TY - STAT SE - 428 SP - 5189f (Supp. I 2014) ST - Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act TI - Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act UR - https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1519395888776-af5f95a1a9237302af7e3fd5b0d07d71/StaffordAct.pdf VL - 42 U.S.C. ID - 26005 ER - TY - STAT SE - 150 ST - National Goals and Performance Management Measures TI - National Goals and Performance Management Measures UR - http://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:23%20section:150%20edition:prelim) VL - 23 U.S.C. ID - 26147 ER - TY - DATA C4 - c797c0af-6175-484c-b63f-1ab43b433359 PB - U.S. Census Bureau ST - 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates TI - 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates UR - https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/affhelp/jsf/pages/metadata.xhtml?lang=en&type=dataset&id=dataset.en.ACS_15_5YR# ID - 26440 ER - TY - STAT DA - December 23 M1 - 99-198 NV - 99 PY - 1985 SP - 1504 ST - Food Security Act of 1985 TI - Food Security Act of 1985 UR - https://legcounsel.house.gov/Comps/99-198%20-%20Food%20Security%20Act%20Of%201985.pdf ID - 22551 ER - TY - STAT DA - November 16 M1 - 101-606 NV - 104 PY - 1990 RN - http://www.globalchange.gov/about/legal-mandate in-text cite: GCRA 1990 SP - 3096-3104 ST - Global Change Research Act of 1990 TI - Global Change Research Act of 1990 UR - http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-104/pdf/STATUTE-104-Pg3096.pdf ID - 13514 ER - TY - STAT DA - December 19 M1 - 110-140 NV - 121 PY - 2007 SP - 1492 ST - Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 TI - Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 UR - https://www.congress.gov/110/plaws/publ140/PLAW-110publ140.pdf ID - 22687 ER - TY - STAT DA - January 29 M1 - 113-2 PY - 2013 SE - 1110 ST - Sandy Recovery Improvement Act of 2013 TI - Sandy Recovery Improvement Act of 2013 UR - https://www.congress.gov/113/plaws/publ2/PLAW-113publ2.pdf ID - 26004 ER - TY - HEAR DA - April 3, 2014 ET - Second PY - 2014 ST - Hearing on the 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review T2 - House of Representatives, Committee on Armed Services T3 - United States Congress, One Hundred Thirteenth TI - Hearing on the 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review UR - https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-113hhrg87865/html/CHRG-113hhrg87865.htm ID - 22132 ER - TY - STAT C5 - Legislature of the State of Hawaii ET - 27th Legislature PY - 2014 ST - Hawaii Climate Adaptation Initiative Act (H.B. No. 1714) TI - Hawaii Climate Adaptation Initiative Act (H.B. No. 1714) UR - http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session2014/bills/HB1714_.HTM ID - 22367 ER - TY - HEAR C2 - 114 CY - Washington, DC DA - July 19 PY - 2017 ST - Public hearing: The state of rural infrastructure T2 - House Committee on Agriculture T3 - U.S. House of Representatives TI - Public hearing: The state of rural infrastructure UR - https://agriculture.house.gov/calendar/eventsingle.aspx?EventID=3974 ID - 26134 ER - TY - WEB AU - AASHTO CY - Washington, DC PB - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) PY - 2013 ST - Commuting in America 2013 TI - Commuting in America 2013 UR - http://traveltrends.transportation.org/Pages/default.aspx ID - 24609 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abate, Randall S. AU - Kronk Warner, Elizabeth Ann IS - 2 PY - 2013 SP - 179-195 ST - Commonality among unique indigenous communities: An introduction to climate change and its impacts on Indigenous Peoples T2 - Tulane Environmental Law Journal TI - Commonality among unique indigenous communities: An introduction to climate change and its impacts on Indigenous Peoples UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2268164_code1708382.pdf?abstractid=2268164&mirid=1 VL - 26 ID - 22016 ER - TY - EDBOOK AB - Indigenous peoples occupy a unique niche within the climate justice movement, as many indigenous communities live subsistence lifestyles that are severely disrupted by the effects of climate change. Additionally, in many parts of the world, domestic law is applied differently to indigenous peoples than it is to their non-indigenous peers, further complicating the quest for legal remedies. The contributors to this book bring a range of expert legal perspectives to this complex discussion, offering both a comprehensive explanation of climate change-related problems faced by indigenous communities and a breakdown of various real world attempts to devise workable legal solutions. Regions covered include North and South America (Brazil, Canada, the US and the Arctic), the Pacific Islands (Fiji, Tuvalu and the Federated States of Micronesia), Australia and New Zealand, Asia (China and Nepal) and Africa (Kenya). AU - Abate, Randall S. AU - Kronk Warner, Elizabeth Ann DA - 2013 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing PY - 2013 SN - 978 1 78100 179 0 ST - Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples: The Search for Legal Remedies TI - Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples: The Search for Legal Remedies ID - 22366 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abatzoglou, John T. DO - 10.1002/joc.2137 IS - 8 KW - climate variability climate change hydrology snow Western United States PY - 2011 SN - 1097-0088 SP - 1135-1142 ST - Influence of the PNA on declining mountain snowpack in the Western United States T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Influence of the PNA on declining mountain snowpack in the Western United States VL - 31 ID - 21467 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Increased wildfire activity (e.g. number of starts, area burned, fire behaviour) across the western United States in recent decades has heightened interest in resolving climate–fire relationships. Macroscale climate–fire relationships were examined in forested and non-forested lands for eight Geographic Area Coordination Centers in the western United States, using area burned derived from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity dataset (1984–2010). Fire-specific biophysical variables including fire danger and water balance metrics were considered in addition to standard climate variables of monthly temperature, precipitation and drought indices to explicitly determine their optimal capacity to explain interannual variability in area burned. Biophysical variables tied to the depletion of fuel and soil moisture and prolonged periods of elevated fire-danger had stronger correlations to area burned than standard variables antecedent to or during the fire season, particularly in forested systems. Antecedent climate–fire relationships exhibited inter-region commonality with area burned in forested lands correlated with winter snow water equivalent and emergent drought in late spring. Area burned in non-forested lands correlated with moisture availability in the growing season preceding the fire year. Despite differences in the role of antecedent climate in preconditioning fuels, synchronous regional fire activity in forested and non-forested lands suggests that atmospheric conditions during the fire season unify fire activity and can compound or supersede antecedent climatic stressors. Collectively, climate–fire relationships viewed through the lens of biophysical variables provide a more direct link to fuel flammability and wildfire activity than standard climate variables, thereby narrowing the gap in incorporating top-down climatic factors between empirical and process-based fire models. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Kolden, Crystal A. DO - 10.1071/WF13019 IS - 7 KW - fire danger, management, modelling. PY - 2013 SP - 1003-1020 ST - Relationships between climate and macroscale area burned in the western United States T2 - International Journal of Wildland Fire TI - Relationships between climate and macroscale area burned in the western United States VL - 22 ID - 22015 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Interannual variability in burn severity is assessed across forested ecoregions of the western United States to understand how it is influenced by variations in area burned and climate during 1984–2014. Strong correlations (|r| > 0.6) between annual area burned and climate metrics were found across many of the studied regions. The burn severity of individual fires and fire seasons was weakly, but significantly (P < 0.05), correlated with burned area across many regions. Interannual variability in fuel dryness evaluated with fuel aridity metrics demonstrated weak-to-moderate (|r| >0.4) relationships with regional burn severity, congruent with but weaker than those between climate and area burned for most ecoregions. These results collectively suggest that irrespective of other factors, long-term increases in fuel aridity will lead to increased burn severity in western United States forests for existing vegetation regimes. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Kolden, Crystal A. AU - Williams, A. Park AU - Lutz, James A. AU - Smith, Alistair M. S. DO - 10.1071/WF16165 IS - 4 KW - climate, fire effects. PY - 2017 SP - 269-275 ST - Climatic influences on interannual variability in regional burn severity across western US forests T2 - International Journal of Wildland Fire TI - Climatic influences on interannual variability in regional burn severity across western US forests VL - 26 ID - 26726 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Observed changes in climate of the U.S. Pacific Northwest since the early twentieth century were examined using four different datasets. Annual mean temperature increased by approximately 0.6°–0.8°C from 1901 to 2012, with corroborating indicators including a lengthened freeze-free season, increased temperature of the coldest night of the year, and increased growing-season potential evapotranspiration. Seasonal temperature trends over shorter time scales (<50 yr) were variable. Despite increased warming rates in most seasons over the last half century, nonsignificant cooling was observed during spring from 1980 to 2012. Observations show a long-term increase in spring precipitation; however, decreased summer and autumn precipitation and increased potential evapotranspiration have resulted in larger climatic water deficits over the past four decades. A bootstrapped multiple linear regression model was used to better resolve the temporal heterogeneity of seasonal temperature and precipitation trends and to apportion trends to internal climate variability, solar variability, volcanic aerosols, and anthropogenic forcing. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Pacific–North American pattern were the primary modulators of seasonal temperature trends on multidecadal time scales: solar and volcanic forcing were nonsignificant predictors and contributed weakly to observed trends. Anthropogenic forcing was a significant predictor of, and the leading contributor to, long-term warming; natural factors alone fail to explain the observed warming. Conversely, poor model skill for seasonal precipitation suggests that other factors need to be considered to understand the sources of seasonal precipitation trends. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Rupp, David E. AU - Mote, Philip W. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-13-00218.1 IS - 5 KW - North America,Climate change,Climate variability,Time series PY - 2014 SP - 2125-2142 ST - Seasonal climate variability and change in the Pacific Northwest of the United States T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Seasonal climate variability and change in the Pacific Northwest of the United States VL - 27 ID - 20543 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Increased forest fire activity across the western continental United States (US) in recent decades has likely been enabled by a number of factors, including the legacy of fire suppression and human settlement, natural climate variability, and human-caused climate change. We use modeled climate projections to estimate the contribution of anthropogenic climate change to observed increases in eight fuel aridity metrics and forest fire area across the western United States. Anthropogenic increases in temperature and vapor pressure deficit significantly enhanced fuel aridity across western US forests over the past several decades and, during 2000–2015, contributed to 75% more forested area experiencing high (>1 σ) fire-season fuel aridity and an average of nine additional days per year of high fire potential. Anthropogenic climate change accounted for ∼55% of observed increases in fuel aridity from 1979 to 2015 across western US forests, highlighting both anthropogenic climate change and natural climate variability as important contributors to increased wildfire potential in recent decades. We estimate that human-caused climate change contributed to an additional 4.2 million ha of forest fire area during 1984–2015, nearly doubling the forest fire area expected in its absence. Natural climate variability will continue to alternate between modulating and compounding anthropogenic increases in fuel aridity, but anthropogenic climate change has emerged as a driver of increased forest fire activity and should continue to do so while fuels are not limiting. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Williams, A. Park DA - October 18, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1607171113 IS - 42 PY - 2016 SP - 11770-11775 ST - Impact of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire across western US forests T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Impact of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire across western US forests VL - 113 ID - 20416 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abberton, Michael AU - Batley, Jacqueline AU - Bentley, Alison AU - Bryant, John AU - Cai, Hongwei AU - Cockram, James AU - Costa de Oliveira, Antonio AU - Cseke, Leland J. AU - Dempewolf, Hannes AU - De Pace, Ciro AU - Edwards, David AU - Gepts, Paul AU - Greenland, Andy AU - Hall, Anthony E. AU - Henry, Robert AU - Hori, Kiyosumi AU - Howe, Glenn Thomas AU - Hughes, Stephen AU - Humphreys, Mike AU - Lightfoot, David AU - Marshall, Athole AU - Mayes, Sean AU - Nguyen, Henry T. AU - Ogbonnaya, Francis C. AU - Ortiz, Rodomiro AU - Paterson, Andrew H. AU - Tuberosa, Roberto AU - Valliyodan, Babu AU - Varshney, Rajeev K. AU - Yano, Masahiro DO - 10.1111/pbi.12467 IS - 4 KW - climate change food security sustainability PY - 2016 SN - 1467-7652 SP - 1095-1098 ST - Global agricultural intensification during climate change: A role for genomics T2 - Plant Biotechnology Journal TI - Global agricultural intensification during climate change: A role for genomics VL - 14 ID - 23493 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ABC CY - Modesto, CA PB - Almond Board of California (ABC) PY - 2016 SP - 41 ST - Almond Almanac 2016: Annual Report TI - Almond Almanac 2016: Annual Report UR - http://www.almonds.com/sites/default/files/2016_almond_almanac.pdf ID - 23709 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abe, M. AU - Nozawa, T. AU - Ogura, T. AU - Takata, K. DO - 10.5194/acp-16-14343-2016 IS - 22 N1 - ACP PY - 2016 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 14343-14356 ST - Effect of retreating sea ice on Arctic cloud cover in simulated recent global warming T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Effect of retreating sea ice on Arctic cloud cover in simulated recent global warming VL - 16 ID - 23312 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Emerging global supply chains not only increased efficiency in production and delivery but also natural-disaster risks. Based on two recent major natural disasters in Japan and Thailand, this article discusses the increasing natural disaster risks due to the development of global supply chains and identifies the impact of natural disasters on global supply chains. The results indicate that the risk of natural disasters is not confined by geographical boundaries, as negative effects can spill over globally throughout the supply chains and affect all the entities involved including firms, governments, financial institutions and end consumers. The article argues that enhancing disaster resilience becomes increasingly important in this context for maintaining the competitiveness of firms and the health and strength of the whole economy. Both firms and governments need to take disaster risks into consideration in supply-chain management to avoid supply-chain disruptions and subsequent negative effects. The article proposes some strategies to build resilient supply chains against natural disasters, emphasizing collaboration between the public and private sectors. AU - Abe, Masato AU - Ye, Linghe DO - 10.1177/0972150913501606 IS - 4 KW - Natural disaster risk,global supply chain,resilience,supply chain management,disruption,Japanese firm,Thailand PY - 2013 SP - 567-586 ST - Building resilient supply chains against natural disasters: The cases of Japan and Thailand T2 - Global Business Review TI - Building resilient supply chains against natural disasters: The cases of Japan and Thailand VL - 14 ID - 22093 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Abel, David CY - Boston, MA PB - Boston Globe Media Partners PY - 2017 ST - Northeast warming more rapidly than most of US T2 - Boston Globe TI - Northeast warming more rapidly than most of US UR - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2017/01/12/northeast-will-experience-faster-warming-from-climate-change-new-study-finds/nitce6eK8zqQN2LXZXgvwK/story.html?s_campaign=bdc:article:stub ID - 24051 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abel, David AU - Holloway, Tracey AU - Harkey, Monica AU - Rrushaj, Arber AU - Brinkman, Greg AU - Duran, Phillip AU - Janssen, Mark AU - Denholm, Paul DA - 2018/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.049 KW - Solar energy Air quality Particulate matter PM Electricity Renewable energy Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) GridView Co-benefits Public health Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP) AVoided Emissions and geneRation Tool (AVERT) PY - 2018 SN - 1352-2310 SP - 65-74 ST - Potential air quality benefits from increased solar photovoltaic electricity generation in the Eastern United States T2 - Atmospheric Environment TI - Potential air quality benefits from increased solar photovoltaic electricity generation in the Eastern United States VL - 175 ID - 26551 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abel, David AU - Holloway, Tracey AU - Kladar, Ryan M. AU - Meier, Paul AU - Ahl, Doug AU - Harkey, Monica AU - Patz, Jonathan DA - 2017/05/16 DO - 10.1021/acs.est.6b06201 IS - 10 PY - 2017 SN - 0013-936X SP - 5838-5846 ST - Response of power plant emissions to ambient temperature in the eastern United States T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Response of power plant emissions to ambient temperature in the eastern United States VL - 51 ID - 24279 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Abkowitz, Mark AU - Camp, Janey AU - Dundon, Leah CY - Nashville, TN PB - 3 Sigma Consultants for Tennessee Department of Transportation PY - 2015 SP - 49 ST - Assessing the Vulnerability of Tennessee Transportation Assets to Extreme Weather TI - Assessing the Vulnerability of Tennessee Transportation Assets to Extreme Weather UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/pilots/2013-2015_pilots/tennessee/final_report/tdot.pdf ID - 24421 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper presents a set of analytical tools to evaluate the performance of three land surface models (LSMs) that are used in global climate models (GCMs). Predictions of the fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, and net CO2 exchange obtained using process-based LSMs are benchmarked against two statistical models that only use incoming solar radiation, air temperature, and specific humidity as inputs to predict the fluxes. Both are then compared to measured fluxes at several flux stations located on three continents. Parameter sets used for the LSMs include default values used in GCMs for the plant functional type and soil type surrounding each flux station, locally calibrated values, and ensemble sets encompassing combinations of parameters within their respective uncertainty ranges. Performance of the LSMs is found to be generally inferior to that of the statistical models across a wide variety of performance metrics, suggesting that the LSMs underutilize the meteorological information used in their inputs and that model complexity may be hindering accurate prediction. The authors show that model evaluation is purpose specific; good performance in one metric does not guarantee good performance in others. Self-organizing maps are used to divide meteorological “‘forcing space” into distinct regions as a mechanism to identify the conditions under which model bias is greatest. These new techniques will aid modelers to identify the areas of model structure responsible for poor performance. AU - Abramowitz, Gab AU - Leuning, Ray AU - Clark, Martyn AU - Pitman, Andy DO - 10.1175/2008jcli2378.1 IS - 21 KW - Land surface,Model evaluation/performance,Climate models,Forcing,Carbon dioxide PY - 2008 SP - 5468-5481 ST - Evaluating the performance of land surface models T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Evaluating the performance of land surface models VL - 21 ID - 22676 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Humans cause more than 55% of wildfires on lands managed by the USDA Forest Service and US Department of the Interior, contributing to both suppression expenditures and damages. One means to reduce the expenditures and damages associated with these wildfires is through fire prevention activities, which can include burn permits, public service programs or announcements, outreach efforts to schools, youth groups and equipment operators, and law enforcement. Using data from 17 US Bureau of Indian Affairs tribal units, we modelled the effect of prevention programs and law enforcement on the number of human-caused ignitions. We also included weather and lagged burned area in our estimation of fixed-effects count models. The results show that prevention activities led to significant reductions in wildfires caused by escaped campfires, juveniles, fire-use (e.g. escaped debris burns) and equipment. Increased law enforcement resulted in fewer incendiary- and equipment-caused wildfires. Using average suppression expenditures by wildfire and our estimate of avoided wildfires per additional year of prevention, we estimate partial benefit–cost ratios of greater than 4.5 for all Bureau of Indian Affairs regions for the continuation of the prevention program. AU - Abt, Karen L. AU - Butry, David T. AU - Prestemon, Jeffrey P. AU - Scranton, Samuel DO - 10.1071/WF14168 IS - 6 KW - arson wildfires, instrumental variables methods, intervention analysis, law enforcement, wildfire suppression. PY - 2015 SP - 749-762 ST - Effect of fire prevention programs on accidental and incendiary wildfires on tribal lands in the United States T2 - International Journal of Wildland Fire TI - Effect of fire prevention programs on accidental and incendiary wildfires on tribal lands in the United States VL - 24 ID - 22014 ER - TY - PRESS AU - Acadiana Planning Commission CY - Lafayette, LA DA - February 20 PY - 2018 ST - APC Board allocates $25 million in HMGP funding to regional flood mitigation projects TI - APC Board allocates $25 million in HMGP funding to regional flood mitigation projects UR - http://planacadiana.org/uncategorized/apc-board-allocates-25-million-in-hmgp-funding-to-regional-flood-mitigation-projects/ ID - 26329 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Acevedo, Sebastian AU - Cebotari, Aliona AU - Turner-Jones, Therese CY - Washington, D.C. PB - International Monetary Fund PY - 2013 SP - 22 ST - Caribbean Small States: Challenges of High Debt and Low Growth TI - Caribbean Small States: Challenges of High Debt and Low Growth UR - https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Policy-Papers/Issues/2016/12/31/Caribbean-Small-States-Challenges-of-High-Debt-and-Low-Growth-PP4747 ID - 25084 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Press, Cambridge University AU - ACIA PB - ACIA Secretariat and Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research PY - 2005 SP - 1042 ST - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment TI - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment UR - http://www.acia.uaf.edu/pages/scientific.html ID - 20141 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changes in climate projected for the 21st century are expected to trigger widespread and pervasive biotic impacts. Forecasting these changes and their implications for ecosystem services is a major research goal. Much of the research on biotic responses to climate change has focused on either projected shifts in individual species distributions or broad-scale changes in biome distributions. Here, we introduce a novel application of multinomial logistic regression as a powerful approach to model vegetation distributions and potential responses to 21st century climate change. We modeled the distribution of 22 major vegetation types, most defined by a single dominant woody species, across the San Francisco Bay Area. Predictor variables included climate and topographic variables. The novel aspect of our model is the output: a vector of relative probabilities for each vegetation type in each location within the study domain. The model was then projected for 54 future climate scenarios, spanning a representative range of temperature and precipitation projections from the CMIP3 and CMIP5 ensembles. We found that sensitivity of vegetation to climate change is highly heterogeneous across the region. Surprisingly, sensitivity to climate change is higher closer to the coast, on lower insolation, north-facing slopes and in areas of higher precipitation. While such sites may provide refugia for mesic and cool-adapted vegetation in the face of a warming climate, the model suggests they will still be highly dynamic and relatively sensitive to climate-driven vegetation transitions. The greater sensitivity of moist and low insolation sites is an unexpected outcome that challenges views on the location and stability of climate refugia. Projections provide a foundation for conservation planning and land management, and highlight the need for a greater understanding of the mechanisms and time scales of potential climate-driven vegetation transitions. AU - Ackerly, David D. AU - Cornwell, William K. AU - Weiss, Stuart B. AU - Flint, Lorraine E. AU - Flint, Alan L. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0130629 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SP - e0130629 ST - A geographic mosaic of climate change impacts on terrestrial vegetation: Which areas are most at risk? T2 - PLOS ONE TI - A geographic mosaic of climate change impacts on terrestrial vegetation: Which areas are most at risk? VL - 10 ID - 22677 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The circumpolar expansion of woody deciduous shrubs in arctic tundra alters key ecosystem properties including carbon balance and hydrology. However, landscape‐scale patterns and drivers of shrub expansion remain poorly understood, inhibiting accurate incorporation of shrub effects into climate models. Here, we use dendroecology to elucidate the role of soil moisture in modifying the relationship between climate and growth for a dominant deciduous shrub, Salix pulchra, on the North Slope of Alaska, USA. We improve upon previous modeling approaches by using ecological theory to guide model selection for the relationship between climate and shrub growth. Finally, we present novel dendroecology‐based estimates of shrub biomass change under a future climate regime, made possible by recently developed shrub allometry models. We find that S. pulchra growth has responded positively to mean June temperature over the past 2.5 decades at both a dry upland tundra site and an adjacent mesic riparian site. For the upland site, including a negative second‐order term in the climate–growth model significantly improved explanatory power, matching theoretical predictions of diminishing growth returns to increasing temperature. A first‐order linear model fit best at the riparian site, indicating consistent growth increases in response to sustained warming, possibly due to lack of temperature‐induced moisture limitation in mesic habitats. These contrasting results indicate that S. pulchra in mesic habitats may respond positively to a wider range of temperature increase than S. pulchra in dry habitats. Lastly, we estimate that a 2°C increase in current mean June temperature will yield a 19% increase in aboveground S. pulchra biomass at the upland site and a 36% increase at the riparian site. Our method of biomass estimation provides an important link toward incorporating dendroecology data into coupled vegetation and climate models. AU - Ackerman, Daniel AU - Griffin, Daniel AU - Hobbie, Sarah E. AU - Finlay, Jacques C. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13677 IS - 10 PY - 2017 SP - 4294-4302 ST - Arctic shrub growth trajectories differ across soil moisture levels T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Arctic shrub growth trajectories differ across soil moisture levels VL - 23 ID - 25832 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Hadley circulation (HC) has widened in recent decades, and it widens as the climate warms in simulations. But the mechanisms responsible for the widening remain unclear, and the widening in simulations is generally smaller than observed.To identify mechanisms responsible for the HC widening and for model–observation discrepancies, this study analyzes how interannual variations of tropical-mean temperatures and meridional temperature gradients influence the HC width. Changes in mean temperatures are part of any global warming signal, whereas changes in temperature gradients are primarily associated with ENSO. Within this study, 6 reanalysis datasets, 22 Atmospheric Modeling Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations, and 11 historical simulations from phase 5 of the Climate Modeling Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are analyzed, covering the years 1979–2012. It is found that the HC widens as mean temperatures increase or as temperature gradients weaken in most reanalyses and climate models. On average, climate models exhibit a smaller sensitivity of HC width to changes in mean temperatures and temperature gradients than do reanalyses. However, the sensitivities differ substantially among reanalyses, rendering the HC response to mean temperatures in climate models not statistically different from that in reanalyses.While global-mean temperatures did not increase substantially between 1997 and 2012, the HC continued to widen in most reanalyses. The analysis here suggests that the HC widening from 1979 to 1997 is primarily the result of global warming, whereas the widening of the HC from 1997 to 2012 is associated with increased midlatitude temperatures and hence reduced temperature gradients during this period. AU - Adam, Ori AU - Schneider, Tapio AU - Harnik, Nili DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00140.1 IS - 19 KW - Atmospheric circulation,Hadley circulation,Climate sensitivity,ENSO,Reanalysis data PY - 2014 SP - 7450-7461 ST - Role of changes in mean temperatures versus temperature gradients in the recent widening of the Hadley circulation T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Role of changes in mean temperatures versus temperature gradients in the recent widening of the Hadley circulation VL - 27 ID - 19590 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Widespread, high levels of tree mortality, termed forest die-off, associated with drought and rising temperatures, are disrupting forests worldwide. Drought will likely become more frequent with climate change, but even without more frequent drought, higher temperatures can exacerbate tree water stress. The temperature sensitivity of drought-induced mortality of tree species has been evaluated experimentally for only single-step changes in temperature (ambient compared to ambient + increase) rather than as a response surface (multiple levels of temperature increase), which constrains our ability to relate changes in the driver with the biological response. Here we show that time-to-mortality during drought for seedlings of two western United States tree species, Pinus edulis (Engelm.) and Pinus ponderosa (Douglas ex C. Lawson), declined in continuous proportion with increasing temperature spanning a 7.7 °C increase. Although P. edulis outlived P. ponderosa at all temperatures, both species had similar relative declines in time-to-mortality as temperature increased (5.2% per °C for P. edulis ; 5.8% per °C for P. ponderosa ). When combined with the non-linear frequency distribution of drought duration—many more short droughts than long droughts—these findings point to a progressive increase in mortality events with global change due to warming alone and independent of additional changes in future drought frequency distributions. As such, dire future forest recruitment patterns are projected assuming the calculated 7–9 seedling mortality events per species by 2100 under business-as-usual warming occur, congruent with additional vulnerability predicted for adult trees from stressors like pathogens and pests. Our progressive projection for increased mortality events was driven primarily by the non-linear shape of the drought duration frequency distribution, a common climate feature of drought-affected regions. These results illustrate profound benefits for reducing emissions of carbon to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources and slowing warming as rapidly as possible to maximize forest persistence. AU - Adams, Henry D. AU - Barron-Gafford, Greg A. AU - Minor, Rebecca L. AU - Gardea, Alfonso A. AU - Bentley, Lisa Patrick AU - Law, Darin J. AU - Breshears, David D. AU - McDowell, Nate G. AU - Huxman, Travis E. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa93be IS - 11 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 115014 ST - Temperature response surfaces for mortality risk of tree species with future drought T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Temperature response surfaces for mortality risk of tree species with future drought VL - 12 ID - 25956 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adams, Henry D. AU - Luce, Charles H. AU - Breshears, David D. AU - Allen, Craig D. AU - Weiler, Markus AU - Hale, V. Cody AU - Smith, Alistair M. S. AU - Huxman, Travis E. DO - 10.1002/eco.233 IS - 2 KW - ecohydrology die-off tree mortality forest mortality evapotranspiration recharge water yield bark beetle tree pests PY - 2012 SN - 1936-0592 SP - 145-159 ST - Ecohydrological consequences of drought- and infestation- triggered tree die-off: Insights and hypotheses T2 - Ecohydrology TI - Ecohydrological consequences of drought- and infestation- triggered tree die-off: Insights and hypotheses VL - 5 ID - 22017 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Mendelsohn, R. A2 - Neumann, J. AU - Adams, R.M. AU - McCarl, B.A. AU - Segerson, K. AU - Rosenzweig, C. AU - Bryant, K.J. AU - Dixon, B.L. AU - Conner, R. AU - Evenson, R.E. AU - Ojima, D. C4 - b8214969-4e35-4afb-982b-a218ecbf2db9 CY - Cambridge, UK DO - 10.1017/cbo9780511573149.002 PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 1999 SN - 9780511573149 SP - 18-54 ST - Ch. 2: The economic effects of climate change on U.S. agriculture T2 - The Impact of Climate Change on the United States Economy TI - Ch. 2: The economic effects of climate change on U.S. agriculture ID - 12402 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Adaptation Advisory Group PB - Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation PY - 2010 SP - various ST - Alaska's Climate Change Strategy: Addressing Impacts in Alaska. Final Report Submitted by the Adaptation Advisory Group to the Alaska Climate Change Sub-Cabinet TI - Alaska's Climate Change Strategy: Addressing Impacts in Alaska. Final Report Submitted by the Adaptation Advisory Group to the Alaska Climate Change Sub-Cabinet UR - http://dev.cakex.org/sites/default/files/Alaska.pdf ID - 26548 ER - TY - WEB AU - Adaptation Clearinghouse CY - Washington, D.C PB - Adaptation Clearinghouse (Georgetown Climate Center) PY - 2017 ST - [web site] TI - [web site] UR - http://www.adaptationclearinghouse.org/ ID - 24050 ER - TY - WEB AU - Adaptation Partners CY - Seattle, WA M1 - September 15 PY - 2017 ST - Adaptation Partners: Science-Management Partnerships Focused on Climate Change Adaptation in the Western United States [Web site] TI - Adaptation Partners: Science-Management Partnerships Focused on Climate Change Adaptation in the Western United States [Web site] UR - http://adaptationpartners.org/ VL - 2017 ID - 24193 ER - TY - WEB AU - Adaptation Partners CY - Seattle, WA PB - Adaptation Partners PY - 2018 ST - Climate Change Adaptation Library for the Western United States [web tool] TI - Climate Change Adaptation Library for the Western United States [web tool] UR - http://adaptationpartners.org/library.php ID - 26077 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Adaptation Sub-Committee CY - London, UK PB - Committee on Climate Change PY - 2016 SP - 79 ST - UK Climate Change Risk Assessment 2017. Synthesis Report: Priorities for the Next Five Years TI - UK Climate Change Risk Assessment 2017. Synthesis Report: Priorities for the Next Five Years UR - https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/UK-CCRA-2017-Synthesis-Report-Committee-on-Climate-Change.pdf ID - 26015 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ADB CY - Madaluyong City, Philippines N1 - ISBN 978-92-9254-318-1 (Print), 978-92-9254-319-8 (PDF), 978-92-9254-328-0 (CD-ROM) PB - Asian Development Bank (ADB) PY - 2013 RP - ISBN 978-92-9254-318-1 (Print), 978-92-9254-319-8 (PDF), 978-92-9254-328-0 (CD-ROM) SP - 85 ST - The Economics of Climate Change in the Pacific TI - The Economics of Climate Change in the Pacific UR - https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/31136/economics-climate-change-pacific.pdf ID - 26412 ER - TY - WEB AU - ADCCED CY - Anchorage, AK M1 - August, 2017 PB - Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development (ADCCED) PY - 2006 ST - Newtok Shoreline Erosion Map TI - Newtok Shoreline Erosion Map UR - https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/4/pub/Newtok_Erosion_Map_April2006.pdf VL - 2017 ID - 22147 ER - TY - WEB AU - ADCCED CY - Anchorage, AK M1 - September 10 PB - Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development (ADCCED) PY - 2017 ST - Fuel Price Survey TI - Fuel Price Survey UR - https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dcra/researchanalysis/fuelpricesurvey.aspx VL - 2017 ID - 22148 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ADCCED CY - Anchorage, AK PB - Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development (ADCCED) PY - 2018 ST - Newtok Planning Group TI - Newtok Planning Group UR - https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dcra/planninglandmanagement/newtokplanninggroup.aspx ID - 25833 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Concern over increasing wildfire activity in the last few decades has prompted increased investment in fuels reduction treatments worldwide. Prescribed fire is a commonly used management tool for reducing fuels and modifying subsequent wildfire dynamics, yet the influence of prescribed fire on wildfire is difficult to evaluate empirically due to the often unpredictable nature of wildfire. In this study we evaluated a 30-year record of wildfire, prescribed fire and drought at Fort Benning, a 74 000-ha military training installation in west-central Georgia, USA. Annual wildfire incidence declined sharply from 1982 to 2012 as prescribed fire hectares increased. Multiple regression models including both prescribed fire and drought (assessed using the Keetch–Byram Drought Index; KBDI) explained ~80% and 54% of the variation in annual wildfire incidence and areal extent, respectively. Current- and previous-year prescribed fire were strongly inversely related to current-year wildfire, suggesting that the cumulative area burned by prescription is important in explaining current-year wildfire incidence. Wildfire activity overall (both incidence and areal extent) was highest during drought years when cumulative prescribed fire hectares were low. Our results suggest some inevitability of wildfire during drought, but also provide evidence for the positive effects of sustained landscape-scale prescribed fire in reducing wildfire activity over time. AU - Addington, Robert N. AU - Hudson, Stephen J. AU - Hiers, J. Kevin AU - Hurteau, Matthew D. AU - Hutcherson, Thomas F. AU - Matusick, George AU - Parker, James M. DO - 10.1071/WF14187 IS - 6 KW - Fort Benning, fuels reduction, Keetch–Byram Drought Index, longleaf pine. PY - 2015 SP - 778-783 ST - Relationships among wildfire, prescribed fire, and drought in a fire-prone landscape in the south-eastern United States T2 - International Journal of Wildland Fire TI - Relationships among wildfire, prescribed fire, and drought in a fire-prone landscape in the south-eastern United States VL - 24 ID - 24285 ER - TY - WEB AU - ADEC CY - Juneau, AK M1 - August, 2017 PB - Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) PY - 2016 ST - Alaska Water and Sewer Challenge TI - Alaska Water and Sewer Challenge UR - http://watersewerchallenge.alaska.gov/ ID - 22149 ER - TY - WEB AU - ADEC M1 - August, 2017 PB - Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) PY - 2017 ST - Vibrio parahaemolyticus Control Plan TI - Vibrio parahaemolyticus Control Plan UR - http://dec.alaska.gov/eh/pdf/fss/resources-shellfish-guide-vibrio-control-plan.pdf ID - 22150 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Introduction Although many studies have delineated the variety and magnitude of impacts that climate change is likely to have on health, very little is known about how well hospitals are poised to respond to these impacts. Hypothesis/Problem The hypothesis is that most modern hospitals in urban areas in the United States need to augment their current disaster planning to include climate-related impacts. Methods Using Los Angeles County (California USA) as a case study, historical data for emergency department (ED) visits and projections for extreme-heat events were used to determine how much climate change is likely to increase ED visits by mid-century for each hospital. In addition, historical data about the location of wildfires in Los Angeles County and projections for increased frequency of both wildfires and flooding related to sea-level rise were used to identify which area hospitals will have an increased risk of climate-related wildfires or flooding at mid-century. Results Only a small fraction of the total number of predicted ED visits at mid-century would likely to be due to climate change. By contrast, a significant portion of hospitals in Los Angeles County are in close proximity to very high fire hazard severity zones (VHFHSZs) and would be at greater risk to wildfire impacts as a result of climate change by mid-century. One hospital in Los Angeles County was anticipated to be at greater risk due to flooding by mid-century as a result of climate-related sea-level rise. Conclusion This analysis suggests that several Los Angeles County hospitals should focus their climate-change-related planning on building resiliency to wildfires. Adelaine SA , Sato M , Jin Y , Godwin H . An Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Los Angeles (California USA) Hospitals, Wildfires Highest Priority. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(5):556–562. AU - Adelaine, Sabrina A. AU - Sato, Mizuki AU - Jin, Yufang AU - Godwin, Hilary DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1049023X17006586 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2017/06/13 IS - 5 KW - climate change hospital wildfire PY - 2017 SN - 1049-023X SP - 556-562 ST - An assessment of climate change impacts on Los Angeles (California USA) hospitals, wildfires highest priority T2 - Prehospital and Disaster Medicine TI - An assessment of climate change impacts on Los Angeles (California USA) hospitals, wildfires highest priority VL - 32 ID - 25332 ER - TY - JOUR AB - [This study focuses on mental health and psychosocial distress sequelae of Hurricane Katrina cataclysm among survivors. The purpose of this article is to: (1) assess the variation in psychosocial distress among the survivors of Katrina by socio-demographic, structural and situational factors; (2) determine if there are significant racial and gender differences in the extent of psychological stress, especially between Black and White, male and female survivors; and (3) to evaluate the influence of resource loss or financial burden imposed, social support, and perceived victimization on psychosocial distress among survivors. The Gallup/CNN/USA Today survey data collected in 2005 and 2006 from a representative (random) sample of Katrina survivors are used. Among the results, significant racial differences were found in psychological impacts including reported symptoms of sleeplessness, anxiety, depression, and worries about the future. In a series of multivariate analyses including factor analysis and OLS regression models, residency in Orleans parish prior to the storm, older age, female gender, having dependent children, unemployment, extent of property damage, and financial impacts sustained consistently predict psychological distress among the survivors. The theoretical, methodological, and applied policy implications of these findings are discussed.] AU - Adeola, Francis O. C1 - Full publication date: Winter 2009 IS - 2 PY - 2009 SN - 10744827, 22040919 SP - 195-210 ST - Mental health & psychosocial distress sequelae of Katrina: An empirical study of survivors T2 - Human Ecology Review TI - Mental health & psychosocial distress sequelae of Katrina: An empirical study of survivors UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/24707543 VL - 16 ID - 25927 ER - TY - PRESS AU - ADF&G CY - Juneau DA - April 8 PB - Alaska Department of Fish and Game PY - 2013 ST - Department Teams with Kenai Natives to Enhance Kenai Moose Habitat TI - Department Teams with Kenai Natives to Enhance Kenai Moose Habitat UR - http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=pressreleases.pr04082013 ID - 25836 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ADFG CY - Anchorage, AK PB - Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG) PY - 2014 SP - 4 ST - Subsistence in Alaska: A Year 2014 Update TI - Subsistence in Alaska: A Year 2014 Update UR - https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/sb/CSIS/ https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/subsistence/pdfs/subsistence_update_2014.pdf ID - 22151 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ADFG CY - Juneau, AK PB - Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG) PY - 2017 SP - 176 ST - 2016-2017 Board of Game Proposal Book TI - 2016-2017 Board of Game Proposal Book UR - http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=gameboard.proposalbook ID - 22152 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adger, W. Neil AU - Arnell, Nigel W. AU - Tompkins, Emma L. DA - 2005/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.12.005 IS - 2 KW - Adaptation Vulnerability Scenarios Sustainability Decision making PY - 2005 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 77-86 ST - Successful adaptation to climate change across scales T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Successful adaptation to climate change across scales VL - 15 ID - 25873 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adger, W. Neil AU - Barnett, Jon AU - Brown, Katrina AU - Marshall, Nadine AU - O'Brien, Karen DA - 11/11/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate1666 M3 - Review Article PY - 2012 SP - 112-117 ST - Cultural dimensions of climate change impacts and adaptation T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Cultural dimensions of climate change impacts and adaptation VL - 3 ID - 23232 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The dangers that future climate change poses to physical, biological, and economic systems are accounted for in analyses of risk and increasingly figure in decision-making about responses to climate change. Yet the potential cultural and social impacts of climate change have scarcely been considered. In this article we bring the risks climate change poses to cultures and social systems into consideration through a focus on places—those local material and symbolic contexts that give meaning and value to peoples' lives. By way of examples, the article reviews evidence on the observed and projected impacts of climate change on the Arctic and Pacific island atoll nations. It shows that impacts may result in the loss of many unique natural and cultural components of these places. We then argue that the risk of irreversible loss of places needs to be factored into decision-making on climate change. The article then suggests ways forward in decision-making that recognizes these non-market and non-instrumental metrics of risk, based on principles of justice and recognition of individual and community identity. AU - Adger, W. Neil AU - Barnett, Jon AU - Chapin, F. S., III AU - Ellemor, Heidi DO - 10.1162/GLEP_a_00051 IS - 2 PY - 2011 SP - 1-25 ST - This must be the place: Underrepresentation of identity and meaning in climate change decision-making T2 - Global Environmental Politics TI - This must be the place: Underrepresentation of identity and meaning in climate change decision-making VL - 11 ID - 22549 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adger, W.N. AU - Dessai, S. AU - Goulden, M. AU - Hulme, M. AU - Lorenzoni, I. AU - Nelson, D.R. AU - Naess, L.O. AU - Wolf, J. AU - Wreford, A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-008-9520-z IS - 3-4 PY - 2009 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 335-354 ST - Are there social limits to adaptation to climate change? T2 - Climatic Change TI - Are there social limits to adaptation to climate change? VL - 93 ID - 12409 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Social and ecological vulnerability to disasters and outcomes of any particular extreme event are influenced by buildup or erosion of resilience both before and after disasters occur. Resilient social-ecological systems incorporate diverse mechanisms for living with, and learning from, change and unexpected shocks. Disaster management requires multilevel governance systems that can enhance the capacity to cope with uncertainty and surprise by mobilizing diverse sources of resilience. AU - Adger, W. Neil AU - Hughes, Terry P. AU - Folke, Carl AU - Carpenter, Stephen R. AU - Rockström, Johan DO - 10.1126/science.1112122 IS - 5737 PY - 2005 SP - 1036-1039 ST - Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters T2 - Science TI - Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters VL - 309 ID - 24192 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Adger, W. N. AU - Pulhin, J. M. AU - Barnett, J. AU - Dabelko, G. D. AU - Hovelsrud, G. K. AU - Levy, M. AU - Ú. Oswald, Spring AU - Vogel, C. H. C4 - d5216e42-45ce-457b-bda8-b2e445d23c0d CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 12 SP - 755-791 ST - Human security T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Human security ID - 17670 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ADHSS CY - Anchorage, AK PB - Alaska Department of Health and Social Services (ADHSS) PY - 2015 SP - 4 ST - Steps to Reduce Exposure to Wildfire Smoke in Rural Alaska TI - Steps to Reduce Exposure to Wildfire Smoke in Rural Alaska UR - http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Epi/eph/Documents/wildfire/FAQ_FireSmokeRural.pdf ID - 22154 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Adhvaryu, Achyuta AU - Kala, Namrata AU - Nyshadham, Anant CY - Cambridge, MA DO - 10.3386/w24314 PB - National Bureau of Economic Research PY - 2014 SN - NBER Working Paper No. 24314 SP - 63 ST - The Light and the Heat: Productivity Co-benefits of Energy-Saving Technology TI - The Light and the Heat: Productivity Co-benefits of Energy-Saving Technology ID - 26684 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Crop residues are potentially significant sources of feedstock for biofuel production in the United States. However, there are concerns with maintaining the environmental functions of these residues while also serving as a feedstock for biofuel production. Maintaining soil organic carbon (SOC) along with its functional benefits is considered a greater constraint than maintaining soil erosion losses to an acceptable level. We used the biogeochemical model DayCent to evaluate the effect of residue removal, corn stover, and wheat and barley straw in three diverse locations in the USA. We evaluated residue removal with and without N replacement, along with application of a high‐lignin fermentation byproduct (HLFB), the residue by‐product comprised of lignin and small quantities of nutrients from cellulosic ethanol production. SOC always decreased with residue harvest, but the decrease was greater in colder climates when expressed on a life cycle basis. The effect of residue harvest on soil N2O emissions varied with N addition and climate. With N addition, N2O emissions always increased, but the increase was greater in colder climates. Without N addition, N2O emissions increased in Iowa, but decreased in Maryland and North Carolina with crop residue harvest. Although SOC was lower with residue harvest when HLFB was used for power production instead of being applied to land, the avoidance of fossil fuel emissions to the atmosphere by utilizing the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions of crop residue to produce ethanol (offsets) reduced the overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because most of this residue carbon would normally be lost during microbial respiration. Losses of SOC and reduced N mineralization could both be mitigated with the application of HLFB to the land. Therefore, by returning the high‐lignin fraction of crop residue to the land after production of ethanol at the biorefinery, soil carbon levels could be maintained along with the functional benefit of increased mineralized N, and more GHG emissions could be offset compared to leaving the crop residues on the land. AU - Adler, Paul R. AU - Mitchell, James G. AU - Pourhashem, Ghasideh AU - Spatari, Sabrina AU - Del Grosso, Stephen J. AU - Parton, William J. DO - 10.1890/13-1694.1 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SP - 1142-1156 ST - Integrating biorefinery and farm biogeochemical cycles offsets fossil energy and mitigates soil carbon losses T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Integrating biorefinery and farm biogeochemical cycles offsets fossil energy and mitigates soil carbon losses VL - 25 ID - 25578 ER - TY - RPRT AU - AECOM CY - Arlington, VA PB - AECOM (for FEMA) PY - 2013 SP - various ST - The Impact of Climate Change and Population Growth on the National Flood Insurance Program Through 2100 TI - The Impact of Climate Change and Population Growth on the National Flood Insurance Program Through 2100 UR - https://www.aecom.com/content/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Climate_Change_Report_AECOM_2013-06-11.pdf ID - 25470 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H. AU - Botzen, W. J. Wouter AU - Emanuel, Kerry AU - Lin, Ning AU - de Moel, Hans AU - Michel-Kerjan, Erwann O. DO - 10.1126/science.1248222 IS - 6183 KW - urban climate change flooding resilience NE Projection PY - 2014 SP - 473-475 ST - Evaluating flood resilience strategies for coastal megacities T2 - Science TI - Evaluating flood resilience strategies for coastal megacities VL - 344 ID - 22688 ER - TY - JOUR AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Feldman, David AU - Hoerling, Martin AU - Huxman, Travis AU - Lund, Jay DO - 10.1038/524409a PY - 2015 SP - 409-411 ST - Water and climate: Recognize anthropogenic drought T2 - Nature TI - Water and climate: Recognize anthropogenic drought VL - 524 ID - 21468 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Agnew::Beck Consulting CY - Anchorage, AK DA - March 2012 PB - Alaska Department of Commerce and Community and Economic Development (ADCCED) PY - 2012 SP - 28 ST - Strategic Management Plan: Newtok to Mertarvik TI - Strategic Management Plan: Newtok to Mertarvik UR - http://commerce.alaska.gov/dnn/Portals/4/pub/Mertarvik_Strategic_Management_Plan.pdf ID - 22191 ER - TY - WEB AU - Agricultural Statistics Division CY - San Juan, PR DA - March 28 PB - Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture PY - 2018 ST - Pérdidas por sector agrícola: Estimados realizados en base al SEPA (Sistema de Emergencia para la Agricultura) [Agricultural Losses by Lroduct: Preliminary Estimates Based on SEPA] TI - Pérdidas por sector agrícola: Estimados realizados en base al SEPA (Sistema de Emergencia para la Agricultura) [Agricultural Losses by Lroduct: Preliminary Estimates Based on SEPA] UR - http://caribbeanclimatehub.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Perdidas-3-28-2018-003.pdf ID - 26432 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rising global temperature is causing major physical, chemical, and ecological changes across the planet. There is wide consensus among scientific organizations and climatologists that these broad effects, known as climate change, are the result of contemporary human activity. Climate change poses threats to human health, safety, and security. Children are uniquely vulnerable to these threats. The effects of climate change on child health include physical and psychological sequelae of weather disasters, increased heat stress, decreased air quality, altered disease patterns of some climate-sensitive infections, and food, water, and nutrient insecurity in vulnerable regions. Prompt implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies will protect children against worsening of the problem and its associated health effects. This technical report reviews the nature of climate change and its associated child health effects and supports the recommendations in the accompanying policy statement on climate change and children’s health. AU - Ahdoot, Samantha AU - Pacheco, Susan E. DO - 10.1542/peds.2015-3233 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - e1-e17 ST - Global climate change and children’s health T2 - Pediatrics TI - Global climate change and children’s health VL - 136 ID - 25598 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rising global temperatures are causing major physical, chemical, and ecological changes in the planet. There is wide consensus among scientific organizations and climatologists that these broad effects, known as “climate change,” are the result of contemporary human activity. Climate change poses threats to human health, safety, and security, and children are uniquely vulnerable to these threats. The effects of climate change on child health include: physical and psychological sequelae of weather disasters; increased heat stress; decreased air quality; altered disease patterns of some climate-sensitive infections; and food, water, and nutrient insecurity in vulnerable regions. The social foundations of children’s mental and physical health are threatened by the specter of far-reaching effects of unchecked climate change, including community and global instability, mass migrations, and increased conflict. Given this knowledge, failure to take prompt, substantive action would be an act of injustice to all children. A paradigm shift in production and consumption of energy is both a necessity and an opportunity for major innovation, job creation, and significant, immediate associated health benefits. Pediatricians have a uniquely valuable role to play in the societal response to this global challenge. AU - Ahdoot, Samantha AU - The Council on Environmental Health DO - 10.1542/peds.2015-3232 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - 992-997 ST - Global climate change and children’s health T2 - Pediatrics TI - Global climate change and children’s health VL - 136 ID - 24148 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Ahluwalia, Manjyot Bhan CY - Arlington, VA PB - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES) PY - 2017 SP - 39 ST - The Business of Pricing Carbon: How Companies Are Pricing Carbon to Mitigate Risks and Prepare for a Low-Carbon Future TI - The Business of Pricing Carbon: How Companies Are Pricing Carbon to Mitigate Risks and Prepare for a Low-Carbon Future UR - https://www.c2es.org/site/assets/uploads/2017/09/business-pricing-carbon.pdf ID - 25211 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Drought is a natural hazard developing slowly and affecting large areas which may have severe consequences on society and economy. Due to the effects of climate change, drought is expected to exacerbate in various regions in future. In this study, the impact of climate change on drought characteristics is assessed, and statistical methods are employed to analyse the significance of projections. This is the first study utilizing 21 recently available downscaled global climate models generated by NASA (NEX-GDDP) to evaluate drought projections over various regions across the United States. Drought is investigated through a multi-model dual-index dual-scenario approach to probabilistically analyse drought attributes while characterizing the uncertainty in future drought projections. Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index values at the seasonal scale (3 months) are used to project and analyse meteorological drought conditions from 1950 to 2099 at 0.25° spatial resolution. Two future concentration pathways of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are considered for this analysis. Accounting for the combined effects of precipitation and temperature variations reveals a considerable aggravation in severity and extent of future drought in the western United States and a tendency toward more frequent and intense summer droughts across the Contiguous United States. AU - Ahmadalipour, Ali AU - Moradkhani, Hamid AU - Svoboda, Mark DO - 10.1002/joc.4859 IS - 5 PY - 2017 SP - 2477-2491 ST - Centennial drought outlook over the CONUS using NASA-NEX downscaled climate ensemble T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Centennial drought outlook over the CONUS using NASA-NEX downscaled climate ensemble VL - 37 ID - 26717 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ahmed, Selena AU - Stepp, John Richard DO - 10.12952/journal.elementa.000092 PY - 2016 SP - 0000092 ST - Beyond yields: Climate change effects on specialty crop quality and agroecological management T2 - Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene TI - Beyond yields: Climate change effects on specialty crop quality and agroecological management VL - 4 ID - 23657 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Ahmed, S. N. AU - Bencala, K.R. AU - Schultz, C .L. CY - Rockville, MD NV - ICPRB Report No. 13-07 PB - Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin PY - 2013 SP - 77 ST - 2010 Washington Metropolitan Area Water Supply Reliability Study Part 2: Potential Impacts of Climate Change TI - 2010 Washington Metropolitan Area Water Supply Reliability Study Part 2: Potential Impacts of Climate Change UR - https://www.potomacriver.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/ICPRB13-071.pdf ID - 21869 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ahn, Kuk-Hyun AU - Palmer, Richard N. DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001286 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SP - 04015061 ST - Trend and variability in observed hydrological extremes in the United States T2 - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering TI - Trend and variability in observed hydrological extremes in the United States VL - 21 ID - 21868 ER - TY - WEB AU - AICC CY - Ft. Wainwright, AK PB - Alaska Interagency Coordination Center (AICC) PY - 2015 ST - Fire History in Alaska [online map] TI - Fire History in Alaska [online map] UR - http://afsmaps.blm.gov/imf_firehistory/imf.jsp?site=firehistory ID - 22156 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ainsworth, C. H., Samhouri, J. F., Busch, D. S., Cheung, W. W. L., Dunne, J., and Okey, T. A. 2011. Potential impacts of climate change on Northeast Pacific marine foodwebs and fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1217–1229.Although there has been considerable research on the impacts of individual changes in water temperature, carbonate chemistry, and other variables on species, cumulative impacts of these effects have rarely been studied. Here, we simulate changes in (i) primary productivity, (ii) species range shifts, (iii) zooplankton community size structure, (iv) ocean acidification, and (v) ocean deoxygenation both individually and together using five Ecopath with Ecosim models of the northeast Pacific Ocean. We used a standardized method to represent climate effects that relied on time-series forcing functions: annual multipliers of species productivity. We focused on changes in fisheries landings, biomass, and ecosystem characteristics (diversity and trophic indices). Fisheries landings generally declined in response to cumulative effects and often to a greater degree than would have been predicted based on individual climate effects, indicating possible synergies. Total biomass of fished and unfished functional groups displayed a decline, though unfished groups were affected less negatively. Some functional groups (e.g. pelagic and demersal invertebrates) were predicted to respond favourably under cumulative effects in some regions. The challenge of predicting climate change impacts must be met if we are to adapt and manage rapidly changing marine ecosystems in the 21st century. AU - Ainsworth, C. H. AU - Samhouri, J. F. AU - Busch, D. S. AU - Cheung, W. W. L. AU - Dunne, J. AU - Okey, T. A. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsr043 IS - 6 N1 - 10.1093/icesjms/fsr043 PY - 2011 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 1217-1229 ST - Potential impacts of climate change on Northeast Pacific marine foodwebs and fisheries T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Potential impacts of climate change on Northeast Pacific marine foodwebs and fisheries VL - 68 ID - 24691 ER - TY - RPRT AU - AIR Worldwide CY - Boston, MA PB - AIR Worldwide PY - 2016 SP - 10 ST - The Coastline at Risk: 2016 Update to the Estimated Insured Value of U.S. Coastal Properties TI - The Coastline at Risk: 2016 Update to the Estimated Insured Value of U.S. Coastal Properties UR - http://airww.co/coastlineatrisk ID - 25471 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) 2015-2030 is the first of three United Nations (UN) landmark agreements this year (the other two being the Sustainable Development Goals due in September 2015 and the climate change agreements due in December 2015). It represents a step in the direction of global policy coherence with explicit reference to health, economic development, and climate change. The multiple efforts of the health community in the policy development process, including campaigning for safe schools and hospitals, helped to put people’s mental and physical health, resilience, and well-being higher up the DRR agenda compared with its predecessor, the 2005 Hyogo Framework for Action. This report reflects on these policy developments and their implications and reviews the range of health impacts from disasters; summarizes the widened remit of DRR in the post-2015 world; and finally, presents the science and health calls of the Sendai Framework to be implemented over the next 15 years to reduce disaster losses in lives and livelihoods. Aitsi-Selmi A , Murray V . Protecting the Health and Well-being of Populations from Disasters: Health and Health Care in The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(1):74–78. AU - Aitsi-Selmi, Amina AU - Murray, Virginia DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1049023X15005531 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 12/17 IS - 1 KW - disaster disaster risk reduction emergency response global health policy public health PY - 2015 SN - 1049-023X SP - 74-78 ST - Protecting the health and well-being of populations from disasters: Health and health care in the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015-2030 T2 - Prehospital and Disaster Medicine TI - Protecting the health and well-being of populations from disasters: Health and health care in the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015-2030 VL - 31 ID - 23705 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Urbanization plays an important role in altering local to regional climate. In this study, the trends in precipitation and the air temperature were investigated for urban and peri-urban areas of 18 mega cities selected from six continents (representing a wide range of climatic patterns). Multiple statistical tests were used to examine long-term trends in annual and seasonal precipitation and air temperature for the selected cities. The urban and peri-urban areas were classified based on the percentage of land imperviousness. Through this study, it was evident that removal of the lag-k serial correlation caused a reduction of approximately 20 to 30% in significant trend observability for temperature and precipitation data. This observation suggests that appropriate trend analysis methodology for climate studies is necessary. Additionally, about 70% of the urban areas showed higher positive air temperature trends, compared with peri-urban areas. There were not clear trend signatures (i.e., mix of increase or decrease) when comparing urban vs peri-urban precipitation in each selected city. Overall, cities located in dry areas, for example, in Africa, southern parts of North America, and Eastern Asia, showed a decrease in annual and seasonal precipitation, while wetter conditions were favorable for cities located in wet regions such as, southeastern South America, eastern North America, and northern Europe. A positive relationship was observed between decadal trends of annual/seasonal air temperature and precipitation for all urban and peri-urban areas, with a higher rate being observed for urban areas. AU - Ajaaj, Aws A. AU - Mishra, Ashok K. AU - Khan, Abdul A. DA - March 15 DO - 10.1007/s00704-017-2096-7 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1434-4483 ST - Urban and peri-urban precipitation and air temperature trends in mega cities of the world using multiple trend analysis methods T2 - Theoretical and Applied Climatology TI - Urban and peri-urban precipitation and air temperature trends in mega cities of the world using multiple trend analysis methods ID - 22678 ER - TY - NEWS AU - AJC Staff CY - Atlanta, GA DA - September 10 PY - 2017 ST - Gov. Deal: 'Virtually the entire state' to be impacted by Irma T2 - The Atlanta Journal-Constitution TI - Gov. Deal: 'Virtually the entire state' to be impacted by Irma UR - https://www.ajc.com/news/gov-deal-virtually-the-entire-state-impacted-irma/pm6pW2vlt4GQpM34a7s4TO/ ID - 26330 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Akagi, S.K. AU - Yokelson, R.J. AU - Wiedinmyer, C. AU - Alvarado, M. AU - Reid, J. AU - Karl, T. AU - Crounse, J. AU - Wennberg, P. C6 - NCA DO - 10.5194/acp-11-4039-2011 IS - 9 PY - 2011 SN - 1680-7316 SP - 4039-4072 ST - Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models VL - 11 ID - 12427 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Akil, Luma AU - Ahmad, H. Anwar AU - Reddy, Remata S. DO - 10.1089/fpd.2014.1802 IS - 12 N1 - Ch6 PY - 2014 SN - 1535-3141 1556-7125 SP - 974-980 ST - Effects of climate change on Salmonella infections T2 - Foodborne Pathogens and Disease TI - Effects of climate change on Salmonella infections VL - 11 ID - 17623 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Akinbami, Lara J. AU - Moorman, Jeanne E. AU - Bailey, Cathy AU - Zahran, Hatice S. AU - King, Michael AU - Johnson, Carol A. AU - Liu, Xiang C6 - NCA CY - Hyattsville, MD PB - National Center for Health Statistics PY - 2012 SN - NCHS Data Brief No. 94, May 2012 SP - 8 ST - Trends in Asthma Prevalence, Health Care Use, and Mortality in the United States, 2001–2010 T2 - NCHS Data Brief TI - Trends in Asthma Prevalence, Health Care Use, and Mortality in the United States, 2001–2010 UR - http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db94.pdf ID - 12429 ER - TY - RPRT AB - Hawai‘i State law provides pathways for island communities to apply for the designation of Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Areas (CBSFAs), allowing for comanagement of culturally significant and/or cologically vulnerable nearshore fisheries by the state and local communities. In the early 1990s residents of the Island of Moloka‘i expressed concern about Native Hawaiians’ rights to exercise traditional cultural fishing practices in nearshore environments. A task force report, commissioned in 1994 by then- Governor John Waihe‘e, recommended that the Mo‘omomi fishery area along the northwest coast of Moloka‘i serve as a demonstration area, in which fishing activities would be managed by the Ho‘olehua Homestead community primarily for subsistence rather than commercial use. The Hawai‘i State Legislature passed Hawai‘i Revised Statute §188-22.6 that same year, authorizing the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) to designate CBSFAs and implement management strategies “for the purpose of reaffirming and protecting fishing practices customarily and traditionally exercised for the purposes of [N]ative Hawaiian subsistence, culture, and religion.” Fish and other marine life are prominent staples of traditional Hawaiian diets, and overfishing, commercial harvesting methods, and a gradual movement away from the Hawaiian mahele system of sharing and other ancestral practices were identified as threats to community and cultural food security. Despite the passage of legislation more than 20 years ago, the proposed Mo‘omomi CBSFA remained a pilot project. Currently Hui Mālama O Mo‘omomi, a community organization based on Moloka‘i, is in the process of advancing a formal proposal to make traditional subsistence harvesting practices legally enforceable in the designated area of Moloka‘i’s north shore. This Health Impact Assessment seeks to provide information that will help evaluate the CBSFA proposal by taking into consideration potential effects of CBSFA status on community well-being. The authors also hope that the findings and recommendations of an HIA particular to the Mo‘omomi area may also prove relevant to CBSFA proposals from other regions of the state where such co-management strategies are being considered. AU - Akutagawa, Malia AU - Cole, Elizabeth AU - Diaz, Tressa P. AU - Gupta, Tanaya Dutta AU - Gupta, Clare AU - Kamakaala, Shaelene AU - Taualii, Maile AU - Faʻanunu, Angela CY - Kamuela, HI DA - 2016/03// DP - scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu LA - eng M3 - Report PB - The Kohala Center PY - 2016 ST - Health Impact Assessment of the Proposed Moʻomomi Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Area TI - Health Impact Assessment of the Proposed Moʻomomi Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Area UR - http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/46016 Y2 - 2017/09/25/23:09:09 ID - 22376 ER - TY - RPRT AB - Over the years, the people of Manaʻe (East Molokaʻi) have witnessed a notable decline in the health of their watershed. A significant part of this declining health is the degradation of the mauka (mountain) native forests, which has subsequently had a drastic effect on all of the ahupuaʻa (traditional land divisions) of Manaʻe, from mauka (mountain) to makai (sea). Ensuring the well-being of these mauka areas is essential to the preservation and perpetuation of Native Hawaiian traditional and customary practices carried out in the moku (district), given the symbiotic relationship between the people and their ʻāina. Thus, Manaʻe residents are passionate about protecting their moku and the resources that sustain them. It is their protectiveness of their island that often puts them at odds with each other in deciding how best to care for her – which is at the core of this report. In 2013, the possibility of protecting Manaʻe’s mauka rainforests with a fence was proposed to the community through the draft East Slope Watershed Start-Up Management Plan (“East Slope Management Plan”), which was prepared by the East Molokaʻi Watershed Partnership (EMoWP). That plan was based on the recognition that the degradation of these mauka areas was largely attributable to an influx of habitat altering invasive plant and animal species that have significantly impacted native forests, the life that inhabits them, and the freshwater they foster. The proposed fence has elicited strong reactions from the Manaʻe community – both for and against such a fence. It also caused some community members to call for additional planning that looks at the entire moku and all of its ahupuaʻa, from mauka to makai. In response to these strong reactions, the planning process to create this report was undertaken. The purpose of this report is to accomplish the following objectives: (1) Recognize that the people of Manaʻe (East Molokaʻi) regularly exercise Native Hawaiian traditional and customary practices, and document those practices. (2) Provide an explanation of Native Hawaiian legal protections pertinent to Manaʻe kamaʻāina’s traditional and customary practices. (3) Develop a framework for a community-based Subsistence and Ahupuaʻa Management Plan for the Manaʻe Moku, Mauka to Makai. (4) Summarize community recommendations for the East Molokaʻi Watershed Partnership’s East Slope Management Plan (January 2014 draft). The primary steps taken to reach these goals included: • Documentation of residents’ traditional and cultural practices in the moku of Manaʻe; • Gathering mana‘o (input) from key informants (kamaʻāina and other experts) regarding how best to protect these resources and practices; • Analysis of legal protections specific to Manaʻe families exercising Native Hawaiian traditional and customary practices within their moku and ahupuaʻa; • Reconciling varied perspectives and information where possible and finding common areas of agreement in manaʻo shared by Manaʻe families in terms of traditional and modern ʻāina (land) stewardship and ahupuaʻa resource management; • Identifying the recommendations that best incorporate and honor the collective manaʻo, and weaving them into a framework for a community-based Subsistence and Ahupuaʻa Management Plan for Manaʻe, Mauka to Makai. • Summarizing community recommendations for the East Slope Management Plan. AU - Akutagawa, Malia AU - Williams, Harmonee AU - Kamaka'ala, Shaelene AU - Native Hawaiian Rights Clinic DA - 2016/04/14/ DO - 10.13140/RG.2.1.2697.5125 DP - ResearchGate PB - Office of Hawaiian Affairs PY - 2016 SP - 140 ST - Traditional & Customary Practices Report for Manaʻe (East) Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi TI - Traditional & Customary Practices Report for Manaʻe (East) Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi ID - 22375 ER - TY - PRESS AU - ALA CY - Chicago, IL PB - American Library Association (ALA) PY - 2015 SP - 2 ST - Resolution on the Importance of Sustainable Libraries TI - Resolution on the Importance of Sustainable Libraries UR - http://www.ala.org/aboutala/sites/ala.org.aboutala/files/content/governance/council/council_documents/2015_annual_council_documents/cd_36_substainable_libraries_resol_final.pdf ID - 23205 ER - TY - WEB AU - Alaska Ocean Acidification Network CY - Alaska Ocean Observing Network, Alaska Ocean Acidification Network M1 - 9 September 2017 PY - 2017 ST - Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Alaska Fish and Shellfish [web infographic] TI - Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Alaska Fish and Shellfish [web infographic] UR - http://www.aoos.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/AOAN-Poster-with-Sidebar-11x17.pdf VL - 2017 ID - 22157 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Albertine, Jennifer M. AU - Manning, William J. AU - DaCosta, Michelle AU - Stinson, Kristina A. AU - Muilenberg, Michael L. AU - Rogers, Christine A. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0111712 IS - 11 N1 - Ch3 PY - 2014 SN - 1932-6203 SP - e111712 ST - Projected carbon dioxide to increase grass pollen and allergen exposure despite higher ozone levels T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Projected carbon dioxide to increase grass pollen and allergen exposure despite higher ozone levels VL - 9 ID - 16124 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We estimate the first cross-sectional index of transaction-based land values for every U.S. metropolitan area. The index accounts for geographic selection and incorporates novel shrinkage methods using a prior belief based on urban economic theory. Land values at the city center increase with city size, as do land-value gradients; both are highly variable across cities. Urban land values are estimated at more than two times GDP in 2006. These estimates are higher and less volatile than estimates from residual (total - structure) methods. Five urban agglomerations account for 48 percent of all urban land value in the United States. JEL Codes: C43, R1, R3 AU - Albouy, David AU - Ehrlich, Gabriel AU - Shin, Minchul DO - 10.1162/REST_a_00710 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SP - 454-466 ST - Metropolitan land values T2 - The Review of Economics and Statistics TI - Metropolitan land values VL - 100 ID - 25599 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We present a hedonic framework to estimate US households’ preferences over local climates, using detailed weather and 2000 Census data. We find that Americans favor a daily average temperature of 65 degrees Fahrenheit, that they will pay more on the margin to avoid excess heat than cold, and that damages increase less than linearly over extreme cold. These preferences vary by location due to sorting or adaptation. Changes in climate amenities under business-as-usual predictions imply annual welfare losses of 1%–4% of income by 2100, holding technology and preferences constant. AU - Albouy, David AU - Graf, Walter AU - Kellogg, Ryan AU - Wolff, Hendrik DO - 10.1086/684573 IS - 1 KW - H49,I39,Q54,R10 PY - 2016 SP - 205-246 ST - Climate amenities, climate change, and American quality of life T2 - Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists TI - Climate amenities, climate change, and American quality of life VL - 3 ID - 21320 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Albright, Rebecca AU - Caldeira, Lilian AU - Hosfelt, Jessica AU - Kwiatkowski, Lester AU - Maclaren, Jana K. AU - Mason, Benjamin M. AU - Nebuchina, Yana AU - Ninokawa, Aaron AU - Pongratz, Julia AU - Ricke, Katharine L. AU - Rivlin, Tanya AU - Schneider, Kenneth AU - Sesboüé, Marine AU - Shamberger, Kathryn AU - Silverman, Jacob AU - Wolfe, Kennedy AU - Zhu, Kai AU - Caldeira, Ken DA - 02/24/online DO - 10.1038/nature17155 PY - 2016 SP - 362-365 ST - Reversal of ocean acidification enhances net coral reef calcification T2 - Nature TI - Reversal of ocean acidification enhances net coral reef calcification VL - 531 ID - 24049 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aldunce, Paulina AU - Beilin, Ruth AU - Handmer, John AU - Howden, Mark DA - 2016/01/02 DO - 10.1080/17477891.2015.1134427 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 1747-7891 SP - 58-73 ST - Stakeholder participation in building resilience to disasters in a changing climate T2 - Environmental Hazards TI - Stakeholder participation in building resilience to disasters in a changing climate VL - 15 ID - 24147 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aldy, Joseph E. DA - 2017/11/02 DO - 10.1080/00963402.2017.1388673 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SN - 0096-3402 SP - 376-381 ST - Real world headwinds for Trump climate change policy T2 - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists TI - Real world headwinds for Trump climate change policy VL - 73 ID - 25191 ER - TY - WEB AU - ALERT Worldwide CY - Boston, MA DA - December 6 M1 - March 27, 2018 PB - AIR Worldwide PY - 2017 ST - Hurricane Maria [web site] TI - Hurricane Maria [web site] UR - http://alert.air-worldwide.com/EventSummary.aspx?e=880&tp=68&c=1 ID - 26431 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alessa, Lilian (Na'ia) AU - Kliskey, Andrew (Anaru) AU - Busey, Robert AU - Hinzman, Larry AU - White, Dan DA - May DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.01.004 IS - 2 PY - 2008 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 256-270 ST - Freshwater vulnerabilities and resilience on the Seward Peninsula: Integrating multiple dimensions of landscape change. T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Freshwater vulnerabilities and resilience on the Seward Peninsula: Integrating multiple dimensions of landscape change. VL - 18 ID - 22158 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We explore the connections among indigenous climate-related narratives, documented temperature changes, and climate change impact studies from the scientific literature. We then propose a framework for enhancing synthesis of these indigenous narratives of observed climate change with global assessments. Our aim is to contribute to the thoughtful and respectful integration of indigenous knowledge with scientific data and analysis, so that this rich body of knowledge can inform science and so that indigenous peoples can use the tools and methods of science for the benefit of their communities if they choose to do so. Improving ways of understanding such connections is critical as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report process proceeds. AU - Alexander, Clarence AU - Bynum, Nora AU - Johnson, Elizabeth AU - King, Ursula AU - Mustonen, Tero AU - Neofotis, Peter AU - Oettlé, Noel AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Sakakibara, Chie AU - Shadrin, Vyacheslav AU - Vicarelli, Marta AU - Waterhouse, Jon AU - Weeks, Brian DO - 10.1525/bio.2011.61.6.10 IS - 6 N1 - 10.1525/bio.2011.61.6.10 PY - 2011 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 477-484 ST - Linking indigenous and scientific knowledge of climate change T2 - BioScience TI - Linking indigenous and scientific knowledge of climate change VL - 61 ID - 24950 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alexander, Jake M. AU - Diez, Jeffrey M. AU - Hart, Simon P. AU - Levine, Jonathan M. DO - 10.1016/j.tree.2016.08.003 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SN - 0169-5347 SP - 831-841 ST - When climate reshuffles competitors: A call for experimental macroecology T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution TI - When climate reshuffles competitors: A call for experimental macroecology VL - 31 Y2 - 2017/12/06 ID - 23334 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alexander, M. A. AU - Scott, J. D. AU - Friedland, K. AU - Mills, K. E. AU - Nye, J. A. AU - Pershing, A. J. AU - Thomas, A. C. DO - 10.1525/elementa.191 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - Art. 9 ST - Projected sea surface temperatures over the 21st century: Changes in the mean, variability and extremes for large marine ecosystem regions of Northern Oceans T2 - Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene TI - Projected sea surface temperatures over the 21st century: Changes in the mean, variability and extremes for large marine ecosystem regions of Northern Oceans VL - 6 ID - 21934 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Previous studies suggest that extratropical atmospheric variability influences the tropics via the seasonal footprinting mechanism (SFM), in which fluctuations in the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) impact the ocean via surface heat fluxes during winter and the resulting springtime subtropical SST anomalies alter the atmosphere–ocean system over the tropics in the following summer, fall, and winter. Here, the authors test the SFM hypothesis by imposing NPO-related surface heat flux forcing in an atmospheric GCM coupled to a reduced gravity ocean model in the tropics and a slab ocean in the extratropics. The forcing is only imposed through the first winter, and then the model is free to evolve through the following winter. The evolution of the coupled model response to the forcing is consistent with the SFM hypothesis: the NPO-driven surface fluxes cause positive SST anomalies to form in the central and eastern subtropics during winter; these anomalies propagate toward the equator along with westerly wind anomalies during spring, reach the equator in summer, and then amplify, which leads to an ENSO event in the following winter. The anomalies reach the equator through a combination of thermodynamically coupled air–sea interactions, namely, the wind–evaporation–SST (WES) feedback and equatorial ocean dynamics. The initial off-equatorial anomaly propagates toward the equator through a relaxation of the climatological easterly winds south of the dominant SST anomalies, which leads to a reduction in upward latent heat flux. These westerly anomalies reach the equator during boreal summer, where they can excite downwelling equatorial Kelvin waves. The connection between off-equatorial variations and tropical ENSO-like conditions may also occur via the excitation of westward-propagating equatorial Rossby waves during spring, which reflect off of the western boundary as Kelvin waves, depressing the thermocline in the eastern Pacific during the following summer. NPO-related anomalies that form during the first winter in the tropical Pacific may also contribute to the development of an El Niño event in the following winter. The imposition of the NPO-related forcing caused warming in the ENSO region in ∼70% of the ensemble of 60 simulations; therefore, the response depends on the state of the tropical atmosphere–ocean system. For years where the control simulation was poised to develop into a neutral or negative ENSO event, the addition of the NPO heat fluxes tended to cause anomalous warming in the tropical Pacific in the following fall/winter; if the control was heading toward a warm ENSO event, the imposition of NPO forcing tends to reduce the amplitude of that event. AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Vimont, Daniel J. AU - Chang, Ping AU - Scott, James D. DO - 10.1175/2010jcli3205.1 IS - 11 KW - ENSO,Extratropics,Coupled models,Sea surface temperature,Atmosphere–ocean interaction PY - 2010 SP - 2885-2901 ST - The impact of extratropical atmospheric variability on ENSO: Testing the seasonal footprinting mechanism using coupled model experiments T2 - Journal of Climate TI - The impact of extratropical atmospheric variability on ENSO: Testing the seasonal footprinting mechanism using coupled model experiments VL - 23 ID - 20865 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alexander, Peter AU - Prestele, Reinhard AU - Verburg, Peter H. AU - Arneth, Almut AU - Baranzelli, Claudia AU - Batista e Silva, Filipe AU - Brown, Calum AU - Butler, Adam AU - Calvin, Katherine AU - Dendoncker, Nicolas AU - Doelman, Jonathan C. AU - Dunford, Robert AU - Engström, Kerstin AU - Eitelberg, David AU - Fujimori, Shinichiro AU - Harrison, Paula A. AU - Hasegawa, Tomoko AU - Havlik, Petr AU - Holzhauer, Sascha AU - Humpenöder, Florian AU - Jacobs-Crisioni, Chris AU - Jain, Atul K. AU - Krisztin, Tamás AU - Kyle, Page AU - Lavalle, Carlo AU - Lenton, Tim AU - Liu, Jiayi AU - Meiyappan, Prasanth AU - Popp, Alexander AU - Powell, Tom AU - Sands, Ronald D. AU - Schaldach, Rüdiger AU - Stehfest, Elke AU - Steinbuks, Jevgenijs AU - Tabeau, Andrzej AU - van Meijl, Hans AU - Wise, Marshall A. AU - Rounsevell, Mark D. A. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13447 IS - 2 KW - cropland land cover land use model inter-comparison uncertainty PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 767-781 ST - Assessing uncertainties in land cover projections T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Assessing uncertainties in land cover projections VL - 23 ID - 22679 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Alkon, Alison Hope AU - Agyeman, Julian CY - Cambridge, MA PB - MIT Press PY - 2011 SN - 9780262516327 SP - 408 ST - Cultivating Food Justice: Race, Class, and Sustainability TI - Cultivating Food Justice: Race, Class, and Sustainability ID - 23707 ER - TY - JOUR AB - With increasing pressure placed on natural systems by growing human populations, both scientists and resource managers need a better understanding of the relationships between cumulative stress from human activities and valued ecosystem services. Societies often seek to mitigate threats to these services through large-scale, costly restoration projects, such as the over one billion dollar Great Lakes Restoration Initiative currently underway. To help inform these efforts, we merged high-resolution spatial analyses of environmental stressors with mapping of ecosystem services for all five Great Lakes. Cumulative ecosystem stress is highest in near-shore habitats, but also extends offshore in Lakes Erie, Ontario, and Michigan. Variation in cumulative stress is driven largely by spatial concordance among multiple stressors, indicating the importance of considering all stressors when planning restoration activities. In addition, highly stressed areas reflect numerous different combinations of stressors rather than a single suite of problems, suggesting that a detailed understanding of the stressors needing alleviation could improve restoration planning. We also find that many important areas for fisheries and recreation are subject to high stress, indicating that ecosystem degradation could be threatening key services. Current restoration efforts have targeted high-stress sites almost exclusively, but generally without knowledge of the full range of stressors affecting these locations or differences among sites in service provisioning. Our results demonstrate that joint spatial analysis of stressors and ecosystem services can provide a critical foundation for maximizing social and ecological benefits from restoration investments. AU - Allan, J. David AU - McIntyre, Peter B. AU - Smith, Sigrid D. P. AU - Halpern, Benjamin S. AU - Boyer, Gregory L. AU - Buchsbaum, Andy AU - Burton, G. A. AU - Campbell, Linda M. AU - Chadderton, W. Lindsay AU - Ciborowski, Jan J. H. AU - Doran, Patrick J. AU - Eder, Tim AU - Infante, Dana M. AU - Johnson, Lucinda B. AU - Joseph, Christine A. AU - Marino, Adrienne L. AU - Prusevich, Alexander AU - Read, Jennifer G. AU - Rose, Joan B. AU - Rutherford, Edward S. AU - Sowa, Scott P. AU - Steinman, Alan D. DA - January 2, 2013 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1213841110 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SP - 372-377 ST - Joint analysis of stressors and ecosystem services to enhance restoration effectiveness T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Joint analysis of stressors and ecosystem services to enhance restoration effectiveness VL - 110 ID - 21167 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Lovejoy, Thomas E. A2 - Hannah, Lee AU - Allan, J. David AU - Palmer, Margaret AU - Poff, N. Leroy C4 - 793bb110-f9eb-43d2-a0bb-2898e426754d CY - Ann Arbor, MI PB - Yale University Press PY - 2005 SN - 978-0300119800 SP - 274-290 ST - Climate change and freshwater ecosystems T2 - Climate Change and Biodiversity TI - Climate change and freshwater ecosystems ID - 26623 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate models suggest that extreme precipitation events will become more common in an anthropogenically warmed climate. However, observational limitations have hindered a direct evaluation of model-projected changes in extreme precipitation. We used satellite observations and model simulations to examine the response of tropical precipitation events to naturally driven changes in surface temperature and atmospheric moisture content. These observations reveal a distinct link between rainfall extremes and temperature, with heavy rain events increasing during warm periods and decreasing during cold periods. Furthermore, the observed amplification of rainfall extremes is found to be larger than that predicted by models, implying that projections of future changes in rainfall extremes in response to anthropogenic global warming may be underestimated. AU - Allan, Richard P. AU - Soden, Brian J. DO - 10.1126/science.1160787 IS - 5895 PY - 2008 SP - 1481-1484 ST - Atmospheric warming and the amplification of precipitation extremes T2 - Science TI - Atmospheric warming and the amplification of precipitation extremes VL - 321 ID - 24286 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allen, Craig D. AU - Breshears, David D. AU - McDowell, Nate G. C7 - art129 DO - 10.1890/ES15-00203.1 IS - 8 KW - carbon starvation climate change CO2 fertilization drought ESA Centennial Paper extreme events forest die-off forests hydraulic failure insect pests pathogens tree mortality woodlands PY - 2015 SN - 2150-8925 SP - 1-55 ST - On underestimation of global vulnerability to tree mortality and forest die-off from hotter drought in the Anthropocene T2 - Ecosphere TI - On underestimation of global vulnerability to tree mortality and forest die-off from hotter drought in the Anthropocene VL - 6 ID - 23658 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allen, Craig D. AU - Macalady, Alison K. AU - Chenchouni, Haroun AU - Bachelet, Dominique AU - McDowell, Nate AU - Vennetier, Michel AU - Kitzberger, Thomas AU - Rigling, Andreas AU - Breshears, David D. AU - Hogg, E. H. AU - Gonzalez, Patrick AU - Fensham, Rod AU - Zhang, Zhen AU - Castro, Jorge AU - Demidova, Natalia AU - Lim, Jong-Hwan AU - Allard, Gillian AU - Running, Steven W. AU - Semerci, Akkin AU - Cobb, Neil C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.001 IS - 4 KW - Climate change; Drought effects; Forest die-off; Forest mortality; Global patterns; Tree mortality N1 - (Ted) PY - 2010 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 660-684 ST - A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests VL - 259 ID - 12449 ER - TY - EJOUR AB - The United States hail observation dataset maintained and updated annually by the Storm Prediction Center is one of the largest currently available worldwide and spans the period 1955-present.  Despite its length, climatology of this dataset is nontrivial because of numerous characteristics that are nonmeteorological in origin.  Here, the main features and limitations of the dataset are explored, including the implications of an increasing frequency in the time series, approaches to spatial smoothing of observations, and the sources that contribute to the hail dataset.  Despite these problems, using limited temporal windows, spatial binning and judicious application of smoothing techniques reveals important characteristics of the hail dataset.  The annual and diurnal cycles are found to be sensitive to the spatial shift northwards of observations and increasing report frequency in the Southeast.  Hail days, in contrast to hail reports, show no national trend over the last 25 y.  Regional and local influences on hail reporting are identified stemming from verification procedures and contributions from local officials.  The change in the definition of severe hail size from 0.75 in (1.9 cm) to 1.00 in (2.5 cm) in 2010 has a particularly clear signature in the report statistics.  The contribution of storm chasers and source of report factors beyond population to the hail dataset is also explored, and the difficulty in removing these changes discussed.  The overall findings highlight the limitations and nonmeteorological features present in hail observations.  Adding visual and descriptive metadata has the potential to improve the hail reporting process. AU - Allen, John T. AU - Tippett, Michael K. C4 - 45e7bb71-6f3c-4646-ac50-b29af1c88752 IS - 3 PY - 2015 SP - 1-31 ST - The Characteristics of United States Hail Reports: 1955-2014 T2 - Electronic Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology TI - The Characteristics of United States Hail Reports: 1955-2014 UR - http://www.ejssm.org/ojs/index.php/ejssm/article/viewArticle/149 VL - 10 ID - 19720 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allen, Larry S. DA - 2006/06/01/ DO - 10.2111/1551-501X(2006)28[17:CITBTM]2.0.CO;2 IS - 3 PY - 2006 SN - 0190-0528 SP - 17-21 ST - Collaboration in the Borderlands: The Malpai Borderlands Group T2 - Rangelands TI - Collaboration in the Borderlands: The Malpai Borderlands Group VL - 28 ID - 23708 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allen, Melissa R. AU - Fernandez, Steven J. AU - Fu, Joshua S. AU - Olama, Mohammed M. DA - 07/25/online DO - 10.1038/nenergy.2016.103 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 16103 ST - Impacts of climate change on sub-regional electricity demand and distribution in the southern United States T2 - Nature Energy TI - Impacts of climate change on sub-regional electricity demand and distribution in the southern United States VL - 1 ID - 25264 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allen, Robert J. AU - Norris, Joel R. AU - Kovilakam, Mahesh DA - 04//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo2091 IS - 4 M3 - Letter PY - 2014 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 270-274 ST - Influence of anthropogenic aerosols and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on tropical belt width T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Influence of anthropogenic aerosols and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on tropical belt width VL - 7 ID - 19592 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allen, Robert J. AU - Sherwood, Steven C. AU - Norris, Joel R. AU - Zender, Charles S. DA - 05/17/print DO - 10.1038/nature11097 IS - 7398 PY - 2012 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 350-354 ST - Recent Northern Hemisphere tropical expansion primarily driven by black carbon and tropospheric ozone T2 - Nature TI - Recent Northern Hemisphere tropical expansion primarily driven by black carbon and tropospheric ozone VL - 485 ID - 19591 ER - TY - WEB AU - Allison, Melissa CY - Seattle, WA PB - Zillow PY - 2016 ST - The Effect of Rising Sea Levels on Coastal Homes T2 - Zillow Porchlight TI - The Effect of Rising Sea Levels on Coastal Homes UR - https://www.zillow.com/blog/rising-sea-levels-coastal-homes-202268/ ID - 24048 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The onset of spring plant growth has shifted earlier in the year over the past several decades due to rising global temperatures. Earlier spring onset may cause phenological mismatches between the availability of plant resources and dependent animals, and potentially lead to more false springs, when subsequent freezing temperatures damage new plant growth. We used the extended spring indices to project changes in spring onset, defined by leaf out and by first bloom, and predicted false springs until 2100 in the conterminous United States (US) using statistically-downscaled climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 ensemble. Averaged over our study region, the median shift in spring onset was 23 days earlier in the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario with particularly large shifts in the Western US and the Great Plains. Spatial variation in phenology was due to the influence of short-term temperature changes around the time of spring onset versus season-long accumulation of warm temperatures. False spring risk increased in the Great Plains and portions of the Midwest, but remained constant or decreased elsewhere. We conclude that global climate change may have complex and spatially variable effects on spring onset and false springs, making local predictions of change difficult. AU - Allstadt, Andrew J. AU - Vavrus, Stephen J. AU - Heglund, Patricia J. AU - Pidgeon, Anna M. AU - Thogmartin, Wayne E. AU - Radeloff, Volker C. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/10/104008 IS - 10 PY - 2015 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 104008 ST - Spring plant phenology and false springs in the conterminous US during the 21st century T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Spring plant phenology and false springs in the conterminous US during the 21st century VL - 10 ID - 26165 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In recent years, carbon capture and utilization (CCU) has been proposed as a potential technological solution to the problems of greenhouse‐gas emissions and the ever‐growing energy demand. To combat climate change and ocean acidification as a result of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, efforts have already been put forth to capture and sequester CO2 from large point sources, especially power plants; however, the utilization of CO2 as a feedstock to make valuable chemicals, materials, and transportation fuels is potentially more desirable and provides a better and long‐term solution than sequestration. The products of CO2 utilization can supplement or replace chemical feedstocks in the fine chemicals, pharmaceutical, and polymer industries. In this review, we first provide an overview of the current status of CO2‐capture technologies and their associated challenges and opportunities with respect to efficiency and economy followed by an overview of various carbon‐utilization approaches. The current status of combined CO2 capture and utilization, as a novel efficient and cost‐effective approach, is also briefly discussed. We summarize the main challenges associated with the design, development, and large‐scale deployment of CO2 capture and utilization processes to provide a perspective and roadmap for the development of new technologies and opportunities to accelerate their scale‐up in the near future. AU - Al‐Mamoori, Ahmed AU - Krishnamurthy, Anirudh AU - Rownaghi, Ali A. AU - Rezaei, Fateme DO - 10.1002/ente.201600747 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SP - 834-849 ST - Carbon capture and utilization update T2 - Energy Technology TI - Carbon capture and utilization update VL - 5 ID - 25192 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alongi, D.M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.08.024 IS - 1 PY - 2008 SN - 0272-7714 SP - 1-13 ST - Mangrove forests: Resilience, protection from tsunamis, and responses to global climate change T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science TI - Mangrove forests: Resilience, protection from tsunamis, and responses to global climate change VL - 76 ID - 12457 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Alsarhan, Abdullah AU - Mohammed Zatari, Taha AU - Al-Asaly, Fareed S. AU - Ablueif, Khalid M. AU - Harthi, Awwad A. AU - Al Othman, Mohammed A. AU - Babiker, Mustafa H. AU - Khan, Ahsanullah AU - Saud Aljabr, Abdullah AU - Albuqami, Faisal H. AU - Khelaifi, Ali Ibrahim AU - Sairafi, Abdulbasit Salem AU - Sakkal, Mohammed Marwan AU - Al-Amin Al-Shaikh, Mohamad AU - Husain, Tahir AU - Khan, Rouf AU - Rahman, Syed Masiur AU - Khondaker, Abu AU - Bukhari, Alaa A. AU - Al-Shamsi, Mohammed CY - Riyadh, Saudi Arabia PB - Saudi Designated National Authority PY - 2016 ST - Third National Communication of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Submitted to UNFCCC) TI - Third National Communication of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Submitted to UNFCCC) UR - http://www.cdmdna.gov.sa/report/40/third-national-communication-of-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia ID - 26006 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Both land use changes and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have significantly modified regional climate over the last century. In the central United States, for example, observational data indicate that rainfall increased, surface air temperature decreased, and surface humidity increased during the summer over the course of the twentieth century concurrently with increases in both agricultural production and global GHG emissions. However, the relative contributions of each of these forcings to the observed regional changes remain unclear. Results of both regional climate model simulations and observational analyses suggest that much of the observed rainfall increase—as well as the decrease in temperature and increase in humidity—is attributable to agricultural intensification in the central United States, with natural variability and GHG emissions playing secondary roles. Thus, we conclude that twentieth century land use changes contributed more to forcing observed regional climate change during the summer in the central United States than increasing GHG emissions. AU - Alter, Ross E. AU - Douglas, Hunter C. AU - Winter, Jonathan M. AU - Eltahir, Elfatih A. B. DO - 10.1002/2017GL075604 IS - 3 PY - 2018 SP - 1586-1594 ST - Twentieth century regional climate change during the summer in the central United States attributed to agricultural intensification T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Twentieth century regional climate change during the summer in the central United States attributed to agricultural intensification VL - 45 ID - 25930 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Althor, Glenn AU - Watson, James E. M. AU - Fuller, Richard A. DA - 02/05/online DO - 10.1038/srep20281 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 20281 ST - Global mismatch between greenhouse gas emissions and the burden of climate change T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Global mismatch between greenhouse gas emissions and the burden of climate change VL - 6 ID - 26411 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Overexploitation of predators has been linked to the collapse of a growing number of shallow‐water marine ecosystems. However, salt‐marsh ecosystems are often viewed and managed as systems controlled by physical processes, despite recent evidence for herbivore‐driven die‐off of marsh vegetation. Here we use field observations, experiments, and historical records at 14 sites to examine whether the recently reported die‐off of northwestern Atlantic salt marshes is associated with the cascading effects of predator dynamics and intensive recreational fishing activity. We found that the localized depletion of top predators at sites accessible to recreational anglers has triggered the proliferation of herbivorous crabs, which in turn results in runaway consumption of marsh vegetation. This suggests that overfishing may be a general mechanism underlying the consumer‐driven die‐off of salt marshes spreading throughout the western Atlantic. Our findings support the emerging realization that consumers play a dominant role in regulating marine plant communities and can lead to ecosystem collapse when their impacts are amplified by human activities, including recreational fishing. AU - Altieri, Andrew H. AU - Bertness, Mark D. AU - Coverdale, Tyler C. AU - Herrmann, Nicholas C. AU - Angelini, Christine DO - 10.1890/11-1314.1 IS - 6 PY - 2012 SP - 1402-1410 ST - A trophic cascade triggers collapse of a salt‐marsh ecosystem with intensive recreational fishing T2 - Ecology TI - A trophic cascade triggers collapse of a salt‐marsh ecosystem with intensive recreational fishing VL - 93 ID - 25751 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Altieri, Andrew H. AU - Gedan, Keryn B. