TY - JOUR AB - This article presents governance and institutional strategies for climate-induced community relocations. In Alaska, repeated extreme weather events coupled with climate change-induced coastal erosion impact the habitability of entire communities. Community residents and government agencies concur that relocation is the only adaptation strategy that can protect lives and infrastructure. Community relocation stretches the financial and institutional capacity of existing governance institutions. Based on a comparative analysis of three Alaskan communities, Kivalina, Newtok, and Shishmaref, which have chosen to relocate, we examine the institutional constraints to relocation in the United States. We identify policy changes and components of a toolkit that can facilitate community-based adaptation when environmental events threaten people's lives and protection in place is not possible. Policy changes include amendment of the Stafford Act to include gradual geophysical processes, such as erosion, in the statutory definition of disaster and the creation of an adaptive governance framework to allow communities a continuum of responses from protection in place to community relocation. Key components of the toolkit are local leadership and integration of social and ecological well-being into adaptation planning. AD - Resilience and Adaptation Program, Alaska Institute for Justice, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA. rbronen@yahoo.com AU - Bronen, R. AU - Chapin III, F. S. C2 - 3677491 C6 - NIEHS DA - Jun 4 DB - DO - 10.1073/pnas.1210508110 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2013/05/22 IS - 23 KW - Alaska Climate Change Conservation of Natural Resources/ methods Consumer Participation Emigration and Immigration/ statistics & numerical data Environmental Policy Humans Residence Characteristics LA - eng N1 - Bronen, Robin Chapin, F Stuart 3rd Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jun 4;110(23):9320-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1210508110. Epub 2013 May 20. PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking) SP - 9320-5 ST - Adaptive governance and institutional strategies for climate-induced community relocations in Alaska T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Adaptive governance and institutional strategies for climate-induced community relocations in Alaska VL - 110 ID - 4168 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Over the last 60 years, Alaska's mean annual temperature has increased by 1.6 degrees C, more than twice the rate of the rest of the United States. As a result, climate change impacts are more pronounced here than in other regions of the United States. Warmer temperatures may allow some infected host animals to survive winters in larger numbers, increase their population and expand their range of habitation thus increasing the opportunity for transmission of infection to humans. Subsistence hunting and gathering activities may place rural residents of Alaska at a greater risk of acquiring zoonotic infections than urban residents. Known zoonotic diseases that occur in Alaska include brucellosis, toxoplasmosis, trichinellosis, giardiasis/cryptosporidiosis, echinococcosis, rabies and tularemia. Actions for early disease detection, research and prevention and control include: (1) determining baseline levels of infection and disease in both humans and host animals; (2) conducting more research to understand the ecology of infection in the Arctic environment; (3) improving active and passive surveillance systems for infection and disease in humans and animals; (4) improving outreach, education and communication on climate-sensitive infectious diseases at the community, health and animal care provider levels; and (5) improving coordination between public health and animal health agencies, universities and tribal health organisations. AU - Hueffer, K. AU - Parkinson, A. J. AU - Gerlach, R. AU - Berner, J. C6 - NIEHS C7 - 19562 DB - DO - 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.19562 DP - CCII Web of Science KW - Zoonotic infections climate change gaps in knowledge recommendations US Arctic toxoplasma-gondii echinococcus-multilocularis serologic survey molecular characterization sarcocystis-neurona marine mammals grizzly bears brucella cryptosporidium trichinella LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Times Cited: 0 Hueffer, Karsten Parkinson, Alan J. Gerlach, Robert Berner, James National Center for Research Resources [5P20RR016466-12]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences from the National Institutes of Health [8 P20 GM103395-12] This project was supported by grants from the National Center for Research Resources (5P20RR016466-12) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (8 P20 GM103395-12) from the National Institutes of Health. Co-action publishing Jarfalla PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique - Pull PDF manually SN - 1239-9736 ST - Zoonotic infections in Alaska: Disease prevalence, potential impact of climate change and recommended actions for earlier disease detection, research, prevention and control T2 - International Journal of Circumpolar Health TI - Zoonotic infections in Alaska: Disease prevalence, potential impact of climate change and recommended actions for earlier disease detection, research, prevention and control VL - 72 ID - 4577 ER - TY - JOUR AB - After a decade with nine of the lowest arctic sea-ice minima on record, including the historically low minimum in 2012, we synthesize recent developments in the study of ecological responses to sea-ice decline. Sea-ice loss emerges as an important driver of marine and terrestrial ecological dynamics, influencing productivity, species interactions, population mixing, gene flow, and pathogen and disease transmission. Major challenges in the near future include assigning clearer attribution to sea ice as a primary driver of such dynamics, especially in terrestrial systems, and addressing pressures arising from human use of arctic coastal and near-shore areas as sea ice diminishes. AD - The Polar Center, and Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. esp10@psu.edu AU - Post, E. AU - Bhatt, U. S. AU - Bitz, C. M. AU - Brodie, J. F. AU - Fulton, T. L. AU - Hebblewhite, M. AU - Kerby, J. AU - Kutz, S. J. AU - Stirling, I. AU - Walker, D. A. C6 - NIEHS DA - Aug 2 DB - DO - 10.1126/science.1235225 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2013/08/03 IS - 6145 KW - Animals Aquatic Organisms Arctic Regions Climate Change Humans Ice Cover Invertebrates Plant Development Seawater Vertebrates LA - eng N1 - Post, Eric Bhatt, Uma S Bitz, Cecilia M Brodie, Jedediah F Fulton, Tara L Hebblewhite, Mark Kerby, Jeffrey Kutz, Susan J Stirling, Ian Walker, Donald A Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review United States Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):519-24. doi: 10.1126/science.1235225. PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique ; Excluded in Distiller SN - 1095-9203 (Electronic) 0036-8075 (Linking) SP - 519-24 ST - Ecological consequences of sea-ice decline T2 - Science TI - Ecological consequences of sea-ice decline VL - 341 ID - 5003 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In 2006, Fairbanks, AK, reported its first cases of fatal anaphylaxis as a result of Hymenoptera stings concurrent with an increase in insect reactions observed throughout the state. This study was designed to determine whether Alaska medical visits for insect reactions have increased. We conducted a retrospective review of three independent patient databases in Alaska to identify trends of patients seeking medical care for adverse reactions after insect-related events. For each database, an insect reaction was defined as a claim for the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition (ICD-9), codes E9053, E906.4, and 989.5. Increases in insect reactions in each region were compared with temperature changes in the same region. Each database revealed a statistically significant trend in patients seeking care for insect reactions. Fairbanks Memorial Hospital Emergency Department reported a fourfold increase in patients in 2006 compared with previous years (1992-2005). The Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Center of Alaska reported a threefold increase in patients from 1999 to 2002 to 2003 to 2007. A retrospective review of the Alaska Medicaid database from 1999 to 2006 showed increases in medical claims for insect reactions among all regions, with the largest percentage of increases occurring in the most northern areas. Increases in insect reactions in Alaska have occurred after increases in annual and winter temperatures, and these findings may be causally related. Copyright © 2009, OceanSide Publications, Inc. AU - Demain, J. G. AU - Gessner, B. D. AU - McLaughlin, J. B. AU - Sikes, D. S. AU - Foote, J. T. C6 - NIEHS DO - 10.2500/aap.2009.30.3231 DP - CCII Scopus IS - 3 KW - Alaska Anaphylaxis Climate change Global warming Hymenoptera Stinging insect Temperature increase Wasp Yellow jacket article controlled study emergency ward human insect allergy international classification of diseases major clinical study medical care patient care United States animal climate emergency health service factual database hypersensitivity immunology insect insect bite medical record retrospective study statistics Animals Databases, Factual Emergency Service, Hospital Humans Insect Bites and Stings Insects Medical Records Retrospective Studies N1 - Cited By (since 1996):8 Export Date: 7 November 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: AAPRF PubMed ID: 19549424 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Demain, J. G.; Department of Pediatrics, Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Center of Alaska, University of Washington, Ankorage, AK, United States; email: jdemain@allergyalaska.com PY - 2009 RN - CCII Unique - Use Quosa SN - 10885412 (ISSN) SP - 238-243 ST - Increasing insect reactions in Alaska: Is this related to changing climate? T2 - Allergy and Asthma Proceedings TI - Increasing insect reactions in Alaska: Is this related to changing climate? VL - 30 ID - 6605 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Over the past 50 years, retreating glaciers and ice caps contributed 0:5mmyr⬚⬚1 to sea-level rise1, and one third of this contribution is believed to come from ice masses bordering the Gulf of Alaska2,3. However, these estimates of ice loss in Alaska are based on measurements of a limited number of glaciers that are extrapolated to constrain ice wastage in the many thousands of others. Uncertainties in these estimates arise, for example, from the complex pattern of decadal elevation changes at the scale of individual glaciers and mountain ranges4–7. Here we combine a comprehensive glacier inventory with elevation changes derived from sequential digital elevation models. We find that between 1962 and 2006, Alaskan glaciers lost 41:9⬚8:6 km3 yr⬚⬚1 of water, and contributed 0:12 ⬚ 0:02mmyr⬚⬚1 to sea-level rise, 34% less than estimated earlier2,3. Reasons for our lower values include the higher spatial resolution of our glacier inventory as well as the reduction of ice thinning underneath debris and at the glacier margins, which were not resolved in earlier work. We suggest that estimates of mass loss from glaciers and ice caps in other mountain regions could be subject to similar revisions. AU - Berthier, E. AU - Schiefer, E. AU - Clarke, G.K.C. AU - Menounos, B. AU - Rémy, F. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/ngeo737 IS - 2 KW - Climate Data; climate science; cryosphere; glaciers PY - 2010 SN - 1752-0894, 1752-0908 SP - 92-95 ST - Contribution of Alaskan glaciers to sea-level rise derived from satellite imagery T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Contribution of Alaskan glaciers to sea-level rise derived from satellite imagery VL - 3 ID - 12637 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bieniek, Peter A. AU - Walsh, John E. AU - Thoman, Richard L. AU - Bhatt, Uma S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00342.1 IS - 8 PY - 2014 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 2800-2818 ST - Using climate divisions to analyze variations and trends in Alaska temperature and precipitation T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Using climate divisions to analyze variations and trends in Alaska temperature and precipitation VL - 27 Y2 - 2014/02/25 ID - 12641 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brubaker, M. AU - Berner, J. AU - Chavan, R. AU - Warren, J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.3402/gha.v4i0.8445 PY - 2011 SP - 1-5 ST - Climate change and health effects in Northwest Alaska T2 - Global Health Action TI - Climate change and health effects in Northwest Alaska VL - 4 ID - 12735 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Chapin III, F. Stuart AU - Trainor, Sarah F. AU - Cochran, Patricia AU - Huntington, Henry AU - Markon, Carl AU - McCammon, Molly AU - McGuire, A. David AU - Serreze, Mark C4 - b4c35080-10d4-4113-95d7-82a9dc473f45 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J00Z7150 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 514-536 ST - Ch. 22: Alaska T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 22: Alaska ID - 12892 ER - TY - RPRT AB - The useful lifespan of hydroelectric power infrastructure is 50 years or more; this is long enough that long-term climate change and shorter-term climate variability should be considered when planning new facilities and maintaining existing ones. This study examines observed historical climate variability in Southeast, Alaska, where several new and expanded hydropower facilities are proposed. Analysis suggests that climate trends in this region since the 1920s are modest, while trends since the mid-1940s are somewhat stronger. Sparse data collection increases the uncertainty associated with these trends. Variability in temperature, precipitation, snow, and discharge is largely dominated by random interannual fluctuations, as well as semi-decadal to decadal climate modes such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The dominance of these modes of variability on the regional climate is useful for risk management because prediction tools exist for season-ahead forecasting. Longerterm climate trends, while smaller in magnitude, will likely lead to warmer and wetter conditions in the coming century. The persistence of a negative PDO may lead to cooler, drier conditions in the short term. Climate variability and change both have implications for shifts in the timing and magnitude of river discharge that could pose challenges to management of capacity-limited reservoir systems. An increasingly interconnected power grid in Southeast Alaska might help mediate