TY - JOUR AB - OBJECTIVES: Many public health adaptation strategies have been identified in response to climate change. This report reviews current literature on health co-benefits and risks of these strategies to gain a better understanding of how they may affect health. METHODS: A literature review was conducted electronically using English language literature from January 2000 to March 2012. Of 812 articles identified, 22 peer-reviewed articles that directly addressed health co-benefits or risks of adaptation were included in the review. RESULTS: The co-benefits and risks identified in the literature most commonly relate to improvements in health associated with adaptation actions that affect social capital and urban design. Health co-benefits of improvements in social capital have positive influences on mental health, independently of other determinants. Risks included reinforcing existing misconceptions regarding health. Health co-benefits of urban design strategies included reduced obesity, cardiovascular disease and improved mental health through increased physical activity, cooling spaces (e.g., shaded areas), and social connectivity. Risks included pollen allergies with increased urban green space, and adverse health effects from heat events through the use of air conditioning. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the current limited understanding of the full impacts of the wide range of existing climate change adaptation strategies, further research should focus on both unintended positive and negative consequences of public health adaptation. AD - Public Health and Preventive Medicine Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC2C2, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada. june.cheng@medportal.ca AN - 23111371 AU - Cheng, J. J. AU - Berry, P. C2 - 3607711 C6 - NIEHS DA - Apr DB - DO - 10.1007/s00038-012-0422-5 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2012/11/01 IS - 2 KW - Adaptation, Physiological Climate Change Humans Public Health Risk Factors LA - eng N1 - Cheng, June J Berry, Peter Review Switzerland Int J Public Health. 2013 Apr;58(2):305-11. doi: 10.1007/s00038-012-0422-5. Epub 2012 Oct 31. PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique SN - 1661-8564 (Electronic) 1661-8556 (Linking) SP - 305-311 ST - Health co-benefits and risks of public health adaptation strategies to climate change: A review of current literature T2 - International Journal of Public Health TI - Health co-benefits and risks of public health adaptation strategies to climate change: A review of current literature VL - 58 ID - 4223 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Knowlton, K. AU - Rotkin-Ellman, M. AU - Geballe, L. AU - Max, W. AU - Solomon, G.M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0229 IS - 11 PY - 2011 SN - 0278-2715 SP - 2167-2176 ST - Six climate change-related events in the United States accounted for about $14 billion in lost lives and health costs T2 - Health Affairs TI - Six climate change-related events in the United States accounted for about $14 billion in lost lives and health costs VL - 30 ID - 14095 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lloyd, S.J. AU - Kovats, R.S. AU - Chalabi, Z. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.1003311 IS - 12 PY - 2011 SP - 1817-1823 ST - Climate change, crop yields, and undernutrition: Development of a model to quantify the impact of climate scenarios on child undernutrition T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Climate change, crop yields, and undernutrition: Development of a model to quantify the impact of climate scenarios on child undernutrition VL - 119 ID - 14282 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fann, Neal AU - Nolte, Christopher G. AU - Dolwick, Patrick AU - Spero, Tanya L. AU - Curry Brown, Amanda AU - Phillips, Sharon AU - Anenberg, Susan DO - 10.1080/10962247.2014.996270 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SN - 1096-2247 2162-2906 SP - 570-580 ST - The geographic distribution and economic value of climate change-related ozone health impacts in the United States in 2030 T2 - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association TI - The geographic distribution and economic value of climate change-related ozone health impacts in the United States in 2030 VL - 65 ID - 16106 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Loladze, Irakli DO - 10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02587-9 IS - 10 N1 - Ch6 PY - 2002 SN - 01695347 SP - 457-461 ST - Rising atmospheric CO2 and human nutrition: Toward globally imbalanced plant stoichiometry? T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution TI - Rising atmospheric CO2 and human nutrition: Toward globally imbalanced plant stoichiometry? VL - 17 ID - 16202 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Medina, Angel AU - Rodriguez, Alicia AU - Magan, Naresh DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00348 IS - 348 N1 - Ch6 PY - 2014 SN - 1664-302X ST - Effect of climate change on Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 production T2 - Frontiers in Microbiology TI - Effect of climate change on Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 production VL - 5 ID - 16206 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Teisberg, Thomas J. AU - Kalkstein, Laurence S. AU - Robinson, Lawrence AU - Weiher, Rodney F. DO - 10.1175/bams-85-8-1067 IS - 8 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2004 SN - 0003-0007 1520-0477 SP - 1067-1073 ST - Heat watch/warning systems save lives: Estimated costs and benefits for Philadelphia 1995–98 T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Heat watch/warning systems save lives: Estimated costs and benefits for Philadelphia 1995–98 VL - 85 ID - 17593 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Graff Zivin, Joshua AU - Neidell, Matthew DO - 10.1086/671766 IS - 1 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2014 SN - 0734306X 15375307 SP - 1-26 ST - Temperature and the allocation of time: Implications for climate change T2 - Journal of Labor Economics TI - Temperature and the allocation of time: Implications for climate change VL - 32 ID - 17597 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Akil, Luma AU - Ahmad, H. Anwar AU - Reddy, Remata S. DO - 10.1089/fpd.2014.1802 IS - 12 N1 - Ch6 PY - 2014 SN - 1535-3141 1556-7125 SP - 974-980 ST - Effects of climate change on Salmonella infections T2 - Foodborne Pathogens and Disease TI - Effects of climate change on Salmonella infections VL - 11 ID - 17623 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Smith, K. R. AU - Woodward, A. AU - Campbell-Lendrum, D. AU - Chadee, D. D. AU - Honda, Y. AU - Liu, Q. AU - Olwoch, J. M. AU - Revich, B. AU - Sauerborn, R. C4 - 500f3756-66d0-4ff2-be29-5d3dab373b30 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 11 SP - 709-754 ST - Human health: Impacts, adaptation, and co-benefits T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Human health: Impacts, adaptation, and co-benefits UR - http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ ID - 17668 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jacobs, J. AU - Moore, S.K. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - Sun, L. DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2015.03.002 PY - 2015 SP - 16-27 ST - A framework for examining climate-driven changes to the seasonality and geographical range of coastal pathogens and harmful algae T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - A framework for examining climate-driven changes to the seasonality and geographical range of coastal pathogens and harmful algae VL - 8 ID - 18814 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dunne, John P. AU - Stouffer, Ronald J. AU - John, Jasmin G. DO - 10.1038/nclimate1827 PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X 1758-6798 SP - 563-566 ST - Reductions in labour capacity from heat stress under climate warming T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Reductions in labour capacity from heat stress under climate warming VL - 3 ID - 18846 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jagai, J.S. AU - Li, Quanlin AU - Wang, Shiliang AU - Messier, K.P. AU - Wade, Timothy J. AU - Hilborn, Elizabeth D. DO - 10.1289/ehp.1408971 IS - 9 PY - 2015 SP - 873-879 ST - Extreme precipitation and emergency room visits for gastrointestinal illness in areas with and without combined sewer systems: An analysis of Massachusetts data, 2003-2007 T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Extreme precipitation and emergency room visits for gastrointestinal illness in areas with and without combined sewer systems: An analysis of Massachusetts data, 2003-2007 VL - 123 ID - 19179 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Guenther, Robin AU - Balbus, John PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services PY - 2014 ST - Primary Protection: Enhancing Health Care Resilience for a Changing Climate TI - Primary Protection: Enhancing Health Care Resilience for a Changing Climate UR - https://toolkit.climate.gov/sites/default/files/SCRHCFI%20Best%20Practices%20Report%20final2%202014%20Web.pdf ID - 19365 ER - TY - BOOK A3 - Crimmins, Allison A2 - Balbus, John A2 - Gamble, Janet L. A2 - Beard, Charles B. A2 - Bell, Jesse E. A2 - Dodgen, Daniel A2 - Eisen, Rebecca J. A2 - Fann, Neal A2 - Hawkins, Michelle D. A2 - Herring, Stephanie C. A2 - Jantarasami, Lesley A2 - Mills, David M. A2 - Saha, Shubhayu A2 - Sarofim, Marcus C. A2 - Trtanj, Juli A2 - Ziska, Lewis AU - USGCRP C4 - f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0R49NQX PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 312 ST - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment ID - 19368 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Balbus, John AU - Crimmins, Allison AU - Gamble, Janet L. AU - Easterling, David R. AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Sarofim, Marcus C. C4 - 6b118a80-8335-4c02-91cf-762c8bb14301 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0VX0DFW PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 25–42 ST - Ch. 1: Introduction: Climate change and human health T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 1: Introduction: Climate change and human health ID - 19373 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Sarofim, Marcus C. AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Hawkins, Michelle D. AU - Mills, David M. AU - Hess, Jeremy AU - Horton, Radley AU - Kinney, Patrick AU - Schwartz, Joel AU - St. Juliana, Alexis C4 - 1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0MG7MDX PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 43–68 ST - Ch. 2: Temperature-related death and illness T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 2: Temperature-related death and illness ID - 19374 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Bell, Jesse E. AU - Herring, Stephanie C. AU - Jantarasami, Lesley AU - Adrianopoli, Carl AU - Benedict, Kaitlin AU - Conlon, Kathryn AU - Escobar, Vanessa AU - Hess, Jeremy AU - Luvall, Jeffrey AU - Garcia-Pando, Carlos Perez AU - Quattrochi, Dale AU - Runkle, Jennifer AU - Schreck, Carl J., III C4 - 0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0BZ63ZV PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 99–128 ST - Ch. 4: Impacts of extreme events on human health T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 4: Impacts of extreme events on human health ID - 19376 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Beard, Charles B. AU - Eisen, Rebecca J. AU - Barker, Christopher M. AU - Garofalo, Jada F. AU - Hahn, Micah AU - Hayden, Mary AU - Monaghan, Andrew J. AU - Ogden, Nicholas H. AU - Schramm, Paul J. C4 - dbfb7cd9-7c82-43ea-a4e2-9e2eb0b851fd CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0765C7V PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 129–156 ST - Ch. 5: Vector-borne diseases T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 5: Vector-borne diseases ID - 19377 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Trtanj, Juli AU - Jantarasami, Lesley AU - Brunkard, Joan AU - Collier, Tracy AU - Jacobs, John AU - Lipp, Erin AU - McLellan, Sandra AU - Moore, Stephanie AU - Paerl, Hans AU - Ravenscroft, John AU - Sengco, Mario AU - Thurston, Jeanette C4 - d4ed906f-cc7b-422c-aef1-96a1b1d5c80f CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J03F4MH4 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 157–188 ST - Ch. 6: Climate impacts on water-related illness T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 6: Climate impacts on water-related illness ID - 19378 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Ziska, Lewis AU - Crimmins, Allison AU - Auclair, Allan AU - DeGrasse, Stacey AU - Garofalo, Jada F. AU - Khan, Ali S. AU - Loladze, Irakli AU - Pérez de León, Adalberto A. AU - Showler, Allan AU - Thurston, Jeanette AU - Walls, Isabel C4 - 1ef11bf5-fb98-4f4f-905d-4990936ef52f CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0ZP4417 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 189–216 ST - Ch. 7: Food safety, nutrition, and distribution T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 7: Food safety, nutrition, and distribution ID - 19379 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Dodgen, Daniel AU - Donato, Darrin AU - Kelly, Nancy AU - La Greca, Annette AU - Morganstein, Joshua AU - Reser, Joseph AU - Ruzek, Josef AU - Schweitzer, Shulamit AU - Shimamoto, Mark M. AU - Thigpen Tart, Kimberly AU - Ursano, Robert C4 - 6b22a163-b918-48bf-993f-32e61712a455 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0TX3C9H PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 217–246 ST - Ch. 8: Mental health and well-being T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 8: Mental health and well-being ID - 19380 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Gamble, Janet L. AU - Balbus, John AU - Berger, Martha AU - Bouye, Karen AU - Campbell, Vince AU - Chief, Karletta AU - Conlon, Kathryn AU - Crimmins, Allison AU - Flanagan, Barry AU - Gonzalez-Maddux, Cristina AU - Hallisey, Elaine AU - Hutchins, Sonja AU - Jantarasami, Lesley AU - Khoury, Samar AU - Kiefer, Max AU - Kolling, Jessica AU - Lynn, Kathy AU - Manangan, Arie AU - McDonald, Marian AU - Morello-Frosch, Rachel AU - Redsteer, Margaret Hiza AU - Sheffield, Perry AU - Thigpen Tart, Kimberly AU - Watson, Joanna AU - Whyte, Kyle Powys AU - Wolkin, Amy Funk C4 - c76d7935-9da3-4c4b-9186-86dc658bcc74 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0Q81B0T PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 247–286 ST - Ch. 9: Populations of concern T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 9: Populations of concern ID - 19381 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Using ensembles from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) under a high and a lower emission scenarios, we investigate changes in statistics of extreme daily temperature. The ensembles provide large samples for a robust application of extreme value theory. We estimate return values and return periods for annual maxima of the daily high and low temperatures as well as the 3-day averages of the same variables in current and future climate. Results indicate statistically significant increases (compared to the reference period of 1996–2005) in extreme temperatures over all land areas as early as 2025 under both scenarios, with statistically significant differences between them becoming pervasive over the globe by 2050. The substantially smaller changes, for all indices, produced under the lower emission case translate into sizeable benefits from emission mitigation: By 2075, in terms of reduced changes in 1-day heat extremes, about 95 % of land regions would see benefits of 1 °C or more under the lower emissions scenario, and 50 % or more of the land areas would benefit by at least 2 °C. 6 % of the land area would benefit by 3 °C or more in projected extreme minimum temperatures and 13 % would benefit by this amount for extreme maximum temperature. Benefits for 3-day metrics are similar. The future frequency of current extremes is also greatly reduced by mitigation: by the end of the century, under RCP8.5 more than half the land area experiences the current 20-year events every year while only between about 10 and 25 % of the area is affected by such severe changes under RCP4.5. AU - Tebaldi, Claudia AU - Wehner, Michael F. DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1605-5 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 1-13 ST - Benefits of mitigation for future heat extremes under RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5 T2 - Climatic Change TI - Benefits of mitigation for future heat extremes under RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5 VL - First online ID - 20060 ER - TY - JOUR AB - OBJECTIVES: We examined how individual and area socio-demographic characteristics independently modified the extreme heat (EH)-mortality association among elderly residents of 8 Michigan cities, May-September, 1990-2007. METHODS: In a time-stratified case-crossover design, we regressed cause-specific mortality against EH (indicator for 4-day mean, minimum, maximum or apparent temperature above 97th or 99th percentiles). We examined effect modification with interactions between EH and personal marital status, age, race, sex and education and ZIP-code percent “non-green space” (National Land Cover Dataset), age, race, income, education, living alone, and housing age (U.S. Census). RESULTS: In models including multiple effect modifiers, the odds of cardiovascular mortality during EH (99(th) percentile threshold) vs. non-EH were higher among non-married individuals (1.21, 95% CI = 1.14-1.28 vs. 0.98, 95% CI = 0.90-1.07 among married individuals) and individuals in ZIP codes with high (91%) non-green space (1.17, 95% CI = 1.06-1.29 vs. 0.98, 95% CI = 0.89-1.07 among individuals in ZIP codes with low (39%) non-green space). Results suggested that housing age may also be an effect modifier. For the EH-respiratory mortality association, the results were inconsistent between temperature metrics and percentile thresholds of EH but largely insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Green space, housing and social isolation may independently enhance elderly peoples’ heat-related cardiovascular mortality vulnerability. Local adaptation efforts should target areas and populations at greater risk. AU - Gronlund, Carina J. AU - Berrocal, Veronica J. AU - White-Newsome, Jalonne L. AU - Conlon, Kathryn C. AU - O'Neill, Marie S. DA - 11/25 DB - PMC DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.042 PY - 2015 SN - 0013-9351 1096-0953 SP - 449-461 ST - Vulnerability to extreme heat by socio-demographic characteristics and area green space among the elderly in Michigan, 1990-2007 T2 - Environmental Research TI - Vulnerability to extreme heat by socio-demographic characteristics and area green space among the elderly in Michigan, 1990-2007 VL - 136 ID - 21133 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Norton-Smith, Kathryn AU - Lynn, Kathy AU - Chief, Karletta AU - Cozzetto, Karen AU - Donatuto, Jamie AU - Redsteer, Margaret Hiza AU - Kruger, Linda E. AU - Maldonado, Julie AU - Viles, Carson AU - Whyte, Kyle P. CY - Portland, OR NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-944 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station PY - 2016 SP - 136 ST - Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples: A Synthesis of Current Impacts and Experiences TI - Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples: A Synthesis of Current Impacts and Experiences UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/53156 ID - 21324 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC NV - EPA 430‐R‐17‐001 PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2017 SP - 271 ST - Multi-Model Framework for Quantitative Sectoral Impacts Analysis: A Technical Report for the Fourth National Climate Assessment TI - Multi-Model Framework for Quantitative Sectoral Impacts Analysis: A Technical Report for the Fourth National Climate Assessment UR - https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_Report.cfm?dirEntryId=335095 ID - 21365 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Houser, Trevor AU - Kopp, Robert AU - Hsiang, Solomon AU - Delgado, Michael AU - Jina, Amir AU - Larsen, Kate AU - Mastrandrea, Michael AU - Mohan, Shashank AU - Muir-Wood, Robert AU - Rasmussen, DJ AU - Rising, James AU - Wilson, Paul CY - New York, NY PB - Rhodium Group PY - 2014 SP - 201 ST - American Climate Prospectus: Economic Risks in the United States T2 - Working Paper Series TI - American Climate Prospectus: Economic Risks in the United States UR - https://gspp.berkeley.edu/assets/uploads/research/pdf/American_Climate_Prospectus.pdf ID - 21430 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chapra, Steven C. AU - Boehlert, Brent AU - Fant, Charles AU - Bierman, Victor J. AU - Henderson, Jim AU - Mills, David AU - Mas, Diane M. L. AU - Rennels, Lisa AU - Jantarasami, Lesley AU - Martinich, Jeremy AU - Strzepek, Kenneth M. AU - Paerl, Hans W. DA - 2017/08/15 DO - 10.1021/acs.est.7b01498 IS - 16 PY - 2017 SN - 0013-936X SP - 8933-8943 ST - Climate change impacts on harmful algal blooms in U.S. freshwaters: A screening-level assessment T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Climate change impacts on harmful algal blooms in U.S. freshwaters: A screening-level assessment VL - 51 ID - 21473 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - USGCRP CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0J964J6 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SP - 470 ST - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I ID - 21557 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Soneja, Sutyajeet AU - Jiang, Chengsheng AU - Romeo Upperman, Crystal AU - Murtugudde, Raghu AU - S. Mitchell, Clifford AU - Blythe, David AU - Sapkota, Amy R. AU - Sapkota, Amir DA - 2016/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.021 KW - Campylobacteriosis Climate change Coastal vulnerability El Niño La Niña PY - 2016 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 216-221 ST - Extreme precipitation events and increased risk of campylobacteriosis in Maryland, U.S.A T2 - Environmental Research TI - Extreme precipitation events and increased risk of campylobacteriosis in Maryland, U.S.A VL - 149 ID - 21707 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Estuaries are productive and ecologically important ecosystems, incorporating environmental drivers from watersheds, rivers, and the coastal ocean. Climate change has potential to modify the physical properties of estuaries, with impacts on resident organisms. However, projections from general circulation models (GCMs) are generally too coarse to resolve important estuarine processes. Here, we statistically downscaled near-surface air temperature and precipitation projections to the scale of the Chesapeake Bay watershed and estuary. These variables were linked to Susquehanna River streamflow using a water balance model and finally to spatially resolved Chesapeake Bay surface temperature and salinity using statistical model trees. The low computational cost of this approach allowed rapid assessment of projected changes from four GCMs spanning a range of potential futures under a high CO2 emission scenario, for four different downscaling methods. Choice of GCM contributed strongly to the spread in projections, but choice of downscaling method was also influential in the warmest models. Models projected a ~2–5.5 °C increase in surface water temperatures in the Chesapeake Bay by the end of the century. Projections of salinity were more uncertain and spatially complex. Models showing increases in winter-spring streamflow generated freshening in the Upper Bay and tributaries, while models with decreased streamflow produced salinity increases. Changes to the Chesapeake Bay environment have implications for fish and invertebrate habitats, as well as migration, spawning phenology, recruitment, and occurrence of pathogens. Our results underline a potentially expanded role of statistical downscaling to complement dynamical approaches in assessing climate change impacts in dynamically challenging estuaries. AU - Muhling, Barbara A. AU - Gaitán, Carlos F. AU - Stock, Charles A. AU - Saba, Vincent S. AU - Tommasi, Desiree AU - Dixon, Keith W. DA - July 05 DO - 10.1007/s12237-017-0280-8 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1559-2731 ST - Potential salinity and temperature futures for the Chesapeake Bay using a statistical downscaling spatial disaggregation framework T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - Potential salinity and temperature futures for the Chesapeake Bay using a statistical downscaling spatial disaggregation framework ID - 21727 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jiang, Chengsheng AU - Shaw, Kristi S. AU - Upperman, Crystal R. AU - Blythe, David AU - Mitchell, Clifford AU - Murtugudde, Raghu AU - Sapkota, Amy R. AU - Sapkota, Amir DA - 2015/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.006 KW - Climate change Salmonellosis Coastal vulnerability El Niño La Niña PY - 2015 SN - 0160-4120 SP - 58-62 ST - Climate change, extreme events and increased risk of salmonellosis in Maryland, USA: Evidence for coastal vulnerability T2 - Environment International TI - Climate change, extreme events and increased risk of salmonellosis in Maryland, USA: Evidence for coastal vulnerability VL - 83 ID - 21766 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Extreme heat (EH) is a growing concern with climate change, and protecting human health requires knowledge of vulnerability factors. We evaluated whether associations between EH (maximum temperature > 97th percentile) and hospitalization for renal, heat and respiratory diseases among people > 65 years differed by individual and area-level characteristics. We used Medicare billing records, airport weather data, U.S. Census data and satellite land cover imagery in 109 US cities, May-September, 1992-2006, in a time-stratified case-crossover design. Interaction terms between EH and individual (> 78 years, black race, sex) and home ZIP-code (percentages of non-green space, high school education, housing built before 1940) characteristics were incorporated in a single model. Next, we pooled city-specific effect estimates or regressed them on quartiles of air conditioning prevalence (ACP) in a multivariate random effects meta-analysis. EH and combined renal/heat/respiratory hospitalization associations were stronger among blacks, the very old, in ZIP codes with lower educational attainment or older housing and in cities with lower ACP. For example, for EH versus non-heat days, we found a 15% (95% CI 11%-19%) increase in renal/heat/respiratory hospitalizations among individuals in ZIP codes with higher percent of older homes in contrast to a 9% (95% CI 6%-12%) increase in hospitalizations in ZIP codes with lower percent older homes. Vulnerability to EH-associated hospitalization may be influenced by age, educational attainment, housing age and ACP. AU - Gronlund, Carina J. AU - Zanobetti, Antonella AU - Wellenius, Gregory A. AU - Schwartz, Joel D. AU - O’Neill, Marie S. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1638-9 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 631-645 ST - Vulnerability to renal, heat and respiratory hospitalizations during extreme heat among U.S. elderly T2 - Climatic Change TI - Vulnerability to renal, heat and respiratory hospitalizations during extreme heat among U.S. elderly VL - 136 ID - 21820 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Importance  Heat exposure is known to have a complex set of physiological effects on multiple organ systems, but current understanding of the health effects is mostly based on studies investigating a small number of prespecified health outcomes such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.Objectives  To identify possible causes of hospital admissions during extreme heat events and to estimate their risks using historical data.Design, Setting, and Population  Matched analysis of time series data describing daily hospital admissions of Medicare enrollees (23.7 million fee-for-service beneficiaries [aged ≥65 years] per year; 85% of all Medicare enrollees) for the period 1999 to 2010 in 1943 counties in the United States with at least 5 summers of near-complete (>95%) daily temperature data.Exposures  Heat wave periods, defined as 2 or more consecutive days with temperatures exceeding the 99th percentile of county-specific daily temperatures, matched to non–heat wave periods by county and week.Main Outcomes and Measures  Daily cause-specific hospitalization rates by principal discharge diagnosis codes, grouped into 283 disease categories using a validated approach.Results  Risks of hospitalization for fluid and electrolyte disorders, renal failure, urinary tract infection, septicemia, and heat stroke were statistically significantly higher on heat wave days relative to matched non–heat wave days, but risk of hospitalization for congestive heart failure was lower (P < .05). Relative risks for these disease groups were 1.18 (95% CI, 1.12-1.25) for fluid and electrolyte disorders, 1.14 (95% CI, 1.06-1.23) for renal failure, 1.10 (95% CI, 1.04-1.16) for urinary tract infections, 1.06 (95% CI, 1.00-1.11) for septicemia, and 2.54 (95% CI, 2.14-3.01) for heat stroke. Absolute risk differences were 0.34 (95% CI, 0.22-0.46) excess admissions per 100 000 individuals at risk for fluid and electrolyte disorders, 0.25 (95% CI, 0.12-0.39) for renal failure, 0.24 (95% CI, 0.09-0.39) for urinary tract infections, 0.21 (95% CI, 0.01-0.41) for septicemia, and 0.16 (95% CI, 0.10-0.22) for heat stroke. For fluid and electrolyte disorders and heat stroke, the risk of hospitalization increased during more intense and longer-lasting heat wave periods (P < .05). Risks were generally highest on the heat wave day but remained elevated for up to 5 subsequent days.Conclusions and Relevance  Among older adults, periods of extreme heat were associated with increased risk of hospitalization for fluid and electrolyte disorders, renal failure, urinary tract infection, septicemia, and heat stroke. However, the absolute risk increase was small and of uncertain clinical importance. AU - Bobb, J. F. AU - Obermeyer, Z. AU - Wang, Y. AU - Dominici, F. DO - 10.1001/jama.2014.15715 IS - 24 N1 - 10.1001/jama.2014.15715 PY - 2014 SN - 0098-7484 SP - 2659-2667 ST - Cause-specific risk of hospital admission related to extreme heat in older adults T2 - JAMA TI - Cause-specific risk of hospital admission related to extreme heat in older adults VL - 312 ID - 21856 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berman, Jesse D. AU - Ebisu, Keita AU - Peng, Roger D. AU - Dominici, Francesca AU - Bell, Michelle L. DA - 2017/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30002-5 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2542-5196 SP - e17-e25 ST - Drought and the risk of hospital admissions and mortality in older adults in western USA from 2000 to 2013: A retrospective study T2 - The Lancet Planetary Health TI - Drought and the risk of hospital admissions and mortality in older adults in western USA from 2000 to 2013: A retrospective study VL - 1 ID - 21858 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Given knowledge at the time, the recent 2015-2016 zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic probably could not have been predicted. Without the prior knowledge of ZIKV being already present in South America, and given the lack of understanding of key epidemiologic processes and long-term records of ZIKV cases in the continent, the best related prediction could be carried out for the potential risk of a generic Aedes-borne disease epidemic. Here we use a recently published two-vector basic reproduction number model to assess the predictability of the conditions conducive to epidemics of diseases like zika, chikungunya or dengue, transmitted by the independent or concurrent presence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. We compare the potential risk of transmission forcing the model with the observed climate and with state-of-the-art operational forecasts from the North American Multi Model Ensemble (NMME), finding that the predictive skill of this new seasonal forecast system is highest for multiple countries in Latin America and the Caribbean during the December-February and March-May seasons, and slightly lower –but still of potential use to decision-makers– for the rest of the year. In particular, we find that above-normal suitable conditions for the occurrence of the zika epidemic at the beginning of 2015 could have been successfully predicted at least one month in advance for several zika hotspots, and in particular for Northeast Brazil: the heart of the epidemic. Nonetheless, the initiation and spread of an epidemic depends on the effect of multiple factors beyond climate conditions, and thus this type of approach must be considered as a guide and not as a formal predictive tool of vector-borne epidemics. AU - Muñoz, Ángel G. AU - Thomson, Madeleine C. AU - Stewart-Ibarra, Anna M. AU - Vecchi, Gabriel A. AU - Chourio, Xandre AU - Nájera, Patricia AU - Moran, Zelda AU - Yang, Xiaosong DA - 2017-July-12 DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01291 IS - 1291 KW - Zika,Aedes-borne diseases,predictability,climate,basic reproduction number model,Dengue,Chikungunya LA - English M3 - Original Research PY - 2017 SN - 1664-302X ST - Could the recent Zika epidemic have been predicted? T2 - Frontiers in Microbiology TI - Could the recent Zika epidemic have been predicted? VL - 8 ID - 22060 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper introduces a scalable "climate health justice" model for assessing and projecting incidence, treatment costs, and sociospatial disparities for diseases with well-documented climate change linkages. The model is designed to employ low-cost secondary data, and it is rooted in a perspective that merges normative environmental justice concerns with theoretical grounding in health inequalities. Since the model employs International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) disease codes, it is transferable to other contexts, appropriate for use across spatial scales, and suitable for comparative analyses. We demonstrate the utility of the model through analysis of 2008-2010 hospitalization discharge data at state and county levels in Texas (USA). We identified several disease categories (i.e., cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, heat-related, and respiratory) associated with climate change, and then selected corresponding ICD-9 codes with the highest hospitalization counts for further analyses. Selected diseases include ischemic heart disease, diarrhea, heat exhaustion/cramps/stroke/syncope, and asthma. Cardiovascular disease ranked first among the general categories of diseases for age-adjusted hospital admission rate (5286.37 per 100,000). In terms of specific selected diseases (per 100,000 population), asthma ranked first (517.51), followed by ischemic heart disease (195.20), diarrhea (75.35), and heat exhaustion/cramps/stroke/syncope (7.81). Charges associated with the selected diseases over the 3-year period amounted to US$5.6 billion. Blacks were disproportionately burdened by the selected diseases in comparison to non-Hispanic whites, while Hispanics were not. Spatial distributions of the selected disease rates revealed geographic zones of disproportionate risk. Based upon a down-scaled regional climate-change projection model, we estimate a >5% increase in the incidence and treatment costs of asthma attributable to climate change between the baseline and 2040-2050 in Texas. Additionally, the inequalities described here will be accentuated, with blacks facing amplified health disparities in the future. These predicted trends raise both intergenerational and distributional climate health justice concerns. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. AU - McDonald, Y. J. AU - Grineski, S. E. AU - Collins, T. W. AU - Kim, Y. A. DA - May DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.032 KW - climate justice Health PY - 2015 SN - 0277-9536 SP - 242-252 ST - A scalable climate health justice assessment model T2 - Social Science & Medicine TI - A scalable climate health justice assessment model VL - 133 ID - 22786 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Vogel, Jason AU - Carney, Karen M. AU - Smith, Joel B. AU - Herrick, Charles AU - Stults, Missy AU - O’Grady, Megan AU - Juliana, Alexis St. AU - Hosterman, Heather AU - Giangola, Lorine CY - Detroit KW - urban climate change adaptation PB - Kresge Foundation PY - 2016 ST - Climate Adaptation—The State of Practice in U.S. Communities TI - Climate Adaptation—The State of Practice in U.S. Communities UR - http://kresge.org/sites/default/files/library/climate-adaptation-the-state-of-practice-in-us-communities-full-report.pdf ID - 22874 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gordon, Kate AU - the Risky Business Project CY - New York KW - added by ERG N1 - Online version at https://riskybusiness.org/report/national/ PB - Risky Business Project PY - 2014 RP - Online version at https://riskybusiness.org/report/national/ SP - 51 ST - The Economic Risks of Climate Change in the United States : A Climate Risk Assessment for the United States TI - The Economic Risks of Climate Change in the United States : A Climate Risk Assessment for the United States UR - https://riskybusiness.org/site/assets/uploads/2015/09/RiskyBusiness_Report_WEB_09_08_14.pdf ID - 23096 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolch, Jennifer R. AU - Byrne, Jason AU - Newell, Joshua P. DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017 KW - added by ERG PY - 2014 SP - 234-244 ST - Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities "just green enough" T2 - Landscape and Urban Planning TI - Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities "just green enough" VL - 125 ID - 23142 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Clayton, Susan AU - Manning, Christie AU - Krygsman, Kirra AU - Speiser, Meighen CY - Washington, DC PB - American Psychological Association and ecoAmerica PY - 2017 SP - 69 ST - Mental Health and Our Changing Climate: Impacts, Implications, and Guidance TI - Mental Health and Our Changing Climate: Impacts, Implications, and Guidance UR - https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2017/03/mental-health-climate.pdf ID - 23204 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Great progress has been made in addressing global undernutrition over the past several decades, in part because of large increases in food production from agricultural expansion and intensification. Food systems, however, face continued increases in demand and growing environmental pressures. Most prominently, human-caused climate change will influence the quality and quantity of food we produce and our ability to distribute it equitably. Our capacity to ensure food security and nutritional adequacy in the face of rapidly changing biophysical conditions will be a major determinant of the next century's global burden of disease. In this article, we review the main pathways by which climate change may affect our food production systems—agriculture, fisheries, and livestock—as well as the socioeconomic forces that may influence equitable distribution. AU - Myers, Samuel S. AU - Smith, Matthew R. AU - Guth, Sarah AU - Golden, Christopher D. AU - Vaitla, Bapu AU - Mueller, Nathaniel D. AU - Dangour, Alan D. AU - Huybers, Peter DO - 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044356 IS - 1 KW - planetary health,global health,climate change,food security,malnutrition,global environmental change PY - 2017 SP - 259-277 ST - Climate change and global food systems: Potential impacts on food security and undernutrition T2 - Annual Review of Public Health TI - Climate change and global food systems: Potential impacts on food security and undernutrition VL - 38 ID - 23236 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Butterworth, Melinda K. AU - Morin, Cory W. AU - Comrie, Andrew C. DO - 10.1289/EHP218 PY - 2017 SP - 579-585 ST - An analysis of the potential impact of climate change on dengue transmission in the southeastern United States T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - An analysis of the potential impact of climate change on dengue transmission in the southeastern United States VL - 125 ID - 23242 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Extreme heat is a significant public health challenge in urban environments that disproportionally impacts vulnerable members of society. In this research, demographic, economic and climate projections are brought together with a statistical approach linking extreme heat and mortality in Houston, Texas. The sensitivity of heat-related non-accidental mortality to future changes of demographics, income and climate is explored. We compare climate change outcomes associated with two different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, which describe alternate future scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions and concentrations. For each RCP, we explore demographic and economic scenarios for two plausible Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), SSP3 and SSP5. Our findings suggest that non-accidental mortality in 2061–2080 may increase for all combinations of RCP and SSP scenarios compared to a historical reference period spanning 1991–2010. Notably, increased heat-related non-accidental mortality is associated with changes in the size and age of the population, but the degree of sensitivity is highly uncertain given the breadth of plausible socioeconomic scenarios. Beyond socioeconomic changes, climate change is also important. For each socioeconomic scenario, non-accidental mortality associated with the lower emissions RCP4.5 scenario is projected to be 50 % less than mortality projected under the higher emissions RCP8.5 scenario. AU - Marsha, A. AU - Sain, S. R. AU - Heaton, M. J. AU - Monaghan, A. J. AU - Wilhelmi, O.V. DA - August 30 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1775-1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 ST - Influences of climatic and population changes on heat-related mortality in Houston, Texas, USA T2 - Climatic Change TI - Influences of climatic and population changes on heat-related mortality in Houston, Texas, USA ID - 23558 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Previous studies examining future changes in heat/cold waves using climate model ensembles have been limited to grid cell-average quantities. Here, we make use of an urban parameterization in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) that represents the urban heat island effect, which can exacerbate extreme heat but may ameliorate extreme cold in urban relative to rural areas. Heat/cold wave characteristics are derived for U.S. regions from a bias-corrected CESM 30-member ensemble for climate outcomes driven by the RCP8.5 forcing scenario and a 15-member ensemble driven by RCP4.5. Significant differences are found between urban and grid cell-average heat/cold wave characteristics. Most notably, urban heat waves for 1981–2005 are more intense than grid cell-average by 2.1 °C (southeast) to 4.6 °C (southwest), while cold waves are less intense. We assess the avoided climate impacts of urban heat/cold waves in 2061–2080 when following the lower forcing scenario. Urban heat wave days per year increase from 6 in 1981–2005 to up to 92 (southeast) in RCP8.5. Following RCP4.5 reduces heat wave days by about 50 %. Large avoided impacts are demonstrated for individual communities; e.g., the longest heat wave for Houston in RCP4.5 is 38 days while in RCP8.5 there is one heat wave per year that is longer than a month with some lasting the entire summer. Heat waves also start later in the season in RCP4.5 (earliest are in early May) than RCP8.5 (mid-April), compared to 1981–2005 (late May). In some communities, cold wave events decrease from 2 per year for 1981–2005 to one-in-five year events in RCP4.5 and one-in-ten year events in RCP8.5. AU - Oleson, K. W. AU - Anderson, G. B. AU - Jones, B. AU - McGinnis, S. A. AU - Sanderson, B. DA - September 23 DO - 10.1007/s10584-015-1504-1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1480 ST - Avoided climate impacts of urban and rural heat and cold waves over the U.S. using large climate model ensembles for RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 T2 - Climatic Change TI - Avoided climate impacts of urban and rural heat and cold waves over the U.S. using large climate model ensembles for RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 ID - 23564 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Brown, M.E. AU - Antle, J.M. AU - Backlund, P. AU - Carr, E.R. AU - Easterling, W.E. AU - Walsh, M.K. AU - Ammann, C. AU - Attavanich, W. AU - Barrett, C.B. AU - Bellemare, M.F. AU - Dancheck, V. AU - Funk, C. AU - Grace, K. AU - Ingram, J.S.I. AU - Jiang, H. AU - Maletta, H. AU - Mata, T. AU - Murray, A. AU - Ngugi, M. AU - Ojima, D. AU - O’Neill, B. AU - Tebaldi, C. CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0862DC7 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2015 SP - 146 ST - Climate Change, Global Food Security, and the U.S. Food System TI - Climate Change, Global Food Security, and the U.S. Food System ID - 23655 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effect of global climate change on infectious disease remains hotly debated because multiple extrinsic and intrinsic drivers interact to influence transmission dynamics in nonlinear ways. The dominant drivers of widespread pathogens, like West Nile virus, can be challenging to identify due to regional variability in vector and host ecology, with past studies producing disparate findings. Here, we used analyses at national and state scales to examine a suite of climatic and intrinsic drivers of continental-scale West Nile virus epidemics, including an empirically derived mechanistic relationship between temperature and transmission potential that accounts for spatial variability in vectors. We found that drought was the primary climatic driver of increased West Nile virus epidemics, rather than within-season or winter temperatures, or precipitation independently. Local-scale data from one region suggested drought increased epidemics via changes in mosquito infection prevalence rather than mosquito abundance. In addition, human acquired immunity following regional epidemics limited subsequent transmission in many states. We show that over the next 30 years, increased drought severity from climate change could triple West Nile virus cases, but only in regions with low human immunity. These results illustrate how changes in drought severity can alter the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases. AU - Paull, Sara H. AU - Horton, Daniel E. AU - Ashfaq, Moetasim AU - Rastogi, Deeksha AU - Kramer, Laura D. AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S. AU - Kilpatrick, A. Marm DO - 10.1098/rspb.2016.2078 IS - 1848 PY - 2017 ST - Drought and immunity determine the intensity of West Nile virus epidemics and climate change impacts T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Drought and immunity determine the intensity of West Nile virus epidemics and climate change impacts VL - 284 ID - 23690 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Belova, Anna AU - Mills, David AU - Hall, Ronald AU - Juliana, Alexis St. AU - Crimmins, Allison AU - Barker, Chris AU - Jones, Russell DO - 10.4236/ajcc.2017.61010 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - 75278 ST - Impacts of increasing temperature on the future incidence of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in the United States T2 - American Journal of Climate Change TI - Impacts of increasing temperature on the future incidence of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in the United States VL - 6 ID - 23725 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Choudhary, Ekta AU - Vaidyanathan, Ambarish IS - 13 PY - 2014 SP - 1-10 ST - Heat stress illness hospitalizations—Environmental public health tracking program, 20 States, 2001–2010 T2 - MMWR Surveillance Summaries TI - Heat stress illness hospitalizations—Environmental public health tracking program, 20 States, 2001–2010 UR - https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6313a1.htm VL - 63 ID - 23742 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Griffin, Daniel AU - Anchukaitis, Kevin J. DO - 10.1002/2014GL062433 IS - 24 KW - drought tree rings paleoclimate 1637 Regional climate change 1812 Drought 1884 Water supply 3344 Paleoclimatology 4920 Dendrochronology PY - 2014 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 9017-9023 ST - How unusual is the 2012–2014 California drought? T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - How unusual is the 2012–2014 California drought? VL - 41 ID - 23772 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While the impacts of heat upon mortality and morbidity have been frequently studied, few studies have examined the relationship between heat, morbidity, and mortality across the same events. This research assesses the relationship between heat events and morbidity and mortality in New York City for the period 1991–2004. Heat events are defined based on oppressive weather types as determined by the Spatial Synoptic Classification. Morbidity data include hospitalizations for heat-related, respiratory, and cardiovascular causes; mortality data include these subsets as well as all-cause totals. Distributed-lag models assess the relationship between heat and health outcome for a cumulative 15-day period following exposure. To further refine analysis, subset analyses assess the differences between early- and late-season events, shorter and longer events, and earlier and later years. The strongest heat–health relationships occur with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and heat-related hospital admissions. The impacts of heat are greater during longer heat events and during the middle of summer, when increased mortality is still statistically significant after accounting for mortality displacement. Early-season heat waves have increases in mortality that appear to be largely short-term displacement. The impacts of heat on mortality have decreased over time. Heat-related hospital admissions have increased during this time, especially during the earlier days of heat events. Given the trends observed, it suggests that a greater awareness of heat hazards may have led to increased short-term hospitalizations with a commensurate decrease in mortality. AU - Sheridan, Scott C. AU - Lin, Shao DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s10393-014-0970-7 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1612-9210 SP - 512-525 ST - Assessing variability in the impacts of heat on health outcomes in New York City over time, season, and heat-wave duration T2 - EcoHealth TI - Assessing variability in the impacts of heat on health outcomes in New York City over time, season, and heat-wave duration VL - 11 ID - 23854 