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12754 IS - 4 KW - dissolved oxygen ecosystem function estuaries eutrophication hypoxia ocean acidification sea-level rise temperature PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1395-1406 ST - Climate change and dead zones T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Climate change and dead zones VL - 21 ID - 20004 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Scientists have long predicted large-scale responses of infectious diseases to climate change, giving rise to a polarizing debate, especially concerning human pathogens for which socioeconomic drivers and control measures can limit the detection of climate-mediated changes. Climate change has already increased the occurrence of diseases in some natural and agricultural systems, but in many cases, outcomes depend on the form of climate change and details of the host-pathogen system. In this review, we highlight research progress and gaps that have emerged during the past decade and develop a predictive framework that integrates knowledge from ecophysiology and community ecology with modeling approaches. Future work must continue to anticipate and monitor pathogen biodiversity and disease trends in natural ecosystems and identify opportunities to mitigate the impacts of climate-driven disease emergence. AD - Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. saltizer@uga.edu AU - Altizer, S. AU - Ostfeld, R. S. AU - Johnson, P. T. AU - Kutz, S. AU - Harvell, C. D. C6 - NIEHS DA - Aug 2 DB - DO - 10.1126/science.1239401 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2013/08/03 IS - 6145 KW - Animals Biodiversity Climate Change Communicable Diseases/ epidemiology/transmission Extinction, Biological Health Host-Parasite Interactions Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Prognosis LA - eng N1 - Altizer, Sonia Ostfeld, Richard S Johnson, Pieter T J Kutz, Susan Harvell, C Drew Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review United States Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):514-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1239401. PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1095-9203 (Electronic) 0036-8075 (Linking) SP - 514-519 ST - Climate change and infectious diseases: From evidence to a predictive framework T2 - Science TI - Climate change and infectious diseases: From evidence to a predictive framework VL - 341 ID - 4032 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent droughts in Puerto Rico and throughout the Caribbean have emphasized the region's agricultural vulnerability to this hazard and the increasing need for adaptation mechanisms to support sustainable production. In this study, we assessed the geographic extent of agricultural conservation practices incentivized by US Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and evaluated their large-scale contribution to drought adaptability. We identified concentrations of drought-related practices (e.g. cover crops, ponds) applied between 2000 and 2016. Using information from spatial databases and interviews with experts, we assessed the spatial correlation between these practices and areas exposed to drought as identified by the US Drought Monitor. Between 2000 and 2016, Puerto Rico experienced seven drought episodes concentrated around the south, east and southeastern regions. The most profound drought occurred between 2014 and 2016 when the island experienced 80 consecutive weeks of moderate drought, 48 of severe drought and 33 of extreme drought conditions. A total of 44 drought-related conservation practices were applied at 6984 locations throughout 860 km2 of farmlands between 2000 and 2016 through the NRCS-Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP). Practices related to water availability were statistically clustered along the coasts, whereas soil and plant health practices were clustered in the mountainous region. While these concentrations strongly correlated with areas exposed to moderate drought conditions, >80% did not coincide with areas that experienced severe or extreme drought conditions, suggesting that areas highly exposed to drought conditions generally lacked drought preparedness assisted by EQIP. Climate projections indicate an increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events, particularly in the eastern region of Puerto Rico. Our analysis highlighted the need to implement more conservation practices in these areas subject to drought intensification and exposure. Government programs intended to address vulnerabilities and enhance capacity and resilience may not be reaching areas of highest exposure. Recommendations include raising producer awareness of past and future exposure and making programs more accessible to a broader audience. AU - Álvarez-Berríos, Nora L. AU - Soto-Bayó, Sandra AU - Holupchinski, Eva AU - Fain, Stephen J. AU - Gould, William A. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S174217051800011X DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2018/02/27 KW - Adaptation agricultural drought conservation programs hotspot analysis Puerto Rico PY - 2018 SN - 1742-1705 SP - 1-13 ST - Correlating drought conservation practices and drought vulnerability in a tropical agricultural system T2 - Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems TI - Correlating drought conservation practices and drought vulnerability in a tropical agricultural system ID - 25229 ER - TY - BOOK AU - AMAP C4 - e4385436-dcc5-45ca-89a2-e281d025545d CY - Oslo, Norway PB - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme PY - 2011 SP - 538 ST - Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA): Climate Change and the Cryosphere TI - Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA): Climate Change and the Cryosphere UR - https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/snow-water-ice-and-permafrost-in-the-arctic-swipa-climate-change-and-the-cryosphere/743 ID - 12462 ER - TY - BOOK AU - AMAP C4 - 7fbfdebd-eb73-40be-88ec-109ad7a226fd CY - Oslo, Norway PB - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) PY - 2017 SN - 978-82-7971-103-2 SP - 267 ST - Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic: Perspectives from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Region TI - Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic: Perspectives from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Region UR - https://www.amap.no/documents/download/2993 ID - 22159 ER - TY - RPRT AU - AMAP CY - Oslo, Norway DA - 2017 PB - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) PY - 2017 SP - 20 ST - Summary for Policy-Makers. Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost TI - Summary for Policy-Makers. Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost UR - https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/Snow-Water-Ice-and-Permafrost.-Summary-for-Policy-makers/1532 ID - 22377 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) AU - AMAP CY - Oslo, Norway N1 - 978-82-7971-101-8 PY - 2017 RP - 978-82-7971-101-8 SP - 269 ST - Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) 2017 TI - Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) 2017 UR - https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/Snow-Water-Ice-and-Permafrost-in-the-Arctic-SWIPA-2017/1610 ID - 23313 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Amberson, Sophia AU - Biedenweg, Kelly AU - James, Justine AU - Christie, Patrick DA - 2016/12/01 DO - 10.1080/08941920.2016.1180727 IS - 12 PY - 2016 SN - 0894-1920 SP - 1389-1404 ST - “The heartbeat of our people”: Identifying and measuring how salmon influences Quinault tribal well-being T2 - Society & Natural Resources TI - “The heartbeat of our people”: Identifying and measuring how salmon influences Quinault tribal well-being VL - 29 ID - 24690 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Ambrizzi, Tercio AU - Araujo, Moacyr C. CY - Rio de Janeiro, Brasil N1 - ISBN: 978-85-285-0207-7 PB - COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro PY - 2013 SP - 25 ST - Executive Summary: The Scientific Basis of Climate Change. Contribution from Grupo de Trabalho 1 (Working Group 1) to the Primeiro Relatório de Avaliação Nacional sobre Mudanças Climáticas of the Painel Brasileiro de Mudanças Climáticas (GT1 RAN1 PBMC) TI - Executive Summary: The Scientific Basis of Climate Change. Contribution from Grupo de Trabalho 1 (Working Group 1) to the Primeiro Relatório de Avaliação Nacional sobre Mudanças Climáticas of the Painel Brasileiro de Mudanças Climáticas (GT1 RAN1 PBMC) UR - http://www.pbmc.coppe.ufrj.br/relatorios-pbmc/GT1_sumario_ingles.pdf ID - 26016 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Species’ distributions will respond to climate change based on the relationship between local demographic processes and climate and how this relationship varies based on range position. A rarely tested demographic prediction is that populations at the extremes of a species’ climate envelope (e.g., populations in areas with the highest mean annual temperature) will be most sensitive to local shifts in climate (i.e., warming). We tested this prediction using a dynamic species distribution model linking demographic rates to variation in temperature and precipitation for wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in North America. Using long‐term monitoring data from 746 populations in 27 study areas, we determined how climatic variation affected population growth rates and how these relationships varied with respect to long‐term climate. Some models supported the predicted pattern, with negative effects of extreme summer temperatures in hotter areas and positive effects on recruitment for summer water availability in drier areas. We also found evidence of interacting temperature and precipitation influencing population size, such as extreme heat having less of a negative effect in wetter areas. Other results were contrary to predictions, such as positive effects of summer water availability in wetter parts of the range and positive responses to winter warming especially in milder areas. In general, we found wood frogs were more sensitive to changes in temperature or temperature interacting with precipitation than to changes in precipitation alone. Our results suggest that sensitivity to changes in climate cannot be predicted simply by knowing locations within the species’ climate envelope. Many climate processes did not affect population growth rates in the predicted direction based on range position. Processes such as species‐interactions, local adaptation, and interactions with the physical landscape likely affect the responses we observed. Our work highlights the need to measure demographic responses to changing climate. AU - Amburgey, Staci M. AU - Miller, David A. W. AU - Campbell, Grant Evan H. AU - Rittenhouse, Tracy A. G. AU - Benard, Michael F. AU - Richardson, Jonathan L. AU - Urban, Mark C. AU - Hughson, Ward AU - Brand, Adrianne B. AU - Davis, Christopher J. AU - Hardin, Carmen R. AU - Paton, Peter W. C. AU - Raithel, Christopher J. AU - Relyea, Rick A. AU - Scott, A. Floyd AU - Skelly, David K. AU - Skidds, Dennis E. AU - Smith, Charles K. AU - Werner, Earl E. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13817 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - 439-454 ST - Range position and climate sensitivity: The structure of among‐population demographic responses to climatic variation T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Range position and climate sensitivity: The structure of among‐population demographic responses to climatic variation VL - 24 ID - 25750 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Amekudzi, Adjo AU - Crane, Matthew AU - Springstead, David AU - Rose, David AU - Batac, Tiffany CY - Washington, DC NV - FTA Report No. 0076 PB - Federal Transit Administration PY - 2013 SP - 49 ST - Transit Climate Change Adaptation Assessment for the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority TI - Transit Climate Change Adaptation Assessment for the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority UR - https://www.transit.dot.gov/research-innovation/transit-climate-change-adaptation-assessment-metropolitan-atlanta-rapid-transit ID - 24420 ER - TY - WEB AU - American Institute of Architects KW - added by ERG M1 - June 12 PY - n.d. ST - Where We Stand: Climate Change TI - Where We Stand: Climate Change UR - https://www.aia.org/resources/77541-where-we-stand-climate-change VL - 2017 ID - 23171 ER - TY - RPRT AU - American Institute of Architects AU - National Institute of Building Sciences CY - Washington, DC KW - added by ERG PY - 2015 SP - 24 ST - Industry Statement on Resilience: Preparing to Thrive: The Building Industry Statement on Resilience TI - Industry Statement on Resilience: Preparing to Thrive: The Building Industry Statement on Resilience UR - http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/Docs/WHRS_SignatoryReport_final.pdf ID - 23042 ER - TY - RPRT AU - American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) CY - Washington, DC PB - American Society of Civil Engineers PY - 2017 SP - 110 ST - 2017 Infrastructure Report Card: A Comprehensive Assessment of America’s Infrastructure TI - 2017 Infrastructure Report Card: A Comprehensive Assessment of America’s Infrastructure UR - https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/ ID - 25600 ER - TY - WEB AU - Americans for the Arts CY - New York, NY PB - Americans for the Arts PY - 2017 ST - Arts and Economic Prosperity 5: Economic Impact of the Nonprofit Arts & Culture Industry TI - Arts and Economic Prosperity 5: Economic Impact of the Nonprofit Arts & Culture Industry UR - https://www.americansforthearts.org/by-program/reports-and-data/research-studies-publications/arts-economic-prosperity-5 ID - 23201 ER - TY - RPRT AU - America's Pledge CY - New York, NY PB - Bloomberg Philanthropies PY - 2017 SP - 123 ST - America's Pledge Phase 1 Report: States, Cities, and Businesses in the United States Are Stepping Up on Climate Action TI - America's Pledge Phase 1 Report: States, Cities, and Businesses in the United States Are Stepping Up on Climate Action UR - https://www.bbhub.io/dotorg/sites/28/2017/11/AmericasPledgePhaseOneReportWeb.pdf ID - 25212 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Amundson, J. L. AU - Mader, T. L. AU - Rasby, R. J. AU - Hu, Q. S. DO - 10.2527/jas.2005-611 IS - 12 LA - English PY - 2006 SP - 3415-3420 ST - Environmental effects on pregnancy rate in beef cattle T2 - Journal of Animal Science TI - Environmental effects on pregnancy rate in beef cattle VL - 84 ID - 23494 ER - TY - JOUR AU - An, Hyunjin AU - Gan, Jianbang AU - Cho, Sung DO - 10.3390/f6093197 IS - 9 PY - 2015 SN - 1999-4907 SP - 3197-3211 ST - Assessing climate change impacts on wildfire risk in the United States T2 - Forests TI - Assessing climate change impacts on wildfire risk in the United States VL - 6 ID - 25789 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Analitis, A. AU - Michelozzi, P. AU - D'Ippoliti, D. AU - de'Donato, F. AU - Menne, B. AU - Matthies, F. AU - Atkinson, R.W. AU - Iñiguez, C. AU - Basagaña, X. AU - Schneider, A. AU - Lefranc, A. AU - Paldy, A. AU - Bisanti, L. AU - Katsouyanni, K. DO - 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31828ac01b IS - 1 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2014 SP - 15-22 ST - Effects of heat waves on mortality: Effect modification and confounding by air pollutants T2 - Epidemiology TI - Effects of heat waves on mortality: Effect modification and confounding by air pollutants VL - 25 ID - 19126 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Anda, Robert F. AU - Brown, David W. PB - Washington State Family Policy Council PY - 2010 SP - 130 ST - Adverse Childhood Experiences & Population Health in Washington: The Face of a Chronic Public Health Disaster. Results from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) TI - Adverse Childhood Experiences & Population Health in Washington: The Face of a Chronic Public Health Disaster. Results from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) UR - http://www.wvlegislature.gov/senate1/majority/poverty/ACEsinWashington2009BRFSSFinalReport%20-%20Crittenton.pdf ID - 24693 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to drive increased tree mortality through drought, heat stress, and insect attacks, with manifold impacts on forest ecosystems. Yet, climate‐induced tree mortality and biotic disturbance agents are largely absent from process‐based ecosystem models. Using data sets from the western USA and associated studies, we present a framework for determining the relative contribution of drought stress, insect attack, and their interactions, which is critical for modeling mortality in future climates. We outline a simple approach that identifies the mechanisms associated with two guilds of insects – bark beetles and defoliators – which are responsible for substantial tree mortality. We then discuss cross‐biome patterns of insect‐driven tree mortality and draw upon available evidence contrasting the prevalence of insect outbreaks in temperate and tropical regions. We conclude with an overview of tools and promising avenues to address major challenges. Ultimately, a multitrophic approach that captures tree physiology, insect populations, and tree–insect interactions will better inform projections of forest ecosystem responses to climate change. AU - Anderegg, William R. L. AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. AU - Fisher, Rosie A. AU - Allen, Craig D. AU - Aukema, Juliann AU - Bentz, Barbara AU - Hood, Sharon AU - Lichstein, Jeremy W. AU - Macalady, Alison K. AU - McDowell, Nate AU - Pan, Yude AU - Raffa, Kenneth AU - Sala, Anna AU - Shaw, John D. AU - Stephenson, Nathan L. AU - Tague, Christina AU - Zeppel, Melanie DO - 10.1111/nph.13477 IS - 3 PY - 2015 SP - 674-683 ST - Tree mortality from drought, insects, and their interactions in a changing climate T2 - New Phytologist TI - Tree mortality from drought, insects, and their interactions in a changing climate VL - 208 ID - 25749 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The response of forest ecosystems to drought is increasingly important in the context of a warming climate. Anderegg et al. studied a tree-ring database of 1338 forest sites from around the globe. They found that forests exhibit a drought “legacy effect” with 3 to 4 years' reduced growth following drought. During this postdrought delay, forests will be less able to act as a sink for carbon. Incorporating forest legacy effects into Earth system models will provide more accurate predictions of the effects of drought on the global carbon cycle.Science, this issue p. 528The impacts of climate extremes on terrestrial ecosystems are poorly understood but important for predicting carbon cycle feedbacks to climate change. Coupled climate–carbon cycle models typically assume that vegetation recovery from extreme drought is immediate and complete, which conflicts with the understanding of basic plant physiology. We examined the recovery of stem growth in trees after severe drought at 1338 forest sites across the globe, comprising 49,339 site-years, and compared the results with simulated recovery in climate-vegetation models. We found pervasive and substantial “legacy effects” of reduced growth and incomplete recovery for 1 to 4 years after severe drought. Legacy effects were most prevalent in dry ecosystems, among Pinaceae, and among species with low hydraulic safety margins. In contrast, limited or no legacy effects after drought were simulated by current climate-vegetation models. Our results highlight hysteresis in ecosystem-level carbon cycling and delayed recovery from climate extremes.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/349/6247/528.full.pdf AU - Anderegg, W. R. L. AU - Schwalm, C. AU - Biondi, F. AU - Camarero, J. J. AU - Koch, G. AU - Litvak, M. AU - Ogle, K. AU - Shaw, J. D. AU - Shevliakova, E. AU - Williams, A. P. AU - Wolf, A. AU - Ziaco, E. AU - Pacala, S. DO - 10.1126/science.aab1833 IS - 6247 PY - 2015 SP - 528-532 ST - Pervasive drought legacies in forest ecosystems and their implications for carbon cycle models T2 - Science TI - Pervasive drought legacies in forest ecosystems and their implications for carbon cycle models VL - 349 ID - 19773 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Andersen, Mark C. AU - Adams, Heather AU - Hope, Bruce AU - Powell, Mark DO - 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00478.x IS - 4 KW - Invasive species risk assessment theoretical ecology PY - 2004 SN - 1539-6924 SP - 787-793 ST - Risk assessment for invasive species T2 - Risk Analysis TI - Risk assessment for invasive species VL - 24 ID - 23335 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Montane tropical rainforests are critically important areas for global bird diversity, but are projected to be highly vulnerable to contemporary climate change. Upslope shifts of lowland species may partially offset declines in upland species but also result in a process of lowland biotic attrition. This latter process is contingent on the absence of species adapted to novel warm climates, and isolation from pools of potential colonizers. In the Australian Wet Tropics, species distribution modelling has forecast critical declines in suitable environmental area for upland endemic birds, raising the question of the future role of both natural and assisted dispersal in species survival, but information is lacking for important neighbouring rainforest regions. Here we use expanded geographic coverage of data to model the realized distributions of 120 bird species found in north‐eastern Australian rainforest, including species from potential source locations in the north and recipient locations in the south. We reaffirm previous conclusions as to the high vulnerability of this fauna to global warming, and extend the list of species whose suitable environmental area is projected to decrease. However, we find that expansion of suitable area for some species currently restricted to northern rainforests has the potential to offset biotic attrition in lowland forest of the Australian Wet Tropics. By examining contrasting dispersal scenarios, we show that responses to climate change in this region may critically depend on dispersal limitation, as climate change shifts the suitable environmental envelopes of many species south into currently unsuitable habitats. For lowland and northern species, future change in vegetation connectivity across contemporary habitat barriers is likely to be an important mediator of climate change impacts. In contrast, upland species are projected to become increasingly isolated and restricted. Their survival is likely to be more dependent on the viability of assisted migration, and the emergence and persistence of suitable environments at recipient locations. AU - Anderson, Alex S. AU - Reside, April E. AU - VanDerWal, Jeremy J. AU - Shoo, Luke P. AU - Pearson, Richard G. AU - Williams, Stephen E. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02683.x IS - 7 PY - 2012 SP - 2126-2134 ST - Immigrants and refugees: The importance of dispersal in mediating biotic attrition under climate change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Immigrants and refugees: The importance of dispersal in mediating biotic attrition under climate change VL - 18 ID - 25748 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Anderson, Barbara AU - Anderson, Chris AU - Christensen, Dave AU - Inman, Rebecca AU - Marti, Jeff CY - Olympia, WA NV - Publication no. 16-11-0 01 PB - Washington State Department of Ecology PY - 2016 SP - 27 ST - 2015 Drought Response: Summary Report TI - 2015 Drought Response: Summary Report UR - https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1611001.html ID - 24808 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global-scale variations in the climate system over the last half of the twentieth century, including long-term increases in global-mean near-surface temperatures, are consistent with concurrent human-induced emissions of radiatively active gases and aerosols. However, such consistency does not preclude the possible influence of other forcing agents, including internal modes of climate variability or unaccounted for aerosol effects. To test whether other unknown forcing agents may have contributed to multidecadal increases in global-mean near-surface temperatures from 1950 to 2000, data pertaining to observed changes in global-scale sea surface temperatures and observed changes in radiatively active atmospheric constituents are incorporated into numerical global climate models. Results indicate that the radiative forcing needed to produce the observed long-term trends in sea surface temperatures—and global-mean near-surface temperatures—is provided predominantly by known changes in greenhouse gases and aerosols. Further, results indicate that less than 10% of the long-term historical increase in global-mean near-surface temperatures over the last half of the twentieth century could have been the result of internal climate variability. In addition, they indicate that less than 25% of the total radiative forcing needed to produce the observed long-term trend in global-mean near-surface temperatures could have been provided by changes in net radiative forcing from unknown sources (either positive or negative). These results, which are derived from simple energy balance requirements, emphasize the important role humans have played in modifying the global climate over the last half of the twentieth century. AU - Anderson, Bruce T. AU - Knight, Jeff R. AU - Ringer, Mark A. AU - Yoon, Jin-Ho AU - Cherchi, Annalisa DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-11-00645.1 IS - 20 KW - Anthropogenic effects,Climate change,Energy budget/balance,Forcing,General circulation models PY - 2012 SP - 7163-7172 ST - Testing for the possible influence of unknown climate forcings upon global temperature increases from 1950 to 2000 T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Testing for the possible influence of unknown climate forcings upon global temperature increases from 1950 to 2000 VL - 25 ID - 23314 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Anderson, Chris AU - Claman, David AU - Mantilla, Ricardo CY - Ames, IA PB - Iowa State University, Institute for Transportation PY - 2015 SN - HEPN-707 SP - 45 ST - Iowa’s Bridge and Highway Climate Change and Extreme Weather Vulnerability Assessment Pilot TI - Iowa’s Bridge and Highway Climate Change and Extreme Weather Vulnerability Assessment Pilot UR - http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/research/documents/research-reports/IA_climate_change_vulnerability_assess_w_cvr1.pdf ID - 26611 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, Clarissa R. AU - Kudela, Raphael M. AU - Kahru, Mati AU - Chao, Yi AU - Rosenfeld, Leslie K. AU - Bahr, Frederick L. AU - Anderson, David M. AU - Norris, Tenaya A. DA - 2016/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.hal.2016.08.006 KW - Domoic acid DINEOF Ocean color ROMS Ecological forecasting Ocean observing PY - 2016 SN - 1568-9883 SP - 1-18 ST - Initial skill assessment of the California Harmful Algae Risk Mapping (C-HARM) system T2 - Harmful Algae TI - Initial skill assessment of the California Harmful Algae Risk Mapping (C-HARM) system VL - 59 ID - 25483 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The impact of changing climate on terrestrial and underwater archaeological sites, historic buildings, and cultural landscapes can be examined through quantitatively-based analyses encompassing large data samples and broad geographic and temporal scales. The Digital Index of North American Archaeology (DINAA) is a multi-institutional collaboration that allows researchers online access to linked heritage data from multiple sources and data sets. The effects of sea-level rise and concomitant human population relocation is examined using a sample from nine states encompassing much of the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of the southeastern United States. A 1 m rise in sea-level will result in the loss of over >13,000 recorded historic and prehistoric archaeological sites, as well as over 1000 locations currently eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), encompassing archaeological sites, standing structures, and other cultural properties. These numbers increase substantially with each additional 1 m rise in sea level, with >32,000 archaeological sites and >2400 NRHP properties lost should a 5 m rise occur. Many more unrecorded archaeological and historic sites will also be lost as large areas of the landscape are flooded. The displacement of millions of people due to rising seas will cause additional impacts where these populations resettle. Sea level rise will thus result in the loss of much of the record of human habitation of the coastal margin in the Southeast within the next one to two centuries, and the numbers indicate the magnitude of the impact on the archaeological record globally. Construction of large linked data sets is essential to developing procedures for sampling, triage, and mitigation of these impacts. AU - Anderson, David G. AU - Bissett, Thaddeus G. AU - Yerka, Stephen J. AU - Wells, Joshua J. AU - Kansa, Eric C. AU - Kansa, Sarah W. AU - Myers, Kelsey Noack AU - DeMuth, R. Carl AU - White, Devin A. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0188142 IS - 11 PY - 2017 SP - e0188142 ST - Sea-level rise and archaeological site destruction: An example from the southeastern United States using DINAA (Digital Index of North American Archaeology) T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Sea-level rise and archaeological site destruction: An example from the southeastern United States using DINAA (Digital Index of North American Archaeology) VL - 12 ID - 26328 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, Dean M. AU - Estell, Rick E. AU - Gonzalez, Alfredo L. AU - Cibils, Andres F. AU - Torell, L. Allen DA - 2015/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.rala.2015.01.006 IS - 2 KW - livestock dry lands foraging Mexican cattle PY - 2015 SN - 0190-0528 SP - 62-67 ST - Criollo cattle: Heritage genetics for arid landscapes T2 - Rangelands TI - Criollo cattle: Heritage genetics for arid landscapes VL - 37 ID - 23711 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, Faye AU - Al-Thani, Najla DO - 10.4236/gep.2016.44015 PY - 2016 SP - 116-124 ST - Effect of sea level rise and groundwater withdrawal on seawater intrusion in the Gulf Coast aquifer: Implications for agriculture T2 - Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection TI - Effect of sea level rise and groundwater withdrawal on seawater intrusion in the Gulf Coast aquifer: Implications for agriculture VL - 4 ID - 23273 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, G.B. AU - Bell, M.L. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.1002313 IS - 2 PY - 2011 SP - 210-218 ST - Heat waves in the United States: Mortality risk during heat waves and effect modification by heat wave characteristics in 43 U.S. communities T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Heat waves in the United States: Mortality risk during heat waves and effect modification by heat wave characteristics in 43 U.S. communities VL - 119 ID - 12478 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, G.B. AU - Bell, M.L. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1097/EDE.0b013e318245c61c IS - 2 PY - 2012 SN - 1044-3983 SP - 189-193 ST - Lights out: Impact of the August 2003 power outage on mortality in New York, NY T2 - Epidemiology TI - Lights out: Impact of the August 2003 power outage on mortality in New York, NY VL - 23 ID - 12479 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Some rare heatwaves have extreme daily mortality impacts; moderate heatwaves have lower daily impacts but occur much more frequently at present and so account for large aggregated impacts. We applied health-based models to project trends in high-mortality heatwaves, including proportion of all heatwaves expected to be high-mortality, using the definition that a high-mortality heatwave increases mortality risk by ≥20 %. We projected these trends in 82 US communities in 2061–2080 under two scenarios of climate change (RCP4.5, RCP8.5), two scenarios of population change (SSP3, SSP5), and three scenarios of community adaptation to heat (none, lagged, on-pace) for large- and medium-ensemble versions of the National Center for Atmospheric Research’s Community Earth System Model. More high-mortality heatwaves were expected compared to present under all scenarios except on-pace adaptation, and population exposure was expected to increase under all scenarios. At least seven more high-mortality heatwaves were expected in a twenty-year period in the 82 study communities under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5 when assuming no adaptation. However, high-mortality heatwaves were expected to remain <1 % of all heatwaves and heatwave exposure under all scenarios. Projections were most strongly influenced by the adaptation scenario—going from a scenario of on-pace to lagged adaptation or from lagged to no adaptation more than doubled the projected number of and exposure to high-mortality heatwaves. Based on our results, fewer high-mortality heatwaves are expected when following RCP4.5 versus RCP8.5 and under higher levels of adaptation, but high-mortality heatwaves are expected to remain a very small proportion of total heatwave exposure. AU - Anderson, G. Brooke AU - Oleson, Keith W. AU - Jones, Bryan AU - Peng, Roger D. DA - August 30 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1779-x IS - 3-4 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 455-470 ST - Projected trends in high-mortality heatwaves under different scenarios of climate, population, and adaptation in 82 US communities T2 - Climatic Change TI - Projected trends in high-mortality heatwaves under different scenarios of climate, population, and adaptation in 82 US communities VL - 146 ID - 24145 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heatwaves are divided between moderate, more common heatwaves and rare “high-mortality” heatwaves that have extremely large health effects per day, which we define as heatwaves with a 20 % or higher increase in mortality risk. Better projections of the expected frequency of and exposure to these separate types of heatwaves could help communities optimize heat mitigation and response plans and gauge the potential benefits of limiting climate change. Whether a heatwave is high-mortality or moderate could depend on multiple heatwave characteristics, including intensity, length, and timing. We created heatwave classification models using a heatwave training dataset created using recent (1987–2005) health and weather data from 82 large US urban communities. We built twenty potential classification models and used Monte Carlo cross-validations to evaluate these models. We ultimately identified several models that can adequately classify high-mortality heatwaves. These models can be used to project future trends in high-mortality heatwaves under different scenarios of a changing future (e.g., climate change, population change). Further, these models are novel in the way they allow exploration of different scenarios of adaptation to heat, as they include, as predictive variables, heatwave characteristics that are measured relative to a community’s temperature distribution, allowing different adaptation scenarios to be explored by selecting alternative community temperature distributions. The three selected models have been placed on GitHub for use by other researchers, and we use them in a companion paper to project trends in high-mortality heatwaves under different climate, population, and adaptation scenarios. AU - Anderson, G. Brooke AU - Oleson, Keith W. AU - Jones, Bryan AU - Peng, Roger D. DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1776-0 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 439-453 ST - Classifying heatwaves: Developing health-based models to predict high-mortality versus moderate United States heatwaves T2 - Climatic Change TI - Classifying heatwaves: Developing health-based models to predict high-mortality versus moderate United States heatwaves VL - 146 ID - 25579 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Anderson, Henry AU - Brown, Claudia AU - Cameron, Lorraine L. AU - Christenson, Megan AU - Conlon, Kathryn C. AU - Dorevitch, Samuel AU - Dumas, Justin AU - Eidson, Millicent AU - Ferguson, Aaron AU - Grossman, Elena AU - Hanson, Angelina AU - Hess, Jeremy J. AU - Hoppe, Brenda AU - Horton, Jane AU - Jagger, Meredith AU - Krueger, Stephanie AU - Largo, Thomas W. AU - Losurdo, Giovanna M. AU - Mack, Stephanie R. AU - Moran, Colleen AU - Mutnansky, Cassidy AU - Raab, Kristin AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Schramm, Paul J. AU - Shipp-Hilts, Asante AU - Smith, Sara J. AU - Thelen, Margaret AU - Thie, Lauren AU - Walker, Robert CY - Atlanta, GA NV - Climate and Health Technical Report Series PB - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Climate and Health Program PY - 2017 SP - 92 ST - Climate and Health Intervention Assessment: Evidence on Public Health Interventions to Prevent the Negative Health Effects of Climate Change TI - Climate and Health Intervention Assessment: Evidence on Public Health Interventions to Prevent the Negative Health Effects of Climate Change UR - https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/docs/ClimateAndHealthInterventionAssessment_508.pdf ID - 24146 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, Ian AU - Rizzo, Donna M. AU - Huston, Dryver R. AU - Dewoolkar, Mandar M. DA - 2017/11/02 DO - 10.1080/15732479.2017.1285329 IS - 11 PY - 2017 SN - 1573-2479 SP - 1437-1450 ST - Analysis of bridge and stream conditions of over 300 Vermont bridges damaged in Tropical Storm Irene T2 - Structure and Infrastructure Engineering TI - Analysis of bridge and stream conditions of over 300 Vermont bridges damaged in Tropical Storm Irene VL - 13 ID - 26051 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Local extirpations of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss, often due to dams and other stream barriers, are common throughout the western United States. Reestablishing salmonid populations in areas they historically occupied has substantial potential to assist conservation efforts, but best practices for reintroduction are not well established. In this paper, we present a framework for planning reintroductions designed to promote the recovery of salmonids listed under the Endangered Species Act. Before implementing a plan, managers should first describe the benefits, risks, and constraints of a proposed reintroduction. We define benefits as specific biological improvements towards recovery objectives. Risks are the potential negative outcomes of reintroductions that could worsen conservation status rather than improve it. Constraints are biological factors that will determine whether the reintroduction successfully establishes a self‐sustaining population. We provide guidance for selecting a recolonization strategy (natural colonization, transplanting, or hatchery releases), a source population, and a method for providing passage that will maximize the probability of conservation benefit while minimizing risks. Monitoring is necessary to determine whether the reintroduction successfully achieved the benefits and to evaluate the impacts on nontarget species or populations. Many of the benefits, especially diversity and the evolution of locally adapted population segments, are likely to accrue over decadal time scales. Thus, we view reintroduction as a long‐term approach to enhancing viability. Finally, our review of published salmonid reintroduction case studies suggests that large uncertainties remain in the success of reintroduction in establishing self‐sustaining populations, particularly for programs employing active methods. Received September 10, 2012; accepted August 30, 2013 Published online January 30, 2014 AU - Anderson, Joseph H. AU - Pess, George R. AU - Carmichael, Richard W. AU - Ford, Michael J. AU - Cooney, Thomas D. AU - Baldwin, Casey M. AU - McClure, Michelle M. DO - 10.1080/02755947.2013.847875 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SP - 72-93 ST - Planning Pacific salmon and steelhead reintroductions aimed at long‐term viability and recovery T2 - North American Journal of Fisheries Management TI - Planning Pacific salmon and steelhead reintroductions aimed at long‐term viability and recovery VL - 34 ID - 25747 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Anderson, Mark G. AU - Clark, Melissa AU - McRae, Brad H. CY - Boston, MA PB - The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Conservation Science PY - 2015 SP - 64 ST - Permeable Landscapes for Climate Change TI - Permeable Landscapes for Climate Change UR - https://northatlanticlcc.org/projects/permeable-landscapes/permeable-landscapes-for-climate-change-march-2015-version/index_html ID - 25754 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Anderson, Mark G. AU - Clark, Melissa AU - Sheldon, Arlene Olivero CY - Boston, MA PB - The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Conservation Science PY - 2012 SP - 197 ST - Resilient Sites for Terrestrial Conservation in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Region TI - Resilient Sites for Terrestrial Conservation in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Region UR - https://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationByGeography/NorthAmerica/wholesystems/centralapps/Documents/ResilientSitesfor_TerrestrialConservation.pdf ID - 25746 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, Pamela K. AU - Cunningham, Andrew A. AU - Patel, Nikkita G. AU - Morales, Francisco J. AU - Epstein, Paul R. AU - Daszak, Peter DA - 2004/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.tree.2004.07.021 IS - 10 PY - 2004 SN - 0169-5347 SP - 535-544 ST - Emerging infectious diseases of plants: Pathogen pollution, climate change and agrotechnology drivers T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution TI - Emerging infectious diseases of plants: Pathogen pollution, climate change and agrotechnology drivers VL - 19 ID - 21148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, Ray G. AU - Canadell, Josep G. AU - Randerson, James T. AU - Jackson, Robert B. AU - Hungate, Bruce A. AU - Baldocchi, Dennis D. AU - Ban-Weiss, George A. AU - Bonan, Gordon B. AU - Caldeira, Ken AU - Cao, Long AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S. AU - Gurney, Kevin R. AU - Kueppers, Lara M. AU - Law, Beverly E. AU - Luyssaert, Sebastiaan AU - O'Halloran, Thomas L. DO - 10.1890/090179 IS - 3 PY - 2011 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 174-182 ST - Biophysical considerations in forestry for climate protection T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Biophysical considerations in forestry for climate protection VL - 9 ID - 19774 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Individuals who rely on natural resources for their livelihoods, such as fishers, farmers, and forestry workers, face high levels of income variability. For fishers, catching multiple species has been shown to reduce revenue variability at large scales (vessels and communities), but the individual-level consequences of maintaining catch diversity are unknown. Our work demonstrates that individuals in fisheries targeting a diversity of species and individuals who participate in multiple fisheries buffer income variability compared with less diverse individuals. However, large adjustments in diversification strategies from year to year are risky and usually increase revenue variability. The most effective option to reduce revenue variability via diversification—purchasing additional permits—is also expensive, often limited by regulations, and therefore unavailable to many.Individuals relying on natural resource extraction for their livelihood face high income variability driven by a mix of environmental, biological, management, and economic factors. Key to managing these industries is identifying how regulatory actions and individual behavior affect income variability, financial risk, and, by extension, the economic stability and the sustainable use of natural resources. In commercial fisheries, communities and vessels fishing a greater diversity of species have less revenue variability than those fishing fewer species. However, it is unclear whether these benefits extend to the actions of individual fishers and how year-to-year changes in diversification affect revenue and revenue variability. Here, we evaluate two axes by which fishers in Alaska can diversify fishing activities. We show that, despite increasing specialization over the last 30 years, fishing a set of permits with higher species diversity reduces individual revenue variability, and fishing an additional permit is associated with higher revenue and lower variability. However, increasing species diversity within the constraints of existing permits has a fishery-dependent effect on revenue and is usually (87% probability) associated with increased revenue uncertainty the following year. Our results demonstrate that the most effective option for individuals to decrease revenue variability is to participate in additional or more diverse fisheries. However, this option is expensive, often limited by regulations such as catch share programs, and consequently unavailable to many individuals. With increasing climatic variability, it will be particularly important that individuals relying on natural resources for their livelihood have effective strategies to reduce financial risk. AU - Anderson, Sean C. AU - Ward, Eric J. AU - Shelton, Andrew O. AU - Adkison, Milo D. AU - Beaudreau, Anne H. AU - Brenner, Richard E. AU - Haynie, Alan C. AU - Shriver, Jennifer C. AU - Watson, Jordan T. AU - Williams, Benjamin C. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1702506114 IS - 40 PY - 2017 SP - 10797-10802 ST - Benefits and risks of diversification for individual fishers T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Benefits and risks of diversification for individual fishers VL - 114 ID - 25484 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Anderson, Thor AU - Beck, Charles AU - Gade, Kris AU - Olmsted, Steven CY - Phoenix, AZ PB - Arizona Department of Transportation PY - 2015 SP - various ST - Extreme Weather Vulnerability Assessment TI - Extreme Weather Vulnerability Assessment UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/pilots/2013-2015_pilots/arizona/arizonafinal.pdf ID - 24607 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Anderson, T.L. AU - Anderson, Terry L. AU - Leonard, Bryan C4 - de02ab2c-bae5-4397-a74d-d6a70d53c646 CY - Lanham, MD PB - Lexington Books PY - 2016 SN - 9781498525671 9781498525695 9781498525688 SP - 3-17 ST - Institutions and the wealth of Indian nations T2 - Unlocking the Wealth of Indian Nations TI - Institutions and the wealth of Indian nations ID - 25340 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Anderson, T.L. AU - Anderson, Terry L. AU - Leonard, Bryan AU - Parker, Dominic P. AU - Regan, Shawn C4 - 9676f466-3bfc-4055-bfbd-4f1ef2a00441 CY - Lanham, MD PB - Lexington Books PY - 2016 SN - 9781498525671 9781498525695 9781498525688 SP - 18-37 ST - Natural resources on American Indian Reservations: blessing or curse? T2 - Unlocking the Wealth of Indian Nations TI - Natural resources on American Indian Reservations: blessing or curse? ID - 25339 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Biofuels and bio-based products can be produced from a wide variety of herbaceous feedstocks. To supply enough biomass to meet the needs of a new bio-based economy, a suite of dedicated biomass species must be developed to accommodate a range of growing environments throughout the USA. Researchers from the US Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and collaborators associated with the USDA Regional Biomass Research Centers have made major progress in understanding the genetics of switchgrass, sorghum, and other grass species and have begun to use this knowledge to develop new cultivars with high yields and appropriate traits for efficient conversion to bio-based products. Plant geneticists and breeders have discovered genes that reduce recalcitrance for biochemical conversion to ethanol and drop-in fuels. Progress has also been made in finding genes that improve production under biotic and abiotic stress from diseases, pests, and climatic variations. AU - Anderson, W. F. AU - Sarath, G. AU - Edme, S. AU - Casler, M. D. AU - Mitchell, R. B. AU - Tobias, C. M. AU - Hale, A. L. AU - Sattler, S. E. AU - Knoll, J. E. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s12155-015-9709-8 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1939-1242 SP - 399-411 ST - Dedicated herbaceous biomass feedstock genetics and development T2 - BioEnergy Research TI - Dedicated herbaceous biomass feedstock genetics and development VL - 9 ID - 25580 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The persistence of carbonate structures on coral reefs is essential in providing habitats for a large number of species and maintaining the extraordinary biodiversity associated with these ecosystems. As a consequence of ocean acidification (OA), the ability of marine calcifiers to produce calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and their rate of CaCO3 production could decrease while rates of bioerosion and CaCO3 dissolution could increase, resulting in a transition from a condition of net accretion to one of net erosion. This would have negative consequences for the role and function of coral reefs and the eco-services they provide to dependent human communities. In this article, we review estimates of bioerosion, CaCO3 dissolution, and net ecosystem calcification (NEC) and how these processes will change in response to OA. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the observed relationships between NEC and seawater aragonite saturation state (Ωa). Finally, we propose that standardized NEC rates combined with observed changes in the ratios of dissolved inorganic carbon to total alkalinity owing to net reef metabolism may provide a biogeochemical tool to monitor the effects of OA in coral reef environments. AU - Andersson, Andreas J. AU - Gledhill, Dwight DO - 10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172241 IS - 1 KW - CO2,CaCO3,aragonite,Mg calcite,calcification PY - 2013 SP - 321-348 ST - Ocean acidification and coral reefs: Effects on breakdown, dissolution, and net ecosystem calcification T2 - Annual Review of Marine Science TI - Ocean acidification and coral reefs: Effects on breakdown, dissolution, and net ecosystem calcification VL - 5 ID - 25071 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Andresen, Jeff AU - Hilberg, Steve AU - Kunkel, Ken CY - Ann Arbor, MI PB - Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessments (GLISA) Center PY - 2012 SP - 18 ST - Historical Climate and Climate Trends in the Midwestern USA. U.S. National Climate Assessment Midwest Technical Input Report TI - Historical Climate and Climate Trends in the Midwestern USA. U.S. National Climate Assessment Midwest Technical Input Report UR - http://glisa.umich.edu/media/files/NCA/MTIT_Historical.pdf ID - 21250 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anenberg, Susan C. AU - Miller, Joshua AU - Minjares, Ray AU - Du, Li AU - Henze, Daven K. AU - Lacey, Forrest AU - Malley, Christopher S. AU - Emberson, Lisa AU - Franco, Vicente AU - Klimont, Zbigniew AU - Heyes, Chris DA - 05/15/online DO - 10.1038/nature22086 PY - 2017 SP - 467-471 ST - Impacts and mitigation of excess diesel-related NOx emissions in 11 major vehicle markets T2 - Nature TI - Impacts and mitigation of excess diesel-related NOx emissions in 11 major vehicle markets VL - 545 ID - 24277 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anenberg, Susan C. AU - Weinberger, Kate R. AU - Roman, Henry AU - Neumann, James E. AU - Crimmins, Allison AU - Fann, Neal AU - Martinich, Jeremy AU - Kinney, Patrick L. DO - 10.1002/2017GH000055 IS - 3 KW - climate change aeroallergens asthma 1630 Impacts of global change 6304 Benefit-cost analysis 9350 North America PY - 2017 SN - 2471-1403 SP - 80-92 ST - Impacts of oak pollen on allergic asthma in the United States and potential influence of future climate change T2 - GeoHealth TI - Impacts of oak pollen on allergic asthma in the United States and potential influence of future climate change VL - 1 ID - 24278 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Añez, Germán AU - Rios, Maria C7 - 678645 DO - 10.1155/2013/678645 PY - 2013 SP - 678645 ST - Dengue in the United States of America: A worsening scenario? T2 - BioMed Research International TI - Dengue in the United States of America: A worsening scenario? VL - 2013 ID - 22092 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Angel, J. AU - Swanson, C. AU - Boustead, B.M. AU - Conlon, K.C. AU - Hall, K.R. AU - Jorns, J.L. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - Lemos, M.C. AU - Lofgren, B. AU - Ontl, T.A. AU - Posey, J. AU - Stone, K. AU - Takle, G. AU - Todey, D. C4 - 89e2fd81-8547-433f-99f4-ac5dc6fddb24 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH21 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 21 SP - xxx ST - Midwest T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Midwest ID - 26655 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The annual “State of the Climate” report, published in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS), has included a supplement since 2011 composed of brief analyses of the human influence on recent major extreme weather events. There are now several dozen extreme weather events examined in these supplements, but these studies have all differed in their data sources as well as their approaches to defining the events, analysing the events, and the consideration of the role of anthropogenic emissions. Here we re-examine most of these events using a single analytical approach and a single set of climate model and observational data sources. In response to recent studies recommending the importance of using multiple methods for extreme weather event attribution, we compare results from our analyses to those reported in the BAMS supplements collectively, with the aim of characterising the degree to which the lack of a common methodological framework may or may not influence overall conclusions. Results are broadly similar to those reported earlier for extreme temperature events, but disagree for a number of extreme precipitation events. Based on this, we advise that the lack of comprehensive uncertainty analysis in recent extreme weather attribution studies is important and should be considered when interpreting results, but as yet it has not introduced a systematic bias across these studies. AU - Angélil, Oliver AU - Stone, Dáithí AU - Wehner, Michael AU - Paciorek, Christopher J. AU - Krishnan, Harinarayan AU - Collins, William DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0077.1 PY - 2017 SP - 5-16 ST - An independent assessment of anthropogenic attribution statements for recent extreme temperature and rainfall events T2 - Journal of Climate TI - An independent assessment of anthropogenic attribution statements for recent extreme temperature and rainfall events VL - 30 ID - 19539 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A growing number of cities are preparing for climate change impacts by developing adaptation plans. However, little is known about how these plans and their implementation affect the vulnerability of the urban poor. We critically assess initiatives in eight cities worldwide and find that land use planning for climate adaptation can exacerbate socio-spatial inequalities across diverse developmental and environmental conditions. We argue that urban adaptation injustices fall into two categories: acts of commission, when interventions negatively affect or displace poor communities, and acts of omission, when they protect and prioritize elite groups at the expense of the urban poor. AU - Anguelovski, Isabelle AU - Shi, Linda AU - Chu, Eric AU - Gallagher, Daniel AU - Goh, Kian AU - Lamb, Zachary AU - Reeve, Kara AU - Teicher, Hannah DA - September 1, 2016 DO - 10.1177/0739456x16645166 IS - 3 KW - climate change urban Adaptation climate justice Vulnerability PY - 2016 SP - 333-348 ST - Equity impacts of urban land use planning for climate adaptation: Critical perspectives from the global north and south T2 - Journal of Planning Education and Research TI - Equity impacts of urban land use planning for climate adaptation: Critical perspectives from the global north and south VL - 36 ID - 22691 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There are limited examples of efforts to systematically monitor and track climate change adaptation progress in the context of natural resource management, despite substantial investments in adaptation initiatives. To better understand the status of adaptation within state natural resource agencies, we utilized and problematized a rational decision-making framework to characterize adaptation at the level of public land managers in the Upper Midwest. We conducted in-depth interviews with 29 biologists and foresters to provide an understanding of managers’ experiences with, and perceptions of, climate change impacts, efforts towards planning for climate change, and a full range of actions implemented to address climate change. While the majority of managers identified climate change impacts affecting their region, they expressed significant uncertainty in interpreting those signals. Just under half of managers indicated planning efforts are underway, although most planning is remote from local management. Actions already implemented include both forward-looking measures and those aimed at coping with current impacts. In addition, cross-scale dynamics emerged as an important theme related to the overall adaptation process. The results hold implications for tracking future progress on climate change adaptation. Common definitions or measures of adaptation (e.g., presence of planning documents) may need to be reassessed for applicability at the level of public land managers. AU - Anhalt-Depies, Christine M. AU - Knoot, Tricia Gorby AU - Rissman, Adena R. AU - Sharp, Anthony K. AU - Martin, Karl J. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s00267-016-0673-7 IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1432-1009 SP - 987-997 ST - Understanding climate adaptation on public lands in the Upper Midwest: Implications for monitoring and tracking progress T2 - Environmental Management TI - Understanding climate adaptation on public lands in the Upper Midwest: Implications for monitoring and tracking progress VL - 57 ID - 21112 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Parry, M.L. A2 - Canziani, O.F. A2 - Palutikof, J.P. A2 - van der Linden, P.J. A2 - Hanson, C.E. AU - Anisimov, O.A. AU - Vaughan, D.G. AU - Callaghan, T.V. AU - Furgal, C. AU - Marchant, H. AU - Prowse, T.D. AU - Vilhjálmsson, H. AU - Walsh, J.E. C4 - 0219be15-0f2c-4907-881a-791bdd20ca6e CY - Cambridge, UK and New York, New York, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2007 SN - 978 0521 88010-7 SP - 653-685 ST - Polar regions (Arctic and Antarctic) T2 - Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Polar regions (Arctic and Antarctic) ID - 12489 ER - TY - WEB AU - ANTHC-Climate and Health CY - Anchorage, AK PB - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortuim (ANTHC) PY - 2018 ST - Center for Climate & Heatlh TI - Center for Climate & Heatlh UR - https://anthc.org/what-we-do/community-environment-and-health/center-for-climate-and-health/ ID - 25837 ER - TY - WEB AU - ANTHC-Food Security CY - Anchorage, AK M1 - August, 2017 PB - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC) PY - 2017 ST - Food Security TI - Food Security UR - https://anthc.org/what-we-do/community-environment-and-health/climate-change-food-security/ ID - 22161 ER - TY - WEB AU - ANTHC-LEO CY - Anchorage, AK M1 - August, 2017 PB - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC) PY - 2017 ST - Local Environmental Observer (LEO) Network TI - Local Environmental Observer (LEO) Network UR - http://www.leonetwork.org ID - 22162 ER - TY - WEB AU - ANTHC-Newsletters CY - Anchorage, AK PB - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortuim (ANTHC) PY - 2018 ST - Newsletters: Northern Climate Observer TI - Newsletters: Northern Climate Observer UR - https://www.leonetwork.org/en/newsletters ID - 26549 ER - TY - WEB AU - ANTHC-One Health Group CY - Anchorage, AK M1 - August, 2017 PB - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC) PY - 2017 ST - One Health Group TI - One Health Group UR - https://www.leonetwork.org/en/leo/hubpage/ALASKA?show=one-health-group ID - 22163 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Using the FUND model, an impact assessment is conducted over the 21st century for rises in sea level of up to 2-m/century and a range of socio-economic scenarios downscaled to the national level, including the four SRES (IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) storylines. Unlike a traditional impact assessment, this analysis considers impacts after balancing the costs of retreat with the costs of protection, including the effects of coastal squeeze. While the costs of sea-level rise increase with greater rise due to growing damage and protection costs, the model suggests that an optimum response in a benefit-cost sense remains widespread protection of developed coastal areas, as identified in earlier analyses. The socio-economic scenarios are also important in terms of influencing these costs. In terms of the four components of costs considered in FUND, protection dominates, with substantial costs from wetland loss under some scenarios. The regional distribution of costs shows that a few regions experience most of the costs, especially East Asia, North America, Europe and South Asia. Importantly, this analysis suggests that protection is much more likely and rational than is widely assumed, even with a large rise in sea level. This is underpinned by the strong economic growth in all the SRES scenarios: without this growth, the benefits of protection are significantly reduced. It should also be noted that some important limitations to the analysis are discussed, which collectively suggest that protection may not be as widespread as suggested in the FUND results. AU - Anthoff, David AU - Nicholls, Robert J. AU - Tol, Richard S. J. DA - 2010/04/01/ DO - 10.1007/s11027-010-9220-7 DP - link.springer.com IS - 4 LA - en PY - 2010 SN - 1381-2386, 1573-1596 SP - 321-335 ST - The economic impact of substantial sea-level rise T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - The economic impact of substantial sea-level rise VL - 15 Y2 - 2017/09/26/01:14:36 ID - 22378 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anthony, Kenneth R. N. AU - Maynard, Jeffrey A. AU - Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo AU - Mumby, Peter J. AU - Marshall, Paul A. AU - Cao, Long AU - Hoegh-Guldberg, O. V. E. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02364.x IS - 5 KW - climate change coral reefs herbivory ocean acidification resilience PY - 2011 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1798-1808 ST - Ocean acidification and warming will lower coral reef resilience T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Ocean acidification and warming will lower coral reef resilience VL - 17 ID - 24289 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are soil-surface communities in drylands, dominated by cyanobacteria, mosses, and lichens. They provide key ecosystem functions by increasing soil stability and influencing soil hydrologic, nutrient, and carbon cycles. Because of this, methods to reestablish biocrusts in damaged drylands are needed. Here we test the reintroduction of field-collected vs. greenhouse-cultured biocrusts for rehabilitation. AU - Antoninka, Anita AU - Bowker, Matthew A. AU - Chuckran, Peter AU - Barger, Nichole N. AU - Reed, Sasha AU - Belnap, Jayne DA - August 01 DO - 10.1007/s11104-017-3300-3 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-5036 SP - 213-225 ST - Maximizing establishment and survivorship of field-collected and greenhouse-cultivated biocrusts in a semi-cold desert T2 - Plant and Soil TI - Maximizing establishment and survivorship of field-collected and greenhouse-cultivated biocrusts in a semi-cold desert VL - 429 ID - 25957 ER - TY - WEB AU - AOOS CY - Anchorage, AK M1 - August, 2017 PB - Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS) PY - 2017 ST - Harmful Algal Bloom Information System for Kachemak Bay, Alaska TI - Harmful Algal Bloom Information System for Kachemak Bay, Alaska UR - http://www.aoos.org/k-bay-hab/ ID - 22164 ER - TY - PRESS AU - APA Council of Representatives CY - Washington, DC PB - American Psychological Association (APA) PY - n.d. ST - Resolution on Affirming Psychologists’ Role in Addressing Global Climate Change TI - Resolution on Affirming Psychologists’ Role in Addressing Global Climate Change UR - http://www.apa.org/about/policy/climate-change.aspx ID - 23206 ER - TY - RPRT AU - APEGBC CY - Burnaby, BC NV - APEGBC Professional Practice Guidelines V1.0 PB - Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia PY - 2016 SP - 100 ST - Developing Climate Change–Resilient Designs for Highway Infrastructure in British Columbia TI - Developing Climate Change–Resilient Designs for Highway Infrastructure in British Columbia UR - https://www.egbc.ca/getmedia/1ac17fe9-8eaf-41d3-b095-afac3953b8f3/2017_MoTI-guidelines-06F-web_1.pdf.aspx ID - 25651 ER - TY - THES A3 - Kingston, Richard AU - Aponte-Gonzalez, Felix CY - Manchester, UK PB - University of Manchester PY - 2014 SP - 372 ST - Concerning Caribbean Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation in Small Island Cities T2 - Planning and Environmental Management TI - Concerning Caribbean Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation in Small Island Cities UR - https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/concerning-caribbean-climate-change-vulnerabilities-and-adaptation-in-small-island-cities(f9bc2ea2-8fc7-4d91-8577-87fa88b8db12).html VL - Ph.D. ID - 25072 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changes in atmosphere and temperature are affecting multiple environmental indicators from extreme heat events to global air quality. Workers will be uniquely affected by climate change, and the occupational impacts of major shifts in atmospheric and weather conditions need greater attention. Climate change-related exposures most likely to differentially affect workers in the USA and globally include heat, ozone, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, other chemicals, pathogenic microorganisms, vector-borne diseases, violence, and wildfires. Epidemiologic evidence documents a U-, J-, or V-shaped relationship between temperature and mortality. Whereas heat-related morbidity and mortality risks are most evident in agriculture, many other outdoor occupational sectors are also at risk, including construction, transportation, landscaping, firefighting, and other emergency response operations. The toxicity of chemicals change under hyperthermic conditions, particularly for pesticides and ozone. Combined with climate-related changes in chemical transport and distribution, these interactions represent unique health risks specifically to workers. Links between heat and interpersonal conflict including violence require attention because they pose threats to the safety of emergency medicine, peacekeeping and humanitarian relief, and public safety professionals. Recommendations for anticipating how US workers will be most susceptible to climate change include formal monitoring systems for agricultural workers; modeling scenarios focusing on occupational impacts of extreme climate events including floods, wildfires, and chemical spills; and national research agenda setting focusing on control and mitigation of occupational susceptibility to climate change. AU - Applebaum, Katie M. AU - Graham, Jay AU - Gray, George M. AU - LaPuma, Peter AU - McCormick, Sabrina A. AU - Northcross, Amanda AU - Perry, Melissa J. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s40572-016-0081-4 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 2196-5412 SP - 13-22 ST - An overview of occupational risks from climate change T2 - Current Environmental Health Reports TI - An overview of occupational risks from climate change VL - 3 ID - 26171 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Araya, A. AU - Kisekka, I. AU - Lin, X. AU - Vara Prasad, P. V. AU - Gowda, P. H. AU - Rice, C. AU - Andales, A. DA - 2017/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2017.08.001 KW - Maize Irrigation RCP GCM DSSAT-CSM Climate change PY - 2017 SN - 2212-0963 SP - 139-154 ST - Evaluating the impact of future climate change on irrigated maize production in Kansas T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - Evaluating the impact of future climate change on irrigated maize production in Kansas VL - 17 ID - 23496 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Development of extension and outreach that effectively engage farmers in climate change adaptation and/or mitigation activities can be informed by an improved understanding of farmers' perspectives on climate change and related impacts. This research employed latent class analysis (LCA) to analyze data from a survey of 4,778 farmers from 11 US Corn Belt states. The research focused on two related research questions: (1) to what degree do farmers differ on key measures of beliefs about climate change, experience with extreme weather, perceived risks to agriculture, efficacy, and level of support for public and private adaptive and mitigative action; and (2) are there potential areas of common ground among farmers? Results indicate that farmers have highly heterogeneous perspectives, and six distinct classes of farmers are identified. We label these as the following: the concerned (14%), the uneasy (25%), the uncertain (25%), the unconcerned (13%), the confident (18%), and the detached (5%). These groups of farmers differ primarily in terms of beliefs about climate change, the degree to which they had experienced extreme weather, and risk perceptions. Despite substantial differences on these variables, areas of similarity were discerned on variables measuring farmers' (1) confidence that they will be able to deal with increases in weather variability and (2) support for public and private efforts to help farmers adapt to increased weather variability. These results can inform segmented approaches to outreach that target subpopulations of farmers as well as broader engagement strategies that would reach wider populations. Further, findings suggest that strategies with specific reference to climate change might be most effective in engaging the subpopulations of farmers who believe that climate change is occurring and a threat, but that use of less charged terms such as weather variability would likely be more effective with a broader range of farmers. Outreach efforts that (1) appeal to farmers' problem solving capacity and (2) employ terms such as “weather variability” instead of more charged terms such as “climate change” are more likely to be effective with a wider farmer audience. AU - Arbuckle, J.G. AU - Hobbs, J. AU - Loy, A. AU - Morton, L.W. AU - Prokopy, L.S. AU - Tyndall, J. DA - November 1, 2014 DO - 10.2489/jswc.69.6.505 IS - 6 PY - 2014 SP - 505-516 ST - Understanding Corn Belt farmer perspectives on climate change to inform engagement strategies for adaptation and mitigation T2 - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation TI - Understanding Corn Belt farmer perspectives on climate change to inform engagement strategies for adaptation and mitigation VL - 69 ID - 26552 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the context of a warming climate and increasing urbanisation (with the associated urban heat island effect), interest in understanding temperature related health effects is growing. Previous reviews have examined how the temperature-mortality relationship varies by geographical location. There have been no reviews examining the empirical evidence for changes in population susceptibility to the effects of heat and/or cold over time. The objective of this paper is to review studies which have specifically examined variations in temperature related mortality risks over the 20th and 21st centuries and determine whether population adaptation to heat and/or cold has occurred. Methods: We searched five electronic databases combining search terms for three main concepts: temperature, health outcomes and changes in vulnerability or adaptation. Studies included were those which quantified the risk of heat related mortality with changing ambient temperature in a specific location over time, or those which compared mortality outcomes between two different extreme temperature events (heatwaves) in one location. Results: The electronic searches returned 9183 titles and abstracts, of which eleven studies examining the effects of ambient temperature over time were included and six studies comparing the effect of different heatwaves at discrete time points were included. Of the eleven papers that quantified the risk of, or absolute heat related mortality over time, ten found a decrease in susceptibility over time of which five found the decrease to be significant. The magnitude of the decrease varied by location. Only two studies attempted to quantitatively attribute changes in susceptibility to specific adaptive measures and found no significant association between the risk of heat related mortality and air conditioning prevalence within or between cities over time. Four of the six papers examining effects of heatwaves found a decrease in expected mortality in later years. Five studies examined the risk of cold. In contrast to the changes in heat related mortality observed, only one found a significant decrease in cold related mortality in later time periods. Conclusions: There is evidence that across a number of different settings, population susceptibility to heat and heatwaves has been decreasing. These changes in heat related susceptibility have important implications for health impact assessments of future heat related risk. A similar decrease in cold related mortality was not shown. Adaptation to heat has implications for future planning, particularly in urban areas, with anticipated increases in temperature due to climate change. AU - Arbuthnott, Katherine AU - Hajat, Shakoor AU - Heaviside, Clare AU - Vardoulakis, Sotiris C7 - 33 DA - Mar DO - 10.1186/s12940-016-0102-7 IS - Suppl 1 KW - urban health heat climate change PY - 2016 SN - 1476-069X SP - 73-93 ST - Changes in population susceptibility to heat and cold over time: Assessing adaptation to climate change T2 - Environmental Health TI - Changes in population susceptibility to heat and cold over time: Assessing adaptation to climate change VL - 15 ID - 22693 ER - TY - WEB AU - ARC 33°N CY - Atlanta, GA PB - Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC) PY - 2016 ST - Regional Snapshot: 2016 Population Estimates TI - Regional Snapshot: 2016 Population Estimates UR - http://33n.atlantaregional.com/regional-snapshot/regional-snapshot-2016-population-estimates ID - 24434 ER - TY - WEB AU - ARC CY - Atlanta, GA PB - Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC) PY - 2017 ST - Population & Employment Forecasts TI - Population & Employment Forecasts UR - http://www.atlantaregional.com/info-center/forecasts ID - 24433 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Arcadis US AU - CallisonRTKL AU - Wageningen University CY - San Francisco, CA NV - SPUR Report PB - San Francisco Bay Area Planning and Urban Research Association (SPUR) PY - 2016 SP - 72 ST - Mission Creek Sea Level Risk Adaptation Study: Waterfront Strategies for Long-Term Urban Resiliency TI - Mission Creek Sea Level Risk Adaptation Study: Waterfront Strategies for Long-Term Urban Resiliency UR - http://www.spur.org/publications/spur-report/2016-09-26/mission-creek-sea-level-rise-adaptation-study ID - 24195 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change affects the phenology of many species. As temperature and precipitation are thought to control autumn color change in temperate deciduous trees, it is possible that climate change might also affect the phenology of autumn colors. Using long-term data for eight tree species in a New England hardwood forest, we show that the timing and cumulative amount of autumn color are correlated with variation in temperature and precipitation at specific times of the year. A phenological model driven by accumulated cold degree-days and photoperiod reproduces most of the interspecific and interannual variability in the timing of autumn colors. We use this process-oriented model to predict changes in the phenology of autumn colors to 2099, showing that, while responses vary among species, climate change under standard IPCC projections will lead to an overall increase in the amount of autumn colors for most species. AU - Archetti, Marco AU - Richardson, Andrew D. AU - O'Keefe, John AU - Delpierre, Nicolas DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0057373 IS - 3 PY - 2013 SP - e57373 ST - Predicting climate change impacts on the amount and duration of autumn colors in a New England forest T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Predicting climate change impacts on the amount and duration of autumn colors in a New England forest VL - 8 ID - 21866 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Archfield, S. A. AU - Hirsch, R. M. AU - Viglione, A. AU - Blöschl, G. DO - 10.1002/2016GL070590 IS - 19 KW - floods trends climate 1616 Climate variability 1821 Floods 1860 Streamflow 1807 Climate impacts 1833 Hydroclimatology PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 10,232-10,239 ST - Fragmented patterns of flood change across the United States T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Fragmented patterns of flood change across the United States VL - 43 ID - 20983 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Council, Arctic AU - Arctic Council CY - Tromsø, Norway PB - Arctic Council, Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) PY - 2009 SP - 194 ST - Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment 2009 Report TI - Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment 2009 Report UR - http://library.arcticportal.org/id/eprint/1400 ID - 22160 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Arctic Observing Summit CY - Calgary, Alberta PB - Arctic Observing Summit (AOS) PY - 2016 SP - 2 ST - Conference Statement TI - Conference Statement UR - http://www.arcticobservingsummit.org/sites/arcticobservingsummit.org/files/AOS%20Conference%20Statement_Final_0.pdf ID - 22357 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ardyna, Mathieu AU - Babin, Marcel AU - Gosselin, Michel AU - Devred, Emmanuel AU - Rainville, Luc AU - Tremblay, Jean-Éric DO - 10.1002/2014GL061047 IS - 17 KW - Arctic phytoplankton phenology wind sea ice climate change 1637 Regional climate change 1640 Remote sensing 4207 Arctic and Antarctic oceanography 4855 Phytoplankton PY - 2014 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 6207-6212 ST - Recent Arctic Ocean sea ice loss triggers novel fall phytoplankton blooms T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Recent Arctic Ocean sea ice loss triggers novel fall phytoplankton blooms VL - 41 ID - 23337 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Arent, D. J. AU - Tol, R. S. J. AU - Faust, E. AU - Hella, J. P. AU - Kumar, S. AU - Strzepek, K. M. AU - Tóth, F. L. AU - Yan, D. C4 - bac78b54-3398-4a47-b045-c230520dfa91 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 10 SP - 659-708 ST - Key economic sectors and services T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Key economic sectors and services ID - 17671 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To examine whether stream nitrogen concentrations in forested reference catchments have changed over time and if patterns were consistent across the USA, we synthesized up to 44 yr of data collected from 22 catchments at seven USDA Forest Service Experimental Forests. Trends in stream nitrogen presented high spatial variability both among catchments at a site and among sites across the USA. We found both increasing and decreasing trends in monthly flow-weighted stream nitrate and ammonium concentrations. At a subset of the catchments, we found that the length and period of analysis influenced whether trends were positive, negative or non-significant. Trends also differed among neighboring catchments within several Experimental Forests, suggesting the importance of catchment-specific factors in determining nutrient exports. Over the longest time periods, trends were more consistent among catchments within sites, although there are fewer long-term records for analysis. These findings highlight the critical value of long-term, uninterrupted stream chemistry monitoring at a network of sites across the USA to elucidate patterns of change in nutrient concentrations at minimally disturbed forested sites. AU - Argerich, A. AU - Johnson, S. L. AU - Sebestyen, S. D. AU - Rhoades, C. C. AU - Greathouse, E. AU - Knoepp, J. D. AU - Adams, M. B. AU - Likens, G. E. AU - Campbell, J. L. AU - McDowell, W. H. AU - Scatena, F. N. AU - Ice, G. G. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014039 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 014039 ST - Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA VL - 8 ID - 22013 ER - TY - DATA A2 - Sea Scientific Open Data Edition (SEANOE) AU - Argo C4 - 295cc0c4-536f-49c5-abdc-3a3b4916fdba CY - Brest (France) and Monterey (California) DO - 10.17882/42182 PB - Argo Global Data Assembly Centre (GDAC) PY - 2000 ST - Argo Float Data and Metadata TI - Argo Float Data and Metadata ID - 23332 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study examines the impact of future urban expansion on local near-surface temperature for Sydney (Australia) using a future climate scenario (A2). The Weather Research and Forecasting model was used to simulate the present (1990–2009) and future (2040–2059) climates of the region at 2-km spatial resolution. The standard land use of the model was replaced with a more accurate dataset that covers the Sydney area. The future simulation incorporates the projected changes in the urban area of Sydney to account for the expected urban expansion. A comparison between areas with projected land use changes and their surroundings was conducted to evaluate how urbanization and global warming will act together and to ascertain their combined effect on the local climate. The analysis of the temperature changes revealed that future urbanization will strongly affect minimum temperature, whereas little impact was detected for maximum temperature. The minimum temperature changes will be noticeable throughout the year. However, during winter and spring these differences will be particularly large and the increases could be double the increase due to global warming alone at 2050. Results indicated that the changes were mostly due to increased heat capacity of urban structures and reduced evaporation in the city environment. AU - Argüeso, Daniel AU - Evans, Jason P. AU - Fita, Lluís AU - Bormann, Kathryn J. DA - April 01 DO - 10.1007/s00382-013-1789-6 IS - 7 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 2183-2199 ST - Temperature response to future urbanization and climate change T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Temperature response to future urbanization and climate change VL - 42 ID - 22680 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arimitsu, Mayumi L. AU - Piatt, John F. AU - Mueter, Franz J. DO - 10.3354/meps11888 PY - 2016 SP - 19-40 ST - Influence of glacier runoff on ecosystem structure in Gulf of Alaska fjords T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series TI - Influence of glacier runoff on ecosystem structure in Gulf of Alaska fjords VL - 560 ID - 22165 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Arizona Department of Health Services CY - Phoenix, AZ PB - Arizona Department of Health Services PY - 2014 SP - 40 ST - Heat Emergency Response Plan TI - Heat Emergency Response Plan UR - http://www.azdhs.gov/documents/preparedness/epidemiology-disease-control/extreme-weather/heat/heat-emergency-response-plan.pdf ID - 23712 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Arizona Rural Policy Institute CY - Flagstaff, AZ PB - Northern Arizona University PY - 2014 SP - 18 ST - Flagstaff Watershed Protection Project Cost Avoidance Study TI - Flagstaff Watershed Protection Project Cost Avoidance Study UR - https://nau.edu/economic-policy-institute/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/Flagstaff-Watershed-Protection-Project-2014.pdf ID - 26350 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arkema, Katie K. AU - Guannel, Greg AU - Verutes, Gregory AU - Wood, Spencer A. AU - Guerry, Anne AU - Ruckelshaus, Mary AU - Kareiva, Peter AU - Lacayo, Martin AU - Silver, Jessica M. DA - 10//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate1944 IS - 10 M3 - Letter PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X SP - 913-918 ST - Coastal habitats shield people and property from sea-level rise and storms T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Coastal habitats shield people and property from sea-level rise and storms VL - 3 ID - 21867 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Glavovic, Bruce A2 - Kelly, Mick A2 - Kay, Robert A2 - Travers, Ailbhe AU - Armitage, Derek C4 - 45440df3-2c34-452b-929d-fb9207e98161 CY - Boca Raton, FL PB - CRC Press PY - 2015 SE - 4 SN - 9780415464871 SP - 103-124 ST - Socio-ecological change in Canada's Arctic: Coping, adapting, and learning for an uncertain future T2 - Climate Change and the Coast: Building Resilient Communities TI - Socio-ecological change in Canada's Arctic: Coping, adapting, and learning for an uncertain future ID - 22166 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A review is made of current methods for assessing future changes in urban rainfall extremes and their effects on urban drainage systems, due to anthropogenic-induced climate change. The review concludes that in spite of significant advances there are still many limitations in our understanding of how to describe precipitation patterns in a changing climate in order to design and operate urban drainage infrastructure. Climate change may well be the driver that ensures that changes in urban drainage paradigms are identified and suitable solutions implemented. Design and optimization of urban drainage infrastructure considering climate change impacts and co-optimizing these with other objectives will become ever more important to keep our cities habitable into the future. AU - Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K. AU - Willems, P. AU - Olsson, J. AU - Beecham, S. AU - Pathirana, A. AU - Bülow Gregersen, I. AU - Madsen, H. AU - Nguyen, V.-T.-V. DO - 10.2166/wst.2013.251 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SP - 16-28 ST - Impacts of climate change on rainfall extremes and urban drainage systems: A review T2 - Water Science and Technology TI - Impacts of climate change on rainfall extremes and urban drainage systems: A review VL - 68 ID - 24290 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Arndt, Deke CY - Silver Spring, MD M1 - May 20 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2016 ST - Alaska: Last frontier on the front lines T2 - Climate.gov: Beyond the Data TI - Alaska: Last frontier on the front lines UR - https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/beyond-data/alaska-last-frontier-front-lines-climate-change ID - 22358 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Progress in urban climatology over the two decades since the first publication of the International Journal of Climatology is reviewed. It is emphasized that urban climatology during this period has benefited from conceptual advances made in microclimatology and boundary-layer climatology in general. The role of scale, heterogeneity, dynamic source areas for turbulent fluxes and the complexity introduced by the roughness sublayer over the tall, rigid roughness elements of cities is described. The diversity of urban heat islands, depending on the medium sensed and the sensing technique, is explained. The review focuses on two areas within urban climatology. First, it assesses advances in the study of selected urban climatic processes relating to urban atmospheric turbulence (including surface roughness) and exchange processes for energy and water, at scales of consideration ranging from individual facets of the urban environment, through streets and city blocks to neighbourhoods. Second, it explores the literature on the urban temperature field. The state of knowledge about urban heat islands around 1980 is described and work since then is assessed in terms of similarities to and contrasts with that situation. Finally, the main advances are summarized and recommendations for urban climate work in the future are made. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society. AU - Arnfield, A.J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1002/joc.859 IS - 1 KW - urban climate;; urban energy budget;; urban water budget;; urban heat island;; urban atmospheric turbulence;; urban roughness;; spatial heterogeneity PY - 2003 SN - 1097-0088 SP - 1-26 ST - Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island VL - 23 ID - 12503 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aronson, Myla F. J. AU - Handel, Steven N. DA - 2011/10/01 DO - 10.3375/043.031.0410 IS - 4 PY - 2011 SN - 0885-8608 SP - 400-407 ST - Deer and invasive plant species suppress forest herbaceous communities and canopy tree regeneration T2 - Natural Areas Journal TI - Deer and invasive plant species suppress forest herbaceous communities and canopy tree regeneration VL - 31 Y2 - 2017/09/19 ID - 21229 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arrigo, Kevin R. AU - van Dijken, Gert AU - Pabi, Sudeshna DO - 10.1029/2008GL035028 IS - 19 KW - Arctic sea ice primary production 4207 Arctic and Antarctic oceanography 4805 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 4855 Phytoplankton PY - 2008 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L19603 ST - Impact of a shrinking Arctic ice cover on marine primary production T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Impact of a shrinking Arctic ice cover on marine primary production VL - 35 ID - 19798 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The relatively low cost of lands along with a privileged location near an urban center attracted industry to the Meadowlands of New Jersey and the absence of regulations resulted in vast amounts of industrial waste emitted into the air and dumped to nearby estuaries and marshlands. Hurricane Sandy created an unprecedented sea surge that overtopped berms and tide gates and extensively flooded approximately 22.8 km2 of a low lying basin that includes Berry’s Creek, a tributary to the Hackensack River and well known for its legacy of high levels of contamination. The sea surge connected Berry’s Creek with eastern creeks that flow into the Hackensack River for several tidal cycles. The objectives of this study were to establish a baseline for organic pollutants and heavy metals post Superstorm Sandy, determine whether contaminants from highly contaminated areas moved to the eastern creeks during the surge and measure contaminant gradients around tide gates. Cadmium, mercury and chromium were the most abundant contaminants in sediments, and pollutants responsible for the highest ecological risk were Hg and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Concentrations of PCBs were higher in the western creeks and contrary to metals did not show concentration gradients from either side of tide gates. Massive export of contaminants from western to eastern creeks due to the surge was not apparent. The abundance of heavy metals in the vicinity of tide gates shows that they play a role in their distribution across the estuary. AU - Artigas, Francisco AU - Loh, Ji Meng AU - Shin, Jin Young AU - Grzyb, Joe AU - Yao, Ying DA - April 08 DO - 10.1007/s12665-017-6604-y IS - 7 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1866-6299 SP - 293 ST - Baseline and distribution of organic pollutants and heavy metals in tidal creek sediments after Hurricane Sandy in the Meadowlands of New Jersey T2 - Environmental Earth Sciences TI - Baseline and distribution of organic pollutants and heavy metals in tidal creek sediments after Hurricane Sandy in the Meadowlands of New Jersey VL - 76 ID - 26172 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Arup AU - Regional Plan Association AU - Siemens CY - New York, NY PB - Arup, Regional Plan Association, and Siemens PY - 2013 SP - 65 ST - Toolkit for Resilient Cities: Infrastructure, Technology and Urban Planning TI - Toolkit for Resilient Cities: Infrastructure, Technology and Urban Planning UR - http://www.acclimatise.uk.com/login/uploaded/resources/SiemensResilience_InteractPDF_2013-09-25.pdf ID - 22887 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Asam, Susan AU - Bhat, Cassandra AU - Dix, Brenda AU - Bauer, Jocelyn AU - Gopalakrishna, Deepak CY - Washington, DC NV - FHWA-HOP-15-026 PB - Federal Highway Administration PY - 2015 SP - 77 ST - Climate Change Adaptation Guide for Transportation Systems Management, Operations, and Maintenance TI - Climate Change Adaptation Guide for Transportation Systems Management, Operations, and Maintenance UR - https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop15026/index.htm ID - 24606 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Asam, Susan AU - Spindler, Dana AU - Julius, Susan AU - Beierwagen, Brita CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2016 SN - EPA/600/R-15/087F ST - Stormwater Management in Response to Climate Change Impacts: Lessons from the Chesapeake Bay and Great Lakes Regions TI - Stormwater Management in Response to Climate Change Impacts: Lessons from the Chesapeake Bay and Great Lakes Regions UR - https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/global/recordisplay.cfm?deid=310045 ID - 26553 ER - TY - WEB AU - ASCE CY - Washington, DC PB - American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) PY - 2013 SP - 35 ST - 2013 Report for Oklahoma's Infrastructure TI - 2013 Report for Oklahoma's Infrastructure UR - https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/state-item/oklahoma/ ID - 23308 ER - TY - WEB AU - ASCE CY - Washington, DC PB - American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) PY - 2013 SP - 43 ST - 2013 Report Card for Kansas' Infrastructure TI - 2013 Report Card for Kansas' Infrastructure UR - https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/state-item/kansas/ ID - 23309 ER - TY - WEB AU - ASCE CY - Washington, DC PB - American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) PY - 2014 ST - 2014 Pennsylvania Infrastructure Report Card TI - 2014 Pennsylvania Infrastructure Report Card UR - https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/state-item/pennsylvania/ ID - 21870 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ASCE CY - Reston, VA PB - American Society of Civil Engineers PY - 2016 SP - 29 ST - Failure to Act: Closing the Infrastructure Investment Gap For America’s Economic Future. 2017 Infrastructure Report Card TI - Failure to Act: Closing the Infrastructure Investment Gap For America’s Economic Future. 2017 Infrastructure Report Card UR - https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/ASCE-Failure-to-Act-2016-FINAL.pdf ID - 23202 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ASCE CY - Reston, VA PB - American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) PY - 2017 SP - 6 ST - 2017 Infrastructure Report Card: Dams TI - 2017 Infrastructure Report Card: Dams UR - https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Dams-Final.pdf ID - 21550 ER - TY - WEB AU - ASCE CY - Washington, DC PB - American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) PY - 2017 SP - 46 ST - Report Card for Texas' Infrastructure 2017 TI - Report Card for Texas' Infrastructure 2017 UR - https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/state-item/texas/ ID - 23310 ER - TY - WEB AU - ASCE CY - Reston, VA PB - American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) PY - 2017 ST - 2017 Infrastructure Report Card TI - 2017 Infrastructure Report Card UR - https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/ ID - 23710 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ASCE CY - Reston, VA PB - American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) PY - 2017 SP - 6 ST - 2017 Infrastructure Report Card: Levees TI - 2017 Infrastructure Report Card: Levees UR - https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Levees-Final.pdf ID - 25391 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ASCE CY - Reston, VA PB - American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) PY - 2017 SP - 6 ST - 2017 Infrastructure Report Card: Energy TI - 2017 Infrastructure Report Card: Energy UR - https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Energy-Final.pdf ID - 25902 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change has prompted an earlier arrival of spring in numerous ecosystems. It is uncertain whether such changes are occurring in Eastern Boundary Current Upwelling ecosystems, because these regions are subject to natural decadal climate variability, and regional climate models predict seasonal delays in upwelling. To answer this question, the phenology of 43 species of larval fishes was investigated between 1951 and 2008 off southern California. Ordination of the fish community showed earlier phenological progression in more recent years. Thirty-nine percent of seasonal peaks in larval abundance occurred earlier in the year, whereas 18% were delayed. The species whose phenology became earlier were characterized by an offshore, pelagic distribution, whereas species with delayed phenology were more likely to reside in coastal, demersal habitats. Phenological changes were more closely associated with a trend toward earlier warming of surface waters rather than decadal climate cycles, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation. Species with long-term advances and delays in phenology reacted similarly to warming at the interannual time scale as demonstrated by responses to the El Niño Southern Oscillation. The trend toward earlier spawning was correlated with changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and mesozooplankton displacement volume, but not coastal upwelling. SST and upwelling were correlated with delays in fish phenology. For species with 20th century advances in phenology, future projections indicate that current trends will continue unabated. The fate of species with delayed phenology is less clear due to differences between Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change models in projected upwelling trends. AU - Asch, Rebecca G. DA - July 28, 2015 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1421946112 IS - 30 PY - 2015 SP - E4065-E4074 ST - Climate change and decadal shifts in the phenology of larval fishes in the California Current ecosystem T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climate change and decadal shifts in the phenology of larval fishes in the California Current ecosystem VL - 112 ID - 23338 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Asch, Rebecca G. AU - Cheung, William W. L. AU - Reygondeau, Gabriel DA - 2018/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.08.015 KW - Climate change Pacific Island countries and territories Marine biogeochemistry Biodiversity Maximum catch potential Marine fisheries PY - 2018 SN - 0308-597X SP - 285-294 ST - Future marine ecosystem drivers, biodiversity, and fisheries maximum catch potential in Pacific Island countries and territories under climate change T2 - Marine Policy TI - Future marine ecosystem drivers, biodiversity, and fisheries maximum catch potential in Pacific Island countries and territories under climate change VL - 88 ID - 25859 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Asefa, Tirusew AU - Adams, Alison AU - Wanakule, Nisai DO - 10.1111/1752-1688.12309 IS - 5 KW - level-of-service reliability water supply planning probabilistic supply and demand water utilities PY - 2015 SN - 1752-1688 SP - 1272-1285 ST - A level-of-service concept for planning future water supply projects under probabilistic demand and supply framework T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - A level-of-service concept for planning future water supply projects under probabilistic demand and supply framework VL - 51 ID - 21469 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Asfaw, Solomon AU - Lipper, Leslie CY - Rome, Italy NV - I5402E/1/04.16 PB - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations PY - 2016 SP - 15 ST - Managing Climate Risk Using Climate-Smart Agriculture TI - Managing Climate Risk Using Climate-Smart Agriculture UR - http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5402e.pdf ID - 23597 ER - TY - WEB AU - ASFPM CY - Madison, WI PB - Association of State Floodplain Managers (ASFPM) PY - 2017 ST - [web site] TI - [web site] UR - http://www.floods.org/ ID - 24047 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ash, Jeremy D. AU - Givnish, Thomas J. AU - Waller, Donald M. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13429 IS - 3 KW - climate analog forest understory functional traits geographic centroid migratory lag PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1305-1315 ST - Tracking lags in historical plant species’ shifts in relation to regional climate change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Tracking lags in historical plant species’ shifts in relation to regional climate change VL - 23 ID - 21187 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Asifoa-Lagai, Molly CY - Pago Pago, AS DA - 2012/07// PB - American Samoa Community College PY - 2012 SP - 21 ST - "Food Desert" American Samoa: Assessing Food Desert at School Locations TI - "Food Desert" American Samoa: Assessing Food Desert at School Locations UR - https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/adap/Publications/ADAP_pubs/2012-FoodDesertReport.pdf ID - 22379 ER - TY - PRESS AU - ASLA CY - Washington, DC M1 - 5 PB - American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) PY - 2008 ST - Statement on Climate Change TI - Statement on Climate Change UR - https://asla.org/uploadedFiles/CMS/Government_Affairs/Public_Policies/climatechange.pdf ID - 23207 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aslaksen, Iulie AU - Glomsrød, Solveig AU - Myhr, Anne Ingeborg DA - 2012/06/01 DO - 10.1080/1088937X.2011.654357 IS - 2 PY - 2012 SN - 1088-937X SP - 135-153 ST - ‘Late lessons from early warnings’—Uncertainty and precaution in policy approaches to Arctic climate change impacts T2 - Polar Geography TI - ‘Late lessons from early warnings’—Uncertainty and precaution in policy approaches to Arctic climate change impacts VL - 35 ID - 22167 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The 2012–2015 drought has left California with severely reduced snowpack, soil moisture, ground water, and reservoir stocks, but the impact of this estimated millennial-scale event on forest health is unknown. We used airborne laser-guided spectroscopy and satellite-based models to assess losses in canopy water content of California’s forests between 2011 and 2015. Approximately 10.6 million ha of forest containing up to 888 million large trees experienced measurable loss in canopy water content during this drought period. Severe canopy water losses of greater than 30% occurred over 1 million ha, affecting up to 58 million large trees. Our measurements exclude forests affected by fire between 2011 and 2015. If drought conditions continue or reoccur, even with temporary reprieves such as El Niño, we predict substantial future forest change. AU - Asner, Gregory P. AU - Brodrick, Philip G. AU - Anderson, Christopher B. AU - Vaughn, Nicholas AU - Knapp, David E. AU - Martin, Roberta E. DA - January 12, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1523397113 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SP - E249-E255 ST - Progressive forest canopy water loss during the 2012–2015 California drought T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Progressive forest canopy water loss during the 2012–2015 California drought VL - 113 ID - 19775 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Context:Sports medicine providers frequently return athletes to play after sports-related injuries and conditions. Many of these conditions have guidelines or medical evidence to guide the decision-making process. Occasionally, however, sports medicine providers are challenged with complex medical conditions for which there is little evidence-based guidance and physicians are instructed to individualize treatment; included in this group of conditions are exertional heat stroke (EHS), exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER), and exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait (ECAST).Evidence Acquisition:The MEDLINE (2000-2015) database was searched using the following search terms: exertional heat stroke, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait. References from consensus statements, review articles, and book chapters were also utilized.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 4.Results:These entities are unique in that they may cause organ system damage capable of leading to short- or long-term detriments to physical activity and may not lend to complete recovery, potentially putting the athlete at risk with premature return to play.Conclusion:With a better understanding of the pathophysiology of EHS, ER, and ECAST and the factors associated with recovery, better decisions regarding return to play may be made. AU - Asplund, Chad A. AU - O’Connor, Francis G. DO - 10.1177/1941738115617453 IS - 2 KW - return to play,heat illness,rhabdomyolysis,sickle cell trait PY - 2016 SP - 117-125 ST - Challenging return to play decisions: Heat stroke, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait T2 - Sports Health TI - Challenging return to play decisions: Heat stroke, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait VL - 8 ID - 23713 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Assad, Eduardo Delgado AU - Magalhães, Antônio Rocha CY - Rio de Janeiro, Brasil N1 - ISBN: 978-85-285-0207-7 PB - COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro PY - 2013 SP - 28 ST - Executive Summary: Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Adaptation. Contribution from Grupo de Trabalho 2 (Working Group 2) to the Primeiro Relatório de Avaliação Nacional sobre Mudanças Climáticas of the Painel Brasileiro de Mudanças Climáticas (GT2 RAN1 PBMC) TI - Executive Summary: Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Adaptation. Contribution from Grupo de Trabalho 2 (Working Group 2) to the Primeiro Relatório de Avaliação Nacional sobre Mudanças Climáticas of the Painel Brasileiro de Mudanças Climáticas (GT2 RAN1 PBMC) UR - http://www.pbmc.coppe.ufrj.br/documentos/GT2_sumario_ingles.pdf ID - 26017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Asseng, S. AU - Ewert, F. AU - Martre, P. AU - Rötter, R. P. AU - Lobell, D. B. AU - Cammarano, D. AU - Kimball, B. A. AU - Ottman, M. J. AU - Wall, G. W. AU - White, J. W. AU - Reynolds, M. P. AU - Alderman, P. D. AU - Prasad, P. V. V. AU - Aggarwal, P. K. AU - Anothai, J. AU - Basso, B. AU - Biernath, C. AU - Challinor, A. J. AU - De Sanctis, G. AU - Doltra, J. AU - Fereres, E. AU - Garcia-Vila, M. AU - Gayler, S. AU - Hoogenboom, G. AU - Hunt, L. A. AU - Izaurralde, R. C. AU - Jabloun, M. AU - Jones, C. D. AU - Kersebaum, K. C. AU - Koehler, A. K. AU - Müller, C. AU - Naresh Kumar, S. AU - Nendel, C. AU - O’Leary, G. AU - Olesen, J. E. AU - Palosuo, T. AU - Priesack, E. AU - Eyshi Rezaei, E. AU - Ruane, A. C. AU - Semenov, M. A. AU - Shcherbak, I. AU - Stöckle, C. AU - Stratonovitch, P. AU - Streck, T. AU - Supit, I. AU - Tao, F. AU - Thorburn, P. J. AU - Waha, K. AU - Wang, E. AU - Wallach, D. AU - Wolf, J. AU - Zhao, Z. AU - Zhu, Y. DA - 12/22/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2470 PY - 2015 SP - 143-147 ST - Rising temperatures reduce global wheat production T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Rising temperatures reduce global wheat production VL - 5 ID - 23497 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Associated Press DA - October 12 PY - 2017 ST - Shifting permafrost threatens Alaska village's new airport T2 - CBC News TI - Shifting permafrost threatens Alaska village's new airport UR - https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/shifting-permafrost-alaska-airport-bethel-1.4351497 ID - 26544 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Associated Press DA - May 2 PY - 2017 ST - Amtrak suspends rail service across Missouri TI - Amtrak suspends rail service across Missouri UR - http://fox2now.com/2017/05/02/amtrack-suspends-rail-service-across-missouri/ ID - 26554 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Astor, Maggie DA - Sept. 28, 2017 PY - 2017 SE - Health ST - 'Flesh eating bacteria’ from Harvey’s floodwaters kill a woman T2 - New York Times TI - 'Flesh eating bacteria’ from Harvey’s floodwaters kill a woman UR - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/28/health/necrotizing-fasciitis-houston-texas.html ID - 23226 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Atkins CY - Calverton, MD PB - Atkins PY - 2015 SP - various ST - Flood Loss Avoidance Benefits of Green Infrastructure for Stormwater Management. Prepared for U.S. EPA TI - Flood Loss Avoidance Benefits of Green Infrastructure for Stormwater Management. Prepared for U.S. EPA UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-05/documents/flood-avoidance-green-infrastructure-12-14-2015.pdf ID - 24196 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Atkinson, Larry P. AU - Ezer, Tal AU - Smith, Elizabeth IS - 2 PY - 2013 SP - 3-14 ST - Sea level rise and flooding risk in Virginia T2 - Sea Grant Law and Policy Journal TI - Sea level rise and flooding risk in Virginia UR - http://nsglc.olemiss.edu/sglpj/vol5no2/2-atkinson.pdf VL - 5 ID - 24046 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Attavanich, Witsanu AU - McCarl, Bruce A. AU - Ahmedov, Zafarbek AU - Fuller, Stephen W. AU - Vedenov, Dmitry V. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/nclimate1892 IS - 7 M3 - Letter PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X SP - 638-643 ST - Effects of climate change on US grain transport T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Effects of climate change on US grain transport VL - 3 ID - 12516 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Attaway, John A. C4 - 2bc3a5f0-95b4-46c5-b4bb-6984f01bb3fa CY - Ocala, FL PB - Flordia Science Source PY - 1997 SN - 978-0944961032 0944961037 SP - 368 ST - A History of Florida Citrus Freezes TI - A History of Florida Citrus Freezes ID - 24435 ER - TY - WEB AU - Atungulu, G. R. PB - USDA Research, Education & Economics Information System PY - 2017 ST - Management of in-bin grain drying and storage systems for improved grain quality and prevention of mycotoxins TI - Management of in-bin grain drying and storage systems for improved grain quality and prevention of mycotoxins UR - https://portal.nifa.usda.gov/web/crisprojectpages/1002599-management-of-in-bin-grain-drying-and-storage-systems-for-improved-grain-quality-and-prevention-of-mycotoxins.html ID - 21251 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Auclair, Allan N. D. AU - Heilman, Warren E. AU - Brinkman, Blondel DA - 2010/04/01 DO - 10.1139/X10-023 IS - 4 PY - 2010 SN - 0045-5067 SP - 687-702 ST - Predicting forest dieback in Maine, USA: A simple model based on soil frost and drought T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research TI - Predicting forest dieback in Maine, USA: A simple model based on soil frost and drought VL - 40 Y2 - 2017/09/19 ID - 21199 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It has been suggested that climate change impacts on the electric sector will account for the majority of global economic damages by the end of the current century and beyond [Rose S, et al. (2014) Understanding the Social Cost of Carbon: A Technical Assessment]. The empirical literature has shown significant increases in climate-driven impacts on overall consumption, yet has not focused on the cost implications of the increased intensity and frequency of extreme events driving peak demand, which is the highest load observed in a period. We use comprehensive, high-frequency data at the level of load balancing authorities to parameterize the relationship between average or peak electricity demand and temperature for a major economy. Using statistical models, we analyze multiyear data from 166 load balancing authorities in the United States. We couple the estimated temperature response functions for total daily consumption and daily peak load with 18 downscaled global climate models (GCMs) to simulate climate change-driven impacts on both outcomes. We show moderate and heterogeneous changes in consumption, with an average increase of 2.8% by end of century. The results of our peak load simulations, however, suggest significant increases in the intensity and frequency of peak events throughout the United States, assuming today’s technology and electricity market fundamentals. As the electricity grid is built to endure maximum load, our findings have significant implications for the construction of costly peak generating capacity, suggesting additional peak capacity costs of up to 180 billion dollars by the end of the century under business-as-usual. AU - Auffhammer, Maximilian AU - Baylis, Patrick AU - Hausman, Catherine H. DA - February 21, 2017 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1613193114 IS - 8 PY - 2017 SP - 1886-1891 ST - Climate change is projected to have severe impacts on the frequency and intensity of peak electricity demand across the United States T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climate change is projected to have severe impacts on the frequency and intensity of peak electricity demand across the United States VL - 114 ID - 21327 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Auffhammer, Maximilian AU - Schlenker, Wolfram DA - 2014/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.eneco.2014.09.010 KW - Climate change Adaptation Integrated assessment Reduced form studies PY - 2014 SN - 0140-9883 SP - 555-561 ST - Empirical studies on agricultural impacts and adaptation T2 - Energy Economics TI - Empirical studies on agricultural impacts and adaptation VL - 46 ID - 26125 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Increasing atmospheric [CO2] and temperature are expected to affect the productivity, species composition, biogeochemistry, and therefore the quantity and quality of forage available to herbivores in rangeland ecosystems. Both elevated CO2 (eCO2) and warming affect plant tissue chemistry through multiple direct and indirect pathways, such that the cumulative outcomes of these effects are difficult to predict. Here, we report on a 7-yr study examining effects of CO2 enrichment (to 600 ppm) and infrared warming (+1.5°C day/3°C night) under realistic field conditions on forage quality and quantity in a semiarid, mixedgrass prairie. For the three dominant forage grasses, warming effects on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and tissue [N] were detected only in certain years, varied from negative to positive, and were relatively minor. In contrast, eCO2 substantially reduced IVDMD (two most abundant grasses) and [N] (all three dominant grass species) in most years, except the two wettest years. Furthermore, eCO2 reduced IVDMD and [N] independent of warming effects. Reduced IVDMD with eCO2 was related both to reduced [N] and increased acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of grass tissues. For the six most abundant forage species (representing 96% of total forage production), combined warming and eCO2 increased forage production by 38% and reduced forage [N] by 13% relative to ambient climate. Although the absolute magnitude of the decline in IVDMD and [N] due to combined warming and eCO2 may seem small (e.g., from 63.3 to 61.1% IVDMD and 1.25 to 1.04% [N] for Pascopyrum smithii), such shifts could have substantial consequences for the rate at which ruminants gain weight during the primary growing season in the largest remaining rangeland ecosystem in North America. With forage production increases, declining forage quality could potentially be mitigated by adaptively increasing stocking rates, and through management such as prescribed burning, fertilization at low rates, and legume interseeding to enhance forage quality. AU - Augustine, David J. AU - Blumenthal, Dana M. AU - Springer, Tim L. AU - LeCain, Daniel R. AU - Gunter, Stacey A. AU - Derner, Justin D. DO - 10.1002/eap.1680 IS - 3 PY - 2018 SP - 721-735 ST - Elevated CO2 induces substantial and persistent declines in forage quality irrespective of warming in mixedgrass prairie T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Elevated CO2 induces substantial and persistent declines in forage quality irrespective of warming in mixedgrass prairie VL - 28 ID - 25931 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Projected changes in global rainfall patterns will likely alter water supplies and ecosystems in semiarid regions during the coming century. Instrumental and paleoclimate data indicate that natural hydroclimate fluctuations tend to be more energetic at low (multidecadal to multicentury) than at high (interannual) frequencies. State-of-the-art global climate models do not capture this characteristic of hydroclimate variability, suggesting that the models underestimate the risk of future persistent droughts. Methods are developed here for assessing the risk of such events in the coming century using climate model projections as well as observational (paleoclimate) information. Where instrumental and paleoclimate data are reliable, these methods may provide a more complete view of prolonged drought risk. In the U.S. Southwest, for instance, state-of-the-art climate model projections suggest the risk of a decade-scale megadrought in the coming century is less than 50%; the analysis herein suggests that the risk is at least 80%, and may be higher than 90% in certain areas. The likelihood of longer-lived events (>35 yr) is between 20% and 50%, and the risk of an unprecedented 50-yr megadrought is nonnegligible under the most severe warming scenario (5%–10%). These findings are important to consider as adaptation and mitigation strategies are developed to cope with regional impacts of climate change, where population growth is high and multidecadal megadrought—worse than anything seen during the last 2000 years—would pose unprecedented challenges to water resources in the region. AU - Ault, Toby R. AU - Cole, Julia E. AU - Overpeck, Jonathan T. AU - Pederson, Gregory T. AU - Meko, David M. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00282.1 IS - 20 KW - Drought,Paleoclimate,Risk assessment,General circulation models,Climate variability PY - 2014 SP - 7529-7549 ST - Assessing the risk of persistent drought using climate model simulations and paleoclimate data T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Assessing the risk of persistent drought using climate model simulations and paleoclimate data VL - 27 ID - 23714 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ault, T. R. AU - Henebry, G. M. AU - de Beurs, K. M. AU - Schwartz, M. D. AU - Betancourt, J. L. AU - Moore, D. DO - 10.1002/2013EO200001 IS - 20 KW - phenology spring onset drought false spring 0439 Ecosystems: structure and dynamics 1616 Climate variability 1630 Impacts of global change 1631 Land/atmosphere interactions 1640 Remote sensing PY - 2013 SN - 2324-9250 SP - 181-182 ST - The false spring of 2012, earliest in North American record T2 - Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union TI - The false spring of 2012, earliest in North American record VL - 94 ID - 23339 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ault, T. R. AU - Macalady, A. K. AU - Pederson, G. T. AU - Betancourt, J. L. AU - Schwartz, M. D. C6 - NCA DA - Aug DO - 10.1175/2011jcli4069.1 IS - 15 KW - united-states; annular mode; extratropical circulation; geopotential; height; climate-change; part i; trends; phenology; earlier; wildfire M3 - Article PY - 2011 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 4003-4014 ST - Northern Hemisphere modes of variability and the timing of spring in western North America T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Northern Hemisphere modes of variability and the timing of spring in western North America VL - 24 ID - 12519 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Megadroughts are comparable in severity to the worst droughts of the 20th century but are of much longer duration. A megadrought in the American Southwest would impose unprecedented stress on the limited water resources of the area, making it critical to evaluate future risks not only under different climate change mitigation scenarios but also for different aspects of regional hydroclimate. We find that changes in the mean hydroclimate state, rather than its variability, determine megadrought risk in the American Southwest. Estimates of megadrought probabilities based on precipitation alone tend to underestimate risk. Furthermore, business-as-usual emissions of greenhouse gases will drive regional warming and drying, regardless of large precipitation uncertainties. We find that regional temperature increases alone push megadrought risk above 70, 90, or 99% by the end of the century, even if precipitation increases moderately, does not change, or decreases, respectively. Although each possibility is supported by some climate model simulations, the latter is the most common outcome for the American Southwest in Coupled Model Intercomparison 5 generation models. An aggressive reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions cuts megadrought risks nearly in half. AU - Ault, Toby R. AU - Mankin, Justin S. AU - Cook, Benjamin I. AU - Smerdon, Jason E. DO - 10.1126/sciadv.1600873 IS - 10 PY - 2016 SP - e1600873 ST - Relative impacts of mitigation, temperature, and precipitation on 21st-century megadrought risk in the American Southwest T2 - Science Advances TI - Relative impacts of mitigation, temperature, and precipitation on 21st-century megadrought risk in the American Southwest VL - 2 ID - 23659 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to modify the timing of seasonal transitions this century, impacting wildlife migrations, ecosystem function, and agricultural activity. Tracking seasonal transitions in a consistent manner across space and through time requires indices that can be used for monitoring and managing biophysical and ecological systems during the coming decades. Here a new gridded dataset of spring indices is described and used to understand interannual, decadal, and secular trends across the coterminous United States. This dataset is derived from daily interpolated meteorological data, and the results are compared with historical station data to ensure the trends and variations are robust. Regional trends in the first leaf index range from −0.8 to −1.6 days decade−1, while first bloom index trends are between −0.4 and −1.2 for most regions. However, these trends are modulated by interannual to multidecadal variations, which are substantial throughout the regions considered here. These findings emphasize the important role large-scale climate modes of variability play in modulating spring onset on interannual to multidecadal time scales. Finally, there is some potential for successful subseasonal forecasts of spring onset, as indices from most regions are significantly correlated with antecedent large-scale modes of variability. AU - Ault, Toby R. AU - Schwartz, Mark D. AU - Zurita-Milla, Raul AU - Weltzin, Jake F. AU - Betancourt, Julio L. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-14-00736.1 IS - 21 KW - Climate variability,Decadal variability,Interannual variability,Multidecadal variability,Spring season,Agriculture PY - 2015 SP - 8363-8378 ST - Trends and natural variability of spring onset in the coterminous United States as evaluated by a new gridded dataset of spring indices T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Trends and natural variability of spring onset in the coterminous United States as evaluated by a new gridded dataset of spring indices VL - 28 ID - 21918 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Austin, Jay AU - Colman, Steve DO - 10.4319/lo.2008.53.6.2724 IS - 6 PY - 2008 SN - 1939-5590 SP - 2724-2730 ST - A century of temperature variability in Lake Superior T2 - Limnology and Oceanography TI - A century of temperature variability in Lake Superior VL - 53 ID - 21232 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Lake Superior summer (July-September) surface water temperatures have increased approximately 2.5°C over the interval 1979-2006, equivalent to a rate of (11 ± 6) × 10^-2°C yr^-1, significantly in excess of regional atmospheric warming. This discrepancy is caused by declining winter ice cover, which is causing the onset of the positively stratified season to occur earlier at a rate of roughly a half day per year. An earlier start of the stratified season significantly increases the period over which the lake warms during the summer months, leading to a stronger trend in mean summer temperatures than would be expected from changes in summer air temperature alone. AU - Austin, Jay A. AU - Colman, Steven M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2006GL029021 IS - 6 KW - Lake Superior; climate change; ice; 0746 Cryosphere: Lakes; 1630 Global Change: Impacts of global change; 1637 Global Change: Regional climate change; 1845 Hydrology: Limnology; 4239 Oceanography: General: Limnology PY - 2007 SN - 0094-8276 SP - L06604 ST - Lake Superior summer water temperatures are increasing more rapidly than regional air temperatures: A positive ice-albedo feedback T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Lake Superior summer water temperatures are increasing more rapidly than regional air temperatures: A positive ice-albedo feedback VL - 34 ID - 12523 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Australian Bureau of Meteorology AU - CSIRO C6 - NCA PY - 2011 ST - Climate Change in the Pacific: Scientific Assessment and New Research. Volume 1: Regional Overview. Volume 2: Country Reports. TI - Climate Change in the Pacific: Scientific Assessment and New Research. Volume 1: Regional Overview. Volume 2: Country Reports. UR - https://www.pacificclimatechangescience.org/publications/reports/ ID - 12524 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Australian Bureau of Meteorology AU - CSIRO C4 - c57f7893-035e-49d9-b31d-83856dab8624 CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 2011 PB - Australian Bureau of Meteorology and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) PY - 2014 SN - 978-1-4863-0288-8 (print) 978-1-4863-0289-5 (online) SP - 358 ST - Climate Variability, Extremes and Change in the Western Tropical Pacific: New Science and Updated Country Reports 2014 TI - Climate Variability, Extremes and Change in the Western Tropical Pacific: New Science and Updated Country Reports 2014 UR - https://www.pacificclimatechange.net/document/climate-variability-extremes-and-change-western-tropical-pacific-new-science-and-updated ID - 22380 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Averchenkova, Alina AU - Crick, Florence AU - Kocornik-Mina, Adriana AU - Leck, Hayley AU - Surminski, Swenja DO - 10.1002/wcc.402 IS - 4 PY - 2016 SN - 1757-7799 SP - 517-536 ST - Multinational and large national corporations and climate adaptation: Are we asking the right questions? A review of current knowledge and a new research perspective T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change TI - Multinational and large national corporations and climate adaptation: Are we asking the right questions? A review of current knowledge and a new research perspective VL - 7 ID - 22091 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Avery, C.W. AU - Carter, T.S. AU - Lewis, K.L.M. AU - Reeves, K. AU - Reidmiller, D.R. C4 - f64ab4c0-b2ec-44e6-af35-f5be2f4693c3 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.AP1 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 30 SP - xxx ST - Report Development Process T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Report Development Process ID - 26667 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Avery, C.W. AU - Reidmiller, D.R. AU - Kolian, M. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - Herring, D. AU - Sherman, R. AU - Sweet, W.V. AU - Tipton, K. AU - Weaver, C. C4 - 39de43ec-173d-4b2a-a418-35fcfddfb098 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.AP3 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 32 SP - xxx ST - Data Tools and Scenarios Products T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Data Tools and Scenarios Products ID - 26669 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) is established in Everglades National Park and neighboring areas in south Florida. Beyond its substantial ecological impacts to native fauna in south Florida, concerns have been raised as to its potential to occupy other parts of the USA, even as far north as Washington, DC. During a recent period of cold weather, seven of nine captive Burmese pythons held in outdoor pens at our facility in north-central Florida died, or would have died absent our intervention. This cold-induced mortality occurred despite the presence of refugia with heat sources. Our findings cast doubt on the ability of free-ranging Burmese pythons to establish and persist beyond the subtropical environment of south Florida. AU - Avery, Michael L. AU - Engeman, Richard M. AU - Keacher, Kandy L. AU - Humphrey, John S. AU - Bruce, William E. AU - Mathies, Tom C. AU - Mauldin, Richard E. DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s10530-010-9761-4 IS - 11 M3 - journal article PY - 2010 SN - 1573-1464 SP - 3649-3652 ST - Cold weather and the potential range of invasive Burmese pythons T2 - Biological Invasions TI - Cold weather and the potential range of invasive Burmese pythons VL - 12 ID - 24291 ER - TY - RPRT AU - AWF AU - AEC AU - Entergy C6 - NCA PB - America’s Wetlands Foundation (AWF) and America’s Energy Coast (AEC) and Entergy PY - 2010 SP - 11 ST - Building a Resilient Energy Gulf Coast: Executive Report TI - Building a Resilient Energy Gulf Coast: Executive Report UR - http://www.entergy.com/content/our_community/environment/GulfCoastAdaptation/Building_a_Resilient_Gulf_Coast.pdf ID - 12530 ER - TY - RPRT AU - AWWA CY - Denver, CO PB - American Water Works Association PY - 2012 SP - 37 ST - Buried No Longer: Confronting America’s Water Infrastructure Challenge TI - Buried No Longer: Confronting America’s Water Infrastructure Challenge UR - http://www.awwa.org/Portals/0/files/legreg/documents/BuriedNoLonger.pdf ID - 21549 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ayers, Jessica AU - Ficklin, Darren L. AU - Stewart, Iris T. AU - Strunk, Meredith DO - 10.1002/joc.4594 IS - 11 KW - CMIP3 CMIP5 SWAT Colorado River snowmelt climate change PY - 2016 SN - 1097-0088 SP - 3807-3818 ST - Comparison of CMIP3 and CMIP5 projected hydrologic conditions over the upper Colorado River basin T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Comparison of CMIP3 and CMIP5 projected hydrologic conditions over the upper Colorado River basin VL - 36 ID - 23715 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Three hundred and fifty municipalities across five continents participated in the Urban Climate Change Governance Survey (UCGS). Conducted at MIT in partnership with ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, the UCGS provides a first of its kind look at the governance networks that municipalities are creating to address climate change. Drawing from these results, this paper analyses the institutional governance structures that surround local government work on climate change adaptation. Results show an integration of adaptation and mitigation planning, and a mainstreaming of adaptation planning into other long-range and sectoral plans. Seventy-three percent of respondents stated that their local government’s are engaging with both adaptation and mitigation, and 75% are integrating adaptation into long-range or sectoral plans. However, many critical municipal agencies – including those responsible for water, waste water, health, and building codes – remain on the margins of urban adaptation efforts. Internal institutional networks of governance are inextricably linked to efforts to address a problem like adaptation, which does not fit neatly into individual institutional silos. The results of the UCGS show where these networks have so far been made, how they have been created, and which local government actors have yet to be effectively engaged. AU - Aylett, Alexander DA - 12// DO - 10.1016/j.uclim.2015.06.005 KW - Cities Adaptation Governance Local government Climate change PY - 2015 SN - 2212-0955 SP - 4-16 ST - Institutionalizing the urban governance of climate change adaptation: Results of an international survey T2 - Urban Climate TI - Institutionalizing the urban governance of climate change adaptation: Results of an international survey VL - 14, Part 1 ID - 22696 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Peterson, David L. A2 - Vose, James M. A2 - Patel-Weynand, Toral AB - The effects of climate change on insect outbreaks, wildfire, invasive species, and pathogens in forest ecosystems will greatly exceed the effects of warmer temperature on gradual changes in forest processes. Increased frequency and extent of these disturbances will lead to rapid changes in vegetation age and structure, plant species composition, productivity, carbon storage, and water yield. Insect outbreaks are the most pervasive forest disturbance in the United States, and rapid spread of bark beetles in the western United States has been attributed to a recent increase in temperature. Wildfire area burned has increased in recent decades, although frequency and severity have not changed, and is expected to greatly increase by 2050 (at least twice as much area burned annually in the West). More frequent occurrence of fire and insects will create landscapes in which regeneration of vegetation will occur in a warmer environment, possibly with new species assemblages, younger age classes, and altered forest structure. Increased fire and insects may in turn cause more erosion and landslides. Invasive plant species are already a component of all forest ecosystems, and a warmer climate will likely facilitate the spread of current and new invasives, particularly annuals that compete effectively in an environment with higher temperature and frequent disturbance. The interaction of multiple disturbances and stressors, or stress complexes, has the potential to alter the structure and function of forest ecosystems, especially when considered in the context of human land-use change. Occurring across large landscapes over time, these stress complexes will have mostly negative effects on ecosystem services, requiring costly responses to mitigate them and active management of forest ecosystems to enhance resilience. AU - Ayres, Matthew P. AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. AU - Kerns, Becky K. AU - McKenzie, Don AU - Littell, Jeremy S. AU - Band, Lawrence E. AU - Luce, Charles H. AU - Weed, Aaron S. AU - Raymond, Crystal L. C4 - 8e7f2510-99c0-43f4-9ccc-fa555ba65696 CY - Dordrecht DO - 10.1007/978-94-007-7515-2_4 PB - Springer Netherlands PY - 2014 SN - 978-94-007-7515-2 SP - 55-92 ST - Disturbance regimes and stressors T2 - Climate Change and United States Forests TI - Disturbance regimes and stressors ID - 25146 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ayres, Matthew P. AU - Lombardero, Marı́a J. DA - 2000/11/15/ DO - 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00528-3 IS - 3 KW - Climate change Herbivory Pathogens Forest epidemiology Risk assessment Disturbance PY - 2000 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 263-286 ST - Assessing the consequences of global change for forest disturbance from herbivores and pathogens T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Assessing the consequences of global change for forest disturbance from herbivores and pathogens VL - 262 ID - 24292 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Ayyub, Bilal M. C4 - 4e95de49-1f0e-4405-a3d6-12e1b682df0b CY - Boca Raton, FL ET - 2nd PB - Chapman and Hall/CRC PY - 2014 SN - 1466518251 978-1466518254 SP - 640 ST - Risk Analysis in Engineering and Economics TI - Risk Analysis in Engineering and Economics ID - 25601 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ayyub, Bilal M. DO - 10.1061/AJRUA6.0000826 IS - 3 PY - 2015 SP - 04015008 ST - Practical resilience metrics for planning, design, and decision making T2 - ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering TI - Practical resilience metrics for planning, design, and decision making VL - 1 ID - 25265 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Ayyub, Bilal M. AU - Klir, George J. C4 - 5785537b-9c64-474d-aa8a-b080a2142d46 CY - Boca Raton, FL PB - Chapman Hall/CRC PY - 2006 SN - 978-1584886440 1584886447 SP - 400 ST - Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis in Engineering and the Sciences TI - Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis in Engineering and the Sciences ID - 25602 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ayyub, Bilal M. AU - Wright, Richard N. DO - 10.4172/2167-0587.1000e118 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SP - e118 ST - Adaptive climate risk control of sustainability and resilience for infrastructure systems T2 - Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters TI - Adaptive climate risk control of sustainability and resilience for infrastructure systems VL - 6 ID - 25603 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Azevedo de Almeida, Beatriz AU - Mostafavi, Ali DO - 10.3390/su8111115 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SN - 2071-1050 SP - 1115 ST - Resilience of infrastructure systems to sea-level rise in coastal areas: Impacts, adaptation measures, and implementation challenges T2 - Sustainability TI - Resilience of infrastructure systems to sea-level rise in coastal areas: Impacts, adaptation measures, and implementation challenges VL - 8 ID - 26173 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aziz, Ramy K. AU - Khalifa, Mohammed M. AU - Sharaf, Radwa R. DA - 2015/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jare.2013.07.007 IS - 4 KW - Epidemiology Infectious diseases Climate change Water crisis PY - 2015 SN - 2090-1232 SP - 539-547 ST - Contaminated water as a source of Helicobacter pylori infection: A review T2 - Journal of Advanced Research TI - Contaminated water as a source of Helicobacter pylori infection: A review VL - 6 ID - 24144 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Azzara, Alyson J. AU - Wang, Haifeng AU - Rutherford, Daniel CY - Washington, DC PB - International Council on Clean Transportation PY - 2015 SP - 67 ST - A 10-Year Projection of Maritime Activity in the U.S. Arctic Region TI - A 10-Year Projection of Maritime Activity in the U.S. Arctic Region UR - https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/552557 ID - 22168 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Babadoost, Mohammad CY - Urbana-Champagne, IL NV - Report on Plant Disease RPD No. 950 PB - University of Illinois Extension PY - 2012 SP - 7 ST - The Fruit Rots of Pumpkin TI - The Fruit Rots of Pumpkin UR - http://extension.cropsciences.illinois.edu/fruitveg/pdfs/950_fruits_rots_pumpkin.pdf ID - 21252 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Blanco, Juan A2 - Kheradmand, Houshang AU - Babinszky, László AU - Halas, Veronika AU - Verstegen, Martin W. A. C4 - 3f7db557-5407-40cf-9078-d5be0f25ee0a CY - Rijeka, Croatia DO - 10.5772/23840 PB - InTech PY - 2011 SP - Ch. 10 ST - Impacts of climate change on animal production and quality of animal food products T2 - Climate Change—Socioeconomic Effects TI - Impacts of climate change on animal production and quality of animal food products Y2 - 2017-09-20 ID - 21253 ER - TY - MULTI AU - Baddour, Dylan KW - local public radio stations KUT Austin and KUHF Houston PB - Texas NPR PY - 2014 ST - During Drought, Once-Mighty Texas Rice Belt Fades Away T2 - StateImpact Texax TI - During Drought, Once-Mighty Texas Rice Belt Fades Away UR - https://stateimpact.npr.org/texas/2014/08/12/during-drought-once-mighty-texas-rice-belt-fades-away/ ID - 23288 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Badeck, Franz- W. AU - Bondeau, Alberte AU - Böttcher, Kristin AU - Doktor, Daniel AU - Lucht, Wolfgang AU - Schaber, Jörg AU - Sitch, Stephen DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01059.x IS - 2 PY - 2004 SN - 1469-8137 SP - 295-309 ST - Responses of spring phenology to climate change T2 - New Phytologist TI - Responses of spring phenology to climate change VL - 162 ID - 21634 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Badger, Tom AU - Kramer, Casey AU - Antapasis, John AU - Cotten, Mike PY - 2015 SP - 24-29 ST - The transportation impacts of—and response to—the SR-530 landslide disaster (Snohomish County, Washington State) T2 - TR News TI - The transportation impacts of—and response to—the SR-530 landslide disaster (Snohomish County, Washington State) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/trnews/trnews296.pdf VL - 296 ID - 26050 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Baenziger, P. Stephen AU - Mumm, Rita AU - Bernardo, Rex AU - Brummer, E. Charles AU - Langridge, Peter AU - Simon, Philipp AU - Smith, Stephen CY - Ames, IA NV - CAST Issue Paper 57 PB - Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) PY - 2017 SP - 24 ST - Plant Breeding and Genetics. A Paper in the Series on The Need for Agricultural Innovation to Sustainably Feed the World by 2050 TI - Plant Breeding and Genetics. A Paper in the Series on The Need for Agricultural Innovation to Sustainably Feed the World by 2050 UR - http://www.cast-science.org/publications/?plant_breeding_and_genetics&show=product&productID=284583 ID - 23602 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baggio, Jacopo A. AU - BurnSilver, Shauna B. AU - Arenas, Alex AU - Magdanz, James S. AU - Kofinas, Gary P. AU - De Domenico, Manlio DA - November 29, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1604401113 IS - 48 PY - 2016 SP - 13708-13713 ST - Multiplex social ecological network analysis reveals how social changes affect community robustness more than resource depletion T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Multiplex social ecological network analysis reveals how social changes affect community robustness more than resource depletion VL - 113 ID - 22169 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coral reef ecosystems are presently undergoing decline due to anthropogenic climate change. The chief detrimental factors are increased temperature and increased pCO2. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of these two stressors operating independently and in unison on the biological response of common Hawaiian reef corals. Manipulative experiments were performed using five species (Porites compressa, Pocillopora damicornis, Fungia scutaria, Montipora capitata, and Leptastrea purpurea) in a continuous-flow mesocosm system under natural sunlight conditions. Corals were grown together as a community under treatments of high temperature (2 °C above normal maximum summer temperature), high pCO2 (twice present-day conditions), and with both factors acting in unison. Control corals were grown under present-day pCO2 and at normal summer temperatures. Leptastrea purpurea proved to be an extremely hardy coral. No change in calcification or mortality occurred under treatments of high temperature, high pCO2, or combined high temperature–high pCO2. The remaining four species showed reduced calcification in the high-temperature treatment. Two species (L. purpurea and M. capitata) showed no response to increased pCO2. Also, high pCO2 ameliorated the negative effect of high temperature on the calcification rates of P. damicornis. Mortality was driven primarily by high temperature, with a negative synergistic effect in P. compressa only in the high-pCO2–high-temperature treatment. Results support the observation that biological response to temperature and pCO2 elevation is highly species-specific, so generalizations based on response of a single species might not apply to a diverse and complex coral reef community. AU - Bahr, Keisha D. AU - Jokiel, Paul L. AU - Rodgers, Ku’ulei S. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s00338-016-1405-4 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1432-0975 SP - 729-738 ST - Relative sensitivity of five Hawaiian coral species to high temperature under high-pCO2 conditions T2 - Coral Reefs TI - Relative sensitivity of five Hawaiian coral species to high temperature under high-pCO2 conditions VL - 35 ID - 24837 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fresh groundwater reserves on small coral islands are under continual threat of salinization and contamination because of droughts, storm-surge overwash events, over-extraction, island community urbanization, and sea level rise. Whereas storm-surge overwash events can cause sudden groundwater salinization, long-term changes in rainfall patterns and sea level elevation have the potential of rendering these islands uninhabitable in the coming decades. This study demonstrates the use of a tested freshwater lens thickness simulator to estimate the groundwater resources of a set of atoll islands in the coming decades. The method uses ranges of projected rates of annual rainfall and sea level rise (SLR) to provide a range of probable lens thickness for each island. Projected rainfall is provided by General Circulation Models that accurately replicate the historical rainfall patterns in the geographic region of the islands. Methodology is applied to 68 atoll islands in the Federated States of Micronesia. These islands have widths that range between 150 and 1000 m, and experience annual rainfall rates of between 2.8 and 4.8 m. Results indicate that under average conditions of SLR, beach slope, and rainfall, almost half of the island will experience a 20% decrease in lens thickness by the year 2050. For worst-case scenarios (high SLR, low rainfall), average decrease in lens thickness is 55%, with almost half of the islands experiencing a decrease of greater than 75% and half of the islands having a lens thickness less than 1.0 m. Small islands (widths less than 400 m) are particularly vulnerable because of shoreline recession. Groundwater on islands in the western region is less vulnerable to SLR because of a projected increase in rainfall during the coming decades. Results indicate the vulnerability of small islands to changing climatic conditions, and can be used for water resources management and community planning. Methodology can be applied to any group of islands as a first approximation of the effect of future climate conditions on groundwater resources. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. AU - Bailey, Ryan T. AU - Barnes, Kaitlyn AU - Wallace, Corey D. DA - 2016/06/30/ DO - 10.1002/hyp.10781 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 13 KW - groundwater atolls sea level rise LA - en PY - 2016 SN - 1099-1085 SP - 2092-2105 ST - Predicting future groundwater resources of coral atoll islands T2 - Hydrological Processes TI - Predicting future groundwater resources of coral atoll islands VL - 30 Y2 - 2017/09/23/02:04:49 ID - 22381 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bailey, Zinzi D. AU - Krieger, Nancy AU - Agénor, Madina AU - Graves, Jasmine AU - Linos, Natalia AU - Bassett, Mary T. DA - 2017/04/08/ DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X IS - 10077 PY - 2017 SN - 0140-6736 SP - 1453-1463 ST - Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: Evidence and interventions T2 - The Lancet TI - Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: Evidence and interventions VL - 389 ID - 25341 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baker, Andrew C. AU - Glynn, Peter W. AU - Riegl, Bernhard DA - 2008/12/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2008.09.003 IS - 4 KW - coral bleaching reefs zooxanthellae stress global warming conservation prediction forecast ecosystem recovery community PY - 2008 SN - 0272-7714 SP - 435-471 ST - Climate change and coral reef bleaching: An ecological assessment of long-term impacts, recovery trends and future outlook T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science TI - Climate change and coral reef bleaching: An ecological assessment of long-term impacts, recovery trends and future outlook VL - 80 ID - 24838 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baker, K. R. AU - Woody, M. C. AU - Tonnesen, G. S. AU - Hutzell, W. AU - Pye, H. O. T. AU - Beaver, M. R. AU - Pouliot, G. AU - Pierce, T. DA - 2016/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.032 KW - Wild fire Prescribed fire Photochemical model Ozone Particulate matter PY - 2016 SN - 1352-2310 SP - 539-554 ST - Contribution of regional-scale fire events to ozone and PM2.5 air quality estimated by photochemical modeling approaches T2 - Atmospheric Environment TI - Contribution of regional-scale fire events to ozone and PM2.5 air quality estimated by photochemical modeling approaches VL - 140 ID - 24276 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The development of Reimaanlok, a national framework for the planning and establishment of community-based conservation areas in the Marshall Islands, is outlined. A team composed of international experts and local resource management professionals selected and modified an ecoregional planning approach, defined key concepts, selected conservation features and targets, compiled biogeographical information from scientific and local knowledge and carried out a national-level ecological gap assessment. Past development of community-based fisheries and conservation plans was reviewed and the lessons learned informed the development of a robust community-based planning process for the design and establishment of conservation areas on individual atolls, integrating ecosystem based management (EBM) theory, traditional knowledge and management, and the particular socio-economic needs of island communities. While specific geographic, historical, cultural and economic characteristics of the Marshall Islands have created a framework that is unique, several aspects of this process offer ideas for national strategic conservation planning in other Small Island Developing States where there is a paucity of scientific data, significant and increasing threats, and where decision-making about the use of natural resources occurs primarily at the local level. AU - Baker, Nicole AU - Beger, Maria AU - McClennen, Caleb AU - Ishoda, Albon AU - Edwards, Florence DA - 2011 DO - 10.1155/2011/273034 LA - en PY - 2011 SP - 273034 ST - Reimaanlok: A national framework for conservation area planning in the Marshall Islands T2 - Journal of Marine Biology TI - Reimaanlok: A national framework for conservation area planning in the Marshall Islands VL - 2011 Y2 - 2017/09/22/23:18:37 ID - 22382 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baker-Austin, Craig AU - Trinanes, Joaquin AU - Gonzalez-Escalona, Narjol AU - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime DA - 2017/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.008 IS - 1 KW - climate change heatwave infectious diseases PY - 2017 SN - 0966-842X SP - 76-84 ST - Non-cholera vibrios: The microbial barometer of climate change T2 - Trends in Microbiology TI - Non-cholera vibrios: The microbial barometer of climate change VL - 25 ID - 25333 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment report concludes that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) could weaken substantially but is very unlikely to collapse in the 21st century. However, the assessment largely neglected Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass loss, lacked a comprehensive uncertainty analysis, and was limited to the 21st century. Here in a community effort, improved estimates of GrIS mass loss are included in multicentennial projections using eight state?of?the?science climate models, and an AMOC emulator is used to provide a probabilistic uncertainty assessment. We find that GrIS melting affects AMOC projections, even though it is of secondary importance. By years 2090?2100, the AMOC weakens by 18% [?3%, ?34%; 90% probability] in an intermediate greenhouse?gas mitigation scenario and by 37% [?15%, ?65%] under continued high emissions. Afterward, it stabilizes in the former but continues to decline in the latter to ?74% [+4%, ?100%] by 2290?2300, with a 44% likelihood of an AMOC collapse. This result suggests that an AMOC collapse can be avoided by CO2 mitigation. AU - Bakker, P. AU - Schmittner, A. AU - Lenaerts, J. T. M. AU - Abe‐Ouchi, A. AU - Bi, D. AU - Broeke, M. R. AU - Chan, W. ‐L AU - Hu, A. AU - Beadling, R. L. AU - Marsland, S. J. AU - Mernild, S. H. AU - Saenko, O. A. AU - Swingedouw, D. AU - Sullivan, A. AU - Yin, J. DA - 2016/12/16 DO - 10.1002/2016GL070457 IS - 23 KW - Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation climate change general circulation model PY - 2016 SN - 0094-8276 SP - 12,252-12,260 ST - Fate of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Strong decline under continued warming and Greenland melting T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Fate of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Strong decline under continued warming and Greenland melting VL - 43 Y2 - 2018/05/08 ID - 25410 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ecosystem productivity in coastal ocean upwelling systems is threatened by climate change. Increases in spring and summer upwelling intensity, and associated increases in the rate of offshore advection, are expected. While this could counter effects of habitat warming, it could also lead to more frequent hypoxic events and lower densities of suitable-sized food particles for fish larvae. With upwelling intensification, ocean acidity will rise, affecting organisms with carbonate structures. Regardless of changes in upwelling, near-surface stratification, turbulent diffusion rates, source water origins, and perhaps thermocline depths associated with large-scale climate episodes (ENSO) maybe affected. Major impacts on pelagic fish resources appear unlikely unless couples with overfishing, although changes toward more subtropical community composition are likely. Marine mammals and seabirds that are tied to sparsely distributed nesting or resting grounds could experience difficulties in obtaining prey resources, or adaptively respond by moving to more favorable biogeographic provinces. AU - Bakun, A. AU - Black, B. A. AU - Bograd, S. J. AU - García-Reyes, M. AU - Miller, A. J. AU - Rykaczewski, R. R. AU - Sydeman, W. J. DO - 10.1007/s40641-015-0008-4 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 2198-6061 SP - 85-93 ST - Anticipated effects of climate change on coastal upwelling ecosystems T2 - Current Climate Change Reports TI - Anticipated effects of climate change on coastal upwelling ecosystems VL - 1 ID - 20429 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Balafoutis, Athanasios AU - Beck, Bert AU - Fountas, Spyros AU - Vangeyte, Jurgen AU - Wal, Tamme AU - Soto, Iria AU - Gómez-Barbero, Manuel AU - Barnes, Andrew AU - Eory, Vera DO - 10.3390/su9081339 IS - 8 PY - 2017 SN - 2071-1050 SP - 1339 ST - Precision agriculture technologies positively contributing to GHG emissions mitigation, farm productivity and economics T2 - Sustainability TI - Precision agriculture technologies positively contributing to GHG emissions mitigation, farm productivity and economics VL - 9 ID - 25581 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Balbus, John AU - Crimmins, Allison AU - Gamble, Janet L. AU - Easterling, David R. AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Sarofim, Marcus C. C4 - 6b118a80-8335-4c02-91cf-762c8bb14301 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0VX0DFW PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 25–42 ST - Ch. 1: Introduction: Climate change and human health T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 1: Introduction: Climate change and human health ID - 19373 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While it has been recognized that actions reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can have significant positive and negative impacts on human health through reductions in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations, these impacts are rarely taken into account when analyzing specific policies. This study presents a new framework for estimating the change in health outcomes resulting from implementation of specific carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction activities, allowing comparison of different sectors and options for climate mitigation activities. Our estimates suggest that in the year 2020, the reductions in adverse health outcomes from lessened exposure to PM2.5 would yield economic benefits in the range of $6 to $30 billion (in 2008 USD), depending on the specific activity. This equates to between $40 and $198 per metric ton of CO2 in health benefits. Specific climate interventions will vary in the health co-benefits they provide as well as in potential harms that may result from their implementation. Rigorous assessment of these health impacts is essential for guiding policy decisions as efforts to reduce GHG emissions increase in scope and intensity. AU - Balbus, John M. AU - Greenblatt, Jeffery B. AU - Chari, Ramya AU - Millstein, Dev AU - Ebi, Kristie L. DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1262-5 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 199-210 ST - A wedge-based approach to estimating health co-benefits of climate change mitigation activities in the United States T2 - Climatic Change TI - A wedge-based approach to estimating health co-benefits of climate change mitigation activities in the United States VL - 127 ID - 23716 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The economic and ecological costs of wildfire in the United States have risen substantially in recent decades. Although climate change has likely enabled a portion of the increase in wildfire activity, the direct role of people in increasing wildfire activity has been largely overlooked. We evaluate over 1.5 million government records of wildfires that had to be extinguished or managed by state or federal agencies from 1992 to 2012, and examined geographic and seasonal extents of human-ignited wildfires relative to lightning-ignited wildfires. Humans have vastly expanded the spatial and seasonal “fire niche” in the coterminous United States, accounting for 84% of all wildfires and 44% of total area burned. During the 21-y time period, the human-caused fire season was three times longer than the lightning-caused fire season and added an average of 40,000 wildfires per year across the United States. Human-started wildfires disproportionally occurred where fuel moisture was higher than lightning-started fires, thereby helping expand the geographic and seasonal niche of wildfire. Human-started wildfires were dominant (>80% of ignitions) in over 5.1 million km2, the vast majority of the United States, whereas lightning-started fires were dominant in only 0.7 million km2, primarily in sparsely populated areas of the mountainous western United States. Ignitions caused by human activities are a substantial driver of overall fire risk to ecosystems and economies. Actions to raise awareness and increase management in regions prone to human-started wildfires should be a focus of United States policy to reduce fire risk and associated hazards. AU - Balch, Jennifer K. AU - Bradley, Bethany A. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Nagy, R. Chelsea AU - Fusco, Emily J. AU - Mahood, Adam L. DA - March 14, 2017 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1617394114 IS - 11 PY - 2017 SP - 2946-2951 ST - Human-started wildfires expand the fire niche across the United States T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Human-started wildfires expand the fire niche across the United States VL - 114 ID - 22012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Balch, Jennifer K. AU - Bradley, Bethany A. AU - D'Antonio, Carla M. AU - Gómez-Dans, José DO - 10.1111/gcb.12046 IS - 1 KW - Bromus tectorum exotic grasses fire frequency grass-fire cycle invasive species MODIS burned-area product satellite-based fire data PY - 2013 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 173-183 ST - Introduced annual grass increases regional fire activity across the arid western USA (1980–2009) T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Introduced annual grass increases regional fire activity across the arid western USA (1980–2009) VL - 19 ID - 23717 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this paper, we examine how the complexities introduced by trends in agricultural productivity and climate change affect the future of global food security. We use a partial equilibrium model of global agriculture incorporating a food security module that links changes in the average dietary energy intake to shifts in the full caloric distribution, allowing us to compute changes in the incidence, headcount and average depth of malnutrition. After validating the model against an historical period, we implement a series of future scenarios to understand the impacts of key exogenous drivers on selected food security outcomes. Our results show improvements in global food security for the period 2006–2050. Despite growing population and increased biofuel demand, baseline income growth, coupled with projected increases in agricultural productivity lead to a 24 per cent rise in global average dietary energy intake. Consequently, the incidence of malnutrition falls by 84 per cent, lifting more than half a billion people out of extreme hunger. However, these results hinge heavily on agricultural productivity growth. Without such growth, there could be a substantial setback on food security improvements. Climate change adds uncertainty to these projections, depending critically on the crop yield impacts of increasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. AU - Baldos, Uris Lantz C. AU - Hertel, Thomas W. DO - 10.1111/1467-8489.12048 IS - 4 PY - 2014 SP - 554-570 ST - Global food security in 2050: The role of agricultural productivity and climate change T2 - Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics TI - Global food security in 2050: The role of agricultural productivity and climate change VL - 58 ID - 25744 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Baldwin, Cathy AU - King, Robin CY - Oxford, UK KW - added by ERG PB - Oxford Brookes University PY - 2017 SP - 103 ST - What About the People? The Socially Sustainable, Resilient Community and Urban Development TI - What About the People? The Socially Sustainable, Resilient Community and Urban Development UR - http://be.brookes.ac.uk/research/iag/resources/what-about-the-people.pdf ID - 23168 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Ballweg, Julie CY - Madison, WI PB - Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources PY - 2016 SP - 1 ST - Forest Economy Wisconsin TI - Forest Economy Wisconsin UR - http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/ForestBusinesses/documents/factSheets/FactSheetWisconsin.pdf ID - 21262 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Egg deposition by the intertidal spawning fish Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) was compared among six shoreline types (Spartina alterniflora, Phragmites australis, sandy beach, riprap, riprap-sill, and bulkhead) and various substrates. In spring 2010, M. menidia egg density was measured daily near Roosevelt Inlet, Delaware Bay, USA. Over 3,000,000 eggs were collected during 50 sampling days. Eggs were deposited at all six shoreline types, with >93 % of eggs collected from S. alterniflora shorelines. Choice of substrate for egg attachment was similar across shoreline types with >91 % of eggs collected from filaments of the green alga Enteromorpha spp., a disproportionately high utilization rate in comparison with Enteromorpha spp.'s relative coverage. This study demonstrates that S. alterniflora shoreline, in association with Enteromorpha spp., is the preferred spawning habitat for M. menidia and that hardened shorelines and shorelines inhabited by P. australis support substantially reduced egg densities. AU - Balouskus, Richard G. AU - Targett, Timothy E. DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s12237-012-9495-x IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1559-2731 SP - 1100-1109 ST - Egg deposition by Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia: Substrate utilization and comparison of natural and altered shoreline type T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - Egg deposition by Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia: Substrate utilization and comparison of natural and altered shoreline type VL - 35 ID - 21865 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bamber, J. L. AU - Aspinall, W. P. DA - 04//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate1778 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X SP - 424-427 ST - An expert judgement assessment of future sea level rise from the ice sheets T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - An expert judgement assessment of future sea level rise from the ice sheets VL - 3 ID - 20776 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bancroft, June AU - Byster, Leslie CY - Portland, OR PB - Oregon Health Authority PY - 2017 SP - 132 ST - Selected Reportable Communicable Disease Summary TI - Selected Reportable Communicable Disease Summary UR - https://www.oregon.gov/OHA/PH/DISEASESCONDITIONS/COMMUNICABLEDISEASE/DISEASESURVEILLANCEDATA/ANNUALREPORTS/Documents/2015/arpt15.pdf ID - 26497 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Introduction In the foothills of the Cumberland Mountains, in central Appalachia (a region that spans 13 states in the US), sits an economically distressed and rural community of the United States. Once a thriving coal-mining area, this region now is reported as one of the hardest places to live in the US. Southeastern Kentucky, located in a remote, rocky, mountainous area surrounded by rivers and valleys and prone to flooding, experienced a major flood in Spring 2013 causing significant damage to homes and critical infrastructure. Purpose Aims of the study were to: (1) identify and better understand the contextual variables compounding the impact of a disaster event that occurred in Spring 2013; (2) identify ways participants managed antecedent circumstances, risk, and protective factors to cope with disaster up to 12 months post-event; and (3) further determine implications for community-focused interventions that may enhance recovery for vulnerable populations to promote greater outcomes of adaptation, wellness, and readiness. Methods Using an ethnographic mixed-methods approach, an inter-collaborative team conducted face-to-face interviews with (N=12) Appalachian residents about their disaster experience, documented observations and visual assessment of need on an observation tool, and used photography depicting structural and environmental conditions. A Health and Emergency Preparedness Assessment Survey Tool was used to collect demographic, health, housing, environment, and disaster readiness assessment data. Community stakeholders facilitated purposeful sampling through coordination of scheduled home visits. Results Triangulation of all data sources provided evidence that the community had unique coping strategies related to faith and spirituality, cultural values and heritage, and social support to manage antecedent circumstances, risk, and protective factors during times of adversity that, in turn, enhanced resilience up to 12 months post-disaster. The community was found to have an innate capacity to persevere and utilize resources to manage and transcend adversity and restore equilibrium, which reflected components of resilience that deserve greater recognition and appreciation. Conclusion Resilience is a foundational concept for disaster science. A model of resilience for the rural Appalachia community was developed to visually depict the encompassing element of community-based interventions that may enhance coping strategies, mitigate risk factors, integrate protective factors, and strengthen access. Community-based interventions are recommended to strengthen resilience, yielding improved outcomes of adaptation, health and wellness, and disaster readiness. Banks LH , Davenport LA , Hayes MH , McArthur MA , Toro SN , King CE , Vazirani HM . Disaster Impact on Impoverished Area of US: An Inter-Professional Mixed Method Study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(6):583–592. AU - Banks, Linda H. AU - Davenport, Lisa A. AU - Hayes, Meghan H. AU - McArthur, Moriah A. AU - Toro, Stacey N. AU - King, Cameron E. AU - Vazirani, Hazel M. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1049023X1600090X DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 09/19 IS - 6 KW - disaster flooding resilience rural Appalachia vulnerability PY - 2016 SN - 1049-023X SP - 583-592 ST - Disaster impact on impoverished area of US: An inter-professional mixed method study T2 - Prehospital and Disaster Medicine TI - Disaster impact on impoverished area of US: An inter-professional mixed method study VL - 31 ID - 24143 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Banner, Jay L. AU - Jackson, Charles S. AU - Yang, Zong-Liang AU - Hayhoe, Katharine AU - Woodhouse, Connie AU - Gulden, Lindsey AU - Jacobs, Kathy AU - North, Gerald AU - Leung, Ruby AU - Washington, Warren AU - Jiang, Xiaoyan AU - Castell, Richard IS - 1 PY - 2010 SP - 1-19 ST - Climate change impacts on Texas water: A white paper assessment of the past, present and future and recommendations for action T2 - Texas Water Journal TI - Climate change impacts on Texas water: A white paper assessment of the past, present and future and recommendations for action UR - https://journals.tdl.org/twj/index.php/twj/article/view/1043 VL - 1 ID - 23294 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barange, M. AU - Merino, G. AU - Blanchard, J. L. AU - Scholtens, J. AU - Harle, J. AU - Allison, E. H. AU - Allen, J. I. AU - Holt, J. AU - Jennings, S. DA - 02/23/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2119 PY - 2014 SP - 211-216 ST - Impacts of climate change on marine ecosystem production in societies dependent on fisheries T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Impacts of climate change on marine ecosystem production in societies dependent on fisheries VL - 4 ID - 24839 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Barbeaux, Steven AU - Aydin, Kerim AU - Fissel, Ben AU - Holsman, Krirstin AU - Palsson, Wwyne AU - Shotwell, Kalei AU - Yang, Qiong AU - Zador, Stephani C4 - e950a4ad-cf0c-4d55-9c68-1c358c2082ec PB - North Pacific Fishery Management Council PY - 2017 SP - 189-332 ST - Assessment of the Pacific cod stock in the Gulf of Alaska T2 - NPFMC Gulf of Alaska SAFE (Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation) [council draft] TI - Assessment of the Pacific cod stock in the Gulf of Alaska UR - https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/refm/stocks/plan_team/2017/GOApcod.pdf ID - 25485 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barbero, R. AU - Abatzoglou, J.T. AU - Larkin, N.K. AU - Kolden, C.A. AU - Stocks, B. DO - 10.1071/WF15083 PY - 2015 ST - Climate change presents increased potential for very large fires in the contiguous United States T2 - International Journal of Wildland Fire TI - Climate change presents increased potential for very large fires in the contiguous United States ID - 19295 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Very large-fires (VLFs) have widespread impacts on ecosystems, air quality, fire suppression resources, and in many regions account for a majority of total area burned. Empirical generalized linear models of the largest fires (>5000 ha) across the contiguous United States (US) were developed at ∼60 km spatial and weekly temporal resolutions using solely atmospheric predictors. Climate−fire relationships on interannual timescales were evident, with wetter conditions than normal in the previous growing season enhancing VLFs probability in rangeland systems and with concurrent long-term drought enhancing VLFs probability in forested systems. Information at sub-seasonal timescales further refined these relationships, with short-term fire weather being a significant predictor in rangelands and fire danger indices linked to dead fuel moisture being a significant predictor in forested lands. Models demonstrated agreement in capturing the observed spatial and temporal variability including the interannual variability of VLF occurrences within most ecoregions. Furthermore the model captured the observed increase in VLF occurrences across parts of the southwestern and southeastern US from 1984 to 2010 suggesting that, irrespective of changes in fuels and land management, climatic factors have become more favorable for VLF occurrence over the past three decades in some regions. Our modeling framework provides a basis for simulations of future VLF occurrences from climate projections. AU - Barbero, R. AU - Abatzoglou, J. T. AU - Steel, E. A. AU - Larkin, Narasimhan K. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/9/12/124009 IS - 12 PY - 2014 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 124009 ST - Modeling very large-fire occurrences over the continental United States from weather and climate forcing T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Modeling very large-fire occurrences over the continental United States from weather and climate forcing VL - 9 ID - 24275 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coastal and marine ecosystems (CMEs) generate some of the most important services to humankind, but they are endangered from overexploitation and loss. The widespread decline in CME services suggests that it is important to understand what is at stake in terms of the critical benefits and values of these services. This article examines how environmental and resource economics has contributed to our knowledge of CME services and discusses progress as well as challenges in valuing these services. The article highlights case studies in which the economic valuation of key CME services has influenced policy decisions concerning the management of CMEs. Two key features of CME benefits are also examined. First, the natural spatial variability in these systems can influence the economic value of CME services. Second, because they occur at the interface between watersheds, the coast, and open water, CMEs can produce cumulative and synergistic benefits across the entire seascape that are much more significant and unique than the services provided by any single ecosystem. AU - Barbier, Edward B. DO - 10.1093/reep/rer017 IS - 1 N1 - 10.1093/reep/rer017 PY - 2012 SN - 1750-6816 SP - 1-19 ST - Progress and challenges in valuing coastal and marine ecosystem services T2 - Review of Environmental Economics and Policy TI - Progress and challenges in valuing coastal and marine ecosystem services VL - 6 ID - 21863 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barbier, Edward B. DO - 10.1126/science.1254629 IS - 6202 PY - 2014 SP - 1250-1251 ST - A global strategy for protecting vulnerable coastal populations T2 - Science TI - A global strategy for protecting vulnerable coastal populations VL - 345 ID - 24045 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 have spurred global interest in the role of coastal wetlands and vegetation in reducing storm surge and flood damages. Evidence that coastal wetlands reduce storm surge and attenuate waves is often cited in support of restoring Gulf Coast wetlands to protect coastal communities and property from hurricane damage. Yet interdisciplinary studies combining hydrodynamic and economic analysis to explore this relationship for temperate marshes in the Gulf are lacking. By combining hydrodynamic analysis of simulated hurricane storm surges and economic valuation of expected property damages, we show that the presence of coastal marshes and their vegetation has a demonstrable effect on reducing storm surge levels, thus generating significant values in terms of protecting property in southeast Louisiana. Simulations for four storms along a sea to land transect show that surge levels decline with wetland continuity and vegetation roughness. Regressions confirm that wetland continuity and vegetation along the transect are effective in reducing storm surge levels. A 0.1 increase in wetland continuity per meter reduces property damages for the average affected area analyzed in southeast Louisiana, which includes New Orleans, by $99-$133, and a 0.001 increase in vegetation roughness decreases damages by $24-$43. These reduced damages are equivalent to saving 3 to 5 and 1 to 2 properties per storm for the average area, respectively. AU - Barbier, Edward B. AU - Georgiou, Ioannis Y. AU - Enchelmeyer, Brian AU - Reed, Denise J. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0058715 IS - 3 PY - 2013 SP - e58715 ST - The value of wetlands in protecting southeast Louisiana from hurricane storm surges T2 - PLOS ONE TI - The value of wetlands in protecting southeast Louisiana from hurricane storm surges VL - 8 ID - 24044 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barbier, Edward B. AU - Hacker, Sally D. AU - Kennedy, Chris AU - Koch, Evamaria W. AU - Stier, Adrian C. AU - Silliman, Brian R. C6 - NCA DA - 2011/05/01 DO - 10.1890/10-1510.1 IS - 2 PY - 2011 SN - 0012-9615 SP - 169-193 ST - The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services T2 - Ecological Monographs TI - The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services VL - 81 Y2 - 2013/07/29 ID - 12560 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A common assumption is that ecosystem services respond linearly to changes in habitat size. This assumption leads frequently to an “all or none” choice of either preserving coastal habitats or converting them to human use. However, our survey of wave attenuation data from field studies of mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass beds, nearshore coral reefs, and sand dunes reveals that these relationships are rarely linear. By incorporating nonlinear wave attenuation in estimating coastal protection values of mangroves in Thailand, we show that the optimal land use option may instead be the integration of development and conservation consistent with ecosystem-based management goals. This result suggests that reconciling competing demands on coastal habitats should not always result in stark preservation-versus-conversion choices.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/319/5861/321.full.pdf AU - Barbier, Edward B. AU - Koch, Evamaria W. AU - Silliman, Brian R. AU - Hacker, Sally D. AU - Wolanski, Eric AU - Primavera, Jurgenne AU - Granek, Elise F. AU - Polasky, Stephen AU - Aswani, Shankar AU - Cramer, Lori A. AU - Stoms, David M. AU - Kennedy, Chris J. AU - Bael, David AU - Kappel, Carrie V. AU - Perillo, Gerardo M. E. AU - Reed, Denise J. DO - 10.1126/science.1150349 IS - 5861 PY - 2008 SP - 321-323 ST - Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values T2 - Science TI - Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values VL - 319 ID - 21864 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barbose, Galen AU - Wiser, Ryan AU - Heeter, Jenny AU - Mai, Trieu AU - Bird, Lori AU - Bolinger, Mark AU - Carpenter, Alberta AU - Heath, Garvin AU - Keyser, David AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Mills, Andrew AU - Millstein, Dev DA - 2016/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2016.06.035 KW - Renewable energy RPS Renewable portfolio standard Greenhouse gas, air pollution, water use PY - 2016 SN - 0301-4215 SP - 645-660 ST - A retrospective analysis of benefits and impacts of U.S. renewable portfolio standards T2 - Energy Policy TI - A retrospective analysis of benefits and impacts of U.S. renewable portfolio standards VL - 96 ID - 23718 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Barbose, Galen L. CY - Berkeley, CA NV - LBNL-1005057 PB - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory PY - 2016 ST - U.S. Renewables Portfolio Standards 2016 Annual Status Report TI - U.S. Renewables Portfolio Standards 2016 Annual Status Report UR - https://emp.lbl.gov/projects/renewables-portfolio/ ID - 24501 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Barbose, Galen L. AU - Darghouth, Naïm R. CY - Berkeley, CA NV - LBNL-1006036 PB - Berkeley Lab PY - 2016 SP - 52 ST - Tracking the Sun IX: The Installed Price of Residential and Non-Residential Photovoltaic Systems in the United States TI - Tracking the Sun IX: The Installed Price of Residential and Non-Residential Photovoltaic Systems in the United States UR - https://emp.lbl.gov/publications/tracking-sun-ix-installed-price ID - 21336 ER - TY - THES A3 - Lemos, Maria Carmen AU - Barclay, Pamela AU - Bastoni, Cara AU - Eisenhauer, David AU - Hassan, Masooma AU - Lopez, Melody AU - Mekias, Leila AU - Ramachandran, Sundeep AU - Stock, Ryan CY - Ann Arbor, MI PB - University of Michigan PY - 2013 SP - 99 ST - Climate Change Adaptation in Great Lakes Cities T2 - Natural Resources and Environment TI - Climate Change Adaptation in Great Lakes Cities UR - http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97435 VL - M.Sc. project ID - 25926 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barker, David DO - 10.1353/crb.2012.0027 IS - 2 PY - 2012 SP - 41-61 ST - Caribbean agriculture in a period of global change: Vulnerabilities and opportunities T2 - Caribbean Studies TI - Caribbean agriculture in a period of global change: Vulnerabilities and opportunities VL - 40 ID - 25070 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Barker, Steve CY - Oklahoma City PB - Oklahoma Department of Commerce PY - 2012 SP - 184 ST - 2012 Demographic State of the State Report: Oklahoma State and County Population Projections Through 2075 TI - 2012 Demographic State of the State Report: Oklahoma State and County Population Projections Through 2075 UR - https://okcommerce.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Population_Projections_Report-2012.pdf ID - 25791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In Palau, calcification rates of two reef-building coral genera (Porites and Favia) are maintained across a strong natural gradient in aragonite saturation state (Ωar) ranging from 3.7 to 2.3. This observation contrasts the strong sensitivity to decreasing Ωar that these genera demonstrate in both laboratory CO2 manipulation experiments and in field studies. Moreover, in contrast to other naturally more acidic coral reefs, benthic communities in Palau's low-Ωar (Ωar = 2.3) Rock Island reefs display ecological indices consistent with healthy communities. A laboratory CO2 manipulation experiment and a field-based reciprocal transplant were used to investigate whether the apparent lack of sensitivity to ocean acidification of Palau's Porites corals can be attributed to local adaptation to chronic acidification or to environmental factors that allow corals to thrive despite extreme pH conditions. In a two-month laboratory incubation, calcification rates of Palau Porites from both environments were insensitive to changes in Ωar over the range 1.5 to 3.0, suggestive of an adaptive, rather than environmental, mechanism for acidification tolerance. However, in the reciprocal transplant, corals transplanted between reefs at different ambient Ωar levels showed significant declines in calcification rates and high mortality, while corals returned back to their reef of origin were alive after 17 months in the field. Interpreted within the framework of the experimental result, the failure of pH/Ωar-tolerant corals to successfully transplant between different reef sites hints at local adaptation to other (non-pH) environmental factors such as light, temperature, and/or flow that co-vary with Ωar across Palau's natural acidification gradient. AU - Barkley, Hannah C. AU - Cohen, Anne L. AU - McCorkle, Daniel C. AU - Golbuu, Yimnang DA - 2017/04// DO - 10.1016/j.jembe.2017.01.003 DP - ScienceDirect KW - Adaptation Palau Ocean acidification Calcification Corals Reciprocal transplant PY - 2017 SN - 0022-0981 SP - 7-14 ST - Mechanisms and thresholds for pH tolerance in Palau corals T2 - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology TI - Mechanisms and thresholds for pH tolerance in Palau corals VL - 489 Y2 - 2017/09/23/02:08:58 ID - 22383 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barnard, Patrick L. AU - Hoover, Daniel AU - Hubbard, David M. AU - Snyder, Alex AU - Ludka, Bonnie C. AU - Allan, Jonathan AU - Kaminsky, George M. AU - Ruggiero, Peter AU - Gallien, Timu W. AU - Gabel, Laura AU - McCandless, Diana AU - Weiner, Heather M. AU - Cohn, Nicholas AU - Anderson, Dylan L. AU - Serafin, Katherine A. DA - 02/14/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms14365 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 14365 ST - Extreme oceanographic forcing and coastal response due to the 2015–2016 El Niño T2 - Nature Communications TI - Extreme oceanographic forcing and coastal response due to the 2015–2016 El Niño VL - 8 ID - 24689 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To predict future coastal hazards, it is important to quantify any links between climate drivers and spatial patterns of coastal change. However, most studies of future coastal vulnerability do not account for the dynamic components of coastal water levels during storms, notably wave-driven processes, storm surges and seasonal water level anomalies, although these components can add metres to water levels during extreme events. Here we synthesize multi-decadal, co-located data assimilated between 1979 and 2012 that describe wave climate, local water levels and coastal change for 48 beaches throughout the Pacific Ocean basin. We find that observed coastal erosion across the Pacific varies most closely with El Nino/Southern Oscillation, with a smaller influence from the Southern Annular Mode and the Pacific North American pattern. In the northern and southern Pacific Ocean, regional wave and water level anomalies are significantly correlated to a suite of climate indices, particularly during boreal winter; conditions in the northeast Pacific Ocean are often opposite to those in the western and southern Pacific. We conclude that, if projections for an increasing frequency of extreme El Nino and La Nina events over the twenty-first century are confirmed, then populated regions on opposite sides of the Pacific Ocean basin could be alternately exposed to extreme coastal erosion and flooding, independent of sea-level rise. AU - Barnard, Patrick L. AU - Short, Andrew D. AU - Harley, Mitchell D. AU - Splinter, Kristen D. AU - Vitousek, Sean AU - Turner, Ian L. AU - Allan, Jonathan AU - Banno, Masayuki AU - Bryan, Karin R. AU - Doria, Andre AU - Hansen, Jeff E. AU - Kato, Shigeru AU - Kuriyama, Yoshiaki AU - Randall-Goodwin, Evan AU - Ruggiero, Peter AU - Walker, Ian J. AU - Heathfield, Derek K. DA - 10//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo2539 IS - 10 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 801-807 ST - Coastal vulnerability across the Pacific dominated by El Niño/Southern Oscillation T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Coastal vulnerability across the Pacific dominated by El Niño/Southern Oscillation VL - 8 ID - 19902 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barnes, Christopher A. AU - Roy, David P. DO - 10.1029/2008GL033567 IS - 9 KW - land cover land use albedo change radiative forcing United States 1637 Regional climate change 1632 Land cover change 1640 Remote sensing PY - 2008 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L09706 ST - Radiative forcing over the conterminous United States due to contemporary land cover land use albedo change T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Radiative forcing over the conterminous United States due to contemporary land cover land use albedo change VL - 35 ID - 22681 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This work documents how the midlatitude, eddy-driven jets respond to climate change using model output from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The authors consider separately the North Atlantic, the North Pacific, and the Southern Hemisphere jets. The analysis is not limited to annual-mean changes in the latitude and speed of the jets, but also explores how the variability of each jet changes with increased greenhouse gases.All jets are found to migrate poleward with climate change: the Southern Hemisphere jet shifts poleward by 2° of latitude between the historical period and the end of the twenty-first century in the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, whereas both Northern Hemisphere jets shift by only 1°. In addition, the speed of the Southern Hemisphere jet is found to increase markedly (by 1.2 m s−1 between 850 and 700 hPa), while the speed remains nearly constant for both jets in the Northern Hemisphere.More importantly, it is found that the patterns of jet variability are a strong function of the jet position in all three sectors of the globe, and as the jets shift poleward the patterns of variability change. Specifically, for the Southern Hemisphere and the North Atlantic jets, the variability becomes less of a north–south wobbling and more of a pulsing (i.e., variation in jet speed). In contrast, for the North Pacific jet, the variability becomes less of a pulsing and more of a north–south wobbling. These different responses can be understood in terms of Rossby wave breaking, allowing the authors to explain most of the projected jet changes within a single dynamical framework. AU - Barnes, Elizabeth A. AU - Polvani, Lorenzo DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00536.1 IS - 18 KW - Annular mode,Rossby waves,Climate variability,Climate models,North Atlantic Oscillation,Trends PY - 2013 SP - 7117-7135 ST - Response of the midlatitude jets, and of their variability, to increased greenhouse gases in the CMIP5 models T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Response of the midlatitude jets, and of their variability, to increased greenhouse gases in the CMIP5 models VL - 26 ID - 19593 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent studies have hypothesized that Arctic amplification, the enhanced warming of the Arctic region compared to the rest of the globe, will cause changes in midlatitude weather over the twenty-first century. This study exploits the recently completed phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and examines 27 state-of-the-art climate models to determine if their projected changes in the midlatitude circulation are consistent with the hypothesized impact of Arctic amplification over North America and the North Atlantic.Under the largest future greenhouse forcing (RCP8.5), it is found that every model, in every season, exhibits Arctic amplification by 2100. At the same time, the projected circulation responses are either opposite in sign to those hypothesized or too widely spread among the models to discern any robust change. However, in a few seasons and for some of the circulation metrics examined, correlations are found between the model spread in Arctic amplification and the model spread in the projected circulation changes. Therefore, while the CMIP5 models offer some evidence that future Arctic warming may be able to modulate some aspects of the midlatitude circulation response in some seasons, the analysis herein leads to the conclusion that the net circulation response in the future is unlikely to be determined solely—or even primarily—by Arctic warming according to the sequence of events recently hypothesized. AU - Barnes, Elizabeth A. AU - Polvani, Lorenzo M. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-14-00589.1 IS - 13 KW - Atmospheric circulation,Blocking,Jets,Climate change,Climate models,Climate variability PY - 2015 SP - 5254-5271 ST - CMIP5 projections of arctic amplification, of the North American/North Atlantic circulation, and of their relationship T2 - Journal of Climate TI - CMIP5 projections of arctic amplification, of the North American/North Atlantic circulation, and of their relationship VL - 28 ID - 23315 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barnes, Mark DO - 10.1111/gec3.12246 IS - 11 PY - 2015 SN - 1749-8198 SP - 604-616 ST - Transit systems and ridership under extreme weather and climate change stress: An urban transportation agenda for hazards geography T2 - Geography Compass TI - Transit systems and ridership under extreme weather and climate change stress: An urban transportation agenda for hazards geography VL - 9 ID - 24532 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barnett, J. DA - 2011 DO - 10.1007/s10113-010-0160-2 KW - Small Islands Agriculture Fisheries Development Vulnerability CORAL-REEFS ADAPTATION IMPACTS POLICY OCEAN FISH Environmental Sciences Environmental Studies Environmental Sciences & Ecology PY - 2011 SN - 1436-3798 SP - S229-S237 ST - Dangerous climate change in the Pacific Islands: Food production and food security T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - Dangerous climate change in the Pacific Islands: Food production and food security VL - 11 ID - 22384 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barnett, Jon AU - Adger, W. Neil C6 - NCA DO - 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000004559.08755.88 IS - 3 PY - 2003 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 321-337 ST - Climate dangers and atoll countries T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate dangers and atoll countries VL - 61 ID - 12564 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is increasingly been called a ‘security’ problem, and there has been speculation that climate change may increase the risk of violent conflict. This paper integrates three disparate but well-founded bodies of research – on the vulnerability of local places and social groups to climate change, on livelihoods and violent conflict, and the role of the state in development and peacemaking, to offer new insights into the relationships between climate change, human security, and violent conflict. It explains that climate change increasingly undermines human security in the present day, and will increasingly do so in the future, by reducing access to, and the quality of, natural resources that are important to sustain livelihoods. Climate change is also likely to undermine the capacity of states to provide the opportunities and services that help people to sustain their livelihoods. We argue that in certain circumstances these direct and indirect impacts of climate change on human security may in turn increase the risk of violent conflict. The paper then outlines the broad contours of a research programme to guide empirical investigations into the risks climate change poses to human security and peace. AU - Barnett, Jon AU - Adger, W. Neil DA - 2007/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.03.003 DP - ScienceDirect IS - 6 KW - climate change Human security state functions Violent conflict PY - 2007 SN - 0962-6298 SP - 639-655 ST - Climate change, human security and violent conflict T2 - Political Geography T3 - Climate Change and Conflict TI - Climate change, human security and violent conflict VL - 26 ID - 22385 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Barnett, J. A2 - Busse, M. AU - Barnett, Jon AU - Busse, Mark AU - Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research C1 - Christchurch C4 - 97828796-9b7a-44d9-8d67-f4e2fc210fe0 CY - Christchurch, NZ PB - Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies PY - 2002 SN - 9781877175077 SP - 75-77 ST - Conclusions on resilience to climate variability in Pacific Island countries T2 - Proceedings of the APN Workshop on Ethnographic Perspectives on Resilience to Climate Variability in Pacific Island Countries, Apia, Samoa, December 2001 TI - Conclusions on resilience to climate variability in Pacific Island countries ID - 22386 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Resettlement of people living on islands in anticipation of climate impacts risks maladaptation, but some forms of population movement carry fewer risks and larger rewards in terms of adapting to climate change. AU - Barnett, Jon AU - O'Neill, Saffron J. DA - 2012/01// DO - 10.1038/nclimate1334 DP - www.nature.com IS - 1 KW - Climate-change adaptation Climate-change impacts LA - en PY - 2012 SN - 1758-678X SP - 8-10 ST - Islands, resettlement and adaptation T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Islands, resettlement and adaptation VL - 2 Y2 - 2017/09/22/21:26:41 ID - 22387 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Observations have shown that the hydrological cycle of the western United States changed significantly over the last half of the 20th century. We present a regional, multivariable climate change detection and attribution study, using a high- resolution hydrologic model forced by global climate models, focusing on the changes that have already affected this primarily arid region with a large and growing population. The results show that up to 60% of the climate- related trends of river flow, winter air temperature, and snow pack between 1950 and 1999 are human- induced. These results are robust to perturbation of study variates and methods. They portend, in conjunction with previous work, a coming crisis in water supply for the western United States. AD - [Barnett, Tim P.; Pierce, David W.; Hidalgo, Hugo G.; Das, Tapash; Cayan, Daniel R.; Dettinger, Michael D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bonfils, Celine; Santer, Benjamin D.; Bala, Govindasamy; Mirin, Arthur A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wood, Andrew W.] Univ Washington, Land Surface Hydrol Res Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nozawa, Toru] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Cayan, Daniel R.; Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Barnett, TP, Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; tbarnett-ul@ucsd.edu AU - Barnett, T.P. AU - Pierce, D.W. AU - Hidalgo, H.G. AU - Bonfils, C. AU - Santer, B.D. AU - Das, T. AU - Bala, G. AU - Wood, A.W. AU - Nozawa, T. AU - Mirin, A. A. AU - Cayan, D.R. AU - Dettinger, M.D. C6 - NCA DA - Feb DO - 10.1126/science.1152538 IS - 5866 KW - north-america; climate-change; trends; model; attribution; streamflow; snowpack; cycle LA - English M3 - Article PY - 2008 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 1080-1083 ST - Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the western United States T2 - Science TI - Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the western United States VL - 319 ID - 12567 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barnhart, K. R. AU - Overeem, I. AU - Anderson, R. S. DO - 10.5194/tc-8-1777-2014 IS - 5 N1 - TC PY - 2014 SN - 1994-0424 SP - 1777-1799 ST - The effect of changing sea ice on the physical vulnerability of Arctic coasts T2 - The Cryosphere TI - The effect of changing sea ice on the physical vulnerability of Arctic coasts VL - 8 ID - 23316 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Declining mountain snowpack and earlier snowmelt across the western United States has implications for downstream communities. We present a possible mechanism linking snowmelt rate and streamflow generation using a gridded implementation of the Budyko framework. We computed an ensemble of Budyko streamflow anomalies (BSAs) using Variable Infiltration Capacity model-simulated evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration, and estimated precipitation at 1/16° resolution from 1950 to 2013. BSA was correlated with simulated baseflow efficiency (r2 = 0.64) and simulated snowmelt rate (r2 = 0.42). The strong correlation between snowmelt rate and baseflow efficiency (r2 = 0.73) links these relationships and supports a possible streamflow generation mechanism wherein greater snowmelt rates increase subsurface flow. Rapid snowmelt may thus bring the soil to field capacity, facilitating below-root zone percolation, streamflow, and a positive BSA. Previous works have shown that future increases in regional air temperature may lead to earlier, slower snowmelt and hence decreased streamflow production via the mechanism proposed by this work. AU - Barnhart, Theodore B. AU - Molotch, Noah P. AU - Livneh, Ben AU - Harpold, Adrian A. AU - Knowles, John F. AU - Schneider, Dominik DO - 10.1002/2016GL069690 IS - 15 PY - 2016 SP - 8006-8016 ST - Snowmelt rate dictates streamflow T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Snowmelt rate dictates streamflow VL - 43 ID - 25958 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The current impacts of humanity on nature are rapid and destructive, but species turnover and change have occurred throughout the history of life. Although there is much debate about the best approaches to take in conservation, ultimately, we need to permit or enhance the resilience of natural systems so that they can continue to adapt and function into the future. In a Review, Barnosky et al. argue that the best way to do this is to look back at paleontological history as a way to understand how ecological resilience is maintained, even in the face of change.Science, this issue p. eaah4787BACKGROUNDThe pace and magnitude of human-caused global change has accelerated dramatically over the past 50 years, overwhelming the capacity of many ecosystems and species to maintain themselves as they have under the more stable conditions that prevailed for at least 11,000 years. The next few decades threaten even more rapid transformations because by 2050, the human population is projected to grow by 3 billion while simultaneously increasing per capita consumption. Thus, to avoid losing many species and the crucial aspects of ecosystems that we need—for both our physical and emotional well-being—new conservation paradigms and integration of information from conservation biology, paleobiology, and the Earth sciences are required.ADVANCESRather than attempting to hold ecosystems to an idealized conception of the past, as has been the prevailing conservation paradigm until recently, maintaining vibrant ecosystems for the future now requires new approaches that use both historical and novel conservation landscapes, enhance adaptive capacity for ecosystems and organisms, facilitate connectedness, and manage ecosystems for functional integrity rather than focusing entirely on particular species. Scientific breakthroughs needed to underpin such a paradigm shift are emerging at the intersection of ecology and paleobiology, revealing (i) which species and ecosystems will need human intervention to persist; (ii) how to foster population connectivity that anticipates rapidly changing climate and land use; (iii) functional attributes that characterize ecosystems through thousands to millions of years, irrespective of the species that are involved; and (iv) the range of compositional and functional variation that ecosystems have exhibited over their long histories. Such information is necessary for recognizing which current changes foretell transitions to less robust ecological states and which changes may signal benign ecosystem shifts that will cause no substantial loss of ecosystem function or services.Conservation success will also increasingly hinge on choosing among different, sometimes mutually exclusive approaches to best achieve three conceptually distinct goals: maximizing biodiversity, maximizing ecosystem services, and preserving wilderness. These goals vary in applicability depending on whether historical or novel ecosystems are the conservation target. Tradeoffs already occur—for example, managing to maximize certain ecosystem services upon which people depend (such as food production on farm or rangelands) versus maintaining healthy populations of vulnerable species (such as wolves, lions, or elephants). In the future, the choices will be starker, likely involving decisions such as which species are candidates for managed relocation and to which areas, and whether certain areas should be off limits for intensive management, even if it means losing some species that now live there. Developing the capacity to make those choices will require conservation in both historical and novel ecosystems and effective collaboration of scientists, governmental officials, nongovernmental organizations, the legal community, and other stakeholders.OUTLOOKConservation efforts are currently in a state of transition, with active debate about the relative importance of preserving historical landscapes with minimal human impact on one end of the ideological spectrum versus manipulating novel ecosystems that result from human activities on the ther. Although the two approaches are often presented as dichotomous, in fact they are connected by a continuum of practices, and both are needed. In most landscapes, maximizing conservation success will require more integration of paleobiology and conservation biology because in a rapidly changing world, a long-term perspective (encompassing at least millennia) is necessary to specify and select appropriate conservation targets and plans. Although adding this long-term perspective will be essential to sustain biodiversity and all of the facets of nature that humans need as we continue to rapidly change the world over the next few decades, maximizing the chances of success will also require dealing with the root causes of the conservation crisis: rapid growth of the human population, increasing per capita consumption especially in developed countries, and anthropogenic climate change that is rapidly pushing habitats outside the bounds experienced by today’s species.Fewer than 900 mountain gorillas are left in the world, and their continued existence depends upon the choices humans make, exemplifying the state of many species and ecosystems.Can conservation biology save biodiversity and all the aspects of nature that people need and value as 3 billion more of us are added to the planet by 2050, while climate continues to change to states outside the bounds that most of today’s ecosystems have ever experienced?Photo: E. A. Hadly, at Volcanoes National Park, RwandaConservation of species and ecosystems is increasingly difficult because anthropogenic impacts are pervasive and accelerating. Under this rapid global change, maximizing conservation success requires a paradigm shift from maintaining ecosystems in idealized past states toward facilitating their adaptive and functional capacities, even as species ebb and flow individually. Developing effective strategies under this new paradigm will require deeper understanding of the long-term dynamics that govern ecosystem persistence and reconciliation of conflicts among approaches to conserving historical versus novel ecosystems. Integrating emerging information from conservation biology, paleobiology, and the Earth sciences is an important step forward on the path to success. Maintaining nature in all its aspects will also entail immediately addressing the overarching threats of growing human population, overconsumption, pollution, and climate change. AU - Barnosky, Anthony D. AU - Hadly, Elizabeth A. AU - Gonzalez, Patrick AU - Head, Jason AU - Polly, P. David AU - Lawing, A. Michelle AU - Eronen, Jussi T. AU - Ackerly, David D. AU - Alex, Ken AU - Biber, Eric AU - Blois, Jessica AU - Brashares, Justin AU - Ceballos, Gerardo AU - Davis, Edward AU - Dietl, Gregory P. AU - Dirzo, Rodolfo AU - Doremus, Holly AU - Fortelius, Mikael AU - Greene, Harry W. AU - Hellmann, Jessica AU - Hickler, Thomas AU - Jackson, Stephen T. AU - Kemp, Melissa AU - Koch, Paul L. AU - Kremen, Claire AU - Lindsey, Emily L. AU - Looy, Cindy AU - Marshall, Charles R. AU - Mendenhall, Chase AU - Mulch, Andreas AU - Mychajliw, Alexis M. AU - Nowak, Carsten AU - Ramakrishnan, Uma AU - Schnitzler, Jan AU - Das Shrestha, Kashish AU - Solari, Katherine AU - Stegner, Lynn AU - Stegner, M. Allison AU - Stenseth, Nils Chr. AU - Wake, Marvalee H. AU - Zhang, Zhibin DO - 10.1126/science.aah4787 IS - 6325 PY - 2017 SP - eaah4787 ST - Merging paleobiology with conservation biology to guide the future of terrestrial ecosystems T2 - Science TI - Merging paleobiology with conservation biology to guide the future of terrestrial ecosystems VL - 355 ID - 23660 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Petzet, Michael A2 - Ziesemer, John AU - Barr, Susan C4 - b069764f-7c7e-47af-abde-01cc9267e377 CY - Altenburg, Germany PB - E. Reinhold-Verlag PY - 2008 SP - 203-205 ST - The effects of climate change on cultural heritage in the polar regions T2 - Heritage at Risk: ICOMOS World Report 2006/2007 on Monuments and Sites in Danger TI - The effects of climate change on cultural heritage in the polar regions UR - https://www.icomos.org/risk/world_report/2006-2007/pdf/H@R_2006-2007_web.pdf ID - 25838 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives. To evaluate health impacts of drought during the most severe drought in California’s recorded history with a rapid assessment method.Methods. We conducted Community Assessments for Public Health Emergency Response during October through November 2015 in Tulare County and Mariposa County to evaluate household water access, acute stressors, exacerbations of chronic diseases and behavioral health issues, and financial impacts. We evaluated pairwise associations by logistic regression with pooled data.Results. By assessment area, households reported not having running water (3%–12%); impacts on finances (25%–39%), property (39%–54%), health (10%–20%), and peace of mind (33%–61%); worsening of a chronic disease (16%–46%); acute stress (8%–26%); and considering moving (14%–34%). Impacts on finances or property were each associated with impacts on health and peace of mind, and acute stress.Conclusions. Drought-impacted households might perceive physical and mental health effects and might experience financial or property impacts related to the drought.Public Health Implications. Local jurisdictions should consider implementing drought assistance programs, including behavioral health, and consider rapid assessments to inform public health action. AU - Barreau, Tracy AU - Conway, David AU - Haught, Karen AU - Jackson, Rebecca AU - Kreutzer, Richard AU - Lockman, Andrew AU - Minnick, Sharon AU - Roisman, Rachel AU - Rozell, David AU - Smorodinsky, Svetlana AU - Tafoya, Dana AU - Wilken, Jason A. DO - 10.2105/ajph.2017.303695 IS - 5 PY - 2017 SP - 783-790 ST - Physical, mental, and financial impacts from drought in two California counties, 2015 T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Physical, mental, and financial impacts from drought in two California counties, 2015 VL - 107 ID - 24142 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper examines the temperature-mortality relationship over the course of the twentieth-century United States both for its own interest and to identify potentially useful adaptations for coming decades. There are three primary findings. First, the mortality impact of days with mean temperature exceeding 80°F declined by 75 percent. Almost the entire decline occurred after 1960. Second, the diffusion of residential air conditioning explains essentially the entire decline in hot day–related fatalities. Third, using Dubin and McFadden’s discrete-continuous model, the present value of US consumer surplus from the introduction of residential air conditioning is estimated to be $85–$185 billion (2012 dollars). AU - Barreca, Alan AU - Clay, Karen AU - Deschenes, Olivier AU - Greenstone, Michael AU - Shapiro, Joseph S. DO - 10.1086/684582 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 105-159 ST - Adapting to climate change: The remarkable decline in the US temperature-mortality relationship over the twentieth century T2 - Journal of Political Economy TI - Adapting to climate change: The remarkable decline in the US temperature-mortality relationship over the twentieth century VL - 124 ID - 24949 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Barreto, Maritza AU - Narvaéz, Dariel AU - Marti, Laura AU - Díaz, Elizabeth AU - Santaella, Orlando AU - Cabrera, Nahir AU - Gladik, Tatiana AU - Alvira, Zulimar AU - Silva, Leticia AU - Reyes, Alejandro CY - Rio Piedras, PR PB - University of Puerto Rico, Planning School PY - 2017 SP - 58 ST - Assessment of beach morphology at Puerto Rico Island TI - Assessment of beach morphology at Puerto Rico Island UR - http://drna.pr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Geomorphic-Assessment-of-Puerto-Rico-1977-to-2016.pdf ID - 25073 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barrows, C. W. DA - 2011/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.01.018 IS - 7 KW - Chuckwalla Climate change Desert tortoise Joshua Tree National Park Mahalanobis Mojave Desert Niche modeling Sonoran Desert PY - 2011 SN - 0140-1963 SP - 629-635 ST - Sensitivity to climate change for two reptiles at the Mojave–Sonoran Desert interface T2 - Journal of Arid Environments TI - Sensitivity to climate change for two reptiles at the Mojave–Sonoran Desert interface VL - 75 ID - 23719 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barrows, Cameron W. AU - Murphy-Mariscal, Michelle L. DA - 2012/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.03.028 KW - Niche model Invasive species Joshua Tree National Park Mahalanobis D Scale PY - 2012 SN - 0006-3207 SP - 29-36 ST - Modeling impacts of climate change on Joshua trees at their southern boundary: How scale impacts predictions T2 - Biological Conservation TI - Modeling impacts of climate change on Joshua trees at their southern boundary: How scale impacts predictions VL - 152 ID - 23720 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bartholomew, I. D. AU - Nienow, P. AU - Sole, A. AU - Mair, D. AU - Cowton, T. AU - King, M. A. AU - Palmer, S. DA - 7/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.04.014 IS - 3–4 KW - Greenland GPS ice dynamics supraglacial lakes subglacial hydrology PY - 2011 SN - 0012-821X SP - 271-278 ST - Seasonal variations in Greenland Ice Sheet motion: Inland extent and behaviour at higher elevations T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Seasonal variations in Greenland Ice Sheet motion: Inland extent and behaviour at higher elevations VL - 307 ID - 19802 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Bartlett, Tony DA - 1995/09/07/ PY - 1995 SP - 1-3 ST - Three Years Later, Kauai Tourism Still Feels the Effect of Iniki’s Blow T2 - Travel Weekly TI - Three Years Later, Kauai Tourism Still Feels the Effect of Iniki’s Blow VL - 54 ID - 22389 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pollinators such as bees are essential to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. However, despite concerns about a global pollinator crisis, long-term data on the status of bee species are limited. We present a long-term study of relative rates of change for an entire regional bee fauna in the northeastern United States, based on >30,000 museum records representing 438 species. Over a 140-y period, aggregate native species richness weakly decreased, but richness declines were significant only for the genus Bombus. Of 187 native species analyzed individually, only three declined steeply, all of these in the genus Bombus. However, there were large shifts in community composition, as indicated by 56% of species showing significant changes in relative abundance over time. Traits associated with a declining relative abundance include small dietary and phenological breadth and large body size. In addition, species with lower latitudinal range boundaries are increasing in relative abundance, a finding that may represent a response to climate change. We show that despite marked increases in human population density and large changes in anthropogenic land use, aggregate native species richness declines were modest outside of the genus Bombus. At the same time, we find that certain ecological traits are associated with declines in relative abundance. These results should help target conservation efforts focused on maintaining native bee abundance and diversity and therefore the important ecosystems services that they provide. AU - Bartomeus, I. AU - Ascher, J. S. AU - Gibbs, J. AU - Danforth, B. N. AU - Wagner, D. L. AU - Hedtke, S. M. AU - Winfree, R. C2 - 3606985 DA - Mar 19 DB - DO - 10.1073/pnas.1218503110 ET - 2013/03/15 IS - 12 KW - Adaptation, Physiological Animals Bees/ physiology Biodiversity Humans Pollination Population Dynamics United States LA - eng PY - 2013 SN - 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking) SP - 4656-4660 ST - Historical changes in northeastern US bee pollinators related to shared ecological traits T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Historical changes in northeastern US bee pollinators related to shared ecological traits VL - 110 ID - 4106 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bartomeus, I. AU - Ascher, J.S. AU - Wagner, D. AU - Danforth, B.N. AU - Colla, S. AU - Kornbluth, S. AU - Winfree, R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1073/pnas.1115559108 IS - 51 PY - 2011 SP - 20645-20649 ST - Climate-associated phenological advances in bee pollinators and bee-pollinated plants T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climate-associated phenological advances in bee pollinators and bee-pollinated plants VL - 108 ID - 12580 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barton, A. AU - Hales, B. AU - Waldbusser, G.G. AU - Langdon, C. AU - Feely, R.A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.4319/lo.2012.57.3.0698 IS - 3 PY - 2012 SP - 698-710 ST - The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, shows negative correlation to naturally elevated carbon dioxide levels: Implications for near-term ocean acidification effects T2 - Limnology and Oceanography TI - The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, shows negative correlation to naturally elevated carbon dioxide levels: Implications for near-term ocean acidification effects VL - 57 ID - 12581 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barton, Alan AU - Waldbusser, George G. AU - Feely, Richard A. AU - Weisberg, Stephen B. AU - Newton, Jan A. AU - Hales, Burke AU - Cudd, Sue AU - Eudeline, Benoit AU - Langdon, Chris J. AU - Jefferds, Ian AU - King, Teri AU - Suhrbier, Andy AU - McLaughli, Karen DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2015.38 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SP - 146-159 ST - Impacts of coastal acidification on the Pacific Northwest shellfish industry and adaptation strategies implemented in response T2 - Oceanography TI - Impacts of coastal acidification on the Pacific Northwest shellfish industry and adaptation strategies implemented in response VL - 28 ID - 24694 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Phytoplankton play essential roles in marine food webs and global biogeochemical cycles, yet the responses of individual species and entire phytoplankton communities to anthropogenic climate change in the coming century remain uncertain. Here we map the biogeographies of commonly observed North Atlantic phytoplankton and compare their historical (1951–2000) and projected future ranges (2051–2100). We find that individual species and entire communities move in space, or shift, and that communities internally reassemble, or shuffle. Over the coming century, most but not all studied species shift northeastward in the basin, moving at a rate faster than previously estimated. These pronounced ecological changes are driven by dynamic changes in ocean circulation and surface conditions, rather than just warming temperatures alone.Anthropogenic climate change has shifted the biogeography and phenology of many terrestrial and marine species. Marine phytoplankton communities appear sensitive to climate change, yet understanding of how individual species may respond to anthropogenic climate change remains limited. Here, using historical environmental and phytoplankton observations, we characterize the realized ecological niches for 87 North Atlantic diatom and dinoflagellate taxa and project changes in species biogeography between mean historical (1951–2000) and future (2051–2100) ocean conditions. We find that the central positions of the core range of 74% of taxa shift poleward at a median rate of 12.9 km per decade (km⋅dec−1), and 90% of taxa shift eastward at a median rate of 42.7 km⋅dec−1. The poleward shift is faster than previously reported for marine taxa, and the predominance of longitudinal shifts is driven by dynamic changes in multiple environmental drivers, rather than a strictly poleward, temperature-driven redistribution of ocean habitats. A century of climate change significantly shuffles community composition by a basin-wide median value of 16%, compared with seasonal variations of 46%. The North Atlantic phytoplankton community appears poised for marked shift and shuffle, which may have broad effects on food webs and biogeochemical cycles. AU - Barton, Andrew D. AU - Irwin, Andrew J. AU - Finkel, Zoe V. AU - Stock, Charles A. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1519080113 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SP - 2964-2969 ST - Anthropogenic climate change drives shift and shuffle in North Atlantic phytoplankton communities T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Anthropogenic climate change drives shift and shuffle in North Atlantic phytoplankton communities VL - 113 ID - 24840 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change may constrain future electricity supply adequacy by reducing electric transmission capacity and increasing electricity demand. The carrying capacity of electric power cables decreases as ambient air temperatures rise; similarly, during the summer peak period, electricity loads typically increase with hotter air temperatures due to increased air conditioning usage. As atmospheric carbon concentrations increase, higher ambient air temperatures may strain power infrastructure by simultaneously reducing transmission capacity and increasing peak electricity load. We estimate the impacts of rising ambient air temperatures on electric transmission ampacity and peak per-capita electricity load for 121 planning areas in the United States using downscaled global climate model projections. Together, these planning areas account for roughly 80% of current peak summertime load. We estimate climate-attributable capacity reductions to transmission lines by constructing thermal models of representative conductors, then forcing these models with future temperature projections to determine the percent change in rated ampacity. Next, we assess the impact of climate change on electricity load by using historical relationships between ambient temperature and utility-scale summertime peak load to estimate the extent to which climate change will incur additional peak load increases. We find that by mid-century (2040–2060), increases in ambient air temperature may reduce average summertime transmission capacity by 1.9%–5.8% relative to the 1990–2010 reference period. At the same time, peak per-capita summertime loads may rise by 4.2%–15% on average due to increases in ambient air temperature. In the absence of energy efficiency gains, demand-side management programs and transmission infrastructure upgrades, these load increases have the potential to upset current assumptions about future electricity supply adequacy. AU - Bartos, Matthew AU - Chester, Mikhail AU - Johnson, Nathan AU - Gorman, Brandon AU - Eisenberg, Daniel AU - Linkov, Igor AU - Bates, Matthew DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/11/114008 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 114008 ST - Impacts of rising air temperatures on electric transmission ampacity and peak electricity load in the United States T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Impacts of rising air temperatures on electric transmission ampacity and peak electricity load in the United States VL - 11 ID - 23662 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bartos, Matthew D. AU - Chester, Mikhail V. DA - 05/18/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2648 IS - 8 PY - 2015 SP - 748-752 ST - Impacts of climate change on electric power supply in the western United States T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Impacts of climate change on electric power supply in the western United States VL - 5 ID - 23721 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Basler, David DA - 2016/02/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.11.007 KW - Bud burst Chilling Temperature Spring phenology Process-based Photoperiod PY - 2016 SN - 0168-1923 SP - 10-21 ST - Evaluating phenological models for the prediction of leaf-out dates in six temperate tree species across central Europe T2 - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology TI - Evaluating phenological models for the prediction of leaf-out dates in six temperate tree species across central Europe VL - 217 ID - 23342 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bassett, Ellen AU - Shandas, Vivek DA - 2010/09/29 DO - 10.1080/01944363.2010.509703 IS - 4 PY - 2010 SN - 0194-4363 SP - 435-450 ST - Innovation and climate action planning T2 - Journal of the American Planning Association TI - Innovation and climate action planning VL - 76 ID - 26479 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bassiouni, Maoya DA - 2016/11// M3 - Pacific Islands Climate Science Center - Final Report PB - USGS Pacific Islands Water Science Center PY - 2016 ST - Development of Statistical Methods to Estimate Baseline and Future Low-Flow Characteristics of Ungaged Streams in Hawai‘i TI - Development of Statistical Methods to Estimate Baseline and Future Low-Flow Characteristics of Ungaged Streams in Hawai‘i UR - https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/58502aaee4b0f17c5d2512d1 Y2 - 2017/09/25/ ID - 22390 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bassiouni, M. AU - Oki, D. S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1002/hyp.9298 IS - 10 PY - 2013 SN - 1099-1085 SP - 1484-1500 ST - Trends and shifts in streamflow in Hawai‘i, 1913–2008 T2 - Hydrological Processes TI - Trends and shifts in streamflow in Hawai‘i, 1913–2008 VL - 27 ID - 12583 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Multicollinearity and omitted-variable bias are major limitations to developing multiple linear regression models to estimate streamflow characteristics in ungaged areas and varying rainfall conditions. Panel regression is used to overcome limitations of traditional regression methods, and obtain reliable model coefficients, in particular to understand the elasticity of streamflow to rainfall. Using annual rainfall and selected basin characteristics at 86 gaged streams in the Hawaiian Islands, regional regression models for three stream classes were developed to estimate the annual low-flow duration discharges. Three panel-regression structures (random effects, fixed effects, and pooled) were compared to traditional regression methods, in which space is substituted for time. Results indicated that panel regression generally was able to reproduce the temporal behavior of streamflow and reduce the standard errors of model coefficients compared to traditional regression, even for models in which the unobserved heterogeneity between streams is significant and the variance inflation factor for rainfall is much greater than 10. This is because both spatial and temporal variability were better characterized in panel regression. In a case study, regional rainfall elasticities estimated from panel regressions were applied to ungaged basins on Maui, using available rainfall projections to estimate plausible changes in surface-water availability and usable stream habitat for native species. The presented panel-regression framework is shown to offer benefits over existing traditional hydrologic regression methods for developing robust regional relations to investigate streamflow response in a changing climate. AU - Bassiouni, Maoya AU - Vogel, Richard M. AU - Archfield, Stacey A. DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1002/2016WR018718 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 12 KW - Hawaii freshwater climate change water elasticity 1833 Hydroclimatology 1860 Streamflow 1874 Ungaged basins low flows panel regression regional hydrology LA - en PY - 2016 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 9470-9494 ST - Panel regressions to estimate low-flow response to rainfall variability in ungaged basins T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Panel regressions to estimate low-flow response to rainfall variability in ungaged basins VL - 52 Y2 - 2017/02/03/18:31:34 ID - 22391 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Basso, Bruno AU - Kendall, Anthony D. AU - Hyndman, David W. DO - 10.1002/2013EF000107 IS - 1 KW - Ogallala water sustainability crops 0402 Agricultural systems 0485 Science policy 1818 Evapotranspiration 1842 Irrigation 1829 Groundwater hydrology PY - 2013 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 39-41 ST - The future of agriculture over the Ogallala Aquifer: Solutions to grow crops more efficiently with limited water T2 - Earth's Future TI - The future of agriculture over the Ogallala Aquifer: Solutions to grow crops more efficiently with limited water VL - 1 ID - 23498 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bassu, Simona AU - Brisson, Nadine AU - Durand, Jean-Louis AU - Boote, Kenneth AU - Lizaso, Jon AU - Jones, James W. AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Ruane, Alex C. AU - Adam, Myriam AU - Baron, Christian AU - Basso, Bruno AU - Biernath, Christian AU - Boogaard, Hendrik AU - Conijn, Sjaak AU - Corbeels, Marc AU - Deryng, Delphine AU - De Sanctis, Giacomo AU - Gayler, Sebastian AU - Grassini, Patricio AU - Hatfield, Jerry AU - Hoek, Steven AU - Izaurralde, Cesar AU - Jongschaap, Raymond AU - Kemanian, Armen R. AU - Kersebaum, K. Christian AU - Kim, Soo-Hyung AU - Kumar, Naresh S. AU - Makowski, David AU - Müller, Christoph AU - Nendel, Claas AU - Priesack, Eckart AU - Pravia, Maria Virginia AU - Sau, Federico AU - Shcherbak, Iurii AU - Tao, Fulu AU - Teixeira, Edmar AU - Timlin, Dennis AU - Waha, Katharina DO - 10.1111/gcb.12520 IS - 7 KW - [CO2] AgMIP climate maize model intercomparison simulation temperature uncertainty PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2301-2320 ST - How do various maize crop models vary in their responses to climate change factors? T2 - Global Change Biology TI - How do various maize crop models vary in their responses to climate change factors? VL - 20 ID - 23499 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Basu, Rupa C6 - NCA C7 - 40 DO - 10.1186/1476-069X-8-40 PY - 2009 SN - 1476-069X SP - 40 ST - High ambient temperature and mortality: A review of epidemiologic studies from 2001 to 2008 T2 - Environmental Health TI - High ambient temperature and mortality: A review of epidemiologic studies from 2001 to 2008 VL - 8 ID - 12585 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The association between ambient temperature and morbidity has been explored previously. However, the association between temperature and mental health-related outcomes, including violence and self-harm, remains relatively unexamined. For the period 2005–2013, we obtained daily counts of mental health-related emergency room visits involving injuries with an external cause for 16 California climate zones from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development and combined them with data on mean apparent temperature, a combination of temperature and humidity. Using Poisson regression models, we estimated climate zone-level associations and then used random-effects meta-analyses to produce overall estimates. Analyses were stratified by season (warm: May–October; cold: November–April), race/ethnicity, and age. During the warm season, a 10°F (5.6°C) increase in same-day mean apparent temperature was associated with 4.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6, 6.0), 5.8% (95% CI: 4.5, 7.1), and 7.9% (95% CI: 7.3, 8.4) increases in the risk of emergency room visits for mental health disorders, self-injury/suicide, and intentional injury/homicide, respectively. High temperatures during the cold season were also positively associated with these outcomes. Variations were observed by race/ethnicity, age group, and sex, with Hispanics, whites, persons aged 6–18 years, and females being at greatest risk for most outcomes. Increasing mean apparent temperature was found to have acute associations with mental health outcomes and intentional injuries, and these findings warrant further study in other locations. AU - Basu, Rupa AU - Gavin, Lyndsay AU - Pearson, Dharshani AU - Ebisu, Keita AU - Malig, Brian DO - 10.1093/aje/kwx295 IS - 4 PY - 2018 SN - 0002-9262 SP - 726-735 ST - Examining the association between apparent temperature and mental health-related emergency room visits in California T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology TI - Examining the association between apparent temperature and mental health-related emergency room visits in California VL - 187 ID - 26398 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Basu, Rupa AU - Pearson, Dharshani AU - Malig, Brian AU - Broadwin, Rachel AU - Green, Rochelle DO - 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31826b7f97 IS - 6 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2012 SN - 1044-3983 SP - 813-820 ST - The effect of high ambient temperature on emergency room visits T2 - Epidemiology TI - The effect of high ambient temperature on emergency room visits VL - 23 ID - 17587 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change may drastically alter patterns of species distributions and richness, but predicting future species patterns in occurrence is challenging. Significant shifts in distributions have already been observed, and understanding these recent changes can improve our understanding of potential future changes. We assessed how past climate change affected potential breeding distributions for landbird species in the conterminous United States. We quantified the bioclimatic velocity of potential breeding distributions, that is, the pace and direction of change for each species’ suitable climate space over the past 60 years. We found that potential breeding distributions for landbirds have shifted substantially with an average velocity of 1.27 km yr−1, about double the pace of prior distribution shift estimates across terrestrial systems globally (0.61 km yr−1). The direction of shifts was not uniform. The majority of species’ distributions shifted west, northwest, and north. Multidirectional shifts suggest that changes in climate conditions beyond mean temperature were influencing distributional changes. Indeed, precipitation variables that were proxies for extreme conditions were important variables across all models. There were winners and losers in terms of the area of distributions; many species experienced contractions along west and east distribution edges, and expansions along northern distribution edges. Changes were also reflected in the potential species richness, with some regions potentially gaining species (Midwest, East) and other areas potentially losing species (Southwest). However, the degree to which changes in potential breeding distributions are manifested in actual species richness depends on landcover. Areas that have become increasingly suitable for breeding birds due to changing climate are often those attractive to humans for agriculture and development. This suggests that many areas might have supported more breeding bird species had the landscape not been altered. Our study illustrates that climate change is not only a future threat, but something birds are already experiencing. AU - Bateman, Brooke L. AU - Pidgeon, Anna M. AU - Radeloff, Volker C. AU - VanDerWal, Jeremy AU - Thogmartin, Wayne E. AU - Vavrus, Stephen J. AU - Heglund, Patricia J. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13154 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SP - 1130-1144 ST - The pace of past climate change vs. potential bird distributions and land use in the United States T2 - Global Change Biology TI - The pace of past climate change vs. potential bird distributions and land use in the United States VL - 22 ID - 25743 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bates, N. R. AU - Best, M. H. P. AU - Neely, K. AU - Garley, R. AU - Dickson, A. G. AU - Johnson, R. J. DO - 10.5194/bg-9-2509-2012 IS - 7 N1 - BG PY - 2012 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 2509-2522 ST - Detecting anthropogenic carbon dioxide uptake and ocean acidification in the North Atlantic Ocean T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Detecting anthropogenic carbon dioxide uptake and ocean acidification in the North Atlantic Ocean VL - 9 ID - 25069 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bathi, Jejal Reddy AU - Das, Himangshu S. DO - 10.3390/ijerph13020239 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 239 ST - Vulnerability of coastal communities from storm surge and flood disasters T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Vulnerability of coastal communities from storm surge and flood disasters VL - 13 ID - 24141 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bathke, Deborah J. AU - Oglesby, Robert J. AU - Rowe, Clinton M. AU - Wilhite, Donald A. CY - Lincoln, NE N1 - ISBN: 1-56161-037-2 ISBN13: 978-1-56161-037-2 PB - University of Nebraska-Lincoln PY - 2014 RP - ISBN: 1-56161-037-2 ISBN13: 978-1-56161-037-2 SP - 72 ST - Understanding and Assessing Climate Change: Implications for Nebraska TI - Understanding and Assessing Climate Change: Implications for Nebraska UR - http://snr.unl.edu/download/research/projects/climateimpacts/2014ClimateChange.pdf ID - 25932 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Batker, David AU - de la Torre, Isabel AU - Costanza, Robert AU - Swedeen, Paula AU - Day, John AU - Boumans, Roelof AU - Bagstad, Kenneth CY - Tacoma, WA PB - Earth Economics PY - 2010 SP - 98 ST - Gaining Ground: Wetlands, Hurricanes and the Economy: The Value of Restoring the Mississippi River Delta TI - Gaining Ground: Wetlands, Hurricanes and the Economy: The Value of Restoring the Mississippi River Delta UR - http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=iss_pub ID - 24436 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - van der Valk, A. G. AU - Batt, B.D. AU - Anderson, M.G. AU - Anderson, C.D. AU - Caswell, F.D. C4 - 18042bec-255c-473d-b1fb-e5ca67c5626e CY - Ames, IA PB - Iowa State University Press PY - 1989 SP - 204-227 ST - The use of prairie potholes by North American ducks T2 - Northern Prairie Wetlands TI - The use of prairie potholes by North American ducks ID - 21636 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Battilani, P. AU - Toscano, P. AU - Van der Fels-Klerx, H. J. AU - Moretti, A. AU - Camardo Leggieri, M. AU - Brera, C. AU - Rortais, A. AU - Goumperis, T. AU - Robinson, T. DA - 04/12/online DO - 10.1038/srep24328 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 24328 ST - Aflatoxin B1 contamination in maize in Europe increases due to climate change T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Aflatoxin B1 contamination in maize in Europe increases due to climate change VL - 6 ID - 24140 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bauer, Adam AU - Farrell, Rachel AU - Goldblum, David DA - 2016/04/01 DO - 10.1080/11956860.2016.1213107 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 1195-6860 SP - 41-53 ST - The geography of forest diversity and community changes under future climate conditions in the eastern United States T2 - Ecoscience TI - The geography of forest diversity and community changes under future climate conditions in the eastern United States VL - 23 Y2 - 2017/10/27 ID - 22682 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bauer, William J., Jr. C4 - 6408aad9-0e73-4bfe-aaf7-95d8e1c105d8 CY - Seattle, WA PB - University of Washington Press PY - 2016 SN - 9780295998350 SP - 184 ST - California through Native Eyes: Reclaiming History TI - California through Native Eyes: Reclaiming History ID - 23722 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Baumgardner, Frank T. AU - Hinson, Jacob R. AU - Panek, Sharon D. PB - U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis PY - 2016 SP - 37 ST - Annual Revision of Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area: Advance Statistics for 2015 and Revised Statistics for 2001–2014 TI - Annual Revision of Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area: Advance Statistics for 2015 and Revised Statistics for 2001–2014 UR - https://bea.gov/scb/pdf/2016/10%20October/1016_gdp_by_metropolitan_area.pdf ID - 25604 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Baussan, Danielle CY - Washington, DC PB - Center for American Progress PY - 2015 SP - 10 ST - When You Can't Go Home: The Gulf Coast 10 Years after Katrina TI - When You Can't Go Home: The Gulf Coast 10 Years after Katrina UR - https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/reports/2015/08/18/119511/when-you-cant-go-home/ ID - 24139 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The 2013/14 boreal winter (December 2013–February 2014) brought extended periods of anomalously cold weather to central and eastern North America. The authors show that a leading pattern of extratropical variability, whose sea level pressure footprint is the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and circulation footprint the West Pacific (WP) teleconnection—together, the NPO–WP—exhibited extreme and persistent amplitude in this winter. Reconstruction of the 850-hPa temperature, 200-hPa geopotential height, and precipitation reveals that the NPO–WP was the leading contributor to the winter climate anomaly over large swaths of North America. This analysis, furthermore, indicates that NPO–WP variability explains the most variance of monthly winter temperature over central-eastern North America since, at least, 1979. Analysis of the NPO–WP related thermal advection provides physical insight on the generation of the cold temperature anomalies over North America. Although NPO–WP’s origin and development remain to be elucidated, its concurrent links to tropical SSTs are tenuous. These findings suggest that notable winter climate anomalies in the Pacific–North American sector need not originate, directly, from the tropics. More broadly, the attribution of the severe 2013/14 winter to the flexing of an extratropical variability pattern is cautionary given the propensity to implicate the tropics, following several decades of focus on El Niño–Southern Oscillation and its regional and far-field impacts. AU - Baxter, Stephen AU - Nigam, Sumant DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-14-00726.1 IS - 20 KW - Circulation/ Dynamics,ENSO,Teleconnections,Mathematical and statistical techniques,Principal components analysis,Variability,Climate variability,North Atlantic Oscillation,North Pacific Oscillation PY - 2015 SP - 8109-8117 ST - Key role of the North Pacific Oscillation–West Pacific Pattern in generating the extreme 2013/14 North American winter T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Key role of the North Pacific Oscillation–West Pacific Pattern in generating the extreme 2013/14 North American winter VL - 28 ID - 24841 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bazilian, Morgan AU - Rogner, Holger AU - Howells, Mark AU - Hermann, Sebastian AU - Arent, Douglas AU - Gielen, Dolf AU - Steduto, Pasquale AU - Mueller, Alexander AU - Komor, Paul AU - Tol, Richard S. J. AU - Yumkella, Kandeh K. DA - 2011/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.039 IS - 12 KW - Energy policy Energy, water and food Access to basic services PY - 2011 SN - 0301-4215 SP - 7896-7906 ST - Considering the energy, water and food nexus: Towards an integrated modelling approach T2 - Energy Policy TI - Considering the energy, water and food nexus: Towards an integrated modelling approach VL - 39 ID - 23258 ER - TY - CHAP AB - As the human population grows--tripling in the past century while, simultaneously, quadrupling its demand for water--Earth's finite freshwater supplies are increasingly strained, and also increasingly contaminated by domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. Today, approximately one-third of the world's population lives in areas with scarce water resources. Nearly one billion people currently lack access to an adequate water supply, and more than twice as many lack access to basic sanitation services. It is projected that by 2025 water scarcity will affect nearly two-thirds of all people on the planet. Recognizing that water availability, water quality, and sanitation are fundamental issues underlying infectious disease emergence and spread, the Institute of Medicine held a two-day public workshop, summarized in this volume. Through invited presentations and discussions, participants explored global and local connections between water, sanitation, and health; the spectrum of water-related disease transmission processes as they inform intervention design; lessons learned from water-related disease outbreaks; vulnerabilities in water and sanitation infrastructure in both industrialized and developing countries; and opportunities to improve water and sanitation infrastructure so as to reduce the risk of water-related infectious disease. AU - Beach, Michael J. AU - Roy, Sharon AU - Brunkard, Joan AU - Yoder, Jonathan AU - Hlavsa, Michele C. C4 - e51f35c4-b5ba-4e95-8090-582e2897754b CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/12658 KW - Health and Medicine Earth Sciences LA - English PB - Institute of Medicine. The National Academies Press PY - 2009 RN - http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12658/global-issues-in-water-sanitation-and-health-workshop-summary SE - 3 SN - 978-0-309-13872-7 SP - 156-168 ST - The changing epidemiology of waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States: Implications for system infrastructure and future planning T2 - Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health: Workshop Summary TI - The changing epidemiology of waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States: Implications for system infrastructure and future planning ID - 18853 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, higher temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and other climate change impacts have already begun to affect US agriculture and forestry, with impacts expected to become more substantial in the future. There have been numerous studies of climate change impacts on agriculture or forestry, but relatively little research examining the long-term net impacts of a stabilization scenario relative to a case with unabated climate change. We provide an analysis of the potential benefits of global climate change mitigation for US agriculture and forestry through 2100, accounting for landowner decisions regarding land use, crop mix, and management practices. The analytic approach involves a combination of climate models, a crop process model (EPIC), a dynamic vegetation model used for forests (MC1), and an economic model of the US forestry and agricultural sector (FASOM-GHG). We find substantial impacts on productivity, commodity markets, and consumer and producer welfare for the stabilization scenario relative to unabated climate change, though the magnitude and direction of impacts vary across regions and commodities. Although there is variability in welfare impacts across climate simulations, we find positive net benefits from stabilization in all cases, with cumulative impacts ranging from $32.7 billion to $54.5 billion over the period 2015–2100. Our estimates contribute to the literature on potential benefits of GHG mitigation and can help inform policy decisions weighing alternative mitigation and adaptation actions. AU - Beach, Robert H. AU - Cai, Yongxia AU - Thomson, Allison AU - Zhang, Xuesong AU - Jones, Russell AU - McCarl, Bruce A. AU - Crimmins, Allison AU - Martinich, Jeremy AU - Cole, Jefferson AU - Ohrel, Sara AU - DeAngelo, Benjamin AU - McFarland, James AU - Strzepek, Kenneth AU - Boehlert, Brent DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095004 IS - 9 PY - 2015 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 095004 ST - Climate change impacts on US agriculture and forestry: Benefits of global climate stabilization T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Climate change impacts on US agriculture and forestry: Benefits of global climate stabilization VL - 10 ID - 23500 ER - TY - WEB AU - Beach SAMP CY - Kingston, RI PB - Rhode Island Shoreline Change Special Area Management Plan (Beach SAMP) PY - 2018 ST - STORMTOOLS [web tool] TI - STORMTOOLS [web tool] UR - http://www.beachsamp.org/stormtools/ ID - 26263 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beamer, J. P. AU - Hill, D. F. AU - Arendt, A. AU - Liston, G. E. DO - 10.1002/2015WR018457 IS - 5 KW - computational hydrology energy balance snow and ice streamflow 1840 Hydrometeorology 1863 Snow and ice 1876 Water budgets 1847 Modeling 1860 Streamflow PY - 2016 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 3888-3909 ST - High-resolution modeling of coastal freshwater discharge and glacier mass balance in the Gulf of Alaska watershed T2 - Water Resources Research TI - High-resolution modeling of coastal freshwater discharge and glacier mass balance in the Gulf of Alaska watershed VL - 52 ID - 22170 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Beard, Charles B. AU - Eisen, Rebecca J. AU - Barker, Christopher M. AU - Garofalo, Jada F. AU - Hahn, Micah AU - Hayden, Mary AU - Monaghan, Andrew J. AU - Ogden, Nicholas H. AU - Schramm, Paul J. C4 - dbfb7cd9-7c82-43ea-a4e2-9e2eb0b851fd CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0765C7V PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 129–156 ST - Ch. 5: Vector-borne diseases T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 5: Vector-borne diseases ID - 19377 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - Oates, Don A2 - Burkhart, Elizaberth A2 - Grob, Jennifer AB - The overall purpose of the Fort Tilden project is to understand the potential impacts from future storms on existing natural and cultural resources, infrastructure, and safety of surrounding communities, and to use this as a guide for siting and designing future coastal protection measures. One existing protection measure that was exposed from the storm is the existing timber bulkhead. This paper assesses the bulkhead and groin system functions by utilizing a shoreline structure assessment and determines what coastal protection measures, if any, the bulkhead is providing currently or in the future. Beyond the condition assessment, a range of treatment options and initial costs were generated as an initial step in evaluation and recommendation of treatment for the bulkhead in the Fort Tilden Beach Environmental Assessment. This alternative analysis was performed to ascertain what defense measures are necessary to achieve the desired natural and cultural resource protection conditions for the site. AU - Bearmore, Bethany AU - Ozolin, Brett AU - Sacks, Patricia CY - New Orleans, LA DA - June 12-15 DO - 10.1061/9780784479919.077 PB - ASCE PY - 2016 T2 - Ports 2016: Port Planning and Development TI - Fort Tilden Historical Bulkhead Assessment ID - 26175 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bearup, Lindsay A. AU - Maxwell, Reed M. AU - Clow, David W. AU - McCray, John E. DA - 06//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2198 IS - 6 M3 - Letter PY - 2014 SN - 1758-678X SP - 481-486 ST - Hydrological effects of forest transpiration loss in bark beetle-impacted watersheds T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Hydrological effects of forest transpiration loss in bark beetle-impacted watersheds VL - 4 ID - 22011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beatty, Mark E. AU - Phelps, Scot AU - Rohner, Chris AU - Weisfuse, Isaac C2 - PMC1497795 DO - 10.1177/003335490612100109 IS - 1 PY - 2006 SP - 36-44 ST - Blackout of 2003: Health effects and emergency responses T2 - Public Health Reports TI - Blackout of 2003: Health effects and emergency responses VL - 121 ID - 19183 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beaudin, Laura AU - Huang, Ju-Chin DA - 2014/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.07.011 KW - Discrete time survival analysis Market structure Climate change Weather conditions Tourism PY - 2014 SN - 0921-8009 SP - 56-68 ST - Weather conditions and outdoor recreation: A study of New England ski areas T2 - Ecological Economics TI - Weather conditions and outdoor recreation: A study of New England ski areas VL - 106 ID - 25193 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives: To identify and characterize the determinants of food insecurity among Inuit women. Methods: A community-based study in Igloolik, Nunavut, using semi-structured interviews (n=36) and focus groups (n=5) with Inuit women, and key informants interviews with health professionals (n=13). Results: There is a high prevalence of food insecurity among Inuit females in Igloolik, with women in the study reporting skipping meals and reducing food intake on a regular basis. Food insecurity is largely transitory in nature and influenced by food affordability and budgeting; food knowledge; education and preferences; food quality and availability; absence of a full-time hunter in the household; cost of harvesting; poverty; and addiction. These determinants are operating in the context of changing livelihoods and climate-related stresses. Conclusion: Inuit women’s food insecurity in Igloolik is the outcome of multiple determinants operating at different spatial-temporal scales. Climate change and external socio-economic stresses are exacerbating difficulties in obtaining sufficient food. Coping strategies currently utilized to manage food insecurity are largely reactive and short-term in nature, and could increase food system vulnerability to future stresses. Intervention by local, territorial and federal governments is required to implement, coordinate and monitor strategies to enhance women’s food security, strengthen the food system, and reduce vulnerability to future stressors. Key words: Food security; food insecurity; Inuit; women; Nunavut; climate change; social determinants of health AU - Beaumier, M. AU - Ford, J. D. DA - 2010-04-22 DO - 10.17269/cjph.101.1864 ET - 2010-05-01 IS - 3 KW - Food security, Inuit, women, Nunavut, climate change, socio-economic determinant PY - 2010 SN - 1920-7476 SP - 196-201 ST - Food insecurity among Inuit women exacerbated by socio-economic stresses and climate change T2 - Canadian Journal of Public Health TI - Food insecurity among Inuit women exacerbated by socio-economic stresses and climate change VL - 101 ID - 25831 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Beaver, Janice Cheryl CY - Washington, DC NV - CRS Report for Congress PB - Congressional Research Service PY - 2006 SN - Order code RS21729 SP - 5 ST - U.S. International Border: Brief Facts TI - U.S. International Border: Brief Facts UR - https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS21729.pdf ID - 26150 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Beavers, Rebecca AU - Babson, Amanda AU - Schupp, Courtney CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service PY - 2016 SN - NPS 999/134090 SP - 140 ST - Coastal Adaptation Strategies Handbook TI - Coastal Adaptation Strategies Handbook UR - https://www.nps.gov/subjects/climatechange/coastalhandbook.htm ID - 21873 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bebber, Daniel P. AU - Ramotowski, Mark A. T. AU - Gurr, Sarah J. DA - 11//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate1990 IS - 11 M3 - Letter PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X SP - 985-988 ST - Crop pests and pathogens move polewards in a warming world T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Crop pests and pathogens move polewards in a warming world VL - 3 ID - 21157 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bechmann, Renée Katrin AU - Taban, Ingrid Christina AU - Westerlund, Stig AU - Godal, Brit Fjone AU - Arnberg, Maj AU - Vingen, Sjur AU - Ingvarsdottir, Anna AU - Baussant, Thierry DA - 2011/03/15 DO - 10.1080/15287394.2011.550460 IS - 7-9 PY - 2011 SN - 1528-7394 SP - 424-438 ST - Effects of ocean acidification on early life stages of shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and mussel (Mytilus edulis) T2 - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A TI - Effects of ocean acidification on early life stages of shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and mussel (Mytilus edulis) VL - 74 ID - 22359 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Beck Consulting CY - Red Lodge, MT PB - Prepared by Beck Consulting for Northern Cheyenne Tribe PY - 2007 SP - 30 ST - Northern Cheyenne Tribe Drought Mitigation Plan TI - Northern Cheyenne Tribe Drought Mitigation Plan UR - https://drought.unl.edu/archive/plans/drought/tribal/NorthernCheyenne_2007.pdf ID - 21678 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The role of water security in sustainable development and in the nexus of water, food, energy and climate interactions is examined from the starting point of the definition of water security offered by Grey and Sadoff. Much about the notion of security has to do with the presumption of scarcity in the resources required to meet human needs. The treatment of scarcity in mainstream economics is in turn examined, therefore, in relation to how each of us as individuals reconciles means with ends, a procedure at the core of the idea of sustainable development. According to the Grey-Sadoff definition, attaining water security amounts to achieving basic, single-sector water development as a precursor of more general, self-sustaining, multi-sectoral development. This is consistent with the way in which water is treated as “first among equals”, i.e. privileged, in thinking about what is key in achieving security around the nexus of water, food, energy and climate. Cities, of course, are locations where demands for these multiple resource-energy flows are increasingly being generated. The paper discusses two important facets of security, i.e., diversity of access to resources and services (such as sanitation) and resilience in the behavior of coupled human-built-natural systems. Eight quasi-operational principles, by which to gauge nexus security with respect to city buildings and infrastructure, are developed. AU - Beck, Michael Bruce AU - Villarroel Walker, Rodrigo DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s11783-013-0548-6 IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 2095-221X SP - 626-639 ST - On water security, sustainability, and the water-food-energy-climate nexus T2 - Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering TI - On water security, sustainability, and the water-food-energy-climate nexus VL - 7 ID - 23257 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beck, Michael W. AU - Heck, Kenneth L. AU - Able, Kenneth W. AU - Childers, Daniel L. AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Gillanders, Bronwyn M. AU - Halpern, Benjamin AU - Hays, Cynthia G. AU - Hoshino, Kaho AU - Minello, Thomas J. AU - Orth, Robert J. AU - Sheridan, Peter F. AU - Weinstein, Michael P. DO - 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0633:TICAMO]2.0.CO;2 IS - 8 N1 - 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0633:TICAMO]2.0.CO;2 PY - 2001 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 633-641 ST - The identification, conservation, and management of estuarine and marine nurseries for fish and invertebrates: A better understanding of the habitats that serve as nurseries for marine species and the factors that create site-specific variability in nursery quality will improve conservation and management of these areas T2 - BioScience TI - The identification, conservation, and management of estuarine and marine nurseries for fish and invertebrates: A better understanding of the habitats that serve as nurseries for marine species and the factors that create site-specific variability in nursery quality will improve conservation and management of these areas VL - 51 ID - 21862 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Becker, Austin AU - Hippe, Ariel AU - Mclean, Elizabeth DO - 10.3390/jmse5030044 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SN - 2077-1312 SP - 44 ST - Cost and materials required to retrofit US seaports in response to sea level rise: A thought exercise for climate response T2 - Journal of Marine Science and Engineering TI - Cost and materials required to retrofit US seaports in response to sea level rise: A thought exercise for climate response VL - 5 ID - 25469 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Becker, A. AU - Inoue, S. AU - Fischer, M. AU - Schwegler, B. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0043-7 IS - 1-2 PY - 2012 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 5-29 ST - Climate change impacts on international seaports: Knowledge, perceptions, and planning efforts among port administrators T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change impacts on international seaports: Knowledge, perceptions, and planning efforts among port administrators VL - 110 ID - 12598 ER - TY - JOUR AB - With 80 % of world trade carried by sea, seaports provide crucial linkages in global supply-chains and are essential for the ability of all countries to access global markets. Seaports are likely to be affected directly and indirectly by climatic changes, with broader implications for international trade and development. Due to their coastal location, seaports are particularly vulnerable to extreme weather events associated with increasing sea levels and tropical storm activity, as illustrated by hurricane “Sandy”. In view of their strategic role as part of the globalized trading system, adapting ports in different parts of the world to the impacts of climate change is of considerable importance. Reflecting the views of a diverse group of stakeholders with expertise in climate science, engineering, economics, policy, and port management, this essay highlights the climate change challenge for ports and suggests a way forward through the adoption of some initial measures. These include both “soft” and “hard” adaptations that may be spearheaded by individual port entities, but will require collaboration and support from a broad range of public and private sector stakeholders and from society at large. In particular, the essay highlights a need to shift to more holistic planning, investment and operation. AU - Becker, Austin H. AU - Acciaro, Michele AU - Asariotis, Regina AU - Cabrera, Edgard AU - Cretegny, Laurent AU - Crist, Philippe AU - Esteban, Miguel AU - Mather, Andrew AU - Messner, Steve AU - Naruse, Susumu AU - Ng, Adolf K. Y. AU - Rahmstorf, Stefan AU - Savonis, Michael AU - Song, Dong-Wook AU - Stenek, Vladimir AU - Velegrakis, Adonis F. DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0843-z IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 683-695 ST - A note on climate change adaptation for seaports: A challenge for global ports, a challenge for global society T2 - Climatic Change TI - A note on climate change adaptation for seaports: A challenge for global ports, a challenge for global society VL - 120 ID - 24534 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Becker, Austin Howard AU - Matson, Pamela AU - Fischer, Martin AU - Mastrandrea, Michael D. DA - 2015/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.progress.2013.11.002 KW - Climate change Adaptation Resilience Disasters Seaports Stakeholder analysis Impact assessment PY - 2015 SN - 0305-9006 SP - 1-49 ST - Towards seaport resilience for climate change adaptation: Stakeholder perceptions of hurricane impacts in Gulfport (MS) and Providence (RI) T2 - Progress in Planning TI - Towards seaport resilience for climate change adaptation: Stakeholder perceptions of hurricane impacts in Gulfport (MS) and Providence (RI) VL - 99 ID - 24043 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Becker, Emily CY - Silver Spring, MD M1 - June 9 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2016 ST - June 2016 ENSO Discussion: The New Neutral T2 - Climate.gov ENSO Discussion TI - June 2016 ENSO Discussion: The New Neutral UR - https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/june-enso-discussion-new-neutral ID - 24151 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sea-level rise is a major factor in wetland loss worldwide, and in much of Chesapeake Bay (USA) the rate of sea-level rise is higher than the current global rate of 3.2 mm yr-1 due to regional subsidence. Marshes along estuarine salinity gradients differ in vegetation composition, productivity, decomposition pathways, and sediment dynamics, and may exhibit different responses to sea-level rise. Coastal marshes persist by building vertically at rates at or exceeding regional sea-level rise. In one of the first studies to examine elevation dynamics across an estuarine salinity gradient, we installed 15 surface elevation tables (SET) and accretion marker-horizon plots (MH) in tidal freshwater, oligohaline, and brackish marshes across a Chesapeake Bay subestuary. Over the course of four years, wetlands across the subestuary decreased 1.8 ± 2.7 mm yr-1 in elevation on average, at least 5 mm yr-1 below that needed to keep pace with global sea-level rise. Elevation change rates did not significantly differ among the marshes studied, and ranged from -9.8 ± 6.9 to 4.5 ± 4.3 mm yr-1. Surface accretion of deposited mineral and organic matter was uniformly high across the estuary (~9–15 mm yr-1), indicating that elevation loss was not due to lack of accretionary input. Position in the estuary and associated salinity regime were not related to elevation change or surface matter accretion. Previous studies have focused on surface elevation change in marshes of uniform salinity (e.g., salt marshes); however, our findings highlight the need for elevation studies in marshes of all salinity regimes and different geomorphic positions, and warn that brackish, oligohaline, and freshwater tidal wetlands may be at similarly high risk of submergence in some estuaries. AU - Beckett, Leah H. AU - Baldwin, Andrew H. AU - Kearney, Michael S. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0159753 IS - 7 PY - 2016 SP - e0159753 ST - Tidal marshes across a Chesapeake Bay subestuary are not keeping up with sea-level rise T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Tidal marshes across a Chesapeake Bay subestuary are not keeping up with sea-level rise VL - 11 ID - 21861 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bednaršek, N. AU - Feely, R. A. AU - Reum, J. C. P. AU - Peterson, B. AU - Menkel, J. AU - Alin, S. R. AU - Hales, B. DO - 10.1098/rspb.2014.0123 IS - 1785 M3 - 10.1098/rspb.2014.0123 PY - 2014 ST - Limacina helicina shell dissolution as an indicator of declining habitat suitability owing to ocean acidification in the California Current Ecosystem T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Limacina helicina shell dissolution as an indicator of declining habitat suitability owing to ocean acidification in the California Current Ecosystem VL - 281 ID - 22171 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bednaršek, N. AU - Feely, R. A. AU - Tolimieri, N. AU - Hermann, A. J. AU - Siedlecki, S. A. AU - Waldbusser, G. G. AU - McElhany, P. AU - Alin, S. R. AU - Klinger, T. AU - Moore-Maley, B. AU - Pörtner, H. O. DA - 2017/07/03 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-03934-z IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 4526 ST - Exposure history determines pteropod vulnerability to ocean acidification along the US West Coast T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Exposure history determines pteropod vulnerability to ocean acidification along the US West Coast VL - 7 ID - 22172 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bednaršek, Nina AU - Harvey, Chris J. AU - Kaplan, Isaac C. AU - Feely, Richard A. AU - Možina, Jasna DA - 2016/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.04.002 PY - 2016 SN - 0079-6611 SP - 1-24 ST - Pteropods on the edge: Cumulative effects of ocean acidification, warming, and deoxygenation T2 - Progress in Oceanography TI - Pteropods on the edge: Cumulative effects of ocean acidification, warming, and deoxygenation VL - 145 ID - 22173 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bednaršek, N. AU - Klinger, T. AU - Harvey, C. J. AU - Weisberg, S. AU - McCabe, R. M. AU - Feely, R. A. AU - Newton, J. AU - Tolimieri, N. DA - 2017/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.01.025 KW - Ocean acidification Water quality assessment Pteropod Indicator Sentinel species Ocean acidification management PY - 2017 SN - 1470-160X SP - 240-244 ST - New ocean, new needs: Application of pteropod shell dissolution as a biological indicator for marine resource management T2 - Ecological Indicators TI - New ocean, new needs: Application of pteropod shell dissolution as a biological indicator for marine resource management VL - 76 ID - 22174 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BackgroundExertional heat illness (EHI) affects military personnel, athletes and occupational groups such as agricultural workers, despite knowledge of preventive measures.AimsTo evaluate EHI diagnoses during US Army basic training and its associations with fitness and body fat on entering military service.MethodsFrom February 2005 to September 2006, US Army recruits at six different military entrance stations took a pre-accession fitness test, including a 5-min step test scored as pass or fail. Subsequent EHI incidence and incidence rate ratios were analysed with reference to subjects’ fitness (step test performance) and whether they met (weight qualified [WQ]) or exceeded body fat (EBF) standards.ResultsAmong the 8621 WQ and 834 EBF male subjects, there were 67 incidents of EHI within 180 days of entering military service. Among WQ subjects, step test failure was significantly associated with EHI (odds ratio [OR] 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13, 3.53). For those passing the step test, the risk of EHI was significantly higher in EBF than in WQ subjects (OR 3.98, 95% CI 2.17, 7.29). Expected ORs for the joint effects of step test failure and EBF classification under additive and multiplicative models were 4.98 and 7.96, respectively. There were too few women to evaluate their data in detail.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that fitness and body fat are independently associated with incident EHI, and the effect of both was substantially higher. Those with low fitness levels and/or obesity should be evaluated further before engaging in intense physical activity, especially in warmer months. AU - Bedno, S. A. AU - Urban, N. AU - Boivin, M. R. AU - Cowan, D. N. DO - 10.1093/occmed/kqu062 IS - 6 N1 - 10.1093/occmed/kqu062 PY - 2014 SN - 0962-7480 SP - 461-467 ST - Fitness, obesity and risk of heat illness among army trainees T2 - Occupational Medicine TI - Fitness, obesity and risk of heat illness among army trainees VL - 64 ID - 23723 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An important question for salmon restoration efforts in the western USA is ‘How should habitat restoration plans be altered to accommodate climate change effects on stream flow and temperature?’ We developed a decision support process for adapting salmon recovery plans that incorporates (1) local habitat factors limiting salmon recovery, (2) scenarios of climate change effects on stream flow and temperature, (3) the ability of restoration actions to ameliorate climate change effects, and (4) the ability of restoration actions to increase habitat diversity and salmon population resilience. To facilitate the use of this decision support framework, we mapped scenarios of future stream flow and temperature in the Pacific Northwest region and reviewed literature on habitat restoration actions to determine whether they ameliorate a climate change effect or increase life history diversity and salmon resilience. Under the climate change scenarios considered here, summer low flows decrease by 35–75% west of the Cascade Mountains, maximum monthly flows increase by 10–60% across most of the region, and stream temperatures increase between 2 and 6°C by 2070–2099. On the basis of our literature review, we found that restoring floodplain connectivity, restoring stream flow regimes, and re‐aggrading incised channels are most likely to ameliorate stream flow and temperature changes and increase habitat diversity and population resilience. By contrast, most restoration actions focused on in‐stream rehabilitation are unlikely to ameliorate climate change effects. Finally, we illustrate how the decision support process can be used to evaluate whether climate change should alter the types or priority of restoration actions in a salmon habitat restoration plan. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. AU - Beechie, T. AU - Imaki, H. AU - Greene, J. AU - Wade, A. AU - Wu, H. AU - Pess, G. AU - Roni, P. AU - Kimball, J. AU - Stanford, J. AU - Kiffney, P. AU - Mantua, N. DO - 10.1002/rra.2590 IS - 8 PY - 2013 SP - 939-960 ST - Restoring salmon habitat for a changing climate T2 - River Research and Applications TI - Restoring salmon habitat for a changing climate VL - 29 ID - 25742 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Of the primary responses to contemporary climate change – “move, adapt, acclimate, or die” – that are available to organisms, “acclimate” may be effectively achieved through behavioral modification. Behavioral flexibility allows animals to rapidly cope with changing environmental conditions, and behavior represents an important component of a species’ adaptive capacity in the face of climate change. However, there is currently a lack of knowledge about the limits or constraints on behavioral responses to changing conditions. Here, we characterize the contexts in which organisms respond to climate variability through behavior. First, we quantify patterns in behavioral responses across taxa with respect to timescales, climatic stimuli, life‐history traits, and ecology. Next, we identify existing knowledge gaps, research biases, and other challenges. Finally, we discuss how conservation practitioners and resource managers can incorporate an improved understanding of behavioral flexibility into natural resource management and policy decisions. AU - Beever, Erik A AU - Hall, L Embere AU - Varner, Johanna AU - Loosen, Anne E AU - Dunham, Jason B AU - Gahl, Megan K AU - Smith, Felisa A AU - Lawler, Joshua J DO - 10.1002/fee.1502 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SP - 299-308 ST - Behavioral flexibility as a mechanism for coping with climate change T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Behavioral flexibility as a mechanism for coping with climate change VL - 15 ID - 25741 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beever, Erik A. AU - O'Leary, John AU - Mengelt, Claudia AU - West, Jordan M. AU - Julius, Susan AU - Green, Nancy AU - Magness, Dawn AU - Petes, Laura AU - Stein, Bruce AU - Nicotra, Adrienne B. AU - Hellmann, Jessica J. AU - Robertson, Amanda L. AU - Staudinger, Michelle D. AU - Rosenberg, Andrew A. AU - Babij, Eleanora AU - Brennan, Jean AU - Schuurman, Gregor W. AU - Hofmann, Gretchen E. DO - 10.1111/conl.12190 IS - 2 KW - Climate adaptation climate change conservation management fundamental adaptive capacity policy-relevant research questions realized adaptive capacity vulnerability assessment PY - 2016 SN - 1755-263X SP - 131-137 ST - Improving conservation outcomes with a new paradigm for understanding species’ fundamental and realized adaptive capacity T2 - Conservation Letters TI - Improving conservation outcomes with a new paradigm for understanding species’ fundamental and realized adaptive capacity VL - 9 ID - 21860 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although biotic responses to contemporary climate change are spatially pervasive and often reflect synergies between climate and other ecological disturbances, the relative importance of climatic factors versus habitat extent for species persistence remains poorly understood. To address this shortcoming, we performed surveys for American pikas (Ochotona princeps) at > 910 locations in 3 geographic regions of western North America during 2014 and 2015, complementing earlier modern (1994–2013) and historical (1898–1990) surveys. We sought to compare extirpation rates and the relative importance of climatic factors versus habitat area for pikas in a mainland-versus-islands framework. In each region, we found widespread evidence of distributional loss—local extirpations, upslope retractions, and encounter of only old sign. Locally comprehensive surveys suggest extirpation of O. princeps from 5 of 9 new sites from the hydrographic Great Basin and from 11 of 29 sites in northeastern California. Although American pikas were recorded as recently as 2011 in Zion National Park and in 2012 from Cedar Breaks National Monument in Utah, O. princeps now appears extirpated from all reported localities in both park units. Multiple logistic regressions for each region suggested that both temperature-related and water-balance-related variables estimated from DAYMET strongly explained pika persistence at sites in the Great Basin and in Utah but not in the Sierra-Cascade “mainland” portion of northeastern California. Conversely, talus-habitat area did not predict American pika persistence in the Great Basin or Utah but strongly predicted persistence in the Sierra-Cascade mainland. These results not only add new areas to our understanding of long-term trend of the American pika’s distribution, but also can inform decisions regarding allocation of conservation effort and management actions. Burgeoning research on species such as O. princeps has collectively demonstrated the heterogeneity and nuance with which climate can act on the distribution of mountain-dwelling mammals.Aunque las respuestas bióticas al cambio climático contemporáneo son espacialmente generalizadas y frecuentemente reflejan sinergias entre el clima y otros disturbios ecológicos, la importancia relativa de factores climáticos frente al área de hábitat para el mantenimiento de especies sigue siendo poco conocida. Para subsanar esta deficiencia, realizamos muestreos de la pika Americana (Ochotona princeps) en más de 910 sitios en 3 regiones geográficas del oeste de Norteamérica durante 2014 y 2015, complementando muestreos realizados en tiempos recientes (1994–2013) e históricos (1898–1990). Comparamos las tasas de extirpación para dilucidar la importancia relativa de los factores climáticos con respeto al área del hábitat disponible de las pikas bajo un marco conceptual de áreas continentales frente a zonas aisladas. En cada región, encontramos amplia evidencia en la pérdida de área de distribución - extinciones locales, desapariciones de las zonas bajas, y encuentro sólo de evidencia de ocupación pasada. Estudios localmente exhaustivos sugieren la extirpación de O. princeps en 5 de las 9 localidades nuevas muestreadas de la Gran Cuenca Hidrográfica (Great Basin), y en 11 de las 29 localidades en el noreste de California. Aunque las pikas todavía se encontraban en fechas recientes como en 2011 en el Parque Nacional Zion y en el Monumento Nacional Cedar Breaks en Utah en 2012, O. princeps ahora parece extirpada de todas las localidades donde fue encontrada anteriormente en ambos parques. Regresiones logísticas múltiples para cada región basados en factores ambientales como la temperatura y los factores relacionados con el balance del agua (ambos estimados por el DAYMET) explicaron claramente el patrón de persistencia de la pika en localidades de la Gran Cuenca y en Utah, pero no en el noreste de California, en el área “continental” de la montañas de Sierra Nevada y Cascades. Por el contrario, el hábitat de talud no p edijo la persistencia de la pika en los sitios aislados en la Gran Cuenca y en Utah, pero lo predijo significativamente en el área continental (i.e., en las montañas de Sierra Nevada y Cascades). Estos resultados incrementan el conocimiento sobre la distribución histórica y la tendencia a largo plazo de la pika Americana. Este conocimiento también puede ayudar en la toma de decisiones sobre las prioridades en las acciones en conservación y manejo. El avance en conjunto en investigaciones de especies como O. princeps ha demostrado la heterogeneidad y la forma con que el clima actúa de diferente manera sobre la distribución de los mamíferos de montaña. AU - Beever, Erik A. AU - Perrine, John D. AU - Rickman, Tom AU - Flores, Mary AU - Clark, John P. AU - Waters, Cassie AU - Weber, Shana S. AU - Yardley, Braden AU - Thoma, David AU - Chesley-Preston, Tara AU - Goehring, Kenneth E. AU - Magnuson, Michael AU - Nordensten, Nancy AU - Nelson, Melissa AU - Collins, Gail H. DO - 10.1093/jmammal/gyw128 IS - 6 N1 - 10.1093/jmammal/gyw128 PY - 2016 SN - 0022-2372 SP - 1495-1511 ST - Pika (Ochotona princeps) losses from two isolated regions reflect temperature and water balance, but reflect habitat area in a mainland region T2 - Journal of Mammalogy TI - Pika (Ochotona princeps) losses from two isolated regions reflect temperature and water balance, but reflect habitat area in a mainland region VL - 97 ID - 23724 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fresh groundwater discharge to coastal environments contributes to the physical and chemical conditions of coastal waters, but the role of coastal groundwater at regional to continental scales remains poorly defined due to diverse hydrologic conditions and the difficulty of tracking coastal groundwater flow paths through heterogeneous subsurface materials. We use three‐dimensional groundwater flow models for the first time to calculate the magnitude and source areas of groundwater discharge from unconfined aquifers to coastal waterbodies along the entire eastern U.S. We find that 27.1 km3/yr (22.8–30.5 km3/yr) of groundwater directly enters eastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico coastal waters. The contributing recharge areas comprised ~175,000 km2 of U.S. land area, extending several kilometers inland. This result provides new information on the land area that can supply natural and anthropogenic constituents to coastal waters via groundwater discharge, thereby defining the subterranean domain potentially affecting coastal chemical budgets and ecosystem processes. AU - Befus, Kevin M. AU - Kroeger, Kevin D. AU - Smith, Christopher G. AU - Swarzenski, Peter W. DO - 10.1002/2017GL075238 IS - 20 PY - 2017 SP - 10,396-10,406 ST - The magnitude and origin of groundwater discharge to eastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico coastal waters T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - The magnitude and origin of groundwater discharge to eastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico coastal waters VL - 44 ID - 25468 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beggs, P. J. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02061.x IS - 10 N1 - Ch3,6,7 PY - 2004 SN - 0954-7894 1365-2222 SP - 1507-1513 ST - Impacts of climate change on aeroallergens: Past and future T2 - Clinical & Experimental Allergy TI - Impacts of climate change on aeroallergens: Past and future VL - 34 ID - 16476 ER - TY - EDBOOK AB - Climate change has been identified as the biggest global health threat of the twenty-first century. Hundreds of millions of people around the world currently suffer from allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (hay fever), and the prevalence of these diseases is increasing. This book is the first authoritative and comprehensive assessment of the many impacts of climate change on allergens, such as pollen and mould spores, and allergic diseases. The international authorship team of leaders in this field explore the topic to a breadth and depth far beyond any previous work. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in climate change, environmental allergens, and related allergic diseases. It is written at a level that is accessible for those working in related physical, biological, and health and medical sciences, including researchers, academics, clinicians, and advanced students. AU - Beggs, Paul J. CY - Cambridge DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/CBO9781107272859 DP - Cambridge University Press PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2016 SN - 9781107048935 SP - 193 ST - Impacts of Climate Change on Allergens and Allergic Diseases TI - Impacts of Climate Change on Allergens and Allergic Diseases ID - 24274 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Behr, Joshua G. AU - Diaz, Rafael AU - Mitchell, Molly IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 0042-0271 SP - 1-6 ST - Building resiliency in response to sea level rise and recurrent flooding: Comprehensive planning in Hampton Roads T2 - The Virginia News Letter TI - Building resiliency in response to sea level rise and recurrent flooding: Comprehensive planning in Hampton Roads UR - https://vig.coopercenter.org/sites/vig/files/VirginiaNewsLetter_2016_V92-N1.pdf VL - 92 ID - 24437 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study uses an extensive dataset of monthly surface air temperature (SAT) records (including previously unutilized) from high-latitude (>60°N) meteorological land stations. Most records have been updated by very recent observations (up to December 2008). Using these data, a high-latitude warming rate of 1.36°C century−1 is documented for 1875–2008—the trend is almost 2 times stronger than the Northern Hemisphere trend (0.79°C century−1), with an accelerated warming rate in the most recent decade (1.35°C decade−1). Stronger warming in high-latitude regions is a manifestation of polar amplification (PA). Changes in SAT suggest two spatial scales of PA—hemispheric and local. A new stable statistical measure of PA linking high-latitude and hemispheric temperature anomalies via a regression relationship is proposed. For 1875–2008, this measure yields PA of ∼1.62. Local PA related to the ice–albedo feedback mechanisms is autumnal and coastal, extending several hundred kilometers inland. Heat budget estimates suggest that a recent reduction of arctic ice and anomalously high SATs cannot be explained by ice–albedo feedback mechanisms alone, and the role of large-scale mechanisms of PA of global warming should not be overlooked. AU - Bekryaev, Roman V. AU - Polyakov, Igor V. AU - Alexeev, Vladimir A. DO - 10.1175/2010jcli3297.1 IS - 14 KW - Arctic,Temperature,Albedo,Sea ice,Radiative forcing PY - 2010 SP - 3888-3906 ST - Role of polar amplification in long-term surface air temperature variations and modern Arctic warming T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Role of polar amplification in long-term surface air temperature variations and modern Arctic warming VL - 23 ID - 20784 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Belkin, Igor C4 - 594bee23-c085-4cdd-8480-9d6fd1658c4e CY - Nairobi PB - United Nations Environment Programme PY - 2016 SP - 101-109 ST - Chapter 5.2: Sea surface temperature trends in large marine ecosystems T2 - Large Marine Ecosystems: Status and Trends TI - Chapter 5.2: Sea surface temperature trends in large marine ecosystems UR - http://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/13456/UNEP_DEWA_TWAP%20VOLUME%204%20REPORT_FINAL_4_MAY.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y,%20English%20-%20Summary VL - 4 ID - 20669 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this study, we focus on water quality as a vehicle to illustrate the role that the water, energy, and food (WEF) Nexus perspective may have in promoting ecosystem services in agriculture. The mediation of water quality by terrestrial systems is a key ecosystem service for a range of actors (municipalities, fishers, industries, and energy providers) and is reshaped radically by agricultural activity. To address these impacts, many programs exist to promote improved land-use practices in agriculture; however, where these practices incur a cost or other burden to the farmer, adoption can be low unless some form of incentive is provided (as in a payment for ecosystem services (PES) program). Provision of such incentives can be a challenge to sustain in the long term, if there is not a clear beneficiary or other actor willing to provide them. Successfully closing the loop between impacts and incentives often requires identifying a measurable and valuable service with a clear central beneficiary that is impacted by the summative effects of the diffuse agricultural practices across the landscape. Drawing on cases from our own research, we demonstrate how the WEF Nexus perspective—by integrating non-point-source agricultural problems under well-defined energy issues—can highlight central beneficiaries of improved agricultural practice, where none may have existed otherwise. AU - Bell, Andrew AU - Matthews, Nathanial AU - Zhang, Wei DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s13412-016-0366-9 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 2190-6491 SP - 183-191 ST - Opportunities for improved promotion of ecosystem services in agriculture under the Water-Energy-Food Nexus T2 - Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences TI - Opportunities for improved promotion of ecosystem services in agriculture under the Water-Energy-Food Nexus VL - 6 ID - 25369 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bell, David M. AU - Bradford, John B. AU - Lauenroth, William K. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12504 IS - 5 KW - climate change demography dominance forest inventory and analysis productivity suitability tree species upslope migration PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1441-1451 ST - Mountain landscapes offer few opportunities for high-elevation tree species migration T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Mountain landscapes offer few opportunities for high-elevation tree species migration VL - 20 ID - 22018 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bell, Johann AU - Taylor, Mary CY - Penang, Malaysia DA - 2015 KW - Adaptation policy marine ecosystems terrestrial ecosystems impact fisheries agriculture NV - Program Report 2015-15 PB - WorldFish PY - 2015 SN - 2015-15 ST - Building Climate-Resilient Food Systems for Pacific Islands TI - Building Climate-Resilient Food Systems for Pacific Islands UR - http://pubs.iclarm.net/resource_centre/2015-15.pdf ID - 22392 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pacific Island countries have an extraordinary dependence on fisheries and aquaculture. Maintaining the benefits from the sector is a difficult task, now made more complex by climate change. Here we report how changes to the atmosphere–ocean are likely to affect the food webs, habitats and stocks underpinning fisheries and aquaculture across the region. We found winners and losers—tuna are expected to be more abundant in the east and freshwater aquaculture and fisheries are likely to be more productive. Conversely, coral reef fisheries could decrease by 20% by 2050 and coastal aquaculture may be less efficient. We demonstrate how the economic and social implications can be addressed within the sector—tuna and freshwater aquaculture can help support growing populations as coral reefs, coastal fisheries and mariculture decline. AU - Bell, Johann D. AU - Ganachaud, Alexandre AU - Gehrke, Peter C. AU - Griffiths, Shane P. AU - Hobday, Alistair J. AU - Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove AU - Johnson, Johanna E. AU - Le Borgne, Robert AU - Lehodey, Patrick AU - Lough, Janice M. AU - Matear, Richard J. AU - Pickering, Timothy D. AU - Pratchett, Morgan S. AU - Gupta, Alex Sen AU - Senina, Inna AU - Waycott, Michelle DA - 2013/06// DO - 10.1038/nclimate1838 DP - www.nature.com IS - 6 KW - Ecosystems coral reefs Adaptation marine ecosystems fisheries Resilience freshwater ecosystems ocean and marine resources Freshwater ecology LA - en PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X SP - 591-599 ST - Mixed responses of tropical Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Mixed responses of tropical Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change VL - 3 Y2 - 2016/08/05/21:24:11 ID - 22393 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Bell, Jesse E. AU - Herring, Stephanie C. AU - Jantarasami, Lesley AU - Adrianopoli, Carl AU - Benedict, Kaitlin AU - Conlon, Kathryn AU - Escobar, Vanessa AU - Hess, Jeremy AU - Luvall, Jeffrey AU - Garcia-Pando, Carlos Perez AU - Quattrochi, Dale AU - Runkle, Jennifer AU - Schreck, Carl J., III C4 - 0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0BZ63ZV PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 99–128 ST - Ch. 4: Impacts of extreme events on human health T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 4: Impacts of extreme events on human health ID - 19376 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Previous research provided evidence of an association between short-term exposure to ozone and mortality risk and of heterogeneity in the risk across communities. The authors investigated whether this heterogeneity can be explained by community-specific characteristics: race, income, education, urbanization, transportation use, particulate matter and ozone levels, number of ozone monitors, weather, and use of air conditioning. Their study included data on 98 US urban communities for 1987 to 2000 from the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study; US Census; and American Housing Survey. On average across the communities, a 10-ppb increase in the previous week's ozone level was associated with a 0.52% (95% posterior interval: 0.28, 0.77) increase in mortality. The authors found that community-level characteristics modify the relation between ozone and mortality. Higher effect estimates were associated with higher unemployment, fraction of the Black/African-American population, and public transportation use and with lower temperatures or prevalence of central air conditioning. These differences may relate to underlying health status, differences in exposure, or other factors. Results show that some segments of the population may face higher health burdens of ozone pollution. AU - Bell, Michelle L. AU - Dominici, Francesca DO - 10.1093/aje/kwm396 IS - 8 N1 - 10.1093/aje/kwm396 PY - 2008 SN - 0002-9262 SP - 986-997 ST - Effect modification by community characteristics on the short-term effects of ozone exposure and mortality in 98 US communities T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology TI - Effect modification by community characteristics on the short-term effects of ozone exposure and mortality in 98 US communities VL - 167 ID - 24273 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bell, M.L. AU - Goldberg, R. AU - Hogrefe, C. AU - Kinney, P.L. AU - Knowlton, K. AU - Lynn, B. AU - Rosenthal, J. AU - Rosenzweig, C. AU - Patz, J.A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-006-9166-7 IS - 1-2 PY - 2007 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 61-76 ST - Climate change, ambient ozone, and health in 50 US cities T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change, ambient ozone, and health in 50 US cities VL - 82 ID - 12609 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Context  Ozone has been associated with various adverse health effects, including increased rates of hospital admissions and exacerbation of respiratory illnesses. Although numerous time-series studies have estimated associations between day-to-day variation in ozone levels and mortality counts, results have been inconclusive.Objective  To investigate whether short-term (daily and weekly) exposure to ambient ozone is associated with mortality in the United States.Design and Setting  Using analytical methods and databases developed for the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study, we estimated a national average relative rate of mortality associated with short-term exposure to ambient ozone for 95 large US urban communities from 1987-2000. We used distributed-lag models for estimating community-specific relative rates of mortality adjusted for time-varying confounders (particulate matter, weather, seasonality, and long-term trends) and hierarchical models for combining relative rates across communities to estimate a national average relative rate, taking into account spatial heterogeneity.Main Outcome Measure  Daily counts of total non–injury-related mortality and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 95 large US communities during a 14-year period.Results  A 10-ppb increase in the previous week’s ozone was associated with a 0.52% increase in daily mortality (95% posterior interval [PI], 0.27%-0.77%) and a 0.64% increase in cardiovascular and respiratory mortality (95% PI, 0.31%-0.98%). Effect estimates for aggregate ozone during the previous week were larger than for models considering only a single day’s exposure. Results were robust to adjustment for particulate matter, weather, seasonality, and long-term trends.Conclusions  These results indicate a statistically significant association between short-term changes in ozone and mortality on average for 95 large US urban communities, which include about 40% of the total US population. The findings indicate that this widespread pollutant adversely affects public health. AU - Bell, Michelle L. AU - McDermott, Aidan AU - Zeger, Scott L. AU - Samet, Jonathan M. AU - Dominici, Francesca DO - 10.1001/jama.292.19.2372 IS - 19 PY - 2004 SP - 2372-2378 ST - Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987-2000 T2 - JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association TI - Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987-2000 VL - 292 ID - 18880 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Marine organisms that utilize nearshore environments for major components of their life histories are subject to both local-scale forcing such as water quality and estuarine degradation as well as large-scale forcing such as fishing and decadal-scale climate variability. Large-scale forcing has the potential to synchronize the dynamics of subpopulations, while local-level forcing can produce asynchronous subpopulation trends. Summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) are important commercial and recreational flatfish along the east coast of North America which spend their first year of life in coastal habitats. We found that the two exhibited significant within-species coherence in commercial landings and fisheries-independent surveys across the northeast shelf of the United States, suggesting large-scale external drivers. In laboratory studies, temperature has been found to be an important factor regulating survival during the egg, larva and settlement phases of both species. We reconstructed a 40-year time-series of coastal water temperature for the major spawning and nursery areas to examine changes in the thermally available habitat. Estimates of winter flounder abundance were negatively correlated with the winter water temperature, but not with fishing mortality. Summer flounder abundance, by contrast, was negatively correlated with fishing mortality, but exhibited no link with temperature. In addition, time-varying stock–recruitment relationships indicated that stock productivity declined for winter flounder over time, while summer flounder productivity has varied without a trend. While both species declined in the 1980s and early 1990s due to heavy fishing pressure, the reduction in fishing over the last two decades has led to rebuilding of the summer flounder stock and an expansion of its age structure. Declining productivity due to warming estuarine conditions has kept the winter flounder stock at low levels despite low fishing pressure. The two stocks illustrate the importance of controlling fishing mortality in the management of natural marine resources while also accounting for changes in productivity due to climate variability and change. AU - Bell, Richard J. AU - Hare, Jonathan A. AU - Manderson, John P. AU - Richardson, David E. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsu069 IS - 9 N1 - 10.1093/icesjms/fsu069 PY - 2014 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 2416-2428 ST - Externally driven changes in the abundance of summer and winter flounder T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Externally driven changes in the abundance of summer and winter flounder VL - 71 ID - 24842 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change and fishing can have major impacts on the distribution of natural marine resources. Climate change alters the distribution of suitable habitat, forcing organisms to shift their range or attempt to survive under suboptimal conditions. Fishing reduces the abundance of marine populations and truncates their age structure leading to range contractions or shifts. Along the east coast of the United States, there have been major changes in fish populations due to the impacts of fishing and subsequent regulations, as well as changes in the climate. Black sea bass, scup, summer flounder, and winter flounder are important commercial and recreational species, which utilize inshore and offshore waters on the northeast shelf. We examined the distributions of the four species with the Northeast Fisheries Science Center trawl surveys to determine if the along-shelf centres of biomass had changed over time and if the changes were attributed to changes in temperature or fishing pressure through changes in abundance and length structure. Black sea bass, scup, and summer flounder exhibited significant poleward shifts in distributions in at least one season while the Southern New England/Mid-Atlantic Bight stock of winter flounder did not shift. Generalized additive modelling indicated that the changes in the centres of biomass for black sea bass and scup in spring were related to climate, while the change in the distribution of summer flounder was largely attributed to a decrease in fishing pressure and an expansion of the length–age structure. While the changes in ocean temperatures will have major impacts on the distribution of marine taxa, the effects of fishing can be of equivalent magnitude and on a more immediate time scale. It is important for management to take all factors into consideration when developing regulations for natural marine resources. AU - Bell, Richard J. AU - Richardson, David E. AU - Hare, Jonathan A. AU - Lynch, Patrick D. AU - Fratantoni, Paula S. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsu217 IS - 5 N1 - 10.1093/icesjms/fsu217 PY - 2015 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 1311-1322 ST - Disentangling the effects of climate, abundance, and size on the distribution of marine fish: An example based on four stocks from the Northeast US shelf T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Disentangling the effects of climate, abundance, and size on the distribution of marine fish: An example based on four stocks from the Northeast US shelf VL - 72 ID - 21859 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bellard, Céline AU - Bertelsmeier, Cleo AU - Leadley, Paul AU - Thuiller, Wilfried AU - Courchamp, Franck DO - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01736.x IS - 4 KW - Biodiversity climate change species extinctions PY - 2012 SN - 1461-0248 SP - 365-377 ST - Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity T2 - Ecology Letters TI - Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity VL - 15 ID - 24697 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bellassen, Valentin AU - Luyssaert, Sebastiaan IS - 7487 PY - 2014 SP - 153-155 ST - Carbon sequestration: Managing forests in uncertain times T2 - Nature TI - Carbon sequestration: Managing forests in uncertain times UR - https://www.nature.com/news/carbon-sequestration-managing-forests-in-uncertain-times-1.14687 VL - 503 ID - 22683 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Belmecheri, Soumaya AU - Babst, Flurin AU - Wahl, Eugene R. AU - Stahle, David W. AU - Trouet, Valerie DA - 01//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2809 IS - 1 M3 - Correspondence PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 2-3 ST - Multi-century evaluation of Sierra Nevada snowpack T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Multi-century evaluation of Sierra Nevada snowpack VL - 6 ID - 20850 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Belova, Anna AU - Mills, David AU - Hall, Ronald AU - Juliana, Alexis St. AU - Crimmins, Allison AU - Barker, Chris AU - Jones, Russell DO - 10.4236/ajcc.2017.61010 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - 75278 ST - Impacts of increasing temperature on the future incidence of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in the United States T2 - American Journal of Climate Change TI - Impacts of increasing temperature on the future incidence of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in the United States VL - 6 ID - 23725 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Benally, Suzanne IS - 2 M3 - Editorial PY - 2014 SP - 3 ST - Tribes in New England stand their ground T2 - Cultural Survival Quarterly TI - Tribes in New England stand their ground UR - https://issuu.com/culturalsurvival/docs/csq-382-june-2014 VL - 38 ID - 21874 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bendtsen, Jørgen AU - Hansen, Jørgen L. S. DA - 2013/08/24/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.06.018 KW - Hypoxia Climate change Baltic Sea Respiration PY - 2013 SN - 0304-3800 SP - 17-26 ST - Effects of global warming on hypoxia in the Baltic Sea–North Sea transition zone T2 - Ecological Modelling TI - Effects of global warming on hypoxia in the Baltic Sea–North Sea transition zone VL - 264 ID - 25582 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bennett, Amy C. AU - McDowell, Nathan G. AU - Allen, Craig D. AU - Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J. DA - 09/28/online DO - 10.1038/nplants.2015.139 M3 - Letter PY - 2015 SP - 15139 ST - Larger trees suffer most during drought in forests worldwide T2 - Nature Plants TI - Larger trees suffer most during drought in forests worldwide VL - 1 ID - 23663 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bennett, K. E. AU - Cannon, A. J. AU - Hinzman, L. DA - 8// DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.04.065 KW - Extreme events Streamflow Trends GEV Boreal Alaska PY - 2015 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 590-607 ST - Historical trends and extremes in boreal Alaska river basins T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Historical trends and extremes in boreal Alaska river basins VL - 527 ID - 22175 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Richmond, T.C. A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Bennett, T.M. Bull AU - Maynard, Nancy G. AU - Cochran, Patricia AU - Gough, Robert AU - Lynn, Kathy AU - Maldonado, Julie AU - Voggesser, Garrit AU - Wotkyns, Susan AU - Cozzetto, Karen C4 - 93a1158a-17b9-43b9-9743-111f9c7ab8ab CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J09G5JR1 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 297-317 ST - Ch. 12: Indigenous peoples, lands, and resources T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 12: Indigenous peoples, lands, and resources ID - 8656 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bensassi, Sami AU - Stroeve, Julienne C. AU - Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada AU - Barrett, Andrew P. DO - 10.12952/journal.elementa.000107 IS - 107 PY - 2016 SP - 11 ST - Melting ice, growing trade? T2 - Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene TI - Melting ice, growing trade? VL - 4 ID - 22176 ER - TY - RPRT A4 - Station, USFS Rocky Mountain Research AU - Bentz, Barbara AU - Logan, Jesse AU - MacMahon, Jim AU - Allen, Craig D. AU - Ayres, Matt AU - Berg, Ed AU - Carroll, Allan AU - Hansen, Matt AU - Hicke, Jeff AU - Joyce, Linda AU - Macfarlane, Wallace AU - Munson, Steve AU - Negron, Jose AU - Paine, Tim AU - Powell, Jim AU - Raffa, Ken AU - Regniere, Jacques AU - Reid, Mary AU - Romme, Bill AU - Seybold, Steven J. AU - Six, Diana AU - Tomback, Diana AU - Vandygriff, Jim AU - Veblen, Tom AU - White, Mike AU - Witcosky, Jeff AU - Wood, David CY - Salt Lake City, UT PB - University of Utah Press (for USFS) PY - 2009 SN - Bark Beetle Symposium; Snowbird, UT; November, 2005. SP - 42 ST - Bark Beetle Outbreaks in Western North America: Causes and Consequences TI - Bark Beetle Outbreaks in Western North America: Causes and Consequences UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/43479 ID - 25147 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Hofstetter, Richard W. AU - Bentz, Barbara J. AU - Jönsson, Anna Maria C4 - 04bcac75-caf7-452a-b1c8-de49f216c240 CY - San Diego DO - 10.1016/B978-0-12-417156-5.00013-7 KW - bark beetles climate change Dendroctonus development time global warming Hylobius Hypothenemus Ips model temperature PB - Academic Press PY - 2015 SN - 978-0-12-417156-5 SP - 533-553 ST - Chapter 13: Modeling bark beetle responses to climate change T2 - Bark Beetles: Biology and Ecology of Native and Invasive Species TI - Chapter 13: Modeling bark beetle responses to climate change ID - 24293 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Bentz, BJ; US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT USA; US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT USA; US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT USA; Canadian Forest Serv, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA USA; US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA; Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA; US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA; US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA AU - Bentz, B. J. AU - Régnière, J. AU - Fettig, C. J. AU - Hansen, E. M. AU - Hayes, J. L. AU - Hicke, J. A. AU - Kelsey, R. G. AU - Negrón, J. F. AU - Seybold, S. J. C6 - NCA DA - Sep 10 DO - 10.1525/Bio.2010.60.8.6 IS - 8 KW - cold tolerance; mountain pine beetle; seasonality; spruce beetle; temperature; mountain pine-beetle; spruce beetles; dendroctonus-ponderosae; intermountain west; forest ecosystems; cold-hardiness; north-america; coleoptera; temperature; scolytidae LA - English PY - 2010 RN - http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1525/bio.2010.60.8.6 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 602-613 ST - Climate change and bark beetles of the Western United States and Canada: Direct and indirect effects T2 - BioScience TI - Climate change and bark beetles of the Western United States and Canada: Direct and indirect effects VL - 60 ID - 12622 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Interdependent systems providing water and energy services are necessary for agriculture. Climate change and increased resource demands are expected to cause frequent and severe strains on these systems. Arizona is especially vulnerable to such strains due to its hot and arid climate. However, its climate enables year-round agricultural production, allowing Arizona to supply most of the country’s winter lettuce and vegetables. In addition to Phoenix and Tucson, cities including El Paso, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and San Diego rely on Arizona for several types of agricultural products such as animal feed and livestock, meaning that disruptions to Arizona’s agriculture also disrupt food supply chains to at least six major cities. Arizona’s predominately irrigated agriculture relies on water imported through an energy intensive process from water-stressed regions. Most irrigation in Arizona is electricity powered, so failures in energy or water systems can cascade to the food system, creating a food-energy-water (FEW) nexus of vulnerability. We construct a dynamic simulation model of the FEW nexus in Arizona to assess the potential impacts of increasing temperatures and disruptions to energy and water supplies on crop irrigation requirements, on-farm energy use, and yield. We use this model to identify critical points of intersection between energy, water, and agricultural systems and quantify expected increases in resource use and yield loss. Our model is based on threshold temperatures of crops, USDA and US Geological Survey data, Arizona crop budgets, and region-specific literature. We predict that temperature increase above the baseline could decrease yields by up to 12.2% per 1 °C for major Arizona crops and require increased irrigation of about 2.6% per 1 °C. Response to drought varies widely based on crop and phenophase, so we estimate irrigation interruption effects through scenario analysis. We provide an overview of potential adaptation measures farmers can take, and barriers to implementation. AU - Berardy, Andrew AU - Chester, Mikhail V. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa5e6d IS - 3 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 035004 ST - Climate change vulnerability in the food, energy, and water nexus: Concerns for agricultural production in Arizona and its urban export supply T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Climate change vulnerability in the food, energy, and water nexus: Concerns for agricultural production in Arizona and its urban export supply VL - 12 ID - 23267 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berdanier, Aaron B. AU - Clark, James S. DO - 10.1890/15-0274 IS - 1 KW - adaptive management drought forest long-term data morbidity mortality Piedmont Plateau, North Carolina, USA southern Appalachian Mountains, North Carolina, USA tree PY - 2016 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 17-23 ST - Multiyear drought-induced morbidity preceding tree death in southeastern U.S. forests T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Multiyear drought-induced morbidity preceding tree death in southeastern U.S. forests VL - 26 ID - 22019 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berg, Matty P. AU - Kiers, E. Toby AU - Driessen, Gerard AU - Van Der Heijden, Marcel AU - Kooi, Bob W. AU - Kuenen, Frans AU - Liefting, Maartje AU - Verhoef, Herman A. AU - Ellers, Jacintha DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02014.x IS - 2 KW - adaptation climate change dispersal interaction network phenotypic plasticity species interaction temperature thermal reaction norm warming PY - 2010 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 587-598 ST - Adapt or disperse: Understanding species persistence in a changing world T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Adapt or disperse: Understanding species persistence in a changing world VL - 16 ID - 25068 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changes to mean and extreme wet season precipitation over California on interannual time scales are analyzed using twenty-first-century precipitation data from 34 global climate models. Models disagree on the sign of projected changes in mean precipitation, although in most models the change is very small compared to historical and simulated levels of interannual variability. For the 2020/21–2059/60 period, there is no projected increase in the frequency of extremely dry wet seasons in the ensemble mean. Wet extremes are found to increase to around 2 times the historical frequency, which is statistically significant at the 95% level. Stronger signals emerge in the 2060/61–2099/2100 period. Across all models, extremely dry wet seasons are roughly 1.5 to 2 times more common, and wet extremes generally triple in their historical frequency (statistically significant). Large increases in precipitation variability in most models account for the modest increases to dry extremes. Increases in the frequency of wet extremes can be ascribed to equal contributions from increased variability and increases to the mean. These increases in the frequency of interannual precipitation extremes will create severe water management problems in a region where coping with large interannual variability in precipitation is already a challenge. Evidence from models and observations is examined to understand the causes of the low precipitation associated with the 2013/14 drought in California. These lines of evidence all strongly indicate that the low 2013/14 wet season precipitation total can be very likely attributed to natural variability, in spite of the projected future changes in extremes. AU - Berg, Neil AU - Hall, Alex DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-14-00624.1 IS - 16 PY - 2015 SP - 6324-6334 ST - Increased interannual precipitation extremes over California under climate change T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Increased interannual precipitation extremes over California under climate change VL - 28 ID - 25959 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berg, Neil AU - Hall, Alex DO - 10.1002/2016GL072104 IS - 5 KW - drought snowpack warming water resources Sierra Nevada 1637 Regional climate change PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 2511-2518 ST - Anthropogenic warming impacts on California snowpack during drought T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Anthropogenic warming impacts on California snowpack during drought VL - 44 ID - 23726 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Berger, Aaron M. AU - Grandin, Chris J. AU - Taylor, Ian G. AU - Edwards, Aandrew M. AU - Cox, Sean NV - Prepared by the Joint Technical Committee of the U.S. and Canada Pacific Hake/Whiting Agreement PB - National Marine Fisheries Service and Fisheries and Oceans Canada PY - 2017 SP - 202 ST - Status of the Pacific Hake (whiting) stock in U.S. and Canadian waters in 2017 TI - Status of the Pacific Hake (whiting) stock in U.S. and Canadian waters in 2017 UR - http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/fishery_management/groundfish/whiting/2017-hake-assessment.pdf ID - 22106 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berghuijs, Wouter R. AU - Woods, Ross A. AU - Hutton, Christopher J. AU - Sivapalan, M. DO - 10.1002/2016GL068070 IS - 9 KW - flood hydroclimatology precipitation soil moisture seasonality snow 1821 Floods 1817 Extreme events 1833 Hydroclimatology 1804 Catchment 1854 Precipitation PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 4382-4390 ST - Dominant flood generating mechanisms across the United States T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Dominant flood generating mechanisms across the United States VL - 43 ID - 19392 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Preventing heat-associated morbidity and mortality is a public health priority in Maricopa County, Arizona (United States). The objective of this project was to evaluate Maricopa County cooling centers and gain insight into their capacity to provide relief for the public during extreme heat events. During the summer of 2014, 53 cooling centers were evaluated to assess facility and visitor characteristics. Maricopa County staff collected data by directly observing daily operations and by surveying managers and visitors. The cooling centers in Maricopa County were often housed within community, senior, or religious centers, which offered various services for at least 1500 individuals daily. Many visitors were unemployed and/or homeless. Many learned about a cooling center by word of mouth or by having seen the cooling center’s location. The cooling centers provide a valuable service and reach some of the region’s most vulnerable populations. This project is among the first to systematically evaluate cooling centers from a public health perspective and provides helpful insight to community leaders who are implementing or improving their own network of cooling centers. AU - Berisha, Vjollca AU - Hondula, David AU - Roach, Matthew AU - White, Jessica R. AU - McKinney, Benita AU - Bentz, Darcie AU - Mohamed, Ahmed AU - Uebelherr, Joshua AU - Goodin, Kate DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-16-0033.1 IS - 1 KW - Climate change,Emergency preparedness,Societal impacts PY - 2017 SP - 71-80 ST - Assessing adaptation strategies for extreme heat: A public health evaluation of cooling centers in Maricopa County, Arizona T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Assessing adaptation strategies for extreme heat: A public health evaluation of cooling centers in Maricopa County, Arizona VL - 9 ID - 24138 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Berk Consulting CY - Seattle, WA PB - Berk Consulting PY - 2016 SP - various ST - State of Oregon: Public Health Modernization Assessment Report TI - State of Oregon: Public Health Modernization Assessment Report UR - http://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/ABOUT/TASKFORCE/Documents/PHModernizationReportwithAppendices.pdf ID - 24791 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berke, Philip AU - Lyles, Ward IS - 1 PY - 2013 SP - 181-208 ST - Public risks and the challenges to climate-change adaptation: A proposed framework for planning in the age of uncertainty T2 - Cityscape TI - Public risks and the challenges to climate-change adaptation: A proposed framework for planning in the age of uncertainty UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/41958963 VL - 15 ID - 25884 ER - TY - JOUR AB - State mitigation plans play a critical role in supporting disaster loss reduction and long-term resiliency of human communities. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires all states to prepare mitigation plans. Based on six principles of plan quality, we content analyzed a sample of 30 coastal state plans to determine how well they support mitigation. Findings indicate that although plans scored moderate to low for all plan quality principles, plan quality has modestly improved over the past decade. In addition, some states scored low for one principle, which can undermine implementation of otherwise high-scoring plans for the remaining principles. Recommendations are offered on how plan quality evaluation can be used to guide and monitor state development of hazard mitigation plans. AU - Berke, Philip AU - Smith, Gavin AU - Lyles, Ward DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000063 IS - 2 PY - 2012 SP - 139-149 ST - Planning for resiliency: Evaluation of state hazard mitigation plans under the disaster mitigation act T2 - Natural Hazards Review TI - Planning for resiliency: Evaluation of state hazard mitigation plans under the disaster mitigation act VL - 13 ID - 24191 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berkes, Fikret DA - 2009/12/01 DO - 10.1080/03014220909510568 IS - 4 PY - 2009 SN - 0303-6758 SP - 151-156 ST - Indigenous ways of knowing and the study of environmental change T2 - Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand TI - Indigenous ways of knowing and the study of environmental change VL - 39 ID - 21831 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berman, Jesse D. AU - Ebisu, Keita AU - Peng, Roger D. AU - Dominici, Francesca AU - Bell, Michelle L. DA - 2017/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30002-5 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2542-5196 SP - e17-e25 ST - Drought and the risk of hospital admissions and mortality in older adults in western USA from 2000 to 2013: A retrospective study T2 - The Lancet Planetary Health TI - Drought and the risk of hospital admissions and mortality in older adults in western USA from 2000 to 2013: A retrospective study VL - 1 ID - 21858 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The unabated rise in anthropogenic CO₂ emissions is predicted to strongly influence the ocean’s environment, increasing the mean sea-surface temperature by 4°C and causing a pH decline of 0.3 units by the year 2100. These changes are likely to affect the nutritional value of marine food sources since temperature and CO₂ can influence the fatty (FA) and amino acid (AA) composition of marine primary producers. Here, essential amino (EA) and polyunsaturated fatty (PUFA) acids are of particular importance due to their nutritional value to higher trophic levels. In order to determine the interactive effects of CO₂ and temperature on the nutritional quality of a primary producer, we analyzed the relative PUFA and EA composition of the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis cultured under a factorial matrix of 2 temperatures (14 and 19°C) and 3 partial pressures of CO₂ (180, 380, 750 μatm) for >250 generations. Our results show a decay of ~3% and ~6% in PUFA and EA content in algae kept at a pCO₂ of 750 μatm (high) compared to the 380 μatm (intermediate) CO₂ treatments at 14°C. Cultures kept at 19°C displayed a ~3% lower PUFA content under high compared to intermediate pCO₂, while EA did not show differences between treatments. Algae grown at a pCO₂ of 180 μatm (low) had a lower PUFA and AA content in relation to those at intermediate and high CO₂ levels at 14°C, but there were no differences in EA at 19°C for any CO₂ treatment. This study is the first to report adverse effects of warming and acidification on the EA of a primary producer, and corroborates previous observations of negative effects of these stressors on PUFA. Considering that only ~20% of essential biomolecules such as PUFA (and possibly EA) are incorporated into new biomass at the next trophic level, the potential impacts of adverse effects of ocean warming and acidification at the base of the food web may be amplified towards higher trophic levels, which rely on them as source of essential biomolecules. AU - Bermúdez, Rafael AU - Feng, Yuanyuan AU - Roleda, Michael Y. AU - Tatters, Avery O. AU - Hutchins, David A. AU - Larsen, Thomas AU - Boyd, Philip W. AU - Hurd, Catriona L. AU - Riebesell, Ulf AU - Winder, Monika DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0123945 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - e0123945 ST - Long-term conditioning to elevated pCO2 and warming influences the fatty and amino acid composition of the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Long-term conditioning to elevated pCO2 and warming influences the fatty and amino acid composition of the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis VL - 10 ID - 24137 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bernatchez, Antoine AU - Lapointe, Line DA - 2012/11/01 DO - 10.1139/b2012-089 IS - 11 PY - 2012 SN - 1916-2790 SP - 1125-1132 ST - Cooler temperatures favour growth of wild leek (Allium tricoccum), a deciduous forest spring ephemeral T2 - Botany TI - Cooler temperatures favour growth of wild leek (Allium tricoccum), a deciduous forest spring ephemeral VL - 90 Y2 - 2018/01/12 ID - 24294 ER - TY - JOUR AB - High temperatures and severe drought contributed to extensive tree mortality from fires and bark beetles during the 2000s in parts of the western continental United States. Several states in this region have greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets and would benefit from information on the amount of carbon stored in tree biomass killed by disturbance. We quantified mean annual tree mortality from fires, bark beetles, and timber harvest from 2003–2012 for each state in this region. We estimated tree mortality from fires and beetles using tree aboveground carbon (AGC) stock and disturbance data sets derived largely from remote sensing. We quantified tree mortality from harvest using data from US Forest Service reports. In both cases, we used Monte Carlo analyses to track uncertainty associated with parameter error and temporal variability. Regional tree mortality from harvest, beetles, and fires (MORT H+B+F ) together averaged 45.8 ± 16.0 Tg AGC yr −1 (±95% confidence interval), indicating a mortality rate of 1.10 ± 0.38% yr −1 . Harvest accounted for the largest percentage of MORT H+B+F (∼50%), followed by beetles (∼32%), and fires (∼18%). Tree mortality from harvest was concentrated in Washington and Oregon, where harvest accounted for ∼80% of MORT H+B+F in each state. Tree mortality from beetles occurred widely at low levels across the region, yet beetles had pronounced impacts in Colorado and Montana, where they accounted for ∼80% of MORT H+B+F . Tree mortality from fires was highest in California, though fires accounted for the largest percentage of MORT H+B+F in Arizona and New Mexico (∼50%). Drought and human activities shaped regional variation in tree mortality, highlighting opportunities and challenges to managing GHG emissions from forests. Rising temperatures and greater risk of drought will likely increase tree mortality from fires and bark beetles during coming decades in this region. Thus, sustained monitoring and mapping of tree mortality is necessary to inform forest and GHG management. AU - Berner, Logan T. AU - Law, Beverly E. AU - Meddens, Arjan J. H. AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa6f94 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 065005 ST - Tree mortality from fires, bark beetles, and timber harvest during a hot and dry decade in the western United States (2003–2012) T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Tree mortality from fires, bark beetles, and timber harvest during a hot and dry decade in the western United States (2003–2012) VL - 12 ID - 23664 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent controversy has led to calls for increased standardization and transparency in the methods used to synthesize climate change research. Though these debates have focused largely on the biophysical dimensions of climate change, human dimensions research is equally in need of improved methodological approaches for research synthesis. Systematic review approaches, and more recently realist review methods, have been used within the health sciences for decades to guide research synthesis. Despite this, penetration of these approaches into the social and environmental sciences has been limited. Here, we present an analysis of approaches for systematic review and research synthesis and examine their applicability in an adaptation context. Customized review frameworks informed by systematic approaches to research synthesis provide a conceptually appropriate and practical opportunity for increasing methodological transparency and rigor in synthesizing and tracking adaptation research. This review highlights innovative applications of systematic approaches, with a focus on the unique challenges of integrating multiple data sources and formats in reviewing climate change adaptation policy and practice. We present guidelines, key considerations, and recommendations for systematic review in the social sciences in general and adaptation research in particular. We conclude by calling for increased conceptual and methodological development of systematic review approaches to address the methodological challenges of synthesizing and tracking adaptation to climate change. AU - Berrang-Ford, Lea AU - Pearce, Tristan AU - Ford, James D. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s10113-014-0708-7 IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1436-378X SP - 755-769 ST - Systematic review approaches for climate change adaptation research T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - Systematic review approaches for climate change adaptation research VL - 15 ID - 24190 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Over the past 50 years, retreating glaciers and ice caps contributed 0:5mmyr⬚⬚1 to sea-level rise1, and one third of this contribution is believed to come from ice masses bordering the Gulf of Alaska2,3. However, these estimates of ice loss in Alaska are based on measurements of a limited number of glaciers that are extrapolated to constrain ice wastage in the many thousands of others. Uncertainties in these estimates arise, for example, from the complex pattern of decadal elevation changes at the scale of individual glaciers and mountain ranges4–7. Here we combine a comprehensive glacier inventory with elevation changes derived from sequential digital elevation models. We find that between 1962 and 2006, Alaskan glaciers lost 41:9⬚8:6 km3 yr⬚⬚1 of water, and contributed 0:12 ⬚ 0:02mmyr⬚⬚1 to sea-level rise, 34% less than estimated earlier2,3. Reasons for our lower values include the higher spatial resolution of our glacier inventory as well as the reduction of ice thinning underneath debris and at the glacier margins, which were not resolved in earlier work. We suggest that estimates of mass loss from glaciers and ice caps in other mountain regions could be subject to similar revisions. AU - Berthier, E. AU - Schiefer, E. AU - Clarke, G.K.C. AU - Menounos, B. AU - Rémy, F. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/ngeo737 IS - 2 KW - Climate Data; climate science; cryosphere; glaciers PY - 2010 SN - 1752-0894, 1752-0908 SP - 92-95 ST - Contribution of Alaskan glaciers to sea-level rise derived from satellite imagery T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Contribution of Alaskan glaciers to sea-level rise derived from satellite imagery VL - 3 ID - 12637 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An intensive meteorological study of summer precipitation in the Chicago area during 1976–78 furnished detailed data needed to perform a study of the impacts of rain on selected transportation-related activities and on certain utility services. Degree of effect on these activities was studied on a rain day versus non-rain day basis and further on a land use basis to help infer changes in impacts due to urban-influenced increases in rain occurrences, rainfall amounts and storm activity. Added rain resulted in over 100% more vehicle accidents, particularly in the urban area, but the accident severity associated with rain was greater in the rural areas. Rainfall decreased ridership of mass transit systems by 3–5% and apparently this was disproportionately due to midday discretionary riders such as shoppers. Little relationship of rain to pleasure boat emergencies was found but more rain decreased usage of pleasure boats. The number of delays in flight departures from O'Hare Airport was highly related to rain, increasing from only 0.3% of all flights delayed on non-rain days to 18.2&percnt delayed on heavy (≥1.3 cm) rain days. The percentage of the total electrical power outage time which was due to storms varied greatly by power district, ranging from 33% to over 80%. In general, downtown Chicago experienced less time without power due to storms, than did suburban areas. Telephone service was unaffected by rain conditions in Chicago but usage was increased. The results of these selected impacts indicate that an urban-related increase in summer rainfall will lead to certain undesirable impacts on those traveling, particularly by auto or air. AU - Bertness, Jan DO - 10.1175/1520-0450(1980)019<0545:Rriost>2.0.CO;2 IS - 5 PY - 1980 SP - 545-556 ST - Rain-Related Impacts on Selected Transportation Activities and Utility Services in the Chicago Area T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology TI - Rain-Related Impacts on Selected Transportation Activities and Utility Services in the Chicago Area VL - 19 ID - 26019 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Dalton, Meghan M. A2 - Mote, Philip W. A2 - Snover, Amy K. AU - Bethel, Jeffrey AU - Ranzoni, Steven AU - Capalbo, Susan M. C4 - 5c5f1668-2d6d-4292-9fe1-f8a1a4061acf CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2013 SE - 7 SN - 9781610914284 SP - 181-206 ST - Human health: Impacts and adaptation T2 - Climate Change in the Northwest: Implications for Our Landscapes, Waters, And Communities TI - Human health: Impacts and adaptation ID - 24698 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bethel, Jeffrey W. AU - Harger, Renee DO - 10.3390/ijerph110909273 IS - 9 PY - 2014 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 9273 ST - Heat-related illness among Oregon farmworkers T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Heat-related illness among Oregon farmworkers VL - 11 ID - 24688 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bethel, Jeffrey W. AU - Spector, June T. AU - Krenz, Jennifer DA - 2017/07/03 DO - 10.1080/1059924X.2017.1318100 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SN - 1059-924X SP - 222-228 ST - Hydration and cooling practices among farmworkers in Oregon and Washington T2 - Journal of Agromedicine TI - Hydration and cooling practices among farmworkers in Oregon and Washington VL - 22 ID - 24687 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Betts, R. A. AU - Golding, N. AU - Gonzalez, P. AU - Gornall, J. AU - Kahana, R. AU - Kay, G. AU - Mitchell, L. AU - Wiltshire, A. DO - 10.5194/bg-12-1317-2015 IS - 5 N1 - BG PY - 2015 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 1317-1338 ST - Climate and land use change impacts on global terrestrial ecosystems and river flows in the HadGEM2-ES Earth system model using the representative concentration pathways T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Climate and land use change impacts on global terrestrial ecosystems and river flows in the HadGEM2-ES Earth system model using the representative concentration pathways VL - 12 ID - 22684 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bevan, Michael W. AU - Uauy, Cristobal AU - Wulff, Brande B. H. AU - Zhou, Ji AU - Krasileva, Ksenia AU - Clark, Matthew D. DA - 03/15/online DO - 10.1038/nature22011 PY - 2017 SP - 346-354 ST - Genomic innovation for crop improvement T2 - Nature TI - Genomic innovation for crop improvement VL - 543 ID - 23502 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change drives uneven phenology shifts across taxa, and this can result in changes to the phenological match between interacting species. Shifts in the relative phenology of partner species are well documented, but few studies have addressed the effects of such changes on population dynamics. To explore this, we develop a phenologically explicit model describing consumer-resource interactions. Focusing on scenarios for univoltine insects, we show how changes in resource phenology can be reinterpreted as transformations in the year-to-year recursion relationships defining consumer population dynamics. This perspective provides a straightforward path for interpreting the long-term population consequences of phenology change. Specifically, by relating the outcome of phenological shifts to species traits governing recursion relationships (e.g., consumer fecundity or competitive scenario), we demonstrate how changes in relative phenology can force systems into different dynamical regimes, with major implications for resource management, conservation, and other areas of applied dynamics. AU - Bewick, Sharon AU - Cantrell, R. Stephen AU - Cosner, Chris AU - Fagan, William F. DO - 10.1086/684432 IS - 2 KW - phenology mismatch,consumer-resource dynamics,recursion relationship,nonautonomous ordinary differential equation,Zonneveld equation,chaos PY - 2016 SP - 151-166 ST - How resource phenology affects consumer population dynamics T2 - The American Naturalist TI - How resource phenology affects consumer population dynamics VL - 187 ID - 25740 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We present results from 20-year “high-resolution” regional climate model simulations of precipitation change for the sub-tropical island of Puerto Rico. The Japanese Meteorological Agency Non-Hydrostatic Model (NHM) operating at a 2-km grid resolution is nested inside the Regional Spectral Model (RSM) at 10-km grid resolution, which in turn is forced at the lateral boundaries by the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4). At this resolution, the climate change experiment allows for deep convection in model integrations, which is an important consideration for sub-tropical regions in general, and on islands with steep precipitation gradients in particular that strongly influence local ecological processes and the provision of ecosystem services. Projected precipitation change for this region of the Caribbean is simulated for the mid-twenty-first century (2041–2060) under the RCP8.5 climate-forcing scenario relative to the late twentieth century (1986–2005). The results show that by the mid-twenty-first century, there is an overall rainfall reduction over the island for all seasons compared to the recent climate but with diminished mid-summer drought (MSD) in the northwestern parts of the island. Importantly, extreme rainfall events on sub-daily and daily time scales also become slightly less frequent in the projected mid-twenty-first-century climate over most regions of the island. AU - Bhardwaj, Amit AU - Misra, Vasubandhu AU - Mishra, Akhilesh AU - Wootten, Adrienne AU - Boyles, Ryan AU - Bowden, J. H. AU - Terando, Adam J. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2130-x IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 133-147 ST - Downscaling future climate change projections over Puerto Rico using a non-hydrostatic atmospheric model T2 - Climatic Change TI - Downscaling future climate change projections over Puerto Rico using a non-hydrostatic atmospheric model VL - 147 ID - 25230 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bianchi, Thomas S. AU - Allison, Mead A. AU - Zhao, Jun AU - Li, Xinxin AU - Comeaux, Rebecca S. AU - Feagin, Rusty A. AU - Kulawardhana, R. Wasantha DA - 2013/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2012.12.007 KW - coastal wetlands climate change carbon sequestration biomarkers Gulf of Mexico PY - 2013 SN - 0272-7714 SP - 7-16 ST - Historical reconstruction of mangrove expansion in the Gulf of Mexico: Linking climate change with carbon sequestration in coastal wetlands T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science TI - Historical reconstruction of mangrove expansion in the Gulf of Mexico: Linking climate change with carbon sequestration in coastal wetlands VL - 119 ID - 24295 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bianchi, T. S. AU - DiMarco, S. F. AU - Cowan, J. H. AU - Hetland, R. D. AU - Chapman, P. AU - Day, J. W. AU - Allison, M. A. DA - 2010/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.047 IS - 7 KW - Hypoxia Gulf of Mexico Management policy PY - 2010 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 1471-1484 ST - The science of hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: A review T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - The science of hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: A review VL - 408 ID - 25583 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As the global climate warms due to increasing greenhouse gases, the regional climate of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region will also change. This study presents the latest estimates of the expected changes in temperature, precipitation, tropical cyclone activity, and sea level. Changes in temperature and precipitation are derived from climate model simulations produced for the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4), by comparing projections for the mid- and late-21st century to the late 20th century and assuming a “middle-of-the-road” scenario for future greenhouse gas emissions. Regional simulations from the North America Regional Climate Change Program (NARCCAP) are used to corroborate the IPCC AR4 rainfall projections over the US portion of the domain. Changes in tropical cyclones and sea level are more uncertain, and our understanding of these variables has changed more since IPCC AR4 than in the case of temperature and precipitation. For these quantities, the current state of knowledge is described based on the recent peer-reviewed literature. AU - Biasutti, Michela AU - Sobel, Adam H. AU - Camargo, Suzana J. AU - Creyts, Timothy T. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0254-y IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 819-845 ST - Projected changes in the physical climate of the Gulf Coast and Caribbean T2 - Climatic Change TI - Projected changes in the physical climate of the Gulf Coast and Caribbean VL - 112 ID - 25067 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Biedenweg, Kelly AU - Stiles, Kari AU - Wellman, Katharine DA - 2016/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.11.002 KW - Human wellbeing Ecosystem-based management Social indicators PY - 2016 SN - 0308-597X SP - 31-37 ST - A holistic framework for identifying human wellbeing indicators for marine policy T2 - Marine Policy TI - A holistic framework for identifying human wellbeing indicators for marine policy VL - 64 ID - 24686 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Biehl, Peter F. AU - Crate, Susan AU - Gardezi, Maaz AU - Hamilton, Lawrence AU - Harlan, Sharon L. AU - Hritz, Carrie AU - Hubbell, Bryan AU - Kohler, Timothy A. AU - Peterson, Nicole AU - Silva, Julie CY - Washington, DC PB - USGCRP PY - 2018 SP - 38 ST - Innovative Tools, Methods, and Analysis: Social Science Perspectives on Climate Change, Part 3 TI - Innovative Tools, Methods, and Analysis: Social Science Perspectives on Climate Change, Part 3 UR - https://www.globalchange.gov/content/social-science-perspectives-climate-change-workshop ID - 25885 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Allergies are prevalent throughout the United States and impose a substantial quality of life and economic burden. The potential effect of climate change has an impact on allergic disorders through variability of aeroallergens, food allergens and insect-based allergic venoms. Data suggest allergies (ocular and nasal allergies, allergic asthma and sinusitis) have increased in the United States and that there are changes in allergies to stinging insect populations (vespids, apids and fire ants). The cause of this upward trend is unknown, but any climate change may induce augmentation of this trend; the subspecialty of allergy and immunology needs to be keenly aware of potential issues that are projected for the near and not so distant future. AD - Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. bielory@rutgers.edu AU - Bielory, L. AU - Lyons, K. AU - Goldberg, R. C6 - NIEHS DA - Dec DB - DO - 10.1007/s11882-012-0314-z DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2012/10/16 IS - 6 KW - Bayes Theorem Causality Climate Change/economics/ statistics & numerical data Conjunctivitis/epidemiology/immunology Humans Hypersensitivity/economics/ epidemiology/immunology Pollen/adverse effects Prevalence United States LA - eng N1 - Bielory, Leonard Lyons, Kevin Goldberg, Robert Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review United States Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2012 Dec;12(6):485-94. doi: 10.1007/s11882-012-0314-z. PY - 2012 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1534-6315 (Electronic) 1529-7322 (Linking) SP - 485-494 ST - Climate change and allergic disease T2 - Current Allergy and Asthma Reports TI - Climate change and allergic disease VL - 12 ID - 4136 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bieniek, Peter A. AU - Walsh, John E. AU - Thoman, Richard L. AU - Bhatt, Uma S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00342.1 IS - 8 PY - 2014 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 2800-2818 ST - Using climate divisions to analyze variations and trends in Alaska temperature and precipitation T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Using climate divisions to analyze variations and trends in Alaska temperature and precipitation VL - 27 Y2 - 2014/02/25 ID - 12641 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Bierbaum, Rosina AU - Lee, Arthur AU - Smith, Joel AU - Blair, Maria AU - Carter, Lynne M. AU - Chapin, F. Stuart, III AU - Fleming, Paul AU - Ruffo, Susan AU - McNeeley, Shannon AU - Stults, Missy AU - Verduzco, Laura AU - Seyller, Emily C4 - 8eb10ee1-28e1-4246-b28b-aa2d2f76c547 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J07H1GGT PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 670-706 ST - Ch. 28: Adaptation T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 28: Adaptation UR - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/response-strategies/adaptation ID - 8672 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We reviewed existing and planned adaptation activities of federal, tribal, state, and local governments and the private sector in the United States (U.S.) to understand what types of adaptation activities are underway across different sectors and scales throughout the country. Primary sources of review included material officially submitted for consideration in the upcoming 2013 U.S. National Climate Assessment and supplemental peer-reviewed and grey literature. Although substantial adaptation planning is occurring in various sectors, levels of government, and the private sector, few measures have been implemented and even fewer have been evaluated. Most adaptation actions to date appear to be incremental changes, not the transformational changes that may be needed in certain cases to adapt to significant changes in climate. While there appear to be no one-size-fits-all adaptations, there are similarities in approaches across scales and sectors, including mainstreaming climate considerations into existing policies and plans, and pursuing no- and low-regrets strategies. Despite the positive momentum in recent years, barriers to implementation still impede action in all sectors and across scales. The most significant barriers include lack of funding, policy and institutional constraints, and difficulty in anticipating climate change given the current state of information on change. However, the practice of adaptation can advance through learning by doing, stakeholder engagements (including “listening sessions”), and sharing of best practices. Efforts to advance adaptation across the U.S. and globally will necessitate the reduction or elimination of barriers, the enhancement of information and best practice sharing mechanisms, and the creation of comprehensive adaptation evaluation metrics. AU - Bierbaum, Rosina AU - Smith, Joel B. AU - Lee, Arthur AU - Blair, Maria AU - Carter, Lynne AU - Chapin, F. Stuart AU - Fleming, Paul AU - Ruffo, Susan AU - Stults, Missy AU - McNeeley, Shannon AU - Wasley, Emily AU - Verduzco, Laura DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s11027-012-9423-1 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1573-1596 SP - 361-406 ST - A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: More than before, but less than needed T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: More than before, but less than needed VL - 18 ID - 22963 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Unmitigated greenhouse gas emissions may increase global mean sea-level by about 1 meter during this century. Such elevation of the mean sea-level enhances the risk of flooding of coastal areas. We compute the power capacity that is currently out-of-reach of a 100-year coastal flooding but will be exposed to such a flood by the end of the century for different US states, if no adaptation measures are taken. The additional exposed capacity varies strongly among states. For Delaware it is 80% of the mean generated power load. For New York this number is 63% and for Florida 43%. The capacity that needs additional protection compared to today increases by more than 250% for Texas, 90% for Florida and 70% for New York. Current development in power plant building points towards a reduced future exposure to sea-level rise: proposed and planned power plants are less exposed than those which are currently operating. However, power plants that have been retired or canceled were less exposed than those operating at present. If sea-level rise is properly accounted for in future planning, an adaptation to sea-level rise may be costly but possible. AU - Bierkandt, R. AU - Auffhammer, M. AU - Levermann, A. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124022 IS - 12 PY - 2015 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 124022 ST - US power plant sites at risk of future sea-level rise T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - US power plant sites at risk of future sea-level rise VL - 10 ID - 21337 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Understanding the impacts of climate change on people and the environment requires an understanding of the dynamics of both climate and land use/land cover changes. A range of future climate scenarios is available for the conterminous United States that have been developed based on widely used international greenhouse gas emissions storylines. Climate scenarios derived from these emissions storylines have not been matched with logically consistent land use/cover maps for the United States. This gap is a critical barrier to conducting effective integrated assessments. This study develops novel national scenarios of housing density and impervious surface cover that are logically consistent with emissions storylines. Analysis of these scenarios suggests that combinations of climate and land use/cover can be important in determining environmental conditions regulated under the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts. We found significant differences in patterns of habitat loss and the distribution of potentially impaired watersheds among scenarios, indicating that compact development patterns can reduce habitat loss and the number of impaired watersheds. These scenarios are also associated with lower global greenhouse gas emissions and, consequently, the potential to reduce both the drivers of anthropogenic climate change and the impacts of changing conditions. The residential housing and impervious surface datasets provide a substantial first step toward comprehensive national land use/land cover scenarios, which have broad applicability for integrated assessments as these data and tools are publicly available. AD - Global Change Research Program, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460, USA. AN - 21078956 AU - Bierwagen, B. G. AU - Theobald, D. M. AU - Pyke, C. R. AU - Choate, A. AU - Groth, P. AU - Thomas, J. V. AU - Morefield, P. C2 - 3000269 C6 - NIEHS DA - Dec 7 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1002096107 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2010/11/17 IS - 49 KW - Air Climate Change Ecosystem Environmental Remediation/legislation & jurisprudence/trends Forecasting Fresh Water Greenhouse Effect/legislation & jurisprudence Humans Models, Theoretical Ownership/ trends Population Density Public Policy/legislation & jurisprudence United States Vehicle Emissions LA - eng N1 - Bierwagen, Britta G Theobald, David M Pyke, Christopher R Choate, Anne Groth, Philip Thomas, John V Morefield, Philip Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Dec 7;107(49):20887-92. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1002096107. Epub 2010 Nov 15. PY - 2010 RN - CCII Unique SN - 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking) SP - 20887-92 ST - National housing and impervious surface scenarios for integrated climate impact assessments T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - National housing and impervious surface scenarios for integrated climate impact assessments VL - 107 ID - 6259 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Biesbroek, G. Robbert AU - Swart, Rob J. AU - Carter, Timothy R. AU - Cowan, Caroline AU - Henrichs, Thomas AU - Mela, Hanna AU - Morecroft, Michael D. AU - Rey, Daniela DA - 2010/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.03.005 IS - 3 KW - Climate Change Adaptation National Adaptation Strategies Europe Governance PY - 2010 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 440-450 ST - Europe adapts to climate change: Comparing national adaptation strategies T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Europe adapts to climate change: Comparing national adaptation strategies VL - 20 ID - 24189 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Biesbroek, G. Robbert AU - Swart, Rob J. AU - van der Knaap, Wim G. M. DA - 2009/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.habitatint.2008.10.001 IS - 3 KW - Climate change Spatial planning River basin approach Adaptation Mitigation Sustainable development PY - 2009 SN - 0197-3975 SP - 230-237 ST - The mitigation–adaptation dichotomy and the role of spatial planning T2 - Habitat International TI - The mitigation–adaptation dichotomy and the role of spatial planning VL - 33 ID - 24535 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bigler, Christof AU - Gavin, Daniel G. AU - Gunning, Charles AU - Veblen, Thomas T. DO - 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.16034.x IS - 12 PY - 2007 SN - 1600-0706 SP - 1983-1994 ST - Drought induces lagged tree mortality in a subalpine forest in the Rocky Mountains T2 - Oikos TI - Drought induces lagged tree mortality in a subalpine forest in the Rocky Mountains VL - 116 ID - 22020 ER - TY - LEGAL AU - Biloxi Mississippi Code of Ordinances PY - 2017 SE - Sec. 8-3-2 SN - Chapter 8, Art. III TI - Flood damage prevention: Specific standards UR - https://library.municode.com/ms/biloxi/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH8FLDAPR_ARTIIIFLHAPRST_S8-3-2SPST ID - 26342 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Excessive levels of herbivory may disturb ecosystems in ways that persist even when herbivory is moderated. These persistent changes may complicate efforts to restore ecosystems affected by herbivores. Willow (Salix spp.) communities within the northern range in Yellowstone National Park have been eliminated or degraded in many riparian areas by excessive elk (Cervus elaphus L.) browsing. Elk browsing of riparian willows appears to have diminished following the reintroduction of wolves (Canis lupis L.), but it remains uncertain whether reduced herbivory will restore willow communities. The direct effects of elk browsing on willows have been accompanied by indirect effects from the loss of beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl) activity, including incision of stream channels, erosion of fine sediments, and lower water tables near streams historically dammed by beaver. In areas where these changes have occurred, lowered water tables may suppress willow height even in the absence of elk browsing. We conducted a factorial field experiment to understand willow responses to browsing and to height of water tables. After four years of protection from elk browsing, willows with ambient water tables averaged only 106 cm in height, with negligible height gain in two of three study species during the last year of the experiment. Willows that were protected from browsing and had artificially elevated water tables averaged 147 cm in height and gained 19 cm in the last year of the experiment. In browsed plots, elevated water tables doubled height gain during a period of slightly reduced browsing pressure. We conclude that water availability mediates the rate of willow height gain and may determine whether willows grow tall enough to escape the browse zone of elk and gain resistance to future elk browsing. Consequently, in areas where long‐term beaver absence has resulted in incised stream channels and low water tables, a reduction in elk browsing alone may not be sufficient for recovery of tall willow stands. Because tall willow stems are important elements of habitat for beaver, mitigating water table decline may be necessary in these areas to promote recovery of historical willow–beaver mutualisms. AU - Bilyeu, Danielle M. AU - Cooper, David J. AU - Hobbs, N. Thompson DO - 10.1890/07-0212.1 IS - 1 PY - 2008 SP - 80-92 ST - Water tables constrain height recovery of willow on Yellowstone's northern range T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Water tables constrain height recovery of willow on Yellowstone's northern range VL - 18 ID - 25266 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Bindoff, N.L. AU - Stott, P.A. AU - AchutaRao, K.M. AU - Allen, M.R. AU - Gillett, N. AU - Gutzler, D. AU - Hansingo, K. AU - Hegerl, G. AU - Hu, Y. AU - Jain, S. AU - Mokhov, I.I. AU - Overland, J. AU - Perlwitz, J. AU - Sebbari, R. AU - Zhang, X. C4 - 57fea764-f852-4539-ab1e-8010701383c7 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 SE - 10 SN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 867–952 ST - Detection and attribution of climate change: From global to regional T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Detection and attribution of climate change: From global to regional UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ ID - 16447 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Binita, K-C AU - Shepherd, J. Marshall AU - Gaither, Cassandra Johnson DA - 2015/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.04.007 KW - Climate change Biophysical and social vulnerabilities Climate extremes Georgia PY - 2015 SN - 0143-6228 SP - 62-74 ST - Climate change vulnerability assessment in Georgia T2 - Applied Geography TI - Climate change vulnerability assessment in Georgia VL - 62 ID - 24042 ER - TY - WEB AU - BioMap Alaska CY - Fairbanks PB - Alaska Center for Climate Assessment & Policy PY - 2012 ST - BioMap Alaska: Citizen Science for Alaska's Oceans [web site] TI - BioMap Alaska: Citizen Science for Alaska's Oceans [web site] UR - http://www.biomapalaska.org/ ID - 25839 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Birchenough, Silvana N. R. C4 - 63aac7f9-5e82-4aff-ab62-75c12537612f CY - UK PB - Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme PY - 2017 SP - 40-51 ST - Impacts of climate change on biodiversity in the coastal and marine environments of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) T2 - CME Caribbean Marine Climate Change Report Card 2017: Science Review 2017 TI - Impacts of climate change on biodiversity in the coastal and marine environments of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) UR - https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/commonwealth-marine-economies-cme-programme-caribbean-marine-climate-change-report-card-scientific-reviews ID - 25241 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Birchler, Justin J. AU - Dalyander, P. Soupy AU - Stockdon, Hilary F. AU - Doran, Kara S. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/ofr20151154 NV - USGS Open-File Report 2015-1154 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2015 SP - 34 ST - National assessment of nor’easter-induced coastal erosion hazards: Mid- and northeast Atlantic coast TI - National assessment of nor’easter-induced coastal erosion hazards: Mid- and northeast Atlantic coast ID - 21876 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Birchler, Justin J. AU - Stockdon, Hilary F. AU - Doran, Kara S. AU - Thompson, David M. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/ofr20141243 NV - USGS Open-File Report 2014–1243 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2014 SP - 34 ST - National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Northeast Atlantic Coast TI - National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Northeast Atlantic Coast ID - 21875 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Birdsey, Richard AU - Pregitzer, Kurt AU - Lucier, Alan C6 - NCA DO - 10.2134/jeq2005.0162 IS - 4 PY - 2006 SP - 1461–1469 ST - Forest carbon management in the United States: 1600–2100 T2 - Journal of Environmental Quality TI - Forest carbon management in the United States: 1600–2100 VL - 35 ID - 12649 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Birdsey, Richard A. AU - Plantinga, Andrew J. AU - Heath, Linda S. DA - 1993/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/0378-1127(93)90129-B IS - 1 PY - 1993 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 33-40 ST - Past and prospective carbon storage in United States forests T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Past and prospective carbon storage in United States forests VL - 58 ID - 26074 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Birner, Thomas AU - Davis, Sean M. AU - Seidel, Dian J. DO - 10.1063/PT.3.2620 IS - 12 PY - 2014 SP - 38-44 ST - The changing width of Earth’s tropical belt T2 - Physcis Today TI - The changing width of Earth’s tropical belt VL - 67 ID - 20122 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global warming is predicted to have a general negative effect on plant growth due to the negative effect of high temperatures on plant development. The increasing threat of climatological extremes, including very high temperatures might lead to catastrophic loss of crop productivity and result in wide spread famine. In this review we assess the impact of global climate change on the production of agricultural crop production. There is a differential effect of climate change both in terms of geographic location and the crops that have will be likely to show the most extreme reductions in yield as a result of warming in general and the expected fluctuations in temperature. High temperature stress has a wide range of effects on plants both in terms of physiology, biochemistry and gene regulation pathways. In this review we present the recent advances of research on all these level of investigation focusing on potential leads that may help to understand more fully the mechanisms that make plants tolerant or susceptible to heat stress. Finally we review possible mechanisms and methods which can lead to the generation of new varieties that will allow sustainable yield production in a world likely to be challenged both by increasing population, higher average temperatures and larger temperature fluctuations. AD - Ms Craita Bita,Radboud University Nijmegen,Nijmegen,Netherlands,elenacraita.bita@hutton.ac.uk AU - Bita, Craita AU - Gerats, Tom DA - 2013-July-31 DO - 10.3389/fpls.2013.00273 IS - 273 KW - Global Warming,Food security,heat tolerance,crop productivity,Abiotic stress tolerance,Reproductive development LA - English M3 - Review PY - 2013 SN - 1664-462X ST - Plant tolerance to high temperature in a changing environment: Scientific fundamentals and production of heat stress-tolerant crops T2 - Frontiers in Plant Science TI - Plant tolerance to high temperature in a changing environment: Scientific fundamentals and production of heat stress-tolerant crops VL - 4 ID - 23503 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper presents the development of the Coastal Community Social Vulnerability Index (CCSVI) in order to quantify the social vulnerability of hurricane-prone areas under various scenarios of climate change. The 2004–2005 Atlantic hurricane seasons is estimated to have caused $150 billion dollars in damages, and in recent years, the annual hurricane damage in the United States is estimated at around $6 billion. Hurricane intensity or/and frequency may change due to the increase in sea surface temperature as a result of climate change. Climate change is also predicted to cause a rise in sea levels, potentially resulting in higher storm surges. The CCSVI combines the intensity of hurricanes and hurricane-induced surge to create a comprehensive index that considers the effects of a changing climate. The main contributing factors of social vulnerability (such as race, age, gender, and socioeconomic status) in hurricane-prone areas are identified through a principal components analysis. The impact of social characteristics on the potential hurricane damage under various scenarios of climate change are evaluated using Miami-Dade County, Florida, as a case study location. This study finds that climate change may have a significant impact on the CCSVI. AU - Bjarnadottir, Sigridur AU - Li, Yue AU - Stewart, Mark G. DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s11069-011-9817-5 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2011 SN - 1573-0840 SP - 1055-1075 ST - Social vulnerability index for coastal communities at risk to hurricane hazard and a changing climate T2 - Natural Hazards TI - Social vulnerability index for coastal communities at risk to hurricane hazard and a changing climate VL - 59 ID - 24041 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bjerklie, D.M. AU - Mullaney, J.R. AU - Stone, J.R. AU - Skinner, B.J. AU - Ramlow, M.A. C6 - NCA PB - U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2012 SP - 56 ST - Preliminary Investigation of the Effects of Sea-Level Rise on Groundwater Levels in New Haven, Connecticut. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1025 TI - Preliminary Investigation of the Effects of Sea-Level Rise on Groundwater Levels in New Haven, Connecticut. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1025 UR - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1025/pdf/ofr2012-1025_report_508.pdf ID - 12651 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bjorndal, Karen A. AU - Bolten, Alan B. AU - Chaloupka, Milani AU - Saba, Vincent S. AU - Bellini, Cláudio AU - Marcovaldi, Maria A. G. AU - Santos, Armando J. B. AU - Bortolon, Luis Felipe Wurdig AU - Meylan, Anne B. AU - Meylan, Peter A. AU - Gray, Jennifer AU - Hardy, Robert AU - Brost, Beth AU - Bresette, Michael AU - Gorham, Jonathan C. AU - Connett, Stephen AU - Crouchley, Barbara Van Sciver AU - Dawson, Mike AU - Hayes, Deborah AU - Diez, Carlos E. AU - van Dam, Robert P. AU - Willis, Sue AU - Nava, Mabel AU - Hart, Kristen M. AU - Cherkiss, Michael S. AU - Crowder, Andrew G. AU - Pollock, Clayton AU - Hillis-Starr, Zandy AU - Muñoz Tenería, Fernando A. AU - Herrera-Pavón, Roberto AU - Labrada-Martagón, Vanessa AU - Lorences, Armando AU - Negrete-Philippe, Ana AU - Lamont, Margaret M. AU - Foley, Allen M. AU - Bailey, Rhonda AU - Carthy, Raymond R. AU - Scarpino, Russell AU - McMichael, Erin AU - Provancha, Jane A. AU - Brooks, Annabelle AU - Jardim, Adriana AU - López-Mendilaharsu, Milagros AU - González-Paredes, Daniel AU - Estrades, Andrés AU - Fallabrino, Alejandro AU - Martínez-Souza, Gustavo AU - Vélez-Rubio, Gabriela M. AU - Boulon, Ralf H. AU - Collazo, Jaime A. AU - Wershoven, Robert AU - Guzmán Hernández, Vicente AU - Stringell, Thomas B. AU - Sanghera, Amdeep AU - Richardson, Peter B. AU - Broderick, Annette C. AU - Phillips, Quinton AU - Calosso, Marta AU - Claydon, John A. B. AU - Metz, Tasha L. AU - Gordon, Amanda L. AU - Landry, Andre M. AU - Shaver, Donna J. AU - Blumenthal, Janice AU - Collyer, Lucy AU - Godley, Brendan J. AU - McGowan, Andrew AU - Witt, Matthew J. AU - Campbell, Cathi L. AU - Lagueux, Cynthia J. AU - Bethel, Thomas L. AU - Kenyon, Lory DO - 10.1111/gcb.13712 IS - 11 KW - Caretta caretta Chelonia mydas ecological regime shifts Eretmochelys imbricata multivariate ENSO index sea surface temperature seagrass somatic growth rates PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 4556-4568 ST - Ecological regime shift drives declining growth rates of sea turtles throughout the West Atlantic T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Ecological regime shift drives declining growth rates of sea turtles throughout the West Atlantic VL - 23 ID - 24296 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Black, H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.116-a390 IS - 9 PY - 2008 SP - A390-393 ST - Unnatural disaster: Human factors in the Mississippi floods T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Unnatural disaster: Human factors in the Mississippi floods VL - 116 ID - 12653 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Black, Mary AU - Chief, Karletta AU - Jacobs, Katharine AU - Chew, Schuyler AU - Rae, Lynn CY - Tucson, AZ PB - Native Nations Climate Adaptation Program PY - 2015 SP - 59 ST - Tribal Leaders Summit on Climate Change: A Focus on Climate Adaptation Planning and Implementation TI - Tribal Leaders Summit on Climate Change: A Focus on Climate Adaptation Planning and Implementation UR - http://www.nncap.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/NNCAPSummitFinal.pdf ID - 21665 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Faist, Thomas A2 - Schade, Jeanette AB - This chapter sets out a new approach to understanding the relationship between migration and climate change. Based on the understanding that migration is a significant, growing, but also complex phenomenon, this approach seeks to address the sensitivity of existing migration drivers in specific contexts to climate change. In contrast to existing approaches which have sought to generate global-level estimates of the numbers of ‘climate migrants’, this integrated assessment approach seeks instead to understand how and why existing flows from and to specific locations may change in the future, and provide a practical tool for climate adaptation planning. Examples of the application of this approach are provided for Ghana and Bangladesh. AU - Black, Richard AU - Kniveton, Dominic AU - Schmidt-Verkerk, Kerstin C4 - 3329e4f4-00bf-44c1-938d-b0c600a403ce CY - Dordrecht DO - 10.1007/978-94-007-6208-4_2 PB - Springer Netherlands PY - 2013 SN - 978-94-007-6208-4 SP - 29-53 ST - Migration and climate change: Toward an integrated assessment of sensitivity T2 - Disentangling Migration and Climate Change: Methodologies, Political Discourses and Human Rights TI - Migration and climate change: Toward an integrated assessment of sensitivity ID - 21857 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blair, Berill AU - Lovecraft, Amy L. AU - Kofinas, Gary P. DO - 10.5751/ES-06944-190436 IS - 4 KW - decision making indigenous knowledge social-ecological systems resilience risk adaptive systems PY - 2014 SP - 36 ST - Meeting institutional criteria for social resilience: A nested risk system model T2 - Ecology and Society TI - Meeting institutional criteria for social resilience: A nested risk system model VL - 19 ID - 22177 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Rosenzweig, C. A2 - Solecki, W. D. A2 - Hammer, S. A. A2 - Mehrotra, S. AU - Blake, R AU - Grimm, A AU - Ichinose, T AU - Horton, R AU - Gaffin, S AU - Jiong, S AU - Bader, D AU - Cecil, LD C4 - 5654b273-4d7f-4791-b81c-2c9972fd1efc PB - Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK PY - 2011 SP - 43-81 ST - Urban climate: Processes, trends, and projections T2 - Climate Change and Cities: First Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network TI - Urban climate: Processes, trends, and projections UR - http://uccrn.org/files/2014/02/ARC3-Chapter-3.pdf ID - 22565 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blanc, Elodie AU - Caron, Justin AU - Fant, Charles AU - Monier, Erwan DO - 10.1002/2016EF000473 IS - 8 KW - Crop yields irrigation climate change Mitigation policy 0402 Agricultural systems 1627 Coupled models of the climate system 1630 Impacts of global change 1842 Irrigation PY - 2017 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 877-892 ST - Is current irrigation sustainable in the United States? An integrated assessment of climate change impact on water resources and irrigated crop yields T2 - Earth's Future TI - Is current irrigation sustainable in the United States? An integrated assessment of climate change impact on water resources and irrigated crop yields VL - 5 ID - 21470 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blanc, Elodie AU - Strzepek, Kenneth AU - Schlosser, Adam AU - Jacoby, Henry AU - Gueneau, Arthur AU - Fant, Charles AU - Rausch, Sebastian AU - Reilly, John DO - 10.1002/2013EF000214 IS - 4 KW - water requirements climate change water stress water resources United States integrated assessment 1655 Water cycles 1807 Climate impacts 1847 Modeling 1880 Water management 1857 Reservoirs (surface) PY - 2014 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 197-224 ST - Modeling U.S. water resources under climate change T2 - Earth's Future TI - Modeling U.S. water resources under climate change VL - 2 ID - 23504 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Removal of corn (Zea mays L.) residues at high rates for biofuel and other off‐farm uses may negatively impact soil and the environment in the long term. Biomass removal from perennial warm‐season grasses (WSGs) grown in marginally productive lands could be an alternative to corn residue removal as biofuel feedstocks while controlling water and wind erosion, sequestering carbon (C), cycling water and nutrients, and enhancing other soil ecosystem services. We compared wind and water erosion potential, soil compaction, soil hydraulic properties, soil organic C (SOC), and soil fertility between biomass removal from WSGs and corn residue removal from rainfed no‐till continuous corn on a marginally productive site on a silty clay loam in eastern Nebraska after 2 and 3 years of management. The field‐scale treatments were as follows: (i) switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), (ii) big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), and (iii) low‐diversity grass mixture [big bluestem, indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash), and sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.)], and (iv) 50% corn residue removal with three replications. Across years, corn residue removal increased wind‐erodible fraction from 41% to 86% and reduced wet aggregate stability from 1.70 to 1.15 mm compared with WSGs in the upper 7.5 cm soil depth. Corn residue removal also reduced water retention by 15% between −33 and −300 kPa potentials and plant‐available water by 25% in the upper 7.5 cm soil depth. However, corn residue removal did not affect final water infiltration, SOC concentration, soil fertility, and other properties. Overall, corn residue removal increases erosion potential and reduces water retention shortly after removal, suggesting that biomass removal from perennial WSGs is a desirable alternative to corn residue removal for biofuel production and maintenance of soil ecosystem services. AU - Blanco‐Canqui, Humberto AU - Mitchell, Robert B. AU - Jin, Virginia L. AU - Schmer, Marty R. AU - Eskridge, Kent M. DO - 10.1111/gcbb.12436 IS - 9 PY - 2017 SP - 1510-1521 ST - Perennial warm‐season grasses for producing biofuel and enhancing soil properties: An alternative to corn residue removal T2 - GCB Bioenergy TI - Perennial warm‐season grasses for producing biofuel and enhancing soil properties: An alternative to corn residue removal VL - 9 ID - 25584 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blanco-Canqui, Humberto AU - Shaver, Tim M. AU - Lindquist, John L. AU - Shapiro, Charles A. AU - Elmore, Roger W. AU - Francis, Charles A. AU - Hergert, Gary W. DO - 10.2134/agronj15.0086 IS - 6 LA - English PY - 2015 SP - 2449-2474 ST - Cover crops and ecosystem services: Insights from studies in temperate soils T2 - Agronomy Journal TI - Cover crops and ecosystem services: Insights from studies in temperate soils VL - 107 ID - 23505 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blando, James AU - Bielory, Leonard AU - Nguyen, Viann AU - Diaz, Rafael AU - Jeng, Hueiwang Anna DO - 10.3390/atmos3010200 IS - 4 N1 - Ch3 PY - 2012 SN - 2073-4433 SP - 200-212 ST - Anthropogenic climate change and allergic diseases T2 - Atmosphere TI - Anthropogenic climate change and allergic diseases VL - 3 ID - 17657 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Management, U.S. Bureau of Land AU - BLM CY - Anchorage, AK PB - U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) PY - 2004 SP - various ST - Alpine Satellite Development Plan: Final Environmental Impact Statement. TI - Alpine Satellite Development Plan: Final Environmental Impact Statement. UR - http://www.blm.gov/eis/AK/alpine/index.html ID - 22178 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The objective of this research was to integrate current data sources to develop a methodology for assessing and mitigating the potential impacts of sea level rise (SLR) on Florida’s transportation infrastructure to assist transportation planning. The proposed approach integrates the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) information system with existing topographical and geological data to facilitate (1) the evaluation of current and projected SLR impacts on Florida’s coastline and low-lying terrain areas, and (2) the identification of the physical transportation infrastructure that is most likely to be affected by frequent to continuous flooding because of SLR so that solutions could be sought. The projection of SLR, and the timing for the same, was outlined using a benchmark approach that brackets time intervals as opposed to specific timing for improvements. Further research to evaluate the impact of sea level rise on ponding and storm surge is a future, more difficult area of investigation. AU - Bloetscher, Frederick AU - Berry, Leonard AU - Rodriguez-Seda, Jarice AU - Hammer, Nicole Hernandez AU - Romah, Thomas AU - Jolovic, Dusan AU - Heimlich, Barry AU - Cahill, Maria Abadal DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000174 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SP - 04013015 ST - Identifying FDOT's physical transportation infrastructure vulnerable to sea level rise T2 - Journal of Infrastructure Systems TI - Identifying FDOT's physical transportation infrastructure vulnerable to sea level rise VL - 20 ID - 24536 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Biotic interactions drive key ecological and evolutionary processes and mediate ecosystem responses to climate change. The direction, frequency, and intensity of biotic interactions can in turn be altered by climate change. Understanding the complex interplay between climate and biotic interactions is thus essential for fully anticipating how ecosystems will respond to the fast rates of current warming, which are unprecedented since the end of the last glacial period. We highlight episodes of climate change that have disrupted ecosystems and trophic interactions over time scales ranging from years to millennia by changing species’ relative abundances and geographic ranges, causing extinctions, and creating transient and novel communities dominated by generalist species and interactions. These patterns emerge repeatedly across disparate temporal and spatial scales, suggesting the possibility of similar underlying processes. Based on these findings, we identify knowledge gaps and fruitful areas for research that will further our understanding of the effects of climate change on ecosystems.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/341/6145/499.full.pdf AU - Blois, Jessica L. AU - Zarnetske, Phoebe L. AU - Fitzpatrick, Matthew C. AU - Finnegan, Seth DO - 10.1126/science.1237184 IS - 6145 PY - 2013 SP - 499-504 ST - Climate change and the past, present, and future of biotic interactions T2 - Science TI - Climate change and the past, present, and future of biotic interactions VL - 341 ID - 23345 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Cohen, D. AU - Blomdahl, Karl Sundequist AU - Flener, Pierre AU - Pearson, Justin C4 - 789d82f1-e7af-441d-b991-127e2cb90926 CY - Berlin PB - Springer PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-642-15396-9 SP - 643-657 ST - Contingency plans for air traffic management T2 - Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming—CP 2010 (16th International Conference, St. Andrews, Scotland, 6-10 Sep 2010) TI - Contingency plans for air traffic management ID - 21462 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Blondel, Alice CY - New York, NY DA - 2012 NV - Asia-Pacific Human Development Report Background Papers Series 2012/12 PB - United Nations Development Program PY - 2012 SP - 96 ST - Climate Change Fuelling Resource-Based Conflicts in the Asia-Pacific TI - Climate Change Fuelling Resource-Based Conflicts in the Asia-Pacific UR - https://www.uncclearn.org/sites/default/files/inventory/undp304.pdf ID - 22394 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bloomer, Bryan J. AU - Stehr, Jeffrey W. AU - Piety, Charles A. AU - Salawitch, Ross J. AU - Dickerson, Russell R. DO - 10.1029/2009gl037308 IS - 9 N1 - Ch3 PY - 2009 SN - 0094-8276 SP - L09803 ST - Observed relationships of ozone air pollution with temperature and emissions T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Observed relationships of ozone air pollution with temperature and emissions VL - 36 ID - 16100 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bloomfield, J. P. AU - Williams, R. J. AU - Gooddy, D. C. AU - Cape, J. N. AU - Guha, P. DA - 2006/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.05.019 IS - 1 KW - Pesticides Climate change Groundwater Surface water Source–pathway–receptor PY - 2006 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 163-177 ST - Impacts of climate change on the fate and behaviour of pesticides in surface and groundwater—a UK perspective T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Impacts of climate change on the fate and behaviour of pesticides in surface and groundwater—a UK perspective VL - 369 ID - 26176 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development AU - Blue, Julie AU - Hiremath, Nupur AU - Gillette, Carolyn AU - Julius, Susan CY - Washington, DC KW - added by ERG NV - EPA/600/R-16/365F PB - U.S. EPA, National Center for Environmental Assessment PY - 2017 SP - 674 ST - Evaluating Urban Resilience to Climate Change: A Multi-Sector Approach TI - Evaluating Urban Resilience to Climate Change: A Multi-Sector Approach UR - https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/global/recordisplay.cfm?deid=322482 ID - 22998 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Blue, Julie AU - Krop, Richard A. AU - Hiremath, Nupur AU - Gillette, Carolyn AU - Rooke, Jaime AU - Knutson, Cody L. AU - Smith, Kelly CY - Denver, CO PB - Water Research Foundation PY - 2015 SN - Web Report #4546 SP - 167 ST - Drought Management in a Changing Climate: Using Cost-Benefit Analyses to Assist Drinking Water Utilities TI - Drought Management in a Changing Climate: Using Cost-Benefit Analyses to Assist Drinking Water Utilities UR - https://cadmusgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/WaterRF_Drought-Management.pdf ID - 25605 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blum, Michael D. AU - Roberts, Harry H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/ngeo553 IS - 7 PY - 2009 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 488-491 ST - Drowning of the Mississippi Delta due to insufficient sediment supply and global sea-level rise T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Drowning of the Mississippi Delta due to insufficient sediment supply and global sea-level rise VL - 2 ID - 12661 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blumenthal, Dana M. AU - Kray, Julie A. AU - Ortmans, William AU - Ziska, Lewis H. AU - Pendall, Elise DO - 10.1111/gcb.13278 IS - 9 KW - climate change global warming Great Plains grasslands growing season length nitrogen limitation plant invasion plant phenology rangeland ecosystems PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 3026-3038 ST - Cheatgrass is favored by warming but not CO2 enrichment in a semi-arid grassland T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Cheatgrass is favored by warming but not CO2 enrichment in a semi-arid grassland VL - 22 ID - 21635 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blumenthal, Dana M. AU - Resco, Víctor AU - Morgan, Jack A. AU - Williams, David G. AU - LeCain, Daniel R. AU - Hardy, Erik M. AU - Pendall, Elise AU - Bladyka, Emma DO - 10.1111/nph.12459 IS - 4 KW - climate change elevated carbon dioxide global change invasive plant photosynthesis stomatal conductance warming water use efficiency (WUE) PY - 2013 SN - 1469-8137 SP - 1156-1165 ST - Invasive forb benefits from water savings by native plants and carbon fertilization under elevated CO2 and warming T2 - New Phytologist TI - Invasive forb benefits from water savings by native plants and carbon fertilization under elevated CO2 and warming VL - 200 ID - 21584 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Editor’s note: For easy download the posted pdf of the State of the Climate for 2016 is a very low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy of the report is available by clicking here. Please be patient as it may take a few minutes for the high-resolution file to download. AU - Blunden, Jessica AU - Arndt, Derek S. DO - 10.1175/2016BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SP - Si-S275 ST - State of the climate in 2015 T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - State of the climate in 2015 VL - 97 ID - 20191 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology. AU - Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources (BANR) C4 - 767d24b2-e102-4199-86a3-ba3c48fc93d5 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/23395 KW - Biology and Life Sciences Agriculture LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-309-43738-7 SP - 606 ST - Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects TI - Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects ID - 23598 ER - TY - JOUR AB - With global climate change, more frequent severe snowstorms are expected; however, evidence regarding their health effects is very limited. We gathered detailed medical records on hospital admissions (n = 433,037 admissions) from the 4 largest hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts, during the winters of 2010–2015. We estimated the percentage increase in hospitalizations for cardiovascular and cold-related diseases, falls, and injuries on the day of and for 6 days after a day with low (0.05–5.0 inches), moderate (5.1–10.0 inches), or high (>10.0 inches) snowfall using distributed lag regression models. We found that cardiovascular disease admissions decreased by 32% on high snowfall days (relative risk (RR) = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54, 0.85) but increased by 23% 2 days after (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.49); cold-related admissions increased by 3.7% on high snowfall days (RR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.6, 8.6) and remained high for 5 days after; and admissions for falls increased by 18% on average in the 6 days after a moderate snowfall day (RR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.27). We did not find a higher risk of hospitalizations for injuries. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the time course of hospitalizations during and immediately after snowfall days has been examined. These findings can be translated into interventions that prevent hospitalizations and protect public health during harsh winter conditions. AU - Bobb, Jennifer F. AU - Ho, Kalon K. L. AU - Yeh, Robert W. AU - Harrington, Lori AU - Zai, Adrian AU - Liao, Katherine P. AU - Dominici, Francesca DO - 10.1093/aje/kww219 IS - 4 N1 - 10.1093/aje/kww219 PY - 2017 SN - 0002-9262 SP - 283-294 ST - Time-course of cause-specific hospital admissions during snowstorms: An analysis of electronic medical records from major hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology TI - Time-course of cause-specific hospital admissions during snowstorms: An analysis of electronic medical records from major hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts VL - 185 ID - 21855 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Importance  Heat exposure is known to have a complex set of physiological effects on multiple organ systems, but current understanding of the health effects is mostly based on studies investigating a small number of prespecified health outcomes such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.Objectives  To identify possible causes of hospital admissions during extreme heat events and to estimate their risks using historical data.Design, Setting, and Population  Matched analysis of time series data describing daily hospital admissions of Medicare enrollees (23.7 million fee-for-service beneficiaries [aged ≥65 years] per year; 85% of all Medicare enrollees) for the period 1999 to 2010 in 1943 counties in the United States with at least 5 summers of near-complete (>95%) daily temperature data.Exposures  Heat wave periods, defined as 2 or more consecutive days with temperatures exceeding the 99th percentile of county-specific daily temperatures, matched to non–heat wave periods by county and week.Main Outcomes and Measures  Daily cause-specific hospitalization rates by principal discharge diagnosis codes, grouped into 283 disease categories using a validated approach.Results  Risks of hospitalization for fluid and electrolyte disorders, renal failure, urinary tract infection, septicemia, and heat stroke were statistically significantly higher on heat wave days relative to matched non–heat wave days, but risk of hospitalization for congestive heart failure was lower (P < .05). Relative risks for these disease groups were 1.18 (95% CI, 1.12-1.25) for fluid and electrolyte disorders, 1.14 (95% CI, 1.06-1.23) for renal failure, 1.10 (95% CI, 1.04-1.16) for urinary tract infections, 1.06 (95% CI, 1.00-1.11) for septicemia, and 2.54 (95% CI, 2.14-3.01) for heat stroke. Absolute risk differences were 0.34 (95% CI, 0.22-0.46) excess admissions per 100 000 individuals at risk for fluid and electrolyte disorders, 0.25 (95% CI, 0.12-0.39) for renal failure, 0.24 (95% CI, 0.09-0.39) for urinary tract infections, 0.21 (95% CI, 0.01-0.41) for septicemia, and 0.16 (95% CI, 0.10-0.22) for heat stroke. For fluid and electrolyte disorders and heat stroke, the risk of hospitalization increased during more intense and longer-lasting heat wave periods (P < .05). Risks were generally highest on the heat wave day but remained elevated for up to 5 subsequent days.Conclusions and Relevance  Among older adults, periods of extreme heat were associated with increased risk of hospitalization for fluid and electrolyte disorders, renal failure, urinary tract infection, septicemia, and heat stroke. However, the absolute risk increase was small and of uncertain clinical importance. AU - Bobb, J. F. AU - Obermeyer, Z. AU - Wang, Y. AU - Dominici, F. DO - 10.1001/jama.2014.15715 IS - 24 N1 - 10.1001/jama.2014.15715 PY - 2014 SN - 0098-7484 SP - 2659-2667 ST - Cause-specific risk of hospital admission related to extreme heat in older adults T2 - JAMA TI - Cause-specific risk of hospital admission related to extreme heat in older adults VL - 312 ID - 21856 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bobb, Jennifer F. AU - Peng, Roger D. AU - Bell, Michelle L. AU - Dominici, Francesca DO - 10.1289/ehp.1307392 IS - 8 PY - 2014 SN - 0091-6765 SP - 811-816 ST - Heat-related mortality and adaptation to heat in the United States T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Heat-related mortality and adaptation to heat in the United States VL - 122 ID - 17588 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bogoch, Isaac I. AU - Brady, Oliver J. AU - Kraemer, Moritz U. G. AU - German, Matthew AU - Creatore, Marisa I. AU - Kulkarni, Manisha A. AU - Brownstein, John S. AU - Mekaru, Sumiko R. AU - Hay, Simon I. AU - Groot, Emily AU - Watts, Alexander AU - Khan, Kamran DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00080-5 IS - 10016 PY - 2016 SN - 0140-6736 SP - 335-336 ST - Anticipating the international spread of Zika virus from Brazil T2 - The Lancet TI - Anticipating the international spread of Zika virus from Brazil VL - 387 Y2 - 2018/01/09 ID - 24136 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bograd, Steven J. AU - Buil, Mercedes Pozo AU - Lorenzo, Emanuele Di AU - Castro, Carmen G. AU - Schroeder, Isaac D. AU - Goericke, Ralf AU - Anderson, Clarissa R. AU - Benitez-Nelson, Claudia AU - Whitney, Frank A. DA - 2// DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.04.009 KW - California Current System California Undercurrent CalCOFI Dissolved oxygen Inorganic nutrients Water masses Upwelling PY - 2015 SN - 0967-0645 SP - 42-52 ST - Changes in source waters to the Southern California Bight T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography TI - Changes in source waters to the Southern California Bight VL - 112 ID - 20008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Böhmelt, Tobias AU - Bernauer, Thomas AU - Buhaug, Halvard AU - Gleditsch, Nils Petter AU - Tribaldos, Theresa AU - Wischnath, Gerdis DA - 2014/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.11.018 KW - Climate variability Demand Restraint Supply Water conflict Water cooperation PY - 2014 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 337-348 ST - Demand, supply, and restraint: Determinants of domestic water conflict and cooperation T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Demand, supply, and restraint: Determinants of domestic water conflict and cooperation VL - 29 ID - 26148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boin, Arjen AU - McConnell, Allan DO - 10.1111/j.1468-5973.2007.00504.x IS - 1 PY - 2007 SN - 1468-5973 SP - 50-59 ST - Preparing for critical infrastructure breakdowns: The limits of crisis management and the need for resilience T2 - Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management TI - Preparing for critical infrastructure breakdowns: The limits of crisis management and the need for resilience VL - 15 ID - 21461 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fire suppression in many dry forest types has left a legacy of dense, homogeneous forests. Such landscapes have high water demands and fuel loads, and when burned can result in catastrophically large fires. These characteristics are undesirable in the face of projected warming and drying in the western US. Alternative forest and fire treatments based on managed wildfire—a regime in which fires are allowed to burn naturally and only suppressed under defined management conditions—offer a potential strategy to ameliorate the effects of fire suppression. Understanding the long-term effects of this strategy on vegetation, water, and forest resilience is increasingly important as the use of managed wildfire becomes more widely accepted. The Illilouette Creek Basin in Yosemite National Park has experienced 40 years of managed wildfire, reducing forest cover by 22%, and increasing meadow areas by 200% and shrublands by 24%. Statistical upscaling of 3300 soil moisture observations made since 2013 suggests that large increases in wetness occurred in sites where fire caused transitions from forests to dense meadows. The runoff ratio (ratio of annual runoff to precipitation) from the basin appears to be increasing or stable since 1973, compared to declines in runoff ratio for nearby, unburned watersheds. Managed wildfire appears to increase landscape heterogeneity, and likely improves resilience to disturbances, such as fire and drought, although more detailed analysis of fire effects on basin-scale hydrology is needed. AU - Boisramé, Gabrielle AU - Thompson, Sally AU - Collins, Brandon AU - Stephens, Scott DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s10021-016-0048-1 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1435-0629 SP - 717-732 ST - Managed wildfire effects on forest resilience and water in the Sierra Nevada T2 - Ecosystems TI - Managed wildfire effects on forest resilience and water in the Sierra Nevada VL - 20 ID - 23666 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boisvenue, Céline AU - Running, Steven W. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01134.x IS - 5 KW - climate change climate change impacts forest growth forest productivity forest vegetation review of changes in forests PY - 2006 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 862-882 ST - Impacts of climate change on natural forest productivity – evidence since the middle of the 20th century T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Impacts of climate change on natural forest productivity – evidence since the middle of the 20th century VL - 12 ID - 21189 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The physical and chemical processes responsible for exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the sea are analyzed. It is shown that the rate of transfer is considerably decreased due to the finite rate of hydration of CO2 in water. This is the case both for a smooth water surface where molecular diffusion plays a rôle in the first few hundredths of a millimeter as well as for a rough sea where turbulence extends all the way to the surface. A general agreement is found between the transfer rate deduced in this way and the rate of exchange estimated on the basis of the C14/C12 ratio in the atmosphere and the sea. AU - Bolin, Bert DO - 10.3402/tellusa.v12i3.9402 IS - 3 PY - 1960 SP - 274-281 ST - On the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the sea T2 - Tellus TI - On the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the sea VL - 12 ID - 25231 ER - TY - RPRT AB - The utility-scale solar sector has led the overall U.S. solar market in terms of installed capacity since 2012. This report—the fourth edition in an ongoing annual series—provides data-driven analysis of the utility-scale solar project fleet in the United States. We analyze not just installed project costs or prices, but also operating costs, capacity factors, and power purchase agreement ("PPA") prices from a large sample of utility-scale solar PV and CSP projects throughout the United States. Some of the more-notable findings from this year's edition include the following: * Installation Trends: The use of solar tracking devices continued to expand in 2015. In a reflection of the ongoing geographic expansion of the market beyond the high-insolation Southwest, the average long-term insolation level across newly built project sites declined for the first time in 2015. Meanwhile, the average inverter loading ratio has increased among more recent project vintages, to 1.31. * Installed Prices: Median installed PV project prices within a sizable sample have steadily fallen by nearly 60% since the 2007-2009 period, to $2.7/WAC (or $2.1/WDC) for projects completed in 2015. The lowest 20th percentile of projects within our 2015 sample were priced at or below $2.2/WAC, with the lowest-priced projects around $1.7/WAC. * Operation and Maintenance ("O&M") Costs: PV O&M costs (from a very small sample of projects) were in the neighborhood of $15/kWAC-year, or $7/MWh, in 2015. These numbers include only those costs incurred to directly operate and maintain the generating plant, but exclude property taxes, insurance, land royalties, performance bonds, various administrative and other fees, and overhead. * Capacity Factors: Project-level AC capacity factors range widely, from 15.1% to 35.7%, with a sample median of 26.4%. This variation is based on the strength of the solar resource at each project site, whether the array is mounted at a fixed tilt or on a tracking mechanism, the inverter loading ratio, and likely degradation. Improvements in these factors have driven mean capacity factors higher over the last four years, to nearly 27% among 2014-vintage projects. * PPA Prices: Driven by lower installed project prices and improving capacity factors, levelized PPA prices for utility-scale PV have fallen dramatically over time. Most PPAs in the 2015 sample are priced at or below $50/MWh levelized, with a few priced as aggressively as ~$30/MWh. Even at these low price levels, PV may still find it difficult to compete with existing gas-fired generation, given how low natural gas prices have fallen over the past year. When stacked up against new gas-fired generation, PV looks more attractive—and in either case can also provide a hedge against possible future increases in fossil fuel costs. At the end of 2015, there were at least 56.8 GW of utility-scale solar power capacity in interconnection queues across the nation. The growth within these queues has come primarily from Texas and the Southeast, Central, and Northeast regions, which is a clear sign that the utility-scale market is maturing and expanding outside of its traditional high-insolation comfort zones of California and the Southwest. AU - Bolinger, Mark AU - Seel, Joachim CY - Berkeley, CA NV - LBNL- 1006037 PB - Berkeley Lab PY - 2016 ST - Utility-Scale Solar 2015: An Empirical Analysis of Project Cost, Performance, and Pricing Trends in the United States TI - Utility-Scale Solar 2015: An Empirical Analysis of Project Cost, Performance, and Pricing Trends in the United States UR - https://emp.lbl.gov/publications/utility-scale-solar-2015-empirical ID - 21338 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Bolstad, Erika C4 - 77370f21-351a-4086-8018-8a812b84a3e3 PB - E&E News PY - 2017 SE - May 1 ST - High ground is becoming hot property as sea level rises T2 - Climatewire TI - High ground is becoming hot property as sea level rises ID - 24040 ER - TY - JOUR AB - High-quality climate predictions are crucial for understanding the impacts of different greenhouse gas emission scenarios and for mitigating and adapting to the resulting climatic changes. Bonan and Doney review advances in Earth system models that include the terrestrial and marine biosphere. Such models capture interactions between physical and biological aspects of the Earth system. This provides insight into climate impacts of societal importance, such as altered crop yields, wildfire risk, and water availability. Further research is needed to better understand model uncertainties, some of which may be unavoidable, and to better translate observations into model representations.Science, this issue p. eaam8328BACKGROUNDEarth system models (ESMs) simulate physical, chemical, and biological processes that underlie climate and are the most complex in a hierarchy of models of Earth’s interacting atmosphere–land–ocean–sea ice system. As terrestrial and marine ecosystems have been added to ESMs, the distinction between the physical basis for climate change, mitigation, and vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation (VIA) no longer necessarily holds. The same global change stresses that affect terrestrial and marine ecosystems are critical processes that determine the magnitude and trajectory of climate change, and many of the interventions that might lessen anthropogenic climate change pertain to the biosphere. Here we describe environmental changes that are stressing terrestrial and marine ecosystems. We discuss how these stressors are being included in ESMs, initially with an emphasis on climate processes, but also show their emerging utility for VIA analyses and examine them in the context of Earth system prediction.ADVANCESTerrestrial ecosystems face stresses from changing climate and atmospheric composition that alter phenology, growing season length, and community composition; these stresses enhance productivity and water-use efficiency in some regions, but also lead to mortality and increased disturbances from wildfires, insects, and extreme events in other regions. The addition of reactive nitrogen, elevated levels of tropospheric O3, and anthropogenic land-use and land-cover change stress ecosystems as well. The terrestrial biosphere models included in ESMs simulate the ecological impacts of these stresses and their effects on Earth system functioning. Ocean ecosystems and living marine resources face threats from ocean warming, changing large-scale circulation, increased vertical stratification, declining oxygen, and acidification, which alter nutrient supply, the light environment, and phytoplankton productivity; result in coral bleaching; and produce novel marine communities. Three-dimensional ocean models simulate the carbon cycle and associated biogeochemistry. Plankton ecosystem models both drive biogeochemistry models and characterize marine ecological dynamics.OUTLOOKThe untapped potential of ESMs is to bring dispersed terrestrial and marine ecosystem research related to climate processes, VIA, and mitigation into a common framework. ESMs offer an opportunity to move beyond physical descriptors of atmospheric and oceanic states to societally relevant quantities such as habitat loss, water availability, wildfire risk, air quality, and crop, fishery, and timber yields. To do so, the science of climate prediction has to be extended to a more multifaceted Earth system prediction, including the biosphere and its resources. ESMs provide the means not just to assess the potential for future global change stresses, but also to determine the outcome of those stresses on the biosphere. Such Earth system prediction is necessary to inform sound policy that maintains a healthy biosphere and provides the food, energy, and fresh water needed for a growing global population without further exacerbating climate change. Substantial impediments that must be overcome include advancing our knowledge of biosphere-related climate processes; reducing model uncertainty; and effectively communicating among, rather th n across, the disparate science communities of climate prediction, global biosphere modeling, VIA analyses, and climate change mitigation.The various models used for climate projections and mitigation and VIA analyses overlap in scope and would benefit from a broad perspective of Earth system prediction.Shown are the domains of ESMs, mitigation models, and VIA models along axes from VIA to climate processes (horizontal) and from primarily serving the research community to informing societal needs (vertical). Panels show forests and agriculture (left) and marine ecosystems (right) as represented across modeling domains.Many global change stresses on terrestrial and marine ecosystems affect not only ecosystem services that are essential to humankind, but also the trajectory of future climate by altering energy and mass exchanges with the atmosphere. Earth system models, which simulate terrestrial and marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles, offer a common framework for ecological research related to climate processes; analyses of vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation; and climate change mitigation. They provide an opportunity to move beyond physical descriptors of atmospheric and oceanic states to societally relevant quantities such as wildfire risk, habitat loss, water availability, and crop, fishery, and timber yields. To achieve this, the science of climate prediction must be extended to a more multifaceted Earth system prediction that includes the biosphere and its resources. AU - Bonan, Gordon B. AU - Doney, Scott C. DO - 10.1126/science.aam8328 IS - 6375 PY - 2018 ST - Climate, ecosystems, and planetary futures: The challenge to predict life in Earth system models T2 - Science TI - Climate, ecosystems, and planetary futures: The challenge to predict life in Earth system models VL - 359 ID - 25486 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bond, Craig A. AU - Strong, Aaron AU - Burger, Nicholas AU - Weilant, Sarah AU - Saya, Uzaib AU - Chandra, Anita CY - Santa Monica, CA DO - 10.7249/RR2129 PB - RAND Corporation PY - 2017 SN - RR-2129-RF SP - 159 ST - Resilience Dividend Valuation Model: Framework Development and Initial Case Studies TI - Resilience Dividend Valuation Model: Framework Development and Initial Case Studies UR - https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2129.html ID - 25307 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bond, Nicholas A. AU - Cronin, Meghan F. AU - Freeland, Howard AU - Mantua, Nathan DO - 10.1002/2015GL063306 IS - 9 KW - SLP anomalies warm SST seasonal heating mechanisms regional and downwind impacts northeast Pacific Ocean 4572 Upper ocean and mixed layer processes 4504 Air/sea interactions PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 3414-3420 ST - Causes and impacts of the 2014 warm anomaly in the NE Pacific T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Causes and impacts of the 2014 warm anomaly in the NE Pacific VL - 42 ID - 19709 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Large changes in the hydrology of the western United States have been observed since the mid-twentieth century. These include a reduction in the amount of precipitation arriving as snow, a decline in snowpack at low and midelevations, and a shift toward earlier arrival of both snowmelt and the centroid (center of mass) of streamflows. To project future water supply reliability, it is crucial to obtain a better understanding of the underlying cause or causes for these changes. A regional warming is often posited as the cause of these changes without formal testing of different competitive explanations for the warming. In this study, a rigorous detection and attribution analysis is performed to determine the causes of the late winter/early spring changes in hydrologically relevant temperature variables over mountain ranges of the western United States. Natural internal climate variability, as estimated from two long control climate model simulations, is insufficient to explain the rapid increase in daily minimum and maximum temperatures, the sharp decline in frost days, and the rise in degree-days above 0°C (a simple proxy for temperature-driven snowmelt). These observed changes are also inconsistent with the model-predicted responses to variability in solar irradiance and volcanic activity. The observations are consistent with climate simulations that include the combined effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols. It is found that, for each temperature variable considered, an anthropogenic signal is identifiable in observational fields. The results are robust to uncertainties in model-estimated fingerprints and natural variability noise, to the choice of statistical downscaling method, and to various processing options in the detection and attribution method. AU - Bonfils, C. AU - Santer, B.D. AU - Pierce, D.W. AU - Hidalgo, H.G. AU - Bala, G. AU - Das, T. AU - Barnett, T.P. AU - Cayan, D.R. AU - Doutriaux, C. AU - Wood, A.W. AU - Mirin, A. AU - Nozawa, T. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/2008JCLI2397.1 IS - 23 KW - Climate models, ; ENSO, ; Pacific decadal oscillation, ; Orographic effects, ; Climate variability PY - 2008 SN - 1520-0442 SP - 6404-6424 ST - Detection and attribution of temperature changes in the mountainous western United States T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Detection and attribution of temperature changes in the mountainous western United States VL - 21 ID - 12671 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bonnin, Geoffrey M. AU - Maitaria, Kazungu AU - Yekta, Michael DO - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00603.x IS - 6 KW - precipitation climate variability/change statistics time series analysis rainfall frequency rainfall intensity stationarity PY - 2011 SN - 1752-1688 SP - 1173-1182 ST - Trends in rainfall exceedances in the observed record in selected areas of the United States T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - Trends in rainfall exceedances in the observed record in selected areas of the United States VL - 47 ID - 21471 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boon, John D. DA - 2012/11/01 DO - 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00102.1 PY - 2012 SN - 0749-0208 SP - 1437-1445 ST - Evidence of sea level acceleration at U.S. and Canadian tide stations, Atlantic Coast, North America T2 - Journal of Coastal Research TI - Evidence of sea level acceleration at U.S. and Canadian tide stations, Atlantic Coast, North America VL - 28 ID - 20765 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Booth, J. Ashley T. AU - McPhee-Shaw, Erika E. AU - Chua, Paul AU - Kingsley, Eric AU - Denny, Mark AU - Phillips, Roger AU - Bograd, Steven J. AU - Zeidberg, Louis D. AU - Gilly, William F. DA - 8/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.csr.2012.06.009 KW - Hypoxia Oxygen pH Internal tides Coastal ecosystems Upwelling PY - 2012 SN - 0278-4343 SP - 108-115 ST - Natural intrusions of hypoxic, low pH water into nearshore marine environments on the California coast T2 - Continental Shelf Research TI - Natural intrusions of hypoxic, low pH water into nearshore marine environments on the California coast VL - 45 ID - 20383 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bopp, L. AU - Resplandy, L. AU - Orr, J. C. AU - Doney, S. C. AU - Dunne, J. P. AU - Gehlen, M. AU - Halloran, P. AU - Heinze, C. AU - Ilyina, T. AU - Séférian, R. AU - Tjiputra, J. AU - Vichi, M. DO - 10.5194/bg-10-6225-2013 IS - 10 PY - 2013 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 6225-6245 ST - Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: Projections with CMIP5 models T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: Projections with CMIP5 models VL - 10 ID - 20010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bopp, L. AU - Resplandy, L. AU - Orr, J. C. AU - Doney, S. C. AU - Dunne, J. P. AU - Gehlen, M. AU - Halloran, P. AU - Heinze, C. AU - Ilyina, T. AU - Séférian, R. AU - Tjiputra, J. AU - Vichi, M. DO - 10.5194/bg-10-6225-2013 IS - 10 PY - 2013 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 6225-6245 ST - Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: Projections with CMIP5 models T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: Projections with CMIP5 models VL - 10 ID - 25487 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Borges, Alberto V. AU - Gypens, Nathalie DO - 10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0346 IS - 1 PY - 2010 SN - 1939-5590 SP - 346-353 ST - Carbonate chemistry in the coastal zone responds more strongly to eutrophication than ocean acidification T2 - Limnology and Oceanography TI - Carbonate chemistry in the coastal zone responds more strongly to eutrophication than ocean acidification VL - 55 ID - 20011 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper analyzes the optimal mix of adaptation and mitigation expenditures in a cost-effective setting, in which countries cooperate to achieve a long-term stabilization target (550 CO2-eq). It uses an Integrated Assessment Model (AD-WITCH) that describes the relationships between different adaptation modes (reactive and anticipatory), mitigation and capacity building to analyze the optimal portfolio of adaptation measures. Results show that the optimal intertemporal distribution of climate policy measures is characterized by early investments in mitigation followed by large adaptation expenditures a few decades later. Hence, the possibility of adapting does not justify postponing mitigation. Moreover, a climate change policy combining mitigation and adaptation is less costly than mitigation alone. In this sense mitigation and adaptation are shown to be strategic complements rather than mutually exclusive. AU - Bosello, Francesco AU - Carraro, Carlo AU - De Cian, Enrica DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1355770X13000132 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2013/04/29 IS - 3 PY - 2013 SN - 1355-770X SP - 270-290 ST - Adaptation can help mitigation: An integrated approach to post-2012 climate policy T2 - Environment and Development Economics TI - Adaptation can help mitigation: An integrated approach to post-2012 climate policy VL - 18 ID - 24498 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Bosman, Julie DA - June 25 PY - 2014 SP - A12 ST - Vast stretches of Minnesota are flooded as swollen rivers overflow T2 - New York Times TI - Vast stretches of Minnesota are flooded as swollen rivers overflow UR - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/us/much-of-minnesota-is-flooded-as-swollen-rivers-overflow.html ID - 26020 ER - TY - JOUR AB - One consequence of climate change is an increasing mismatch between timing of food requirements and food availability. Such a mismatch is primarily expected in avian long-distance migrants because of their complex annual cycle, and in habitats with a seasonal food peak. Here we show that insectivorous long-distance migrant species in The Netherlands declined strongly (1984–2004) in forests, a habitat characterized by a short spring food peak, but that they did not decline in less seasonal marshes. Also, within generalist long-distance migrant species, populations declined more strongly in forests than in marshes. Forest-inhabiting migrant species arriving latest in spring declined most sharply, probably because their mismatch with the peak in food supply is greatest. Residents and short-distance migrants had non-declining populations in both habitats, suggesting that habitat quality did not deteriorate. Habitat-related differences in trends were most probably caused by climate change because at a European scale, long-distance migrants in forests declined more severely in western Europe, where springs have become considerably warmer, when compared with northern Europe, where temperatures during spring arrival and breeding have increased less. Our results suggest that trophic mismatches may have become a major cause for population declines in long-distance migrants in highly seasonal habitats.%U http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royprsb/277/1685/1259.full.pdf AU - Both, Christiaan AU - Van Turnhout, Chris A. M. AU - Bijlsma, Rob G. AU - Siepel, Henk AU - Van Strien, Arco J. AU - Foppen, Ruud P. B. DO - 10.1098/rspb.2009.1525 IS - 1685 PY - 2010 SP - 1259-1266 ST - Avian population consequences of climate change are most severe for long-distance migrants in seasonal habitats T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Avian population consequences of climate change are most severe for long-distance migrants in seasonal habitats VL - 277 ID - 23346 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bottero, Alessandra AU - D'Amato, Anthony W. AU - Palik, Brian J. AU - Bradford, John B. AU - Fraver, Shawn AU - Battaglia, Mike A. AU - Asherin, Lance A. DO - 10.1111/1365-2664.12847 IS - 6 KW - climate change adaptation drought impacts ecosystem services Pinus ponderosa Pinus resinosa semi-arid forests temperate forests thinning tree population density PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2664 SP - 1605-1614 ST - Density-dependent vulnerability of forest ecosystems to drought T2 - Journal of Applied Ecology TI - Density-dependent vulnerability of forest ecosystems to drought VL - 54 ID - 22010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boucek, R. E. AU - Gaiser, E. E. AU - Liu, H. AU - Rehage, J. S. C7 - e01455 DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1455 IS - 10 KW - climate change community ecology extreme climate event Special Feature: Extreme Cold Spells subtropics PY - 2016 SN - 2150-8925 SP - e01455 ST - A review of subtropical community resistance and resilience to extreme cold spells T2 - Ecosphere TI - A review of subtropical community resistance and resilience to extreme cold spells VL - 7 ID - 24298 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boucek, Ross E. AU - Rehage, Jennifer S. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12574 IS - 6 KW - climate extremes cold fronts community ecology disturbance droughts estuaries functional trait structure PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1821-1831 ST - Climate extremes drive changes in functional community structure T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Climate extremes drive changes in functional community structure VL - 20 ID - 24297 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bouchama, A. AU - Dehbi, M. AU - Mohamed, G. AU - Matthies, F. AU - Shoukri, M. AU - Menne, B. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1001/archinte.167.20.ira70009 IS - 20 PY - 2007 SP - 2170-2176 ST - Prognostic factors in heat wave-related deaths: A meta-analysis T2 - Archives of Internal Medicine TI - Prognostic factors in heat wave-related deaths: A meta-analysis VL - 167 ID - 12681 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boucher, John NV - 6 PY - 1998 SN - 0160-3345 SP - 3-17 ST - The cost of living: Measuring it for Alaska T2 - Alaska Economic Trends TI - The cost of living: Measuring it for Alaska UR - http://labor.alaska.gov/trends/trendspdf/jun99.pdf VL - 19 ID - 22179 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Boulon, Rafe AU - The Acropora Biological Review Team PY - 2005 SP - 152 + App. ST - Atlantic Acropora Status Review Document. Report to National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional Office TI - Atlantic Acropora Status Review Document. Report to National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional Office UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/16200 ID - 26444 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We combine Landsat and MODIS data in a land model to assess the impact of urbanization on US surface climate. For cities built within forests, daytime urban land surface temperature (LST) is much higher than that of vegetated lands. For example, in Washington DC and Atlanta, daytime mean temperature differences between impervious and vegetated lands reach 3.3 and 2.0 °C, respectively. Conversely, for cities built within arid lands, such as Phoenix, urban areas are 2.2 °C cooler than surrounding shrubs. We find that the choice and amount of tree species in urban settings play a commanding role in modulating cities’ LST. At continental and monthly scales, impervious surfaces are 1.9 °C ± 0.6 °C warmer than surroundings during summer and expel 12% of incoming precipitation as surface runoff compared to 3.2% over vegetation. We also show that the carbon lost to urbanization represents 1.8% of the continental total, a striking number considering urbanization occupies only 1.1% of the US land. With a small areal extent, urbanization has significant effects on surface energy, water and carbon budgets and reveals an uneven impact on surface climate that should inform upon policy options for improving urban growth including heat mitigation and carbon sequestration. AU - Bounoua, Lahouari AU - Zhang, Ping AU - Mostovoy, Georgy AU - Thome, Kurtis AU - Masek, Jeffrey AU - Imhoff, Marc AU - Shepherd, Marshall AU - Quattrochi, Dale AU - Santanello, Joseph AU - Silva, Julie AU - Wolfe, Robert AU - Toure, Ally Mounirou DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084010 IS - 8 PY - 2015 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 084010 ST - Impact of urbanization on US surface climate T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Impact of urbanization on US surface climate VL - 10 ID - 20340 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During the last century, global climate has been warming, and projections indicate that such a warming is likely to continue over coming decades. Most of the extra heat is stored in the ocean, resulting in thermal expansion of seawater and global mean sea level rise. Previous studies have shown that after CO2 emissions cease or CO2 concentration is stabilized, global mean surface air temperature stabilizes or decreases slowly, but sea level continues to rise. Using idealized CO2 scenario simulations with a hierarchy of models including an AOGCM and a step-response model, the authors show how the evolution of thermal expansion can be interpreted in terms of the climate energy balance and the vertical profile of ocean warming. Whereas surface temperature depends on cumulative CO2 emissions, sea level rise due to thermal expansion depends on the time profile of emissions. Sea level rise is smaller for later emissions, implying that targets to limit sea level rise would need to refer to the rate of emissions, not only to the time integral. Thermal expansion is in principle reversible, but to halt or reverse it quickly requires the radiative forcing to be reduced substantially, which is possible on centennial time scales only by geoengineering. If it could be done, the results indicate that heat would leave the ocean more readily than it entered, but even if thermal expansion were returned to zero, the geographical pattern of sea level would be altered. Therefore, despite any aggressive CO2 mitigation, regional sea level change is inevitable. AU - Bouttes, N. AU - Gregory, J. M. AU - Lowe, J. A. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00285.1 IS - 8 KW - Ocean dynamics,General circulation models PY - 2013 SP - 2502-2513 ST - The reversibility of sea level rise T2 - Journal of Climate TI - The reversibility of sea level rise VL - 26 ID - 25194 ER - TY - DATA AU - Bowden, Jared AU - Wootten, Adam AU - Terando, A. AU - Boyles, R. C4 - 66a435ae-179c-49f4-981b-248d647b9579 DO - 10.5066/F7GB23BW PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2018 SE - 2018-05-08 ST - Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF): Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands Dynamical Downscaled Climate Change Projections TI - Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF): Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands Dynamical Downscaled Climate Change Projections ID - 26428 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bowen, Gabriel J. AU - Maibauer, Bianca J. AU - Kraus, Mary J. AU - Rohl, Ursula AU - Westerhold, Thomas AU - Steimke, Amy AU - Gingerich, Philip D. AU - Wing, Scott L. AU - Clyde, William C. DA - 01//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo2316 IS - 1 M3 - Letter PY - 2015 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 44-47 ST - Two massive, rapid releases of carbon during the onset of the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Two massive, rapid releases of carbon during the onset of the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum VL - 8 ID - 20583 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bowles, Devin C. AU - Butler, Colin D. AU - Friel, Sharon DO - 10.1002/2013ef000177 IS - 2 N1 - Ch7 PY - 2014 SN - 23284277 SP - 60-67 ST - Climate change and health in Earth's future T2 - Earth's Future TI - Climate change and health in Earth's future VL - 2 ID - 16490 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bowman, D.M.J.S. AU - Balch, J.K. AU - Artaxo, P. AU - Bond, W.J. AU - Carlson, J.M. AU - Cochrane, M.A. AU - D’Antonio, C.M. AU - DeFries, R.S. AU - Doyle, J.C. AU - Harrison, S.P. AU - Johnston, F.H. AU - Keeley, J.E. AU - Krawchuk, M.A. AU - Kull, C.A. AU - Marston, J.B. AU - Moritz, M.A. AU - Prentice, I.C. AU - Roos, C.I. AU - Scott, A.C. AU - Swetnam, T.W. AU - van der Werf, G. R. AU - Pyne, S.J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1126/science.1163886 IS - 5926 PY - 2009 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 481-484 ST - Fire in the Earth system T2 - Science TI - Fire in the Earth system VL - 324 ID - 12686 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boyce, Daniel G. AU - Dowd, Michael AU - Lewis, Marlon R. AU - Worm, Boris DA - 2014/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.01.004 PY - 2014 SN - 0079-6611 SP - 163-173 ST - Estimating global chlorophyll changes over the past century T2 - Progress in Oceanography TI - Estimating global chlorophyll changes over the past century VL - 122 ID - 23348 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boyce, Daniel G. AU - Lewis, Marlon R. AU - Worm, Boris C6 - NCA DA - 07/29/print DO - 10.1038/nature09268 IS - 7306 PY - 2010 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 591-596 ST - Global phytoplankton decline over the past century T2 - Nature TI - Global phytoplankton decline over the past century VL - 466 ID - 12689 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boyce, Daniel G. AU - Lewis, Marlon R. AU - Worm, Boris DA - 04/13/online DO - 10.1038/nature09953 PY - 2011 SP - E8 ST - Boyce et al. reply T2 - Nature TI - Boyce et al. reply VL - 472 ID - 23349 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anticipation is increasingly central to urgent contemporary debates, from climate change to the global economic crisis. Anticipatory practices are coming to the forefront of political, organizational, and citizens’ society. Research into anticipation, however, has not kept pace with public demand for insights into anticipatory practices, their risks and uses. Where research exists, it is deeply fragmented. This paper seeks to identify how anticipation is defined and understood in the literature and to explore the role of anticipatory practice to address individual, social, and global challenges. We use a resilience lens to examine these questions. We illustrate how varying forms of anticipatory governance are enhanced by multi-scale regional networks and technologies and by the agency of individuals, drawing from an empirical case study on regional water governance of Mälaren, Sweden. Finally, we discuss how an anticipatory approach can inform adaptive institutions, decision making, strategy formation, and societal resilience. AU - Boyd, Emily AU - Nykvist, Björn AU - Borgström, Sara AU - Stacewicz, Izabela A. DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s13280-014-0604-x IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1654-7209 SP - 149-161 ST - Anticipatory governance for social-ecological resilience T2 - AMBIO TI - Anticipatory governance for social-ecological resilience VL - 44 ID - 25877 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Levitus, Sydney AU - Boyer, Timothy P. AU - Antonov, John I. AU - Baranova, Olga K. AU - Coleman, Carla AU - Garcia, Hernan E. AU - Grodsky, Alexandra AU - Johnson, Daphne R. AU - Locarnini, Ricardo A. AU - Mishonov, Alexey V. AU - O'Brien, Todd D. AU - Paver, Christopher R. AU - Reagan, James R. AU - Seidov, Dan AU - Smolyar, Igor V. AU - Zweng, Melissa M. CY - Silver Spring, MD DO - 10.7289/V5NZ85MT NV - NOAA Atlas NESDIS 72 PB - NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center PY - 2013 SP - 208 ST - World Ocean Database 2013 TI - World Ocean Database 2013 ID - 25074 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brabets, Timothy P. AU - Walvoord, Michelle A. DA - 2009/06/05/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.03.018 IS - 1 KW - Yukon River Pacific Decadal Oscillation Streamflow trends Permafrost thaw PY - 2009 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 108-119 ST - Trends in streamflow in the Yukon River Basin from 1944 to 2005 and the influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Trends in streamflow in the Yukon River Basin from 1944 to 2005 and the influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation VL - 371 ID - 22180 ER - TY - RPRT AU - BRACE-Illinois CY - Chicago, IL PB - University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health PY - 2016 SP - 15 ST - Climate and Health in Illinois TI - Climate and Health in Illinois UR - http://www.dph.illinois.gov/sites/default/files/publications/publicationsoprclimatehealthreport.pdf ID - 21289 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bracmort, Kelsi CY - Washington, DC PB - Congressional Research Service PY - 2010 SN - CRS R40186 SP - 9 ST - Biochar: Examination of an Emerging Concept to Mitigate Climate Change TI - Biochar: Examination of an Emerging Concept to Mitigate Climate Change UR - https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40186.pdf ID - 25585 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bradbury, James AU - Allen, Melissa AU - Dell, Rebecca CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy PY - 2015 SP - 18 ST - Climate Change and Energy Infrastructure Exposure to Storm Surge and Sea-Level Rise TI - Climate Change and Energy Infrastructure Exposure to Storm Surge and Sea-Level Rise UR - https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/07/f24/QER%20Analysis%20-%20Climate%20Change%20and%20Energy%20Infrastructure%20Exposure%20to%20Storm%20Surge%20and%20Sea-Level%20Rise_0.pdf ID - 23283 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Epidemics of cholera have been frequent in southern Africa since the reintroduction of the disease to the continent in 1970. In late 1992, following a severe drought and an influx of refugees from Mozambique, cholera reappeared in Zimbabwe for the first time since 1985 and rapidly spread through the rural areas of the country. Data relating to symptomatic cholera infection collected during 2 large outbreaks on the eastern border of the country showed that host age and sex were important factors relating to symptomatic infection, as were population density and access to water. Epidemic profiles for the 2 study areas differed in that one of the profiles exhibited a distinct second phase epidemic. This unusual pattern was compared qualitatively with the output of a series of simple mathematical models to examine the contribution of different epidemiological processes to the pattern of disease observed. Model output suggested a complex disease process, in which the dynamics may have been influenced by spatial components. Statistical analysis of these unusual data showed that the observed pattern was independent of the effects of host age or sex, and provided compelling evidence of a marked spatial component of the second phase epidemic. AU - Bradley, M. AU - Shakespeare, R. AU - Ruwende, A. AU - Woolhouse, M. E. J. AU - Mason, E. AU - Munatsi, A. DO - 10.1016/S0035-9203(96)90512-X IS - 4 N1 - 10.1016/S0035-9203(96)90512-X PY - 1996 SN - 0035-9203 SP - 378-382 ST - Epidemiological features of epidemic cholera (El Tor) in Zimbabwe T2 - Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene TI - Epidemiological features of epidemic cholera (El Tor) in Zimbabwe VL - 90 ID - 23239 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brady, Riley X. AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Lovenduski, Nicole S. AU - Rykaczewski, Ryan R. DO - 10.1002/2017GL072945 IS - 10 KW - coastal upwelling internal variability California Current Earth System Model model ensemble 1626 Global climate models 4215 Climate and interannual variability 4279 Upwelling and convergences 4516 Eastern boundary currents PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 5044-5052 ST - Emergent anthropogenic trends in California Current upwelling T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Emergent anthropogenic trends in California Current upwelling VL - 44 ID - 21089 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Brainard, Russell E. AU - Birkeland, Charles AU - Eakin, C. Mark AU - McElhany, Paul AU - Miller, Margaret W. AU - Patterson, Matt AU - Piniak, Gregory A. C6 - NCA DA - September 2011 PB - U.S. Department of Commerce  PY - 2011 SP - 530 ST - Status Review Report of 82 Candidate Coral Species Petitioned Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS‐PIFSC‐27 TI - Status Review Report of 82 Candidate Coral Species Petitioned Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS‐PIFSC‐27 UR - http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/library/pubs/tech/NOAA_Tech_Memo_PIFSC_27.pdf ID - 12699 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brainard, Russell E. AU - Oliver, Thomas AU - McPhaden, Michael J. AU - Cohen, Anne AU - Venegas, Roberto AU - Heenan, A. AU - Vargas-Angel, Bernardo AU - Rotjan, Randi AU - Mangubhai, Sangeeta AU - Flint, Elizabeth AU - Hunter, Susan A. DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0128.1 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - S21-S26 ST - Ecological impacts of the 2015/16 El Niño in the central equatorial Pacific [in "Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 from a Climate Perspective] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Ecological impacts of the 2015/16 El Niño in the central equatorial Pacific [in "Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 from a Climate Perspective] VL - 99 ID - 22395 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bramer, L. M. AU - Rounds, J. AU - Burleyson, C. D. AU - Fortin, D. AU - Hathaway, J. AU - Rice, J. AU - Kraucunas, I. DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.09.087 KW - Electrical grid Grid stress Heatwave Statistical modeling PY - 2017 SN - 0306-2619 ST - Evaluating penalized logistic regression models to predict heat-related electric grid stress days T2 - Applied Energy TI - Evaluating penalized logistic regression models to predict heat-related electric grid stress days ID - 21385 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brand, L. Arriana AU - Farnsworth, Matthew L. AU - Meyers, Jay AU - Dickson, Brett G. AU - Grouios, Christopher AU - Scheib, Amanda F. AU - Scherer, Rick D. DA - 2016/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.032 KW - Utility-scale solar development Desert tortoise () Renewable energy Thermoregulation Mitigation-driven translocation Mojave Desert PY - 2016 SN - 0006-3207 SP - 104-111 ST - Mitigation-driven translocation effects on temperature, condition, growth, and mortality of Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the face of solar energy development T2 - Biological Conservation TI - Mitigation-driven translocation effects on temperature, condition, growth, and mortality of Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the face of solar energy development VL - 200 ID - 23728 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The leading cause of bridge failure has often been identified as bridge scour, which is generally defined as the erosion or removal of streambed and/or bank material around bridge foundations due to flowing water. These scour critical bridges are particularly vulnerable during extreme flood events, and pose a major risk to human life, transportation infrastructure, and economic sustainability. Retrofitting the thousands of undersized and scour critical bridges to more rigorous standards is prohibitively expensive requiring effective yet economical countermeasures. This research tested the efficacy of using approach embankments as intentional sacrificial “fuses” to protect the bridge integrity and minimize damage during large flow events by allowing the streams to access their natural floodplain and reduce channel velocities. This countermeasure concept was evaluated using the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System models. Steady flow models were developed for three specific bridges on two river reaches. Streamflow return period estimators for both river reaches were developed using Bayesian analysis and available United States Geological Survey stream gauge data to evaluate sacrificial embankments under non-stationary climatic conditions. The use of sacrificial embankments was determined to be a cost-effective scour mitigation strategy for bridges with suboptimal hydraulic capacity and unknown or shallow foundations. Additional benefits of sacrificial embankments include reductions in upstream flood stage and velocity. AU - Brand, Matthew W. AU - Dewoolkar, Mandar M. AU - Rizzo, Donna M. DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s11069-017-2829-z IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-0840 SP - 1469-1487 ST - Use of sacrificial embankments to minimize bridge damage from scour during extreme flow events T2 - Natural Hazards TI - Use of sacrificial embankments to minimize bridge damage from scour during extreme flow events VL - 87 ID - 24537 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Biological sequestration can increase the carbon stocks of non-atmospheric reservoirs (e.g. land and land-based products). Since this contained carbon is sequestered from, and retained outside, the atmosphere for a period of time, the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is temporarily reduced and some radiative forcing is avoided. Carbon removal from the atmosphere and storage in the biosphere or anthroposphere, therefore, has the potential to mitigate climate change, even if the carbon storage and associated benefits might be temporary. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and carbon footprinting (CF) are increasingly popular tools for the environmental assessment of products, that take into account their entire life cycle. There have been significant efforts to develop robust methods to account for the benefits, if any, of sequestration and temporary storage and release of biogenic carbon. However, there is still no overall consensus on the most appropriate ways of considering and quantifying it. AU - Brandão, Miguel AU - Levasseur, Annie AU - Kirschbaum, Miko U. F. AU - Weidema, Bo P. AU - Cowie, Annette L. AU - Jørgensen, Susanne Vedel AU - Hauschild, Michael Z. AU - Pennington, David W. AU - Chomkhamsri, Kirana DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s11367-012-0451-6 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1614-7502 SP - 230-240 ST - Key issues and options in accounting for carbon sequestration and temporary storage in life cycle assessment and carbon footprinting T2 - International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment TI - Key issues and options in accounting for carbon sequestration and temporary storage in life cycle assessment and carbon footprinting VL - 18 ID - 22685 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brandeis, Thomas J. AU - Helmer, Eileen H. AU - Marcano-Vega, Humfredo AU - Lugo, Ariel E. DA - 2009/09/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.030 IS - 7 KW - Species composition Tropical secondary forest Land-use history Introduced species Cluster analysis NMS ordination Caribbean PY - 2009 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 1704-1718 ST - Climate shapes the novel plant communities that form after deforestation in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Climate shapes the novel plant communities that form after deforestation in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands VL - 258 ID - 25066 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brander, Keith DA - 2010/02/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.015 IS - 3 KW - Climate change Climate impact Fish populations Fisheries management Marine ecosystems PY - 2010 SN - 0924-7963 SP - 389-402 ST - Impacts of climate change on fisheries T2 - Journal of Marine Systems TI - Impacts of climate change on fisheries VL - 79 ID - 25065 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Brander, Luke AU - van Beukering, Pieter CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program PY - 2013 SP - 23 ST - The Total Economic Value of U.S. Coral Reefs: A Review of the Literature TI - The Total Economic Value of U.S. Coral Reefs: A Review of the Literature UR - https://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/economic_value/ ID - 25247 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brandt, Leslie AU - Derby Lewis, Abigail AU - Fahey, Robert AU - Scott, Lydia AU - Darling, Lindsay AU - Swanston, Chris DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.06.005 KW - Vulnerability Climate change Adaptive capacity Urban forest Inventory Chicago PY - 2016 SN - 1462-9011 SP - 393-402 ST - A framework for adapting urban forests to climate change T2 - Environmental Science & Policy TI - A framework for adapting urban forests to climate change VL - 66 ID - 21135 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Brandt, Leslie AU - He, Hong AU - Iverson, Louis AU - Thompson, Frank R. AU - Butler, Patricia AU - Handler, Stephen AU - Janowiak, Maria AU - Shannon, P. Danielle AU - Swanston, Chris AU - Albrecht, Matthew AU - Blume-Weaver, Richard AU - Deizman, Paul AU - DePuy, John AU - Dijak, William D. AU - Dinkel, Gary AU - Fei, Songlin AU - Jones-Farrand, D. Todd AU - Leahy, Michael AU - Matthews, Stephen AU - Nelson, Paul AU - Oberle, Brad AU - Perez, Judi AU - Peters, Matthew AU - Prasad, Anantha AU - Schneiderman, Jeffrey E. AU - Shuey, John AU - Smith, Adam B. AU - Studyvin, Charles AU - Tirpak, John M. AU - Walk, Jeffery W. AU - Wang, Wen J. AU - Watts, Laura AU - Weigel, Dale AU - Westin, Steve CY - Newtown Square, PA NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-124 PB - USDA Forest Service PY - 2014 SP - 254 ST - Central Hardwoods Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: A Report from the Central Hardwoods Climate Change Response Framework Project TI - Central Hardwoods Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: A Report from the Central Hardwoods Climate Change Response Framework Project UR - https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/45430 ID - 21263 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We developed the ecosystem vulnerability assessment approach (EVAA) to help inform potential adaptation actions in response to a changing climate. EVAA combines multiple quantitative models and expert elicitation from scientists and land managers. In each of eight assessment areas, a panel of local experts determined potential vulnerability of forest ecosystems to climate change over the next century using EVAA. Vulnerability and uncertainty ratings for forest community types in each assessment area were developed. The vulnerability of individual forest types to climate change varied by region due to regional differences in how climate change is expected to affect system drivers, stressors, and dominant species and the capacity of a forest community to adapt. This assessment process is a straightforward and flexible approach to addressing the key components of vulnerability in a collaborative setting and can easily be applied to a range of forest ecosystems at local to regional scales.