these climate impacts, but there are still large data gaps that contribute to management risk. Enhanced monitoring of snow, temperature, runoff, and glacial melt, particularly at elevation and in the watersheds feeding hydropower reservoirs, could help operators reduce risk by eliminating some of the uncertainty about the relationships between climate and water resource availability. AU - Cherry, J. E. AU - Walker, S. AU - Fresco, N. AU - Trainor, S. AU - Tidwell, A. C6 - NCA KW - energy; Water Resources PY - 2010 SP - 28 ST - Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Hydropower in Southeast Alaska: Planning for a Robust Energy Future TI - Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Hydropower in Southeast Alaska: Planning for a Robust Energy Future UR - http://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/habitat/hydro/reports/ccv_hydro_se.pdf ID - 12899 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cochran, Patricia AU - Huntington, Orville H. AU - Pungowiyi, Caleb AU - Tom, Stanley AU - Chapin, F. Stuart, III AU - Huntington, Henry P. AU - Maynard, Nancy G. AU - Trainor, Sarah F. C6 - NCA DA - October 2013 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0735-2 ET - 26 March 2013 IS - 3 LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 557-567 ST - Indigenous frameworks for observing and responding to climate change in Alaska T2 - Climatic Change TI - Indigenous frameworks for observing and responding to climate change in Alaska VL - 120 ID - 12959 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Douglas, David C. C6 - NCA PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2010 SP - 32 ST - Arctic Sea Ice Decline: Projected Changes in Timing and Extent of Sea Ice in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1176 TI - Arctic Sea Ice Decline: Projected Changes in Timing and Extent of Sea Ice in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1176 UR - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1176 VL - 2010-1176 ID - 13189 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eriksen, S.K. AU - Aldunce, P. AU - Bahinipati, C. S. AU - D’Almeida Martins, R. AU - Molefe, J. I. AU - Nhemachena, C. AU - O’Brien, K. AU - Olorunfemi, F. AU - Park, J. AU - Sygna, L. AU - Ulsrud, K. C6 - NCA DO - 10.3763/cdev.2010.0060 IS - 1 PY - 2011 SN - 1756-5529 SP - 7-20 ST - When not every response to climate change is a good one: Identifying principles of sustainable adaptation T2 - Climate and Development TI - When not every response to climate change is a good one: Identifying principles of sustainable adaptation VL - 3 ID - 13320 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GAO C6 - NCA PB - U.S. Government Accountability Office PY - 2009 SN - GAO-09-551 SP - 53 ST - Alaska Native Villages: Limited Progress Has Been Made on Relocating Villages Threatened by Flooding and Erosion TI - Alaska Native Villages: Limited Progress Has Been Made on Relocating Villages Threatened by Flooding and Erosion UR - http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09551.pdf ID - 13490 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hinzman, Larry D. AU - Bettez, Neil D. AU - Bolton, W. Robert AU - Chapin, F. Stuart AU - Dyurgerov, Mark B. AU - Fastie, Chris L. AU - Griffith, Brad AU - Hollister, Robert D. AU - Hope, Allen AU - Huntington, Henry P. AU - Jensen, Anne M. AU - Jia, Gensuo J. AU - Jorgenson, Torre AU - Kane, Douglas L. AU - Klein, David R. AU - Kofinas, Gary AU - Lynch, Amanda H. AU - Lloyd, Andrea H. AU - McGuire, A. David AU - Nelson, Frederick E. AU - Oechel, Walter C. AU - Osterkamp, Thomas E. AU - Racine, Charles H. AU - Romanovsky, Vladimir E. AU - Stone, Robert S. AU - Stow, Douglas A. AU - Sturm, Matthew AU - Tweedie, Craig E. AU - Vourlitis, George L. AU - Walker, Marilyn D. AU - Walker, Donald A. AU - Webber, Patrick J. AU - Welker, Jeffrey M. AU - Winker, Kevin S. AU - Yoshikawa, Kenji C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-005-5352-2 IS - 3 PY - 2005 RN - http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-005-5352-2 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 251-298 ST - Evidence and implications of recent climate change in northern Alaska and other Arctic regions T2 - Climatic Change TI - Evidence and implications of recent climate change in northern Alaska and other Arctic regions VL - 72 ID - 13756 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hunt, G.L., Jr. AU - Coyle, K.O. AU - Eisner, L.B. AU - Farley, E.V. AU - Heintz, R.A. AU - Mueter, F. AU - Napp, J.M. AU - Overland, J.E. AU - Ressler, P.H. AU - Salo, S. AU - Stabeno, P.J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsr036 IS - 6 PY - 2011 SN - 1054-3139, 1095-9289 SP - 1230-1243 ST - Climate impacts on eastern Bering Sea foodwebs: A synthesis of new data and an assessment of the Oscillating Control Hypothesis T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Climate impacts on eastern Bering Sea foodwebs: A synthesis of new data and an assessment of the Oscillating Control Hypothesis VL - 68 ID - 13840 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ianelli, J.N. AU - Hollowed, A.B. AU - Haynie, A.C. AU - Mueter, F.J. AU - Bond, N.A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsr010 IS - 6 PY - 2011 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 1297-1304 ST - Evaluating management strategies for eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in a changing environment T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil TI - Evaluating management strategies for eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in a changing environment VL - 68 ID - 13853 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Kane, D.L. A2 - Hinkel, K.M. AU - Jorgenson, T. AU - Yoshikawa, K. AU - Kanevskiy, M. AU - Shur, Y. AU - Romanovsky, V. AU - Marchenko, S. AU - Grosse, G. AU - Brown, J. AU - Jones, B. C4 - 99fa6ed1-4d1b-4d55-b46f-c7f31b851147 CY - Fairbanks, AK KW - forestry; permafrost PB - University of Alaska Fairbanks PY - 2008 SP - 121-123 ST - Permafrost characteristics of Alaska T2 - Extended Abstracts of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, June 29-July 3, 2008 TI - Permafrost characteristics of Alaska UR - http://permafrost.gi.alaska.edu/sites/default/files/AlaskaPermafrostMap_Front_Dec2008_Jorgenson_etal_2008.pdf ID - 13974 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kofinas, G. P. AU - Chapin, F. S., III AU - BurnSilver, S. AU - Schmidt, J. I. AU - Fresco, N. L. AU - Kielland, K. AU - Martin, S. AU - Springsteen, A. AU - Rupp, T. S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1139/X10-108 IS - 7 KW - Athabascan; Climate change; native; Rural; Tribal PY - 2010 SN - 0045-5067 SP - 1347-1359 ST - Resilience of Athabascan subsistence systems to interior Alaska's changing climate T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research TI - Resilience of Athabascan subsistence systems to interior Alaska's changing climate VL - 40 ID - 14103 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Laidler, G.J. AU - Ford, J.D. AU - Gough, W.A. AU - Ikummaq, T. AU - Gagnon, A.S. AU - Kowal, S. AU - Qrunnut, K. AU - Irngaut, C. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-008-9512-z IS - 4 PY - 2009 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 363-397 ST - Travelling and hunting in a changing Arctic: Assessing Inuit vulnerability to sea ice change in Igloolik, Nunavut T2 - Climatic Change TI - Travelling and hunting in a changing Arctic: Assessing Inuit vulnerability to sea ice change in Igloolik, Nunavut VL - 94 ID - 14177 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Larsen, P. H. AU - Goldsmith, S. AU - Smith, O. AU - Wilson, M. L. AU - Strzepek, K. AU - Chinowsky, P. AU - Saylor, B. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.03.005 IS - 3 KW - forestry; permafrost PY - 2008 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 442-457 ST - Estimating future costs for Alaska public infrastructure at risk from climate change T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Estimating future costs for Alaska public infrastructure at risk from climate change VL - 18 ID - 14201 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maldonado, Julie Koppel AU - Shearer, Christine AU - Bronen, Robin AU - Peterson, Kristina AU - Lazrus, Heather C6 - NCA DA - October 2013 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0746-z ET - 9 April 2013 IS - 3 LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 601-614 ST - The impact of climate change on tribal communities in the US: Displacement, relocation, and human rights T2 - Climatic Change TI - The impact of climate change on tribal communities in the US: Displacement, relocation, and human rights VL - 120 ID - 14362 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Water column pH and carbonate mineral saturation states were calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity data collected over the eastern Bering Sea shelf in the spring and summer of 2008. The saturation states (Ω) of the two most important carbonate minerals, calcite (Ωcalcite) and aragonite (Ωaragonite) were strongly coupled to terrestrial runoff from the Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers, primary production in the surface waters, and remineralization of organic matter at depth over the shelf. In spring, before ice melt occurred, pH over the shelf was largely confined to a range of 7.9–8.1 and Ωcalcite and Ωaragonite ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 and 0.8 to 2.0, respectively. At the stations closest to river outflows, aragonite was undersaturated in the water column from the surface to the bottom. During the summer sea ice retreat, high rates of primary production consumed DIC in the mixed layer, which increased pH and Ωcalcite and Ωaragonite. However, Ωcalcite and Ωaragonite decreased by ∼0.3 in the bottom waters over the middle and outer shelf. Over the northern shelf, where export production is highest, Ωaragonite decreased by ∼0.35 and became highly undersaturated. The observed suppression and undersaturation of Ωcalcite and Ωaragonite in the eastern Bering Sea are correlated with anthropogenic carbon dioxide uptake into the ocean and will likely be exacerbated under business-as-usual emission scenarios. Therefore, ocean acidification could threaten some benthic and pelagic calcifying organisms across the Bering Sea shelf in the coming decades. AU - Mathis, J.T. AU - Cross, J.N. AU - Bates, N.R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2010JC006453 IS - C2 KW - Bering Sea; ocean acidification; carbon biogeochemistry; carbonate mineral saturation states PY - 2011 SN - 0148-0227 SP - C02030 ST - Coupling primary production and terrestrial runoff to ocean acidification and carbonate mineral suppression in the eastern Bering Sea T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Coupling primary production and terrestrial runoff to ocean acidification and carbonate mineral suppression in the eastern Bering Sea VL - 116 ID - 14404 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McLaughlin, J. B. AU - DePaola, A. AU - Bopp, C. A. AU - Martinek, K. A. AU - Napolilli, N. P. AU - Allison, C. G. AU - Murray, S. L. AU - Thompson, E. C. AU - Bird, M. M. AU - Middaugh, J. P. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa051594 IS - 14 PY - 2005 RN - http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa051594 SP - 1463-1470 ST - Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis associated with Alaskan oysters T2 - The New England Journal of Medicine TI - Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis associated with Alaskan oysters VL - 353 ID - 14451 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mueter, F. J. AU - Bond, N. A. AU - Ianelli, J. N. AU - Hollowed, A. B. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsr022 IS - 6 PY - 2011 SN - 1054-3139, 1095-9289 SP - 1284-1296 ST - Expected declines in recruitment of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea under future climate change T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Expected declines in recruitment of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea under future climate change VL - 68 ID - 14633 ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council C4 - 65ce3b87-d63b-4582-a9b5-f25510b64e97 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/12783 PB - National Academies Press PY - 2010 RN - http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12783 SN - 978-0-309-14591-6 SP - 292 ST - Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change. America’s Climate Choices: Report of the Panel on Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change TI - Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change. America’s Climate Choices: Report of the Panel on Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change ID - 14807 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The contribution to sea-level rise from mountain glaciers and ice caps has grown over the past decades. They are expected to remain an important component of eustatic sea-level rise for at least another century1, 2, despite indications of accelerated wastage of the ice sheets3, 4, 5. However, it is difficult to project the future contribution of these small-scale glaciers to sea-level rise on a global scale. Here, we project their volume changes due to melt in response to transient, spatially differentiated twenty-first century projections of temperature and precipitation from ten global climate models. We conduct the simulations directly on the more than 120,000 glaciers now available in the World Glacier Inventory6, and upscale the changes to 19 regions that contain all mountain glaciers and ice caps in the world (excluding the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets). According to our multi-model mean, sea-level rise from glacier wastage by 2100 will amount to 0.124±0.037 m, with the largest contribution from glaciers in Arctic Canada, Alaska and Antarctica. Total glacier volume will be reduced by 21±6%, but some regions are projected to lose up to 75% of their present ice volume. Ice losses on such a scale may have substantial impacts on regional hydrology and water availability AU - Radić, V. AU - Hock, R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/ngeo1052 IS - 2 KW - Cryospheric science; Climate science PY - 2011 SN - 1752-0894, 1752-0908 SP - 91-94 ST - Regionally differentiated contribution of mountain glaciers and ice caps to future sea-level rise T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Regionally differentiated contribution of mountain glaciers and ice caps to future sea-level rise VL - 4 ID - 15094 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The permafrost monitoring network in the polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere was enhanced during the International Polar Year (IPY), and new information on permafrost thermal state was collected for regions where there was little available. This augmented monitoring network is an important legacy of the IPY, as is the updated baseline of current permafrost conditions against which future changes may be measured. Within the Northern Hemisphere polar region, ground temperatures are currently being measured in about 575 boreholes in North America, the Nordic region and Russia. These show that in the discontinuous permafrost zone, permafrost temperatures fall within a narrow range, with the mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) at most sites being higher than −2°C. A greater range in MAGT is present within the continuous permafrost zone, from above −1°C at some locations to as low as −15°C. The latest results indicate that the permafrost warming which started two to three decades ago has generally continued into the IPY period. Warming rates are much smaller for permafrost already at temperatures close to 0°C compared with colder permafrost, especially for ice-rich permafrost where latent heat effects dominate the ground thermal regime. Colder permafrost sites are warming more rapidly. This improved knowledge about the permafrost thermal state and its dynamics is important for multidisciplinary polar research, but also for many of the 4 million people living in the Arctic. In particular, this knowledge is required for designing effective adaptation strategies for the local communities under warmer climatic conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. AU - Romanovsky, V. E. AU - Smith, Sharon L. AU - Christiansen, Hanne H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1002/ppp.689 IS - 2 KW - permafrost;; ground temperature regime;; climate change;; permafrost thaw;; active layer;; International Polar Year;; Arctic regions PY - 2010 SN - 10456740, 10991530 SP - 106-116 ST - Permafrost thermal state in the polar Northern Hemisphere during the international polar year 2007-2009: A synthesis T2 - Permafrost and Periglacial Processes TI - Permafrost thermal state in the polar Northern Hemisphere during the international polar year 2007-2009: A synthesis VL - 21 ID - 15204 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Bierbaum, R. A2 - Holdren, J.P. A2 - MacCracken, M. A2 - Moss, R.H. A2 - Raven, P.H. A2 - Schellnhuber, H.J. AU - SEGCC C6 - NCA CY - Research Triangle Park, NC and Washington, DC PB - Scientific Expert Group on Climate Change, Sigma Xi and the United Nations Foundation PY - 2007 SP - 144 ST - Confronting Climate Change: Avoiding the Unmanageable and Managing the Unavoidable. Report Prepared for the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development TI - Confronting Climate Change: Avoiding the Unmanageable and Managing the Unavoidable. Report Prepared for the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development UR - http://www.globalproblems-globalsolutions-files.org/unf_website/PDF/climate%20_change_avoid_unmanagable_manage_unavoidable.pdf ID - 15349 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent historic observed lows in Arctic sea ice extent, together with climate model projections of additional ice reductions in the future, have fueled speculations of potential new trans-Arctic shipping routes linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. However, numerical studies of how projected geophysical changes in sea ice will realistically impact ship navigation are lacking. To address this deficiency, we analyze seven climate model projections of sea ice properties, assuming two different climate change scenarios [representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5] and two vessel classes, to assess future changes in peak season (September) Arctic shipping potential. By midcentury, changing sea ice conditions enable expanded September navigability for common open-water ships crossing the Arctic along the Northern Sea Route over the Russian Federation, robust new routes for moderately ice-strengthened (Polar Class 6) ships over the North Pole, and new routes through the Northwest Passage for both vessel classes. Although numerous other nonclimatic factors also limit Arctic shipping potential, these findings have important economic, strategic, environmental, and governance implications for the region. AU - Smith, Laurence C. AU - Stephenson, Scott R. C6 - NCA DA - March 26, 2013 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1214212110 IS - 13 PY - 2013 SP - E1191–E1195 ST - New Trans-Arctic shipping routes navigable by midcentury T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - New Trans-Arctic shipping routes navigable by midcentury VL - 110 ID - 15439 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper explores whether fundamental differences exist between urban and rural vulnerability to climate-induced changes in the fire regime of interior Alaska. We further examine how communities and fire managers have responded to these changes and what additional adaptations could be put in place. We take a case study approach, and draw conclusions from the application of a variety of social science methods including demographic analysis, semi-structured interviews, surveys, workshops, and observations of public meetings. This work is part of an interdisciplinary study of feedbacks and interactions between climate, vegetation, fire, and human components of the boreal forest social ecological system of interior Alaska. We have learned that while urban and rural communities in Interior Alaska face similar increased exposure to wildfire due to climate change, important differences exist in their sensitivity to these biophysical, climate induced changes. In particular, reliance on wildfoods, delayed suppression response, financial resources and institutional connections vary between urban and rural communities. These differences depend largely on social, economic and institutional factors and are not necessarily related to biophysical climate impacts per se. Fire management and suppression action motivated by policy, economic or other pressures, can serve as unintentional or indirect adaptation to climate change. However, this inadvertent response alone will not sufficiently reduce vulnerability to a changing fire regime. More deliberate and strategic responses will be required given the magnitude of expected climate change and the likely intensification of the fire regime in interior Alaska. AU - Trainor, Sarah F. AU - Chapin, F. Stuart, III AU - McGuire, A. David AU - Calef, Monika AU - Fresco, Nancy AU - Kwart, Mary AU - Duffy, Paul AU - Lovecraft, Amy Lauren AU - Rupp, T. Scott AU - DeWilde, La’Ona AU - Huntington, Orville AU - Natcher, David C. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1111/j.1751-8369.2009.00101.x IS - 1 PY - 2009 SE - 100 SP - 100-118 ST - Vulnerability and adaptation to climate-related fire impacts in rural and urban interior Alaska T2 - Polar Research TI - Vulnerability and adaptation to climate-related fire impacts in rural and urban interior Alaska VL - 28 ID - 15647 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USACE C6 - NCA CY - Anchorage, Alaska PB - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District PY - 2008 SP - 64 ST - Revised Environmental Assessment: Finding of No Significant Impact: Newtok Evacuation Center: Mertarvik, Nelson Island, Alaska TI - Revised Environmental Assessment: Finding of No Significant Impact: Newtok Evacuation Center: Mertarvik, Nelson Island, Alaska UR - http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dcra/planning/pub/Newtok_Evacuation_Center_EA_&_FONSI_July_08.pdf ID - 15725 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USACE C6 - NCA CY - Koyukuk, AK PB - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District PY - 2008 ST - Section 117 Project Fact Sheet. Alaska Baseline Erosion Assessment, Erosion Information Paper TI - Section 117 Project Fact Sheet. Alaska Baseline Erosion Assessment, Erosion Information Paper UR - http://www.poa.usace.army.mil/Portals/34/docs/civilworks/BEA/Koyukuk_Final%20Report.pdf ID - 15726 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Walsh, J.E. AU - Chapman, W.L. AU - Romanovsky, V.E. AU - Christensen, J.H. AU - Stendel, M. C6 - NCA DA - 30 April 2008 DO - 10.1175/2008JCLI2163.1 IS - 23 PY - 2008 SP - 6156-6174 ST - Global climate model performance over Alaska and Greenland T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Global climate model performance over Alaska and Greenland VL - 21 ID - 15858 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weeks, D. AU - Malone, P. AU - Welling, L. C6 - NCA IS - 1 PY - 2011 SP - 26-33 ST - Climate change scenario planning: A tool for managing parks into uncertain futures T2 - Park Science TI - Climate change scenario planning: A tool for managing parks into uncertain futures UR - http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/pd/climate/teachingclimate/parksciencespecialissue_on_climate.pdf#page=26 VL - 28 ID - 15906 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the Arctic, permafrost extends up to 500 m below the ground surface, and it is generally just the top metre that thaws in summer. Lakes, rivers, and wetlands on the arctic landscape are normally not connected with groundwater in the same way that they are in temperate regions. When the surface is frozen in winter, only lakes deeper than 2 m and rivers with significant flow retain liquid water. Surface water is largely abundant in summer, when it serves as a breeding ground for fish, birds, and mammals. In winter, many mammals and birds are forced to migrate out of the Arctic. Fish must seek out lakes or rivers deep enough to provide good overwintering habitat. Humans in the Arctic rely on surface water in many ways. Surface water meets domestic needs such as drinking, cooking, and cleaning as well as subsistence and industrial demands. Indigenous communities depend on sea ice and waterways for transportation across the landscape and access to traditional country foods. The minerals, mining, and oil and gas industries also use large quantities of surface water during winter to build ice roads and maintain infrastructure. As demand for this limited, but heavily-relied-upon resource continues to increase, it is now more critical than ever to understand the impacts of climate change on food and water security in the Arctic. AU - White, Daniel M. AU - Gerlach, S. Craig AU - Loring, Philip AU - Tidwell, Amy C. AU - Chambers, Molly C. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045018 IS - 4 PY - 2007 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 045018 ST - Food and water security in a changing arctic climate T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Food and water security in a changing arctic climate VL - 2 ID - 15942 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Jones, R. N. AU - Patwardhan, A. AU - Cohen, S. J. AU - Dessai, S. AU - Lammel, A. AU - Lempert, R. J. AU - Mirza, M. M. Q. AU - von Storch, H. C4 - 7f8b90be-c5d1-43b5-8b7f-a485ef08c7ec CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 2 SP - 195-228 ST - Foundations for decision making T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Foundations for decision making ID - 17686 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Larsen, J. N. AU - Anisimov, O. A. AU - Constable, A. AU - Hollowed, A. B. AU - Maynard, N. AU - Prestrud, P. AU - Prowse, T. D. AU - Stone, J. M. R. C4 - 1610a3e0-23da-41ec-8e57-60caa0218f0c CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 28 SP - 1567-1612 ST - Polar regions T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Polar regions ID - 17689 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Mimura, N. AU - Pulwarty, R. S. AU - Duc, D. M. AU - Elshinnawy, I. AU - Redsteer, M. H. AU - Huang, H. Q. AU - Nkem, J. N. AU - Rodriguez, R. A. Sanchez C4 - bcb91241-7254-4020-89e0-1a396959c618 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 15 SP - 869-898 ST - Adaptation planning and implementation T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Adaptation planning and implementation ID - 17691 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hennessy, Thomas W. AU - Ritter, Troy AU - Holman, Robert C. AU - Bruden, Dana L. AU - Yorita, Krista L. AU - Bulkow, Lisa AU - Cheek, James E. AU - Singleton, Rosalyn J. AU - Smith, Jeff DO - 10.2105/ajph.2007.115618 IS - 11 N1 - Ch9 PY - 2008 SN - 0090-0036 1541-0048 SP - 2072-2078 ST - The relationship between in-home water service and the risk of respiratory tract, skin, and gastrointestinal tract infections among rural Alaska natives T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - The relationship between in-home water service and the risk of respiratory tract, skin, and gastrointestinal tract infections among rural Alaska natives VL - 98 ID - 17853 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Earle, Lynda PB - National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health PY - 2011 ST - Traditional Aboringinal Diets and Health TI - Traditional Aboringinal Diets and Health UR - http://www.nccah-ccnsa.ca/Publications/Lists/Publications/Attachments/44/diets_health_web.pdf ID - 18247 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - Rao, Shilpa AU - Krey, Volker AU - Cho, Cheolhung AU - Chirkov, Vadim AU - Fischer, Guenther AU - Kindermann, Georg AU - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa AU - Rafaj, Peter DA - 2011/11/01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0149-y IS - 1-2 LA - English PY - 2011 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 33-57 ST - RCP 8.5—A scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions T2 - Climatic Change TI - RCP 8.5—A scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions VL - 109 ID - 18728 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jacobs, J. AU - Moore, S.K. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - Sun, L. DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2015.03.002 PY - 2015 SP - 16-27 ST - A framework for examining climate-driven changes to the seasonality and geographical range of coastal pathogens and harmful algae T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - A framework for examining climate-driven changes to the seasonality and geographical range of coastal pathogens and harmful algae VL - 8 ID - 18814 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sun, Liqiang AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Stevens, Laura E. AU - Buddenberg, Andrew AU - Dobson, J. Greg AU - Easterling, David R. DO - 10.7289/V5RB72KG PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service PY - 2015 SN - NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 144 SP - 111 ST - Regional Surface Climate Conditions in CMIP3 and CMIP5 for the United States: Differences, Similarities, and Implications for the U.S. National Climate Assessment TI - Regional Surface Climate Conditions in CMIP3 and CMIP5 for the United States: Differences, Similarities, and Implications for the U.S. National Climate Assessment ID - 19332 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Beard, Charles B. AU - Eisen, Rebecca J. AU - Barker, Christopher M. AU - Garofalo, Jada F. AU - Hahn, Micah AU - Hayden, Mary AU - Monaghan, Andrew J. AU - Ogden, Nicholas H. AU - Schramm, Paul J. C4 - dbfb7cd9-7c82-43ea-a4e2-9e2eb0b851fd CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0765C7V PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 129–156 ST - Ch. 5: Vector-borne diseases T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 5: Vector-borne diseases ID - 19377 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Trtanj, Juli AU - Jantarasami, Lesley AU - Brunkard, Joan AU - Collier, Tracy AU - Jacobs, John AU - Lipp, Erin AU - McLellan, Sandra AU - Moore, Stephanie AU - Paerl, Hans AU - Ravenscroft, John AU - Sengco, Mario AU - Thurston, Jeanette C4 - d4ed906f-cc7b-422c-aef1-96a1b1d5c80f CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J03F4MH4 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 157–188 ST - Ch. 6: Climate impacts on water-related illness T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 6: Climate impacts on water-related illness ID - 19378 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Dodgen, Daniel AU - Donato, Darrin AU - Kelly, Nancy AU - La Greca, Annette AU - Morganstein, Joshua AU - Reser, Joseph AU - Ruzek, Josef AU - Schweitzer, Shulamit AU - Shimamoto, Mark M. AU - Thigpen Tart, Kimberly AU - Ursano, Robert C4 - 6b22a163-b918-48bf-993f-32e61712a455 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0TX3C9H PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 217–246 ST - Ch. 8: Mental health and well-being T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 8: Mental health and well-being ID - 19380 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The 1976 Pacific climate shift is examined, and its manifestations and significance in Alaskan climatology during the last half-century are demonstrated. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation index shifted in 1976 from dominantly negative values for the 25-yr time period 1951–75 to dominantly positive values for the period 1977–2001. Mean annual and seasonal temperatures for the positive phase were up to 3.1°C higher than for the negative phase. Likewise, mean cloudiness, wind speeds, and precipitation amounts increased, while mean sea level pressure and geopotential heights decreased. The pressure decrease resulted in a deepening of the Aleutian low in winter and spring. The intensification of the Aleutian low increased the advection of relatively warm and moist air to Alaska and storminess over the state during winter and spring. The regime shift is also examined for its effect on the long-term temperature trends throughout the state. The trends that have shown climatic warming are strongly biased by the sudden shift in 1976 from the cooler regime to a warmer regime. When analyzing the total time period from 1951 to 2001, warming is observed; however, the 25-yr period trend analyses before 1976 (1951–75) and thereafter (1977–2001) both display cooling, with a few exceptions. In this paper, emphasis is placed on the importance of taking into account the sudden changes that result from abrupt climatic shifts, persistent regimes, and the possibility of cyclic oscillations, such as the PDO, in the analysis of long-term climate change in Alaska. AU - Hartmann, Brian AU - Wendler, Gerd DO - 10.1175/JCLI3532.1 IS - 22 PY - 2005 SP - 4824-4839 ST - The significance of the 1976 Pacific climate shift in the climatology of Alaska T2 - Journal of Climate TI - The significance of the 1976 Pacific climate shift in the climatology of Alaska VL - 18 ID - 19826 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Young, Adam M. AU - Higuera, Philip E. AU - Duffy, Paul A. AU - Hu, Feng Sheng DO - 10.1111/ecog.02205 IS - 5 PY - 2017 SN - 1600-0587 SP - 606-617 ST - Climatic thresholds shape northern high-latitude fire regimes and imply vulnerability to future climate change T2 - Ecography TI - Climatic thresholds shape northern high-latitude fire regimes and imply vulnerability to future climate change VL - 40 ID - 19894 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mathis, J.T. AU - Cross, J.N. AU - Evans, W. AU - Doney, S.C. DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2015.36 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SP - 122-135 ST - Ocean acidification in the surface waters of the Pacific–Arctic boundary regions T2 - Oceanography TI - Ocean acidification in the surface waters of the Pacific–Arctic boundary regions VL - 28 ID - 20134 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gibbs, A.E. AU - Richmond, B.M. DO - 10.3133/ofr20151048 NV - U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1048 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2015 SP - 96 ST - National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change Along the North Coast of Alaska, U.S.–Canadian Border to Icy Cape TI - National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change Along the North Coast of Alaska, U.S.–Canadian Border to Icy Cape VL - 2015-1048 ID - 20137 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Press, Cambridge University AU - ACIA PB - ACIA Secretariat and Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research PY - 2005 SP - 1042 ST - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment TI - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment UR - http://www.acia.uaf.edu/pages/scientific.html ID - 20141 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2016 SN - EPA 430-R-16-004 SP - 96 ST - Climate Change Indicators in the United States, 2016. 4th edition TI - Climate Change Indicators in the United States, 2016. 4th edition UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-08/documents/climate_indicators_2016.pdf ID - 20357 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Partain, J. L., Jr. AU - Alden, S. AU - Bhatt, U.S. AU - Bieniek, P. A. AU - Brettschneider, B. R. AU - Lader, R. AU - Olsson, P. Q. AU - Rupp, T. S. AU - Strader, H. AU - Jr., R. L. Thoman AU - Walsh, J. E. AU - York, A. D. AU - Zieh, R. H. DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0149.1 PY - 2016 SP - S14-S18 ST - An assessment of the role of anthropogenic climate change in the Alaska fire season of 2015 [in “Explaining Extreme Events of 2015 from a Climate Perspective”] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - An assessment of the role of anthropogenic climate change in the Alaska fire season of 2015 [in “Explaining Extreme Events of 2015 from a Climate Perspective”] VL - 97 (12) ID - 20418 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent research using repeat photography, long-term ecological monitoring and dendrochronology has documented shrub expansion in arctic, high-latitude and alpine tundra ecosystems. Here, we (1) synthesize these findings, (2) present a conceptual framework that identifies mechanisms and constraints on shrub increase, (3) explore causes, feedbacks and implications of the increased shrub cover in tundra ecosystems, and (4) address potential lines of investigation for future research. Satellite observations from around the circumpolar Arctic, showing increased productivity, measured as changes in ‘greenness’, have coincided with a general rise in high-latitude air temperatures and have been partly attributed to increases in shrub cover. Studies indicate that warming temperatures, changes in snow cover, altered disturbance regimes as a result of permafrost thaw, tundra fires, and anthropogenic activities or changes in herbivory intensity are all contributing to observed changes in shrub abundance. A large-scale increase in shrub cover will change the structure of tundra ecosystems and alter energy fluxes, regional climate, soil–atmosphere exchange of water, carbon and nutrients, and ecological interactions between species. In order to project future rates of shrub expansion and understand the feedbacks to ecosystem and climate processes, future research should investigate the species or trait-specific responses of shrubs to climate change including: (1) the temperature sensitivity of shrub growth, (2) factors controlling the recruitment of new individuals, and (3) the relative influence of the positive and negative feedbacks involved in shrub expansion. AU - Myers-Smith, Isla H. AU - Forbes, Bruce C. AU - Wilmking, Martin AU - Hallinger, Martin AU - Lantz, Trevor AU - Blok, Daan AU - Tape, Ken D. AU - Macias-Fauria, Marc AU - Sass-Klaassen, Ute AU - Lévesque, Esther AU - Boudreau, Stéphane AU - Ropars, Pascale AU - Hermanutz, Luise AU - Trant, Andrew AU - Collier, Laura Siegwart AU - Weijers, Stef AU - Rozema, Jelte AU - Rayback, Shelly A. AU - Schmidt, Niels Martin AU - Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela AU - Wipf, Sonja AU - Rixen, Christian AU - Ménard, Cécile B. AU - Venn, Susanna AU - Goetz, Scott AU - Andreu-Hayles, Laia AU - Elmendorf, Sarah AU - Ravolainen, Virve AU - Welker, Jeffrey AU - Grogan, Paul AU - Epstein, Howard E. AU - Hik, David S. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045509 IS - 4 PY - 2011 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 045509 ST - Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: Dynamics, impacts and research priorities T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: Dynamics, impacts and research priorities VL - 6 ID - 20560 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Observed temperature extremes over the continental United States can be represented by the ratio of daily record high temperatures to daily record low minimum temperatures, and this ratio has increased to a value of about 2 to 1, averaged over the first decade of the 21st century, albeit with large interannual variability. Two different versions of a global coupled climate model (CCSM4), as well as 23 other coupled model intercomparison project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, show larger values of this ratio than observations, mainly as a result of greater numbers of record highs since the 1980s compared with observations. This is partly because of the “warm 1930s” in the observations, which made it more difficult to set record highs later in the century, and partly because of a trend toward less rainfall and reduced evapotranspiration in the model versions compared with observations. We compute future projections of this ratio on the basis of its estimated dependence on mean temperature increase, which we find robustly at play in both observations and simulations. The use of this relation also has the advantage of removing dependence of a projection on a specific scenario. An empirical projection of the ratio of record highs to record lows is obtained from the nonlinear relationship in observations from 1930 to 2015, thus correcting downward the likely biased future projections of the model. For example, for a 3 °C warming in US temperatures, the ratio of record highs to lows is projected to be ∼15 ± 8 compared to the present average ratio of just over 2. AU - Meehl, Gerald A. AU - Tebaldi, Claudia AU - Adams-Smith, Dennis DA - December 6, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1606117113 IS - 49 PY - 2016 SP - 13977-13982 ST - US daily temperature records past, present, and future T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - US daily temperature records past, present, and future VL - 113 ID - 20781 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Larsen, C. F. AU - Burgess, E. AU - Arendt, A. A. AU - O'Neel, S. AU - Johnson, A. J. AU - Kienholz, C. DO - 10.1002/2015GL064349 IS - 14 KW - Alaska glaciers tidewater glaciers mass balance Operation IceBridge 0762 Mass balance 0720 Glaciers 0774 Dynamics 0758 Remote sensing 1218 Mass balance PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 5902-5908 ST - Surface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Surface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance VL - 42 ID - 20797 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, Muyin AU - Overland, James E. DO - 10.1029/2012GL052868 IS - 18 KW - Arctic CMIP5 climate projections sea ice 0750 Sea ice 1616 Climate variability 1621 Cryospheric change 1626 Global climate models 9315 Arctic region PY - 2012 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L18501 ST - A sea ice free summer Arctic within 30 years: An update from CMIP5 models T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - A sea ice free summer Arctic within 30 years: An update from CMIP5 models VL - 39 ID - 21032 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC NV - EPA 430‐R‐17‐001 PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2017 SP - 271 ST - Multi-Model Framework for Quantitative Sectoral Impacts Analysis: A Technical Report for the Fourth National Climate Assessment TI - Multi-Model Framework for Quantitative Sectoral Impacts Analysis: A Technical Report for the Fourth National Climate Assessment UR - https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_Report.cfm?dirEntryId=335095 ID - 21365 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Perlwitz, J. AU - Knutson, T. AU - Kossin, J.P. AU - LeGrande, A.N. C4 - 1a46c6a2-4b5f-408d-b3d0-21ebdd4f960b CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J0RV0KVQ PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 5 SP - 161-184 ST - Large-scale circulation and climate variability T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Large-scale circulation and climate variability ID - 21563 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Taylor, P.C. AU - Maslowski, W. AU - Perlwitz, J. AU - Wuebbles, D.J. 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AU - Wang, Haifeng AU - Rutherford, Daniel CY - Washington, DC PB - International Council on Clean Transportation PY - 2015 SP - 67 ST - A 10-Year Projection of Maritime Activity in the U.S. Arctic Region TI - A 10-Year Projection of Maritime Activity in the U.S. Arctic Region UR - https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/552557 ID - 22168 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baggio, Jacopo A. AU - BurnSilver, Shauna B. AU - Arenas, Alex AU - Magdanz, James S. AU - Kofinas, Gary P. AU - De Domenico, Manlio DA - November 29, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1604401113 IS - 48 PY - 2016 SP - 13708-13713 ST - Multiplex social ecological network analysis reveals how social changes affect community robustness more than resource depletion T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Multiplex social ecological network analysis reveals how social changes affect community robustness more than resource depletion VL - 113 ID - 22169 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beamer, J. P. 