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vins, Holly AU - Bell, Jesse AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Hess, Jeremy DO - 10.3390/ijerph121013251 IS - 10 PY - 2015 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 13251 ST - The mental health outcomes of drought: A systematic review and causal process diagram T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - The mental health outcomes of drought: A systematic review and causal process diagram VL - 12 ID - 23879 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziegler, Carol AU - Morelli, Vincent AU - Fawibe, Omotayo DA - 2017/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.pop.2016.09.017 IS - 1 KW - Climate change Global warming Greenhouse gases Greenhouse gas emissions Patient education PY - 2017 SN - 0095-4543 SP - 171-184 ST - Climate change and underserved communities T2 - Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice TI - Climate change and underserved communities VL - 44 ID - 23895 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Episodes of severe weather in the United States, such as the present abundance of rainfall in California, are brandished as tangible evidence of the future costs of current climate trends. Hsiang et al. collected national data documenting the responses in six economic sectors to short-term weather fluctuations. These data were integrated with probabilistic distributions from a set of global climate models and used to estimate future costs during the remainder of this century across a range of scenarios (see the Perspective by Pizer). In terms of overall effects on gross domestic product, the authors predict negative impacts in the southern United States and positive impacts in some parts of the Pacific Northwest and New England.Science, this issue p. 1362; see also p. 1330Estimates of climate change damage are central to the design of climate policies. Here, we develop a flexible architecture for computing damages that integrates climate science, econometric analyses, and process models. We use this approach to construct spatially explicit, probabilistic, and empirically derived estimates of economic damage in the United States from climate change. The combined value of market and nonmarket damage across analyzed sectors—agriculture, crime, coastal storms, energy, human mortality, and labor—increases quadratically in global mean temperature, costing roughly 1.2% of gross domestic product per +1°C on average. Importantly, risk is distributed unequally across locations, generating a large transfer of value northward and westward that increases economic inequality. By the late 21st century, the poorest third of counties are projected to experience damages between 2 and 20% of county income (90% chance) under business-as-usual emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5). AU - Hsiang, Solomon AU - Kopp, Robert AU - Jina, Amir AU - Rising, James AU - Delgado, Michael AU - Mohan, Shashank AU - Rasmussen, D. J. AU - Muir-Wood, Robert AU - Wilson, Paul AU - Oppenheimer, Michael AU - Larsen, Kate AU - Houser, Trevor DO - 10.1126/science.aal4369 IS - 6345 PY - 2017 SP - 1362-1369 ST - Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States T2 - Science TI - Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States VL - 356 ID - 23965 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - James, Taj A2 - Ross, Jovida AU - Gonzalez, Rosa AU - other contributors PB - National Association of Climate Resilience Planners PY - 2017 ST - Community-Driven Climate Resilience Planning: A Framework, Version 2.0 TI - Community-Driven Climate Resilience Planning: A Framework, Version 2.0 UR - http://movementstrategy.org/b/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/WEB-CD-CRP_Updated-5.11.17.pdf ID - 24028 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Author A combination of media attention and the declaration of a World Health Organization state of emergency have made the pandemic expansion of Zika virus a topic of great public concern. Understanding the threat North America faces from the still-expanding viral range requires an understanding of the historical range and ecology of the disease, a topic currently difficult to study due to incomplete occurrence data. We compile the most comprehensive geospatial dataset of Zika occurrences in its native range, beginning with its discovery in 1947, and build bioclimatic models that set an outer bound on where the virus is likely to persist. Our results suggest Zika is likely far more constrained than the closely-related dengue fever, on which many projections have been based. While Zika poses a serious threat in current outbreak regions and is clearly a high-priority neglected tropical disease, our models suggest that even under an extreme climate change scenario for 2050, the disease is unlikely to become cosmopolitan in most temperate regions as a vector-borne disease, a discrepant finding from the results of non-ensemble modeling methods. Despite that, sexual transmission remains a serious public health concern, and a route by which Zika could become a severe public health emergency in temperate zones, including in the United States. AU - Carlson, Colin J. AU - Dougherty, Eric R. AU - Getz, Wayne DO - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004968 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SP - e0004968 ST - An ecological assessment of the pandemic threat of Zika virus T2 - PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases TI - An ecological assessment of the pandemic threat of Zika virus UR - https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0004968 VL - 10 ID - 24055 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Davidson, Keith AU - Gowen, Richard J. AU - Harrison, Paul J. AU - Fleming, Lora E. AU - Hoagland, Porter AU - Moschonas, Grigorios DA - 2014/12/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.002 KW - Harmful algal blooms HABs Anthropogenic nutrients Human health Economic impact PY - 2014 SN - 0301-4797 SP - 206-216 ST - Anthropogenic nutrients and harmful algae in coastal waters T2 - Journal of Environmental Management TI - Anthropogenic nutrients and harmful algae in coastal waters VL - 146 ID - 24057 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To aid health adaptation decision-making, there are increasing efforts to provide climate projections at finer temporal and spatial scales. Relying solely on projected climate changes for longer-term decisions makes the implicit assumption that sources of vulnerability other than climate change will remain the same, which is not very probable. Over longer time horizons, this approach likely over estimates the extent to which climate change could alter the magnitude and pattern of health outcomes, introducing systematic bias into health management decisions. To balance this potential bias, decision-makers also need projections of other drivers of health outcomes that are, like climate change, recognized determinants of some disease burdens. Incorporating projections via an iterative process that allows for regular updates based on new knowledge and experience has the potential to improve the utility of fine-scale climate projections in health system adaptation to climate change. AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Hess, Jeremy J. AU - Isaksen, Tania Busch DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s40572-016-0077-0 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 2196-5412 SP - 99-105 ST - Using uncertain climate and development information in health adaptation planning T2 - Current Environmental Health Reports TI - Using uncertain climate and development information in health adaptation planning VL - 3 ID - 24058 ER - TY - JOUR AB - ObjectiveWe examined the relationship of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), probable depression, and increased alcohol and/or tobacco use to disaster exposure and work demand in Florida Department of Health workers after the 2004 hurricanes.MethodsParticipants (N = 2249) completed electronic questionnaires assessing PTSD, depression, alcohol and tobacco use, hurricane exposure, and work demand.ResultsTotal mental and behavioral health burden (probable PTSD, probable depression, increased alcohol and/or tobacco use) was 11%. More than 4% had probable PTSD, and 3.8% had probable depression. Among those with probable PTSD, 29.2% had increased alcohol use, and 50% had increased tobacco use. Among those with probable depression, 34% indicated increased alcohol use and 55.6% increased tobacco use. Workers with greater exposure were more likely to have probable PTSD and probable depression (ORs = 3.3 and 3.06, respectively). After adjusting for demographics and work demand, those with high exposure were more likely to have probable PTSD and probable depression (ORs = 3.21 and 3.13). Those with high exposure had increased alcohol and tobacco use (ORs = 3.01 and 3.40), and those with high work demand indicated increased alcohol and tobacco use (ORs = 1.98 and 2.10). High exposure and work demand predicted increased alcohol and tobacco use, after adjusting for demographics, work demand, and exposure.ConclusionsWork-related disaster mental and behavioral health burden indicate the need for additional mental health interventions in the public health disaster workforce.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:89-95) AU - Fullerton, Carol S. AU - McKibben, Jodi B. A. AU - Reissman, Dori B. AU - Scharf, Ted AU - Kowalski-Trakofler, Kathleen M. AU - Shultz, James M. AU - Ursano, Robert J. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/dmp.2013.6 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 04/25 IS - 1 KW - PTSD depression alcohol use public health workers hurricane PY - 2013 SN - 1935-7893 SP - 89-95 ST - Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and alcohol and tobacco use in public health workers after the 2004 Florida hurricanes T2 - Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness TI - Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and alcohol and tobacco use in public health workers after the 2004 Florida hurricanes VL - 7 ID - 24061 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Acute gastro-intestinal illness (AGI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and an important public health problem. Despite the fact that AGI is currently responsible for a huge burden of disease throughout the world, important knowledge gaps exist in terms of its epidemiology. Specifically, an understanding of seasonality and those factors driving seasonal variation remain elusive. This paper aims to assess variation in the incidence of AGI in British Columbia (BC), Canada over an 11-year study period. We assessed variation in AGI dynamics in general, and disaggregated by hydroclimatic regime and drinking water source. We used several different visual and statistical techniques to describe and characterize seasonal and annual patterns in AGI incidence over time. Our results consistently illustrate marked seasonal patterns; seasonality remains when the dataset is disaggregated by hydroclimatic regime and drinking water source; however, differences in the magnitude and timing of the peaks and troughs are noted. We conclude that systematic descriptions of infectious illness dynamics over time is a valuable tool for informing disease prevention strategies and generating hypotheses to guide future research in an era of global environmental change. AU - Galway, Lindsay P. AU - Allen, Diana M. AU - Parkes, Margot W. AU - Takaro, Tim K. DO - 10.2166/wh.2013.105 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SP - 122-135 ST - Seasonal variation of acute gastro-intestinal illness by hydroclimatic regime and drinking water source: A retrospective population-based study T2 - Journal of Water and Health TI - Seasonal variation of acute gastro-intestinal illness by hydroclimatic regime and drinking water source: A retrospective population-based study VL - 12 ID - 24062 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Glibert, Patricia M. AU - Icarus Allen, J. AU - Artioli, Yuri AU - Beusen, Arthur AU - Bouwman, Lex AU - Harle, James AU - Holmes, Robert AU - Holt, Jason DO - 10.1111/gcb.12662 IS - 12 KW - GCOMS-POLCOMS-ERSIM model IPCC scenarios Karenia spp nutrient stoichiometry Prorocentrum spp PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 3845-3858 ST - Vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to changes in harmful algal bloom distribution in response to climate change: Projections based on model analysis T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to changes in harmful algal bloom distribution in response to climate change: Projections based on model analysis VL - 20 ID - 24063 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In addition to serving as vectors of several other human pathogens, the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, and western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls, are the primary vectors of the spirochete ( Borrelia burgdorferi ) that causes Lyme disease, the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Over the past two decades, the geographic range of I. pacificus has changed modestly while, in contrast, the I. scapularis range has expanded substantially, which likely contributes to the concurrent expansion in the distribution of human Lyme disease cases in the Northeastern, North-Central and Mid-Atlantic states. Identifying counties that contain suitable habitat for these ticks that have not yet reported established vector populations can aid in targeting limited vector surveillance resources to areas where tick invasion and potential human risk are likely to occur. We used county-level vector distribution information and ensemble modeling to map the potential distribution of I. scapularis and I. pacificus in the contiguous United States as a function of climate, elevation, and forest cover. Results show that I. pacificus is currently present within much of the range classified by our model as suitable for establishment. In contrast, environmental conditions are suitable for I. scapularis to continue expanding its range into northwestern Minnesota, central and northern Michigan, within the Ohio River Valley, and inland from the southeastern and Gulf coasts. Overall, our ensemble models show suitable habitat for I. scapularis in 441 eastern counties and for I. pacificus in 11 western counties where surveillance records have not yet supported classification of the counties as established. AU - Hahn, Micah B. AU - Jarnevich, Catherine S. AU - Monaghan, Andrew J. AU - Eisen, Rebecca J. DO - 10.1093/jme/tjw076 IS - 5 N1 - 10.1093/jme/tjw076 PY - 2016 SN - 0022-2585 SP - 1176-1191 ST - Modeling the geographic distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the contiguous United States T2 - Journal of Medical Entomology TI - Modeling the geographic distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the contiguous United States VL - 53 ID - 24067 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lamond, Jessica Elizabeth AU - Joseph, Rotimi D. AU - Proverbs, David G. DA - 2015/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2015.04.008 KW - Flood memory PTSD Anxiety Frequent flooding Flood impact Mental health Flood recovery PY - 2015 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 325-334 ST - An exploration of factors affecting the long term psychological impact and deterioration of mental health in flooded households T2 - Environmental Research TI - An exploration of factors affecting the long term psychological impact and deterioration of mental health in flooded households VL - 140 ID - 24069 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dengue has been prevalent in Colombia with high risk of outbreaks in various locations. While the prediction of dengue epidemics will bring significant benefits to the society, accurate forecasts have been a challenge. Given competing health demands in Colombia, it is critical to consider the effective use of the limited healthcare resources by identifying high risk areas for dengue fever. AU - Lee, Jung-Seok AU - Carabali, Mabel AU - Lim, Jacqueline K. AU - Herrera, Victor M. AU - Park, Il-Yeon AU - Villar, Luis AU - Farlow, Andrew DA - July 10 DO - 10.1186/s12879-017-2577-4 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1471-2334 SP - 480 ST - Early warning signal for dengue outbreaks and identification of high risk areas for dengue fever in Colombia using climate and non-climate datasets T2 - BMC Infectious Diseases TI - Early warning signal for dengue outbreaks and identification of high risk areas for dengue fever in Colombia using climate and non-climate datasets VL - 17 ID - 24070 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Zika virus was identified in Uganda in 1947; since then, it has enveloped the tropics, causing disease of varying severity. Lessler et al. review the historical literature to remind us that Zika's neurotropism was observed in mice even before clinical case reports in Nigeria in 1953. What determines the clinical manifestations; how local conditions, vectors, genetics, and wild hosts affect transmission and geographical spread; what the best control strategy is; and how to develop effective drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics are all critical questions that are begging for data.Science, this issue p. 663BACKGROUNDFirst discovered in 1947, Zika virus (ZIKV) received little attention until a surge in microcephaly cases was reported after a 2015 outbreak in Brazil. The size of the outbreak and the severity of associated birth defects prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 1 February 2016. In response, there has been an explosion in research and planning as the global health community has turned its attention to understanding and controlling ZIKV. Still, much of the information needed to evaluate the global health threat from ZIKV is lacking. The global threat posed by any emerging pathogen depends on its epidemiology, its clinical features, and our ability to implement effective control measures. Whether introductions of ZIKV result in epidemics depends on local ecology, population immunity, regional demographics, and, to no small degree, random chance. The same factors determine whether the virus will establish itself as an endemic disease. The burden of ZIKV spread on human health is mediated by its natural history and pathogenesis, particularly during pregnancy, and our ability to control the virus’s spread. In this Review, we examine the empirical evidence for a global threat from ZIKV through the lens of these processes, examining historic and current evidence, as well as parallel processes in closely related viruses.ADVANCESBecause ZIKV was not recognized as an important disease in humans until recently, it was little studied before the recent crisis. Nevertheless, the limited data from the decades following its discovery provide important clues into ZIKV’s epidemiology and suggest that some populations were at risk for the virus for years in the mid-20th century, although this risk may predominantly have been the result of spillover infections from a sylvatic reservoir. Recent outbreaks on Yap Island (2007) and in French Polynesia (2014) provide the only previous observations of large epidemics and are the basis for the little that we do know about ZIKV’s acute symptoms (e.g., rash, fever, conjunctivitis, and arthralgia), the risk of birth defects, such as microcephaly (estimated to be 1 per 100 in French Polynesia), and the incidence of severe neurological outcomes (e.g., Guillain-Barré is estimated to occur in approximately 2 out of every 10,000 cases). The observation of an association between ZIKV and a surge in microcephaly cases in Brazil and the subsequent declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO have rapidly accelerated research into the virus. Small, but very important, studies have begun to identify the substantial risk the virus can pose throughout a pregnancy, and careful surveillance has established that ZIKV can be transmitted sexually. Numerous modeling studies have helped to estimate the potential range of ZIKV and measured its reproductive number R0 (estimates range from 1.4 to 6.6), a key measure of transmissibility in a number of settings. Still, it remains unclear whether the recent epidemic in the Americas is the result of fundamental changes in the virus or merely a chance event.OUTLOOKZIKV research is progressing rapidly, and over the coming months and years our understanding of the virus will undoubtedly deepen considerably. Key questions about the virus’s range, its ability to persist, and its clinical severity will be answered as the current epidemic in the Americas runs its cou se. Moving forward, it is important that information on ZIKV be placed within the context of its effect on human health and that we remain cognizant of the structure of postinvasion epidemic dynamics as we respond to this emerging threat. The effect of ZIKV is a function of the local transmission regime and viral pathogenesis.(A) Many countries cannot maintain ongoing vector-mediated ZIKV transmission and are only at risk from importation by travelers and limited onward transmission (e.g., through sex). (B) If conditions are appropriate, importations can lead to postinvasion epidemics with high incidence across age ranges, after which the virus may go locally extinct or remain endemic. (C) There is evidence of ongoing ZIKV incidence in humans over years (e.g., a 1952 serosurvey in Nigeria), but it is unknown whether this is the result of ongoing circulation in humans or frequent spillover infections from a sylvatic cycle. (D) In other areas, ZIKV appears to have been maintained in animals with few human infections. (E) The majority of infections are asymptomatic, and severe outcomes, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, are rare. (F) However, there is considerable risk of microcephaly and other fetal sequelae when infection occurs during pregnancy.First discovered in 1947, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection remained a little-known tropical disease until 2015, when its apparent association with a considerable increase in the incidence of microcephaly in Brazil raised alarms worldwide. There is limited information on the key factors that determine the extent of the global threat from ZIKV infection and resulting complications. Here, we review what is known about the epidemiology, natural history, and public health effects of ZIKV infection, the empirical basis for this knowledge, and the critical knowledge gaps that need to be filled. AU - Lessler, Justin AU - Chaisson, Lelia H. AU - Kucirka, Lauren M. AU - Bi, Qifang AU - Grantz, Kyra AU - Salje, Henrik AU - Carcelen, Andrea C. AU - Ott, Cassandra T. AU - Sheffield, Jeanne S. AU - Ferguson, Neil M. AU - Cummings, Derek A. T. AU - Metcalf, C. Jessica E. AU - Rodriguez-Barraquer, Isabel DO - 10.1126/science.aaf8160 IS - 6300 PY - 2016 ST - Assessing the global threat from Zika virus T2 - Science TI - Assessing the global threat from Zika virus VL - 353 ID - 24071 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Several individual-level factors are known to promote psychological resilience in the aftermath of disasters. Far less is known about the role of community-level factors in shaping postdisaster mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of both individual- and community-level factors on resilience after Hurricane Sandy. A representative sample of household residents (N = 418) from 293 New York City census tracts that were most heavily affected by the storm completed telephone interviews approximately 13–16 months postdisaster. Multilevel multivariable models explored the independent and interactive contributions of individual- and community-level factors to posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms. At the individual-level, having experienced or witnessed any lifetime traumatic event was significantly associated with higher depression and posttraumatic stress, whereas demographic characteristics (e.g., older age, non-Hispanic Black race) and more disaster-related stressors were significantly associated with higher posttraumatic stress only. At the community-level, living in an area with higher social capital was significantly associated with higher posttraumatic stress. Additionally, higher community economic development was associated with lower risk of depression only among participants who did not experience any disaster-related stressors. These results provide evidence that individual- and community-level resources and exposure operate in tandem to shape postdisaster resilience. AU - Lowe, Sarah R. AU - Sampson, Laura AU - Gruebner, Oliver AU - Galea, Sandro DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0125761 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - e0125761 ST - Psychological resilience after Hurricane Sandy: The influence of individual- and community-level factors on mental health after a large-scale natural disaster T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Psychological resilience after Hurricane Sandy: The influence of individual- and community-level factors on mental health after a large-scale natural disaster UR - https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0125761 VL - 10 ID - 24074 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lowe, Dianne AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Forsberg, Bertil DO - 10.3390/ijerph8124623 IS - 12 PY - 2011 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 4623 ST - Heatwave early warning systems and adaptation advice to reduce human health consequences of heatwaves T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Heatwave early warning systems and adaptation advice to reduce human health consequences of heatwaves VL - 8 ID - 24075 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study estimates the predicted impact of climate change on levels of violence in a sample of 57 countries. We sample western and non-western countries and perform a multilevel ARFIMA regression to examine if warmer temperatures are associated with higher levels of homicide. Our results indicate that each degree Celsius increase in annual temperatures is associated with a nearly 6 % average increase in homicides. Regional variation in this predicted effect is detected, for example, with no apparent effects in former Soviet countries and far stronger effects found in Africa. Such variation indicates that climate change may acutely increase violence in areas that already are affected by higher levels of homicides and other social dislocations. AU - Mares, Dennis M. AU - Moffett, Kenneth W. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-015-1566-0 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 297-310 ST - Climate change and interpersonal violence: A “global” estimate and regional inequities T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change and interpersonal violence: A “global” estimate and regional inequities VL - 135 ID - 24076 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Understanding how impacts may differ across alternative levels of future climate change is necessary to inform mitigation and adaptation measures. The Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE) project assesses the differences in impacts between two specific climate futures: a higher emissions future with global average temperature increasing about 3.7 °C above pre-industrial levels toward the end of the century and a moderate emissions future with global average warming of about 2.5 °C. BRACE studies in this special issue quantify avoided impacts on physical, managed, and societal systems in terms of extreme events, health, agriculture, and tropical cyclones. Here we describe the conceptual framework and design of BRACE and synthesize its results. Methodologically, the project combines climate modeling, statistical analysis, and impact assessment and draws heavily on large ensembles using the Community Earth System Model. It addresses uncertainty in future societal change by employing two pathways for future socioeconomic development. Results show that the benefits of reduced climate change within this framework vary substantially across types of impacts. In many cases, especially related to extreme heat events, there are substantial benefits to mitigation. The benefits for some heat extremes are statistically significant in some regions as early as the 2020s and are widespread by mid-century. Benefits are more modest for agriculture and exposure to some health risks. Benefits are negative for agriculture when CO2 fertilization is incorporated. For several societal impacts, the effect on outcomes of alternative future societal development pathways is substantially larger than the effect of the two climate scenarios. AU - O’Neill, Brian C. AU - M. Done, James AU - Gettelman, Andrew AU - Lawrence, Peter AU - Lehner, Flavio AU - Lamarque, Jean-Francois AU - Lin, Lei AU - J. Monaghan, Andrew AU - Oleson, Keith AU - Ren, Xiaolin AU - M. Sanderson, Benjamin AU - Tebaldi, Claudia AU - Weitzel, Matthias AU - Xu, Yangyang AU - Anderson, Brooke AU - Fix, Miranda J. AU - Levis, Samuel DA - July 26 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2009-x M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 ST - The Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE): A synthesis T2 - Climatic Change TI - The Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE): A synthesis ID - 24077 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Paerl, Hans W. DO - 10.3390/life4040988 IS - 4 PY - 2014 SN - 2075-1729 SP - 988-1012 ST - Mitigating harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a human- and climatically-impacted world T2 - Life TI - Mitigating harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a human- and climatically-impacted world VL - 4 ID - 24078 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Climate change poses a major public health threat. A survey of U.S. local health department directors in 2008 found widespread recognition of the threat, but limited adaptive capacity, due to perceived lack of expertise and other resources. Methods We assessed changes between 2008 and 2012 in local public health departments' preparedness for the public health threats of climate change, in light of increasing national polarization on the issue, and widespread funding cutbacks for public health. A geographically representative online survey of directors of local public health departments was conducted in 2011–2012 (N = 174; response rate = 50%), and compared to the 2008 telephone survey results (N = 133; response rate = 61%). Results Significant polarization had occurred: more respondents in 2012 were certain that the threat of local climate change impacts does/does not exist, and fewer were unsure. Roughly 10% said it is not a threat, compared to 1% in 2008. Adaptation capacity decreased in several areas: perceived departmental expertise in climate change risk assessment; departmental prioritization of adaptation; and the number of adaptation-related programs and services departments provided. In 2008, directors' perceptions of local impacts predicted the number of adaptation-related programs and services their departments offered, but in 2012, funding predicted programming and directors' impact perceptions did not. This suggests that budgets were constraining directors' ability to respond to local climate change-related health threats. Results also suggest that departmental expertise may mitigate funding constraints. Strategies for overcoming these obstacles to local public health departments' preparations for climate change are discussed. AU - Roser-Renouf, Connie AU - Maibach, Edward W. AU - Li, Jennifer DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0151558 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SP - e0151558 ST - Adapting to the changing climate: An assessment of local health department preparations for climate change-related health threats, 2008-2012 T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Adapting to the changing climate: An assessment of local health department preparations for climate change-related health threats, 2008-2012 VL - 11 ID - 24080 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Semenza, Jan DO - 10.3390/ijerph120606333 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 6333-6351 ST - Prototype early warning systems for vector-borne diseases in Europe T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Prototype early warning systems for vector-borne diseases in Europe VL - 12 ID - 24081 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change threatens the health of urban residents in many ways. This qualitative study aims to understand how six U.S. cities are considering health adaptation when responding to climate change; 65 semistructured interviews were conducted with salient stakeholders across six U.S. cities (Boston, Massachusetts; Los Angeles, California; Portland, Oregon; Raleigh, North Carolina; Tampa, Florida; and Tucson, Arizona), and transcripts were analyzed to identify common themes. Each city’s (or county’s) most recent climate action plan was also analyzed. This study found that interviewees’ ability to understand the connection between climate and health was a major determinant for health adaptation implementation. In addition, institutional fragmentation in governance made it difficult to incorporate health concerns into broader climate planning. However, cross-sectoral collaborations and considerations of health cobenefits were shown to help overcome these barriers. These findings offer valuable insight regarding how policy makers and practitioners can safeguard public health from the effects of climate change. AU - Shimamoto, Mark M. AU - McCormick, Sabrina DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-16-0142.1 IS - 4 KW - Social Science,Disease,Emergency preparedness,Flood events,Heat islands,Societal impacts PY - 2017 SP - 777-785 ST - The role of health in urban climate adaptation: An analysis of six U.S. cities T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - The role of health in urban climate adaptation: An analysis of six U.S. cities VL - 9 ID - 24082 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Springer, Yuri P. AU - Jarnevich, Catherine S. AU - Barnett, David T. AU - Monaghan, Andrew J. AU - Eisen, Rebecca J. DO - 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0330 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SP - 875-890 ST - Modeling the present and future geographic distribution of the Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae), in the continental United States T2 - The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene TI - Modeling the present and future geographic distribution of the Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae), in the continental United States VL - 93 ID - 24083 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background The river Göta Älv is a source of freshwater for the City of Gothenburg, Sweden, and we recently identified a clear influence of upstream precipitation on concentrations of indicator bacteria in the river water, as well as an association with the daily number of phone calls to the nurse advice line related to acute gastrointestinal illnesses (AGI calls). This study aimed to examine visits to primary health-care centers owing to similar symptoms (AGI visits) in the same area, to explore associations with precipitation, and to compare variability in AGI visits and AGI calls. Methods We obtained data covering six years (2007–2012) of daily AGI visits and studied their association with prior precipitation (0–28 days) using a distributed lag nonlinear Poisson regression model, adjusting for seasonal patterns and covariates. In addition, we studied the effects of prolonged wet and dry weather on AGI visits. We analyzed lagged short-term relations between AGI visits and AGI calls, and we studied differences in their seasonal patterns using a binomial regression model. Results The study period saw a total of 17,030 AGI visits, and the number of daily visits decreased on days when precipitation occurred. However, prolonged wet weather was associated with an elevated number of AGI visits. Differences in seasonality patterns were observed between AGI visits and AGI calls, as visits were relatively less frequent during winter and relatively more frequent in August, and only weak short-term relations were found. Conclusion AGI visits and AGI calls seems to partly reflect different types of AGI illnesses, and the patients’ choice of medical contact (in-person visits versus phone calls) appears to depend on current weather conditions. An association between prolonged wet weather and increased AGI visits supports the hypothesis that the drinking water is related to an increased risk of AGI illnesses. AU - Tornevi, Andreas AU - Barregård, Lars AU - Forsberg, Bertil DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0128487 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - e0128487 ST - Precipitation and primary health care visits for gastrointestinal illness in Gothenburg, Sweden T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Precipitation and primary health care visits for gastrointestinal illness in Gothenburg, Sweden UR - https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0128487 VL - 10 ID - 24085 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In winter 2013/14 there was widespread flooding in England. Previous studies have described an increased prevalence of psychological morbidity six months after flooding. Disruption to essential services may increase morbidity however there have been no studies examining whether those experiencing disruption but not directly flooded are affected. AU - Waite, Thomas David AU - Chaintarli, Katerina AU - Beck, Charles R. AU - Bone, Angie AU - Amlôt, Richard AU - Kovats, Sari AU - Reacher, Mark AU - Armstrong, Ben AU - Leonardi, Giovanni AU - Rubin, G. James AU - Oliver, Isabel DA - January 28 DO - 10.1186/s12889-016-4000-2 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1471-2458 SP - 129 ST - The English national cohort study of flooding and health: Cross-sectional analysis of mental health outcomes at year one T2 - BMC Public Health TI - The English national cohort study of flooding and health: Cross-sectional analysis of mental health outcomes at year one VL - 17 ID - 24086 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper examines how the cost-effectiveness of IRS varies depending on the severity of transmission and level of programme coverage and how efficiency could be improved by incorporating climate information into decision making for malaria control programmes as part of an integrated Malaria Early Warning and Response System (MEWS). AU - Worrall, Eve AU - Connor, Stephen J. AU - Thomson, Madeleine C. DA - December 24 DO - 10.1186/1475-2875-7-263 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2008 SN - 1475-2875 SP - 263 ST - Improving the cost-effectiveness of IRS with climate informed health surveillance systems T2 - Malaria Journal TI - Improving the cost-effectiveness of IRS with climate informed health surveillance systems VL - 7 ID - 24087 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ryan, Sadie J. AU - McNally, Amy AU - Johnson, Leah R. AU - Mordecai, Erin A. AU - Ben-Horin, Tal AU - Paaijmans, Krijn AU - Lafferty, Kevin D. DA - 2015/12/01 DO - 10.1089/vbz.2015.1822 IS - 12 PY - 2015 SN - 1530-3667 SP - 718-725 ST - Mapping physiological suitability limits for malaria in Africa under climate change T2 - Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases TI - Mapping physiological suitability limits for malaria in Africa under climate change VL - 15 Y2 - 2018/01/09 ID - 24090 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yusa, Anna AU - Berry, Peter AU - J.Cheng, June AU - Ogden, Nicholas AU - Bonsal, Barrie AU - Stewart, Ronald AU - Waldick, Ruth DO - 10.3390/ijerph120708359 IS - 7 PY - 2015 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 8359 ST - Climate change, drought and human health in Canada T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Climate change, drought and human health in Canada VL - 12 ID - 24091 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Young, Ian AU - Gropp, Kathleen AU - Fazil, Aamir AU - Smith, Ben A. DA - 2015/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.035 KW - Systematic review Meta-analysis Climate change Oysters Food safety PY - 2015 SN - 0963-9969 SP - 86-93 ST - Knowledge synthesis to support risk assessment of climate change impacts on food and water safety: A case study of the effects of water temperature and salinity on Vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw oysters and harvest waters T2 - Food Research International TI - Knowledge synthesis to support risk assessment of climate change impacts on food and water safety: A case study of the effects of water temperature and salinity on Vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw oysters and harvest waters VL - 68 ID - 24092 ER - TY - JOUR AU - White-Newsome, Jalonne Lynay DA - 2016/07/02 DO - 10.1080/00064246.2016.1188353 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 0006-4246 SP - 12-26 ST - A policy approach toward climate justice T2 - The Black Scholar TI - A policy approach toward climate justice VL - 46 ID - 24093 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat stroke is a serious heat-related illness, especially among older adults. However, little is known regarding the spatiotemporal variation of heat stroke admissions during heat waves and what factors modify the adverse effects. AU - Wang, Yan AU - Bobb, Jennifer F. AU - Papi, Bianca AU - Wang, Yun AU - Kosheleva, Anna AU - Di, Qian AU - Schwartz, Joel D. AU - Dominici, Francesca DA - August 08 DO - 10.1186/s12940-016-0167-3 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1476-069X SP - 83 ST - Heat stroke admissions during heat waves in 1,916 US counties for the period from 1999 to 2010 and their effect modifiers T2 - Environmental Health TI - Heat stroke admissions during heat waves in 1,916 US counties for the period from 1999 to 2010 and their effect modifiers VL - 15 ID - 24095 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, M. R. AU - Golden, C. D. AU - Myers, S. S. DO - 10.1002/2016GH000018 IS - 6 KW - iron deficiency climate change global health nutrition 4322 Health impact 4901 Abrupt/rapid climate change PY - 2017 SN - 2471-1403 SP - 248-257 ST - Potential rise in iron deficiency due to future anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions T2 - GeoHealth TI - Potential rise in iron deficiency due to future anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions VL - 1 ID - 24097 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shepard, Peggy M. AU - Corbin-Mark, Cecil DA - 2009/12/01 DO - 10.1089/env.2009.2402 IS - 4 PY - 2009 SN - 1939-4071 SP - 163-166 ST - Climate justice T2 - Environmental Justice TI - Climate justice VL - 2 Y2 - 2018/01/09 ID - 24098 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Despite interest in the importance of social equity to sustainability, there is concern that equity is often left behind in practice relative to environmental and economic imperatives. We analyze recent climate and sustainability action plans from a sample of twenty-eight medium and large U.S. cities, finding that few made social equity a prominent goal of their plans, although there is a discernible trend in this direction. We present case studies of three cities that incorporated social equity goals, concluding that sustainability planning efforts provide strategic opportunities to pursue equity goals, especially where capacity exists among community-based actors to intervene and participate. AU - Schrock, Greg AU - Bassett, Ellen M. AU - Green, Jamaal DO - 10.1177/0739456x15580022 IS - 3 KW - sustainability,equity planning,climate action planning,participatory planning PY - 2015 SP - 282-295 ST - Pursuing equity and justice in a changing climate: Assessing equity in local climate and sustainability plans in U.S. cities T2 - Journal of Planning Education and Research TI - Pursuing equity and justice in a changing climate: Assessing equity in local climate and sustainability plans in U.S. cities VL - 35 ID - 24099 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Predictions of intense heat waves across the United States will lead to localized health impacts, most of which are preventable. There is a need to better understand the spatial variation in the morbidity impacts associated with extreme heat across the country to prevent such adverse health outcomes. AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Brock, John W. AU - Vaidyanathan, Ambarish AU - Easterling, David R. AU - Luber, George DA - March 04 DO - 10.1186/s12940-015-0005-z IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1476-069X SP - 20 ST - Spatial variation in hyperthermia emergency department visits among those with employer-based insurance in the United States – a case-crossover analysis T2 - Environmental Health TI - Spatial variation in hyperthermia emergency department visits among those with employer-based insurance in the United States – a case-crossover analysis VL - 14 ID - 24100 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Rudolph, Linda AU - Gould, Solange AU - Berko, Jeffrey CY - Oakland, CA PB - Public Health Institute PY - 2015 SP - 56 ST - Climate Change, Health, and Equity: Opportunities For Action TI - Climate Change, Health, and Equity: Opportunities For Action UR - http://www.phi.org/uploads/application/files/h7fjouo1i38v3tu427p9s9kcmhs3oxsi7tsg1fovh3yesd5hxu.pdf ID - 24101 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perera, Frederica P. DO - 10.1289/EHP299 PY - 2017 SP - 141-148 ST - Multiple threats to child health from fossil fuel combustion: Impacts of air pollution and climate change T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Multiple threats to child health from fossil fuel combustion: Impacts of air pollution and climate change VL - 125 ID - 24102 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pacyna, Jozef M. AU - Cousins, Ian T. AU - Halsall, Crispin AU - Rautio, Arja AU - Pawlak, Janet AU - Pacyna, Elisabeth G. AU - Sundseth, Kyrre AU - Wilson, Simon AU - Munthe, John DA - 2015/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2015.02.010 KW - Contaminant cycling Climate change Human health effects POPs Mercury The Arctic population PY - 2015 SN - 1462-9011 SP - 200-213 ST - Impacts on human health in the Arctic owing to climate-induced changes in contaminant cycling—The EU ArcRisk project policy outcome T2 - Environmental Science & Policy TI - Impacts on human health in the Arctic owing to climate-induced changes in contaminant cycling—The EU ArcRisk project policy outcome VL - 50 ID - 24103 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Overstreet, Stacy AU - Salloum, Alison AU - Badour, Christal DA - 2010/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jsp.2010.06.002 IS - 5 KW - Disasters Secondary stressors PTSD Adolescents PY - 2010 SN - 0022-4405 SP - 413-431 ST - A school-based assessment of secondary stressors and adolescent mental health 18 months post-Katrina T2 - Journal of School Psychology TI - A school-based assessment of secondary stressors and adolescent mental health 18 months post-Katrina VL - 48 ID - 24104 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Myers, Samuel S. AU - Wessells, K. Ryan AU - Kloog, Itai AU - Zanobetti, Antonella AU - Schwartz, Joel DO - 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00093-5 IS - 10 PY - 2015 SN - 2214-109X SP - e639-e645 ST - Effect of increased concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide on the global threat of zinc deficiency: A modelling study T2 - The Lancet Global Health TI - Effect of increased concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide on the global threat of zinc deficiency: A modelling study VL - 3 Y2 - 2018/01/09 ID - 24106 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Understanding the drivers of recent Zika, dengue, and chikungunya epidemics is a major public health priority. Temperature may play an important role because it affects virus transmission by mosquitoes, through its effects on mosquito development, survival, reproduction, and biting rates as well as the rate at which mosquitoes acquire and transmit viruses. Here, we measure the impact of temperature on transmission by two of the most common mosquito vector species for these viruses, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. We integrate data from several laboratory experiments into a mathematical model of temperature-dependent transmission, and find that transmission peaks at 26–29°C and can occur between 18–34°C. Statistically comparing model predictions with recent observed human cases of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika across the Americas suggests an important role for temperature, and supports model predictions. Using the model, we predict that most of the tropics and subtropics are suitable for transmission in many or all months of the year, but that temperate areas like most of the United States are only suitable for transmission for a few months during the summer (even if the mosquito vector is present). AU - Mordecai, Erin A. AU - Cohen, Jeremy M. AU - Evans, Michelle V. AU - Gudapati, Prithvi AU - Johnson, Leah R. AU - Lippi, Catherine A. AU - Miazgowicz, Kerri AU - Murdock, Courtney C. AU - Rohr, Jason R. AU - Ryan, Sadie J. AU - Savage, Van AU - Shocket, Marta S. AU - Stewart Ibarra, Anna AU - Thomas, Matthew B. AU - Weikel, Daniel P. DO - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005568 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SP - e0005568 ST - Detecting the impact of temperature on transmission of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya using mechanistic models T2 - PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases TI - Detecting the impact of temperature on transmission of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya using mechanistic models VL - 11 ID - 24107 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The mosquito Aedes (Ae). aegypti transmits the viruses that cause dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever. We investigate how choosing alternate emissions and/or socioeconomic pathways may modulate future human exposure to Ae. aegypti. Occurrence patterns for Ae. aegypti for 2061–2080 are mapped globally using empirically downscaled air temperature and precipitation projections from the Community Earth System Model, for the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Population growth is quantified using gridded global population projections consistent with two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), SSP3 and SSP5. Change scenarios are compared to a 1950–2000 reference period. A global land area of 56.9 M km2 is climatically suitable for Ae. aegypti during the reference period, and is projected to increase by 8 % (RCP4.5) to 13 % (RCP8.5) by 2061–2080. The annual average number of people exposed globally to Ae. aegypti for the reference period is 3794 M, a value projected to statistically significantly