Management and Policy Implications Forest managers can use vulnerability assessments to help understand which species and ecosystems may be at greatest risk in a changing climate. Vulnerability assessments explain what systems are the most (and least) vulnerable, and, more important, why they are vulnerable. We developed the ecosystem vulnerability assessment approach (EVAA) for forest managers and scientists to collaboratively assess forest ecosystem vulnerability. We applied EVAA to eight regions in the Midwest and Northeast totaling 252 million acres. Although we have applied EVAA at the ecoregional scale, it is flexible enough to be used at larger or smaller scales, depending on the needs of managers. Results from assessments using EVAA have been successfully applied to forest management decisions across the Midwest and Northeast by nongovernmental, private, and government forest managers. How this information is applied depends on the specific goals and objectives of different places and ownerships. AU - Brandt, Leslie A. AU - Butler, Patricia R. AU - Handler, Stephen D. AU - Janowiak, Maria K. AU - Shannon, P. Danielle AU - Swanston, Christopher W. DA - // DO - 10.5849/jof.15-147 IS - 3 KW - adaptive capacity climate change adaptation climate change vulnerability climate impact assessment expert elicitation uncertainty PY - 2017 SP - 212-221 ST - Integrating science and management to assess forest ecosystem vulnerability to climate change T2 - Journal of Forestry TI - Integrating science and management to assess forest ecosystem vulnerability to climate change VL - 115 ID - 21240 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To investigate the potential for initialization to improve decadal range predictions, we quantify the initial value predictability of upper 300 m temperature in the two northern ocean basins for 12 models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5), and we contrast it with the forced predictability in Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 climate change projections. We use a recently introduced method that produces predictability estimates from long control runs. Many initial states are considered, and we find on average 1) initialization has the potential to improve skill in the first 5 years in the North Pacific and the first 9 years in the North Atlantic, and 2) the impact from initialization becomes secondary compared to the impact of RCP4.5 forcing after 6 1/2 and 8 years in the two basins, respectively. Model‐to‐model and spatial variations in these limits are, however, substantial. AU - Branstator, Grant AU - Teng, Haiyan DO - 10.1029/2012GL051974 IS - 12 PY - 2012 SP - L12703 ST - Potential impact of initialization on decadal predictions as assessed for CMIP5 models T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Potential impact of initialization on decadal predictions as assessed for CMIP5 models VL - 39 ID - 25411 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brantley, Steven AU - Ford, Chelcy R. AU - Vose, James M. DO - 10.1890/12-0616.1 IS - 4 KW - Adelges tsugae Betula lenta eastern hemlock evapotranspiration hemlock woolly adelgid invasive species Jarvis model Rhododendron maximum sap flux Tsuga canadensis vapor pressure deficit water use PY - 2013 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 777-790 ST - Future species composition will affect forest water use after loss of eastern hemlock from southern Appalachian forests T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Future species composition will affect forest water use after loss of eastern hemlock from southern Appalachian forests VL - 23 ID - 22021 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Ogallala Aquifer Program (OAP) was created in 2003 with support from Congressmen from Kansas and Texas. The OAP is a research‐education consortium seeking solutions from problems arising from declining water availability from the Ogallala Aquifer in western Kansas and the Texas High Plains. The consortium is led by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) laboratories in Bushland and Lubbock, TX, and the university partners are Kansas State University, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. The OAP has provided over $40 million to support research and education activities. About half of these funds were used to support permanent ARS scientists and ARS hired post‐docs. The other half were used by university scientists to supplement on‐going projects by providing support for supplies, sample analyses, temporary employees, etc. Initially, OAP activities were focused on seven priorities. In 2013, four objectives replaced the original seven priorities. A fifth priority was added in 2017. The current objectives are: 1) Develop and evaluate water management strategies and technologies that could reduce water withdrawals for irrigation by 20% in 2020 compared to 2012; 2) Develop and evaluate management strategies and technologies that would increase the productivity and profitability of dryland cropping systems; 3) Improve the understanding of hydrological and climatic factors that affect water use and agricultural profitability; 4) Determine the impacts of alternative water withdrawal/use policies on the economic viability of the agriculture industry of the Southern Ogallala Aquifer Region; and 5) Develop best management practices for production of high value and alternative crops for both dryland and irrigated systems. The objectives of the program and distribution of resources are decided by an executive committee with a member from each of the four universities, two from ARS, one from Bushland, and the other from Lubbock. Proposed projects that utilize resources from more than one participating institution, leverage existing resources, and address the stated objectives are more likely to be provided support. The impact of the OAP on research directed at agriculture on the High Plains has been recognized by three prestigious awards. AU - Brauer, David AU - Devlin, Dan AU - Wagner, Kevin AU - Ballou, Mike AU - Hawkins, Dean AU - Lascano, Robert DO - 10.1111/j.1936-704X.2017.03256.x IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - 4-17 ST - Ogallala Aquifer Program: A catalyst for research and education to sustain the Ogallala Aquifer on the Southern High Plains (2003–2017) T2 - Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education TI - Ogallala Aquifer Program: A catalyst for research and education to sustain the Ogallala Aquifer on the Southern High Plains (2003–2017) VL - 162 ID - 25586 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brave Heart, Maria Yellow Horse AU - Chase, Josephine AU - Elkins, Jennifer AU - Altschul, Deborah B. DA - 2011/10/01 DO - 10.1080/02791072.2011.628913 IS - 4 PY - 2011 SN - 0279-1072 SP - 282-290 ST - Historical trauma among indigenous peoples of the Americas: Concepts, research, and clinical considerations T2 - Journal of Psychoactive Drugs TI - Historical trauma among indigenous peoples of the Americas: Concepts, research, and clinical considerations VL - 43 ID - 24700 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) experienced severe declines due to habitat destruction and overfishing beginning in the late 19th century. Subsequent to the boom and bust period of exploitation, there has been minimal fishing pressure and improving habitats. However, lack of recovery led to the 2012 listing of Atlantic sturgeon under the Endangered Species Act. Although habitats may be improving, the availability of high quality spawning habitat, essential for the survival and development of eggs and larvae may still be a limiting factor in the recovery of Atlantic sturgeon. To estimate adult Atlantic sturgeon spatial distributions during riverine occupancy in the Delaware River, we utilized a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) approach along with passive biotelemetry during the likely spawning season. We found that substrate composition and distance from the salt front significantly influenced the locations of adult Atlantic sturgeon in the Delaware River. To broaden the scope of this study we projected our model onto four scenarios depicting varying locations of the salt front in the Delaware River: the contemporary location of the salt front during the likely spawning season, the location of the salt front during the historic fishery in the late 19th century, an estimated shift in the salt front by the year 2100 due to climate change, and an extreme drought scenario, similar to that which occurred in the 1960’s. The movement of the salt front upstream as a result of dredging and climate change likely eliminated historic spawning habitats and currently threatens areas where Atlantic sturgeon spawning may be taking place. Identifying where suitable spawning substrate and water chemistry intersect with the likely occurrence of adult Atlantic sturgeon in the Delaware River highlights essential spawning habitats, enhancing recovery prospects for this imperiled species. AU - Breece, Matthew W. AU - Oliver, Matthew J. AU - Cimino, Megan A. AU - Fox, Dewayne A. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0081321 IS - 11 PY - 2013 SP - e81321 ST - Shifting distributions of adult Atlantic sturgeon amidst post-industrialization and future impacts in the Delaware River: A maximum entropy approach T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Shifting distributions of adult Atlantic sturgeon amidst post-industrialization and future impacts in the Delaware River: A maximum entropy approach VL - 8 ID - 26177 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Breed, Greg A. AU - Stichter, Sharon AU - Crone, Elizabeth E. DA - 02//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate1663 IS - 2 N1 - 10.1038/nclimate1663 PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X SP - 142-145 ST - Climate-driven changes in northeastern US butterfly communities T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Climate-driven changes in northeastern US butterfly communities VL - 3 ID - 22009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Breeggemann, Jason J. AU - Kaemingk, Mark A. AU - DeBates, Timothy J. AU - Paukert, Craig P. AU - Krause, Jacob R. AU - Letvin, Alexander P. AU - Stevens, Tanner M. AU - Willis, David W. AU - Chipps, Steven R. DO - 10.1111/eff.12248 IS - 3 KW - shallow lakes temperature climate change predation growth predator–prey dynamics bioenergetics consumption PY - 2016 SN - 1600-0633 SP - 487-499 ST - Potential direct and indirect effects of climate change on a shallow natural lake fish assemblage T2 - Ecology of Freshwater Fish TI - Potential direct and indirect effects of climate change on a shallow natural lake fish assemblage VL - 25 ID - 23350 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Breitburg, D.L. AU - Salisbury, J. AU - Bernhard, J.M. AU - Cai, W.-J. AU - Dupont, S. AU - Doney, S.C. AU - Kroeker, K.J. AU - Levin, L.A. AU - Long, W.C. AU - Milke, L.M. AU - Miller, S.H. AU - Phelan, B. AU - Passow, U. AU - Seibel, B.A. AU - Todgham, A.E. AU - Tarrant, A.M. DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2015.31 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SP - 48-61 ST - And on top of all that… Coping with ocean acidification in the midst of many stressors T2 - Oceanography TI - And on top of all that… Coping with ocean acidification in the midst of many stressors VL - 28 ID - 20431 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Breitner, Susanne AU - Wolf, Kathrin AU - Devlin, Robert B. AU - Diaz-Sanchez, David AU - Peters, Annette AU - Schneider, Alexandra DA - 2014/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.048 KW - Air temperature Cause-specific mortality Effect modification Age groups Air pollution PY - 2014 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 49-61 ST - Short-term effects of air temperature on mortality and effect modification by air pollution in three cities of Bavaria, Germany: A time-series analysis T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Short-term effects of air temperature on mortality and effect modification by air pollution in three cities of Bavaria, Germany: A time-series analysis VL - 485-486 ID - 24272 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Brekke, L.D. AU - Kiang, J. E. AU - Olsen, J. R. AU - Pulwarty, R. S. AU - Raff, D. A. AU - Turnipseed, D. P. AU - Webb, R.S. AU - White, K. D C6 - NCA CY - Reston, VA PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2009 SN - U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1331 SP - 65 ST - Climate Change and Water Resources Management: A Federal Perspective TI - Climate Change and Water Resources Management: A Federal Perspective UR - http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1331/ ID - 12701 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As ecosystem service assessments increasingly contribute to decisions about managing Earth’s lands and waters, there is a growing need to understand the diverse ways that people use and value landscapes. However, these assessments rarely incorporate the value of landscapes to communities with strong cultural and generational ties to place, precluding inclusion of these values—alongside others—into planning processes. We developed a process to evaluate trade-offs and synergies in ecosystem services across land-use scenarios and under climate change in North Kona, Hawaiʻi, a tropical dry ecosystem where water, fire, biodiversity, and cultural values are all critical considerations for land management decisions. Specifically, we combined participatory deliberative methods, ecosystem service models, vegetation surveys, and document analysis to evaluate how cultural services, regulating services (groundwater recharge, landscape flammability reduction), biodiversity, and revenue: (1) vary across four land-use scenarios (pasture, coffee, agroforestry, and native forest restoration) and (2) are expected to vary with climate change (representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 mid-century scenario). The native forest restoration scenario provided high cultural, biodiversity, and ecosystem service value, whereas coffee's strongest benefit was monetary return. The agroforestry scenario offered the greatest potential in terms of maximizing multiple services. Pasture had relatively low ecological and economic value but, as with native forest and agroforestry, held high value in terms of local knowledge and cultural connection to place. Climate change amplified existing vulnerabilities for groundwater recharge and landscape flammability, but resulted in few shifts in the ranking of land-use scenarios. Our results demonstrate that cultural services need not be sacrificed at the expense of other management objectives if they are deliberately included in land-use planning from the start. Meaningfully representing what matters most to diverse groups of people, now and under a changing climate, requires greater integration of participatory methods into ecosystem service analyses. AU - Bremer, Leah L. AU - Mandle, Lisa AU - Trauernicht, Clay AU - Pascua, Pua'ala AU - McMillen, Heather L. AU - Burnett, Kimberly AU - Wada, Christopher A. AU - Kurashima, Natalie AU - Quazi, Shimona A. AU - Giambelluca, Thomas AU - Chock, Pia AU - Ticktin, Tamara C7 - 33 DO - 10.5751/ES-09936-230133 IS - 1 KW - agroforestry ahupuaʻ a cultural services ecosystem services forest restoration hydrologic services islands landscape flammability land-use change watershed management PY - 2018 SP - 33 ST - Bringing multiple values to the table: Assessing future land-use and climate change in North Kona, Hawaiʻi T2 - Ecology and Society TI - Bringing multiple values to the table: Assessing future land-use and climate change in North Kona, Hawaiʻi VL - 23 ID - 25860 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Taylor, William W. A2 - Lynch, Abigail J. A2 - Leonard, Nancy J. AU - Brenden, Travis O. AU - Brown, Russell W. AU - Ebener, Mark P. AU - Reid, Kevin AU - Newcomb, Tammy J. C4 - 46bc1606-306e-4205-b2b7-46f87c4e14ee CY - Lansing, MI ET - 2nd PB - Michigan State University Press PY - 2013 SN - 978-1611860245 SP - 339-397 ST - Great Lakes commercial fisheries: Historical overview and prognoses for the future T2 - Great Lakes Fisheries Policy and Management: A Binational Perspective TI - Great Lakes commercial fisheries: Historical overview and prognoses for the future ID - 21282 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Future drought is projected to occur under warmer temperature conditions as climate change progresses, referred to here as global-change-type drought, yet quantitative assessments of the triggers and potential extent of drought-induced vegetation die-off remain pivotal uncertainties in assessing climate-change impacts. Of particular concern is regional-scale mortality of overstory trees, which rapidly alters ecosystem type, associated ecosystem properties, and land surface conditions for decades. Here, we quantify regional-scale vegetation die-off across southwestern North American woodlands in 2002-2003 in response to drought and associated bark beetle infestations. At an intensively studied site within the region, we quantified that after 15 months of depleted soil water content, >90% of the dominant, overstory tree species (Pinus edulis, a pinon) died. The die-off was reflected in changes in a remotely sensed index of vegetation greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation index), not only at the intensively studied site but also across the region, extending over 12,000 km(2) or more; aerial and field surveys confirmed the general extent of the die-off. Notably, the recent drought was warmer than the previous subcontinental drought of the 1950s. The limited, available observations suggest that die-off from the recent drought was more extensive than that from the previous drought, extending into wetter sites within the tree species' distribution. Our results quantify a trigger leading to rapid, drought-induced die-off of overstory woody plants at subcontinental scale and highlight the potential for such die-off to be more severe and extensive for future global-change-type drought under warmer conditions. AD - Breshears, DD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Inst Study Plant Earth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Inst Study Plant Earth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Stewardship Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA Univ Kansas, Dept Math, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA Kansan Appl Remote Sensing Program, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA AU - Breshears, D.D. AU - Cobb, N.S. AU - Rich, P.M. AU - Price, K.P. AU - Allen, C.D. AU - Balice, R.G. AU - Romme, W.H. AU - Kastens, J.H. AU - Floyd, M.L. AU - Belnap, J. AU - Anderson, J.J. AU - Myers, O.B. AU - Meyer, C.W. C6 - NCA DA - OCT 18 2005 DO - 10.1073/pnas.0505734102 IS - 42 KW - tree mortality; vegetation dynamics; climate change impacts; woodlands; Pinus edulis; PINUS-EDULIS; JUNIPERUS-MONOSPERMA; SOIL-MOISTURE; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; DISTURBANCE; SOUTHWEST; WOODLAND; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS LA - English PY - 2005 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 15144-15148 ST - Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought VL - 102 ID - 12704 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Breshears, David D. AU - Knapp, Alan K. AU - Law, Darin J. AU - Smith, Melinda D. AU - Twidwell, Dirac AU - Wonkka, Carissa L. DA - 2016/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.rala.2016.06.009 IS - 4 KW - drought state and transition grassland shrubland woodland savanna PY - 2016 SN - 0190-0528 SP - 191-196 ST - Rangeland responses to predicted increases in drought extremity T2 - Rangelands TI - Rangeland responses to predicted increases in drought extremity VL - 38 ID - 23729 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bressler, Jonathan M. AU - Hennessy, Thomas W. DA - 2018/01/01 DO - 10.1080/22423982.2017.1421368 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - null SP - 1421368 ST - Results of an Arctic Council survey on water and sanitation services in the Arctic T2 - International Journal of Circumpolar Health TI - Results of an Arctic Council survey on water and sanitation services in the Arctic VL - 77 ID - 25830 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Bretz, Lauren M1 - October 18 PB - Zillow PY - 2017 ST - Climate change and homes: Who would lose the most to a rising tide? T2 - Zillow Research TI - Climate change and homes: Who would lose the most to a rising tide? UR - https://www.zillow.com/research/climate-change-underwater-homes-2-16928/ ID - 25467 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Brewer II, Joseph P. AU - Kronk Warner, Elizabeth Ann CY - Lawrence, KS NV - University of Kansas School of Law Working Paper PB - University of Kansas School of Law PY - 2015 SP - 42 ST - Guarding against exploitation: Protecting indigenous knowledge in the age of climate change TI - Guarding against exploitation: Protecting indigenous knowledge in the age of climate change UR - http://ssrn.com/abstract=2567995 ID - 21666 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Large-scale synoptic circulations have a profound effect on western U.S. summer weather and climate. Heat waves, water availability, the distribution of monsoonal moisture, fire-weather conditions, and other phenomena are impacted by the position and amplitude of large-scale synoptic circulations. Furthermore, regional weather is modulated by the interactions of the large-scale flow with terrain and land–water contrasts. It is therefore crucial to understand projected changes in large-scale circulations and their variability under anthropogenic global warming.Although recent research has examined changes in the jet stream, storm tracks, and synoptic disturbances over the Northern Hemisphere under global warming, most papers have focused on the cold season. In contrast, this work analyzes the projected trends in the spatial distribution and amplitude of large-scale synoptic disturbances over the western United States and eastern Pacific during July and August. It is shown that CMIP5 models project weaker mean midtropospheric gradients in geopotential height as well as attenuated temporal variability in geopotential height, temperature, vorticity, vertical motion, and sea level pressure over this region. Most models suggest reduced frequency of troughs and increased frequency of ridges over the western United States. These changes in the variability of synoptic disturbances have substantial implications for future regional weather and climate. AU - Brewer, Matthew C. AU - Mass, Clifford F. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-15-0598.1 IS - 16 KW - Geographic location/entity,North America,Circulation/ Dynamics,Synoptic climatology,Physical Meteorology and Climatology,Climate variability,Coastal meteorology,Models and modeling,Climate models PY - 2016 SP - 5965-5978 ST - Projected changes in western U.S. large-scale summer synoptic circulations and variability in CMIP5 models T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Projected changes in western U.S. large-scale summer synoptic circulations and variability in CMIP5 models VL - 29 ID - 23225 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brey, Steven J. AU - Fischer, Emily V. DA - 2016/02/02 DO - 10.1021/acs.est.5b05218 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 0013-936X SP - 1288-1294 ST - Smoke in the city: How often and where does smoke impact summertime ozone in the United States? T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Smoke in the city: How often and where does smoke impact summertime ozone in the United States? VL - 50 ID - 24271 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brice, Becky AU - Fullerton, Christopher AU - Hawkes, Kelsey L. AU - Mills-Novoa, Megan AU - O'Neill, Brian F. AU - Pawlowski, Wincenty M. DA - 2017/01/01 DO - 10.3375/043.037.0111 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 0885-8608 SP - 86-97 ST - The impacts of climate change on natural areas recreation: A multi-region snapshot and agency comparison T2 - Natural Areas Journal TI - The impacts of climate change on natural areas recreation: A multi-region snapshot and agency comparison VL - 37 Y2 - 2017/10/11 ID - 21606 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Briggs, M. CY - Washington, DC PB - World Wildlife Fund, Rio Grande–Rio Bravo Program PY - 2016 ST - Climate Adaptation in the Big Bend Region of the Chihuahuan Desert TI - Climate Adaptation in the Big Bend Region of the Chihuahuan Desert ID - 26735 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Brigham, Lawson W. CY - Fairbanks, AK PB - University of Alaska Fairbanks PY - 2015 SP - 216 ST - Alaska and the New Maritime Arctic. Executive Summary of a Project Report to the State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development TI - Alaska and the New Maritime Arctic. Executive Summary of a Project Report to the State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development UR - https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/6/pub/Alaska%20and%20the%20New%20Maritime%20Arctic.pdf ID - 22181 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Briley, Laura AU - Brown, Daniel AU - Kalafatis, Scott E. DA - 2015/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2015.04.004 KW - Climate change adaptation Boundary organization Information usability Decision support PY - 2015 SN - 2212-0963 SP - 41-49 ST - Overcoming barriers during the co-production of climate information for decision-making T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - Overcoming barriers during the co-production of climate information for decision-making VL - 9 ID - 21130 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Downscaled climate data are available at fine spatial scales making them desirable to local climate change practitioners. However, without a description of their uncertainty, practitioners cannot know if they provide quality information. We pose that part of the foundation for the description of uncertainty is an assessment of the ability of the underlying climate model to represent the meteorological or weather-scale processes. Here, we demonstrate an assessment of precipitation processes for the Great Lakes region using the Bias Corrected and Spatially Downscaled (BCSD) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) projections. A major weakness of the underlying models is their inability to simulate the effects of the Great Lakes, which is an important issue for most global climate models. There is also uncertainty among the models in the timing of transition between dominant precipitation processes going from the warm to cool season and vice versa. In addition, warm-season convective precipitation processes very greatly among the models. From the assessment, we discuss how process-based uncertainties in the models are inherited by the downscaled projections and how bias correction increases uncertainty in cases where precipitation processes are not well represented. Implications of these findings are presented for three regional examples: lake-effect snow, the spring seasonal transition, and summertime lake-effect precipitation. AU - Briley, Laura J. AU - Ashley, Walker S. AU - Rood, Richard B. AU - Krmenec, Andrew DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s00704-015-1652-2 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1434-4483 SP - 643-654 ST - The role of meteorological processes in the description of uncertainty for climate change decision-making T2 - Theoretical and Applied Climatology TI - The role of meteorological processes in the description of uncertainty for climate change decision-making VL - 127 ID - 21113 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brimelow, Julian C. AU - Burrows, William R. AU - Hanesiak, John M. DA - 06/26/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3321 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 516-522 ST - The changing hail threat over North America in response to anthropogenic climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - The changing hail threat over North America in response to anthropogenic climate change VL - 7 ID - 25788 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brink, Ebba AU - Aalders, Theodor AU - Ádám, Dóra AU - Feller, Robert AU - Henselek, Yuki AU - Hoffmann, Alexander AU - Ibe, Karin AU - Matthey-Doret, Aude AU - Meyer, Moritz AU - Negrut, N. Lucian AU - Rau, Anna-Lena AU - Riewerts, Bente AU - von Schuckmann, Lukas AU - Törnros, Sara AU - von Wehrden, Henrik AU - Abson, David J. AU - Wamsler, Christine DA - 2016/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.11.003 KW - Disaster risk reduction Ecosystem-based management Ecosystem services cascade model Green and blue infrastructure Nature-based solutions Resilience PY - 2016 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 111-123 ST - Cascades of green: A review of ecosystem-based adaptation in urban areas T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Cascades of green: A review of ecosystem-based adaptation in urban areas VL - 36 ID - 26555 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brinkman, Todd J. AU - Hansen, Winslow D. AU - Chapin, F. Stuart AU - Kofinas, Gary AU - BurnSilver, Shauna AU - Rupp, T. Scott DA - 2016// DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1819-6 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 413-427 ST - Arctic communities perceive climate impacts on access as a critical challenge to availability of subsistence resources T2 - Climatic Change TI - Arctic communities perceive climate impacts on access as a critical challenge to availability of subsistence resources VL - 139 ID - 22182 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brock, M. A. AU - Nielsen, Daryl L. AU - Shiel, Russell J. AU - Green, John D. AU - Langley, John D. DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01083.x IS - 7 KW - aquatic plants egg bank seed bank zooplankton PY - 2003 SN - 1365-2427 SP - 1207-1218 ST - Drought and aquatic community resilience: The role of eggs and seeds in sediments of temporary wetlands T2 - Freshwater Biology TI - Drought and aquatic community resilience: The role of eggs and seeds in sediments of temporary wetlands VL - 48 ID - 24299 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brody, Samuel D. AU - Highfield, Wesley E. DA - 2005/06/30 DO - 10.1080/01944360508976690 IS - 2 PY - 2005 SN - 0194-4363 SP - 159-175 ST - Does planning work? Testing the implementation of local environmental planning in Florida T2 - Journal of the American Planning Association TI - Does planning work? Testing the implementation of local environmental planning in Florida VL - 71 ID - 24188 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. AU - McDonald, Trent L. AU - Stirling, Ian AU - Derocher, Andrew E. AU - Richardson, Evan S. AU - Regehr, Eric V. AU - Douglas, David C. AU - Durner, George M. AU - Atwood, Todd AU - Amstrup, Steven C. DO - 10.1890/14-1129.1 IS - 3 KW - abundance Arctic climate warming Cormack-Jolly-Seber demographic modeling Horvitz-Thompson mark–recapture sea ice survival Ursus maritimus PY - 2015 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 634-651 ST - Polar bear population dynamics in the southern Beaufort Sea during a period of sea ice decline T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Polar bear population dynamics in the southern Beaufort Sea during a period of sea ice decline VL - 25 ID - 22183 ER - TY - JOUR AB - California’s San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (bay/delta) estuary system is subject to externally forced storm surge propagating from the open ocean. In the lower reaches of the delta, storm surge dominates water level extremes and can have a significant impact on wetlands, freshwater aquifers, levees, and ecosys- tems. The magnitude and distribution of open-ocean tide generated storm surge throughout the bay/delta are described by a network of stations within the bay/delta system and along the California coast. Correlation of non-tide water levels between stations in the network indicates that peak storm surge fluctuations propagate into the bay/delta system from outside the Golden Gate. The initial peak surge propa- gates from the open ocean inland, while a trailing (smaller amplitude) secondary peak is associated with river discharge. Extreme non-tide water levels are generally associated with extreme Sacramento-San Joaquin river flows, underscoring the po- tential impact of sea level rise on the delta levees and bay/delta ecosystem. AU - Bromirski, Peter D. AU - Flick, Reinhard E. PY - 2008 SP - 29-37 ST - Storm surge in the San Francisco Bay/Delta and nearby coastal locations T2 - Shore & Beach TI - Storm surge in the San Francisco Bay/Delta and nearby coastal locations UR - https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Storm-surge-in-the-San-Francisco-Bay-%2F-Delta-and-Bromirski-Flick/42e3b5b84e3252cd2147ca5a2f3a382316233c9d VL - 76 ID - 25960 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The longest available hourly tide gauge record along the West Coast (U.S.) at San Francisco yields meteorologically forced nontide residuals (NTR), providing an estimate of the variation in “storminess” from 1858 to 2000. Mean monthly positive NTR (associated with low sea level pressure) show no substantial change along the central California coast since 1858 or over the last 50 years. However, in contrast, the highest 2% of extreme winter NTR levels exhibit a significant increasing trend since about 1950. Extreme winter NTR also show pronounced quasi-periodic decadal-scale variability that is relatively consistent over the last 140 years. Atmospheric sea level pressure anomalies (associated with years having high winter NTR) take the form of a distinct, large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern, with intense storminess associated with a broad, southeasterly displaced, deep Aleutian low that directs storm tracks toward the California coast. AU - Bromirski, Peter D. AU - Flick, Reinhard E. AU - Cayan, Daniel R. DO - 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0982:svatcc>2.0.co;2 IS - 6 PY - 2003 SP - 982-993 ST - Storminess variability along the California coast: 1858–2000 T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Storminess variability along the California coast: 1858–2000 VL - 16 ID - 23730 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bronen, Robin C6 - NCA PY - 2011 SP - 357-408 ST - Climate-induced community relocations: Creating an adaptive governance framework based in human rights doctrine T2 - New York University Review of Law & Social Change TI - Climate-induced community relocations: Creating an adaptive governance framework based in human rights doctrine UR - http://socialchangenyu.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/climate-induced-migration-bronen-35-2.pdf VL - 35 ID - 12716 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Extreme weather events coupled with sea level rise and erosion will cause coastal and riverine areas where people live and maintain livelihoods to disappear permanently. Adaptation to these environmental changes, including the permanent relocation of millions of people, requires new governance tools. In the USA, local governments, often with state-level and national-level support, will be primarily responsible for protecting residents from climate-change impacts and implementing policies needed to protect their welfare. Government agencies have a variety of tools to facilitate protection in place and managed coastal retreat but have very limited tools to facilitate community relocation. In addition, no institutional mechanism currently exists to determine whether and when preventive relocation needs to occur to protect people from climate change impacts. Based on research involving four Alaska Native communities threatened by climate-induced environmental impacts, I propose the design and implementation of an adaptive governance framework to respond to the need to relocate populations. In this context, adaptive governance means the ability of institutions to dynamically respond to climate change impacts. A component of this adaptive governance framework is a social-ecological monitoring and assessment tool that can facilitate collaborative knowledge production by community residents and governance institutions to guide sustainable adaptation strategies and determine whether and when relocation needs to occur. The framework, including the monitoring and assessment tool, has not been systematically tested. However, the potential use of this tool is discussed by drawing on empirical examples of Alaskan communities faced with accelerating rates of erosion. AU - Bronen, Robin C7 - 36 IS - 3 KW - adaptation climate change coastal retreat community relocation social-ecological monitoring and assessment PY - 2015 SP - 36 ST - Climate-induced community relocations: Using integrated social-ecological assessments to foster adaptation and resilience T2 - Ecology and Society TI - Climate-induced community relocations: Using integrated social-ecological assessments to foster adaptation and resilience UR - https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol20/iss3/art36/ VL - 20 ID - 24948 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This article presents governance and institutional strategies for climate-induced community relocations. In Alaska, repeated extreme weather events coupled with climate change-induced coastal erosion impact the habitability of entire communities. Community residents and government agencies concur that relocation is the only adaptation strategy that can protect lives and infrastructure. Community relocation stretches the financial and institutional capacity of existing governance institutions. Based on a comparative analysis of three Alaskan communities, Kivalina, Newtok, and Shishmaref, which have chosen to relocate, we examine the institutional constraints to relocation in the United States. We identify policy changes and components of a toolkit that can facilitate community-based adaptation when environmental events threaten people's lives and protection in place is not possible. Policy changes include amendment of the Stafford Act to include gradual geophysical processes, such as erosion, in the statutory definition of disaster and the creation of an adaptive governance framework to allow communities a continuum of responses from protection in place to community relocation. Key components of the toolkit are local leadership and integration of social and ecological well-being into adaptation planning. AD - Resilience and Adaptation Program, Alaska Institute for Justice, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA. rbronen@yahoo.com AU - Bronen, R. AU - Chapin III, F. S. C2 - 3677491 C6 - NIEHS DA - Jun 4 DB - DO - 10.1073/pnas.1210508110 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2013/05/22 IS - 23 KW - Alaska Climate Change Conservation of Natural Resources/ methods Consumer Participation Emigration and Immigration/ statistics & numerical data Environmental Policy Humans Residence Characteristics LA - eng N1 - Bronen, Robin Chapin, F Stuart 3rd Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jun 4;110(23):9320-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1210508110. Epub 2013 May 20. PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking) SP - 9320-5 ST - Adaptive governance and institutional strategies for climate-induced community relocations in Alaska T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Adaptive governance and institutional strategies for climate-induced community relocations in Alaska VL - 110 ID - 4168 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Cernea, Michael M. A2 - Maldonado, Julie K. AU - Bronen, Robin AU - Maldonado, Julie AU - Marino, Elizabeth AU - Hardison, Preston C4 - 4a7382a0-d571-492d-a5dc-2642a231133c PB - Routledge PY - 2018 SN - 978-1138060517 1138060518 SP - 252-272 ST - Climate change and displacement: Challenges and needs to address an imminent reality T2 - Challenging the Prevailing Paradigm of Displacement and Resettlement: Risks, Impoverishment, Legacies, Solutions TI - Climate change and displacement: Challenges and needs to address an imminent reality ID - 24952 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brook, B. W. AU - Sodhi, N. S. AU - Bradshaw, C. J. A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.tree.2008.03.011 IS - 8 PY - 2008 SP - 453-460 ST - Synergies among extinction drivers under global change T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution TI - Synergies among extinction drivers under global change VL - 23 ID - 12719 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brookhart, M. Alan AU - Hubbard, Alan E. AU - van der Laan, Mark J. AU - Colford, John M. AU - Eisenberg, Joseph N. S. DO - 10.1002/sim.1258 IS - 23 KW - mathematical model profile likelihood disease transmission Cryptosporidium outbreak PY - 2002 SN - 1097-0258 SP - 3627-3638 ST - Statistical estimation of parameters in a disease transmission model: Analysis of a Cryptosporidium outbreak T2 - Statistics in Medicine TI - Statistical estimation of parameters in a disease transmission model: Analysis of a Cryptosporidium outbreak VL - 21 ID - 23731 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this Focus article, the authors ask a seemingly simple question: Are harmful algal blooms (HABs) becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? When HAB events require restrictions on fisheries, recreation, and drinking water uses of inland water bodies significant economic consequences result. Unfortunately, the magnitude, frequency, and duration of HABs in inland waters are poorly understood across spatiotemporal scales and differentially engaged among states, tribes, and territories. Harmful algal bloom impacts are not as predictable as those from conventional chemical contaminants, for which water quality assessment and management programs were primarily developed, because interactions among multiple natural and anthropogenic factors determine the likelihood and severity to which a HAB will occur in a specific water body. These forcing factors can also affect toxin production. Beyond site-specific water quality degradation caused directly by HABs, the presence of HAB toxins can negatively influence routine surface water quality monitoring, assessment, and management practices. Harmful algal blooms present significant challenges for achieving water quality protection and restoration goals when these toxins confound interpretation of monitoring results and environmental quality standards implementation efforts for other chemicals and stressors. Whether HABs presently represent the greatest threat to inland water quality is debatable, though in inland waters of developed countries they typically cause more severe acute impacts to environmental quality than conventional chemical contamination events. The authors identify several timely research needs. Environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry, and risk-assessment expertise must interface with ecologists, engineers, and public health practitioners to engage the complexities of HAB assessment and management, to address the forcing factors for HAB formation, and to reduce the threats posed to inland surface water quality. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:6–13. © 2015 SETAC AU - Brooks, Bryan W. AU - Lazorchak, James M. AU - Howard, Meredith D.A. AU - Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V. AU - Morton, Steve L. AU - Perkins, Dawn A.K. AU - Reavie, Euan D. AU - Scott, Geoffrey I. AU - Smith, Stephanie A. AU - Steevens, Jeffery A. DO - 10.1002/etc.3220 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 6-13 ST - Are harmful algal blooms becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? T2 - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry TI - Are harmful algal blooms becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? VL - 35 ID - 26103 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brooks, H. E. DA - 4/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.04.002 KW - Severe thunderstorms Tornadoes Climate change PY - 2013 SN - 0169-8095 SP - 129-138 ST - Severe thunderstorms and climate change T2 - Atmospheric Research TI - Severe thunderstorms and climate change VL - 123 ID - 19723 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Whether or not climate change has had an impact on the occurrence of tornadoes in the United States has become a question of high public and scientific interest, but changes in how tornadoes are reported have made it difficult to answer it convincingly. We show that, excluding the weakest tornadoes, the mean annual number of tornadoes has remained relatively constant, but their variability of occurrence has increased since the 1970s. This is due to a decrease in the number of days per year with tornadoes combined with an increase in days with many tornadoes, leading to greater variability on annual and monthly time scales and changes in the timing of the start of the tornado season.Will global warming cause more tornadoes? If so, that has not happened yet. Brooks et al. compiled data on the occurrence of tornadoes in the United States between 1954 and 2013 to determine if and how tornado numbers have changed. Although the authors saw no clear trend in the annual number of tornadoes, they did see more clusters of tornadoes since the 1970s. In other words, there has been a decrease in the number of days per year with tornadoes but an increase in the number of days with multiple tornadoes. Why this clustering effect has occurred is not clear.Science, this issue p. 349%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/346/6207/349.full.pdf AU - Brooks, Harold E. AU - Carbin, Gregory W. AU - Marsh, Patrick T. DO - 10.1126/science.1257460 IS - 6207 PY - 2014 SP - 349-352 ST - Increased variability of tornado occurrence in the United States T2 - Science TI - Increased variability of tornado occurrence in the United States VL - 346 ID - 19724 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Brooks, Lisa C4 - 2ffbb14f-4d5b-4843-9a23-11fd13341319 CY - Minneapolis, MN PB - University of Minnesota Press PY - 2008 SN - 978-0-8166-4784-2 SP - 408 ST - The Common Pot: The Recovery of Native Space in the Northeast T2 - Indigenous Americas TI - The Common Pot: The Recovery of Native Space in the Northeast VL - 7 ID - 21877 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Here we provide an overview of current research activities on nitrogen (N) cycling in high‐elevation catchments of the Colorado Front Range. We then use this information to develop a conceptual model of how snow cover controls subnivial (below snowpack) microbial processes and N leachate from the snow‐soil interface to surface waters. This model is based on research that identifies subnivial processes as a major control on the leaching loss of N from soil during snowmelt. These subnivial soil processes are controlled by the development of the seasonal snow pack that insulates soil from cold air temperatures and allows heterotrophic microbial activity in the soil to immobilize N. In this model the duration of snow‐cover is divided into four snowpack regimes; zone I is characterized by shallow‐short duration snowpacks, zone II is characterized by high interannual variability in snow depth and duration, zone III is characterized by early developing, continuous snow cover, and zone IV is characterized by deep, long‐duration snow cover verging on perennial snowpacks. In zone I, soils remain frozen and there is little microbial activity and N leachate is high. In zone II, total microbial activity is highly variable and the amount of N leachate is highly variable. In zone III, total microbial activity is high and there is little N leachate. In zone IV, microbial activity is reduced because of carbon limitation and N leachate is high. This model suggests that a portion of the spatial and temporal variability observed in N export from these seasonally snow‐covered systems is due to variability in winter snow cover across landscape types and inter‐annually within a landscape type. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. AU - Brooks, Paul D. AU - Williams, Mark W. DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2177::AID-HYP850>3.0.CO;2-V IS - 14‐15 PY - 1999 SP - 2177-2190 ST - Snowpack controls on nitrogen cycling and export in seasonally snow‐covered catchments T2 - Hydrological Processes TI - Snowpack controls on nitrogen cycling and export in seasonally snow‐covered catchments VL - 13 ID - 25149 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Miscanthus represents a key candidate energy crop for use in biomass‐to‐liquid fuel‐conversion processes and biorefineries to produce a range of liquid fuels and chemicals; it has recently attracted considerable attention. Its yield, elemental composition, carbohydrate and lignin content and composition are of high importance to be reviewed for future biofuel production and development. Starting from Miscanthus, various pre‐treatment technologies have recently been developed in the literature to break down the lignin structure, disrupt the crystalline structure of cellulose, and enhance its enzyme digestibility. These technologies included chemical, physicochemical, and biological pre‐treatments. Due to its significantly lower concentrations of moisture and ash, Miscanthus also represents a key candidate crop for use in biomass‐to‐liquid conversion processes to produce a range of liquid fuels and chemicals by thermochemical conversion. The goal of this paper is to review the current status of the technology for biofuel production from this crop within a biorefinery context. AU - Brosse, Nicolas AU - Dufour, Anthony AU - Meng, Xianzhi AU - Sun, Qining AU - Ragauskas, Arthur DO - 10.1002/bbb.1353 IS - 5 PY - 2012 SP - 580-598 ST - Miscanthus: A fast‐growing crop for biofuels and chemicals production T2 - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining TI - Miscanthus: A fast‐growing crop for biofuels and chemicals production VL - 6 ID - 25587 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brouillard, Brent M. AU - Dickenson, Eric R. V. AU - Mikkelson, Kristin M. AU - Sharp, Jonathan O. DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.106 KW - Total organic carbon Disinfection byproducts Tree mortality Bark beetle infestation Hydrologic drivers PY - 2016 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 649-659 ST - Water quality following extensive beetle-induced tree mortality: Interplay of aromatic carbon loading, disinfection byproducts, and hydrologic drivers T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Water quality following extensive beetle-induced tree mortality: Interplay of aromatic carbon loading, disinfection byproducts, and hydrologic drivers VL - 572 ID - 23732 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Brown, Austin AU - Beiter, Philipp AU - Heimiller, Donna AU - Davidson, Carolyn AU - Denholm, Paul AU - Melius, Jennifer AU - Lopez, Anthony AU - Dylan Hettinger AU - Mulcahy, David AU - Porro, Gian CY - Golden, CO PB - National Renewable Energy Laboratory PY - 2016 SN - NREL/TP-6A20-64503 SP - 127 ST - Estimating Renewable Energy Economic Potential in the United States: Methodology and Initial Results TI - Estimating Renewable Energy Economic Potential in the United States: Methodology and Initial Results UR - https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy15osti/64503.pdf ID - 26351 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Brown and Caldwell DA - 2016/09// PY - 2016 SP - 53 ST - Technical Memorandum #1: Impacts of Climate Change on Honolulu Water Supplies and Planning Strategies for Mitigation—Understanding Future Climate, Demand, and Land Use Projections for the Island of Oahu TI - Technical Memorandum #1: Impacts of Climate Change on Honolulu Water Supplies and Planning Strategies for Mitigation—Understanding Future Climate, Demand, and Land Use Projections for the Island of Oahu ID - 22396 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brown, Casey AU - Werick, William AU - Leger, Wendy AU - Fay, David DO - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00552.x IS - 3 KW - climate change decision analysis risk management planning under uncertainty PY - 2011 SN - 1752-1688 SP - 524-534 ST - A decision-analytic approach to managing climate risks: Application to the Upper Great Lakes T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - A decision-analytic approach to managing climate risks: Application to the Upper Great Lakes VL - 47 ID - 21472 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In order to understand the magnitude, direction, and geographic distribution of land-use changes, we evaluated land-use trends in U.S. counties during the latter half of the 20th century. Our paper synthesizes the dominant spatial and temporal trends in population, agriculture, and urbanized land uses, using a variety of data sources and an ecoregion classification as a frame of reference. A combination of increasing attractiveness of nonmetropolitan areas in the period 1970–2000, decreasing household size, and decreasing density of settlement has resulted in important trends in the patterns of developed land. By 2000, the area of low-density, exurban development beyond the urban fringe occupied nearly 15 times the area of higher density urbanized development. Efficiency gains, mechanization, and agglomeration of agricultural concerns has resulted in data that show cropland area to be stable throughout the Corn Belt and parts of the West between 1950 and 2000, but decreasing by about 22% east of the Mississippi River. We use a regional case study of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions to focus in more detail on the land-cover changes resulting from these dynamics. Dominating were land-cover changes associated with the timber practices in the forested plains ecoregions and urbanization in the piedmont ecoregions. Appalachian ecoregions show the slowest rates of land-cover change. The dominant trends of tremendous exurban growth, throughout the United States, and conversion and abandonment of agricultural lands, especially in the eastern United States, have important implications because they affect large areas of the country, the functioning of ecological systems, and the potential for restoration. AU - Brown, D.G. AU - Johnson, K.M. AU - Loveland, T.R. AU - Theobald, D.M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1890/03-5220 IS - 6 KW - agriculture, ; demography, ; dispersed development, ; land-use change PY - 2005 SN - 1051-0761 SP - 1851-1863 ST - Rural land-use trends in the conterminous United States, 1950-2000 T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Rural land-use trends in the conterminous United States, 1950-2000 VL - 15 ID - 12722 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Brown, Daniel G. AU - Polsky, Colin AU - Bolstad, Paul AU - Brody, Samuel D. AU - Hulse, David AU - Kroh, Roger AU - Loveland, Thomas R. AU - Thomson, Allison C4 - 8cbef4be-90a3-4191-b203-4f967eb0e8a4 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J05Q4T1Q PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 318-332 ST - Ch. 13: Land use and land cover change T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 13: Land use and land cover change UR - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/land-use-and-land-cover-change ID - 8657 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Garfin, G. A2 - Jardine, A. A2 - Merideth, R. A2 - Black, Mary A2 - LeRoy, Sarah. AU - Brown, H.E. AU - Comrie, A. AU - Drechsler, D. AU - Barker, C.M. AU - Basu, R. AU - Brown, T. AU - Gershunov, A. AU - Kilpatrick, A.M. AU - Reisen, W.K. AU - Ruddell, D.M. C4 - d8bd2def-be9b-47e3-84de-199bcd26c31d CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2013 SN - 9781610914468 SP - 312-339 ST - Ch. 15: Human health T2 - Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States: A Report Prepared for the National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 15: Human health UR - http://swccar.org/sites/all/themes/files/SW-NCA-color-FINALweb.pdf ID - 12725 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Institute of Medicine AU - Brown, Heidi E. AU - Comrie, Andrew C. AU - Tamerius, James AU - Khan, Mohammed AU - A.Tabor, Joseph AU - Galgiani, John N. C4 - b262f5a3-6d59-4902-ba8e-04427593dabd CY - Washington, DC PB - National Academies Press PY - 2014 SN - 978-0-309-30499-3 SP - 266-281 ST - Climate, windstorms, and the risk of valley fever (Coccidioidomycosis) T2 - The Influence of Global Environmental Change on Infectious Disease Dynamics TI - Climate, windstorms, and the risk of valley fever (Coccidioidomycosis) ID - 23735 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While estimates of the impact of climate change on health are necessary for health care planners and climate change policy makers, models to produce quantitative estimates remain scarce. This study describes a freely available dynamic simulation model parameterized for three West Nile virus vectors, which provides an effective tool for studying vectorborne disease risk due to climate change. The Dynamic Mosquito Simulation Model is parameterized with species-specific temperature-dependent development and mortality rates. Using downscaled daily weather data, this study estimates mosquito population dynamics under current and projected future climate scenarios for multiple locations across the country. Trends in mosquito abundance were variable by location; however, an extension of the vector activity periods, and by extension disease risk, was almost uniformly observed. Importantly, midsummer decreases in abundance may be offset by shorter extrinsic incubation periods, resulting in a greater proportion of infective mosquitoes. Quantitative descriptions of the effect of temperature on the virus and mosquito are critical to developing models of future disease risk. AU - Brown, Heidi E. AU - Young, Alex AU - Lega, Joceline AU - Andreadis, Theodore G. AU - Schurich, Jessica AU - Comrie, Andrew DO - 10.1175/ei-d-15-0008.1 IS - 18 KW - Ecological models,Disease,Ecological models,Local effects PY - 2015 SP - 1-18 ST - Projection of climate change influences on U.S. West Nile virus vectors T2 - Earth Interactions TI - Projection of climate change influences on U.S. West Nile virus vectors VL - 19 ID - 23667 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brown, Jesslyn F. AU - Pervez, Md Shahriar DA - 2014/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.agsy.2014.01.004 KW - Irrigated agriculture Remote sensing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index High Plains Aquifer Geospatial model PY - 2014 SN - 0308-521X SP - 28-40 ST - Merging remote sensing data and national agricultural statistics to model change in irrigated agriculture T2 - Agricultural Systems TI - Merging remote sensing data and national agricultural statistics to model change in irrigated agriculture VL - 127 ID - 25453 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brown, Joel R. AU - Herrick, Jeffrey E. DA - May 1, 2016 DO - 10.2489/jswc.71.3.55A IS - 3 PY - 2016 SP - 55A-60A ST - Making soil health a part of rangeland management T2 - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation TI - Making soil health a part of rangeland management VL - 71 ID - 23506 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Brown, M.E. AU - Antle, J.M. AU - Backlund, P. AU - Carr, E.R. AU - Easterling, W.E. AU - Walsh, M.K. AU - Ammann, C. AU - Attavanich, W. AU - Barrett, C.B. AU - Bellemare, M.F. AU - Dancheck, V. AU - Funk, C. AU - Grace, K. AU - Ingram, J.S.I. AU - Jiang, H. AU - Maletta, H. AU - Mata, T. AU - Murray, A. AU - Ngugi, M. AU - Ojima, D. AU - O’Neill, B. AU - Tebaldi, C. CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0862DC7 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2015 SP - 146 ST - Climate Change, Global Food Security, and the U.S. Food System TI - Climate Change, Global Food Security, and the U.S. Food System ID - 23655 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brown, Molly E. AU - Carr, Edward R. AU - Grace, Kathryn L. AU - Wiebe, Keith AU - Funk, Christopher C. AU - Attavanich, Witsanu AU - Backlund, Peter AU - Buja, Lawrence DA - 4// DO - 10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.02.004 PY - 2017 SN - 0306-9192 SP - 154-159 ST - Do markets and trade help or hurt the global food system adapt to climate change? T2 - Food Policy TI - Do markets and trade help or hurt the global food system adapt to climate change? VL - 68 ID - 22089 ER - TY - JOUR AB - U.S. hourly surface observations are examined at 145 stations to identify annual and seasonal changes in temperature, dewpoint, relative humidity, and specific humidity since 1930. Because of numerous systematic instrument changes that have occurred, a homogeneity assessment was performed on temperatures and dewpoints. Dewpoints contained higher breakpoint detection rates associated with instrumentation changes than did temperatures. Temperature trends were tempered by adjusting the data, whereas dewpoints were unaffected. The effects were the same whether the adjustments were based on statistically detected or fixed-year breakpoints. Average long-term trends (1930–2010) indicate that temperature has warmed but that little change has occurred in dewpoint and specific humidity. Warming is strongest in spring. There is evidence of inhomogeneity in the relative humidity record that primarily affects data from prior to 1950. Therefore, long-term decreases in relative humidity, which are strongest in winter, need to be viewed with caution. Trends since 1947 indicate that the warming of temperatures has coincided with increases in dewpoints and a moistening of specific humidity. This moistening is especially pronounced during the summer in the Midwest. For the nation, trends in relative humidity show little change for the period 1947–2010, during which these data are more homogeneous. Moistening has occurred throughout the central United States while other regions have experienced drying. Urban-related warming and drying trends are present in the data, but their effect is minimal. Regional changes in land use and moisture availability are likely influencing trends in atmospheric moisture. AU - Brown, Paula J. AU - DeGaetano, Arthur T. DO - 10.1175/jamc-d-12-035.1 IS - 1 KW - Climate change,Surface temperature,Water vapor PY - 2013 SP - 147-163 ST - Trends in U.S. surface humidity, 1930–2010 T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - Trends in U.S. surface humidity, 1930–2010 VL - 52 ID - 21201 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A snowpack model sensitivity study, observed changes of snow cover in the NOAA satellite dataset, and snow cover simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multimodel dataset are used to provide new insights into the climate response of Northern Hemisphere (NH) snow cover. Under conditions of warming and increasing precipitation that characterizes both observed and projected climate change over much of the NH land area with seasonal snow cover, the sensitivity analysis indicated snow cover duration (SCD) was the snow cover variable exhibiting the strongest climate sensitivity, with sensitivity varying with climate regime and elevation. The highest snow cover–climate sensitivity was found in maritime climates with extensive winter snowfall—for example, the coastal mountains of western North America (NA). Analysis of trends in snow cover duration during the 1966–2007 period of NOAA data showed the largest decreases were concentrated in a zone where seasonal mean air temperatures were in the range of −5° to +5°C that extended around the midlatitudinal coastal margins of the continents. These findings were echoed by the climate models that showed earlier and more widespread decreases in SCD than annual maximum snow water equivalent (SWEmax), with the zone of earliest significant decrease located over the maritime margins of NA and western Europe. The lowest SCD–climate sensitivity was observed in continental interior climates with relatively cold and dry winters, where precipitation plays a greater role in snow cover variability. The sensitivity analysis suggested a potentially complex elevation response of SCD and SWEmax to increasing temperature and precipitation in mountain regions as a result of nonlinear interactions between the duration of the snow season and snow accumulation rates. AU - Brown, Ross D. AU - Mote, Philip W. DO - 10.1175/2008jcli2665.1 IS - 8 KW - Northern Hemisphere,Climate change,Snow cover PY - 2009 SP - 2124-2145 ST - The response of Northern Hemisphere snow cover to a changing climate T2 - Journal of Climate TI - The response of Northern Hemisphere snow cover to a changing climate VL - 22 ID - 21919 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brown, R. D. AU - Robinson, D. A. DO - 10.5194/tc-5-219-2011 IS - 1 PY - 2011 SN - 1994-0424 SP - 219-229 ST - Northern Hemisphere spring snow cover variability and change over 1922–2010 including an assessment of uncertainty T2 - The Cryosphere TI - Northern Hemisphere spring snow cover variability and change over 1922–2010 including an assessment of uncertainty VL - 5 ID - 20301 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many inhabitants of cities throughout the world suffer from health problems and discomfort that are caused by overheating of urban areas, and there is compelling evidence that these problems will be exacerbated by global climate change. Most cities are not designed to ameliorate these effects although it is well-known that this is possible, especially through evidence-based climate-responsive design of urban open spaces. Urban parks and green spaces have the potential to provide thermally comfortable environments and help reduce vulnerability to heat stress. However, in order for them to provide this function, parks must be designed within the context of the prevailing climate and predicted future climates. To analyze the effects of elements that alter microclimate in parks, we used human energy budget simulations. We modelled the outdoor human energy budget in a range of warm to hot climate zones and interpreted the results in terms of thermal comfort and health vulnerability. Reduction of solar radiant input with trees had the greatest effect in all test cities. Reduction in air temperature was the second-most important component, and in some climates was nearly as important as incorporating shade. We then conducted similar modelling using predicted climates for the middle of the century, emphasizing the importance of city-level efforts for park design to assist in minimizing future climate-related urban health risks. These simulations suggested that heat waves in many climates will produce outdoor environments where people will be in extreme danger of heat stress, but that appropriately designed parks can reduce the threat. AU - Brown, Robert D. AU - Vanos, Jennifer AU - Kenny, Natasha AU - Lenzholzer, Sanda DA - 6// DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.006 KW - urban heat urban forest climate change PY - 2015 SN - 0169-2046 SP - 118-131 ST - Designing urban parks that ameliorate the effects of climate change T2 - Landscape and Urban Planning TI - Designing urban parks that ameliorate the effects of climate change VL - 138 ID - 22704 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat stress has a significant impact on all livestock and poultry species causing economic losses and animal well-being concerns. Providing shade is one heat-abatement strategy that has been studied for years. Material selected to provide shade for animals greatly influences the overall stress reduction provided by shade. A study was conducted to quantify both the environment and animal response, when cattle had no shade access during summertime exposure or were given access to shade provided by three different materials. A total of 32 Black Angus heifers were assigned to one of the four treatment pens according to weight (eight animals per pen). Each pen was assigned a shade treatment: No Shade, Snow Fence, 60% Aluminet Shade Cloth and 100% Shade Cloth. In the shaded treatment pens, the shade structure covered ~40% of the pen (7.5 m2/animal). Animals were moved to a different treatment every 2 weeks in a 4×4 Latin square design to ensure each treatment was applied to each group of animals. Both environmental parameters and physiological responses were measured during the experiment. Environmental parameters included dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, black globe temperature (BGT), solar radiation (SR) and feedlot surface temperature. Animal response measurements included manual respiration rate (RRm), electronic respiration rate (RRe), vaginal temperature (body temperature (BT)), complete blood count (CBC) and plasma cortisol. The environmental data demonstrated changes proportional to the quality of shade offered. However, the animal responses did not follow this same trend. Some of the data suggest that any amount of shade was beneficial to the animals. However, Snow Fence may not offer adequate protection to reduce BT. For some of the parameters (BT, CBC and cortisol), 60% Aluminet and 100% Shade Cloth offers similar protection. The 60% Aluminet lowered RRe the most during extreme conditions. When considering all parameters, environmental and physiological, 60% Aluminet Shade Cloth offered reductions of BGT, SR, feedlot surface temperature and the best (or equal to the best) overall protection for the animals (RRe, RRm, BT, blood parameters). AU - Brown-Brandl, T. M. AU - Chitko-McKown, C. G. AU - Eigenberg, R. A. AU - Mayer, J. J. AU - Welsh, T. H. AU - Davis, J. D. AU - Purswell, J. L. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1751731116002664 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 12/23 IS - 8 KW - body temperature cattle heat stress respiration rate shade PY - 2017 SN - 1751-7311 SP - 1344-1353 ST - Physiological responses of feedlot heifers provided access to different levels of shade T2 - Animal TI - Physiological responses of feedlot heifers provided access to different levels of shade VL - 11 ID - 23507 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Activities involved in receiving or working (e.g., sorting, dehorning, castration, weighing, implanting, etc.) of feedlot cattle cause an increase in body temperature. During hot weather the increased body temperature may disrupt normal behaviors including eating, which can be especially detrimental to the well-being and performance of the animals. Sprinkle cooling of animals has been successfully employed within the pen; however, added moisture to the pens’ surface increases odor generation from the pen. A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a single instance of wetting an animal within the working facility instead of in the pen, which could potentially provide extra evaporative cooling to offset the added heat produced by activity. Sixty-four cross-bred heifers were assigned to one of eight pens on the basis of weight. On four separate occasions during hot conditions (average temperature 28.2 ± 1.9°C, 29.1 ± 2.0°C, 28.9 ± 3.0°C, and 26.8 ± 1.6°C; with the temperature ranging from 22.6 to 32.5°C during the trials), the heifers were moved from their pens to and from the working facility (a building with a scale and squeeze chute located 160–200 m away). While in the squeeze chute, four of the pens of heifers were sprinkle cooled and the remaining four pens were worked as normal. The heifers that were treated had a body temperature that peaked sooner (31.9 ± 0.63 min compared to 37.6 ± 0.62) with a lower peak body temperature (39.55 ± 0.03°C compared to 39.74 ± 0.03°C), and recovered sooner (70.5 ± 2.4 min compared to 83.2 ± 2.4 min). The treated animals also had a lower panting score, a visual assessment of level of cattle heat stress (1.1 ± 0.2 compared to 1.16 ± 0.2). The behavior measurements that were taken did not indicate a change in behavior. It was concluded that while a single instance of wetting an animal within the working facility did not completely offset the increase in body temperature, it was beneficial to the animals without needing to add water to the pen surface, thus reducing the potential for odor generation. AU - Brown-Brandl, Tami M. AU - Eigenberg, Roger A. AU - Nienaber, John A. DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s00484-009-0282-8 IS - 6 M3 - journal article PY - 2010 SN - 1432-1254 SP - 609-616 ST - Water spray cooling during handling of feedlot cattle T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology TI - Water spray cooling during handling of feedlot cattle VL - 54 ID - 21587 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat stress in cattle causes decreases in feed intake, growth, and efficiency. In extreme cases, heat stress can cause death of vulnerable animals. A simple shade can reduce the animal’s radiant heat load by 30% or more. However, for most feedlots, adding shade structures to all pens is cost-prohibitive. The objective of this study was to determine how animals, with known risk factors (color, previous cases of pneumonia, condition score, and temperament) for heat stress, respond to having access to shade. Feedlot heifers (384 animals; 128 animals year-1 for three years) of two breeds (Angus and Charolais) and two composite breeds (MARC I [¼ Charolais, ¼ Braunvieh, ¼ Limousin, â…› Angus, and â…› Hereford] and MARC III [¼ Pinzgauer, ¼ Red Poll, ¼ Hereford, and ¼ Angus]) were selected and penned on the basis of weight and breed. Heifers were weighed and scored for condition and temperament every 28 days. Heat tolerance was accessed by measurements of respiration rate taken twice daily at 08:00 and 13:00 h on a preselected group of 64 animals. It was determined that shade lowered the respiration rate of all animals. In addition, shade had a greater impact on the Angus cattle than the Charolais cattle, with the two composite breeds (with dark red and tan hides) having an intermediate response. Access to shade did not improve weight gains of any of the breeds. AU - Brown-Brandl, Tami M. AU - Eigenberg, Roger A. AU - Nienaber, John A. DO - 10.13031/trans.56.9902 IS - 4 KW - Cattle Feedlot Heat stress Respiration rate Shade. PY - 2013 SN - 2151-0032 SP - 1563 ST - Benefits of providing shade to feedlot cattle of different breeds T2 - Transactions of the ASABE TI - Benefits of providing shade to feedlot cattle of different breeds VL - 56 ID - 21588 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dementia is an issue of increasing importance in indigenous populations in the United States. We begin by discussing what is known about dementia prevalence and elder family caregiving in American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian populations. We briefly highlight examples of culture-based programming developed to address a number of chronic diseases and conditions that disproportionately affect these communities. These programs have produced positive health outcomes in American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian populations and may have implications for research and practice in the dementia context of culture-based interventions. Evidence-based and culture-based psychosocial programming in dementia care for indigenous populations in the United States designed by the communities they intend to serve may offer elders and families the best potential for care that is accessible, respectful, and utilized. AU - Browne, Colette V. AU - Ka’opua, Lana Sue AU - Jervis, Lori L. AU - Alboroto, Richard AU - Trockman, Meredith L. DO - 10.1093/geront/gnw059 IS - 6 N1 - 10.1093/geront/gnw059 PY - 2017 SN - 0016-9013 SP - 1011-1019 ST - United States indigenous populations and dementia: Is there a case for culture-based psychosocial interventions? T2 - The Gerontologist TI - United States indigenous populations and dementia: Is there a case for culture-based psychosocial interventions? VL - 57 ID - 24944 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An understanding of the spatial distribution of the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis, is a fundamental component in assessing human risk for Lyme disease in much of the United States. Although a county-level vector distribution map exists for the United States, its accuracy is limited by arbitrary categories of its reported presence. It is unknown whether reported positive areas can support established populations and whether negative areas are suitable for established populations. The steadily increasing range of I. scapularis in the United States suggests that all suitable habitats are not currently occupied. Therefore, we developed a spatially predictive logistic model for I. scapularis in the 48 conterminous states to improve the previous vector distribution map. We used ground-observed environmental data to predict the probability of established I. scapularis populations. The autologistic analysis showed that maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures as well as vapor pressure significantly contribute to population maintenance with an accuracy of 95% (p < 0.0001). A cutoff probability for habitat suitability was assessed by sensitivity analysis and was used to reclassify the previous distribution map. The spatially modeled relationship between I. scapularis presence and large-scale environmental data provides a robust suitability model that reveals essential environmental determinants of habitat suitability, predicts emerging areas of Lyme disease risk, and generates the future pattern of I. scapularis across the United States. AU - Brownstein, John S. AU - Holford, Theodore R. AU - Fish, Durland DB - PMC IS - 9 PY - 2003 SN - 0091-6765 SP - 1152-1157 ST - A climate-based model predicts the spatial distribution of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in the United States T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - A climate-based model predicts the spatial distribution of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in the United States UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/3435502 VL - 111 ID - 18337 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Brubaker, Michael AU - Bell, Jake AU - Berner, James AU - Black, Mike AU - Chaven, Raj AU - Smith, Jeff AU - Warren, John CY - Anchorage, AK PB - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium PY - 2011 SP - 54 ST - Climate Change in Noatak, Alaska: Strategies for Community Health TI - Climate Change in Noatak, Alaska: Strategies for Community Health UR - https://anthc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/CCH_AR_062011_Climate-Change-in-Noatak.pdf ID - 26556 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Brubaker, Michael AU - Berner, James AU - Bell, Jacob AU - Warren, John CY - Anchorage, AK PB - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium PY - 2011 SP - 66 ST - Climate Change in Kivalina, Alaska: Strategies for Community Health TI - Climate Change in Kivalina, Alaska: Strategies for Community Health UR - http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/sites/default/files/public/php/26952/Climate%20Change%20HIA%20Report_Kivalina.pdf ID - 22184 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brubaker, M. AU - Berner, J. AU - Chavan, R. AU - Warren, J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.3402/gha.v4i0.8445 PY - 2011 SP - 1-5 ST - Climate change and health effects in Northwest Alaska T2 - Global Health Action TI - Climate change and health effects in Northwest Alaska VL - 4 ID - 12735 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Brubaker, Mike AU - Zweifel, Kevin AU - Demir, Jennifer AU - Shannon, Anahma CY - Anchorage, AK PB - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium PY - 2015 SP - 58 ST - Climate Change in the Bering Strait Region: Observations and Lessons From Seven Communities TI - Climate Change in the Bering Strait Region: Observations and Lessons From Seven Communities UR - https://westernalaskalcc.org/projects/Lists/Project%20Products/Attachments/118/Climate-Change-and-Health-Effects-in-Bering-Straits-Region3-2015.pdf ID - 24953 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is an increasing demand for climate science that decision-makers can readily use to address issues created by climate variability and climate change. To be usable, the science must be relevant to their context and the complex management challenges they face and credible and legitimate in their eyes. The literature on usable science provides guiding principles for its development, which indicate that climate scientists who want to participate in the process need skills in addition to their traditional disciplinary training to facilitate communicating, interacting, and developing and sustaining relationships with stakeholders outside their disciplines. However, the literature does not address questions about what specific skills are needed and how to provide climate scientists with these skills. To address these questions, this article presents insights from interviews with highly experienced and respected "first generation” climate science integrators from across the United States. The term “climate science integrator” is used to refer to climate scientists who specialize in helping decision-makers to integrate the best available climate science into their decision-making processes. The cadre of scientists who participated in the research has largely developed their methods for working successfully with stakeholders without formal training but often with the guidance of a mentor. Their collective wisdom illuminates the kinds of skills needed to be a successful science integrator and provides mentoring for aspiring science integrators. It also suggests the types of training that would cultivate these skills and indicates ways to change academic training and institutions to better encourage the next generation and to support this kind of work. AU - Brugger, Julie AU - Meadow, Alison AU - Horangic, Alexandra DO - 10.1175/bams-d-14-00289.1 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SP - 355-365 ST - Lessons from first-generation climate science integrators T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Lessons from first-generation climate science integrators VL - 97 ID - 26557 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bruneaux, Matthieu AU - Visse, Marko AU - Gross, Riho AU - Pukk, Lilian AU - Saks, Lauri AU - Vasemägi, Anti DO - 10.1111/1365-2435.12701 IS - 1 KW - aerobic scope brown trout fish leucocyte formula upper thermal tolerance PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2435 SP - 216-226 ST - Parasite infection and decreased thermal tolerance: Impact of proliferative kidney disease on a wild salmonid fish in the context of climate change T2 - Functional Ecology TI - Parasite infection and decreased thermal tolerance: Impact of proliferative kidney disease on a wild salmonid fish in the context of climate change VL - 31 ID - 21607 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bruno, J.F. AU - Selig, E.R. AU - Casey, K.S. AU - Page, C.A. AU - Willis, B.L. AU - Harvell, C.D. AU - Sweatman, H. AU - Melendy, A.M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050124 IS - 6 PY - 2007 SN - 1545-7885 SP - e124 ST - Thermal stress and coral cover as drivers of coral disease outbreaks T2 - PLoS Biology TI - Thermal stress and coral cover as drivers of coral disease outbreaks VL - 5 ID - 12744 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bruno, John F. AU - Valdivia, Abel DA - 07/20/online DO - 10.1038/srep29778 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - Art. 29778 ST - Coral reef degradation is not correlated with local human population density T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Coral reef degradation is not correlated with local human population density VL - 6 ID - 24843 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brusca, Richard C. AU - Wiens, John F. AU - Meyer, Wallace M. AU - Eble, Jeff AU - Franklin, Kim AU - Overpeck, Jonathan T. AU - Moore, Wendy DO - 10.1002/ece3.720 IS - 10 KW - climate change elevational shifts montane plants Southwest PY - 2013 SN - 2045-7758 SP - 3307-3319 ST - Dramatic response to climate change in the Southwest: Robert Whittaker's 1963 Arizona Mountain plant transect revisited T2 - Ecology and Evolution TI - Dramatic response to climate change in the Southwest: Robert Whittaker's 1963 Arizona Mountain plant transect revisited VL - 3 ID - 23733 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Organisms and chemicals preserved in sediment cores from the Chesapeake estuary in mid-Atlantic USA are consistent with a precolonial landscape covered with a diversity of forests and marshes, large and small. During the past 300 years, many of the wetlands have been drained, and the landscape was converted to agricultural fields and urban and suburban development. During this time, sources of nitrogen have diversified, and loadings have increased. Since precolonial time, the mesohaline estuary has become increasingly eutrophic and anoxic. Estuaries and coastal regions throughout the world have experienced similar conditions in their recent history. These changes are recorded in Chesapeake sediment cores by increases in ragweed pollen, dry taxa, sedimentation rates, nitrogen influxes, and a major change in estuarine autotrophs from benthic to planktonic. In many areas, attempts to reverse estuarine eutrophication and anoxia have centered on restoring streams and riparian areas and reducing fertilizer use on agricultural lands. However, data from soils and historical reports and the paleoecological record suggest that to reduce the effects of modern nitrogen inputs, it may be necessary to locate and enhance denitrifying areas throughout the watershed. AU - Brush, Grace S. DO - 10.1007/s12237-008-9106-z IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2009 SN - 1559-2731 SP - 18-28 ST - Historical land use, nitrogen, and coastal eutrophication: A paleoecological perspective T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - Historical land use, nitrogen, and coastal eutrophication: A paleoecological perspective VL - 32 ID - 20384 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bryan, A. M. AU - Steiner, A. L. AU - Posselt, D. J. DO - 10.1002/2014JD022316 IS - 3 KW - land-atmosphere interactions lake feedbacks regional climate modeling Great Lakes hydroclimate 1818 Evapotranspiration 3322 Land/atmosphere interactions 3355 Regional modeling PY - 2015 SN - 2169-8996 SP - 1044-1064 ST - Regional modeling of surface-atmosphere interactions and their impact on Great Lakes hydroclimate T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - Regional modeling of surface-atmosphere interactions and their impact on Great Lakes hydroclimate VL - 120 ID - 21106 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bucci, Monica AU - Marques, Sara Silvério AU - Oh, Debora AU - Harris, Nadine Burke DO - 10.1016/j.yapd.2016.04.002 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 0065-3101 SP - 403-428 ST - Toxic stress in children and adolescents T2 - Advances in Pediatrics TI - Toxic stress in children and adolescents VL - 63 Y2 - 2017/12/15 ID - 23734 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Estimates of future flood hazards made under the assumption of stationary mean sea level are biased low due to sea-level rise (SLR). However, adjustments to flood return levels made assuming fixed increases of sea level are also inadequate when applied to sea level that is rising over time at an uncertain rate. SLR allowances—the height adjustment from historic flood levels that maintain under uncertainty the annual expected probability of flooding—are typically estimated independently of individual decision-makers’ preferences, such as time horizon, risk tolerance, and confidence in SLR projections. We provide a framework of SLR allowances that employs complete probability distributions of local SLR and a range of user-defined flood risk management preferences. Given non-stationary and uncertain sea-level rise, these metrics provide estimates of flood protection heights and offsets for different planning horizons in coastal areas. We illustrate the calculation of various allowance types for a set of long-duration tide gauges along U.S. coastlines. AU - Buchanan, Maya K. AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Oppenheimer, Michael AU - Tebaldi, Claudia DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1664-7 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 347-362 ST - Allowances for evolving coastal flood risk under uncertain local sea-level rise T2 - Climatic Change TI - Allowances for evolving coastal flood risk under uncertain local sea-level rise VL - 137 ID - 19911 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The amplification of flood frequencies by sea level rise (SLR) is expected to become one of the most economically damaging impacts of climate change for many coastal locations. Understanding the magnitude and pattern by which the frequency of current flood levels increase is important for developing more resilient coastal settlements, particularly since flood risk management (e.g. infrastructure, insurance, communications) is often tied to estimates of flood return periods. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fifth Assessment Report characterized the multiplication factor by which the frequency of flooding of a given height increases (referred to here as an amplification factor; AF). However, this characterization neither rigorously considered uncertainty in SLR nor distinguished between the amplification of different flooding levels (such as the 10% versus 0.2% annual chance floods); therefore, it may be seriously misleading. Because both historical flood frequency and projected SLR are uncertain, we combine joint probability distributions of the two to calculate AFs and their uncertainties over time. Under probabilistic relative sea level projections, while maintaining storm frequency fixed, we estimate a median 40-fold increase (ranging from 1- to 1314-fold) in the expected annual number of local 100-year floods for tide-gauge locations along the contiguous US coastline by 2050. While some places can expect disproportionate amplification of higher frequency events and thus primarily a greater number of historically precedented floods, others face amplification of lower frequency events and thus a particularly fast growing risk of historically unprecedented flooding. For example, with 50 cm of SLR, the 10%, 1%, and 0.2% annual chance floods are expected respectively to recur 108, 335, and 814 times as often in Seattle, but 148, 16, and 4 times as often in Charleston, SC. AU - Buchanan, Maya K. AU - Oppenheimer, Michael AU - Kopp, Robert E. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cb3 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 064009 ST - Amplification of flood frequencies with local sea level rise and emerging flood regimes T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Amplification of flood frequencies with local sea level rise and emerging flood regimes VL - 12 ID - 21878 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change has driven many organisms to shift their seasonal timing. Are humans also shifting their weather-related behaviors such as outdoor recreation? Here we show that peak attendance in US national parks experiencing climate change has shifted 4 days earlier since 1979. Of the nine parks experiencing significant increases in mean spring temperatures, seven also exhibit shifts in the timing of peak attendance. Of the 18 parks without significant temperature changes, only 3 exhibit attendance shifts. Our analysis suggests that humans are among the organisms shifting behavior in response to climate change. AD - Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA. buckley@bio.unc.edu AU - Buckley, L. B. AU - Foushee, M. S. C6 - NIEHS DA - Nov DB - DO - 10.1007/s00484-011-0508-4 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2011/11/24 IS - 6 KW - Climate Change/ history History, 20th Century History, 21st Century Humans Recreation/ history Time Factors United States LA - eng N1 - Buckley, Lauren B Foushee, Madison S Historical Article United States Int J Biometeorol. 2012 Nov;56(6):1173-7. doi: 10.1007/s00484-011-0508-4. Epub 2011 Nov 23. PY - 2012 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1432-1254 (Electronic) 0020-7128 (Linking) SP - 1173-1177 ST - Footprints of climate change in US national park visitation T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology TI - Footprints of climate change in US national park visitation VL - 56 ID - 4178 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Buckley, Martha W. AU - Marshall, John DO - 10.1002/2015RG000493 IS - 1 KW - Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation climate variability 1620 Climate dynamics 4263 Ocean predictability and prediction 4513 Decadal ocean variability PY - 2016 SN - 1944-9208 SP - 5-63 ST - Observations, inferences, and mechanisms of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: A review T2 - Reviews of Geophysics TI - Observations, inferences, and mechanisms of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: A review VL - 54 ID - 20672 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Hansen, Andrew J. A2 - Monahan, William B. A2 - Olliff, S. Thomas A2 - Theobald, David M. AB - Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), an iconic tree species generally associated with upper subalpine ecosystems, provides an excellent case study for studying the potential impacts of climate change on a species at the landscape level and how it affects the conservation of that species. Whitebark pine is considered a keystone species in that it dominates areas where other tree species grow poorly or not at all and has broad effects on ecosystem processes. Whitebark pine canopies help regulate snowmelt, extending the length of spring runoff and reducing erosion (Tomback et al. 2001; Farnes 1990). Its large, calorie-rich seeds are a valuable food source for a variety of wildlife species, including grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis), which obtain the seeds almost exclusively by raiding red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) middens (Reinhart and Mattson 1990; Mattson, Tomback, and Reinhart 2001). Upon establishment on high-elevation slopes and other harsh sites, whitebark pine provides favorable microsites for the growth of other plant species, thus increasing ecosystem biodiversity (Keane et al. 2012). AU - Buermeyer, Karl AU - Reinhart, Daniel AU - Legg, Kristin C4 - 0b8ee01c-994b-4b68-b747-176c53144b3c CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.5822/978-1-61091-713-1_15 PB - Island Press/Center for Resource Economics PY - 2016 SN - 978-1-61091-713-1 SP - 304-326 ST - Case study: Whitebark pine in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem T2 - Climate Change in Wildlands: Pioneering Approaches to Science and Management TI - Case study: Whitebark pine in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem ID - 21608 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A decade of systematic research on climate change and armed conflict has revealed a number of interesting patterns but few results that are robust across studies. This essay takes stock of the quantitative empirical literature, identifies central limitations, and presents five priorities for future research in the field. While these priorities refer to technical and operational aspects of statistical analysis, their underlying motivation, and objective, is to develop a better and more refined theoretical understanding of possible indirect and conditional connections between climatic changes and violent conflict. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:269–275. doi: 10.1002/wcc.336 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. Conflict of interest: The author has declared no conflicts of interest for this article. AU - Buhaug, Halvard DA - 2015/05/01/ DO - 10.1002/wcc.336 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 3 LA - en PY - 2015 SN - 1757-7799 SP - 269-275 ST - Climate–conflict research: Some reflections on the way forward T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change TI - Climate–conflict research: Some reflections on the way forward VL - 6 ID - 22397 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Buitenwerf, Robert AU - Rose, Laura AU - Higgins, Steven I. DA - 04//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2533 IS - 4 M3 - Letter PY - 2015 SN - 1758-678X SP - 364-368 ST - Three decades of multi-dimensional change in global leaf phenology T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Three decades of multi-dimensional change in global leaf phenology VL - 5 ID - 22008 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Buizer, J. AU - Fleming, P. AU - Hays, S.L. AU - Dow, K. AU - Field, C. AU - Gustafson, D. AU - Luers, A. AU - Moss, R.H. C6 - NCA CY - Washington, DC PB - National Climate Assessment and Development Advisory Committee PY - 2013 ST - Preparing the Nation for Change: Building a Sustained National Climate Assessment TI - Preparing the Nation for Change: Building a Sustained National Climate Assessment UR - https://sncaadvisorycommittee.noaa.gov/Portals/0/Meeting-Documents/NCA-SASRWG_Report_Print.pdf ID - 12750 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Debates about climate justice have mainly occurred at the international scale, and have focussed on the rights and responsibilities of nation-states to either be protected from the effects of climate change, or to take action to reduce emissions or support adaptation. In this paper, we argue that it is both productive and necessary to examine how climate justice is being pursued at the urban scale, which brings into focus the need for attention to issues of recognition as well as rights and responsibilities. Building on work from environmental justice, which has conceptualized justice as trivalent, we propose that climate justice can be understood as a pyramid, the faces of which are distributions, procedures, rights, responsibilities and recognition. We then apply this conceptual framework to examine climate change interventions in five cities; Bangalore, Monterrey, Hong Kong, Philadelphia and Berlin. Arguing that the politics and practices of urban climate change interventions are constantly engaging with and refracting the idea of justice, we examine how justice was articulated, practiced and contested across our cases. The perspective of recognition emerges as a particularly useful entry point through which to explore the types of rights, responsibilities, distributions and procedures required to respond justly to climate change. We conclude by reflecting on our framework, arguing that it is useful both as an analytical device to interrogate climate justice and to shape the design of climate change interventions which seek to ensure climate justice. AU - Bulkeley, H. AU - Edwards, G. A. S. AU - Fuller, S. DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.01.009 KW - Urban climate change climate justice PY - 2014 SP - 31-40 ST - Contesting climate justice in the city: Examining politics and practice in urban climate change experiments T2 - Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions TI - Contesting climate justice in the city: Examining politics and practice in urban climate change experiments VL - 25 ID - 22708 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bulkeley, Harriet AU - Tuts, Rafael DA - 2013/07/01 DO - 10.1080/13549839.2013.788479 IS - 6 PY - 2013 SN - 1354-9839 SP - 646-662 ST - Understanding urban vulnerability, adaptation and resilience in the context of climate change T2 - Local Environment TI - Understanding urban vulnerability, adaptation and resilience in the context of climate change VL - 18 ID - 23132 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Bullard, R. A2 - Wright, B. AU - Bullard, R. AU - Wright, B. C4 - b0818c9e-b245-44be-9851-213def5d25da CY - Boulder, CO PB - Westview Press PY - 2009 SN - 9780813344249 SP - 1-15 ST - Introduction T2 - Race, Place, and Environmental Justice After Hurricane Katrina, Struggles to Reclaim, Rebuild, and Revitalize New Orleans and the Gulf Coast TI - Introduction ID - 12754 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A historical record of Pacific Northwest (defined here as west of the Cascade Mountains in Washington and Oregon) heat waves is identified using the U.S. Historical Climate Network, version 2, daily data (1901–2009). Both daytime and nighttime events are examined, defining a heat wave as three consecutive days above the 99th percentile for the maximum and minimum temperature anomalies separately. Although the synoptic characteristics of the daytime and nighttime heat events are similar, they do indicate some differences between the two types of events. Most notable is a stronger influence of downslope warming over the Cascade Mountains for the daytime events versus a more important role of precipitable water content for the nighttime events, presumably through its impact on downward longwave radiative fluxes. Current research suggests that the frequency and duration of heat waves are expected to increase in much of the United States, and analysis of the heat events reveals that a significant, increasing trend in the frequency of the nighttime events is already occurring in the Pacific Northwest. A heat wave occurred in 2009 that set all-time-record maximum temperatures in many locations and ranked as the second strongest daytime event and the longest nighttime event in the record. AU - Bumbaco, Karin A. AU - Dello, Kathie D. AU - Bond, Nicholas A. DO - 10.1175/jamc-d-12-094.1 IS - 7 KW - Synoptic climatology,Climatology,Trends,Societal impacts PY - 2013 SP - 1618-1631 ST - History of Pacific Northwest heat waves: Synoptic pattern and trends T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - History of Pacific Northwest heat waves: Synoptic pattern and trends VL - 52 ID - 24682 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bundy, Alida AU - Chuenpagdee, Ratana AU - Boldt, Jennifer L. AU - de Fatima Borges, Maria AU - Camara, Mohamed Lamine AU - Coll, Marta AU - Diallo, Ibrahima AU - Fox, Clive AU - Fulton, Elizabeth A. AU - Gazihan, Ayse AU - Jarre, Astrid AU - Jouffre, Didier AU - Kleisner, Kristin M. AU - Knight, Ben AU - Link, Jason AU - Matiku, Patroba P. AU - Masski, Hicham AU - Moutopoulos, Dimitrios K. AU - Piroddi, Chiara AU - Raid, Tiit AU - Sobrino, Ignacio AU - Tam, Jorge AU - Thiao, Djiga AU - Torres, Maria Angeles AU - Tsagarakis, Konstantinos AU - van der Meeren, Gro I. AU - Shin, Yunne-Jai DO - 10.1111/faf.12184 IS - 3 KW - Ecological indicator ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) expert evaluation fisheries governance quality fisheries management effectiveness socioeconomic indicators PY - 2017 SN - 1467-2979 SP - 412-439 ST - Strong fisheries management and governance positively impact ecosystem status T2 - Fish and Fisheries TI - Strong fisheries management and governance positively impact ecosystem status VL - 18 ID - 24844 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Electricity from fossil fuels contributes substantially to both climate change and the health burden of air pollution. Renewable energy sources are capable of displacing electricity from fossil fuels, but the quantity of health and climate benefits depend on site-specific attributes that are not often included in quantitative models. Here, we link an electrical grid simulation model to an air pollution health impact assessment model and US regulatory estimates of the impacts of carbon to estimate the health and climate benefits of offshore wind facilities of different sizes in two different locations. We find that offshore wind in the Mid-Atlantic is capable of producing health and climate benefits of between $54 and $120 per MWh of generation, with the largest simulated facility (3000 MW off the coast of New Jersey) producing approximately $690 million in benefits in 2017. The variability in benefits per unit generation is a function of differences in locations (Maryland versus New Jersey), simulated years (2012 versus 2017), and facility generation capacity, given complexities of the electrical grid and differences in which power plants are offset. This work demonstrates health and climate benefits of offshore wind, provides further evidence of the utility of geographically-refined modeling frameworks, and yields quantitative insights that would allow for inclusion of both climate and public health in benefits assessments of renewable energy. AU - Buonocore, Jonathan J. AU - Luckow, Patrick AU - Fisher, Jeremy AU - Kempton, Willett AU - Levy, Jonathan I. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074019 IS - 7 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 074019 ST - Health and climate benefits of offshore wind facilities in the Mid-Atlantic United States T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Health and climate benefits of offshore wind facilities in the Mid-Atlantic United States VL - 11 ID - 23668 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Buotte, Polly C. AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. AU - Preisler, Haiganoush K. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Raffa, Kenneth F. AU - Logan, Jesse A. DO - 10.1002/eap.1396 IS - 8 KW - climate change Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins forest disturbance Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem logistic regression Pinus albicaulis Pinus contorta var. latifolia PY - 2016 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 2507-2524 ST - Climate influences on whitebark pine mortality from mountain pine beetle in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Climate influences on whitebark pine mortality from mountain pine beetle in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem VL - 26 ID - 21609 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Burakowski, Elizabeth AU - Magnusson, Matthew CY - New York PB - Natural Resources Defense Council PY - 2012 SP - 33 ST - Climate Impacts on the Winter Tourism Economy in the United States TI - Climate Impacts on the Winter Tourism Economy in the United States UR - https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/climate-impacts-winter-tourism-report.pdf ID - 21879 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burch, S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.11.009 IS - 2 PY - 2010 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 287-297 ST - Transforming barriers into enablers of action on climate change: Insights from three municipal case studies in British Columbia, Canada T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Transforming barriers into enablers of action on climate change: Insights from three municipal case studies in British Columbia, Canada VL - 20 ID - 12758 ER - TY - WEB AU - Bureau of Economic Analysis CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Commerce PY - 2017 ST - Gross-Domestic-Product-(GDP)-by-Industry Data: Value Added 1947–2016 [data files] TI - Gross-Domestic-Product-(GDP)-by-Industry Data: Value Added 1947–2016 [data files] UR - https://www.bea.gov/industry/gdpbyind_data.htm ID - 24605 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bureau of Indian Affairs DA - January 17 PY - 2017 SP - 4915-4920 ST - Indian entities recognized and eligible to receive services from the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs T2 - Federal Register TI - Indian entities recognized and eligible to receive services from the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs UR - https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/01/17/2017-00912/indian-entities-recognized-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of-indian VL - 82 ID - 23906 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bureau of Reclamation CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of the Interior PY - 1999 SP - [52] ST - 29th Annual Report and 2000 Annual Operating Plan for Colorado River System Reservoirs TI - 29th Annual Report and 2000 Annual Operating Plan for Colorado River System Reservoirs UR - https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/aop/AOP00.pdf ID - 26389 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bureau of Reclamation N1 - URL isn't full report--appendices separate files. No common web site. See right column of https://www.usbr.gov/watersmart/wcra/ PB - U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Colorado Region PY - 2013 RP - URL isn't full report--appendices separate files. No common web site. See right column of https://www.usbr.gov/watersmart/wcra/ SP - 138+ ST - West-Wide Climate Risk Assessment: Upper Rio Grande Impact Assessment TI - West-Wide Climate Risk Assessment: Upper Rio Grande Impact Assessment UR - https://www.usbr.gov/watersmart/wcra/docs/urgia/URGIAMainReport.pdf ID - 23914 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bureau of Reclamation CY - Boulder City, NV PB - U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Moving Forward effort PY - 2015 SP - various ST - Colorado River Basin Stakeholders Moving Forward to Address Challenges Identified in the Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study. Phase 1 Report TI - Colorado River Basin Stakeholders Moving Forward to Address Challenges Identified in the Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study. Phase 1 Report UR - https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/crbstudy/MovingForward/Phase1Report.html ID - 23913 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bureau of Reclamation CY - Denver, CO PB - Bureau of Reclamation, Policy and Administration PY - 2016 SP - [various] ST - SECURE Water Act Section 9503(c)—Reclamation Climate Change and Water 2016. Prepared for U.S. Congress TI - SECURE Water Act Section 9503(c)—Reclamation Climate Change and Water 2016. Prepared for U.S. Congress UR - https://www.usbr.gov/climate/secure/ ID - 23912 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bureau of Reclamation CY - Denver, CO PB - U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center PY - 2016 SN - Technical Memorandum No. 86-68210-2016-01 SP - 140 ST - West-Wide Climate Risk Assessment: Hydroclimate Projections TI - West-Wide Climate Risk Assessment: Hydroclimate Projections UR - https://www.usbr.gov/climate/secure/docs/2016secure/wwcra-hydroclimateprojections.pdf ID - 26400 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bureau of Reclamation CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation PY - 2017 SP - 1 ST - Lake Mead Annual High and Low Elevations (1935-2017) TI - Lake Mead Annual High and Low Elevations (1935-2017) UR - https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/lakemead_line.pdf ID - 23911 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bureau of Reclamation CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of the Interior PY - 2017 SP - 34 ST - Annual operating plan for Colorado River reservoirs 2018 TI - Annual operating plan for Colorado River reservoirs 2018 UR - https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/aop/AOP18.pdf ID - 26391 ER - TY - WEB AU - Bureau of Transportation Statistics CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Transportation PY - 2017 ST - National Transportation Statistics: Chapter 1; Section D - Travel and Goods Movement TI - National Transportation Statistics: Chapter 1; Section D - Travel and Goods Movement UR - https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/index.html ID - 24603 ER - TY - WEB AU - Bureau of Transportation Statistics CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Transportation PY - 2017 ST - Freight Facts and Figures TI - Freight Facts and Figures UR - https://www.bts.gov/product/freight-facts-and-figures ID - 24604 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Infectious diseases are common in marine environments, but the effects of a changing climate on marine pathogens are not well understood. Here we review current knowledge about how the climate drives host-pathogen interactions and infectious disease outbreaks. Climate-related impacts on marine diseases are being documented in corals, shellfish, finfish, and humans; these impacts are less clearly linked for other organisms. Oceans and people are inextricably linked, and marine diseases can both directly and indirectly affect human health, livelihoods, and well-being. We recommend an adaptive management approach to better increase the resilience of ocean systems vulnerable to marine diseases in a changing climate. Land-based management methods of quarantining, culling, and vaccinating are not successful in the ocean; therefore, forecasting conditions that lead to outbreaks and designing tools/approaches to influence these conditions may be the best way to manage marine disease. AU - Burge, Colleen A. AU - Eakin, C. Mark AU - Friedman, Carolyn S. AU - Froelich, Brett AU - Hershberger, Paul K. AU - Hofmann, Eileen E. AU - Petes, Laura E. AU - Prager, Katherine C. AU - Weil, Ernesto AU - Willis, Bette L. AU - Ford, Susan E. AU - Harvell, C. Drew DO - 10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135029 IS - 1 KW - epizootics,mass mortalities,health,oceans,ocean warming PY - 2014 SP - 249-277 ST - Climate change influences on marine infectious diseases: Implications for management and society T2 - Annual Review of Marine Science TI - Climate change influences on marine infectious diseases: Implications for management and society VL - 6 ID - 21880 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burger, Claudia AU - Belskii, Eugen AU - Eeva, Tapio AU - Laaksonen, Toni AU - Mägi, Marko AU - Mänd, Raivo AU - Qvarnström, Anna AU - Slagsvold, Tore AU - Veen, Thor AU - Visser, Marcel E. AU - Wiebe, Karen L. AU - Wiley, Chris AU - Wright, Jonathan AU - Both, Christiaan DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01968.x IS - 4 KW - demography Ficedula hypoleuca food web foraging glmmPQL passerines PY - 2012 SN - 1365-2656 SP - 926-936 ST - Climate change, breeding date and nestling diet: How temperature differentially affects seasonal changes in pied flycatcher diet depending on habitat variation T2 - Journal of Animal Ecology TI - Climate change, breeding date and nestling diet: How temperature differentially affects seasonal changes in pied flycatcher diet depending on habitat variation VL - 81 ID - 23351 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global warming is leading to increased frequency and severity of storms that are associated with flooding, increasing the risk to urban, coastal populations. This study examined perceptions of the relationship between severe storms, sea level rise, climate change and ecological barriers by a vulnerable environmental justice population in New Jersey. Patients using New Jersey’s Federally Qualified Health Centers were interviewed after Hurricane [Superstorm] Sandy because it is essential to understand the perceptions of uninsured, underinsured, and economically challenged people to better develop a resiliency strategy for the most vulnerable people. Patients (N = 355) using 6 centers were interviewed using a structured interview form. Patients were interviewed in the order they entered the reception area, in either English or Spanish. Respondents were asked to rate their agreement with environmental statements. Respondents 1) agreed with experts that “severe storms were due to climate change”, “storms will come more often”, and that “flooding was due to sea level rise”, 2) did not agree as strongly that “climate change was due to human activity”, 3) were neutral for statements that “Sandy damages were due to loss of dunes or salt marshes”. 4) did not differ as a function of ethnic/racial categories, and 5) showed few gender differences. It is imperative that the public understand that climate change and sea level rise are occurring so that they support community programs (and funding) to prepare for increased frequency of storms and coastal flooding. The lack of high ratings for the role of dunes and marshes in preventing flooding indicates a lack of understanding that ecological structures protect coasts, and suggests a lack of support for management actions to restore dunes as part of a coastal preparedness strategy. Perceptions that do not support a public policy of coastal zone management to protect coastlines can lead to increased flooding, extensive property damages, and injuries or loss of life. AU - Burger, Joanna AU - Gochfeld, Michael DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s11252-017-0678-x IS - 6 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1642 SP - 1261-1275 ST - Perceptions of severe storms, climate change, ecological structures and resiliency three years post-hurricane Sandy in New Jersey T2 - Urban Ecosystems TI - Perceptions of severe storms, climate change, ecological structures and resiliency three years post-hurricane Sandy in New Jersey VL - 20 ID - 25331 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Burger, Michael AU - Gundlach, Justin CY - New York, NY N1 - ISBN: 978-92-807-3656-4 PB - U.N. Environment Programme PY - 2017 RP - ISBN: 978-92-807-3656-4 SP - 40 ST - The Status of Climate Change Litigation: A Global Review TI - The Status of Climate Change Litigation: A Global Review UR - http://columbiaclimatelaw.com/files/2017/05/Burger-Gundlach-2017-05-UN-Envt-CC-Litigation.pdf ID - 23180 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Burgiel, Stanley W. AU - Hall, Thomas CY - Beltsville, MD PB - National Invasive Species Information Center (NISIC) PY - 2014 SP - 49 ST - Bioinvasions in a Changing World: A Resource on Invasive Species–Climate Change Interactions for Conservation and Natural Resource Management TI - Bioinvasions in a Changing World: A Resource on Invasive Species–Climate Change Interactions for Conservation and Natural Resource Management UR - https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/docs/toolkit/bioinvasions_in_a_changing_world.pdf ID - 23492 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Burke, Erin CY - New Bedford, MA PB - Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries PY - 2012 SP - 15 ST - Massachusetts Large Whale Conservation Program: Final Report: August 1, 2011–June 31, 2012 TI - Massachusetts Large Whale Conservation Program: Final Report: August 1, 2011–June 31, 2012 UR - https://www.greateratlantic.fisheries.noaa.gov/protected/grantsresearchprojects/fgp/reports/na11nmf4720046_ma_large_whale_cons_final_progress_report.pdf ID - 21900 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Burke, L. AU - Reytar, L. AU - Spalding, M. AU - Perry, A. C4 - 3d9112b9-6aa1-4614-9599-6966c9591ef9 CY - Washington, DC PB - World Resources Institute PY - 2011 SN - 978-1-56973-762-0 SP - 130 ST - Reefs at Risk Revisited TI - Reefs at Risk Revisited UR - http://pdf.wri.org/reefs_at_risk_revisited.pdf ID - 12760 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burke, Marshall AU - Emerick, Kyle DO - 10.1257/pol.20130025 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SP - 106-40 ST - Adaptation to climate change: Evidence from US agriculture T2 - American Economic Journal: Economic Policy TI - Adaptation to climate change: Evidence from US agriculture VL - 8 ID - 23508 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Armed conflict within nations has had disastrous humanitarian consequences throughout much of the world. Here we undertake the first comprehensive examination of the potential impact of global climate change on armed conflict in sub-Saharan Africa. We find strong historical linkages between civil war and temperature in Africa, with warmer years leading to significant increases in the likelihood of war. When combined with climate model projections of future temperature trends, this historical response to temperature suggests a roughly 54% increase in armed conflict incidence by 2030, or an additional 393,000 battle deaths if future wars are as deadly as recent wars. Our results suggest an urgent need to reform African governments' and foreign aid donors' policies to deal with rising temperatures. AU - Burke, Marshall B. AU - Miguel, Edward AU - Satyanath, Shanker AU - Dykema, John A. AU - Lobell, David B. DA - December 8, 2009 DO - 10.1073/pnas.0907998106 IS - 49 PY - 2009 SP - 20670-20674 ST - Warming increases the risk of civil war in Africa T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Warming increases the risk of civil war in Africa VL - 106 ID - 22088 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Burkett, Maxine AU - Verchick, Robert R.M. AU - Flores, David CY - Washington, DC PB - Center for Progressive Reform PY - 2017 SP - 43 ST - Reaching Higher Ground: Avenues to Secure and Manage New Land for Communities Displaced by Climate Change TI - Reaching Higher Ground: Avenues to Secure and Manage New Land for Communities Displaced by Climate Change UR - http://progressivereform.org/articles/ReachingHigherGround_1703.pdf ID - 26323 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Burkett, V. AU - Davidson, M. C4 - c9647af9-db7f-4f6a-89bd-2f2293ad26e5 CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2012 SN - 9781610914338 SP - 216 ST - Coastal Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerabilities: A Technical Input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment TI - Coastal Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerabilities: A Technical Input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment ID - 12763 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The majority of food crops require pollination to set fruit with the honeybee providing a pollination workhorse, with both feral and managed populations an integral component of crop management (see the Perspective by Tylianakis, published online 28 February). Garibaldi et al. (p. 1608, published online 28 February) now show that wild pollinators are also a vital part of our crop systems. In more than 40 important crops grown worldwide, wild pollinators improved pollination efficiency, increasing fruit set by twice that facilitated by honeybees. Burkle et al. (p. 1611, published online 28 February) took advantage of one of the most thorough and oldest data sets available on plant-pollinator interaction networks and recollected data on plant-pollinator interactions after more than 120 years of climate change and landscape alteration. The historical data set consists of observations collected by Charles Robertson near Carlinville, Illinois (USA), in the late 1800s on the phenology of plants and their pollinating insects, as well as information about which plants and pollinators interacted with one another. Many sites were revisited in the early 1970s and in 2009 and 2010 to collect similar plant-pollinator data. Pollinator function has declined through time, with bees showing lower visitation rates and lower fidelity to individual plant species.Using historic data sets, we quantified the degree to which global change over 120 years disrupted plant-pollinator interactions in a temperate forest understory community in Illinois, USA. We found degradation of interaction network structure and function and extirpation of 50% of bee species. Network changes can be attributed to shifts in forb and bee phenologies resulting in temporal mismatches, nonrandom species extinctions, and loss of spatial co-occurrences between extant species in modified landscapes. Quantity and quality of pollination services have declined through time. The historic network showed flexibility in response to disturbance; however, our data suggest that networks will be less resilient to future changes.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/339/6127/1611.full.pdf AU - Burkle, Laura A. AU - Marlin, John C. AU - Knight, Tiffany M. DO - 10.1126/science.1232728 IS - 6127 PY - 2013 SP - 1611-1615 ST - Plant-pollinator interactions over 120 years: Loss of species, co-occurrence, and function T2 - Science TI - Plant-pollinator interactions over 120 years: Loss of species, co-occurrence, and function VL - 339 ID - 23352 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The potential link between climate change, migration, and conflict has been widely discussed and is increasingly viewed by policy makers as a security issue. However, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the role that climate variability and change play among the many drivers of migration and conflict. The overall objective of this paper is to explore the potential pathways linking climate change, migration and increased risk of conflict. We review the existing literature surrounding this issue and break the problem into two components: the links between climate change and migration, and those between migration and conflict. We found a large range of views regarding the importance of climate change as a driver for increasing rates of migration and subsequently of conflict. We argue that future research should focus not only on the climate-migration-conflict pathway but also work to understand the other pathways by which climate variability and change might exacerbate conflict. We conclude by proposing five questions to help guide future research on the link between climate change, migration, and conflict. AU - Burrows, Kate AU - Kinney, Patrick L. DA - 2016/04/22/ DO - 10.3390/ijerph13040443 DP - PubMed IS - 4 KW - climate change Climate Humans migration conflict Emigration and Immigration Refugees Warfare LA - eng PY - 2016 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 443 ST - Exploring the climate change, migration and conflict nexus T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Exploring the climate change, migration and conflict nexus VL - 13 ID - 22400 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burrows, Michael T. AU - Schoeman, David S. AU - Buckley, Lauren B. AU - Moore, Pippa AU - Poloczanska, Elvira S. AU - Brander, Keith M. AU - Brown, Chris AU - Bruno, John F. AU - Duarte, Carlos M. AU - Halpern, Benjamin S. AU - Holding, Johnna AU - Kappel, Carrie V. AU - Kiessling, Wolfgang AU - O'Connor, Mary I. AU - Pandolfi, John M. AU - Parmesan, Camille AU - Schwing, Franklin B. AU - Sydeman, William J. AU - Richardson, Anthony J. DO - 10.1126/science.1210288 PY - 2011 SP - 652-655 ST - The pace of shifting climate in marine and terrestrial ecosystems T2 - Science TI - The pace of shifting climate in marine and terrestrial ecosystems VL - 334 ID - 16700 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burrows, Michael T. AU - Schoeman, David S. AU - Richardson, Anthony J. AU - Molinos, Jorge García AU - Hoffmann, Ary AU - Buckley, Lauren B. AU - Moore, Pippa J. AU - Brown, Christopher J. AU - Bruno, John F. AU - Duarte, Carlos M. AU - Halpern, Benjamin S. AU - Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove AU - Kappel, Carrie V. AU - Kiessling, Wolfgang AU - O’Connor, Mary I. AU - Pandolfi, John M. AU - Parmesan, Camille AU - Sydeman, William J. AU - Ferrier, Simon AU - Williams, Kristen J. AU - Poloczanska, Elvira S. DA - 02/09/online DO - 10.1038/nature12976 PY - 2014 SP - 492-495 ST - Geographical limits to species-range shifts are suggested by climate velocity T2 - Nature TI - Geographical limits to species-range shifts are suggested by climate velocity VL - 507 ID - 25488 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Busch, D. Shallin AU - Griffis, Roger AU - Link, Jason AU - Abrams, Karen AU - Baker, Jason AU - Brainard, Russell E. AU - Ford, Michael AU - Hare, Jonathan A. AU - Himes-Cornell, Amber AU - Hollowed, Anne AU - Mantua, Nathan J. AU - McClatchie, Sam AU - McClure, Michelle AU - Nelson, Mark W. AU - Osgood, Kenric AU - Peterson, Jay O. AU - Rust, Michael AU - Saba, Vincent AU - Sigler, Michael F. AU - Sykora-Bodie, Seth AU - Toole, Christopher AU - Thunberg, Eric AU - Waples, Robin S. AU - Merrick, Richard DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.09.001 KW - Adaptation Climate policy Ecosystem-based management Fisheries management Living marine resources Marine conservation PY - 2016 SN - 0308-597X SP - 58-67 ST - Climate science strategy of the US National Marine Fisheries Service T2 - Marine Policy TI - Climate science strategy of the US National Marine Fisheries Service VL - 74 ID - 23353 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We tested whether the thecosome pteropod Limacina helicina from Puget Sound, an urbanized estuary in the northwest continental US, experiences shell dissolution and altered mortality rates when exposed to the high CO2, low aragonite saturation state (Ωa) conditions that occur in Puget Sound and the northeast Pacific Ocean. Five, week-long experiments were conducted in which we incubated pteropods collected from Puget Sound in four carbon chemistry conditions: current summer surface (∼460–500 µatm CO2, Ωa≈1.59), current deep water or surface conditions during upwelling (∼760 and ∼1600–1700 µatm CO2, Ωa≈1.17 and 0.56), and future deep water or surface conditions during upwelling (∼2800–3400 µatm CO2, Ωa≈0.28). We measured shell condition using a scoring regime of five shell characteristics that capture different aspects of shell dissolution. We characterized carbon chemistry conditions in statistical analyses with Ωa, and conducted analyses considering Ωa both as a continuous dataset and as discrete treatments. Shell dissolution increased linearly as aragonite saturation state decreased. Discrete treatment comparisons indicate that shell dissolution was greater in undersaturated treatments compared to oversaturated treatments. Survival increased linearly with aragonite saturation state, though discrete treatment comparisons indicated that survival was similar in all but the lowest saturation state treatment. These results indicate that, under starvation conditions, pteropod survival may not be greatly affected by current and expected near-future aragonite saturation state in the NE Pacific, but shell dissolution may. Given that subsurface waters in Puget Sound’s main basin are undersaturated with respect to aragonite in the winter and can be undersaturated in the summer, the condition and persistence of the species in this estuary warrants further study. AU - Busch, D. Shallin AU - Maher, Michael AU - Thibodeau, Patricia AU - McElhany, Paul DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0105884 IS - 8 PY - 2014 SP - e105884 ST - Shell condition and survival of Puget Sound pteropods are impaired by ocean acidification conditions T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Shell condition and survival of Puget Sound pteropods are impaired by ocean acidification conditions VL - 9 ID - 23669 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ocean acidification (OA) has the potential to restructure ecosystems due to variation in species sensitivity to the projected changes in ocean carbon chemistry. Ecological models can be forced with scenarios of OA to help scientists, managers, and other stakeholders understand how ecosystems might change. We present a novel methodology for developing estimates of species sensitivity to OA that are regionally specific, and applied the method to the California Current ecosystem. To do so, we built a database of all published literature on the sensitivity of temperate species to decreased pH. This database contains 393 papers on 285 species and 89 multi-species groups from temperate waters around the world. Research on urchins and oysters and on adult life stages dominates the literature. Almost a third of the temperate species studied to date occur in the California Current. However, most laboratory experiments use control pH conditions that are too high to represent average current chemistry conditions in the portion of the California Current water column where the majority of the species live. We developed estimates of sensitivity to OA for functional groups in the ecosystem, which can represent single species or taxonomically diverse groups of hundreds of species. We based these estimates on the amount of available evidence derived from published studies on species sensitivity, how well this evidence could inform species sensitivity in the California Current ecosystem, and the agreement of the available evidence for a species/species group. This approach is similar to that taken by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to characterize certainty when summarizing scientific findings. Most functional groups (26 of 34) responded negatively to OA conditions, but when uncertainty in sensitivity was considered, only 11 groups had relationships that were consistently negative. Thus, incorporating certainty about the sensitivity of species and functional groups to OA is an important part of developing robust scenarios for ecosystem projections. AU - Busch, D. Shallin AU - McElhany, Paul DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0160669 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SP - e0160669 ST - Estimates of the direct effect of seawater pH on the survival rate of species groups in the California Current ecosystem T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Estimates of the direct effect of seawater pH on the survival rate of species groups in the California Current ecosystem VL - 11 ID - 24845 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Business Continuity Institute CY - Caversham, UK PB - Business Continuity Institute PY - 2016 SP - 39 ST - Supply Chain Resilience Report 2016 TI - Supply Chain Resilience Report 2016 UR - https://www.riskmethods.net/resources/research/bci-supply-chain-resilience-2016.pdf ID - 23200 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This article explores the generation, transmission, and nature of ecological knowledge used by tribal and nontribal natural resource management agency personnel who collectively manage a 666,542-acre forest in northern Minnesota. Using key informant interviews and an adapted grounded theory analysis, we documented the forms of knowledge participants expressed in their descriptions of the forest and forest management, including traditional and western scientific ecological knowledge. We found that study participants across agencies use multiple forms of knowledge, that this knowledge is generated and transferred in distinct ways, and that participants acknowledge several challenges and opportunities to integration of traditional and western scientific knowledge in forest management. Overall, ecological knowledge expressed by study participants revealed multiple ways of knowing the forest. Knowledge varied most distinctly in the influence of cultural identity and spiritual or metaphysical connections to the forest on knowledge generation, transmission, and content. Formalizing existing informal knowledge integration efforts with attention to power structures, institutional culture, and knowledge application is recommended.

Management and Policy Implications: Forest values, beliefs, and knowledge can vary dramatically and sometimes clash among natural resource professionals involved in comanaged forests, particularly those managed by tribal and nontribal agencies. Findings from in-depth interviews with tribal and nontribal resource managers reveal both distinct and shared perspectives on a comanaged forest in northern Minnesota; most notable were the unique roles of cultural identity and spiritual or metaphysical connections in knowledge generation, transmission, and content. Resource managers interested in the integration of traditional and western scientific ecological knowledge may find success in formalizing ongoing informal activities including mutual learning or training in cross-cultural contexts, relationship building among agency and tribal leaders, cooperation in forest and cultural resource management projects, and collaborative forest planning. Still, attention to existing power structures, institutional cultural differences, and knowledge application practices will be important to these efforts. AU - Bussey, John AU - Davenport, Mae A. AU - Emery, Marla R. AU - Carroll, Clint DA - // DO - 10.5849/jof.14-130 IS - 2 KW - adaptation comanagement forest management traditional ecological knowledge western scientific ecological knowledge PY - 2016 SP - 97-107 ST - "A lot of it comes from the heart": The nature and integration of ecological knowledge in tribal and nontribal forest management T2 - Journal of Forestry TI - "A lot of it comes from the heart": The nature and integration of ecological knowledge in tribal and nontribal forest management VL - 114 ID - 21239 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Butcher, Jerrod A. AU - Collier, Bret A. AU - Silvy, Nova J. AU - Roberson, Jay A. AU - Mason, Corey D. AU - Peterson, Markus J. DO - 10.1111/jbi.12344 IS - 10 KW - Breeding Bird Survey dispersal rate introduced species invasive species North America range expansion spread white-winged doves Zenaida asiatica PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2699 SP - 1947-1956 ST - Spatial and temporal patterns of range expansion of white-winged doves in the USA from 1979 to 2007 T2 - Journal of Biogeography TI - Spatial and temporal patterns of range expansion of white-winged doves in the USA from 1979 to 2007 VL - 41 ID - 23269 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sea level rise is one of the climate change effects most amenable to adaptation planning as the impacts are familiar and the nature of the phenomenon is unambiguous. Yet, significant uncertainties remain. Using a normative framework of adaptive management and natural hazards planning, we examine how coastal communities in Florida are planning in the face of accelerating sea level rise through analysis of planning documents and interviews with planners. We clarify that communities are taking a low-regrets incremental approach with increasingly progressive measures motivated by confidence in planning intelligence and direct experience with impacts attributable to sea level rise. AU - Butler, William H. AU - Deyle, Robert E. AU - Mutnansky, Cassidy DO - 10.1177/0739456X16647161 IS - 3 KW - SLR coastal SE Adaptation climate change Urban PY - 2016 SP - 319-332 ST - Low-regrets incrementalism: Land use planning adaptation to accelerating sea level rise in Florida’s coastal communities T2 - Journal of Planning Education and Research TI - Low-regrets incrementalism: Land use planning adaptation to accelerating sea level rise in Florida’s coastal communities VL - 36 ID - 22711 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We describe how two important tools of wildfire management, wildfire prevention education and prescribed fire for fuels management, can be coordinated to minimise the combination of management costs and expected societal losses resulting from wildland fire. We present a long-run model that accounts for the dynamics of wildfire, the effects of fuels management on wildfire ignition risk and area burned, and the effects of wildfire prevention education on the ignition risk of human-caused, unintentional wildfires. Based on wildfire management activities in Florida from 2002 to 2007, we find that although wildfire prevention education and prescribed fire have different effects on timing and types of fires, the optimal solution is to increase both interventions. Prescribed fire affects whole landscapes and therefore reduces losses from all wildfire types (including lightning), whereas wildfire prevention education reduces only human-caused ignitions. However, prescribed fire offers a longer-term solution with little short-term flexibility. Wildfire prevention education programs, by comparison, are more flexible, both in time and space, and can respond to unexpected outbreaks, but with limited mitigation longevity. Only when used together in a coordinated effort do we find the costs and losses from unintentional wildfires are minimised. AU - Butry, David T. AU - Prestemon, Jeffrey P. AU - Abt, Karen L. AU - Sutphen, Ronda DO - 10.1071/WF09090 IS - 5 KW - fire economics, hazard mitigation, wildland–urban interface, wildland fire. PY - 2010 SP - 659-672 ST - Economic optimisation of wildfire intervention activities T2 - International Journal of Wildland Fire TI - Economic optimisation of wildfire intervention activities VL - 19 ID - 22007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Butterworth, Melinda K. AU - Morin, Cory W. AU - Comrie, Andrew C. DO - 10.1289/EHP218 PY - 2017 SP - 579-585 ST - An analysis of the potential impact of climate change on dengue transmission in the southeastern United States T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - An analysis of the potential impact of climate change on dengue transmission in the southeastern United States VL - 125 ID - 23242 ER - TY - WEB AU - C3P CY - Columbia, SC M1 - June 4 PB - Carolinas Integrated Sciences and Assessments PY - 2017 ST - Carolinas Precipitation Patterns & Probabilities (C3P): An Atlas of Hydroclimate Extremes [web page]. Drought Indexes TI - Carolinas Precipitation Patterns & Probabilities (C3P): An Atlas of Hydroclimate Extremes [web page]. Drought Indexes UR - https://www.cisa.sc.edu/atlas/carolinas-drought.html ID - 26324 ER - TY - WEB AU - C40 Cities PY - 2017 ST - C40 Cities [web page] TI - C40 Cities [web page] UR - http://www.c40.org/about ID - 21339 ER - TY - RPRT AB - urban climate change adaptation AU - C40 Cities AU - Arup CY - London, UK PB - C40 Cities-Arup Partnership PY - 2015 SP - 127 ST - Climate Action in Megacities 3.0 TI - Climate Action in Megacities 3.0 UR - http://www.cam3.c40.org/images/C40ClimateActionInMegacities3.pdf ID - 22695 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Projections of future climate depend critically on refined estimates of climate sensitivity. Recent progress in temperature proxies dramatically increases the magnitude of warming reconstructed from early Paleogene greenhouse climates and demands a close examination of the forcing and feedback mechanisms that maintained this warmth and the broad dynamic range that these paleoclimate records attest to. Here, we show that several complementary resolutions to these questions are possible in the context of model simulations using modern and early Paleogene configurations. We find that (i) changes in boundary conditions representative of slow “Earth system” feedbacks play an important role in maintaining elevated early Paleogene temperatures, (ii) radiative forcing by carbon dioxide deviates significantly from pure logarithmic behavior at concentrations relevant for simulation of the early Paleogene, and (iii) fast or “Charney” climate sensitivity in this model increases sharply as the climate warms. Thus, increased forcing and increased slow and fast sensitivity can all play a substantial role in maintaining early Paleogene warmth. This poses an equifinality problem: The same climate can be maintained by a different mix of these ingredients; however, at present, the mix cannot be constrained directly from climate proxy data. The implications of strongly state-dependent fast sensitivity reach far beyond the early Paleogene. The study of past warm climates may not narrow uncertainty in future climate projections in coming centuries because fast climate sensitivity may itself be state-dependent, but proxies and models are both consistent with significant increases in fast sensitivity with increasing temperature. AU - Caballero, Rodrigo AU - Huber, Matthew DA - August 27, 2013 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1303365110 IS - 35 PY - 2013 SP - 14162-14167 ST - State-dependent climate sensitivity in past warm climates and its implications for future climate projections T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - State-dependent climate sensitivity in past warm climates and its implications for future climate projections VL - 110 ID - 20069 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ecosystem stability in variable environments depends on the diversity of form and function of the constituent species. Species phenotypes and ecologies are the product of evolution, and the evolutionary history represented by co-occurring species has been shown to be an important predictor of ecosystem function. If phylogenetic distance is a surrogate for ecological differences, then greater evolutionary diversity should buffer ecosystems against environmental variation and result in greater ecosystem stability. We calculated both abundance-weighted and unweighted phylogenetic measures of plant community diversity for a long-term biodiversity–ecosystem function experiment at Cedar Creek, Minnesota, USA. We calculated a detrended measure of stability in aboveground biomass production in experimental plots and showed that phylogenetic relatedness explained variation in stability. Our results indicate that communities where species are evenly and distantly related to one another are more stable compared to communities where phylogenetic relationships are more clumped. This result could be explained by a phylogenetic sampling effect, where some lineages show greater stability in productivity compared to other lineages, and greater evolutionary distances reduce the chance of sampling only unstable groups. However, we failed to find evidence for similar stabilities among closely related species. Alternatively, we found evidence that plot biomass variance declined with increasing phylogenetic distances, and greater evolutionary distances may represent species that are ecologically different (phylogenetic complementarity). Accounting for evolutionary relationships can reveal how diversity in form and function may affect stability. AU - Cadotte, Marc W. AU - Dinnage, Russell AU - Tilman, David DO - 10.1890/11-0426.1 IS - sp8 PY - 2012 SP - S223-S233 ST - Phylogenetic diversity promotes ecosystem stability T2 - Ecology TI - Phylogenetic diversity promotes ecosystem stability VL - 93 ID - 25925 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)—a system of ocean currents in the North Atlantic—has a major impact on climate, yet its evolution during the industrial era is poorly known owing to a lack of direct current measurements. Here we provide evidence for a weakening of the AMOC by about 3 ± 1 sverdrups (around 15 per cent) since the mid-twentieth century. This weakening is revealed by a characteristic spatial and seasonal sea-surface temperature ‘fingerprint’—consisting of a pattern of cooling in the subpolar Atlantic Ocean and warming in the Gulf Stream region—and is calibrated through an ensemble of model simulations from the CMIP5 project. We find this fingerprint both in a high-resolution climate model in response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and in the temperature trends observed since the late nineteenth century. The pattern can be explained by a slowdown in the AMOC and reduced northward heat transport, as well as an associated northward shift of the Gulf Stream. Comparisons with recent direct measurements from the RAPID project and several other studies provide a consistent depiction of record-low AMOC values in recent years. AU - Caesar, L. AU - Rahmstorf, S. AU - Robinson, A. AU - Feulner, G. AU - Saba, V. DA - 2018/04/01 DO - 10.1038/s41586-018-0006-5 IS - 7700 PY - 2018 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 191-196 ST - Observed fingerprint of a weakening Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation T2 - Nature TI - Observed fingerprint of a weakening Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation VL - 556 ID - 25412 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CAFF CY - Akureyri, Iceland N1 - ISBN: 978-9935-431-28-8 PB - Arctic Council, Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) PY - 2013 RP - ISBN: 978-9935-431-28-8 SP - 674 ST - Arctic Biodiversity Assessment: Status and Trends in Arctic Biodiversity TI - Arctic Biodiversity Assessment: Status and Trends in Arctic Biodiversity UR - https://www.caff.is/assessment-series/233-arctic-biodiversity-assessment-2013/download ID - 26086 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to be a major cause of species extinctions in the next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, changing biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions and their empirical support. We find 136 case studies of climatic impacts that are potentially relevant to this topic. However, only seven identified proximate causes of demonstrated local extinctions due to anthropogenic climate change. Among these seven studies, the proximate causes vary widely. Surprisingly, none show a straightforward relationship between local extinction and limited tolerances to high temperature. Instead, many studies implicate species interactions as an important proximate cause, especially decreases in food availability. We find very similar patterns in studies showing decreases in abundance associated with climate change, and in those studies showing impacts of climatic oscillations. Collectively, these results highlight our disturbingly limited knowledge of this crucial issue but also support the idea that changing species interactions are an important cause of documented population declines and extinctions related to climate change. Finally, we briefly outline general research strategies for identifying these proximate causes in future studies. AU - Cahill, Abigail E. AU - Aiello-Lammens, Matthew E. AU - Fisher-Reid, M. Caitlin AU - Hua, Xia AU - Karanewsky, Caitlin J. AU - Yeong Ryu, Hae AU - Sbeglia, Gena C. AU - Spagnolo, Fabrizio AU - Waldron, John B. AU - Warsi, Omar AU - Wiens, John J. DO - 10.1098/rspb.2012.1890 IS - 1750 PY - 2013 ST - How does climate change cause extinction? T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - How does climate change cause extinction? VL - 280 ID - 21182 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Titus, James G. AU - Cahoon, Donald R. AU - Reed, Denise J. AU - Kolker, Alexander S. AU - Brinson, Mark M. AU - Stevenson, J.Court AU - Riggs, Stanley AU - Christian, Robert AU - Reyes, Enrique AU - Voss, Christine AU - Kunz, David C4 - 4071d07b-0079-4055-abaa-71db3428a613 CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) PY - 2009 SP - 57-72 ST - Coastal wetland sustainability SV - CCSP SAP 4.1 T2 - Coastal Sensitivity to Sea-Level Rise: A Focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region TI - Coastal wetland sustainability UR - http://www.globalchange.gov/sites/globalchange/files/sap4-1-final-report-all.pdf ID - 21881 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cai, Wenju AU - Borlace, Simon AU - Lengaigne, Matthieu AU - van Rensch, Peter AU - Collins, Mat AU - Vecchi, Gabriel AU - Timmermann, Axel AU - Santoso, Agus AU - McPhaden, Michael J. AU - Wu, Lixin AU - England, Matthew H. AU - Wang, Guojian AU - Guilyardi, Eric AU - Jin, Fei-Fei DA - 02//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2100 IS - 2 M3 - Letter PY - 2014 SN - 1758-678X SP - 111-116 ST - Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming VL - 4 ID - 19598 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cai, Wenju AU - Borlace, Simon AU - Lengaigne, Matthieu AU - van Rensch, Peter AU - Collins, Mat AU - Vecchi, Gabriel AU - Timmermann, Axel AU - Santoso, Agus AU - McPhaden, Michael J. AU - Wu, Lixin AU - England, Matthew H. AU - Wang, Guojian AU - Guilyardi, Eric AU - Jin, Fei-Fei DA - 01/19/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2100 PY - 2014 SP - 111 ST - Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming VL - 4 ID - 25489 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) is the Southern Hemisphere/'s most expansive and persistent rain band, extending from the equatorial western Pacific Ocean southeastward towards French Polynesia. Owing to its strong rainfall gradient, a small displacement in the position of the SPCZ causes drastic changes to hydroclimatic conditions and the frequency of extreme weather events—such as droughts, floods and tropical cyclones—experienced by vulnerable island countries in the region. The SPCZ position varies from its climatological mean location with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), moving a few degrees northward during moderate El Nino events and southward during La Nina events. During strong El Nino events, however, the SPCZ undergoes an extreme swing—by up to ten degrees of latitude toward the Equator—and collapses to a more zonally oriented structure with commensurately severe weather impacts. Understanding changes in the characteristics of the SPCZ in a changing climate is therefore of broad scientific and socioeconomic interest. Here we present climate modelling evidence for a near doubling in the occurrences of zonal SPCZ events between the periods 1891-1990 and 1991-2090 in response to greenhouse warming, even in the absence of a consensus on how ENSO will change. We estimate the increase in zonal SPCZ events from an aggregation of the climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 3 and 5 (CMIP3 and CMIP5) multi-model database that are able to simulate such events. The change is caused by a projected enhanced equatorial warming in the Pacific and may lead to more frequent occurrences of extreme events across the Pacific island nations most affected by zonal SPCZ events. AU - Cai, Wenju AU - Lengaigne, Matthieu AU - Borlace, Simon AU - Collins, Matthew AU - Cowan, Tim AU - McPhaden, Michael J. AU - Timmermann, Axel AU - Power, Scott AU - Brown, Josephine AU - Menkes, Christophe AU - Ngari, Arona AU - Vincent, Emmanuel M. AU - Widlansky, Matthew J. DA - 2012/08/16/ DO - 10.1038/nature11358 DP - www.nature.com IS - 7411 KW - drought flood extreme events ENSO Rainfall climate projections Climate science Earth sciences South Pacific Convergence Zone American Samoa Environmental science LA - en PY - 2012 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 365-369 ST - More extreme swings of the South Pacific convergence zone due to greenhouse warming T2 - Nature TI - More extreme swings of the South Pacific convergence zone due to greenhouse warming VL - 488 Y2 - 2016/01/29/02:42:07 ID - 22401 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cai, Wenju AU - Wang, Guojian AU - Santoso, Agus AU - McPhaden, Michael J. AU - Wu, Lixin AU - Jin, Fei-Fei AU - Timmermann, Axel AU - Collins, Mat AU - Vecchi, Gabriel AU - Lengaigne, Matthieu AU - England, Matthew H. AU - Dommenget, Dietmar AU - Takahashi, Ken AU - Guilyardi, Eric DA - 02//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2492 IS - 2 M3 - Letter PY - 2015 SN - 1758-678X SP - 132-137 ST - Increased frequency of extreme La Niña events under greenhouse warming T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Increased frequency of extreme La Niña events under greenhouse warming VL - 5 ID - 19599 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cai, Wei-Jun AU - Hu, Xinping AU - Huang, Wei-Jen AU - Murrell, Michael C. AU - Lehrter, John C. AU - Lohrenz, Steven E. AU - Chou, Wen-Chen AU - Zhai, Weidong AU - Hollibaugh, James T. AU - Wang, Yongchen AU - Zhao, Pingsan AU - Guo, Xianghui AU - Gundersen, Kjell AU - Dai, Minhan AU - Gong, Gwo-Ching DA - 11//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo1297 IS - 11 N1 - 10.1038/ngeo1297 PY - 2011 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 766-770 ST - Acidification of subsurface coastal waters enhanced by eutrophication T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Acidification of subsurface coastal waters enhanced by eutrophication VL - 4 ID - 21853 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cai, Xitian AU - Yang, Zong-Liang AU - Xia, Youlong AU - Huang, Maoyi AU - Wei, Helin AU - Leung, L. Ruby AU - Ek, Michael B. DO - 10.1002/2014JD022113 IS - 24 KW - land surface model NLDAS hydrological modeling Noah-MP CLM VIC 1840 Hydrometeorology 1836 Hydrological cycles and budgets 1843 Land/atmosphere interactions 1847 Modeling 3307 Boundary layer processes PY - 2014 SN - 2169-8996 SP - 13,751-13,770 ST - Assessment of simulated water balance from Noah, Noah-MP, CLM, and VIC over CONUS using the NLDAS test bed T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - Assessment of simulated water balance from Noah, Noah-MP, CLM, and VIC over CONUS using the NLDAS test bed VL - 119 ID - 21577 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cai, Ximing AU - Zhang, Xiao AU - Noël, Paul H. AU - Shafiee-Jood, Majid DO - 10.1002/wat2.1089 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SN - 2049-1948 SP - 439-455 ST - Impacts of climate change on agricultural water management: A review T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water TI - Impacts of climate change on agricultural water management: A review VL - 2 ID - 21111 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cakmak, Sabit AU - Dales, Robert E. AU - Coates, Frances DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.025 IS - 1 N1 - Ch3 PY - 2012 SN - 00916749 SP - 228-231 ST - Does air pollution increase the effect of aeroallergens on hospitalization for asthma? T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology TI - Does air pollution increase the effect of aeroallergens on hospitalization for asthma? VL - 129 ID - 17665 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cal EMA AU - CNRA CY - Mather and Sacramento, CA PB - California Emergency Management Agency (Cal EMA) and California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA) PY - 2012 SP - 48 ST - California Adaptation Planning Guide TI - California Adaptation Planning Guide UR - http://resources.ca.gov/docs/climate/01APG_Planning_for_Adaptive_Communities.pdf ID - 24211 ER - TY - WEB AU - Cal Fire CY - Sacramento, CA PB - Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) PY - 2018 ST - Over 129 Million Dead Trees in California Between 2010–2017 [Story map] TI - Over 129 Million Dead Trees in California Between 2010–2017 [Story map] UR - http://calfire-forestry.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=3457736fb0dd45f98d41ab4030ebf048 ID - 26075 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Caldecott, Ben AU - Kruitwagen, Lucas M1 - 3 October PB - Standard & Poor's PY - 2016 ST - Guest Opinion: How Asset Level Data Can Improve the Assessment of Environmental Risk In Credit Analysis T2 - S&P Global Credit Portal TI - Guest Opinion: How Asset Level Data Can Improve the Assessment of Environmental Risk In Credit Analysis UR - https://www.globalcreditportal.com/ratingsdirect/renderArticle.do?articleId=1728982&SctArtId=402968&from=CM&nsl_code=LIME&sourceObjectId=9796605&sourceRevId=1&fee_ind=N&exp_date=20261003-21:55:05 ID - 25606 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Caldwell, Peter V. AU - Miniat, Chelcy F. AU - Elliott, Katherine J. AU - Swank, Wayne T. AU - Brantley, Steven T. AU - Laseter, Stephanie H. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13309 IS - 9 KW - climate change evapotranspiration forest hydrology mesophication streamflow water yield PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2997-3012 ST - Declining water yield from forested mountain watersheds in response to climate change and forest mesophication T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Declining water yield from forested mountain watersheds in response to climate change and forest mesophication VL - 22 ID - 22022 ER - TY - LEGAL AU - California Assembly PY - 2016 SE - Bill No. 2800 T2 - AB 2800 TI - Climate Change: Infrastructure Planning UR - http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB2800 ID - 22956 ER - TY - LEGAL AU - California Assembly CY - Sacramento, CA PY - 2016 TI - Assembly Bill No. 197 State Air Resources Board: Greenhouse gases: Regulations UR - https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billPdf.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB197&version=20150AB19792CHP ID - 24502 ER - TY - WEB AU - California Energy Commission CY - Sacramento, CA PY - 2018 ST - California electrical energy generation [web site] TI - California electrical energy generation [web site] UR - http://www.energy.ca.gov/almanac/electricity_data/electricity_generation.html. ID - 26404 ER - TY - RPRT AU - California Energy Commission CY - Sacramento, CA PY - 2018 SP - 32 ST - California Energy Commission: Tracking Progress TI - California Energy Commission: Tracking Progress UR - https://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/tracking_progress/documents/renewable.pdf ID - 26732 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Exposure to excessive heat kills more people than any other weather-related phenomenon, aggravates chronic diseases, and causes direct heat illness. Strong associations between extreme heat and health have been identified through increased mortality and hospitalizations and there is growing evidence demonstrating increased emergency department visits and demand for emergency medical services (EMS). The purpose of this study is to build on an existing regional assessment of mortality and hospitalizations by analyzing EMS demand associated with extreme heat, using calls as a health metric, in King County, Washington (WA), for a 6-year period. AU - Calkins, Miriam M. AU - Isaksen, Tania Busch AU - Stubbs, Benjamin A. AU - Yost, Michael G. AU - Fenske, Richard A. DA - January 28 DO - 10.1186/s12940-016-0109-0 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1476-069X SP - 13 ST - Impacts of extreme heat on emergency medical service calls in King County, Washington, 2007–2012: Relative risk and time series analyses of basic and advanced life support T2 - Environmental Health TI - Impacts of extreme heat on emergency medical service calls in King County, Washington, 2007–2012: Relative risk and time series analyses of basic and advanced life support VL - 15 ID - 24681 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The new City of Damascus, Oregon, was included in the Portland Metropolitan Urban Growth Boundary in 2002 and incorporated in 2004. This previously rural area is faced with significant infrastructure challenges and opportunities, as they develop plans for a new urban city for the next 50 years. The city is characterized by a lack of existing urban built infrastructure, with large parcels of undeveloped land, intact ecosystems, and significant natural resources, with a population of 9,900 people in an area of10,000 acres. This setting provides an opportunity for the city to integrate and plan for the management of water resources, ecosystem services, and water infrastructure without the constraints and segregation of traditional water infrastructure solutions.

The Integrated Water Resource Management Plan (IWRMP) ties together the City's current work in developing an urban land-use plan, with ecosystem services, stormwater management, and wastewater treatment/water reuse plans into a cost-effective, integrated plan for water management. AU - Callaway, Emily AU - Green, Dave AU - Anderson, Mark AU - Yap, Anita AU - Gaschler, Steve DA - // DO - 10.2175/193864710798206900 IS - 9 KW - Integrated water management ecosystem services integrated water resources reuse sustainability urban planning urban reuse PY - 2010 SP - 6720-6733 ST - Integrated infrastructure planning, A new approach for the new city of Damascus, Oregon T2 - Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation TI - Integrated infrastructure planning, A new approach for the new city of Damascus, Oregon VL - 2010 ID - 21460 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Calosi, Piero AU - Melatunan, Sedercor AU - Turner, Lucy M. AU - Artioli, Yuri AU - Davidson, Robert L. AU - Byrne, Jonathan J. AU - Viant, Mark R. AU - Widdicombe, Stephen AU - Rundle, Simon D. DA - 01/09/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms13994 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 13994 ST - Regional adaptation defines sensitivity to future ocean acidification T2 - Nature Communications TI - Regional adaptation defines sensitivity to future ocean acidification VL - 8 ID - 23670 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Calvin, Katherine AU - Wise, Marshall AU - Clarke, Leon AU - Edmonds, James AU - Jones, Andrew AU - Thomson, Allison DA - 2014/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.09.026 KW - Integrated Assessment Modeling Indirect land-use change emissions PY - 2014 SN - 0140-9883 SP - 233-239 ST - Near-term limits to mitigation: Challenges arising from contrary mitigation effects from indirect land-use change and sulfur emissions T2 - Energy Economics TI - Near-term limits to mitigation: Challenges arising from contrary mitigation effects from indirect land-use change and sulfur emissions VL - 42 ID - 25267 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Camalier, Louise AU - Cox, William AU - Dolwick, Pat DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.061 IS - 33 N1 - Ch3 PY - 2007 SN - 13522310 SP - 7127-7137 ST - The effects of meteorology on ozone in urban areas and their use in assessing ozone trends T2 - Atmospheric Environment TI - The effects of meteorology on ozone in urban areas and their use in assessing ozone trends VL - 41 ID - 16101 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tropical cyclone (TC) activity is analyzed in 14 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The global TC activity in the historical runs is compared with observations. The simulation of TC activity in the CMIP5 models is not as good as in higher-resolution simulations. The CMIP5 global TC frequency is much lower than observed, and there is significant deficiency in the geographical patterns of TC tracks and formation. Although all of the models underestimate the global frequency of TCs, the models present a wide range of global TC frequency. The models with the highest horizontal resolution have the highest level of global TC activity, though resolution is not the only factor that determines model TC activity. A cold SST bias could potentially contribute to the low number of TCs in the models. The models show no consensus regarding the difference of TC activity in two warming scenarios [representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) and RCP8.5] and the historical simulation. The author examined in more detail North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific TC activity in a subset of models and found no robust changes across models in TC frequency. Therefore, there is no robust signal across the CMIP5 models in global and regional TC changes in activity for future scenarios. The future changes in various large-scale environmental fields associated with TC activity were also examined globally: genesis potential index, potential intensity, vertical wind shear, and sea level pressure. The multimodel mean changes of these variables in the CMIP5 models are consistent with the changes obtained in the CMIP3 models. AU - Camargo, Suzana J. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00549.1 IS - 24 KW - North Atlantic Ocean,North Pacific Ocean,Tropics,Hurricanes,Climate models,Model comparison PY - 2013 SP - 9880-9902 ST - Global and regional aspects of tropical cyclone activity in the CMIP5 models T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Global and regional aspects of tropical cyclone activity in the CMIP5 models VL - 26 ID - 20911 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cambridge Systematics Inc. AU - ESA PWA AU - W & S Solutions CY - Oakland, CA PB - California Department of Transportation PY - 2013 SP - various ST - Addressing Climate Change Adaptation in Regional Transportation Plans: A Guide for California MPOs and RTPAs TI - Addressing Climate Change Adaptation in Regional Transportation Plans: A Guide for California MPOs and RTPAs UR - http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/tpp/offices/orip/climate_change/documents/FR3_CA_Climate_Change_Adaptation_Guide_2013-02-26_.pdf ID - 24601 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cambridge Systematics Inc. AU - ICF International CY - Austin, TX PB - City of Austin, Office of Sustainability PY - 2015 SP - various ST - Central Texas Extreme Weather and Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of Regional Transportation Infrastructure TI - Central Texas Extreme Weather and Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of Regional Transportation Infrastructure UR - https://austintexas.gov/sites/default/files/files/CAMPO_Extreme_Weather_Vulnerability_Assessment_FINAL.pdf ID - 24602 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Combatting climate change will require using all available tools, especially those that contribute to other societal and economic goals, such as natural resource protection and energy security. Conserving and managing natural and agricultural lands to retain and absorb greenhouse gasses (GHGs) are tools that have not been widely integrated into climate policy. Our analysis provides a quantification of potential climate benefits from multiple land-based activities for a jurisdiction with an emissions reduction target (up to 13.3% of the cumulative reductions needed to meet the 2050 target, or nearly three-fourths of a billion metric tons of GHGs). This approach provides a model that other jurisdictions can use to evaluate emissions reductions that might be achieved from conserving and restoring natural lands.Modeling efforts focused on future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy and other sectors in California have shown varying capacities to meet the emissions reduction targets established by the state. These efforts have not included potential reductions from changes in ecosystem management, restoration, and conservation. We examine the scale of contributions from selected activities in natural and agricultural lands and assess the degree to which these actions could help the state achieve its 2030 and 2050 climate mitigation goals under alternative implementation scenarios. By 2030, an Ambitious implementation scenario could contribute as much as 147 MMTCO2e or 17.4% of the cumulative reductions needed to meet the state’s 2030 goal, greater than the individual projected contributions of four other economic sectors, including those from the industrial and agricultural sectors. On an annual basis, the Ambitious scenario could result in reductions as high as 17.9 MMTCO2e⋅y−1 or 13.4% of the state’s 2030 reduction goal. Most reductions come from changes in forest management (61% of 2050 projected cumulative reductions under the Ambitious scenario), followed by reforestation (14%), avoided conversion (11%), compost amendments to grasslands (9%), and wetland and grassland restoration (5%). Implementation of a range of land-based emissions reduction activities can materially contribute to one of the most ambitious mitigation targets globally. This study provides a flexible, dynamic framework for estimating the reductions achievable through land conservation, ecological restoration, and changes in management regimes. AU - Cameron, D. Richard AU - Marvin, David C. AU - Remucal, Jonathan M. AU - Passero, Michelle C. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1707811114 IS - 48 PY - 2017 SP - 12833-12838 ST - Ecosystem management and land conservation can substantially contribute to California’s climate mitigation goals T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Ecosystem management and land conservation can substantially contribute to California’s climate mitigation goals VL - 114 ID - 25739 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cameron, Lorraine AU - Ferguson, Aaron AU - Walker, Robert AU - Briley, Laura AU - Brown, Daniel CY - Lansing, MI PB - Michigan Department of Health & Human Services PY - 2015 SP - 97 ST - Michigan Climate and Health Profile Report 2015: Building Resilience Against Climate Effects on Michigan's Health TI - Michigan Climate and Health Profile Report 2015: Building Resilience Against Climate Effects on Michigan's Health UR - http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdhhs/MI_Climate_and_Health_Profile_517517_7.pdf ID - 21287 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Zika, a mosquito-borne viral disease that emerged in South America in 2015, was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO in February of 2016. We developed a climate-driven R0 mathematical model for the transmission risk of Zika virus (ZIKV) that explicitly includes two key mosquito vector species: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The model was parameterized and calibrated using the most up to date information from the available literature. It was then driven by observed gridded temperature and rainfall datasets for the period 1950–2015. We find that the transmission risk in South America in 2015 was the highest since 1950. This maximum is related to favoring temperature conditions that caused the simulated biting rates to be largest and mosquito mortality rates and extrinsic incubation periods to be smallest in 2015. This event followed the suspected introduction of ZIKV in Brazil in 2013. The ZIKV outbreak in Latin America has very likely been fueled by the 2015–2016 El Niño climate phenomenon affecting the region. The highest transmission risk globally is in South America and tropical countries where Ae. aegypti is abundant. Transmission risk is strongly seasonal in temperate regions where Ae. albopictus is present, with significant risk of ZIKV transmission in the southeastern states of the United States, in southern China, and to a lesser extent, over southern Europe during the boreal summer season. AU - Caminade, Cyril AU - Turner, Joanne AU - Metelmann, Soeren AU - Hesson, Jenny C. AU - Blagrove, Marcus S. C. AU - Solomon, Tom AU - Morse, Andrew P. AU - Baylis, Matthew DA - January 3, 2017 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1614303114 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - 119-124 ST - Global risk model for vector-borne transmission of Zika virus reveals the role of El Niño 2015 T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Global risk model for vector-borne transmission of Zika virus reveals the role of El Niño 2015 VL - 114 ID - 24135 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The transportation system infrastructure in the United States is vital to sustaining the nation’s economy, safety, and well-being. In its recent special report, Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Transportation, the National Research Council concluded that climate change will have significant impacts on transportation systems, affecting design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Furthermore, the report calls for a focus on the problem now through adaptation planning to avoid costly future investments and disruptions to operations. This begins with sharing information, resources, best practices, and lessons learned across jurisdictional lines and among different stakeholders. With this in mind, a select group of stakeholders representing the freight-transportation industry and climate science participated in a summit held at Vanderbilt University in 2011, to reach consensus on the needs and challenges that must be addressed in order for successful adaptation strategies to emerge. This paper presents a brief review of the relevant literature on this topic, shares the outcomes and findings of summit deliberations, and provides recommendations for a path forward. AU - Camp, Janey AU - Abkowitz, Mark AU - Hornberger, George AU - Benneyworth, Laura AU - Banks, James C. DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000151 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SP - 363-370 ST - Climate change and freight-transportation infrastructure: Current challenges for adaptation T2 - Journal of Infrastructure Systems TI - Climate change and freight-transportation infrastructure: Current challenges for adaptation VL - 19 ID - 24538 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Camp, Richard J. AU - Berkowitz, S. Paul AU - Brinck, Kevin AU - Jacobi, James D. AU - Price, Jonathan P. AU - Fortini, Lucas B. CY - Manoa, HI DO - 10.3133/sir20185012 PB - USGS Pacific Islands Climate Science Center PY - 2018 SN - Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5012 SP - 151 ST - Potential Impacts of Projected Climate Change on Vegetation-Management Strategies in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park TI - Potential Impacts of Projected Climate Change on Vegetation-Management Strategies in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park UR - https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5362af3ee4b0c409c6289bc7 ID - 22402 ER - TY - PCOMM AU - Campbell, Iver ST - (Bering Sea Sub-Network), Personal communication with author, March 16, 2018 TI - (Bering Sea Sub-Network), Personal communication with author, March 16, 2018 UR - http://www.bssn.net/ ID - 26728 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Campbell, John CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 9-11 Oct 2008 PY - 2008 SP - 10 T2 - International Conference on Environment, Forced Migration & Social Vulnerability TI - International relocation from Pacific island countries: Adaptation failure? UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267963740_International_Relocation_from_Pacific_Island_Countries_Adaptation_Failure ID - 22362 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While islands have been identified in numerous discourses as being highly vulnerable, food security was a cornerstone of many traditional Pacific Island societies from inland and coastal communities in large islands with considerable natural assets to those that occupied extremely small, low-lying atolls with little or no soil and limited water resources. This was sustained through agro-ecological biodiversity, the production of surpluses which enabled food preservation and storage to be practiced and underpinned networks of exchange and mutual support that were particularly important during times of hardship such as disruptive extreme natural events, the use of resilient crops and using ‘famine’ foods. Colonisation, the introduction of new religions, the spread of capitalism, most recently in the context of globalisation, has seen many of these practices decline (some have disappeared altogether) as crop diversity has been reduced (making way for export products such as copra), food storage and preservation are now rarely practised, resilient crops have been replaced, famine foods have lost their importance in the face of disaster relief, and many traditional networks have declined. Food imports have become critical, not only in the growing urban areas, but also in rural communities. The paper concludes by addressing key challenges facing Pacific Island countries in order to revitalise those traditional elements of food security in ways that are likely to find acceptance in contemporary society and enable them to adapt to the effects of climate change. AU - Campbell, John DA - 2014/10/07/ DO - 10.1007/s10113-014-0697-6 DP - ResearchGate PY - 2014 SP - 1313-1324 ST - Development, global change and traditional food security in Pacific Island countries T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - Development, global change and traditional food security in Pacific Island countries VL - 15 ID - 22403 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Campbell, John AU - Warrick, Olivia CY - Fiji DA - 2014 N1 - ISBN 978-982-91410-3-3 PB - UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Pacific Office PY - 2014 RP - ISBN 978-982-91410-3-3 SP - 54 ST - Climate Change and Migration Issues in the Pacific TI - Climate Change and Migration Issues in the Pacific UR - http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Climate-Change-and-Migration-Issues-in-the-Pacific.pdf ID - 22404 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Campbell, Jayaka D. AU - Taylor, Michael A. AU - Stephenson, Tannecia S. AU - Watson, Rhodene A. AU - Whyte, Felicia S. DO - 10.1002/joc.2200 IS - 12 KW - climate change Caribbean scenarios rainfall temperature PY - 2011 SN - 1097-0088 SP - 1866-1878 ST - Future climate of the Caribbean from a regional climate model T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Future climate of the Caribbean from a regional climate model VL - 31 ID - 25063 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Campbell, J. E. AU - Berry, J. A. AU - Seibt, U. AU - Smith, S. J. AU - Montzka, S. A. AU - Launois, T. AU - Belviso, S. AU - Bopp, L. AU - Laine, M. DA - 04/05/online DO - 10.1038/nature22030 PY - 2017 SP - 84-87 ST - Large historical growth in global terrestrial gross primary production T2 - Nature TI - Large historical growth in global terrestrial gross primary production VL - 544 ID - 23355 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A critical component of assessing the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems involves understanding associated changes in the biogeochemical cycling of elements. Evidence from research on northeastern North American forests shows that direct effects of climate change will evoke changes in biogeochemical cycling by altering plant physiology, forest productivity, and soil physical, chemical, and biological processes. Indirect effects, largely mediated by changes in species composition, length of growing season, and hydrology, will also be important. The case study presented here uses the quantitative biogeochemical model PnET-BGC to test assumptions about the direct and indirect effects of climate change on a northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Modeling results indicate an overall increase in net primary production due to a longer growing season, an increase in NO3- leaching due to large increases in net mineralization and nitrification, and slight declines in mineral weathering due to a reduction in soil moisture. Future research should focus on uncertainties, including the effects of (1) multiple simultaneous interactions of stressors (e.g., climate change, ozone, acidic deposition); (2) long-term atmospheric CO2 enrichment on vegetation; (3) changes in forest species composition; (4) extreme climatic events and other disturbances (e.g., ice storms, fire, invasive species); and (5) feedback mechanisms that increase or decrease change.