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AU - Brettschneider, Brian AU - Brubaker, Michael AU - Danielson, Seth AU - Lader, Rick AU - Fetterer, Florence AU - Holderied, Kris AU - Iken, Katrin AU - Mahoney, Andy AU - McCammon, Molly AU - Partain, James DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0105.1 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - S39-S43 ST - The high latitude marine heat wave of 2016 and its impacts on Alaska T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - The high latitude marine heat wave of 2016 and its impacts on Alaska VL - 99 ID - 22326 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weatherhead, E. AU - Gearheard, S. AU - Barry, R. G. DA - 8// DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.02.002 IS - 3 KW - Climate change Arctic Persistence Inuit Temperature PY - 2010 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 523-528 ST - Changes in weather persistence: Insight from Inuit knowledge T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Changes in weather persistence: Insight from Inuit knowledge VL - 20 ID - 22327 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weaver, Christopher AU - Moss, Richard AU - Ebi, Kristie AU - Gleick, Peter AU - Stern, Paul AU - Tebaldi, Claudia AU - Wilson, Robyn AU - Arvai, Joseph DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7494 PY - 2017 SP - 080201 ST - Reframing climate change assessments around risk: Recommendations for the US National Climate Assessment T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Reframing climate change assessments around risk: Recommendations for the US National Climate Assessment VL - 12 ID - 22328 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wenger, Jay D. AU - Zulz, Tammy AU - Bruden, Dana AU - Singleton, Rosalyn AU - Bruce, Michael G. AU - Bulkow, Lisa AU - Parks, Debbie AU - Rudolph, Karen AU - Hurlburt, Debby AU - Ritter, Troy AU - Klejka, Joseph AU - Hennessy, Thomas DA - Mar DO - 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181bdbed5 ET - 2009/12/03 IS - 3 KW - Alaska/epidemiology Child, Preschool Female Hand Disinfection Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Male Pneumococcal Infections/*epidemiology Pneumococcal Vaccines/*administration & dosage/*immunology Serotyping Socioeconomic Factors Streptococcus pneumoniae/*classification/immunology/*isolation & purification *Water Microbiology *Water Supply PY - 2010 SN - 0891-3668 SP - 251-256 ST - Invasive pneumococcal disease in Alaskan children: Impact of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the role of water supply T2 - Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal TI - Invasive pneumococcal disease in Alaskan children: Impact of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the role of water supply VL - 29 ID - 22329 ER - TY - CONF AU - WIHAH CY - Anchorage, AK DA - September 18-21 M1 - August, 2017 PB - Arctic Council PY - 2017 SP - 99 ST - 2016 Water Innovations for Healthy Arctic Homes (WIHAH) Conference TI - 2016 Water Innovations for Healthy Arctic Homes (WIHAH) Conference UR - http://wihah2016.com/wp-content/themes/wihah/files/2016WIHAHproceedings.pdf ID - 22330 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wilson, Nicole J. DO - 10.1007/s10745-013-9619-3 PY - 2014 SP - 87-101 ST - The politics of adaptation: Subsistence livelihoods and vulnerability to climate change in the Koyukon Athabascan Village of Ruby, Alaska T2 - Human Ecology TI - The politics of adaptation: Subsistence livelihoods and vulnerability to climate change in the Koyukon Athabascan Village of Ruby, Alaska VL - 42 ID - 22331 ER - TY - WEB AU - YKHC CY - Bethel, AK M1 - August, 2017 PB - Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation (YKHC) PY - 2017 ST - Injury Prevention Store TI - Injury Prevention Store UR - https://www.ykhc.org/injury-control-ems/injury-prevention-store/ ID - 22332 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Lunde, Leiv A2 - Yang, Jian A2 - Stensdal, Iselin AU - Young, Oran R. C4 - 5d2f8927-ebeb-431c-9d60-f000a7d40008 CY - Singapore PB - World Scientific PY - 2016 SN - 978-981-4644-17-4 SP - 15-34 ST - Adaptive governance for a changing Arctic T2 - Asian Countries and the Arctic Future TI - Adaptive governance for a changing Arctic ID - 22333 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziemen, Florian A. AU - Hock, Regine AU - Aschwanden, Andy AU - Khroulev, Constantine AU - Kienholz, Christian AU - Melkonian, Andrew AU - Zhang, Jing DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/jog.2016.13 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 03/23 IS - 231 KW - Ice sheet modeling Juneau Icefield Alaska Glacier Climate downscaling mass balance PY - 2016 SN - 0022-1430 SP - 199-214 ST - Modeling the evolution of the Juneau Icefield between 1971 and 2100 using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) T2 - Journal of Glaciology TI - Modeling the evolution of the Juneau Icefield between 1971 and 2100 using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) VL - 62 ID - 22334 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dupont, Sam AU - Hall, Emilie AU - Calosi, Piero AU - Lundve, Bengt DA - 2014/11/01 DO - 10.2983/035.033.0320 IS - 3 PY - 2014 SN - 0730-8000 SP - 857-861 ST - First evidence of altered sensory quality in a shellfish exposed to decreased pH relevant to ocean acidification T2 - Journal of Shellfish Research TI - First evidence of altered sensory quality in a shellfish exposed to decreased pH relevant to ocean acidification VL - 33 Y2 - 2017/10/20 ID - 22339 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to alter the frequencies and intensities of at least some types of extreme events. Although Alaska is already experiencing an amplified response to climate change, studies of extreme event occurrences have lagged those for other regions. Forced migration due to coastal erosion, failing infrastructure on thawing permafrost, more severe wildfire seasons, altered ocean chemistry, and an ever-shrinking season for snow and ice are among the most devastating effects, many of which are related to extreme climate events. This study uses regional dynamical downscaling with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to investigate projected twenty-first-century changes of daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation over Alaska. The forcing data used for the downscaling simulations include the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim; 1981–2010), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 3 (GFDL CM3), historical (1976–2005), and GFDL CM3 representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5; 2006–2100). Observed trends of temperature and sea ice coverage in the Arctic are large, and the present trajectory of global emissions makes a continuation of these trends plausible. The future scenario is bias adjusted using a quantile-mapping procedure. Results indicate an asymmetric warming of climate extremes; namely, cold extremes rise fastest, and the greatest changes occur in winter. Maximum 1- and 5-day precipitation amounts are projected to increase by 53% and 50%, which is larger than the corresponding increases for the contiguous United States. When compared with the historical period, the shifts in temperature and precipitation indicate unprecedented heat and rainfall across Alaska during this century. AU - Lader, Rick AU - Walsh, John E. AU - Bhatt, Uma S. AU - Bieniek, Peter A. DO - 10.1175/jamc-d-16-0415.1 IS - 9 KW - Arctic,Extreme events,Climate change,Societal impacts PY - 2017 SP - 2393-2409 ST - Projections of twenty-first-century climate extremes for Alaska via dynamical downscaling and quantile mapping T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - Projections of twenty-first-century climate extremes for Alaska via dynamical downscaling and quantile mapping VL - 56 ID - 22343 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ocean acidification, a decrease in the pH in marine waters associated with rising atmospheric CO2 levels, is a serious threat to marine ecosystems. In this paper, we determine the effects of long-term exposure to near-future levels of ocean acidification on the growth, condition, calcification, and survival of juvenile red king crabs, Paralithodes camtschaticus, and Tanner crabs, Chionoecetes bairdi. Juveniles were reared in individual containers for nearly 200 days in flowing control (pH 8.0), pH 7.8, and pH 7.5 seawater at ambient temperatures (range 4.4–11.9 °C). In both species, survival decreased with pH, with 100% mortality of red king crabs occurring after 95 days in pH 7.5 water. Though the morphology of neither species was affected by acidification, both species grew slower in acidified water. At the end of the experiment, calcium concentration was measured in each crab and the dry mass and condition index of each crab were determined. Ocean acidification did not affect the calcium content of red king crab but did decrease the condition index, while it had the opposite effect on Tanner crabs, decreasing calcium content but leaving the condition index unchanged. This suggests that red king crab may be able to maintain calcification rates, but at a high energetic cost. The decrease in survival and growth of each species is likely to have a serious negative effect on their populations in the absence of evolutionary adaptation or acclimatization over the coming decades. AU - Long, William Christopher AU - Swiney, Katherine M. AU - Harris, Caitlin AU - Page, Heather N. AU - Foy, Robert J. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0060959 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SP - e60959 ST - Effects of ocean acidification on juvenile red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) growth, condition, calcification, and survival T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Effects of ocean acidification on juvenile red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) growth, condition, calcification, and survival VL - 8 ID - 22344 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Once ice-bound, difficult to access, and largely ignored by the rest of the world, the Arctic is now front and center in the midst of many important questions facing the world today. Our daily weather, what we eat, and coastal flooding are all interconnected with the future of the Arctic. The year 2012 was an astounding year for Arctic change. The summer sea ice volume smashed previous records, losing approximately 75 percent of its value since 1980 and half of its areal coverage. Multiple records were also broken when 97 percent of Greenland's surface experienced melt conditions in 2012, the largest melt extent in the satellite era. Receding ice caps in Arctic Canada are now exposing land surfaces that have been continuously ice covered for more than 40,000 years. What happens in the Arctic has far-reaching implications around the world. Loss of snow and ice exacerbates climate change and is the largest contributor to expected global sea level rise during the next century. Ten percent of the world's fish catches comes from Arctic and sub-Arctic waters. The U.S. Geological Survey estimated that up to 13 percent of the world's remaining oil reserves are in the Arctic. The geologic history of the Arctic may hold vital clues about massive volcanic eruptions and the consequent release of massive amount of coal fly ash that is thought to have caused mass extinctions in the distant past. How will these changes affect the rest of Earth? What research should we invest in to best understand this previously hidden land, manage impacts of change on Arctic communities, and cooperate with researchers from other nations? The Arctic in the Anthropocene reviews research questions previously identified by Arctic researchers, and then highlights the new questions that have emerged in the wake of and expectation of further rapid Arctic change, as well as new capabilities to address them. This report is meant to guide future directions in U.S. Arctic research so that research is targeted on critical scientific and societal questions and conducted as effectively as possible. The Arctic in the Anthropocene identifies both a disciplinary and a cross-cutting research strategy for the next 10 to 20 years, and evaluates infrastructure needs and collaboration opportunities. The climate, biology, and society in the Arctic are changing in rapid, complex, and interactive ways. Understanding the Arctic system has never been more critical; thus, Arctic research has never been more important. This report will be a resource for institutions, funders, policy makers, and students. Written in an engaging style, The Arctic in the Anthropocene paints a picture of one of the last unknown places on this planet, and communicates the excitement and importance of the discoveries and challenges that lie ahead. AU - National Research Council C4 - 8cf58ebf-2708-4a4c-adf0-5afa8ade1ecd CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/18726 KW - Earth Sciences Environment and Environmental Studies LA - English PB - National Academies Press PY - 2014 SN - 978-0-309-30183-1 SP - 224 ST - The Arctic in the Anthropocene: Emerging Research Questions TI - The Arctic in the Anthropocene: Emerging Research Questions ID - 22347 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Declining sea ice area in the Canadian Arctic has gained significant attention with respect to the prospect of increased shipping activities. To investigate relationships between recent declines in sea ice area with Arctic maritime activity, trend and correlation analysis was performed on sea ice area data for total, first-year ice (FYI), and multi-year ice (MYI), and on a comprehensive shipping dataset of observed vessel transits through the Vessel Traffic Reporting Arctic Canada Traffic Zone (NORDREG zone) from 1990 to 2012. Links to surface air temperature (SAT) and the satellite derived melt season length were also investigated. Between 1990 and 2012, statistically significant increases in vessel traffic were observed within the NORDREG zone on monthly and annual time-scales coincident with declines in sea ice area (FYI, MYI, and total ice) during the shipping season and on a monthly basis. Similarly, the NORDREG zone is experiencing increased shoulder season shipping activity, alongside an increasing melt season length and warming surface air temperatures (SAT). Despite these trends, only weak correlations between the variables were identified, although a step increase in shipping activity is apparent following the former summer sea ice extent minimum in 2007. Other non-environmental factors have also likely contributed to the observed increase in Arctic shipping