increase by 298–460 M (8–12 %) by 2061–2080 if only climate change is considered, and by 4805–5084 M (127–134 %) for SSP3 and 2232–2483 M (59–65 %) for SSP5 considering both climate and population change (lower and upper values of each range represent RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively). Thus, taking the lower-emissions RCP4.5 pathway instead of RCP8.5 may mitigate future human exposure to Ae. aegypti globally, but the effect of population growth on exposure will likely be larger. Regionally, Australia, Europe and North America are projected to have the largest percentage increases in human exposure to Ae. aegypti considering only climate change. AU - Monaghan, Andrew J. AU - Sampson, K. M. AU - Steinhoff, D. F. AU - Ernst, K. C. AU - Ebi, K. L. AU - Jones, B. AU - Hayden, M. H. DA - April 25 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1679-0 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 ST - The potential impacts of 21st century climatic and population changes on human exposure to the virus vector mosquito Aedes aegypti T2 - Climatic Change TI - The potential impacts of 21st century climatic and population changes on human exposure to the virus vector mosquito Aedes aegypti ID - 24108 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mendez, Michael Anthony DA - 2015/06/03 DO - 10.1080/13549839.2015.1038227 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SN - 1354-9839 SP - 637-663 ST - Assessing local climate action plans for public health co-benefits in environmental justice communities T2 - Local Environment TI - Assessing local climate action plans for public health co-benefits in environmental justice communities VL - 20 ID - 24109 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Medek, Danielle E. AU - Schwartz, Joel AU - Myers, Samuel S. DO - 10.1289/EHP41 IS - 8 PY - 2017 SP - 087002 ST - Estimated effects of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations on protein intake and the risk of protein deficiency by country and region T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Estimated effects of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations on protein intake and the risk of protein deficiency by country and region VL - 125 ID - 24110 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Modelling studies predicted that climate change will have strong impacts on the coffee crop, although no information on the effective impact of elevated CO2 on this plant exists. Here, we aim at providing a first glimpse on the effect of the combined impact of enhanced [CO2] and high temperature on the leaf mineral content and balance on this important tropical crop. Potted plants from two genotypes of Coffea arabica (cv. Icatu and IPR 108) and one from C. canephora (cv. Conilon Clone 153) were grown under 380 or 700 μL CO2 L−1 air, for 1 year, after which were exposed to an stepwise increase in temperature from 25/20 °C (day/night) up to 42/34 °C, over 8 weeks. Leaf macro − (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) concentrations were analyzed at 25/20 °C (control), 31/25 °C, 37/30 °C and 42/34 °C. At the control temperature, the 700 μL L−1 grown plants showed a moderate dilution effect (between 7 % and 25 %) in CL 153 (for N, Mg, Ca, Fe) and Icatu (for N, K and Fe), but not in IPR 108 (except for Fe) when compared to the 380 μL L−1 plants. For temperatures higher than control most nutrients tended to increase, frequently presenting maximal contents at 42/34 °C (or 37/30 °C), although the relation between [CO2] treatments did not appreciably change. Such increases offset the few dilution effects observed under high growth [CO2] at 25/20 °C. No clear species responses were found considering [CO2] and temperature impacts, although IPR 108 seemed less sensitive to [CO2]. Despite the changes promoted by [CO2] and heat, the large majority of mineral ratios were kept within a range considered adequate, suggesting that this plant can maintain mineral balances in a context of climate changes and global warming. AU - Martins, Lima D. AU - Tomaz, Marcelo A. AU - Lidon, Fernando C. AU - DaMatta, Fábio M. AU - Ramalho, José C. DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1236-7 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 365-379 ST - Combined effects of elevated [CO2] and high temperature on leaf mineral balance in Coffea spp. plants T2 - Climatic Change TI - Combined effects of elevated [CO2] and high temperature on leaf mineral balance in Coffea spp. plants VL - 126 ID - 24112 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lowe, Rachel AU - Coelho, Caio AS AU - Barcellos, Christovam AU - Carvalho, Marilia Sá AU - Catão, Rafael De Castro AU - Coelho, Giovanini E AU - Ramalho, Walter Massa AU - Bailey, Trevor C AU - Stephenson, David B AU - Rodó, Xavier DO - 10.7554/eLife.11285 PY - 2016 SP - e11285 ST - Evaluating probabilistic dengue risk forecasts from a prototype early warning system for Brazil T2 - eLIFE TI - Evaluating probabilistic dengue risk forecasts from a prototype early warning system for Brazil VL - 5 ID - 24114 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levy, Barry S. AU - Patz, Jonathan A. DA - 2015/05/01/ IS - 3 KW - climate change human rights inequalities low-income countries public health PY - 2015 SN - 2214-9996 SP - 310-322 ST - Climate change, human rights, and social justice T2 - Annals of Global Health TI - Climate change, human rights, and social justice UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214999615012242 VL - 81 ID - 24115 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat waves can be lethal and routinely prompt public warnings about the dangers of heat. With climate change, extreme heat events will become more frequent and intense. However, little is known about public awareness of heat warnings or behaviors during hot weather. Awareness of heat warnings, prevention behaviors, and air conditioning (AC) prevalence and use in New York City were assessed using quantitative and qualitative methods. A random sample telephone survey was conducted in September 2011 among 719 adults and follow-up focus groups were held in winter 2012 among seniors and potential senior caregivers. During summer 2011, 79 % of adults heard or saw a heat warning. Of the 24 % who were seniors or in fair or poor health, 34 % did not own AC or never/rarely used it on hot days. Of this subgroup, 30 % were unaware of warnings, and 49 % stay home during hot weather. Reasons for not using AC during hot weather include disliking AC (29 %), not feeling hot (19 %), and a preference for fans (18 %). Seniors in the focus groups did not perceive themselves to be at risk, and often did not identify AC as an important health protection strategy. While heat warnings are received by most New Yorkers, AC cost, risk perception problems, and a preference for staying home leave many at risk during heat waves. Improving AC access and risk communications will help better protect the most vulnerable during heat waves. AU - Lane, Kathryn AU - Wheeler, Katherine AU - Charles-Guzman, Kizzy AU - Ahmed, Munerah AU - Blum, Micheline AU - Gregory, Katherine AU - Graber, Nathan AU - Clark, Nancy AU - Matte, Thomas DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s11524-013-9850-7 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1468-2869 SP - 403-414 ST - Extreme heat awareness and protective behaviors in New York City T2 - Journal of Urban Health TI - Extreme heat awareness and protective behaviors in New York City VL - 91 ID - 24117 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Klein Rosenthal, Joyce AU - Kinney, Patrick L. AU - Metzger, Kristina B. DA - 2014/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.07.014 KW - Neighborhood characteristics Vulnerability Heat-related mortality Health disparities Housing quality PY - 2014 SN - 1353-8292 SP - 45-60 ST - Intra-urban vulnerability to heat-related mortality in New York City, 1997–2006 T2 - Health & Place TI - Intra-urban vulnerability to heat-related mortality in New York City, 1997–2006 VL - 30 ID - 24118 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kaplan, Susan AU - Sadler, Blair AU - Little, Kevin AU - Franz, Calvin AU - Orris, Peter CY - New York, NY PB - The Commonwealth Fund PY - 2012 SN - Commonwealth Fund Pub. 1641 SP - 13 ST - Can Sustainable Hospitals Help Bend the Health Care Cost Curve TI - Can Sustainable Hospitals Help Bend the Health Care Cost Curve UR - http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/issue-brief/2012/nov/1641_kaplan_can_sustainable_hosps_bend_cost_curve_ib.pdf ID - 24119 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hixson, Stefanie M. AU - Arts, Michael T. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13295 IS - 8 KW - climate change docosahexaenoic acid eicosapentaenoic acid global warming omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2744-2755 ST - Climate warming is predicted to reduce omega-3, long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acid production in phytoplankton T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Climate warming is predicted to reduce omega-3, long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acid production in phytoplankton VL - 22 ID - 24121 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ha, Sandie AU - Liu, Danping AU - Zhu, Yeyi AU - Kim, Sung Soo AU - Sherman, Seth AU - Mendola, Pauline DO - 10.1289/EHP97 PY - 2017 SP - 453-459 ST - Ambient temperature and early delivery of singleton pregnancies T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Ambient temperature and early delivery of singleton pregnancies VL - 125 ID - 24122 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Introduction On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy touched down in New York City (NYC; New York USA) causing massive destruction, paralyzing the city, and destroying lives. Research has shown that considerable damage and loss of life can be averted in at-risk areas from advanced preparation in communication procedures, evacuation planning, and resource allocation. However, research is limited in describing how natural disasters of this magnitude affect emergency departments (EDs). Hypothesis/Problem The aim of this study was to identify and describe trends in patient volume and demographics, and types of conditions treated, as a result of Hurricane Sandy at Staten Island University Hospital North (SIUH-N; Staten Island, New York USA) site ED. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients presenting to SIUH-N in the days surrounding the storm, October 26, 2012 through November 2, 2012, was completed. Data were compared to the same week of the year prior, October 28, 2011 through November 4, 2011. Daily census, patient age, gender, admission rates, mode of arrival, and diagnoses in the days surrounding the storm were observed. Results A significant decline in patient volume was found in all age ranges on the day of landfall (Day 0) with a census of 114; -55% compared to 2011. The daily volume exhibited a precipitous drop on the days preceding the storm followed by a return to usual volumes shortly after. A notably larger percentage of patients were seen for medication refills in 2012; 5.8% versus 0.4% (PPP A large decline in admissions was observed in the days prior to the storm, with a nadir on Day +1 at five percent (-22%). Review of admitted patients revealed atypical admissions for home care service such as need for supplemental oxygen or ventilator. In addition, a drop in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) utilization was seen on Days 0 and +1. The SIUH-N typically sees 18% of patients arriving via EMS. On Day +1, only two percent of patients arrived by ambulance. Conclusion The daily ED census saw a significant decline in the days preceding the storm. In addition, the type of conditions treated varied from baseline, and a considerable drop in hospital admissions was seen. Data such as these presented here can help make predictions for future scenarios. Greenstein J , Chacko J , Ardolic B , Berwald N . Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Staten Island University Hospital Emergency Department. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):335–339. AU - Greenstein, Josh AU - Chacko, Jerel AU - Ardolic, Brahim AU - Berwald, Nicole DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1049023X16000261 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 04/06 IS - 3 KW - disaster medicine emergency department emergency preparedness hurricane PY - 2016 SN - 1049-023X SP - 335-339 ST - Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Staten Island University Hospital Emergency Department T2 - Prehospital and Disaster Medicine TI - Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Staten Island University Hospital Emergency Department VL - 31 ID - 24123 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background On October 29th, 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused a storm surge interrupting electricity with disruption to Manhattan’s (New York, USA) health care infrastructure. Beth Israel Medical Center (BIMC) was the only fully functioning major hospital in lower Manhattan during and after Hurricane Sandy. The impact on emergency department (ED) and hospital use by geriatric patients in lower Manhattan was studied. Methods The trends of ED visits and hospitalizations in the immediate post-Sandy phase (IPS) during the actual blackout (October 29 through November 4, 2012), and the extended post-Sandy phase (EPS), when neighboring hospitals were still incapacitated (November 5, 2012 through February 10, 2013), were analyzed with baseline. The analysis was broken down by age groups (18-64, 65-79, and 80+ years old) and included the reasons for ED visits and admissions. Results During the IPS, there was a significant increase in geriatric visits (from 11% to 16.5% in the 65-79 age group, and from 6.5% to 13% in the 80+ age group) as well as in hospitalizations (from 22.7% to 25.2% in the 65-79 age group, and from 17.6% to 33.8% in the 80+ age group). However, these proportions returned to baseline during the EPS. The proportions of the categories “dialysis,” “respiratory device,” “social,” and “syncope” in geriatric patients in ED visits were significantly higher than younger patients. The increases of the categories “medication,” “dialysis,” “respiratory device,” and “social” represented two-thirds of absolute increase in both ED visits and admissions for the 65-79 age group, and half of the absolute increase in ED visits for the 80+ age group. The categories “social” and “respiratory device” peaked one day after the disaster, “dialysis” peaked two days after, and “medication” peaked three days after in ED visit analysis. Conclusions There was a disproportionate increase in ED visits and hospitalizations in the geriatric population compared with the younger population during the IPS. The primary factor of the disproportionate impact on the geriatric population appears to be from indirect effects of the hurricane, mainly due to the subsequent power outages, such as “dialysis,” “respiratory device,” and “social.” Further investigation by chart review may provide more insights to better aid with future disaster preparedness. Gotanda H , Fogel J , Husk G , Levine JM , Peterson M , Baumlin K , Habboushe J . Hurricane Sandy: Impact on Emergency Department and Hospital Utilization by Older Adults in Lower Manhattan, New York (USA). Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(5):496–502. AU - Gotanda, Hiroshi AU - Fogel, Joyce AU - Husk, Gregg AU - Levine, Jeffrey M. AU - Peterson, Monte AU - Baumlin, Kevin AU - Habboushe, Joseph DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1049023X15005087 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 09/15 IS - 5 KW - disaster planning geriatrics public health PY - 2015 SN - 1049-023X SP - 496-502 ST - Hurricane Sandy: Impact on emergency department and hospital utilization by older adults in Lower Manhattan, New York (USA) T2 - Prehospital and Disaster Medicine TI - Hurricane Sandy: Impact on emergency department and hospital utilization by older adults in Lower Manhattan, New York (USA) VL - 30 ID - 24124 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Garfin, Gregg M. AU - LeRoy, Sarah AU - Jones, Hunter CY - Tucson, AZ DO - 10.7289/V5930R6Q PB - Institute of the Environment PY - 2017 SP - 63 ST - Developing an Integrated Heat Health Information System for Long-Term Resilience to Climate and Weather Extremes in the El Paso-Juárez-Las Cruces Region TI - Developing an Integrated Heat Health Information System for Long-Term Resilience to Climate and Weather Extremes in the El Paso-Juárez-Las Cruces Region ID - 24125 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The association between food insecurity and mental health is established. Increasingly, associations between drought and mental health and drought and food insecurity have been observed in a number of countries. The impact of drought on the association between food insecurity and mental health has received little attention. AU - Friel, Sharon AU - Berry, Helen AU - Dinh, Huong AU - O’Brien, Léan AU - Walls, Helen L. DA - October 24 DO - 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1102 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1471-2458 SP - 1102 ST - The impact of drought on the association between food security and mental health in a nationally representative Australian sample T2 - BMC Public Health TI - The impact of drought on the association between food security and mental health in a nationally representative Australian sample VL - 14 ID - 24126 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although the global climate is changing at an unprecedented rate, links between weather and infectious disease have received little attention in high income countries. The “El Niño Southern Oscillation” (ENSO) occurs irregularly and is associated with changing temperature and precipitation patterns. We studied the impact of ENSO on infectious diseases in four census regions in the United States. We evaluated infectious diseases requiring hospitalization using the US National Hospital Discharge Survey (1970–2010) and five disease groupings that may undergo epidemiological shifts with changing climate: (i) vector-borne diseases, (ii) pneumonia and influenza, (iii) enteric disease, (iv) zoonotic bacterial disease, and (v) fungal disease. ENSO exposure was based on the Multivariate ENSO Index. Distributed lag models, with adjustment for seasonal oscillation and long-term trends, were used to evaluate the impact of ENSO on disease incidence over lags of up to 12 mo. ENSO was associated more with vector-borne disease [relative risk (RR) 2.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–8.48] and less with enteric disease (0.73, 95% CI 0.62–0.87) in the Western region; the increase in vector-borne disease was attributable to increased risk of rickettsioses and tick-borne infectious diseases. By contrast, ENSO was associated with more enteric disease in non-Western regions (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.15). The periodic nature of ENSO may make it a useful natural experiment for evaluation of the impact of climatic shifts on infectious disease risk. The impact of ENSO suggests that warmer temperatures and extreme variation in precipitation events influence risks of vector-borne and enteric disease in the United States. AU - Fisman, David N. AU - Tuite, Ashleigh R. AU - Brown, Kevin A. DA - December 20, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1604980113 IS - 51 PY - 2016 SP - 14589-14594 ST - Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on infectious disease hospitalization risk in the United States T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on infectious disease hospitalization risk in the United States VL - 113 ID - 24127 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The U.S. health care sector is highly interconnected with industrial activities that emit much of the nation’s pollution to air, water, and soils. We estimate emissions directly and indirectly attributable to the health care sector, and potential harmful effects on public health. Negative environmental and public health outcomes were estimated through economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIOLCA) modeling using National Health Expenditures (NHE) for the decade 2003–2013 and compared to national totals. In 2013, the health care sector was also responsible for significant fractions of national air pollution emissions and impacts, including acid rain (12%), greenhouse gas emissions (10%), smog formation (10%) criteria air pollutants (9%), stratospheric ozone depletion (1%), and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic air toxics (1–2%). The largest contributors to impacts are discussed from both the supply side (EIOLCA economic sectors) and demand side (NHE categories), as are trends over the study period. Health damages from these pollutants are estimated at 470,000 DALYs lost from pollution-related disease, or 405,000 DALYs when adjusted for recent shifts in power generation sector emissions. These indirect health burdens are commensurate with the 44,000–98,000 people who die in hospitals each year in the U.S. as a result of preventable medical errors, but are currently not attributed to our health system. Concerted efforts to improve environmental performance of health care could reduce expenditures directly through waste reduction and energy savings, and indirectly through reducing pollution burden on public health, and ought to be included in efforts to improve health care quality and safety. AU - Eckelman, Matthew J. AU - Sherman, Jodi DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0157014 IS - 6 PY - 2016 SP - e0157014 ST - Environmental impacts of the U.S. health care system and effects on public health T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Environmental impacts of the U.S. health care system and effects on public health VL - 11 ID - 24128 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Doppelt, Bob C4 - bf23355b-aa5e-48f6-916a-d2d32e46fe2b CY - New York PB - Greenleaf Publishing (Routledge/Taylor & Francis) PY - 2016 SN - 978-1783535286 SP - 368 ST - Transformational Resilience: How Building Human Resilience to Climate Disruption Can Safeguard Society and Increase Wellbeing TI - Transformational Resilience: How Building Human Resilience to Climate Disruption Can Safeguard Society and Increase Wellbeing ID - 24130 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cushing, Lara J. AU - Wander, Madeline AU - Morello-Frosch, Rachel AU - Pastor, Manuel AU - Zhu, Allen AU - Sadd, James CY - Los Angeles, CA NV - Program for Environmental and Regional Equity (PERE) Publication PB - USC Dornsife PY - 2016 SP - 17 ST - A Preliminary Environmental Equity Assessment Of California’s Cap-and-Trade Program TI - A Preliminary Environmental Equity Assessment Of California’s Cap-and-Trade Program UR - https://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/242/docs/Climate_Equity_Brief_CA_Cap_and_Trade_Sept2016_FINAL2.pdf ID - 24131 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coopersmith, E. J. AU - Bell, J. E. AU - Benedict, K. AU - Shriber, J. AU - McCotter, O. AU - Cosh, M. H. DO - 10.1002/2016GH000033 IS - 1 KW - coccidioidomycosis valley fever soil moisture machine learning modeling 1719 Hydrology 1866 Soil moisture 1894 Instruments and techniques: modeling 1984 Statistical methods: Descriptive 1914 Data mining PY - 2017 SN - 2471-1403 SP - 51-63 ST - Relating coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) incidence to soil moisture conditions T2 - GeoHealth TI - Relating coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) incidence to soil moisture conditions VL - 1 ID - 24132 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chretien, Jean-Paul AU - Anyamba, Assaf AU - Small, Jennifer AU - Britch, Seth AU - Sanchez, Jose L. AU - Halbach, Alaina C. AU - Tucker, Compton AU - Linthicum, Kenneth J. PY - 2015 SP - Edition 1 ST - Global climate anomalies and potential infectious disease risks: 2014-2015 T2 - PLOS Currents Outbreaks TI - Global climate anomalies and potential infectious disease risks: 2014-2015 UR - http://currents.plos.org/outbreaks/index.html%3Fp=50798.html VL - 2015 ID - 24133 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Zika, a mosquito-borne viral disease that emerged in South America in 2015, was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO in February of 2016. We developed a climate-driven R0 mathematical model for the transmission risk of Zika virus (ZIKV) that explicitly includes two key mosquito vector species: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The model was parameterized and calibrated using the most up to date information from the available literature. It was then driven by observed gridded temperature and rainfall datasets for the period 1950–2015. We find that the transmission risk in South America in 2015 was the highest since 1950. This maximum is related to favoring temperature conditions that caused the simulated biting rates to be largest and mosquito mortality rates and extrinsic incubation periods to be smallest in 2015. This event followed the suspected introduction of ZIKV in Brazil in 2013. The ZIKV outbreak in Latin America has very likely been fueled by the 2015–2016 El Niño climate phenomenon affecting the region. The highest transmission risk globally is in South America and tropical countries where Ae. aegypti is abundant. Transmission risk is strongly seasonal in temperate regions where Ae. albopictus is present, with significant risk of ZIKV