activity within the Canadian Arctic, such as tourism demand, community re-supply needs, and resource exploration trends. AU - Pizzolato, Larissa AU - Howell, Stephen E. L. AU - Derksen, Chris AU - Dawson, Jackie AU - Copland, Luke DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-1038-3 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 161-173 ST - Changing sea ice conditions and marine transportation activity in Canadian arctic waters between 1990 and 2012 T2 - Climatic Change TI - Changing sea ice conditions and marine transportation activity in Canadian arctic waters between 1990 and 2012 VL - 123 ID - 22348 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Qi, Di AU - Chen, Liqi AU - Chen, Baoshan AU - Gao, Zhongyong AU - Zhong, Wenli AU - Feely, Richard A AU - Anderson, Leif G AU - Sun, Heng AU - Chen, Jianfang AU - Chen, Min AU - Zhan, Liyang AU - Zhang, Yuanhui AU - Cai, Wei-Jun DA - 02/27/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3228 PY - 2017 SP - 195-199 ST - Increase in acidifying water in the western Arctic Ocean T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Increase in acidifying water in the western Arctic Ocean VL - 7 ID - 22349 ER - TY - BOOK AU - United Nations C4 - 56062c5c-6ecb-4aa2-89bb-0f0ec608338f CY - New York, NY M1 - Series F, no. 67 PB - United Nations PY - 1997 SN - 92-1-161386-8 SP - 83 ST - Glossary of Environmental Statistics TI - Glossary of Environmental Statistics UR - https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_67E.pdf ID - 22354 ER - TY - RPRT AU - WHPacific CY - Anchorage, AK PB - WHPacific PY - 2012 SP - 141 ST - Alaska Energy Authority: End Use Study TI - Alaska Energy Authority: End Use Study UR - http://www.akenergyauthority.org/Efficiency/EndUse ID - 22355 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Effective adaptive governance will emerge from strong relationships between science, governance, and practice. However, these relationships receive scant critical attention among adaptive governance scholarship. To address this lacuna, Jasanoff’s “idiom of coproduction” provides a lens to view the dialectical relationships between science and society. This view sees science and governance as coevolving through iterative relationships between the material, cognitive, social, and normative dimensions of a problem. This coevolution is precisely the aspiration of adaptive governance; however, the notion of coproduction must be grounded to provide practical guidance for groups aspiring to “govern adaptively.” I have drawn on three concepts, namely coproduction, bridging/boundary organizations, and adaptive capacity, to present a conceptual framework of “coproductive capacities.” Coproductive capacities are the material, cognitive, social, and normative capacities that enable groups of actors to connect knowledge with action in a cross-scale governance context. This framework was applied to two cases of connectivity conservation. Inspired by the science of conservation biology, connectivity conservation promotes collaborative, cross-scale governance to conserve biodiversity at a landscape scale. This tight coupling of science and governance in a cross-scale context makes connectivity conservation a classic case of both coproduction and adaptive governance. However, the inability of the initiatives in the cases examined to turn their visions into action highlights a critical absence of key capacities. In particular, challenges faced in connecting knowledge with action at various scales points to the importance of building relationships between actors across scales. The structures and mechanisms of governance have dominated adaptive governance scholarship, yet coproductive capacity and adaptive governance emerge from the relationships between actors seeking to connect knowledge with action. Building capacity to negotiate these relationships is a more fruitful focus for adaptive governance than design principles and diagnostics. AU - Wyborn, Carina A. C7 - 11 DO - 10.5751/ES-06510-200111 IS - 1 KW - adaptive capacity adaptive governance boundary organizations bridging organizations connectivity conservation coproduction coproductive capacities PY - 2015 SP - 11 ST - Connecting knowledge with action through coproductive capacities: Adaptive governance and connectivity conservation T2 - Ecology and Society TI - Connecting knowledge with action through coproductive capacities: Adaptive governance and connectivity conservation VL - 20 ID - 22356 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Arctic Observing Summit CY - Calgary, Alberta PB - Arctic Observing Summit (AOS) PY - 2016 SP - 2 ST - Conference Statement TI - Conference Statement UR - http://www.arcticobservingsummit.org/sites/arcticobservingsummit.org/files/AOS%20Conference%20Statement_Final_0.pdf ID - 22357 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Arndt, Deke CY - Silver Spring, MD M1 - May 20 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2016 ST - Alaska: Last frontier on the front lines T2 - Climate.gov: Beyond the Data TI - Alaska: Last frontier on the front lines UR - https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/beyond-data/alaska-last-frontier-front-lines-climate-change ID - 22358 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bechmann, Renée Katrin AU - Taban, Ingrid Christina AU - Westerlund, Stig AU - Godal, Brit Fjone AU - Arnberg, Maj AU - Vingen, Sjur AU - Ingvarsdottir, Anna AU - Baussant, Thierry DA - 2011/03/15 DO - 10.1080/15287394.2011.550460 IS - 7-9 PY - 2011 SN - 1528-7394 SP - 424-438 ST - Effects of ocean acidification on early life stages of shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and mussel (Mytilus edulis) T2 - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A TI - Effects of ocean acidification on early life stages of shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and mussel (Mytilus edulis) VL - 74 ID - 22359 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Charles E. Nash and Associates AU - Duffy, John CY - Palmer, AK PB - Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Department of Planning PY - 1997 SP - various ST - Miller's Reach Fire Strategic Economic Recovery Plan: Final Revised Plan TI - Miller's Reach Fire Strategic Economic Recovery Plan: Final Revised Plan ID - 22360 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Himes-Cornell, Amber AU - Kasperski, Stephen DA - 2015/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.09.010 KW - Adaptive capacity Alaska Climate change Fishing communities Resilience Vulnerability PY - 2015 SN - 0165-7836 SP - 1-11 ST - Assessing climate change vulnerability in Alaska's fishing communities T2 - Fisheries Research TI - Assessing climate change vulnerability in Alaska's fishing communities VL - 162 ID - 24022 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Extreme weather events coupled with sea level rise and erosion will cause coastal and riverine areas where people live and maintain livelihoods to disappear permanently. Adaptation to these environmental changes, including the permanent relocation of millions of people, requires new governance tools. In the USA, local governments, often with state-level and national-level support, will be primarily responsible for protecting residents from climate-change impacts and implementing policies needed to protect their welfare. Government agencies have a variety of tools to facilitate protection in place and managed coastal retreat but have very limited tools to facilitate community relocation. In addition, no institutional mechanism currently exists to determine whether and when preventive relocation needs to occur to protect people from climate change impacts. Based on research involving four Alaska Native communities threatened by climate-induced environmental impacts, I propose the design and implementation of an adaptive governance framework to respond to the need to relocate populations. In this context, adaptive governance means the ability of institutions to dynamically respond to climate change impacts. A component of this adaptive governance framework is a social-ecological monitoring and assessment tool that can facilitate collaborative knowledge production by community residents and governance institutions to guide sustainable adaptation strategies and determine whether and when relocation needs to occur. The framework, including the monitoring and assessment tool, has not been systematically tested. However, the potential use of this tool is discussed by drawing on empirical examples of Alaskan communities faced with accelerating rates of erosion. AU - Bronen, Robin C7 - 36 IS - 3 KW - adaptation climate change coastal retreat community relocation social-ecological monitoring and assessment PY - 2015 SP - 36 ST - Climate-induced community relocations: Using integrated social-ecological assessments to foster adaptation and resilience T2 - Ecology and Society TI - Climate-induced community relocations: Using integrated social-ecological assessments to foster adaptation and resilience UR - https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol20/iss3/art36/ VL - 20 ID - 24948 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ICC-Alaska PB - Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC) – Alaska PY - 2015 SP - 116 ST - Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework: How to Assess the Arctic from an Inuit Perspective TI - Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework: How to Assess the Arctic from an Inuit Perspective UR - http://iccalaska.org/wp-icc/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Food-Security-Full-Technical-Report.pdf ID - 24979 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Marino, Elizabeth C4 - 8e22db4a-527d-4d0f-bf59-f380a17d250b CY - Fairbanks, AK PB - University of Alaska Press PY - 2015 SN - 1602232660 978-1602232662 SP - 122 ST - Fierce Climate, Sacred Ground: An Ethnography of Climate Change in Shishmaref, Alaska TI - Fierce Climate, Sacred Ground: An Ethnography of Climate Change in Shishmaref, Alaska ID - 24981 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Barbeaux, Steven AU - Aydin, Kerim AU - Fissel, Ben AU - Holsman, Krirstin AU - Palsson, Wwyne AU - Shotwell, Kalei AU - Yang, Qiong AU - Zador, Stephani C4 - e950a4ad-cf0c-4d55-9c68-1c358c2082ec PB - North Pacific Fishery Management Council PY - 2017 SP - 189-332 ST - Assessment of the Pacific cod stock in the Gulf of Alaska T2 - NPFMC Gulf of Alaska SAFE (Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation) [council draft] TI - Assessment of the Pacific cod stock in the Gulf of Alaska UR - https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/refm/stocks/plan_team/2017/GOApcod.pdf ID - 25485 ER - TY - MGZN AU - Zielinski, Sarah DA - September 1 PY - 2016 ST - Seven ways Alaska is seeing climate change in action T2 - Smithsonian.com TI - Seven ways Alaska is seeing climate change in action UR - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/seven-ways-alaska-seeing-climate-change-action-180956479/ ID - 25818 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Electricity generated by hydro power is the most widely used form of renewable energy, and as such, its vulnerability to climate change is of great interest. The aim of this work is to estimate the change in river discharge characteristics in the Alpine region due to possible impacts of climate and the related changes in the power generation of run-of-river hydro power plants up to 2050. Four representative bias-corrected climate simulations from the ENSEMBLES project are chosen based on the SRES greenhouse gas emission scenario pathway A1B. Data of these simulations serve as input for a lumped-parameter rainfall-runoff model at a monthly time step, which is calibrated on discharge data of gauging stations along important rivers in the Alpine region. A power plant model fed with runoff data generated by the hydrological model is used to compute changes in the long-term average annual net electrical energy output of hydro power plants for the whole Alpine region; while the model for Austria is based on known technical parameters of the power plants, a more simplified approach is employed elsewhere. The general warming trend observed in all four climate scenarios causes to various degrees a seasonal shift towards earlier runoff. However, more diverse changes in precipitation for the different climate scenarios and time periods result in diverging hydrological projections. Although the annual runoff is found to decrease in some scenarios, the generally observed shift of runoff towards the winter season that typically shows higher energy consumption in the Alpine region suggests that the overall impact for the electricity sector tends to be positive rather than negative. Estimated changes in the average annual electricity generation of run-of-river plants are generally found to be within a single-digit percentage range but can be either positive or negative depending on the climate scenario. The estimated ranges reflect the diversity (uncertainty) of the climate models; the total bandwidth of possible changes in the water availability and hydro power generation in the Alpine region up to 2050 is assumed to be even higher, because of other uncertainties in the model chain that are not explicitly considered here. Nevertheless, as the general regional trends and bandwidth of changes in runoff and hydro power production strongly depend on the future changes in precipitation, the results of this work provide reasonable orders of magnitude of expected changes and are seen as a first step towards an improved understanding of climate impacts on hydro power production within the entire Alpine region. AU - Wagner, T. AU - Themeßl, M. AU - Schüppel, A. AU - Gobiet, A. AU - Stigler, H. AU - Birk, S. DA - December 19 DO - 10.1007/s12665-016-6318-6 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1866-6299 SP - 4 ST - Impacts of climate change on stream flow and hydro power generation in the Alpine region T2 - Environmental Earth Sciences TI - Impacts of climate change on stream flow and hydro power generation in the Alpine region VL - 76 ID - 25819 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tompkins, Emma L. AU - Adger, W. Neil AU - Boyd, Emily AU - Nicholson-Cole, Sophie AU - Weatherhead, Keith AU - Arnell, Nigel DA - 2010/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.05.001 IS - 4 KW - Transition Adaptation Climate change Adaptive capacity Institutions PY - 2010 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 627-635 ST - Observed adaptation to climate change: UK evidence of transition to a well-adapting society T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Observed adaptation to climate change: UK evidence of transition to a well-adapting society VL - 20 ID - 25820 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We sampled shrub canopy volume (height times area) and environmental factors (soil wetness, soil depth of thaw, soil pH, mean July air temperature, and typical date of spring snow loss) on 471 plots across five National Park Service units in northern Alaska. Our goal was to determine the environments where tall shrubs thrive and use this information to predict the location of future shrub expansion. The study area covers over 80,000 km2 and has mostly tundra vegetation. Large canopy volumes were uncommon, with volumes over 0.5 m3/m2 present on just 8% of plots. Shrub canopy volumes were highest where mean July temperatures were above 10.5°C and on weakly acid to neutral soils (pH of 6 to 7) with deep summer thaw (>80 cm) and good drainage. On many sites, flooding helped maintain favorable soil conditions for shrub growth. Canopy volumes were highest where the typical snow loss date was near 20 May; these represent sites that are neither strongly wind-scoured in the winter nor late to melt from deep snowdrifts. Individual species varied widely in the canopy volumes they attained and their response to the environmental factors. Betula sp. shrubs were the most common and quite tolerant of soil acidity, cold July temperatures, and shallow thaw depths, but they did not form high-volume canopies under these conditions. Alnus viridis formed the largest canopies and was tolerant of soil acidity down to about pH 5, but required more summer warmth (over 12°C) than the other species. The Salix species varied widely from S. pulchra, tolerant of wet and moderately acid soils, to S. alaxensis, requiring well-drained soils with near neutral pH. Nearly half of the land area in ARCN has mean July temperatures of 10.5 to 12.5°C, where 2°C of warming would bring temperatures into the range needed for all of the potential tall shrub species to form large canopies. However, limitations in the other environmental factors would probably prevent the formation of large shrub canopies on at least half of the land area with newly favorable temperatures after 2°C of warming. AU - Swanson, David K. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0138387 IS - 9 PY - 2015 SP - e0138387 ST - Environmental limits of tall shrubs in Alaska’s Arctic national parks T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Environmental limits of tall shrubs in Alaska’s Arctic national parks VL - 10 ID - 25821 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pastick, Neal J. AU - Jorgenson, M. Torre AU - Goetz, Scott J. AU - Jones, Benjamin M. AU - Wylie, Bruce K. AU - Minsley, Bruke J. AU - Genet, Helene AU - Knight, Joseph F. AU - Swanson, David K. AU - Jorgenson, Janet C. DO - 10.1111/gcb.14279 PY - 2018 ST - Spatiotemporal remote sensing of ecosystem change and causation across Alaska T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Spatiotemporal remote sensing of ecosystem change and causation across Alaska ID - 25822 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A large body of research confirms that access to wildlife resources can reduce conditions of food insecurity and health related illness among Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Alaska. Yet the procurement of wildfoods depends on the ability of Aboriginal households to overcome a range of obstacles that impede such access. Utilizing a data set collected between 2007 and 2013, this paper identifies a range of barriers that Aboriginal households in Alaska (Gwich’in), Alberta (Cree), Nunavik (Inuit), and Nunatsiavut (Inuit) encounter in accessing wildfoods. The results demonstrate that the constraints experienced by Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Alaska in accessing wildfoods are experienced differently depending on region, community, age, gender, and the political environment in which wildlife harvesting occurs. These findings underscore the diversity of factors that can influence one’s access to wildlife resources, and one’s chance of being food insecure. It is hoped that the results of this research will lead to a more informed understanding of Aboriginal food security in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions of North America, and can contribute to more flexible policies that can account for the social, economic and political diversity in which Aboriginal food insecurity is experienced. AU - Natcher, David AU - Shirley, Shea AU - Rodon, Thierry AU - Southcott, Chris DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s12571-016-0619-1 IS - 6 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1876-4525 SP - 1153-1167 ST - Constraints to wildlife harvesting among aboriginal communities in Alaska and Canada T2 - Food Security TI - Constraints to wildlife harvesting among aboriginal communities in Alaska and Canada VL - 8 ID - 25823 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Local communities throughout the world are experiencing extensive social, cultural, economic, environmental, and climatic changes. Rather than passively accepting the effects of such changes, many communities are responding in various ways to take advantage of opportunities and to minimize negative impacts. We review examples from 13 cases around the world to identify patterns in how communities have been able to respond to change. Communities are able to respond by making changes in the time and location of activities, by using different species, by developing or using new technologies, and by organizing themselves internally or in networks. The possible responses a community can make on its own constitute the autonomous response space. When communities work with others to respond, they are in the collaborative response space. These findings suggest that assessments concerning climate and other forms of change should include local responses as a foundation for policy recommendations, recognizing that both autonomous and collaborative responses can contribute to adaptation. Policies designed to achieve adaptation or sustainability should consider ways to expand the autonomous response space, thus freeing local initiative, while also making the collaborative response space more cooperative, thus providing support to communities rather than imposing limitations. AU - Huntington, Henry P. AU - Begossi, Alpina AU - Fox Gearheard, Shari AU - Kersey, Beth AU - Loring, Philip A. AU - Mustonen, Tero AU - Paudel, Prakash K. AU - Silvano, Renato A. M. AU - Vave, Ron C7 - 9 IS - 3 KW - climate change environmental change management policy response space social-ecological systems PY - 2017 SP - 9 ST - How small communities respond to environmental change: Patterns from tropical to polar ecosystems T2 - Ecology and Society TI - How small communities respond to environmental change: Patterns from tropical to polar ecosystems UR - https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol22/iss3/art9/ VL - 22 ID - 25824 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gadamus, Lily AU - Raymond-Yakoubian, Julie AU - Ashenfelter, Roy AU - Ahmasuk, Austin AU - Metcalf, Vera AU - Noongwook, George DA - 2015/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.09.008 KW - Qualitative methods TEK Traditional ecological knowledge Environmental social science Marine mammals Climate change Habitat conservation PY - 2015 SN - 0308-597X SP - 116-124 ST - Building an indigenous evidence-base for tribally-led habitat conservation policies T2 - Marine Policy TI - Building an indigenous evidence-base for tribally-led habitat conservation policies VL - 62 ID - 25825 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frisch, L. C. AU - Mathis, J. T. AU - Kettle, N. P. AU - Trainor, S. F. DA - 2015/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.11.022 KW - Ocean acidification Public understanding Risk perception Alaska fisheries PY - 2015 SN - 0308-597X SP - 101-110 ST - Gauging perceptions of ocean acidification in Alaska T2 - Marine Policy TI - Gauging perceptions of ocean acidification in Alaska VL - 53 ID - 25826 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Druckenmiller, Matthew L. AU - Eicken, Hajo AU - George, J. C. “Craig” AU - Brower, Lewis DA - 2013/03/01 DO - 10.1080/1088937X.2012.724459 IS - 1-2 PY - 2013 SN - 1088-937X SP - 5-29 ST - Trails to the whale: Reflections of change and choice on an Iñupiat icescape at Barrow, Alaska T2 - Polar Geography TI - Trails to the whale: Reflections of change and choice on an Iñupiat icescape at Barrow, Alaska VL - 36 ID - 25827 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cherry, Jessica E. AU - Knapp, Corrie AU - Trainor, Sarah AU - Ray, Andrea J. AU - Tedesche, Molly AU - Walker, Susan DO - 10.5194/hess-21-133-2017 IS - 1 N1 - HESS PY - 2017 SN - 1607-7938 SP - 133-151 ST - Planning for climate change impacts on hydropower in the Far North T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences TI - Planning for climate change impacts on hydropower in the Far North VL - 21 ID - 25828 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chan, Hing Man AU - Fediuk, Karen AU - Hamilton, Sue AU - Rostas, Laura AU - Caughey, Amy AU - Kuhnlein, Harriet AU - Egeland, Grace AU - Loring, Eric DA - 2006/12/01 DO - 10.3402/ijch.v65i5.18132 IS - 5 PY - 2006 SN - null SP - 416-431 ST - Food security in Nunavut, Canada: Barriers and recommendations T2 - International Journal of Circumpolar Health TI - Food security in Nunavut, Canada: Barriers and recommendations VL - 65 ID - 25829 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bressler, Jonathan M. AU - Hennessy, Thomas W. DA - 2018/01/01 DO - 10.1080/22423982.2017.1421368 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - null SP - 1421368 ST - Results of an Arctic Council survey on water and sanitation services in the Arctic T2 - International Journal of Circumpolar Health TI - Results of an Arctic Council survey on water and sanitation services in the Arctic VL - 77 ID - 25830 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives: To identify and characterize the determinants of food insecurity among Inuit women. Methods: A community-based study in Igloolik, Nunavut, using semi-structured interviews (n=36) and focus groups (n=5) with Inuit women, and key informants interviews with health professionals (n=13). Results: There is a high prevalence of food insecurity among Inuit females in Igloolik, with women in the study reporting skipping meals and reducing food intake on a regular basis. Food insecurity is largely transitory in nature and influenced by food affordability and budgeting; food knowledge; education and preferences; food quality and availability; absence of a full-time hunter in the household; cost of harvesting; poverty; and addiction. These determinants are operating in the context of changing livelihoods and climate-related stresses. Conclusion: Inuit women’s food insecurity in Igloolik is the outcome of multiple determinants operating at different spatial-temporal scales. Climate change and external socio-economic stresses are exacerbating difficulties in obtaining sufficient food. Coping strategies currently utilized to manage food insecurity are largely reactive and short-term in nature, and could increase food system vulnerability to future stresses. Intervention by local, territorial and federal governments is required to implement, coordinate and monitor strategies to enhance women’s food security, strengthen the food system, and reduce vulnerability to future stressors. Key words: Food security; food insecurity; Inuit; women; Nunavut; climate change; social determinants of health AU - Beaumier, M. AU - Ford, J. D. DA - 2010-04-22 DO - 10.17269/cjph.101.1864 ET - 2010-05-01 IS - 3 KW - Food security, Inuit, women, Nunavut, climate change, socio-economic determinant PY - 2010 SN - 1920-7476 SP - 196-201 ST - Food insecurity among Inuit women exacerbated by socio-economic stresses and climate change T2 - Canadian Journal of Public Health TI - Food insecurity among Inuit women exacerbated by socio-economic stresses and climate change VL - 101 ID - 25831 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The circumpolar expansion of woody deciduous shrubs in arctic tundra alters key ecosystem properties including carbon balance and hydrology. However, landscape‐scale patterns and drivers of shrub expansion remain poorly understood, inhibiting accurate incorporation of shrub effects into climate models. Here, we use dendroecology to elucidate the role of soil moisture in modifying the relationship between climate and growth for a dominant deciduous shrub, Salix pulchra, on the North Slope of Alaska, USA. We improve upon previous modeling approaches by using ecological theory to guide model selection for the relationship between climate and shrub growth. Finally, we present novel dendroecology‐based estimates of shrub biomass change under a future climate regime, made possible by recently developed shrub allometry models. We find that S. pulchra growth has responded positively to mean June temperature over the past 2.5 decades at both a dry upland tundra site and an adjacent mesic riparian site. For the upland site, including a negative second‐order term in the climate–growth model significantly improved explanatory power, matching theoretical predictions of diminishing growth returns to increasing temperature. A first‐order linear model fit best at the riparian site, indicating consistent growth increases in response to sustained warming, possibly due to lack of temperature‐induced moisture limitation in mesic habitats. These contrasting results indicate that S. pulchra in mesic habitats may respond positively to a wider range of temperature increase than S. pulchra in dry habitats. Lastly, we estimate that a 2°C increase in current mean June temperature will yield a 19% increase in aboveground S. pulchra biomass at the upland site and a 36% increase at the riparian site. Our method of biomass estimation provides an important link toward incorporating dendroecology data into coupled vegetation and climate models. AU - Ackerman, Daniel AU - Griffin, Daniel AU - Hobbie, Sarah E. AU - Finlay, Jacques C. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13677 IS - 10 PY - 2017 SP - 4294-4302 ST - Arctic shrub growth trajectories differ across soil moisture levels T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Arctic shrub growth trajectories differ across soil moisture levels VL - 23 ID - 25832 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ADCCED CY - Anchorage, AK PB - Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development (ADCCED) PY - 2018 ST - Newtok Planning Group TI - Newtok Planning Group UR - https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dcra/planninglandmanagement/newtokplanninggroup.aspx ID - 25833 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kossover, Rachel PY - 2010 SP - 1 ST - Association between air quality and hospital visits—Fairbanks, 2003–2008 T2 - [State of Alaska] Epidemiology Bulletin TI - Association between air quality and hospital visits—Fairbanks, 2003–2008 UR - http://epibulletins.dhss.alaska.gov/Document/Display?DocumentId=175 VL - 26 ID - 25834 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yoder, Sarah IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - 69 ST - Assessment of the potential health impacts of climate change in Alaska T2 - [State of Alaska] Epidemiology Bulletin TI - Assessment of the potential health impacts of climate change in Alaska UR - http://www.epi.alaska.gov/bulletins/docs/rr2018_01.pdf VL - 20 ID - 25835 ER - TY - PRESS AU - ADF&G CY - Juneau DA - April 8 PB - Alaska Department of Fish and Game PY - 2013 ST - Department Teams with Kenai Natives to Enhance Kenai Moose Habitat TI - Department Teams with Kenai Natives to Enhance Kenai Moose Habitat UR - http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=pressreleases.pr04082013 ID - 25836 ER - TY - WEB AU - ANTHC-Climate and Health CY - Anchorage, AK PB - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortuim (ANTHC) PY - 2018 ST - Center for Climate & Heatlh TI - Center for Climate & Heatlh UR - https://anthc.org/what-we-do/community-environment-and-health/center-for-climate-and-health/ ID - 25837 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Petzet, Michael A2 - Ziesemer, John AU - Barr, Susan C4 - b069764f-7c7e-47af-abde-01cc9267e377 CY - Altenburg, Germany PB - E. Reinhold-Verlag PY - 2008 SP - 203-205 ST - The effects of climate change on cultural heritage in the polar regions T2 - Heritage at Risk: ICOMOS World Report 2006/2007 on Monuments and Sites in Danger TI - The effects of climate change on cultural heritage in the polar regions UR - https://www.icomos.org/risk/world_report/2006-2007/pdf/H@R_2006-2007_web.pdf ID - 25838 ER - TY - WEB AU - BioMap Alaska CY - Fairbanks PB - Alaska Center for Climate Assessment & Policy PY - 2012 ST - BioMap Alaska: Citizen Science for Alaska's Oceans [web site] TI - BioMap Alaska: Citizen Science for Alaska's Oceans [web site] UR - http://www.biomapalaska.org/ ID - 25839 ER - TY - WEB AU - CCHRC CY - Fairbanks, AK PY - 2018 ST - Cold Climate Housing Research Center [web site] TI - Cold Climate Housing Research Center [web site] UR - http://cchrc.org/programs ID - 25840 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Clark, Maureen CY - Alaska Region PB - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service PY - 2013 SN - Field Notes ST - Alaska Fire Management: From Hazard Fuel to Biofuel TI - Alaska Fire Management: From Hazard Fuel to Biofuel UR - https://www.fws.gov/FieldNotes/regmap.cfm?arskey=33746 ID - 25841 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Clement, Joel P. AU - Bengtson, John L. AU - Kelly, Brendan P. CY - Washington, DC PB - Interagency Working Group on Coordination of Domestic Energy Development and Permitting in Alaska PY - 2013 SP - 59 ST - Managing for the Future in a Rapidly Changing Arctic: A Report to the President TI - Managing for the Future in a Rapidly Changing Arctic: A Report to the President UR - https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/misc_pdf/iamreport.pdf ID - 25842 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham MD) AU - Conley, Heather A. AU - Pumphrey, David L. AU - Toland, Terence M. AU - David, Mihaela CY - Washington, DC N1 - ISBN: 978-1-4422-2487-2 (pb) 978-1-4422-2488-9 (eBook) PB - Center for Strategic & International Studies PY - 2013 RP - ISBN: 978-1-4422-2487-2 (pb) 978-1-4422-2488-9 (eBook) SP - 66 ST - Arctic Economics in the 21st Century: The Benefits and Costs of Cold TI - Arctic Economics in the 21st Century: The Benefits and Costs of Cold UR - https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/130710_Conley_ArcticEconomics_WEB.pdf ID - 25843 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOD CY - Washington, DC PB - Department of Defense PY - 2013 SP - 14 ST - Arctic Strategy TI - Arctic Strategy UR - https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2013_Arctic_Strategy.pdf ID - 25844 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Hollander, Zaz DA - July 13 PY - 2015 ST - Charges filed in destructive Willow-area Sockeye wildfire T2 - Anchorage Daily News TI - Charges filed in destructive Willow-area Sockeye wildfire UR - https://www.adn.com/mat-su/article/charges-filed-sockeye-fire-investigator-blames-escaped-burn-pile-not-fireworks/2015/07/13/ ID - 25845 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gambell Planning Organizations AU - Kawerak Community Planning and Development CY - Nome, AK PB - Kawerak, Inc. PY - 2012 SP - 116 ST - Gambell Local Economic Development Plan 2012-2017 TI - Gambell Local Economic Development Plan 2012-2017 UR - http://kawerak.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/gambell.pdf ID - 25846 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kinsman, Nicole E.M. AU - DeRaps, Meagan R CY - Fairbanks DO - 10.14509/24484 PB - Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys PY - 2012 SN - Report of Investigation 2012-2, v. 1.1 SP - 51 ST - Coastal Hazard Field Investigations in Response to the November 2011 Bering Sea Storm, Norton Sound, Alaska TI - Coastal Hazard Field Investigations in Response to the November 2011 Bering Sea Storm, Norton Sound, Alaska ID - 25848 ER - TY - WEB AU - Luick, Bret CY - Fairbanks PB - University of Alaska Cooperative Extension Service PY - 2018 ST - Alaska Food Cost Survey [web tool] TI - Alaska Food Cost Survey [web tool] UR - https://www.uaf.edu/ces/hhfd/fcs/ ID - 25849 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Meeker, Danielle AU - Kettle, Nathan CY - Fairbanks PB - Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy PY - 2017 SP - 28 ST - A Synthesis of Climate Adaptation Planning Needs in Alaska Native Communities TI - A Synthesis of Climate Adaptation Planning Needs in Alaska Native Communities UR - https://accap.uaf.edu/Tribal_synthesis ID - 25850 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Miller, Matthew DA - August 4 PY - 2014 ST - Report: Alaska tourists may shift to new areas because of climate change T2 - KTOO Public Media TI - Report: Alaska tourists may shift to new areas because of climate change UR - https://www.ktoo.org/2014/08/04/report-alaska-tourists-may-shift-new-areas-climate-change/ ID - 25851 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA PY - [2016] ST - National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program TI - National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program UR - https://www.weather.gov/coop/ ID - 25852 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NOAA CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2014 SP - 30 ST - NOAA's Arctic Action Plan—Supporting the National Strategy for the Arctic Region TI - NOAA's Arctic Action Plan—Supporting the National Strategy for the Arctic Region UR - https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/misc_pdf/noaaarcticactionplan2014.pdf ID - 25853 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Rosen, Yereth DA - February 19 PY - 2017 ST - Eklutna Glacier, a source of Anchorage drinking water, is disappearing drip by drip T2 - Anchorage Daily News TI - Eklutna Glacier, a source of Anchorage drinking water, is disappearing drip by drip UR - https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/environment/2017/02/19/eklutna-glacier-source-of-anchorages-water-is-dripping-away-but-oh-so-slowly/ ID - 25854 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USACE CY - JBER, AK PB - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District PY - 2006 SP - 44 ST - Alaska Village Erosion Technical Assistance Program: An Examination of Erosion Issues in the Communities of Bethel, Dillingham, Kaktovik, Kivalina, Newtok, Shishmaref, and Unalakleet TI - Alaska Village Erosion Technical Assistance Program: An Examination of Erosion Issues in the Communities of Bethel, Dillingham, Kaktovik, Kivalina, Newtok, Shishmaref, and Unalakleet UR - http://66.160.145.48/coms/cli/AVETA_Report.pdf ID - 25855 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Arctic Research Commission CY - Arlington, VA and Anchorage, AK PB - U.S. Arctic Research Commission PY - 2013 SP - 24 ST - Report on the Goals and Objectives for Arctic Research 2013-2014 TI - Report on the Goals and Objectives for Arctic Research 2013-2014 UR - https://storage.googleapis.com/arcticgov-static/publications/goals/usarc_goals_2013-14.pdf ID - 25856 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Warren, F.J. AU - Lemmen, D.S. CY - Ottawa, ON PB - Government of Canada PY - 2014 SP - 286 ST - Canada in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on Impacts and Adaptation TI - Canada in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on Impacts and Adaptation UR - http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/environment/resources/publications/impacts-adaptation/reports/assessments/2014/16309 ID - 25857 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Trainor, Sarah F. AU - Abruitina, Larisa AU - Chapin III, F. Stuart AU - Chaschin, Valery AU - Cunsolo, Ashlee AU - Driscoll, David AU - Ford, James AU - Harper, Sherilee AU - Hartig, Lawrence AU - Kettle, Nathan AU - Klepikov, Alexander AU - Kofinas, Gary AU - Lemmen, Donald AU - Loring, Philip AU - Muir, Magdalena AU - Nikitina, Elena AU - Pearce, Tristan AU - Perrin, Alison AU - Poussenkova, Nina AU - Pozhilova, Natalia AU - Preston, Benjamin AU - Tangen, Stefan AU - Valeeva, Vilena C4 - f3fa0761-8412-46f5-9da4-b9b467bd8521 CY - Oslo, Norway PB - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program PY - 2017 SP - 177-216 ST - Adaptation T2 - Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic: Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Region TI - Adaptation ID - 26543 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Associated Press DA - October 12 PY - 2017 ST - Shifting permafrost threatens Alaska village's new airport T2 - CBC News TI - Shifting permafrost threatens Alaska village's new airport UR - https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/shifting-permafrost-alaska-airport-bethel-1.4351497 ID - 26544 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change has contributed to increasing temperatures, earlier snowmelts and thinning ice packs in the Arctic, where crossing frozen bodies of water is essential for transportation and subsistence living. In some Arctic communities, anecdotal reports indicate a growing belief that falling-through-the-ice (FTI) are increasing. The objective of this study was to describe the morbidity and mortality associated with unintentional FTIs in Alaska.MethodsWe searched newspaper reports to identify FTI events from 1990 to 2010. We also used data from a trauma registry, occupational health and law enforcement registries and vital statistics to supplement the newspaper reports. Morbidity and mortality rates were calculated for Alaska Native (AN) people and all Alaskans.ResultsDuring the 21-year period, we identified 307 events, affecting at least 449 people. Events ranged from no morbidity to fatalities of five people. More than half of the events involved transportation by snow machine. Mortality rates were markedly higher for AN people than that for all Alaskans.ConclusionsWe provide a numeric estimate of the importance of FTI events in Alaska. FTIs may represent an adverse health outcome related to climate changes in the Arctic, and may be particularly critical for vulnerable populations such as AN people. AU - Fleischer, N. L. AU - Melstrom, P. AU - Yard, E. AU - Brubaker, M. AU - Thomas, T. DO - 10.1093/pubmed/fdt081 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SN - 1741-3842 SP - 235-242 ST - The epidemiology of falling-through-the-ice in Alaska, 1990–2010 T2 - Journal of Public Health TI - The epidemiology of falling-through-the-ice in Alaska, 1990–2010 VL - 36 ID - 26545 ER - TY - THES A3 - Currey, Robin AU - Skean, Vanessa W. CY - Poultney VT PB - Green Mountain College PY - 2016 SP - 52 ST - Climate Change Adaptation Actions and Food Security in Rural Alaska TI - Climate Change Adaptation Actions and Food Security in Rural Alaska UR - http://thesis.greenmtn.edu/MSFS_Thesis/Skean_Vanessa-Climate_change_adaptation_actions_and_food_security-MSFS_2017.pdf VL - Master of Science in Sustainable Food Systems ID - 26546 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Leffingwell, E., de K. CY - Washington, DC PB - U. S. Geological Survey PY - 1919 SN - USGS Professional paper 109 SP - 251 ST - Canning River Region of Northern Alaska TI - Canning River Region of Northern Alaska UR - https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0109/report.pdf ID - 26547 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Adaptation Advisory Group PB - Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation PY - 2010 SP - various ST - Alaska's Climate Change Strategy: Addressing Impacts in Alaska. Final Report Submitted by the Adaptation Advisory Group to the Alaska Climate Change Sub-Cabinet TI - Alaska's Climate Change Strategy: Addressing Impacts in Alaska. Final Report Submitted by the Adaptation Advisory Group to the Alaska Climate Change Sub-Cabinet UR - http://dev.cakex.org/sites/default/files/Alaska.pdf ID - 26548 ER - TY - WEB AU - ANTHC-Newsletters CY - Anchorage, AK PB - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortuim (ANTHC) PY - 2018 ST - Newsletters: Northern Climate Observer TI - Newsletters: Northern Climate Observer UR - https://www.leonetwork.org/en/newsletters ID - 26549 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Executive Office of the President CY - Washington, DC PB - The [Obama] White House PY - 2013 SP - 11 ST - National Strategy for the Arctic Region TI - National Strategy for the Arctic Region UR - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/nat_arctic_strategy.pdf ID - 26550 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCEI CY - Asheville, NC PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) PY - 2018 ST - Climate at a Glance. Statewide Time Series: Alaska Average Temperature, 1925–2016 [web tool] TI - Climate at a Glance. Statewide Time Series: Alaska Average Temperature, 1925–2016 [web tool] UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/statewide/time-series/50/tavg/12/12/1925-2016?base_prd=true&firstbaseyear=1925&lastbaseyear=2000 ID - 26727 ER - TY - PCOMM AU - Campbell, Iver ST - (Bering Sea Sub-Network), Personal communication with author, March 16, 2018 TI - (Bering Sea Sub-Network), Personal communication with author, March 16, 2018 UR - http://www.bssn.net/ ID - 26728 ER - TY - WEB AU - NWS M1 - October PB - NOAA National Weather Service PY - 2017 ST - NWS Forecast Office: Anchorage, AK TI - NWS Forecast Office: Anchorage, AK UR - http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pafc ID - 26729 ER -