transmission in the southeastern states of the United States, in southern China, and to a lesser extent, over southern Europe during the boreal summer season. AU - Caminade, Cyril AU - Turner, Joanne AU - Metelmann, Soeren AU - Hesson, Jenny C. AU - Blagrove, Marcus S. C. AU - Solomon, Tom AU - Morse, Andrew P. AU - Baylis, Matthew DA - January 3, 2017 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1614303114 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - 119-124 ST - Global risk model for vector-borne transmission of Zika virus reveals the role of El Niño 2015 T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Global risk model for vector-borne transmission of Zika virus reveals the role of El Niño 2015 VL - 114 ID - 24135 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bogoch, Isaac I. AU - Brady, Oliver J. AU - Kraemer, Moritz U. G. AU - German, Matthew AU - Creatore, Marisa I. AU - Kulkarni, Manisha A. AU - Brownstein, John S. AU - Mekaru, Sumiko R. AU - Hay, Simon I. AU - Groot, Emily AU - Watts, Alexander AU - Khan, Kamran DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00080-5 IS - 10016 PY - 2016 SN - 0140-6736 SP - 335-336 ST - Anticipating the international spread of Zika virus from Brazil T2 - The Lancet TI - Anticipating the international spread of Zika virus from Brazil VL - 387 Y2 - 2018/01/09 ID - 24136 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The unabated rise in anthropogenic CO₂ emissions is predicted to strongly influence the ocean’s environment, increasing the mean sea-surface temperature by 4°C and causing a pH decline of 0.3 units by the year 2100. These changes are likely to affect the nutritional value of marine food sources since temperature and CO₂ can influence the fatty (FA) and amino acid (AA) composition of marine primary producers. Here, essential amino (EA) and polyunsaturated fatty (PUFA) acids are of particular importance due to their nutritional value to higher trophic levels. In order to determine the interactive effects of CO₂ and temperature on the nutritional quality of a primary producer, we analyzed the relative PUFA and EA composition of the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis cultured under a factorial matrix of 2 temperatures (14 and 19°C) and 3 partial pressures of CO₂ (180, 380, 750 μatm) for >250 generations. Our results show a decay of ~3% and ~6% in PUFA and EA content in algae kept at a pCO₂ of 750 μatm (high) compared to the 380 μatm (intermediate) CO₂ treatments at 14°C. Cultures kept at 19°C displayed a ~3% lower PUFA content under high compared to intermediate pCO₂, while EA did not show differences between treatments. Algae grown at a pCO₂ of 180 μatm (low) had a lower PUFA and AA content in relation to those at intermediate and high CO₂ levels at 14°C, but there were no differences in EA at 19°C for any CO₂ treatment. This study is the first to report adverse effects of warming and acidification on the EA of a primary producer, and corroborates previous observations of negative effects of these stressors on PUFA. Considering that only ~20% of essential biomolecules such as PUFA (and possibly EA) are incorporated into new biomass at the next trophic level, the potential impacts of adverse effects of ocean warming and acidification at the base of the food web may be amplified towards higher trophic levels, which rely on them as source of essential biomolecules. AU - Bermúdez, Rafael AU - Feng, Yuanyuan AU - Roleda, Michael Y. AU - Tatters, Avery O. AU - Hutchins, David A. AU - Larsen, Thomas AU - Boyd, Philip W. AU - Hurd, Catriona L. AU - Riebesell, Ulf AU - Winder, Monika DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0123945 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - e0123945 ST - Long-term conditioning to elevated pCO2 and warming influences the fatty and amino acid composition of the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Long-term conditioning to elevated pCO2 and warming influences the fatty and amino acid composition of the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis VL - 10 ID - 24137 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Preventing heat-associated morbidity and mortality is a public health priority in Maricopa County, Arizona (United States). The objective of this project was to evaluate Maricopa County cooling centers and gain insight into their capacity to provide relief for the public during extreme heat events. During the summer of 2014, 53 cooling centers were evaluated to assess facility and visitor characteristics. Maricopa County staff collected data by directly observing daily operations and by surveying managers and visitors. The cooling centers in Maricopa County were often housed within community, senior, or religious centers, which offered various services for at least 1500 individuals daily. Many visitors were unemployed and/or homeless. Many learned about a cooling center by word of mouth or by having seen the cooling center’s location. The cooling centers provide a valuable service and reach some of the region’s most vulnerable populations. This project is among the first to systematically evaluate cooling centers from a public health perspective and provides helpful insight to community leaders who are implementing or improving their own network of cooling centers. AU - Berisha, Vjollca AU - Hondula, David AU - Roach, Matthew AU - White, Jessica R. AU - McKinney, Benita AU - Bentz, Darcie AU - Mohamed, Ahmed AU - Uebelherr, Joshua AU - Goodin, Kate DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-16-0033.1 IS - 1 KW - Climate change,Emergency preparedness,Societal impacts PY - 2017 SP - 71-80 ST - Assessing adaptation strategies for extreme heat: A public health evaluation of cooling centers in Maricopa County, Arizona T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Assessing adaptation strategies for extreme heat: A public health evaluation of cooling centers in Maricopa County, Arizona VL - 9 ID - 24138 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Baussan, Danielle CY - Washington, DC PB - Center for American Progress PY - 2015 SP - 10 ST - When You Can't Go Home: The Gulf Coast 10 Years after Katrina TI - When You Can't Go Home: The Gulf Coast 10 Years after Katrina UR - https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/reports/2015/08/18/119511/when-you-cant-go-home/ ID - 24139 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Battilani, P. AU - Toscano, P. AU - Van der Fels-Klerx, H. J. AU - Moretti, A. AU - Camardo Leggieri, M. AU - Brera, C. AU - Rortais, A. AU - Goumperis, T. AU - Robinson, T. DA - 04/12/online DO - 10.1038/srep24328 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 24328 ST - Aflatoxin B1 contamination in maize in Europe increases due to climate change T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Aflatoxin B1 contamination in maize in Europe increases due to climate change VL - 6 ID - 24140 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bathi, Jejal Reddy AU - Das, Himangshu S. DO - 10.3390/ijerph13020239 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 239 ST - Vulnerability of coastal communities from storm surge and flood disasters T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Vulnerability of coastal communities from storm surge and flood disasters VL - 13 ID - 24141 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives. To evaluate health impacts of drought during the most severe drought in California’s recorded history with a rapid assessment method.Methods. We conducted Community Assessments for Public Health Emergency Response during October through November 2015 in Tulare County and Mariposa County to evaluate household water access, acute stressors, exacerbations of chronic diseases and behavioral health issues, and financial impacts. We evaluated pairwise associations by logistic regression with pooled data.Results. By assessment area, households reported not having running water (3%–12%); impacts on finances (25%–39%), property (39%–54%), health (10%–20%), and peace of mind (33%–61%); worsening of a chronic disease (16%–46%); acute stress (8%–26%); and considering moving (14%–34%). Impacts on finances or property were each associated with impacts on health and peace of mind, and acute stress.Conclusions. Drought-impacted households might perceive physical and mental health effects and might experience financial or property impacts related to the drought.Public Health Implications. Local jurisdictions should consider implementing drought assistance programs, including behavioral health, and consider rapid assessments to inform public health action. AU - Barreau, Tracy AU - Conway, David AU - Haught, Karen AU - Jackson, Rebecca AU - Kreutzer, Richard AU - Lockman, Andrew AU - Minnick, Sharon AU - Roisman, Rachel AU - Rozell, David AU - Smorodinsky, Svetlana AU - Tafoya, Dana AU - Wilken, Jason A. DO - 10.2105/ajph.2017.303695 IS - 5 PY - 2017 SP - 783-790 ST - Physical, mental, and financial impacts from drought in two California counties, 2015 T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Physical, mental, and financial impacts from drought in two California counties, 2015 VL - 107 ID - 24142 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Introduction In the foothills of the Cumberland Mountains, in central Appalachia (a region that spans 13 states in the US), sits an economically distressed and rural community of the United States. Once a thriving coal-mining area, this region now is reported as one of the hardest places to live in the US. Southeastern Kentucky, located in a remote, rocky, mountainous area surrounded by rivers and valleys and prone to flooding, experienced a major flood in Spring 2013 causing significant damage to homes and critical infrastructure. Purpose Aims of the study were to: (1) identify and better understand the contextual variables compounding the impact of a disaster event that occurred in Spring 2013; (2) identify ways participants managed antecedent circumstances, risk, and protective factors to cope with disaster up to 12 months post-event; and (3) further determine implications for community-focused interventions that may enhance recovery for vulnerable populations to promote greater outcomes of adaptation, wellness, and readiness. Methods Using an ethnographic mixed-methods approach, an inter-collaborative team conducted face-to-face interviews with (N=12) Appalachian residents about their disaster experience, documented observations and visual assessment of need on an observation tool, and used photography depicting structural and environmental conditions. A Health and Emergency Preparedness Assessment Survey Tool was used to collect demographic, health, housing, environment, and disaster readiness assessment data. Community stakeholders facilitated purposeful sampling through coordination of scheduled home visits. Results Triangulation of all data sources provided evidence that the community had unique coping strategies related to faith and spirituality, cultural values and heritage, and social support to manage antecedent circumstances, risk, and protective factors during times of adversity that, in turn, enhanced resilience up to 12 months post-disaster. The community was found to have an innate capacity to persevere and utilize resources to manage and transcend adversity and restore equilibrium, which reflected components of resilience that deserve greater recognition and appreciation. Conclusion Resilience is a foundational concept for disaster science. A model of resilience for the rural Appalachia community was developed to visually depict the encompassing element of community-based interventions that may enhance coping strategies, mitigate risk factors, integrate protective factors, and strengthen access. Community-based interventions are recommended to strengthen resilience, yielding improved outcomes of adaptation, health and wellness, and disaster readiness. Banks LH , Davenport LA , Hayes MH , McArthur MA , Toro SN , King CE , Vazirani HM . Disaster Impact on Impoverished Area of US: An Inter-Professional Mixed Method Study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(6):583–592. AU - Banks, Linda H. AU - Davenport, Lisa A. AU - Hayes, Meghan H. AU - McArthur, Moriah A. AU - Toro, Stacey N. AU - King, Cameron E. AU - Vazirani, Hazel M. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1049023X1600090X DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 09/19 IS - 6 KW - disaster flooding resilience rural Appalachia vulnerability PY - 2016 SN - 1049-023X SP - 583-592 ST - Disaster impact on impoverished area of US: An inter-professional mixed method study T2 - Prehospital and Disaster Medicine TI - Disaster impact on impoverished area of US: An inter-professional mixed method study VL - 31 ID - 24143 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aziz, Ramy K. AU - Khalifa, Mohammed M. AU - Sharaf, Radwa R. DA - 2015/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jare.2013.07.007 IS - 4 KW - Epidemiology Infectious diseases Climate change Water crisis PY - 2015 SN - 2090-1232 SP - 539-547 ST - Contaminated water as a source of Helicobacter pylori infection: A review T2 - Journal of Advanced Research TI - Contaminated water as a source of Helicobacter pylori infection: A review VL - 6 ID - 24144 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Some rare heatwaves have extreme daily mortality impacts; moderate heatwaves have lower daily impacts but occur much more frequently at present and so account for large aggregated impacts. We applied health-based models to project trends in high-mortality heatwaves, including proportion of all heatwaves expected to be high-mortality, using the definition that a high-mortality heatwave increases mortality risk by ≥20 %. We projected these trends in 82 US communities in 2061–2080 under two scenarios of climate change (RCP4.5, RCP8.5), two scenarios of population change (SSP3, SSP5), and three scenarios of community adaptation to heat (none, lagged, on-pace) for large- and medium-ensemble versions of the National Center for Atmospheric Research’s Community Earth System Model. More high-mortality heatwaves were expected compared to present under all scenarios except on-pace adaptation, and population exposure was expected to increase under all scenarios. At least seven more high-mortality heatwaves were expected in a twenty-year period in the 82 study communities under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5 when assuming no adaptation. However, high-mortality heatwaves were expected to remain <1 % of all heatwaves and heatwave exposure under all scenarios. Projections were most strongly influenced by the adaptation scenario—going from a scenario of on-pace to lagged adaptation or from lagged to no adaptation more than doubled the projected number of and exposure to high-mortality heatwaves. Based on our results, fewer high-mortality heatwaves are expected when following RCP4.5 versus RCP8.5 and under higher levels of adaptation, but high-mortality heatwaves are expected to remain a very small proportion of total heatwave exposure. AU - Anderson, G. Brooke AU - Oleson, Keith W. AU - Jones, Bryan AU - Peng, Roger D. DA - August 30 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1779-x IS - 3-4 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 455-470 ST - Projected trends in high-mortality heatwaves under different scenarios of climate, population, and adaptation in 82 US communities T2 - Climatic Change TI - Projected trends in high-mortality heatwaves under different scenarios of climate, population, and adaptation in 82 US communities VL - 146 ID - 24145 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Anderson, Henry AU - Brown, Claudia AU - Cameron, Lorraine L. AU - Christenson, Megan AU - Conlon, Kathryn C. AU - Dorevitch, Samuel AU - Dumas, Justin AU - Eidson, Millicent AU - Ferguson, Aaron AU - Grossman, Elena AU - Hanson, Angelina AU - Hess, Jeremy J. AU - Hoppe, Brenda AU - Horton, Jane AU - Jagger, Meredith AU - Krueger, Stephanie AU - Largo, Thomas W. AU - Losurdo, Giovanna M. AU - Mack, Stephanie R. AU - Moran, Colleen AU - Mutnansky, Cassidy AU - Raab, Kristin AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Schramm, Paul J. AU - Shipp-Hilts, Asante AU - Smith, Sara J. AU - Thelen, Margaret AU - Thie, Lauren AU - Walker, Robert CY - Atlanta, GA NV - Climate and Health Technical Report Series PB - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Climate and Health Program PY - 2017 SP - 92 ST - Climate and Health Intervention Assessment: Evidence on Public Health Interventions to Prevent the Negative Health Effects of Climate Change TI - Climate and Health Intervention Assessment: Evidence on Public Health Interventions to Prevent the Negative Health Effects of Climate Change UR - https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/docs/ClimateAndHealthInterventionAssessment_508.pdf ID - 24146 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aldunce, Paulina AU - Beilin, Ruth AU - Handmer, John AU - Howden, Mark DA - 2016/01/02 DO - 10.1080/17477891.2015.1134427 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 1747-7891 SP - 58-73 ST - Stakeholder participation in building resilience to disasters in a changing climate T2 - Environmental Hazards TI - Stakeholder participation in building resilience to disasters in a changing climate VL - 15 ID - 24147 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rising global temperatures are causing major physical, chemical, and ecological changes in the planet. There is wide consensus among scientific organizations and climatologists that these broad effects, known as “climate change,” are the result of contemporary human activity. Climate change poses threats to human health, safety, and security, and children are uniquely vulnerable to these threats. The effects of climate change on child health include: physical and psychological sequelae of weather disasters; increased heat stress; decreased air quality; altered disease patterns of some climate-sensitive infections; and food, water, and nutrient insecurity in vulnerable regions. The social foundations of children’s mental and physical health are threatened by the specter of far-reaching effects of unchecked climate change, including community and global instability, mass migrations, and increased conflict. Given this knowledge, failure to take prompt, substantive action would be an act of injustice to all children. A paradigm shift in production and consumption of energy is both a necessity and an opportunity for major innovation, job creation, and significant, immediate associated health benefits. Pediatricians have a uniquely valuable role to play in the societal response to this global challenge. AU - Ahdoot, Samantha AU - The Council on Environmental Health DO - 10.1542/peds.2015-3232 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - 992-997 ST - Global climate change and children’s health T2 - Pediatrics TI - Global climate change and children’s health VL - 136 ID - 24148 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Becker, Emily CY - Silver Spring, MD M1 - June 9 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2016 ST - June 2016 ENSO Discussion: The New Neutral T2 - Climate.gov ENSO Discussion TI - June 2016 ENSO Discussion: The New Neutral UR - https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/june-enso-discussion-new-neutral ID - 24151 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mills, David AU - Jones, Russell AU - Wobus, Cameron AU - Ekstrom, Julia AU - Jantarasami, Lesley AU - St. Juliana, Alexis AU - Crimmins, Allison DO - 10.1289/EHP2594 IS - 4 PY - 2018 SP - 047007 ST - Projecting age-stratified risk of exposure to inland flooding and wildfire smoke in the United States under two climate scenarios T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Projecting age-stratified risk of exposure to inland flooding and wildfire smoke in the United States under two climate scenarios VL - 126 ID - 25202 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The intensely active 2017 Atlantic basin hurricane season provided an opportunity to examine how climate drivers, including warming oceans and rising seas, exacerbated tropical cyclone hazards. The season also highlighted the unique vulnerabilities of populations residing on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to the catastrophic potential of these storms. During 2017, 22 of the 29 Caribbean SIDS were affected by at least one named storm, and multiple SIDS experienced extreme damage. This paper aims to review the multiplicity of storm impacts on Caribbean SIDS throughout the 2017 season, to explicate the influences of climate drivers on storm formation and intensity, to explore the propensity of SIDS to sustain severe damage and prolonged disruption of essential services, to document the spectrum of public health consequences, and to delineate the daunting hurdles that challenged emergency response and recovery operations for island-based, disaster-affected populations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;page 1 of 13) AU - Shultz, James M. AU - Kossin, James P. AU - Shepherd, J. Marshall AU - Ransdell, Justine M. AU - Walshe, Rory AU - Kelman, Ilan AU - Galea, Sandro DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/dmp.2018.28 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2018/04/06 KW - climate change climate driver disaster disaster response hazard health consequences hurricane risk Small Island Developing States tropical cyclone tropical storm vulnerability PY - 2018 SN - 1935-7893 SP - 1-13 ST - Risks, health consequences, and response challenges for small-island-based populations: Observations from the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season T2 - Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness TI - Risks, health consequences, and response challenges for small-island-based populations: Observations from the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season ID - 25240 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yun, Josef AU - Greiner, Matthias AU - Höller, Christiane AU - Messelhäusser, Ute AU - Rampp, Albert AU - Klein, Günter DA - 06/21/online DO - 10.1038/srep28442 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 28442 ST - Association between the ambient temperature and the occurrence of human Salmonella and Campylobacter infections T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Association between the ambient temperature and the occurrence of human Salmonella and Campylobacter infections VL - 6 ID - 25310 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vickery, Jamie AU - Hunter, Lori M. DA - 2016/01/02 DO - 10.1080/08941920.2015.1045644 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 0894-1920 SP - 36-52 ST - Native Americans: Where in environmental justice research? T2 - Society & Natural Resources TI - Native Americans: Where in environmental justice research? VL - 29 ID - 25311 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Springmann, Marco AU - Mason-D'Croz, Daniel AU - Robinson, Sherman AU - Garnett, Tara AU - Godfray, H. Charles J. AU - Gollin, Douglas AU - Rayner, Mike AU - Ballon, Paola AU - Scarborough, Peter DA - 2016/05/07/ DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01156-3 IS - 10031 PY - 2016 SN - 0140-6736 SP - 1937-1946 ST - Global and regional health effects of future food production under climate change: A modelling study T2 - The Lancet TI - Global and regional health effects of future food production under climate change: A modelling study VL - 387 ID - 25312 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schulte, P. A. AU - Bhattacharya, A. AU - Butler, C. R. AU - Chun, H. K. AU - Jacklitsch, B. AU - Jacobs, T. AU - Kiefer, M. AU - Lincoln, J. AU - Pendergrass, S. AU - Shire, J. AU - Watson, J. AU - Wagner, G. R. DA - 2016/11/01 DO - 10.1080/15459624.2016.1179388 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SN - 1545-9624 SP - 847-865 ST - Advancing the framework for considering the effects of climate change on worker safety and health T2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene TI - Advancing the framework for considering the effects of climate change on worker safety and health VL - 13 ID - 25313 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ross, Michelle E. AU - Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana M. AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Song, Lihai AU - Goldfarb, David S. AU - Pulido, Jose AU - Warner, Steven AU - Furth, Susan L. AU - Tasian, Gregory E. DA - 2018/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.020 KW - Temperature Kidney stone presentations Nephrolithiasis Humidity Prediction PY - 2018 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 97-105 ST - Assessment of the combination of temperature and relative humidity on kidney stone presentations T2 - Environmental Research TI - Assessment of the combination of temperature and relative humidity on kidney stone presentations VL - 162 ID - 25314 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Petitti, Diana B. AU - Hondula, David M. AU - Yang, Shuo AU - Harlan, Sharon L. AU - Chowell, Gerardo DO - 10.1289/ehp.1409119 PY - 2016 SP - 176-183 ST - Multiple trigger points for quantifying heat-health impacts: New evidence from a hot climate T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Multiple trigger points for quantifying heat-health impacts: New evidence from a hot climate VL - 124 ID - 25315 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose Climate change is an emerging challenge linked to negative outcomes for the environment and human health. Since the 1960s, there has been a growing recognition of the need to address climate change and the impact of greenhouse gas emissions implicated in the warming of our planet. There are also deleterious health outcomes linked to complex climate changes that are emerging in the 21st century. This article addresses the social justice issues associated with climate change and human health and discussion of climate justice. Organizing Construct Discussion paper. Methods A literature search of electronic databases was conducted for articles, texts, and documents related to climate change, climate justice, and human health. Findings The literature suggests that those who contribute least to global warming are those who will disproportionately be affected by the negative health outcomes of climate change. The concept of climate justice and the role of the Mary Robinson Foundation—Climate Justice are discussed within a framework of nursing's professional responsibility and the importance of social justice for the world's people. The nursing profession must take a leadership role in engaging in policy and advocacy discussions in addressing the looming problems associated with climate change. Conclusions Nursing organizations have adopted resolutions and engaged in leadership roles to address climate change at the local, regional, national, and global level. It is essential that nurses embrace concepts related to social justice and engage in the policy debate regarding the deleterious effects on human health related to global warming and climate change. Nursing's commitment to social justice offers an opportunity to offer significant global leadership in addressing the health implications related to climate change. Clinical Relevance Recognizing the negative impacts of climate change on well‐being and the underlying socioeconomic reasons for their disproportionate and inequitable distribution can expand and optimize the profession's role in education, practice, research, and policy‐making efforts to address climate change. AU - Nicholas, Patrice K. AU - Breakey, Suellen DO - 10.1111/jnu.12326 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SP - 606-616 ST - Climate change, climate justice, and environmental health: Implications for the nursing profession T2 - Journal of Nursing Scholarship TI - Climate change, climate justice, and environmental health: Implications for the nursing profession VL - 49 ID - 25316 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ngo, Nicole S. AU - Horton, Radley M. DA - 2016/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.016 KW - Climate change Fetal health Urban sustainability PY - 2016 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 158-164 ST - Climate change and fetal health: The impacts of exposure to extreme temperatures in New York City T2 - Environmental Research TI - Climate change and fetal health: The impacts of exposure to extreme temperatures in New York City VL - 144 ID - 25317 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background There is emerging evidence that people affected by flooding suffer adverse impacts on their mental well-being, mostly based on self-reports.Methods We examined prescription records for drugs used in the management of common mental disorder among primary care practices located in the vicinity of recent large flood events in England, 2011–2014. A controlled interrupted time series analysis was conducted of the number of prescribing items for antidepressant drugs in the year before and after the flood onset. Pre–post changes were compared by distance of the practice from the inundated boundaries among 930 practices located within 10 km of a flood.Results After control for deprivation and population density, there was an increase of 0.59% (95% CI 0.24 to 0.94) prescriptions in the postflood year among practices located within 1 km of a flood over and above the change observed in the furthest distance band. The increase was greater in more deprived areas.Conclusions This study suggests an increase in prescribed antidepressant drugs in the year after flooding in primary care practices close to recent major floods in England. The degree to which the increase is actually concentrated in those flooded can only be determined by more detailed linkage studies. AU - Milojevic, Ai AU - Armstrong, Ben AU - Wilkinson, Paul DO - 10.1136/jech-2017-208899 IS - 10 PY - 2017 SP - 970-973 ST - Mental health impacts of flooding: A controlled interrupted time series analysis of prescribing data in England T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health TI - Mental health impacts of flooding: A controlled interrupted time series analysis of prescribing data in England VL - 71 ID - 25318 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This review examined the likely impact of climate change upon food-borne disease in the UK using Campylobacter and Salmonella as example organisms. Campylobacter is an important food-borne disease and an increasing public health threat. There is a reasonable evidence base that the environment and weather play a role in its transmission to humans. However, uncertainty as to the precise mechanisms through which weather affects disease, make it difficult to assess the likely impact of climate change. There are strong positive associations between Salmonella cases and ambient temperature, and a clear understanding of the mechanisms behind this. However, because the incidence of Salmonella disease is declining in the UK, any climate change increases are likely to be small. For both Salmonella and Campylobacter the disease incidence is greatest in older adults and young children. There are many pathways through which climate change may affect food but only a few of these have been rigorously examined. This provides a high degree of uncertainty as to what the impacts of climate change will be. Food is highly controlled at the National and EU level. This provides the UK with resilience to climate change as well as potential to adapt to its consequences but it is unknown whether these are sufficient in the context of a changing climate. AU - Lake, Iain R. DA - December 05 DO - 10.1186/s12940-017-0327-0 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1476-069X SP - 117 ST - Food-borne disease and climate change in the United Kingdom T2 - Environmental Health TI - Food-borne disease and climate change in the United Kingdom VL - 16 ID - 25319 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This report summarizes and discusses current knowledge on the impact that climate change can have on occupational safety and health (OSH), with a particular focus on the Americas. Worker safety and health issues are presented on topics related to specific stressors (e.g., temperature extremes), climate associated impacts (e.g., ice melt in the Arctic), and a health condition associated with climate change (chronic kidney disease of non-traditional etiology). The article discusses research needs, including hazards, surveillance, and risk assessment activities to better characterize and understand how OSH may be associated with climate change events. Also discussed are the actions that OSH professionals can take to ensure worker health and safety in the face of climate change. AN - PMC5176103 AU - Kiefer, Max AU - Rodríguez-Guzmán, Julietta AU - Watson, Joanna AU - van Wendel de Joode, Berna AU - Mergler, Donna AU - da Silva, Agnes Soares DB - PMC IS - 3 N1 - 27991978[pmid] Rev Panam Salud Publica PY - 2016 SN - 1020-4989 1680-5348 SP - 192-197 ST - Worker health and safety and climate change in the Americas: Issues and research needs T2 - Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American Journal of Public Health TI - Worker health and safety and climate change in the Americas: Issues and research needs UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5176103/ VL - 40 ID - 25320 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Kabisch, Nadja A2 - Korn, Horst A2 - Stadler, Jutta A2 - Bonn, Aletta AB - Climate change presents one of the greatest challenges to society today. Effects on nature and people are first experienced in cities as cities form microcosms with extreme temperature gradients, and by now, about half of the human population globally lives in urban areas. Climate change has significant impact on ecosystem functioning and well-being of people. Climatic stress leads to a decrease in the distribution of typical native species and influences society through health-related effects and socio-economic impacts by increased numbers of heat waves, droughts and flooding events. In addition to climate change, urbanisation and the accompanying increases in the number and size of cities are impacting ecosystems with a number of interlinked pressures. These pressures include loss and degradation of natural areas, soil sealing and the densification of built-up areas, which pose additional significant challenges to ecosystem functionality, the provision of ecosystem services and human well-being in cities around the world. However, nature-based solutions have the potential to counteract these pressures. Nature-based solutions (NBS) can foster and simplify implementation actions in urban landscapes by taking into account the services provided by nature. They include provision of urban green such as parks and street trees that may ameliorate high temperature in cities or regulate air and water flows or the allocation of natural habitat space in floodplains that may buffer impacts of flood events. Architectural solutions for buildings, such as green roofs and wall installations, may reduce temperature and save energy. This book brings together experts from science, policy and practice to provide an overview of our current state of knowledge on the effectiveness and implementation of nature-based solutions and their potential to the provision of ecosystem services, for climate change adaptation and co-benefits in urban areas. Scientific evidence to climate change adaptation is presented, and a further focus is on the potential of nature-based approaches to accelerate urban sustainability transitions and create additional, multiple health and social benefits. The book discusses socio-economic implications in relation to socio-economic equity, fairness and justice considerations when implementing NBS. AU - Kabisch, Nadja AU - Korn, Horst AU - Stadler, Jutta AU - Bonn, Aletta C4 - 85c390fe-4d9b-4713-95d1-2e6b83c01478 CY - Cham DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-56091-5_1 PB - Springer International Publishing PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-319-56091-5 SP - 1-11 ST - Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation in urban areas—Linkages between science, policy and practice T2 - Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas: Linkages between Science, Policy and Practice TI - Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation in urban areas—Linkages between science, policy and practice ID - 25321 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat waves are among the most dangerous climate-related hazards, and they are projected to increase in frequency and intensity over the coming century. Exposure to heat waves is a function of the spatial distribution of physical events and the corresponding population distribution, and future exposure will be impacted by changes in both distributions. Here, we project future exposure using ensembles of climate projections that account for the urban heat island effect, for two alternative emission scenarios (RCP4.5/RCP8.5) and two alternative population and urbanization (SSP3/SSP5) outcomes. We characterize exposure at the global, regional, and grid-cell level; estimate the exposure that would be avoided by mitigating future levels of climate change (to RCP4.5); and quantify the dependence of exposure on population outcomes. We find that climate change is a stronger determinant of exposure than demographic change in these scenarios, with a global reduction in exposure of over 50% under a lower emissions pathway, while a slower population growth pathway leads to roughly 30% less exposure. Exposure reduction varies at the regional level, but in almost all cases, the RCP remains more influential than the SSP. Uncertainty in outcomes is dominated by inter-annual variability in heat extremes (relative to variability across initial condition ensemble members). For some regions, this variability is large enough that a reduction in annual exposure is not guaranteed in each individual year by following the lower forcing pathway. Finally, we find that explicitly considering the urban heat island effect and separate urban and rural heat extremes and populations can substantially influence results, generally increasing projected exposure. AU - Jones, Bryan AU - Tebaldi, Claudia AU - O’Neill, Brian C. AU - Oleson, Keith AU - Gao, Jing DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2133-7 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 423-437 ST - Avoiding population exposure to heat-related extremes: Demographic change vs climate change T2 - Climatic Change TI - Avoiding population exposure to heat-related extremes: Demographic change vs climate change VL - 146 ID - 25322 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Island Press CY - Washington, DC and Troy, MI PB - Island Press and the Kresge Foundation PY - 2015 SP - 36 ST - Bounce Forward: Urban Resilience in the Era of Climate Change TI - Bounce Forward: Urban Resilience in the Era of Climate Change UR - https://kresge.org/sites/default/files/Bounce-Forward-Urban-Resilience-in-Era-of-Climate-Change-2015.pdf ID - 25323 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study assessed the health burden attributable to childhood underweight through 2050 focusing on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), by considering the latest scenarios for climate change studies (representative concentration pathways and shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs)) and conducting sensitivity analysis. A regression model for estimating DALYs attributable to childhood underweight (DAtU) was developed using the relationship between DAtU and childhood stunting. We combined a global computable general equilibrium model, a crop model, and two regression models to assess the future health burden. We found that (i) world total DAtU decreases from 2005 by 28 ∼ 63% in 2050 depending on the socioeconomic scenarios. Per capita DAtU also decreases in all regions under either scenario in 2050, but the decreases vary significantly by regions and scenarios. (ii) The impact of climate change is relatively small in the framework of this study but, on the other hand, socioeconomic conditions have a great impact on the future health burden. (iii) Parameter uncertainty of the regression models is the second largest factor on uncertainty of the result following the changes in socioeconomic condition, and uncertainty derived from the difference in global circulation models is the smallest in the framework of this study. AU - Ishida, Hiroyuki AU - Kobayashi, Shota AU - Kanae, Shinjiro AU - Hasegawa, Tomoko AU - Fujimori, Shinichiro AU - Shin, Yonghee AU - Takahashi, Kiyoshi AU - Masui, Toshihiko AU - Tanaka, Akemi AU - Honda, Yasushi DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/9/6/064014 IS - 6 PY - 2014 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 064014 ST - Global-scale projection and its sensitivity analysis of the health burden attributable to childhood undernutrition under the latest scenario framework for climate change research T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Global-scale projection and its sensitivity analysis of the health burden attributable to childhood undernutrition under the latest scenario framework for climate change research VL - 9 ID - 25324 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hellberg, Rosalee S. AU - Chu, Eric DA - 2016/07/03 DO - 10.3109/1040841X.2014.972335 IS - 4 PY - 2016 SN - 1040-841X SP - 548-572 ST - Effects of climate change on the persistence and dispersal of foodborne bacterial pathogens in the outdoor environment: A review T2 - Critical Reviews in Microbiology TI - Effects of climate change on the persistence and dispersal of foodborne bacterial pathogens in the outdoor environment: A review VL - 42 ID - 25325 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study quantified the impacts of climate change on human health through undernourishment using two economic measures. First, changes in morbidity and mortality due to nine diseases caused by being underweight as a child were analyzed using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model with changes in the labor force, population, and demands for healthcare taken into consideration. Second, changes in mortality were taken from the CGE simulation and assessed economically by the value of lives lost and willingness to pay to reduce the risk. Model uncertainties in future crop yields and climate conditions were considered using future projections from six global crop models and five global climate models. We found that the economic valuation of healthy lives lost due to undernourishment under climate change was equivalent to −0.4 % to 0.0 % of global gross domestic product (GDP) and was regionally heterogeneous, ranging from −4.0 % to 0.0 % of regional GDP in 2100. In contrast, the actual economic losses associated with the effects of additional health expenditure and the decrease in the labor force due to undernourishment resulting from climate change corresponded to a − 0.1 % to 0.0 % change in GDP and a − 0.2 % to 0.0 % change in household consumption, respectively, at the global level. AU - Hasegawa, Tomoko AU - Fujimori, Shinichiro AU - Takahashi, Kiyoshi AU - Yokohata, Tokuta AU - Masui, Toshihiko DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1606-4 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 189-202 ST - Economic implications of climate change impacts on human health through undernourishment T2 - Climatic Change TI - Economic implications of climate change impacts on human health through undernourishment VL - 136 ID - 25326 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gutierrez, Kristie AU - LePrevost, Catherine DO - 10.3390/ijerph13020189 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 189 ST - Climate justice in rural southeastern United States: A review of climate change impacts and effects on human health T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Climate justice in rural southeastern United States: A review of climate change impacts and effects on human health VL - 13 ID - 25327 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Forman, Fonna AU - Solomon, Gina AU - Morello-Frosch, Rachel AU - Pezzoli, Keith DO - 10.1525/collabra.67 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 22 ST - Chapter 8. Bending the curve and closing the gap: Climate justice and public health T2 - Collabra TI - Chapter 8. Bending the curve and closing the gap: Climate justice and public health VL - 2 ID - 25329 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Louisiana faces extensive coastal land loss which threatens the livelihoods of marginalized populations. These groups have endured extreme disruptive events in the past and have survived in the region by relying on several resilient practices, including mobility. Facing environmental changes that will be wrought by deliberate coastal restoration programs, elderly residents are resisting migration while younger residents continue a decades-long inland migration. Interviews and historical records illustrate a complex intersection of resilient practices and environmental migration. The process underway conflicts to some extent with prevailing concepts in environmental migration, most notably deviating from established migration patterns. In terms of social justice, selective out-migration of younger adults leaves a more vulnerable population behind, but also provides a supplementary source of income and social links to inland locales. Organized resistance to restoration projects represents a social justice response to programs that threaten the resource-based livelihoods of coastal residents while offering protection to safer inland urban residents. AU - Colten, Craig E. AU - Simms, Jessica R. Z. AU - Grismore, Audrey A. AU - Hemmerling, Scott A. DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s10113-017-1115-7 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1436-378X SP - 371-383 ST - Social justice and mobility in coastal Louisiana, USA T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - Social justice and mobility in coastal Louisiana, USA VL - 18 ID - 25330 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global warming is leading to increased frequency and severity of storms that are associated with flooding, increasing the risk to urban, coastal populations. This study examined perceptions of the relationship between severe storms, sea level rise, climate change and ecological barriers by a vulnerable environmental justice population in New Jersey. Patients using New Jersey’s Federally Qualified Health Centers were interviewed after Hurricane [Superstorm] Sandy because it is essential to understand the perceptions of uninsured, underinsured, and economically challenged people to better develop a resiliency strategy for the most vulnerable people. Patients (N = 355) using 6 centers were interviewed using a structured interview form. Patients were interviewed in the order they entered the reception area, in either English or Spanish. Respondents were asked to rate their agreement with environmental statements. Respondents 1) agreed with experts that “severe storms were due to climate change”, “storms will come more often”, and that “flooding was due to sea level rise”, 2) did not agree as strongly that “climate change was due to human activity”, 3) were neutral for statements that “Sandy damages were due to loss of dunes or salt marshes”. 4) did not differ as a function of ethnic/racial categories, and 5) showed few gender differences. It is imperative that the public understand that climate change and sea level rise are occurring so that they support community programs (and funding) to prepare for increased frequency of storms and coastal flooding. The lack of high ratings for the role of dunes and marshes in preventing flooding indicates a lack of understanding that ecological structures protect coasts, and suggests a lack of support for management actions to restore dunes as part of a coastal preparedness strategy. Perceptions that do not support a public policy of coastal zone management to protect coastlines can lead to increased flooding, extensive property damages, and injuries or loss of life. AU - Burger, Joanna AU - Gochfeld, Michael DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s11252-017-0678-x IS - 6 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1642 SP - 1261-1275 ST - Perceptions of severe storms, climate change, ecological structures and resiliency three years post-hurricane Sandy in New Jersey T2 - Urban Ecosystems TI - Perceptions of severe storms, climate change, ecological structures and resiliency three years post-hurricane Sandy in New Jersey VL - 20 ID - 25331 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Introduction Although many studies have delineated the variety and magnitude of impacts that climate change is likely to have on health, very little is known about how well hospitals are poised to respond to these impacts. Hypothesis/Problem The hypothesis is that most modern hospitals in urban areas in the United States need to augment their current disaster planning to include climate-related impacts. Methods Using Los Angeles County (California USA) as a case study, historical data for emergency department (ED) visits and projections for extreme-heat events were used to determine how much climate change is likely to increase ED visits by mid-century for each hospital. In addition, historical data about the location of wildfires in Los Angeles County and projections for increased frequency of both wildfires and flooding related to sea-level rise were used to identify which area hospitals will have an increased risk of climate-related wildfires or flooding at mid-century. Results Only a small fraction of the total number of predicted ED visits at mid-century would likely to be due to climate change. By contrast, a significant portion of hospitals in Los Angeles County are in close proximity to very high fire hazard severity zones (VHFHSZs) and would be at greater risk to wildfire impacts as a result of climate change by mid-century. One hospital in Los Angeles County was anticipated to be at greater risk due to flooding by mid-century as a result of climate-related sea-level rise. Conclusion This analysis suggests that several Los Angeles County hospitals should focus their climate-change-related planning on building resiliency to wildfires. Adelaine SA , Sato M , Jin Y , Godwin H . An Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Los Angeles (California USA) Hospitals, Wildfires Highest Priority. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(5):556–562. AU - Adelaine, Sabrina A. AU - Sato, Mizuki AU - Jin, Yufang AU - Godwin, Hilary DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1049023X17006586 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2017/06/13 IS - 5 KW - climate change hospital wildfire PY - 2017 SN - 1049-023X SP - 556-562 ST - An assessment of climate change impacts on Los Angeles (California USA) hospitals, wildfires highest priority T2 - Prehospital and Disaster Medicine TI - An assessment of climate change impacts on Los Angeles (California USA) hospitals, wildfires highest priority VL - 32 ID - 25332 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baker-Austin, Craig AU - Trinanes, Joaquin AU - Gonzalez-Escalona, Narjol AU - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime DA - 2017/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.008 IS - 1 KW - climate change heatwave infectious diseases PY - 2017 SN - 0966-842X SP - 76-84 ST - Non-cholera vibrios: The microbial barometer of climate change T2 - Trends in Microbiology TI - Non-cholera vibrios: The microbial barometer of climate change VL - 25 ID - 25333 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Valley fever is endemic to the southwestern United States. Humans contract this fungal disease by inhaling spores of Coccidioides spp. Changes in the environment can influence the abundance and dispersal of Coccidioides spp., causing fluctuations in valley fever incidence. We combined county‐level case records from state health agencies to create a regional valley fever database for the southwestern United States, including Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. We used this data set to explore how environmental factors influenced the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of valley fever incidence during 2000–2015. We compiled climate and environmental geospatial data sets from multiple sources to compare with valley fever incidence. These variables included air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, surface dust concentration, normalized difference vegetation index, and cropland area. We found that valley fever incidence was greater in areas with warmer air temperatures and drier soils. The mean annual cycle of incidence varied throughout the southwestern United States and peaked following periods of low precipitation and soil moisture. From year‐to‐year, however, autumn incidence was higher following cooler, wetter, and productive springs in the San Joaquin Valley of California. In southcentral Arizona, incidence increased significantly through time. By 2015, incidence in this region was more than double the rate in the San Joaquin Valley. Our analysis provides a framework for interpreting the influence of climate change on valley fever incidence dynamics. Our results may allow the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to improve their estimates of the spatial pattern and intensity of valley fever endemicity. AU - Gorris, M. E. AU - Cat, L. A. AU - Zender, C. S. AU - Treseder, K. K. AU - Randerson, J. T. DO - 10.1002/2017GH000095 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - 6-24 ST - Coccidioidomycosis dynamics in relation to climate in the southwestern United States T2 - GeoHealth TI - Coccidioidomycosis dynamics in relation to climate in the southwestern United States VL - 2 ID - 25334 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levy, Karen AU - Woster, Andrew P. AU - Goldstein, Rebecca S. AU - Carlton, Elizabeth J. DA - 2016/05/17 DO - 10.1021/acs.est.5b06186 IS - 10 PY - 2016 SN - 0013-936X SP - 4905-4922 ST - Untangling the impacts of climate change on waterborne diseases: A systematic review of relationships between diarrheal diseases and temperature, rainfall, flooding, and drought T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Untangling the impacts of climate change on waterborne diseases: A systematic review of relationships between diarrheal diseases and temperature, rainfall, flooding, and drought VL - 50 ID - 25335 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Campylobacter spp. is a commonly reported food-borne disease with major consequences for morbidity. In conjunction with predicted increases in temperature, proliferation in the survival of microorganisms in hotter environments is expected. This is likely to lead, in turn, to an increase in contamination of food and water and a rise in numbers of cases of infectious gastroenteritis. This study assessed the relationship of Campylobacter spp. with temperature and heatwaves, in Adelaide, South Australia. We estimated the effect of (i) maximum temperature and (ii) heatwaves on daily Campylobacter cases during the warm seasons (1 October to 31 March) from 1990 to 2012 using Poisson regression models. There was no evidence of a substantive effect of maximum temperature per 1 °C rise (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0·995, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0·993–0·997) nor heatwaves (IRR 0·906, 95% CI 0·800–1·026) on Campylobacter cases. In relation to heatwave intensity, which is the daily maximum temperature during a heatwave, notifications decreased by 19% within a temperature range of 39–40·9 °C (IRR 0·811, 95% CI 0·692–0·952). We found little evidence of an increase in risk and lack of association between Campylobacter cases and temperature or heatwaves in the warm seasons. Heatwave intensity may play a role in that notifications decreased with higher temperatures. Further examination of the role of behavioural and environmental factors in an effort to reduce the risk of increased Campylobacter cases is warranted. AU - Milazzo, A. AU - Giles, L. C. AU - Zhang, Y. AU - Koehler, A. P. AU - Hiller, J. E. AU - Bi, P. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S095026881700139X DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2017/07/11 IS - 12 KW - Campylobacter climate impact of food-borne infections infectious disease epidemiology PY - 2017 SN - 0950-2688 SP - 2603-2610 ST - The effects of ambient temperature and heatwaves on daily Campylobacter cases in Adelaide, Australia, 1990–2012 T2 - Epidemiology and Infection TI - The effects of ambient temperature and heatwaves on daily Campylobacter cases in Adelaide, Australia, 1990–2012 VL - 145 ID - 25336 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Munro, Alice AU - Kovats, R. Sari AU - Rubin, G. James AU - Waite, Thomas David AU - Bone, Angie AU - Armstrong, Ben DA - 2017/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30047-5 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SN - 2542-5196 SP - e134-e141 ST - Effect of evacuation and displacement on the association between flooding and mental health outcomes: A cross-sectional analysis of UK survey data T2 - The Lancet Planetary Health TI - Effect of evacuation and displacement on the association between flooding and mental health outcomes: A cross-sectional analysis of UK survey data VL - 1 ID - 25337 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Semenza, Jan C. AU - Trinanes, Joaquin AU - Lohr, Wolfgang AU - Sudre, Bertrand AU - Löfdahl, Margareta AU - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime AU - Nichols, Gordon L. AU - Rocklöv, Joacim DO - 10.1289/EHP2198 IS - 10 PY - 2017 SP - 107004 ST - Environmental suitability of Vibrio infections in a warming climate: An early warning system T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Environmental suitability of Vibrio infections in a warming climate: An early warning system VL - 125 ID - 25338 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Global climate change is expected to increase the risk of diarrhoeal diseases, a leading cause of childhood mortality. However, there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of these effects and which populations bear the greatest risks. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using defined search terms across four major databases and, additionally, examined the references of 54 review articles captured by the search. We evaluated sources of heterogeneity by pathogen taxon, exposure measure, study quality, country income level and regional climate, and estimated pooled effect estimates for the subgroups identified in the heterogeneity analysis, using meta-analysis methods. Results: We identified 26 studies with 49 estimates. Pathogen taxa were a source of heterogeneity. There was a positive association between ambient temperature and all-cause diarrhoea (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.10) and bacterial diarrhoea (IRR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.10), but not viral diarrhoea (IRR 0.96; 95% CI 0.82, 1.11). These associations were observed in low-, middle- and high-income countries. Only one study of protozoan diarrhoea was identified. Conclusions: Changes in temperature due to global climate change can and may already be affecting diarrhoeal disease incidence. The vulnerability of populations may depend, in part, on local pathogen distribution. However, evidence of publication bias and the uneven geographical distribution of studies limit the precision and generalizability of the pooled estimates. AU - Carlton, Elizabeth J. AU - Woster, Andrew P. AU - DeWitt, Peter AU - Goldstein, Rebecca S. AU - Levy, Karen DO - 10.1093/ije/dyv296 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 0300-5771 SP - 117-130 ST - A systematic review and meta-analysis of ambient temperature and diarrhoeal diseases T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology TI - A systematic review and meta-analysis of ambient temperature and diarrhoeal diseases VL - 45 ID - 26099 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It is now recognized that climate change affects human health. The question is how to adapt. This article examines mainstreaming climate considerations into public health programs and the utility of climate change and health adaptation frameworks, using Ontario, Canada, as a case study. AU - Clarke, Kaila-Lea AU - Berry, Peter DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s00038-011-0292-2 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1661-8564 SP - 167-174 ST - From theory to practice: A Canadian case study of the utility of climate change adaptation frameworks to address health impacts T2 - International Journal of Public Health TI - From theory to practice: A Canadian case study of the utility of climate change adaptation frameworks to address health impacts VL - 57 ID - 26101 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to cause extensive shifts in the epidemiology of infectious and vector-borne diseases. Scenarios on the effects of climate change typically attribute altered distribution of communicable diseases to a rise in average temperature and altered incidence of infectious diseases to weather extremes. Methods Recent evaluations of the effects of climate change on Hawaii have not explored this link. It may be expected that Hawaii’s natural geography and robust water, sanitation, and health care infrastructure renders residents less vulnerable to many threats that are the focus on smaller, lesser developed, and more vulnerable Pacific islands. In addition, Hawaii’s communicable disease surveillance and response system can act rapidly to counter increases in any disease above baseline and to redirect resources to deal with changes, particularly outbreaks due to exotic pathogens. Results The evidence base examined in this article consistently revealed very low climate sensitivity with respect to infectious and mosquito-borne diseases. Conclusions A community resilience model is recommended to increase adaptive capacity for all possible climate change impacts rather an approach that focuses specifically on communicable diseases. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:797–804) AU - Canyon, Deon V. AU - Speare, Rick AU - Burkle, Frederick M. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/dmp.2016.73 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2016/08/12 IS - 6 KW - infectious disease medicine emergency preparedness disease outbreaks disaster planning PY - 2016 SN - 1935-7893 SP - 797-804 ST - Forecasted impact of climate change on infectious disease and health security in Hawaii by 2050 T2 - Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness TI - Forecasted impact of climate change on infectious disease and health security in Hawaii by 2050 VL - 10 ID - 26102 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this Focus article, the authors ask a seemingly simple question: Are harmful algal blooms (HABs) becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? When HAB events require restrictions on fisheries, recreation, and drinking water uses of inland water bodies significant economic consequences result. Unfortunately, the magnitude, frequency, and duration of HABs in inland waters are poorly understood across spatiotemporal scales and differentially engaged among states, tribes, and territories. Harmful algal bloom impacts are not as predictable as those from conventional chemical contaminants, for which water quality assessment and management programs were primarily developed, because interactions among multiple natural and anthropogenic factors determine the likelihood and severity to which a HAB will occur in a specific water body. These forcing factors can also affect toxin production. Beyond site-specific water quality degradation caused directly by HABs, the presence of HAB toxins can negatively influence routine surface water quality monitoring, assessment, and management practices. Harmful algal blooms present significant challenges for achieving water quality protection and restoration goals when these toxins confound interpretation of monitoring results and environmental quality standards implementation efforts for other chemicals and stressors. Whether HABs presently represent the greatest threat to inland water quality is debatable, though in inland waters of developed countries they typically cause more severe acute impacts to environmental quality than conventional chemical contamination events. The authors identify several timely research needs. Environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry, and risk-assessment expertise must interface with ecologists, engineers, and public health practitioners to engage the complexities of HAB assessment and management, to address the forcing factors for HAB formation, and to reduce the threats posed to inland surface water quality. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:6–13. © 2015 SETAC AU - Brooks, Bryan W. AU - Lazorchak, James M. AU - Howard, Meredith D.A. AU - Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V. AU - Morton, Steve L. AU - Perkins, Dawn A.K. AU - Reavie, Euan D. AU - Scott, Geoffrey I. AU - Smith, Stephanie A. AU - Steevens, Jeffery A. DO - 10.1002/etc.3220 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 6-13 ST - Are harmful algal blooms becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? T2 - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry TI - Are harmful algal blooms becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? VL - 35 ID - 26103 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The human-pathogenic marine bacteria Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus are strongly correlated with water temperature, with concentrations increasing as waters warm seasonally. Both of these bacteria can be concentrated in filter-feeding shellfish, especially oysters. Because oysters are often consumed raw, this exposes people to large doses of potentially harmful bacteria. Various models are used to predict the abundance of these bacteria in oysters, which guide shellfish harvest policy meant to reduce human health risk. Vibrio abundance and behaviour varies from site to site, suggesting that location-specific studies are needed to establish targeted risk reduction strategies. Moreover, virulence potential, rather than simple abundance, should be also be included in future modeling efforts. AU - Froelich, Brett A. AU - Noble, Rachel T. DO - 10.1098/rstb.2015.0209 IS - 1689 PY - 2016 SP - 20150209 ST - Vibrio bacteria in raw oysters: Managing risks to human health T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Vibrio bacteria in raw oysters: Managing risks to human health VL - 371 ID - 26104 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Determining the role of weather in waterborne infections is a priority public health research issue as climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of extreme precipitation and temperature events. To document the current knowledge on this topic, we performed a literature review of analytical research studies that have combined epidemiological and meteorological data in order to analyze associations between extreme precipitation or temperature and waterborne disease. AU - Guzman Herrador, Bernardo R. AU - de Blasio, Birgitte Freiesleben AU - MacDonald, Emily AU - Nichols, Gordon AU - Sudre, Bertrand AU - Vold, Line AU - Semenza, Jan C. AU - Nygård, Karin DA - March 27 DO - 10.1186/s12940-015-0014-y IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1476-069X SP - 29 ST - Analytical studies assessing the association between extreme precipitation or temperature and drinking water-related waterborne infections: A review T2 - Environmental Health TI - Analytical studies assessing the association between extreme precipitation or temperature and drinking water-related waterborne infections: A review VL - 14 ID - 26105 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leight, A. K. AU - Hood, R. AU - Wood, R. AU - Brohawn, K. DA - 2016/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.055 KW - Climate Fecal coliforms Sea level pressure PY - 2016 SN - 0043-1354 SP - 270-281 ST - Climate relationships to fecal bacterial densities in Maryland shellfish harvest waters T2 - Water Research TI - Climate relationships to fecal bacterial densities in Maryland shellfish harvest waters VL - 89 ID - 26106 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Mack, A. AU - Linthicum, Kenneth J. AU - Anyamba, Assaf AU - Britch, Seth C. AU - Small, Jennifer L. AU - Tucker, Compton J. C4 - caee7e9f-762a-4b4c-a1db-1c7153933499 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/21792 PB - National Academies Press PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-309-37759-1 SP - 202-220 ST - Climate teleconnections, weather extremes, and vector-borne disease outbreaks T2 - Global Health Impacts of Vector-Borne Diseases: Workshop Summary TI - Climate teleconnections, weather extremes, and vector-borne disease outbreaks ID - 26107 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mellor, Jonathan E. AU - Levy, Karen AU - Zimmerman, Julie AU - Elliott, Mark AU - Bartram, Jamie AU - Carlton, Elizabeth AU - Clasen, Thomas AU - Dillingham, Rebecca AU - Eisenberg, Joseph AU - Guerrant, Richard AU - Lantagne, Daniele AU - Mihelcic, James AU - Nelson, Kara DA - 2016/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.087 KW - Climate change Water Health Diarrhea Complex systems Coupled systems PY - 2016 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 82-90 ST - Planning for climate change: The need for mechanistic systems-based approaches to study climate change impacts on diarrheal diseases T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Planning for climate change: The need for mechanistic systems-based approaches to study climate change impacts on diarrheal diseases VL - 548-549 ID - 26108 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ogden, Nick H. AU - Lindsay, L. Robbin DO - 10.1016/j.pt.2016.04.015 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SN - 1471-4922 SP - 646-656 ST - Effects of climate and climate change on vectors and vector-borne diseases: Ticks are different T2 - Trends in Parasitology TI - Effects of climate and climate change on vectors and vector-borne diseases: Ticks are different VL - 32 Y2 - 2018/08/23 ID - 26109 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Roth, Marcie DA - 2018/03/04 DO - 10.1080/00963402.2018.1436808 IS - 2 PY - 2018 SN - 0096-3402 SP - 91-94 ST - A resilient community is one that includes and protects everyone T2 - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists TI - A resilient community is one that includes and protects everyone VL - 74 ID - 26110 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sheffield, Perry AU - Uijttewaal, Simone AU - Stewart, James AU - Galvez, Maida DO - 10.3390/ijerph14111397 IS - 11 PY - 2017 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 1397 ST - Climate change and schools: Environmental hazards and resiliency T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Climate change and schools: Environmental hazards and resiliency VL - 14 ID - 26111 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M. AU - Perkins, T. Alex AU - Waller, Lance A. AU - Lloyd, Alun L. AU - Reiner, Robert C., Jr. AU - Scott, Thomas W. AU - Kitron, Uriel DO - 10.1016/j.pt.2016.01.001 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SN - 1471-4922 SP - 356-367 ST - Coupled heterogeneities and their impact on parasite transmission and control T2 - Trends in Parasitology TI - Coupled heterogeneities and their impact on parasite transmission and control VL - 32 Y2 - 2018/08/23 ID - 26112 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M. AU - Lenhart, Audrey AU - Manrique-Saide, Pablo DO - 10.1093/trstmh/trw070 IS - 10 PY - 2016 SN - 0035-9203 SP - 567-569 ST - Housing improvement: A novel paradigm for urban vector-borne disease control? T2 - Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene TI - Housing improvement: A novel paradigm for urban vector-borne disease control? VL - 110 ID - 26113 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose Rising global temperatures have resulted in an increased frequency and severity of cyclones, hurricanes, and flooding in many parts of the world. These climate change–related water disasters (CCRWDs) have a devastating impact on communities and the health of residents. Clinicians and policymakers require a substantive body of evidence on which to base planning, prevention, and disaster response to these events. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature concerning the impact of CCRWDs on public health in order to identify factors in these events that are amenable to preparedness and mitigation. Ultimately, this evidence could be used by nurses to advocate for greater preparedness initiatives and inform national and international disaster policy. Design and Methods A systematic literature review of publications identified through a comprehensive search of five relevant databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted using a modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach in January 2017 to describe major themes and associated factors of the impact of CCRWDs on population health. Findings Three major themes emerged: environmental disruption resulting in exposure to toxins, population susceptibility, and health systems infrastructure (failure to plan-prepare-mitigate, inadequate response, and lack of infrastructure). Direct health impact was characterized by four major categories: weather-related morbidity and mortality, waterborne diseases/water-related illness, vector-borne and zoonotic diseases, and psychiatric/mental health effects. Scope and duration of the event are factors that exacerbate the impact of CCRWDs. Discussion of specific factors amenable to mitigation was limited. Flooding as an event was overrepresented in this analysis (60%), and the majority of the research reviewed was conducted in high-income or upper middle-/high-income countries (62%), despite the fact that low-income countries bear a disproportionate share of the burden on morbidity and mortality from CCRWDs. Conclusions Empirical evidence related to CCRWDs is predominately descriptive in nature, characterizing the cascade of climatic shifts leading to major environmental disruption and exposure to toxins, and their resultant morbidity and mortality. There is inadequate representation of research exploring potentially modifiable factors associated with CCRWDs and their impact on population health. This review lays the foundation for a wide array of further areas of analysis to explore the negative health impacts of CCRWDs and for nurses to take a leadership role in identifying and advocating for evidence-based policies to plan, prevent, or mitigate these effects. Clinical Relevance Nurses comprise the largest global healthcare workforce and are in a position to advocate for disaster preparedness for CCRWDs, develop more robust environmental health policies, and work towards mitigating exposure to environmental toxins that may threaten human health. AU - Veenema, Tener Goodwin AU - Thornton, Clifton P. AU - Lavin, Roberta Proffitt AU - Bender, Annah K. AU - Seal, Stella AU - Corley, Andrew DO - 10.1111/jnu.12328 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SP - 625-634 ST - Climate change–related water disasters’ impact on population health T2 - Journal of Nursing Scholarship TI - Climate change–related water disasters’ impact on population health VL - 49 ID - 26114 ER - TY - WEB AU - National Hurricane Center CY - Miami, FL PB - NOAA National Weather Service PY - 2018 ST - National Storm Surge Hazard Maps—Version 2 TI - National Storm Surge Hazard Maps—Version 2 UR - https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/nationalsurge/ ID - 26115 ER - TY - WEB AU - DHS CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) PY - 2018 ST - Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data (HIFLD) [web tool] TI - Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data (HIFLD) [web tool] UR - https://hifld-geoplatform.opendata.arcgis.com/ ID - 26116 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Executive Office of the President CY - Washington, D.C. DA - November 1 PB - The [Obama] White House, Office of the Press Secretary PY - 2013 ST - Fact Sheet: Executive Order on Climate Preparedness TI - Fact Sheet: Executive Order on Climate Preparedness UR - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/11/01/fact-sheet-executive-order-climate-preparedness ID - 26685 ER -