Une composante critique de l'estimation de l'impact des changements climatiques sur les écosystèmes forestiers implique la compréhension des changements associés au cycle biogéochimique des éléments. Une recherche conduite dans les forêts du nord-est de l'Amérique du Nord montre clairement que les effets directs des changements climatiques entraîneront des changements dans le cycle biogéochimique en altérant la physiologie des plantes, la productivité forestière et les processus impliqués dans la physique, la chimie et la biologie des sols. Les effets indirects engendrés surtout par des changements dans la composition en espèces, la longueur de la saison de croissance et le régime hydrique seront aussi importants. Une étude de cas est présentée ici à l'aide du modèle quantitatif biogéochimique PnET-BGC pour tester des hypothèses au sujet des effets directs et indirects des changements climatiques sur un écosystème forestier de feuillus nordiques. Les résultats des simulations permettent d'anticiper une augmentation générale de la production primaire nette causée par l'allongement de la saison de croissance, une augmentation du lessivage de NO3- due à de fortes augmentations de la minéralisation et de la nitrification nettes ainsi qu'une légère diminution de l'altération des minéraux due à une réduction de l'humidité du sol. Les recherches futures devraient être concentrées sur les incertitudes, lesquelles incluent les effets (1) des interactions multiples et simultanées des facteurs de stress (p. ex.: les changements climatiques, l'ozone, les dépôts acides), (2) de l'enrichissement à long terme en CO2 atmosphérique sur la végétation, (3) des changements de la composition en espèces forestières, (4) des événements climatiques extrêmes et des autres perturbations (p. ex.: les verglas, le feu, les espèces invasives) et (5) des mécanismes de rétroaction qui augmentent ou diminuent ces changements. AU - Campbell, John L. AU - Rustad, Lindsey E. AU - Christopher, Sheila F. AU - Driscoll, Charles T. AU - Fernandez, Ivan J. AU - Groffman, Peter M. AU - Houle, Daniel AU - Kiekbusch, Jana AU - Magill, Alison H. AU - Mitchell, Myron J. AU - Ollinger, Scott V. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1139/X08-104 IS - 2 PY - 2009 SP - 264-284 ST - Consequences of climate change for biogeochemical cycling in forests of northeastern North America T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research TI - Consequences of climate change for biogeochemical cycling in forests of northeastern North America VL - 39 ID - 12809 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Vector-borne diseases continue to contribute significantly to the global burden of disease, and cause epidemics that disrupt health security and cause wider socioeconomic impacts around the world. All are sensitive in different ways to weather and climate conditions, so that the ongoing trends of increasing temperature and more variable weather threaten to undermine recent global progress against these diseases. Here, we review the current state of the global public health effort to address this challenge, and outline related initiatives by the World Health Organization (WHO) and its partners. Much of the debate to date has centred on attribution of past changes in disease rates to climate change, and the use of scenario-based models to project future changes in risk for specific diseases. While these can give useful indications, the unavoidable uncertainty in such analyses, and contingency on other socioeconomic and public health determinants in the past or future, limit their utility as decision-support tools. For operational health agencies, the most pressing need is the strengthening of current disease control efforts to bring down current disease rates and manage short-term climate risks, which will, in turn, increase resilience to long-term climate change. The WHO and partner agencies are working through a range of programmes to (i) ensure political support and financial investment in preventive and curative interventions to bring down current disease burdens; (ii) promote a comprehensive approach to climate risk management; (iii) support applied research, through definition of global and regional research agendas, and targeted research initiatives on priority diseases and population groups.%U http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royptb/370/1665/20130552.full.pdf AU - Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid AU - Manga, Lucien AU - Bagayoko, Magaran AU - Sommerfeld, Johannes DO - 10.1098/rstb.2013.0552 IS - 1665 PY - 2015 ST - Climate change and vector-borne diseases: What are the implications for public health research and policy? T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Climate change and vector-borne diseases: What are the implications for public health research and policy? VL - 370 ID - 23356 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Campisano, Alberto AU - Butler, David AU - Ward, Sarah AU - Burns, Matthew J. AU - Friedler, Eran AU - DeBusk, Kathy AU - Fisher-Jeffes, Lloyd N. AU - Ghisi, Enedir AU - Rahman, Ataur AU - Furumai, Hiroaki AU - Han, Mooyoung DA - 2017/05/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.056 KW - Rainwater harvesting Stormwater management Sustainable urban water systems Water conservation Water efficiency PY - 2017 SN - 0043-1354 SP - 195-209 ST - Urban rainwater harvesting systems: Research, implementation and future perspectives T2 - Water Research TI - Urban rainwater harvesting systems: Research, implementation and future perspectives VL - 115 ID - 26429 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Canadian Engineering Qualifications Board CY - Ottawa, ON PB - Engineers Canada PY - 2014 SP - 37 ST - Principles of Climate Change Adaptation for Engineers TI - Principles of Climate Change Adaptation for Engineers UR - https://engineerscanada.ca/sites/default/files/01_national_guideline_climate_change_adaptation.pdf ID - 25633 ER - TY - THES AU - Cancelliere, Jessica CY - Lincoln, NB PB - University of Nebraska PY - 2015 SP - 20 ST - Effects of Minimum Winter Temperatures on Southern Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) Mortality on Long Island, N.Y T2 - Department of Entomology TI - Effects of Minimum Winter Temperatures on Southern Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) Mortality on Long Island, N.Y VL - M.S. ID - 22006 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cangialosi, John P. AU - Latto, Andrew S. AU - Berg, Robbie DA - June 30, 2018 PB - National Hurricane Center PY - 2018 SP - 111 ST - Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Irma (AL112017), 30 August-12 September 2017 TI - Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Irma (AL112017), 30 August-12 September 2017 UR - https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL112017_Irma.pdf ID - 26322 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to cause extensive shifts in the epidemiology of infectious and vector-borne diseases. Scenarios on the effects of climate change typically attribute altered distribution of communicable diseases to a rise in average temperature and altered incidence of infectious diseases to weather extremes. Methods Recent evaluations of the effects of climate change on Hawaii have not explored this link. It may be expected that Hawaii’s natural geography and robust water, sanitation, and health care infrastructure renders residents less vulnerable to many threats that are the focus on smaller, lesser developed, and more vulnerable Pacific islands. In addition, Hawaii’s communicable disease surveillance and response system can act rapidly to counter increases in any disease above baseline and to redirect resources to deal with changes, particularly outbreaks due to exotic pathogens. Results The evidence base examined in this article consistently revealed very low climate sensitivity with respect to infectious and mosquito-borne diseases. Conclusions A community resilience model is recommended to increase adaptive capacity for all possible climate change impacts rather an approach that focuses specifically on communicable diseases. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:797–804) AU - Canyon, Deon V. AU - Speare, Rick AU - Burkle, Frederick M. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/dmp.2016.73 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2016/08/12 IS - 6 KW - infectious disease medicine emergency preparedness disease outbreaks disaster planning PY - 2016 SN - 1935-7893 SP - 797-804 ST - Forecasted impact of climate change on infectious disease and health security in Hawaii by 2050 T2 - Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness TI - Forecasted impact of climate change on infectious disease and health security in Hawaii by 2050 VL - 10 ID - 26102 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Caplins, L. AU - Paul, K. PY - 2016 SP - 20 ST - The Blackfeet (Siksikaitsitapi) and Climate Change: Input from Blackfeet Community Members to Inform the 4th National Climate Assessment TI - The Blackfeet (Siksikaitsitapi) and Climate Change: Input from Blackfeet Community Members to Inform the 4th National Climate Assessment UR - https://www.indianaffairs.gov/bia/ots/tribal-resilience-program/Tribes_NCA/Input_NCA4_1 ID - 26707 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The global livestock industry is charged with providing sufficient animal source foods to supply the global population while improving the environmental sustainability of animal production. Improved productivity within dairy and beef systems has demonstrably reduced resource use and greenhouse gas emissions per unit of food over the past century through the dilution of maintenance effect. Further environmental mitigation effects have been gained through the current use of technologies and practices that enhance milk yield or growth in ruminants; however, the social acceptability of continued intensification and use of productivity-enhancing technologies is subject to debate. As the environmental impact of food production continues to be a significant issue for all stakeholders within the field, further research is needed to ensure that comparisons among foods are made based on both environmental impact and nutritive value to truly assess the sustainability of ruminant products. AU - Capper, Judith L. AU - Bauman, Dale E. DO - 10.1146/annurev-animal-031412-103727 IS - 1 KW - greenhouse gas emissions,dilution of maintenance,carbon footprint,animal source foods,dairy,beef PY - 2013 SP - 469-489 ST - The role of productivity in improving the environmental sustainability of ruminant production systems T2 - Annual Review of Animal Biosciences TI - The role of productivity in improving the environmental sustainability of ruminant production systems VL - 1 ID - 26135 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Capps, Shannon L. AU - Driscoll, Charles T. AU - Fakhraei, Habibollah AU - Templer, Pamela H. AU - Craig, Kenneth J. AU - Milford, Jana B. AU - Lambert, Kathleen F. DO - 10.1002/2016JD025141 IS - 24 KW - ozone cobenefits crops trees climate mitigation policy analysis 0414 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 0402 Agricultural systems 0426 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions PY - 2016 SN - 2169-8996 SP - 14,679-14,690 ST - Estimating potential productivity cobenefits for crops and trees from reduced ozone with U.S. coal power plant carbon standards T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - Estimating potential productivity cobenefits for crops and trees from reduced ozone with U.S. coal power plant carbon standards VL - 121 ID - 24497 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CARB CY - Sacramento, CA PB - California Air Resources Board (CARB) PY - 2018 SP - 20 ST - California Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2000 to 2016: Trends of Emissions and Other Indicators TI - California Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2000 to 2016: Trends of Emissions and Other Indicators UR - https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/reports/2000_2016/ghg_inventory_trends_00-16.pdf ID - 26388 ER - TY - JOUR AB - For centuries, thinkers have considered whether and how climatic conditions influence the nature of societies and the performance of economies. A multidisciplinary renaissance of quantitative empirical research has begun to illuminate key linkages in the coupling of these complex natural and human systems, uncovering notable effects of climate on health, agriculture, economics, conflict, migration, and demographics. ADVANCESPast scholars of climate-society interactions were limited to theorizing on the basis of anecdotal evidence; advances in computing, data availability, and study design now allow researchers to draw generalizable causal inferences tying climatic events to social outcomes. This endeavor has demonstrated that a range of climate factors have substantial influence on societies and economies, both past and present, with important implications for the future.Temperature, in particular, exerts remarkable influence over human systems at many social scales; heat induces mortality, has lasting impact on fetuses and infants, and incites aggression and violence while lowering human productivity. High temperatures also damage crops, inflate electricity demand, and may trigger population movements within and across national borders. Tropical cyclones cause mortality, damage assets, and reduce economic output for long periods. Precipitation extremes harm economies and populations predominately in agriculturally dependent settings. These effects are often quantitatively substantial; for example, we compute that temperature depresses current U.S. maize yields roughly 48%, warming trends since 1980 elevated conflict risk in Africa by 11%, and future warming may slow global economic growth rates by 0.28 percentage points year−1. Much research aims to forecast impacts of future climate change, but we point out that society may also benefit from attending to ongoing impacts of climate in the present, because current climatic conditions impose economic and social burdens on populations today that rival in magnitude the projected end-of-century impacts of climate change. For instance, we calculate that current temperature climatologies slow global economic growth roughly 0.25 percentage points year−1, comparable to the additional slowing of 0.28 percentage points year−1 projected from future warming.Both current and future losses can theoretically be avoided if populations adapt to fully insulate themselves from the climate—why this has not already occurred everywhere remains a critical open question. For example, clear patterns of adaptation in health impacts and in response to tropical cyclones contrast strongly with limited adaptation in agricultural and macroeconomic responses to temperature. Although some theories suggest these various levels of adaptation ought to be economically optimal, in the sense that costs of additional adaptive actions should exactly balance the benefits of avoided climate-related losses, there is no evidence that allows us to determine how closely observed “adaptation gaps” reflect optimal investments or constrained suboptimal adaptation that should be addressed through policy. OUTLOOKRecent findings provide insight into the historical evolution of the global economy; they should inform how we respond to modern climatic conditions, and they can guide how we understand the consequences of future climate changes. Although climate is clearly not the only factor that affects social and economic outcomes, new quantitative measurements reveal that it is a major factor, often with first-order consequences. Research over the coming decade will seek to understand the numerous mechanisms that drive these effects, with the hope that policy may interfere with the most damaging pathways of influence. Both current and future generations will benefit from near-term investigations. “Cracking the code” on when, where, and why adaptation is or is not successful will generate major social benefits today and in the future. In addition, calculations used to design global climate change olicies require as input “damage functions” that describe how social and economic losses accrue under different climatic conditions, essential elements that now can (and should) be calibrated to real-world relationships. Designing effective, efficient, and fair policies to manage anthropogenic climate change requires that we possess a quantitative grasp of how different investments today may affect economic and social possibilities in the future.Two globes depict two possible futures for how the climate might change and how those changes are likely to affect humanity, based on recent empirical findings.Base colors are temperature change under “Business as usual” (left, RCP 8.5) and “stringent emissions mitigation” (right, RCP 2.6). Overlaid are composite satellite images of nighttime lights with rescaled intensity reflecting changes in economic productivity in each climate scenario.For centuries, thinkers have considered whether and how climatic conditions—such as temperature, rainfall, and violent storms—influence the nature of societies and the performance of economies. A multidisciplinary renaissance of quantitative empirical research is illuminating important linkages in the coupled climate-human system. We highlight key methodological innovations and results describing effects of climate on health, economics, conflict, migration, and demographics. Because of persistent “adaptation gaps,” current climate conditions continue to play a substantial role in shaping modern society, and future climate changes will likely have additional impact. For example, we compute that temperature depresses current U.S. maize yields by ~48%, warming since 1980 elevated conflict risk in Africa by ~11%, and future warming may slow global economic growth rates by ~0.28 percentage points per year. In general, we estimate that the economic and social burden of current climates tends to be comparable in magnitude to the additional projected impact caused by future anthropogenic climate changes. Overall, findings from this literature point to climate as an important influence on the historical evolution of the global economy, they should inform how we respond to modern climatic conditions, and they can guide how we predict the consequences of future climate changes.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/353/6304/aad9837.full.pdf AU - Carleton, Tamma A. AU - Hsiang, Solomon M. DO - 10.1126/science.aad9837 IS - 6304 PY - 2016 ST - Social and economic impacts of climate T2 - Science TI - Social and economic impacts of climate VL - 353 ID - 21459 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Carlson, Anne PB - Crown Managers Paternship PY - 2016 SP - 10 ST - A Crown Adaptation Partnership (CAP) Toolbox for the Crown of the Continent TI - A Crown Adaptation Partnership (CAP) Toolbox for the Crown of the Continent UR - http://crownmanagers.org/storage/Crown%20Adaptation%20Partnership%20toolbox_Anne%20Carlson%20April%205%202016.pdf ID - 25934 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Drake, Jeanette L. A2 - Kontar, Yekaterina Y. A2 - Eichelberger, John C. A2 - Rupp, T. Scott A2 - Taylor, Karen M. AB - As the world works to build resiliency to the impacts of climate change, it is increasingly important that companies, in addition to communities, consider and manage risks from such impacts to their assets and infrastructure. Discussion of climate change as a financial risk presents opportunities to engage companies and their investors on climate-related issues. Coastal oil-refining operations, in particular, face tremendous risks from the impacts of climate change, which can damage or destroy coastal energy facilities, curtail or stop production, and inundate nearby communities. Here, five oil refineries’ risk to sea level rise, and climate change-enhanced storm surge is assessed for the present day, 2030, 2050, and 2100. Risk assessments are compared against the degree to which the five companies have publicly disclosed climate-related risk to the US Securities and Exchange Commission, as recommended. Finally, suggestions are offered for better company consideration and disclosure of climate risks. AU - Carlson, Christina AU - Goldman, Gretchen AU - Dahl, Kristina C4 - 291717be-fc44-4258-8c9f-62e84922049d CY - Cham DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-20161-0_19 PB - Springer International Publishing PY - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-20161-0 SP - 295-308 ST - Stormy seas, rising risks: Assessing undisclosed risk from sea level rise and storm surge at coastal US oil refineries T2 - Communicating Climate-Change and Natural Hazard Risk and Cultivating Resilience: Case Studies for a Multi-disciplinary Approach TI - Stormy seas, rising risks: Assessing undisclosed risk from sea level rise and storm surge at coastal US oil refineries ID - 23214 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Author A combination of media attention and the declaration of a World Health Organization state of emergency have made the pandemic expansion of Zika virus a topic of great public concern. Understanding the threat North America faces from the still-expanding viral range requires an understanding of the historical range and ecology of the disease, a topic currently difficult to study due to incomplete occurrence data. We compile the most comprehensive geospatial dataset of Zika occurrences in its native range, beginning with its discovery in 1947, and build bioclimatic models that set an outer bound on where the virus is likely to persist. Our results suggest Zika is likely far more constrained than the closely-related dengue fever, on which many projections have been based. While Zika poses a serious threat in current outbreak regions and is clearly a high-priority neglected tropical disease, our models suggest that even under an extreme climate change scenario for 2050, the disease is unlikely to become cosmopolitan in most temperate regions as a vector-borne disease, a discrepant finding from the results of non-ensemble modeling methods. Despite that, sexual transmission remains a serious public health concern, and a route by which Zika could become a severe public health emergency in temperate zones, including in the United States. AU - Carlson, Colin J. AU - Dougherty, Eric R. AU - Getz, Wayne DO - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004968 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SP - e0004968 ST - An ecological assessment of the pandemic threat of Zika virus T2 - PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases TI - An ecological assessment of the pandemic threat of Zika virus UR - https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0004968 VL - 10 ID - 24055 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change and extreme weather events are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in the United States. The social factors that drive cities to adapt to and/or prepare for these impacts are largely unknown. Sixty-five qualitative interviews were conducted with multi-sectoral decision-makers to assess factors driving adaptation in six cities across the United States: Tucson, Arizona; Tampa, Florida; Raleigh, North Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Portland, Oregon; and Los Angeles, California. We find that there are three type of factors that affect adaptation: (1) swing characteristics of or events within localities that can lead toward or away from action; (2) inhibitors ways of thinking and framing climate change available to decision-makers that slow, but do not necessarily stop change; and (3) resource catalysts types of information and moral grounding that provide a rationale for change. These factors often intersect such that swing factors are only influential in cities with some political acceptance of climate change. In cities where public acceptance of climate change is slowly shifting, resource catalysts are more influential. This is the first qualitative study of climate change adaptation in American cities. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. AU - Carlson, K. AU - McCormick, S. DA - Nov DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.015 KW - climate change adaptation urban PY - 2015 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 360-367 ST - American adaptation: Social factors affecting new developments to address climate change T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - American adaptation: Social factors affecting new developments to address climate change VL - 35 ID - 22713 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Global climate change is expected to increase the risk of diarrhoeal diseases, a leading cause of childhood mortality. However, there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of these effects and which populations bear the greatest risks. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using defined search terms across four major databases and, additionally, examined the references of 54 review articles captured by the search. We evaluated sources of heterogeneity by pathogen taxon, exposure measure, study quality, country income level and regional climate, and estimated pooled effect estimates for the subgroups identified in the heterogeneity analysis, using meta-analysis methods. Results: We identified 26 studies with 49 estimates. Pathogen taxa were a source of heterogeneity. There was a positive association between ambient temperature and all-cause diarrhoea (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.10) and bacterial diarrhoea (IRR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.10), but not viral diarrhoea (IRR 0.96; 95% CI 0.82, 1.11). These associations were observed in low-, middle- and high-income countries. Only one study of protozoan diarrhoea was identified. Conclusions: Changes in temperature due to global climate change can and may already be affecting diarrhoeal disease incidence. The vulnerability of populations may depend, in part, on local pathogen distribution. However, evidence of publication bias and the uneven geographical distribution of studies limit the precision and generalizability of the pooled estimates. AU - Carlton, Elizabeth J. AU - Woster, Andrew P. AU - DeWitt, Peter AU - Goldstein, Rebecca S. AU - Levy, Karen DO - 10.1093/ije/dyv296 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 0300-5771 SP - 117-130 ST - A systematic review and meta-analysis of ambient temperature and diarrhoeal diseases T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology TI - A systematic review and meta-analysis of ambient temperature and diarrhoeal diseases VL - 45 ID - 26099 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The role of extreme weather events in shaping people’s climate change beliefs and adaptation attitudes has been extensively studied and discussed in academic literature, the popular press, and policy circles. In this manuscript, we contribute to the debate by using data from pre- and post-extreme event surveys to examine the effects of the 2012 Midwestern US drought on agricultural advisors’ climate change beliefs, adaptation attitudes, and risk perceptions. We found that neither climate change beliefs nor attitudes toward adaptation changed significantly as a result of the drought. Risk perceptions did change, however, with advisors becoming more concerned about risks from drought and pests and less concerned about risks related to flooding and ponding. Though increased risk perceptions were significantly associated with more favorable adaptation attitudes, the effects were not large enough to cause an overall shift to more favorable attitudes toward adaptation. The results suggest that extreme climate events might not cause significant shifts in climate beliefs, at least not immediately. Additionally, the results caution that policy designs that rely on increasing risk perceptions to motivate action on climate change may be overestimating the effects of extreme events on feeling at risk, at least in the context of buffered systems such as large commercial agriculture in the US. AU - Carlton, J. Stuart AU - Mase, Amber S. AU - Knutson, Cody L. AU - Lemos, Maria Carmen AU - Haigh, Tonya AU - Todey, Dennis P. AU - Prokopy, Linda S. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-015-1561-5 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 211-226 ST - The effects of extreme drought on climate change beliefs, risk perceptions, and adaptation attitudes T2 - Climatic Change TI - The effects of extreme drought on climate change beliefs, risk perceptions, and adaptation attitudes VL - 135 ID - 26559 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Carmichael, Wayne W. AU - Boyer, Gregory L. DA - 2016/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.hal.2016.02.002 KW - Harmful algal blooms Cyanobacteria Cyanotoxins Drinking/recreational water guidelines Human and animal health PY - 2016 SN - 1568-9883 SP - 194-212 ST - Health impacts from cyanobacteria harmful algae blooms: Implications for the North American Great Lakes T2 - Harmful Algae TI - Health impacts from cyanobacteria harmful algae blooms: Implications for the North American Great Lakes VL - 54 ID - 26558 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Carpenter, S.R. AU - Brock, W.A. C6 - NCA IS - 2 PY - 2008 SN - 1708-3087 SP - 40 ST - Adaptive capacity and traps T2 - Ecology and Society TI - Adaptive capacity and traps UR - http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss2/art40/ VL - 13 ID - 12827 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Surface freshwaters—lakes, reservoirs, and rivers—are among the most extensively altered ecosystems on Earth. Transformations include changes in the morphology of rivers and lakes, hydrology, biogeochemistry of nutrients and toxic substances, ecosystem metabolism and the storage of carbon (C), loss of native species, expansion of invasive species, and disease emergence. Drivers are climate change, hydrologic flow modification, land-use change, chemical inputs, aquatic invasive species, and harvest. Drivers and responses interact, and their relationships must be disentangled to understand the causes and consequences of change as well as the correctives for adverse change in any given watershed. Beyond its importance in terms of drinking water, freshwater supports human well-being in many ways related to food and fiber production, hydration of other ecosystems used by humans, dilution and degradation of pollutants, and cultural values. A natural capital framework can be used to assess freshwater ecosystem services, competing uses for freshwaters, and the processes that underpin the long-term maintenance of freshwaters. Upper limits for human consumption of freshwaters have been proposed, and consumptive use may approach these limits by the mid-century. AU - Carpenter, Stephen R. AU - Stanley, Emily H. AU - Zanden, M. Jake Vander DO - 10.1146/annurev-environ-021810-094524 IS - 1 KW - aquatic invasive species,climate change,ecosystem services,freshwater biogeochemistry,land-use change,natural capital PY - 2011 SP - 75-99 ST - State of the world's freshwater ecosystems: Physical, chemical, and biological changes T2 - Annual Review of Environment and Resources TI - State of the world's freshwater ecosystems: Physical, chemical, and biological changes VL - 36 ID - 25589 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Carreras, B. A. AU - Newman, D. E. AU - Dobson, Ian DO - 10.1063/1.4868393 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SP - 023104 ST - Does size matter? T2 - Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science TI - Does size matter? VL - 24 ID - 25268 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Metrics that synthesize the complex effects of climate change are essential tools for mapping future threats to biodiversity and predicting which species are likely to adapt in place to new climatic conditions, disperse and establish in areas with newly suitable climate, or face the prospect of extirpation. The most commonly used of such metrics is the velocity of climate change, which estimates the speed at which species must migrate over the earth’s surface to maintain constant climatic conditions. However, “analog-based” velocities, which represent the actual distance to where analogous climates will be found in the future, may provide contrasting results to the more common form of velocity based on local climate gradients. Additionally, whereas climatic velocity reflects the exposure of organisms to climate change, resultant biotic effects are dependent on the sensitivity of individual species as reflected in part by their climatic niche width. This has motivated development of biotic velocity, a metric which uses data on projected species range shifts to estimate the velocity at which species must move to track their climatic niche. We calculated climatic and biotic velocity for the Western Hemisphere for 1961–2100, and applied the results to example ecological and conservation planning questions, to demonstrate the potential of such analog-based metrics to provide information on broad-scale patterns of exposure and sensitivity. Geographic patterns of biotic velocity for 2954 species of birds, mammals, and amphibians differed from climatic velocity in north temperate and boreal regions. However, both biotic and climatic velocities were greatest at low latitudes, implying that threats to equatorial species arise from both the future magnitude of climatic velocities and the narrow climatic tolerances of species in these regions, which currently experience low seasonal and interannual climatic variability. Biotic and climatic velocity, by approximating lower and upper bounds on migration rates, can inform conservation of species and locally-adapted populations, respectively, and in combination with backward velocity, a function of distance to a source of colonizers adapted to a site’s future climate, can facilitate conservation of diversity at multiple scales in the face of climate change. AU - Carroll, Carlos AU - Lawler, Joshua J. AU - Roberts, David R. AU - Hamann, Andreas DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0140486 IS - 10 PY - 2015 SP - e0140486 ST - Biotic and climatic velocity identify contrasting areas of vulnerability to climate change T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Biotic and climatic velocity identify contrasting areas of vulnerability to climate change VL - 10 ID - 21213 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Carroll, Christina M. AU - Evans, J. Randolph AU - Patton, Lindene Elise AU - Zimolzak, Joanne Lydia C4 - d1d4c1c1-da80-49ee-ab2d-a87c4d32d431 CY - Chicago, IL KW - added by ERG PB - American Bar Association Book Publishing PY - 2012 SN - 9781614387336 SP - 250 ST - Climate Change and Insurance TI - Climate Change and Insurance ID - 22944 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Oxygen-deficient waters are expanding globally in response to warming and coastal eutrophication. Coastal ecosystems provide valuable services to humans, but these services are severely reduced with decreasing oxygen conditions. In the Baltic Sea, oxygen-deficient waters have expanded from 5,000 to over 60,000 km2 with large decadal fluctuations over the last century, reducing the potential fish yield and favoring noxious algal blooms. This increase is due to the imbalance between oxygen supply from physical processes and oxygen demand from consumption of organic material, enhanced by nutrient inputs and temperature increases. Further nutrient reductions will be necessary to restore a healthier Baltic Sea and counteract effects from warming.Deoxygenation is a global problem in coastal and open regions of the ocean, and has led to expanding areas of oxygen minimum zones and coastal hypoxia. The recent expansion of hypoxia in coastal ecosystems has been primarily attributed to global warming and enhanced nutrient input from land and atmosphere. The largest anthropogenically induced hypoxic area in the world is the Baltic Sea, where the relative importance of physical forcing versus eutrophication is still debated. We have analyzed water column oxygen and salinity profiles to reconstruct oxygen and stratification conditions over the last 115 y and compare the influence of both climate and anthropogenic forcing on hypoxia. We report a 10-fold increase of hypoxia in the Baltic Sea and show that this is primarily linked to increased inputs of nutrients from land, although increased respiration from higher temperatures during the last two decades has contributed to worsening oxygen conditions. Although shifts in climate and physical circulation are important factors modulating the extent of hypoxia, further nutrient reductions in the Baltic Sea will be necessary to reduce the ecosystems impacts of deoxygenation. AU - Carstensen, Jacob AU - Andersen, Jesper H. AU - Gustafsson, Bo G. AU - Conley, Daniel J. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1323156111 IS - 15 PY - 2014 SP - 5628-5633 ST - Deoxygenation of the Baltic Sea during the last century T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Deoxygenation of the Baltic Sea during the last century VL - 111 ID - 25590 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Carter, B. R. AU - Feely, R. A. AU - Mecking, S. AU - Cross, J. N. AU - Macdonald, A. M. AU - Siedlecki, S. A. AU - Talley, L. D. AU - Sabine, C. L. AU - Millero, F. J. AU - Swift, J. H. AU - Dickson, A. G. AU - Rodgers, K. B. DO - 10.1002/2016GB005485 IS - 2 KW - anthropogenic carbon P02 and P16 ocean acidification eMLR repeat hydrography decadal variability 1615 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 4215 Climate and interannual variability 4806 Carbon cycling 4808 Chemical tracers PY - 2017 SN - 1944-9224 SP - 306-327 ST - Two decades of Pacific anthropogenic carbon storage and ocean acidification along Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program sections P16 and P02 T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Two decades of Pacific anthropogenic carbon storage and ocean acidification along Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program sections P16 and P02 VL - 31 ID - 23738 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Carter, L. AU - Terando, A. AU - Dow, K. AU - Hiers, K. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - Lascurain, A. AU - Marcy, D. AU - Osland, M. AU - Schramm, P. C4 - 78a0c3d3-e99d-45a8-8963-00541100d65a CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH19 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 19 SP - xxx ST - Southeast T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Southeast ID - 26653 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Richmond, T.C. A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Carter, Lynne M. AU - Jones, James W. AU - Berry, Leonard AU - Burkett, Virginia AU - Murley, James F. AU - Obeysekera, Jayantha AU - Schramm, Paul J. AU - Wear, David C4 - 7bdd9d20-6e83-40ab-8d50-68272c2b3dc9 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0NP22CB PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 RN - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/regions/southeast SP - 396-417 ST - Ch. 17: Southeast and the Caribbean T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 17: Southeast and the Caribbean ID - 12833 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cartwright, Jennifer M. AU - Wolfe, William J. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/pp1828 NV - USGS Professional Paper 1828 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2016 SP - 162 ST - Insular Ecosystems of the Southeastern United States: A Regional Synthesis to Support Biodiversity Conservation in a Changing Climate TI - Insular Ecosystems of the Southeastern United States: A Regional Synthesis to Support Biodiversity Conservation in a Changing Climate ID - 24438 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This article contributes to the literature on the nexus between climate change and violence by focusing on Indonesia over the period 1993–2003. Rice is the staple food in Indonesia and we investigate whether its scarcity can be blamed for fueling violence. Following insights from the natural science literature, which claims that increases in minimum temperature reduce rice yields, we maintain that increases in minimum temperature reduce food availability in many provinces, which in turn raises the emergence of actual violence. We adopt an instrumental variable approach and select the instruments taking into account the rice growing calendar. Results show that an increase of the minimum temperature during the core month of the rice growing season, that is, December, determines an increase in violence stimulated by the reduction in future rice production per capita. Results are robust across a number of different functional specifications and estimation methods. From a methodological point of view, we claim that the inconclusive results obtained in this literature may be caused by an overlook of the correct bundle crop/temperature. Studies concentrating on several countries with different crops and using variations of average temperature as a measure of climate change missed the biological mechanism behind the relationship between climate change and violence. AU - Caruso, Raul AU - Petrarca, Ilaria AU - Ricciuti, Roberto DO - 10.1177/0022343315616061 IS - 1 KW - climate change,food availability,Indonesia,minimum temperature,paddy rice,rainfall,rice crops,routine violence PY - 2016 SP - 66-83 ST - Climate change, rice crops, and violence T2 - Journal of Peace Research TI - Climate change, rice crops, and violence VL - 53 ID - 22087 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Carver, Erin CY - Arlington, VA NV - Report 2011-1 PB - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service PY - 2013 SP - 16 ST - Birding in the United States: A Demographic and Economic Analysis. Addendum to the 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation TI - Birding in the United States: A Demographic and Economic Analysis. Addendum to the 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation UR - http://files.ctctcdn.com/72003b0e001/ad38409e-f21e-4e90-a29d-d71e6fe44920.pdf ID - 21637 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cascio, Wayne E. DA - 2018/05/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.086 KW - Wildfire emissions Smoke Health effects Air pollution Particulate matter, PM PY - 2018 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 586-595 ST - Wildland fire smoke and human health T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Wildland fire smoke and human health VL - 624 ID - 25898 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Case, Michael J. AU - Lawler, Joshua J. AU - Tomasevic, Jorge A. DA - 2015/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.04.013 KW - Climate change Sensitivity Vulnerability Pacific Northwest PY - 2015 SN - 0006-3207 SP - 127-133 ST - Relative sensitivity to climate change of species in northwestern North America T2 - Biological Conservation TI - Relative sensitivity to climate change of species in northwestern North America VL - 187 ID - 24702 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Concerns over the status of freshwater availability in the Caribbean region and in particular the eastern Caribbean states have been expressed for at least the past 30 years. There is a growing realization that availability will be vulnerable to extremes of climate behavior and increasing demand for water. Climate modeling for the Caribbean region under a range of scenarios suggests a continuation of a warming in average temperatures, a lengthening of seasonal dry periods, and increases in frequency of occurrence of drought conditions. Using information from the most recent IPCC report and regional downscaling, the authors suggest what some of the macrolevel changes in temperature and rainfall might be and the implications for water resources availability. This article evaluates the existing availability of water resources, the implications of the most recent climate change modeling for the Caribbean region, and the impact of on existing service provision strategies. AU - Cashman, Adrian AU - Nurse, Leonard AU - John, Charlery DO - 10.1177/1070496509347088 IS - 1 KW - climate change,water resources,water management,scarcity,vulnerability,social impacts PY - 2010 SP - 42-67 ST - Climate change in the Caribbean: The water management implications T2 - Journal of Environment & Development TI - Climate change in the Caribbean: The water management implications VL - 19 ID - 25062 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Casti, John L. C4 - cac14c86-a591-4102-a754-6bcda239e17a CY - New York PB - John Wiley & Sons PY - 1979 SN - 978-0471276616 SP - 218 ST - Connectivity, Complexity and Catastrophe in Large-scale Systems T2 - International Series on Applied Systems Analysis TI - Connectivity, Complexity and Catastrophe in Large-scale Systems ID - 21458 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Castle, Stephanie L. AU - Thomas, Brian F. AU - Reager, John T. AU - Rodell, Matthew AU - Swenson, Sean C. AU - Famiglietti, James S. DO - 10.1002/2014GL061055 IS - 16 KW - Colorado River Basin drought GRACE groundwater water management groundwater depletion 1217 Time variable gravity 1884 Water supply 1829 Groundwater hydrology 1857 Reservoirs (surface) 1876 Water budgets PY - 2014 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 5904-5911 ST - Groundwater depletion during drought threatens future water security of the Colorado River Basin T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Groundwater depletion during drought threatens future water security of the Colorado River Basin VL - 41 ID - 23217 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The emergence of epizootic shell disease in American lobsters Homarus americanus in the southern New England area, USA, has presented many new challenges to understanding the interface between disease and fisheries management. This paper examines past knowledge of shell disease, supplements this with the new knowledge generated through a special New England Lobster Shell Disease Initiative completed in 2011, and suggests how epidemiological tools can be used to elucidate the interactions between fisheries management and disease. AU - Castro, K. M. AU - Cobb, J. S. AU - Gomez-Chiarri, M. AU - Tlusty, M. DO - 10.3354/dao02507 IS - 2 PY - 2012 SP - 149-158 ST - Epizootic shell disease in American lobsters Homarus americanus in southern New England: Past, present and future T2 - Diseases of Aquatic Organisms TI - Epizootic shell disease in American lobsters Homarus americanus in southern New England: Past, present and future VL - 100 ID - 21852 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Confirmed local transmission of Zika Virus (ZIKV) in Texas and Florida have heightened the need for early and accurate indicators of self-sustaining transmission in high risk areas across the southern United States. Given ZIKV’s low reporting rates and the geographic variability in suitable conditions, a cluster of reported cases may reflect diverse scenarios, ranging from independent introductions to a self-sustaining local epidemic. AU - Castro, Lauren A. AU - Fox, Spencer J. AU - Chen, Xi AU - Liu, Kai AU - Bellan, Steven E. AU - Dimitrov, Nedialko B. AU - Galvani, Alison P. AU - Meyers, Lauren Ancel DA - May 04 DO - 10.1186/s12879-017-2394-9 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1471-2334 SP - 284 ST - Assessing real-time Zika risk in the United States T2 - BMC Infectious Diseases TI - Assessing real-time Zika risk in the United States VL - 17 ID - 22086 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Castrodale, Louisa IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - 1 ST - Paralytic shellfish poisoning — Alaska, 1993–2014 T2 - [State of Alaska] Epidemiology Bulletin TI - Paralytic shellfish poisoning — Alaska, 1993–2014 UR - http://epibulletins.dhss.alaska.gov/Document/Display?DocumentId=47 VL - 2015 ID - 24973 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Regional warming associated with climate change is linked with altered range and abundance of species and ecosystems worldwide. However, the ecological impacts of changes in the frequency of extreme events have not been as well documented, especially for coastal and marine environments. We used 28 y of satellite imagery to demonstrate that the area of mangrove forests has doubled at the northern end of their historic range on the east coast of Florida. This expansion is associated with a reduction in the frequency of “extreme” cold events (days colder than −4 °C), but uncorrelated with changes in mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and land use. Our analyses provide evidence for a threshold response, with declining frequency of severe cold winter events allowing for poleward expansion of mangroves. Future warming may result in increases in mangrove cover beyond current latitudinal limits of mangrove forests, thereby altering the structure and function of these important coastal ecosystems. AU - Cavanaugh, Kyle C. AU - Kellner, James R. AU - Forde, Alexander J. AU - Gruner, Daniel S. AU - Parker, John D. AU - Rodriguez, Wilfrid AU - Feller, Ilka C. DA - January 14, 2014 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1315800111 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SP - 723-727 ST - Poleward expansion of mangroves is a threshold response to decreased frequency of extreme cold events T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Poleward expansion of mangroves is a threshold response to decreased frequency of extreme cold events VL - 111 ID - 23359 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cavanaugh, Kyle C. AU - Parker, John D. AU - Cook-Patton, Susan C. AU - Feller, Ilka C. AU - Williams, A. Park AU - Kellner, James R. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12843 IS - 5 KW - Avicennia germinans climate change ecological thresholds freeze tolerance Laguncularia racemosa range expansion Rhizophora mangle species distribution modeling PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1928-1938 ST - Integrating physiological threshold experiments with climate modeling to project mangrove species’ range expansion T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Integrating physiological threshold experiments with climate modeling to project mangrove species’ range expansion VL - 21 ID - 24300 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cavole, Leticia M. AU - Demko, Alyssa M. AU - Diner, Rachel E. AU - Giddings, Ashlyn AU - Koester, Irina AU - Pagniello, Camille M.L.S. AU - Paulsen, Mat-Linn AU - Ramirez-Valdez, Arturo AU - Schwenck, Sarah M. AU - Yen, Nicole K. AU - Zill, Michelle E. AU - Franks, Peter J.S. DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2016.32 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SP - 273-285 ST - Biological impacts of the 2013–2015 warm-water anomaly in the northeast Pacific: Winners, losers, and the future T2 - Oceanography TI - Biological impacts of the 2013–2015 warm-water anomaly in the northeast Pacific: Winners, losers, and the future VL - 29 ID - 23739 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cayan, Daniel AU - Luers, Amy AU - Franco, Guido AU - Hanemann, Michael AU - Croes, Bart AU - Vine, Edward IS - 1 Suppl. PY - 2008 SN - 0165-0009 1573-1480 SP - 1-322 ST - California at a crossroads: Climate change science informing policy T2 - Climatic Change TI - California at a crossroads: Climate change science informing policy UR - https://link.springer.com/journal/10584/87/1/suppl/page/1 VL - 87 ID - 24506 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cayan, Dan AU - Luers, Amy Lynd AU - Hanemann, Michael AU - Franco, Guido AU - Croes, Bart CY - Sacramento, CA NV - CEC-500-2005-186-SF PB - California Energy Commission PY - 2006 SP - 47 ST - Scenarios of Climate Change in California: An Overview T2 - A report from: California Climate Change Center TI - Scenarios of Climate Change in California: An Overview UR - http://www.energy.ca.gov/2005publications/CEC-500-2005-186/CEC-500-2005-186-SF.PDF ID - 24503 ER - TY - JOUR AB - California’s coastal observations and global model projections indicate that California’s open coast and estuaries will experience rising sea levels over the next century. During the last several decades, the upward historical trends, quantified from a small set of California tide gages, have been approximately 20 cm/century, quite similar to that estimated for global mean sea level. In the next several decades, warming produced by climate model simulations indicates that sea level rise (SLR) could substantially exceed the rate experienced during modern human development along the California coast and estuaries. A range of future SLR is estimated from a set of climate simulations governed by lower (B1), middle–upper (A2), and higher (A1fi) GHG emission scenarios. Projecting SLR from the ocean warming in GCMs, observational evidence of SLR, and separate calculations using a simple climate model yields a range of potential sea level increases, from 11 to 72 cm, by the 2070–2099 period. The combination of predicted astronomical tides with projected weather forcing, El Niño related variability, and secular SLR, gives a series of hourly sea level projections for 2005–2100. Gradual sea level rise progressively worsens the impacts of high tides, surge and waves resulting from storms, and also freshwater floods from Sierra and coastal mountain catchments. The occurrence of extreme sea levels is pronounced when these factors coincide. The frequency and magnitude of extreme events, relative to current levels, follows a sharply escalating pattern as the magnitude of future sea level rise increases. AU - Cayan, D.R. AU - Bromirski, P.D. AU - Hayhoe, K. AU - Tyree, M. AU - Dettinger, M.D. AU - Flick, R.E. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-007-9376-7 IS - 1 Supplement KW - Earth and Environmental Science PY - 2008 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 57-73 ST - Climate change projections of sea level extremes along the California coast T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change projections of sea level extremes along the California coast VL - 87 ID - 12842 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Cayan, Daniel R. AU - Moser, Susanne AU - Franco, Guido AU - Hanemann, Michael AU - Jones, Myoung-Ae CY - The Netherlands PB - Springer PY - 2013 SN - 978-94-007-4014-3 978-94-007-4013-6 978-94-007-9198-5 SP - 554 ST - California Climate Scenarios Assessment T2 - Springer Atmospheric Sciences TI - California Climate Scenarios Assessment ID - 24505 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cazenave, Anny AU - Cozannet, Gonéri Le DO - 10.1002/2013EF000188 IS - 2 KW - Ocean warming land ice melt sea level rise regional variability coastal impacts shoreline erosion 1641 Sea level change 1630 Impacts of global change 1807 Climate impacts 4217 Coastal processes 4556 Sea level: variations and mean PY - 2014 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 15-34 ST - Sea level rise and its coastal impacts T2 - Earth's Future TI - Sea level rise and its coastal impacts VL - 2 ID - 25061 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CBO CY - Washington, DC PB - Congressional Budget Office PY - 2015 SN - Publication 49910 SP - 31 ST - Public Spending on Transportation and Water Infrastructure, 1956 to 2014 TI - Public Spending on Transportation and Water Infrastructure, 1956 to 2014 UR - https://www.cbo.gov/publication/49910 ID - 25886 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CBO CY - Washington, DC KW - added by ERG PB - Congressional Budget Office (CBO) PY - 2016 SP - 33 ST - Potential Increases in Hurricane Damage in the United States: Implications for the Federal Budget TI - Potential Increases in Hurricane Damage in the United States: Implications for the Federal Budget UR - https://www.cbo.gov/publication/51518 ID - 23081 ER - TY - CONF AU - CCAP and EESI CY - Washington, DC PB - Center for Clean Air Policy and Environmental and Energy Study Institute PY - 2012 SP - 66 ST - Climate Adaptation & Transportation: Identifying Information and Assistance Needs TI - Climate Adaptation & Transportation: Identifying Information and Assistance Needs UR - http://cakex.org/virtual-library/climate-adaptation-transportation-identifying-information-and-assistance-needs ID - 12850 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CCCCC CY - Belmopan, Belize PB - Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC) PY - 2011 SN - Technical Report 5C/CCCCC-12-03-01 SP - 211 ST - Delivering Transformational Change: The Implementation Plan for the CARICOM "Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change" TI - Delivering Transformational Change: The Implementation Plan for the CARICOM "Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change" UR - https://cdkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/IP_version-verificar-si-final.pdf ID - 25244 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CCCCC CY - Belmopan, Belize PB - Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC) PY - 2015 SP - 188 ST - Impact Assessment and National Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan to Address Climate Change in the Tourism Sector of Saint Lucia. Volumes I and II TI - Impact Assessment and National Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan to Address Climate Change in the Tourism Sector of Saint Lucia. Volumes I and II UR - http://www.climatechange.govt.lc/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Impact-Assessment-National-Adaptation-Strategy-and-Action-Plan-in-Tourism-Sector.pdf ID - 26446 ER - TY - WEB AU - CCHRC CY - Fairbanks, AK PY - 2018 ST - Cold Climate Housing Research Center [web site] TI - Cold Climate Housing Research Center [web site] UR - http://cchrc.org/programs ID - 25840 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Karl, Thomas R. A2 - Hassol, Susan J. A2 - Miller, Christopher D. A2 - Murray, William L. AU - CCSP C4 - f135add4-6d4c-4d88-a8f1-b880dbf5334f CY - Washington, DC PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2006 SP - 164 ST - Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere: Steps for Understanding and Reconciling Differences. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research T2 - Synthesis and Assessment Product 1.1 TI - Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere: Steps for Understanding and Reconciling Differences. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research UR - http://www.globalchange.gov/browse/reports/sap-11-temperature-trends-lower-atmosphere-steps-understanding-reconciling ID - 20783 ER - TY - BOOK A3 - Backlund, P. A2 - Janetos, A. A2 - Schimel, D. A2 - Hatfield, J. A2 - Boote, K. A2 - Fay, P. A2 - Hahn, L. A2 - Izaurralde, C. A2 - Kimball, B. A. A2 - Mader, T. A2 - Morgan, J. A2 - Ort, D. A2 - Polley, W. A2 - Thomson, A. A2 - Wolfe, D. A2 - Ryan, M. A2 - Archer, S. A2 - Birdsey, R. A2 - Dahm, C. A2 - Heath, L. A2 - Hicke, J. A2 - Hollinger, D. A2 - Huxman, T. A2 - Okin, G. A2 - Oren, R. A2 - Randerson, J. A2 - Schlesinger, W. A2 - Lettenmaier, D. A2 - Major, D. A2 - Poff, L. A2 - Running, S. A2 - Hansen, L. A2 - Inouye, D. A2 - Kelly, B.P. A2 - Meyerson, L. A2 - Peterson, b. A2 - Shaw, R. AU - CCSP C4 - 76db17ce-354b-4f0c-ad10-3e701c0387fc CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2008 SP - 362 ST - The Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture, Land Resources, Water Resources, and Biodiversity. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research TI - The Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture, Land Resources, Water Resources, and Biodiversity. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research UR - http://downloads.globalchange.gov/sap/sap4-3/sap4.3-final-all.pdf ID - 12858 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Savonis, M.J. A2 - Burkett, V.R. A2 - Potter, J.R. AU - CCSP C6 - NCA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Transportation PY - 2008 SP - 445 ST - Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Transportation Systems and Infrastructure: Gulf Study, Phase I. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research TI - Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Transportation Systems and Infrastructure: Gulf Study, Phase I. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research UR - http://downloads.globalchange.gov/sap/sap4-7/sap4-7-final-all.pdf ID - 12859 ER - TY - BOOK A3 - Wilbanks, T. J. A2 - Bhatt, V. A2 - Bilello, D. E. A2 - Bull, S.R. A2 - Ekmann, J. A2 - Horak, W.C. A2 - Huang, Y.J. A2 - Levine, M.D. A2 - Sale, M.J. A2 - Schmalzer, D.K. A2 - Scott, M.J. AU - CCSP C4 - bfcd7b78-2ac7-49ae-a72a-36701da3381b CY - Washington, DC PB - Department of Energy, Office of Biological & Environmental Research PY - 2008 SP - 160 ST - Effects of Climate Change on Energy Production and Use in the United States. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research TI - Effects of Climate Change on Energy Production and Use in the United States. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research UR - https://www.globalchange.gov/browse/reports/sap-45-effects-climate-change-energy-production-and-use-united-states ID - 12862 ER - TY - BOOK A3 - Titus, James G. A2 - Anderson, K. Eric A2 - Cahoon, Donald R. A2 - Gesch, Dean B. A2 - Gill, Stephen K. A2 - Gutierrez, Benjamin T. A2 - Thieler, E. Robert A2 - Williams, S. Jeffress AU - CCSP C4 - 1bc74f07-688c-482c-a923-483f5d3de8b5 CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2009 SN - 978-0160830860 SP - 320 ST - Coastal Sensitivity to Sea-Level Rise: A Focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research TI - Coastal Sensitivity to Sea-Level Rise: A Focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research UR - http://downloads.globalchange.gov/sap/sap4-1/sap4-1-final-report-all.pdf ID - 12863 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Workers employed in outdoor occupations such as farming are exposed to hot and humid environments that put them at risk for heat-related illness or death. This report describes one such death and summarizes heat-related fatalities among crop production workers in the United States during 1992--2006. During this 15-year period, 423 workers in agricultural and nonagricultural industries were reported to have died from exposure to environmental heat; 68 (16%) of these workers were engaged in crop production or support activities for crop production. The heat-related average annual death rate for these crop workers was 0.39 per 100,000 workers, compared with 0.02 for all U.S. civilian workers. Data aggregated into 5-year periods indicated that heat-related death rates among crop workers might be increasing; however, trend analysis did not indicate a statistically significant increase. Prevention of heat-related deaths among crop workers requires educating employers and workers on the hazards of working in hot environments, including recognition of heat-related illness symptoms, and implementing appropriate heat stress management measures. AU - CDC DA - Jun 20 IS - 24 KW - Adult Agriculture/*statistics & numerical data Female Heat Stress Disorders/*mortality Humans Male Middle Aged Occupational Diseases/*mortality United States/epidemiology N1 - Ch9 PY - 2008 SN - 1545-861X (Electronic) 0149-2195 (Linking) SP - 649-653 ST - Heat-related deaths among crop workers—United States, 1992–2006 T2 - MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report TI - Heat-related deaths among crop workers—United States, 1992–2006 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566563 VL - 57 ID - 16418 ER - TY - WEB AU - CDC CY - Atlanta, GA PB - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) PY - 2015 ST - CDC's Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE) Framework [web site] TI - CDC's Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE) Framework [web site] UR - https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/BRACE.htm ID - 26277 ER - TY - WEB AU - CDC CY - Atlanta, GA PB - U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) PY - 2017 ST - Hantavirus Disease, by State of Reporting TI - Hantavirus Disease, by State of Reporting UR - https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/surveillance/reporting-state.html ID - 23299 ER - TY - WEB AU - CDC CY - Atlanta, GA PB - U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PY - 2017 ST - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Statistics and Epidemiology TI - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Statistics and Epidemiology UR - https://www.cdc.gov/rmsf/stats/index.html ID - 23300 ER - TY - WEB AU - CDC CY - Atlanta, GA PB - U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PY - 2017 ST - Leptospirosis: Risk of Exposure TI - Leptospirosis: Risk of Exposure UR - https://www.cdc.gov/leptospirosis/exposure/index.html ID - 23301 ER - TY - WEB AU - CDC CY - Atlanta, GA PB - U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PY - 2017 ST - West Nile Virus: Final Cumulative Maps & Data for 1999-2016 TI - West Nile Virus: Final Cumulative Maps & Data for 1999-2016 UR - https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/cumMapsData.html ID - 23302 ER - TY - WEB AU - CDC CY - Atlanta, GA PB - U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PY - 2017 ST - Chikungunya Virus in the United States TI - Chikungunya Virus in the United States UR - https://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/geo/united-states.html ID - 23303 ER - TY - WEB AU - CDC CY - Atlanta, GA PB - U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PY - 2017 ST - Advice for People Living in or Traveling to Brownsville, Texas TI - Advice for People Living in or Traveling to Brownsville, Texas UR - https://www.cdc.gov/zika/intheus/texas-update.html ID - 23304 ER - TY - WEB AU - CDC CY - Atlanta, GA PB - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics PY - 2017 ST - Stats of the States [web site] TI - Stats of the States [web site] UR - https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/stats_of_the_states.htm ID - 23961 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CDM Smith CY - Honolulu, HI PB - Honolulu Board of Water Supply PY - 2016 SP - various ST - 2016 Water Master Plan TI - 2016 Water Master Plan UR - http://www.boardofwatersupply.com/bws/media/files/water-master-plan-final-2016-10.pdf ID - 22451 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CDP CY - New York NV - CDP Report 2015 v.1.2 PB - CDP North America PY - 2015 SP - 66 ST - Putting a Price on Risk: Carbon Pricing in the Corporate World TI - Putting a Price on Risk: Carbon Pricing in the Corporate World UR - https://www.oceanfdn.org/sites/default/files/CDP%20Carbon%20Pricing%20in%20the%20corporate%20world.compressed.pdf ID - 24504 ER - TY - WEB AU - CDP CY - [worldwide] PB - CDP PY - 2017 ST - CDP web site TI - CDP web site UR - https://www.cdp.net/en ID - 24508 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cecchi, L. AU - D’Amato, G. AU - Ayres, J. G. AU - Galan, C. AU - Forastiere, F. AU - Forsberg, B. AU - Gerritsen, J. AU - Nunes, C. AU - Behrendt, H. AU - Akdis, C. AU - Dahl, R. AU - Annesi-Maesano, I. DO - 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02423.x PY - 2010 SN - 01054538 13989995 SP - 1073-1081 ST - Projections of the effects of climate change on allergic asthma: The contribution of aerobiology T2 - Allergy TI - Projections of the effects of climate change on allergic asthma: The contribution of aerobiology VL - 65 ID - 18820 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CEHI CY - Castries, St. Lucia PB - Caribbean Environmental Health Institute (CEHI) PY - 2006 SP - 38 ST - A Programme for Promoting Rainwater Harvesting in the Caribbean Region TI - A Programme for Promoting Rainwater Harvesting in the Caribbean Region UR - http://www.caribbeanrainwaterharvestingtoolbox.com/Media/Print/Programme%20to%20Promote%20RWH%20in%20the%20Cabbean%20Region.pdf ID - 25076 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CEHI CY - Castries, St. Lucia PB - Caribbean Environmental Health Institute (CEHI) for the United National Envrionment Programme (UNEP) PY - 2009 SP - 55 ST - Rainwater: Catch It While You Can. A Handbook on Rainwater Harvesting in the Caribbean TI - Rainwater: Catch It While You Can. A Handbook on Rainwater Harvesting in the Caribbean UR - https://www.caribank.org/uploads/2013/08/em-rainwater-handbook-caribbean.pdf ID - 25109 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CENR CY - Washington DC PB - National Science and Technology Council, Committee on Environment and National Resources PY - 2000 SP - 58 ST - Integrated Assessment of Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico TI - Integrated Assessment of Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-06/documents/hypoxia_integrated_assessment_final.pdf ID - 25515 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CENR C6 - NCA CY - Washington, DC PB - Committee on Environment and Natural Resources PY - 2010 SP - 154 ST - Scientific Assessment of Hypoxia in U.S. Coastal Waters. Interagency Working Group on Harmful Algal Blooms, Hypoxia, and Human Health of the Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology TI - Scientific Assessment of Hypoxia in U.S. Coastal Waters. Interagency Working Group on Harmful Algal Blooms, Hypoxia, and Human Health of the Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology UR - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/hypoxia-report.pdf ID - 12873 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Census Bureau M1 - March 26 PB - U.S. Census Brueau PY - 2015 SE - CB15-56 ST - Press release: New Census Bureau Population Estimates Reveal Metro Areas and Counties That Propelled Growth in Florida and the Nation T2 - Census Newsroom TI - Press release: New Census Bureau Population Estimates Reveal Metro Areas and Counties That Propelled Growth in Florida and the Nation UR - https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2015/cb15-56.html ID - 24451 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Census Bureau M1 - March 23 PB - U.S. Census Bureau PY - 2017 ST - Press kit: County and Metro Area Population T2 - Census Newsroom TI - Press kit: County and Metro Area Population UR - https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-kits/2017/20170323_popestimates.html ID - 24450 ER - TY - WEB AU - Census Bureau PB - U.S. Census Bureau PY - 2017 ST - County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2010-2016 TI - County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2010-2016 UR - https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/2016/demo/popest/counties-total.html ID - 24452 ER - TY - WEB AU - Census Bureau M1 - May 17 PB - U.S. Census Bureau PY - 2017 ST - Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) [web site] TI - Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) [web site] UR - https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/asm.html ID - 26305 ER - TY - WEB AU - Center for Climate & Security CY - Washington, DC PB - Center for Climate & Security PY - 2017 ST - U.S. Government, Defense Resource Hub [web site] TI - U.S. Government, Defense Resource Hub [web site] UR - https://climateandsecurity.org/resources/u-s-government/defense/ ID - 24164 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Hawai'i's coral reef ecosystems provide many goods and services to coastal populations, such as fisheries and tourism. They also form a unique natural ecosystem, with an important biodiversity value as well as scientific and educational value. Also, coral reefs form a natural protection against wave erosion. Without even attempting to measure their intrinsic value, this paper shows that coral reefs, if properly managed, contribute enormously to the welfare of Hawai'i through a variety of quantifiable benefits. Net benefits are estimated at $360 million a year for Hawai'i's economy, and the overall asset value of the state of Hawai'i's 1660 km2 (410,000 acres) of potential reef area in the main Hawaiian Islands is estimated at nearly $10 billion. AU - Cesar, H.S.J. AU - van Beukering, P.J.H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1353/psc.2004.0014 IS - 2 N1 - University of Hawaii Press PY - 2004 SN - 00030-8870 SP - 231-242 ST - Economic valuation of the coral reefs of Hawai‘i T2 - Pacific Science TI - Economic valuation of the coral reefs of Hawai‘i VL - 58 ID - 12879 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CFMC CY - San Juan, PR, and St. Petersburg, FL PB - Caribbean Fishery Management Council (CFMC) and NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service PY - 2015 SP - 122 ST - Comprehensive Amendment to the U.S. Caribbean Fishery Management Plans: Application of Accountability Measures (Including draft environmental assessment, regulatory impact review, regulatory flexibility act analysis, and fishery impact statement), Version 3.1 TI - Comprehensive Amendment to the U.S. Caribbean Fishery Management Plans: Application of Accountability Measures (Including draft environmental assessment, regulatory impact review, regulatory flexibility act analysis, and fishery impact statement), Version 3.1 UR - http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/sustainable_fisheries/caribbean/generic/accountability_measures/documents/pdfs/carib_comp_am_amendment_draft_ea_nov15.pdf ID - 25255 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chadburn, S. E. AU - Burke, E. J. AU - Cox, P. M. AU - Friedlingstein, P. AU - Hugelius, G. AU - Westermann, S. DA - 04/10/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3262 M3 - Letter PY - 2017 SN - 1758-6798 SP - 340-344 ST - An observation-based constraint on permafrost loss as a function of global warming T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - An observation-based constraint on permafrost loss as a function of global warming VL - 7 ID - 20787 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Agriculture consumes more than two thirds of the total freshwater of the planet. This issue causes substantial conflict in freshwater allocation between agriculture and other economic sectors. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is key technology because it helps to improve water use efficiency. Nonetheless, there is a lack of understanding of the mechanisms with which plants respond to RDI. In particular, little is known about how RDI might increase crop production while reducing the amount of irrigation water in real-world agriculture. In this review, we found that RDI is largely implemented through three approaches: (1) growth stage-based deficit irrigation, (2) partial root-zone irrigation, and (3) subsurface dripper irrigation. Among these, partial root-zone irrigation is the most popular and effective because many field crops and some woody crops can save irrigation water up to 20 to 30 % without or with a minimal impact on crop yield. Improved water use efficiency with RDI is mainly due to the following: (1) enhanced guard cell signal transduction network that decreases transpiration water loss, (2) optimized stomatal control that improves the photosynthesis to transpiration ratio, and (3) decreased evaporative surface areas with partial root-zone irrigation that reduces soil evaporation. The mechanisms involved in the plant response to RDI-induced water stress include the morphological traits, e.g., increased root to shoot ratio and improved nutrient uptake and recovery; physiological traits, e.g., stomatal closure, decreased leaf respiration, and maintained photosynthesis; and biochemical traits, e.g., increased signaling molecules and enhanced antioxidation enzymatic activity. AU - Chai, Qiang AU - Gan, Yantai AU - Zhao, Cai AU - Xu, Hui-Lian AU - Waskom, Reagan M. AU - Niu, Yining AU - Siddique, Kadambot H. M. DA - December 18 DO - 10.1007/s13593-015-0338-6 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1773-0155 SP - 3 ST - Regulated deficit irrigation for crop production under drought stress. A review T2 - Agronomy for Sustainable Development TI - Regulated deficit irrigation for crop production under drought stress. A review VL - 36 ID - 25592 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chakraborty, S. AU - Newton, A.C. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02411.x IS - 1 PY - 2011 SN - 1365-3059 SP - 2-14 ST - Climate change, plant diseases and food security: An overview T2 - Plant Pathology TI - Climate change, plant diseases and food security: An overview VL - 60 ID - 12880 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Challinor, A. J. AU - Watson, J. AU - Lobell, D. B. AU - Howden, S. M. AU - Smith, D. R. AU - Chhetri, N. DA - 04//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2153 IS - 4 M3 - Letter PY - 2014 SN - 1758-678X SP - 287-291 ST - A meta-analysis of crop yield under climate change and adaptation T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - A meta-analysis of crop yield under climate change and adaptation VL - 4 ID - 20341 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Evaluating global mean sea level (GMSL) in terms of its components—mass and steric—is useful for both quantifying the accuracy of the measurements and understanding the processes that contribute to GMSL rise. In this paper, we review the GMSL budget over two periods—1993 to 2014 and 2005 to 2014—using multiple data sets of both total GMSL and the components (mass and steric). In addition to comparing linear trends, we also compare the level of agreement of the time series. For the longer period (1993–2014), we find closure in terms of the long-term trend but not for year-to-year variations, consistent with other studies. This is due to the lack of sufficient estimates of the amount of natural water mass cycling between the oceans and hydrosphere. For the more recent period (2005–2014), we find closure in both the long-term trend and for month-to-month variations. This is also consistent with previous studies. AU - Chambers, Don P. AU - Cazenave, Anny AU - Champollion, Nicolas AU - Dieng, Habib AU - Llovel, William AU - Forsberg, Rene AU - von Schuckmann, Karina AU - Wada, Yoshihide DO - 10.1007/s10712-016-9381-3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-0956 SP - 309–327 ST - Evaluation of the global mean sea level budget between 1993 and 2014 T2 - Surveys in Geophysics TI - Evaluation of the global mean sea level budget between 1993 and 2014 VL - 38 ID - 20312 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Chambwera, M. AU - Heal, G. AU - Dubeux, C. AU - Hallegatte, S. AU - Leclerc, L. AU - Markandya, A. AU - McCarl, B. A. AU - Mechler, R. AU - Neumann, J. E. C4 - 76d1846f-82d5-454b-974b-9a51954a05da CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 17 SP - 945-977 ST - Economics of adaptation T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Economics of adaptation ID - 17673 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chan, Alisha Y. AU - Hopkins, Kristina G. DO - 10.1061/JSWBAY.0000827 IS - 3 KW - NEW adaptation green infrastructure social vulnerability PY - 2017 SP - 05017002 ST - Associations between sociodemographics and green infrastructure placement in Portland, Oregon T2 - Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment TI - Associations between sociodemographics and green infrastructure placement in Portland, Oregon VL - 3 ID - 22716 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The near-term progression of ocean acidification (OA) is projected to bring about sharp changes in the chemistry of coastal upwelling ecosystems. The distribution of OA exposure across these early-impact systems, however, is highly uncertain and limits our understanding of whether and how spatial management actions can be deployed to ameliorate future impacts. Through a novel coastal OA observing network, we have uncovered a remarkably persistent spatial mosaic in the penetration of acidified waters into ecologically-important nearshore habitats across 1,000 km of the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. In the most severe exposure hotspots, suboptimal conditions for calcifying organisms encompassed up to 56% of the summer season, and were accompanied by some of the lowest and most variable pH environments known for the surface ocean. Persistent refuge areas were also found, highlighting new opportunities for local adaptation to address the global challenge of OA in productive coastal systems. AU - Chan, F. AU - Barth, J. A. AU - Blanchette, C. A. AU - Byrne, R. H. AU - Chavez, F. AU - Cheriton, O. AU - Feely, R. A. AU - Friederich, G. AU - Gaylord, B. AU - Gouhier, T. AU - Hacker, S. AU - Hill, T. AU - Hofmann, G. AU - McManus, M. A. AU - Menge, B. A. AU - Nielsen, K. J. AU - Russell, A. AU - Sanford, E. AU - Sevadjian, J. AU - Washburn, L. DA - 2017/05/31 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-02777-y IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 2526 ST - Persistent spatial structuring of coastal ocean acidification in the California Current System T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Persistent spatial structuring of coastal ocean acidification in the California Current System VL - 7 ID - 23671 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Chan, F (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA AU - Chan, F. AU - Barth, J.A. AU - Lubchenco, J. AU - Kirincich, A. AU - Weeks, H. AU - Peterson, W.T. AU - Menge, B.A. C6 - NCA DA - FEB 15 2008 DO - 10.1126/science.1149016 IS - 5865 KW - HYPOXIA LA - English PY - 2008 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 920 ST - Emergence of anoxia in the California Current large marine ecosystem T2 - Science TI - Emergence of anoxia in the California Current large marine ecosystem VL - 319 ID - 12883 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chan, Hing Man AU - Fediuk, Karen AU - Hamilton, Sue AU - Rostas, Laura AU - Caughey, Amy AU - Kuhnlein, Harriet AU - Egeland, Grace AU - Loring, Eric DA - 2006/12/01 DO - 10.3402/ijch.v65i5.18132 IS - 5 PY - 2006 SN - null SP - 416-431 ST - Food security in Nunavut, Canada: Barriers and recommendations T2 - International Journal of Circumpolar Health TI - Food security in Nunavut, Canada: Barriers and recommendations VL - 65 ID - 25829 ER - TY - RPRT AB - There is extensive research documenting the economic consequences of climate change, yet our understanding of climate impacts on nonmarket activities remains incomplete. Here, we investigate the effect of weather on leisure demand. Using data from 27 million bicycle trips in 16 North American cities, we estimate how outdoor recreation responds to daily weather fluctuations. Combining these estimates with time-use survey data and climate projections, we project annual surplus gains of $894 million from climate-induced cycling by mid-century. Extrapolating to a broad measure of outdoor recreation, our back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest climate-induced benefits of $20.7 billion per year. AU - Chan, Nathan W. AU - Wichman, Casey J. CY - Washington, DC DA - 2017/12/05/ LA - en PB - Resources for the Future PY - 2017 SN - WP 17-20 SP - 47 ST - The Effects of Climate on Leisure Demand: Evidence from North America TI - The Effects of Climate on Leisure Demand: Evidence from North America UR - http://www.rff.org/research/publications/effects-climate-leisure-demand-evidence-north-america Y2 - 2018/05/29/ ID - 25738 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chang, Howard H. AU - Hao, Hua AU - Sarnat, Stefanie Ebelt DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.037 N1 - Ch3 PY - 2014 SN - 13522310 SP - 290-297 ST - A statistical modeling framework for projecting future ambient ozone and its health impact due to climate change T2 - Atmospheric Environment TI - A statistical modeling framework for projecting future ambient ozone and its health impact due to climate change VL - 89 ID - 16102 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Chang, Judy W. AU - Aydin, Mariko Geronimo AU - Pfeifenberger, Johannes AU - Spees, Kathleen AU - Pedtke, John Imon CY - Boston, MA PB - The Brattle Group PY - 2017 SP - 35 ST - Advancing Past “Baseload” to a Flexible Grid: How Grid Planners and Power Markets Are Better Defining System Needs to Achieve a Cost-Effective and Reliable Supply Mix TI - Advancing Past “Baseload” to a Flexible Grid: How Grid Planners and Power Markets Are Better Defining System Needs to Achieve a Cost-Effective and Reliable Supply Mix UR - http://files.brattle.com/system/publications/pdfs/000/005/456/original/advancing_past_baseload_to_a_flexible_grid.pdf?1498482432 ID - 25445 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Changnon, Stanley IS - 3-4 PY - 2009 SP - 181-190 ST - Impacts of the 2008 floods on railroads in Illinois and adjacent states T2 - Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science TI - Impacts of the 2008 floods on railroads in Illinois and adjacent states UR - http://ilacadofsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/102-17MS2819-print.pdf VL - 102 ID - 21296 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chapin, F. S. AU - Knapp, C. N. AU - Brinkman, T. J. AU - Bronen, R. AU - Cochran, P. DA - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.cosust.2015.12.008 PY - 2016 SP - 67-75 ST - Community-empowered adaptation for self-reliance T2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability TI - Community-empowered adaptation for self-reliance VL - 19 ID - 22185 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Chapin III, F. Stuart AU - Trainor, Sarah F. AU - Cochran, Patricia AU - Huntington, Henry AU - Markon, Carl AU - McCammon, Molly AU - McGuire, A. David AU - Serreze, Mark C4 - b4c35080-10d4-4113-95d7-82a9dc473f45 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J00Z7150 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 514-536 ST - Ch. 22: Alaska T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 22: Alaska ID - 12892 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chapman, Scott C. AU - Chakraborty, Sukumar AU - Dreccer, M. Fernanda AU - Howden, S. Mark DA - 2012/05/28 DO - 10.1071/CP11303 IS - 3 PY - 2012 SN - 1836-0947 SP - 251-268 ST - Plant adaptation to climate change—Opportunities and priorities in breeding T2 - Crop and Pasture Science TI - Plant adaptation to climate change—Opportunities and priorities in breeding VL - 63 Y2 - 2018/05/16 ID - 25591 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chapra, Steven C. AU - Boehlert, Brent AU - Fant, Charles AU - Bierman, Victor J. AU - Henderson, Jim AU - Mills, David AU - Mas, Diane M. L. AU - Rennels, Lisa AU - Jantarasami, Lesley AU - Martinich, Jeremy AU - Strzepek, Kenneth M. AU - Paerl, Hans W. DA - 2017/08/15 DO - 10.1021/acs.est.7b01498 IS - 16 PY - 2017 SN - 0013-936X SP - 8933-8943 ST - Climate change impacts on harmful algal blooms in U.S. freshwaters: A screening-level assessment T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Climate change impacts on harmful algal blooms in U.S. freshwaters: A screening-level assessment VL - 51 ID - 21473 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Charles E. Nash and Associates AU - Duffy, John CY - Palmer, AK PB - Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Department of Planning PY - 1997 SP - various ST - Miller's Reach Fire Strategic Economic Recovery Plan: Final Revised Plan TI - Miller's Reach Fire Strategic Economic Recovery Plan: Final Revised Plan ID - 22360 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Charleston Resilience Network CY - Charleston, SC KW - added by ERG; Charleston PB - Charleston Resilience Network PY - 2016 SP - 53 ST - Understanding the October 2015 Charleston Floods: A Symposium Report TI - Understanding the October 2015 Charleston Floods: A Symposium Report UR - http://www.charlestonresilience.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/CRN_Flood_Symposium_Report-_FINAL.pdf ID - 23131 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Observed streamflow and climate data are used to test the hypothesis that climate change is already affecting Rio Grande streamflow volume derived from snowmelt runoff in ways consistent with model-based projections of 21st-Century streamflow. Annual and monthly changes in streamflow volume and surface climate variables on the Upper Rio Grande, near its headwaters in southern Colorado, are assessed for water years 1958–2015. Results indicate winter and spring season temperatures in the basin have increased significantly, April 1 snow water equivalent (SWE) has decreased by approximately 25%, and streamflow has declined slightly in the April–July snowmelt runoff season. Small increases in precipitation have reduced the impact of declining snowpack on trends in streamflow. Changes in the snowpack–runoff relationship are noticeable in hydrographs of mean monthly streamflow, but are most apparent in the changing ratios of precipitation (rain + snow, and SWE) to streamflow and in the declining fraction of runoff attributable to snowpack or winter precipitation. The observed changes provide observational confirmation for model projections of decreasing runoff attributable to snowpack, and demonstrate the decreasing utility of snowpack for predicting subsequent streamflow on a seasonal basis in the Upper Rio Grande Basin. AU - Chavarria, Shaleene B. AU - Gutzler, David S. DO - 10.1111/1752-1688.12640 IS - 3 PY - 2018 SP - 644-659 ST - Observed changes in climate and streamflow in the Upper Rio Grande basin T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - Observed changes in climate and streamflow in the Upper Rio Grande basin VL - 54 ID - 25961 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chavez, Erik AU - Conway, Gordon AU - Ghil, Michael AU - Sadler, Marc DA - 08/03/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2747 PY - 2015 SP - 997-1001 ST - An end-to-end assessment of extreme weather impacts on food security T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - An end-to-end assessment of extreme weather impacts on food security VL - 5 ID - 23509 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Chavez, Francisco P. AU - Costello, Christopher AU - Aseltine-Neilson, Debbie AU - Doremus, Holly AU - Field, John C. AU - Gaines, Steve D. AU - Hall-Arber, Madeleine AU - Mantua, Nathan J. AU - Pomeroy, Carrie AU - Sievanen, Leila AU - Sydeman, William AU - Wayne-McCovey, Barry AU - Wheeler, Sarah A. CY - Oakland, CA N1 - Broader web site: http://www.oceansciencetrust.org/projects/climate-change-and-california-fisheries/ PB - California Ocean Science Trust PY - 2017 RP - Broader web site: http://www.oceansciencetrust.org/projects/climate-change-and-california-fisheries/ SP - 58 ST - Readying California Fisheries for Climate Change TI - Readying California Fisheries for Climate Change UR - http://www.oceansciencetrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Climate-and-Fisheries_GuidanceDoc.pdf ID - 23960 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Whooping crane (Grus americana), a rare and critically endangered species, are wetland dependent throughout their life cycle. The whooping crane’s small population size, limited distribution, and wetland habitat requirements make them vulnerable to potential climate changes. Climate change predictions suggest overall temperature increases and significant changes in precipitation regimes throughout North America. At the individual level, temperature changes should have neutral to positive effects on thermoregulation and overall energy expenditure throughout the whooping crane’s range. In the breeding grounds, earlier snow melt and increasing temperatures should improve food resources. However, increased precipitation and more extreme rainfall events could impact chick survival if rainfall occurs during hatching. Increased precipitation may also alter fire regimes leading to increased woody plant abundance thus reducing nesting habitat quality. During winter, higher temperatures will lead to a northward shifting of the freeze line, which will decrease habitat quality via invasion of black mangrove. Large portions of current winter habitat may be lost if predicted sea level changes occur. Stopover wetland availability during migration may decrease due to drier conditions in the Great Plains. Current and future conservation actions should be planned in light of not only current needs but also considering future expectations. AU - Chavez-Ramirez, Felipe AU - Wehtje, Walter DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s13157-011-0250-z IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1943-6246 SP - 11-20 ST - Potential impact of climate change scenarios on whooping crane life history T2 - Wetlands TI - Potential impact of climate change scenarios on whooping crane life history VL - 32 ID - 24301 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cheaib, Alissar AU - Badeau, Vincent AU - Boe, Julien AU - Chuine, Isabelle AU - Delire, Christine AU - Dufrêne, Eric AU - François, Christophe AU - Gritti, Emmanuel S AU - Legay, Myriam AU - Pagé, Christian DO - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01764.x IS - 6 PY - 2012 SN - 1461-0248 SP - 533-544 ST - Climate change impacts on tree ranges: Model intercomparison facilitates understanding and quantification of uncertainty T2 - Ecology Letters TI - Climate change impacts on tree ranges: Model intercomparison facilitates understanding and quantification of uncertainty VL - 15 ID - 22567 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, B. AU - Wang, J. AU - Wang, L. AU - He, Y. AU - Wang, Z. DO - 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2313841 IS - 6 KW - minimax techniques power transmission planning climate change pressure generation expansion load growth minimax cost approach minimax regret approach policy changes power industry deregulation renewable energy penetration robust optimization paradigm transmission expansion planning trilevel optimization problems two-layer algorithm Load modeling Optimization Power generation planning Robustness Uncertainty Generation retirement minimax cost minimax regret robust optimization PY - 2014 SN - 0885-8950 SP - 3069-3077 ST - Robust optimization for transmission expansion planning: Minimax cost vs. minimax regret T2 - IEEE Transactions on Power Systems TI - Robust optimization for transmission expansion planning: Minimax cost vs. minimax regret VL - 29 ID - 25426 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Urban areas are increasingly seen as having distinct need for climate adaptation. Further, as resources are limited, it is essential to prioritize adaptation actions. At the municipal scale, we suggest that priorities be placed where there is a gap between adaption need and existing adaptation effort. Taking Seattle, USA, as an example, we present this gap in terms of four categories of adaptation options (no-regret, primary, secondary, and tertiary) for the three primary urban hazards—flooding, heat wave, and drought. To do so, we first establish current adaptation need by identifying and categorizing adaptation options. Next, we consider for each option the number of hazards addressed and benefit to and beyond climate adaptation, the projected magnitude of the hazards addressed, the projection’s uncertainty, and the required scale and irreversibility of investment. Third, we assessed Seattle’s current adaptation efforts by reviewing adaptation plans and related materials. Finally, we identify the distance or “gap” as the proportion of adaptation options not identified by existing adaptation plans. For Seattle, we categorized seven options as no-regret adaptation, five as primary, two as secondary, and three as tertiary. Each level’s adaptation gap highlights significant opportunities to take steps to reduce climate risks in key areas. AU - Chen, Chen AU - Doherty, Meghan AU - Coffee, Joyce AU - Wong, Theodore AU - Hellmann, Jessica DA - 12// DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.05.007 KW - NEW adaptation cities PY - 2016 SN - 1462-9011 SP - 403-419 ST - Measuring the adaptation gap: A framework for evaluating climate hazards and opportunities in urban areas T2 - Environmental Science & Policy TI - Measuring the adaptation gap: A framework for evaluating climate hazards and opportunities in urban areas VL - 66 ID - 22717 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Canadian prairie provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta have reported the highest human incidence of clinical cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in Canada. The primary vector for WVN in this region is the mosquito Culex tarsalis. This study used constructed models and biological thresholds to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of Cx. tarsalis and WNV infection rate in the prairie provinces under a range of potential future climate and habitat conditions. We selected one median and two extreme outcome scenarios to represent future climate conditions in the 2020 (2010-2039), 2050 (2040-2069) and 2080 (2070-2099) time slices. In currently endemic regions, the projected WNV infection rate under the median outcome scenario in 2050 raised 17.91 times (ranged from 1.29-27.45 times for all scenarios and time slices) comparing to current climate conditions. Seasonal availability of Cx. tarsalis infected with WNV extended from June to August to include May and September. Moreover, our models predicted northward range expansion for Cx. tarsalis (1.06-2.56 times the current geographic area) and WNV (1.08-2.34 times the current geographic area). These findings predict future public and animal health risk of WNV in the Canadian prairie provinces. AU - Chen, C. C. AU - Jenkins, E. AU - Epp, T. AU - Waldner, C. AU - Curry, P. S. AU - Soos, C. C6 - NIEHS DA - Jul DB - DO - 10.3390/ijerph10073052 DP - CCII Web of Science IS - 7 KW - West Nile virus Culex tarsalis climate change Canadian prairies spatial and temporal distribution habitat culex-tarsalis diptera infectious-diseases vector-borne boreal forest culicidae california canada risk transmission temperature LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Times Cited: 0 Chen, Chen C. Jenkins, Emily Epp, Tasha Waldner, Cheryl Curry, Philip S. Soos, Catherine Pilot Infectious Disease Impact and Response System (PIDIRS)/program of Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) We thank the Pilot Infectious Disease Impact and Response System (PIDIRS)/program of Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) for their funding support, and Environment Canada (climate) and Public Health Division of Manitoba Health (mosquito) for providing data. Mdpi ag Basel PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1660-4601 SP - 3052-3071 ST - Climate change and West Nile virus in a highly endemic region of North America T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Climate change and West Nile virus in a highly endemic region of North America VL - 10 ID - 4219 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, Guangcheng AU - Azkab, Muhammad Husni AU - Chmura, Gail L. AU - Chen, Shunyang AU - Sastrosuwondo, Pramudji AU - Ma, Zhiyuan AU - Dharmawan, I. Wayan Eka AU - Yin, Xijie AU - Chen, Bin DA - 02/10/online DO - 10.1038/srep42406 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 42406 ST - Mangroves as a major source of soil carbon storage in adjacent seagrass meadows T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Mangroves as a major source of soil carbon storage in adjacent seagrass meadows VL - 7 ID - 26471 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, I-Ching AU - Hill, Jane K. AU - Ohlemüller, Ralf AU - Roy, David B. AU - Thomas, Chris D. C6 - NCA DA - August 19, 2011 DO - 10.1126/science.1206432 IS - 6045 PY - 2011 SP - 1024-1026 ST - Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming T2 - Science TI - Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming VL - 333 ID - 12896 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, J. AU - Avise, J. AU - Lamb, B. AU - Salathé, E. AU - Mass, C. AU - Guenther, A. AU - Wiedinmyer, C. AU - Lamarque, J. F. AU - O'Neill, S. AU - McKenzie, D. AU - Larkin, N. DO - 10.5194/acp-9-1125-2009 IS - 4 N1 - ACP PY - 2009 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 1125-1141 ST - The effects of global changes upon regional ozone pollution in the United States T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - The effects of global changes upon regional ozone pollution in the United States VL - 9 ID - 25132 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, Ke AU - Gawarkiewicz, Glen AU - Kwon, Young-Oh AU - Zhang, Weifeng G. DO - 10.1002/2014JC010547 IS - 6 KW - extreme temperature heat budget Northeast U.S. coastal ocean numerical modeling air-sea interaction climate change 4215 Climate and interannual variability 4219 Continental shelf and slope processes 4255 Numerical modeling 4504 Air/sea interactions 4313 Extreme events PY - 2015 SN - 2169-9291 SP - 4324-4339 ST - The role of atmospheric forcing versus ocean advection during the extreme warming of the Northeast U.S. continental shelf in 2012 T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans TI - The role of atmospheric forcing versus ocean advection during the extreme warming of the Northeast U.S. continental shelf in 2012 VL - 120 ID - 21850 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, Ke AU - Gawarkiewicz, Glen G. AU - Lentz, Steven J. AU - Bane, John M. DO - 10.1002/2013JC009393 IS - 1 KW - 2012 warming warm anomaly Northeastern U.S. Coastal Ocean the jet stream 4217 Coastal processes 4219 Continental shelf and slope processes 4215 Climate and interannual variability 1637 Regional climate change 4504 Air/sea interactions PY - 2014 SN - 2169-9291 SP - 218-227 ST - Diagnosing the warming of the northeastern U.S. coastal ocean in 2012: A linkage between the atmospheric jet stream variability and ocean response T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans TI - Diagnosing the warming of the northeastern U.S. coastal ocean in 2012: A linkage between the atmospheric jet stream variability and ocean response VL - 119 ID - 21851 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Recent epidemiological studies investigating the modifying effect of air temperature in ozone–mortality associations lack consensus as how to adjust for nonlinear and lagged temperature effect in addition to including an interaction term. Methods: We evaluated the influence of temperature confounding control on temperature-stratified ozone–mortality risks in a time series setting in eight European cities and 86 US cities, respectively. To investigate potential residual confounding, we additionally incorporated next day’s ozone in models with differing temperature control. Results: Using only a categorical variable for temperature or only controlling nonlinear effect of low temperatures yielded highly significant ozone effects at high temperatures but also significant residual confounding in both regions. Adjustment for nonlinear effect of temperature, especially high temperatures, substantially reduced ozone effects at high temperatures and residual confounding. Conclusions: Inadequate control for confounding by air temperature leads to residual confounding and an overestimation of the temperature-modifying effect in studies of ozone-related mortality. AN - 01984727-201803000-00002 AU - Chen, Kai AU - Wolf, Kathrin AU - Hampel, Regina AU - Stafoggia, Massimo AU - Breitner, Susanne AU - Cyrys, Josef AU - Samoli, Evangelia AU - Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic AU - Bero-Bedada, Getahun AU - Bellander, Tom AU - Hennig, Frauke AU - Jacquemin, Bénédicte AU - Pekkanen, Juha AU - Peters, Annette AU - Schneider, Alexandra AU - UF, on behalf of the AU - Group, HEALTH Study DO - 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000008 IS - 1 KW - Modifying effect Mortality Ozone Temperature confounding PY - 2018 SP - e008 ST - Does temperature-confounding control influence the modifying effect of air temperature in ozone–mortality associations? T2 - Environmental Epidemiology TI - Does temperature-confounding control influence the modifying effect of air temperature in ozone–mortality associations? VL - 2 ID - 25897 ER - TY - JOUR AB - OBJECTIVES: Many public health adaptation strategies have been identified in response to climate change. This report reviews current literature on health co-benefits and risks of these strategies to gain a better understanding of how they may affect health. METHODS: A literature review was conducted electronically using English language literature from January 2000 to March 2012. Of 812 articles identified, 22 peer-reviewed articles that directly addressed health co-benefits or risks of adaptation were included in the review. RESULTS: The co-benefits and risks identified in the literature most commonly relate to improvements in health associated with adaptation actions that affect social capital and urban design. Health co-benefits of improvements in social capital have positive influences on mental health, independently of other determinants. Risks included reinforcing existing misconceptions regarding health. Health co-benefits of urban design strategies included reduced obesity, cardiovascular disease and improved mental health through increased physical activity, cooling spaces (e.g., shaded areas), and social connectivity. Risks included pollen allergies with increased urban green space, and adverse health effects from heat events through the use of air conditioning. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the current limited understanding of the full impacts of the wide range of existing climate change adaptation strategies, further research should focus on both unintended positive and negative consequences of public health adaptation. AD - Public Health and Preventive Medicine Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC2C2, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada. june.cheng@medportal.ca AN - 23111371 AU - Cheng, J. J. AU - Berry, P. C2 - 3607711 C6 - NIEHS DA - Apr DB - DO - 10.1007/s00038-012-0422-5 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2012/11/01 IS - 2 KW - Adaptation, Physiological Climate Change Humans Public Health Risk Factors LA - eng N1 - Cheng, June J Berry, Peter Review Switzerland Int J Public Health. 2013 Apr;58(2):305-11. doi: 10.1007/s00038-012-0422-5. Epub 2012 Oct 31. PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique SN - 1661-8564 (Electronic) 1661-8556 (Linking) SP - 305-311 ST - Health co-benefits and risks of public health adaptation strategies to climate change: A review of current literature T2 - International Journal of Public Health TI - Health co-benefits and risks of public health adaptation strategies to climate change: A review of current literature VL - 58 ID - 4223 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cheng, Linyin AU - AghaKouchak, Amir DA - 11/18/online DO - 10.1038/srep07093 M3 - Article PY - 2014 SP - 7093 ST - Nonstationary precipitation intensity-duration-frequency curves for infrastructure design in a changing climate T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Nonstationary precipitation intensity-duration-frequency curves for infrastructure design in a changing climate VL - 4 ID - 21475 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper introduces a framework for estimating stationary and non-stationary return levels, return periods, and risks of climatic extremes using Bayesian inference. This framework is implemented in the Non-stationary Extreme Value Analysis (NEVA) software package, explicitly designed to facilitate analysis of extremes in the geosciences. In a Bayesian approach, NEVA estimates the extreme value parameters with a Differential Evolution Markov Chain (DE-MC) approach for global optimization over the parameter space. NEVA includes posterior probability intervals (uncertainty bounds) of estimated return levels through Bayesian inference, with its inherent advantages in uncertainty quantification. The software presents the results of non-stationary extreme value analysis using various exceedance probability methods. We evaluate both stationary and non-stationary components of the package for a case study consisting of annual temperature maxima for a gridded global temperature dataset. The results show that NEVA can reliably describe extremes and their return levels. AU - Cheng, Linyin AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Gilleland, Eric AU - Katz, Richard W. DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1254-5 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 353-369 ST - Non-stationary extreme value analysis in a changing climate T2 - Climatic Change TI - Non-stationary extreme value analysis in a changing climate VL - 127 ID - 21474 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The current California drought has cast a heavy burden on statewide agriculture and water resources, further exacerbated by concurrent extreme high temperatures. Furthermore, industrial-era global radiative forcing brings into question the role of long-term climate change with regard to California drought. How has human-induced climate change affected California drought risk? Here, observations and model experimentation are applied to characterize this drought employing metrics that synthesize drought duration, cumulative precipitation deficit, and soil moisture depletion. The model simulations show that increases in radiative forcing since the late nineteenth century induce both increased annual precipitation and increased surface temperature over California, consistent with prior model studies and with observed long-term change. As a result, there is no material difference in the frequency of droughts defined using bivariate indicators of precipitation and near-surface (10 cm) soil moisture, because shallow soil moisture responds most sensitively to increased evaporation driven by warming, which compensates the increase in the precipitation. However, when using soil moisture within a deep root zone layer (1 m) as covariate, droughts become less frequent because deep soil moisture responds most sensitively to increased precipitation. The results illustrate the different land surface responses to anthropogenic forcing that are relevant for near-surface moisture exchange and for root zone moisture availability. The latter is especially relevant for agricultural impacts as the deep layer dictates moisture availability for plants, trees, and many crops. The results thus indicate that the net effect of climate change has made agricultural drought less likely and that the current severe impacts of drought on California’s agriculture have not been substantially caused by long-term climate changes. AU - Cheng, Linyin AU - Hoerling, Martin AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Livneh, Ben AU - Quan, Xiao-Wei AU - Eischeid, Jon DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0260.1 IS - 1 KW - Physical Meteorology and Climatology,Climate change,Models and modeling,Climate models,Regional models PY - 2016 SP - 111-120 ST - How has human-induced climate change affected California drought risk? T2 - Journal of Climate TI - How has human-induced climate change affected California drought risk? VL - 29 ID - 19542 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Earth’s energy imbalance (EEI) drives the ongoing global warming and can best be assessed across the historical record (that is, since 1960) from ocean heat content (OHC) changes. An accurate assessment of OHC is a challenge, mainly because of insufficient and irregular data coverage. We provide updated OHC estimates with the goal of minimizing associated sampling error. We performed a subsample test, in which subsets of data during the data-rich Argo era are colocated with locations of earlier ocean observations, to quantify this error. Our results provide a new OHC estimate with an unbiased mean sampling error and with variability on decadal and multidecadal time scales (signal) that can be reliably distinguished from sampling error (noise) with signal-to-noise ratios higher than 3. The inferred integrated EEI is greater than that reported in previous assessments and is consistent with a reconstruction of the radiative imbalance at the top of atmosphere starting in 1985. We found that changes in OHC are relatively small before about 1980; since then, OHC has increased fairly steadily and, since 1990, has increasingly involved deeper layers of the ocean. In addition, OHC changes in six major oceans are reliable on decadal time scales. All ocean basins examined have experienced significant warming since 1998, with the greatest warming in the southern oceans, the tropical/subtropical Pacific Ocean, and the tropical/subtropical Atlantic Ocean. This new look at OHC and EEI changes over time provides greater confidence than previously possible, and the data sets produced are a valuable resource for further study. AU - Cheng, Lijing AU - Trenberth, Kevin E. AU - Fasullo, John AU - Boyer, Tim AU - Abraham, John AU - Zhu, Jiang DO - 10.1126/sciadv.1601545 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SP - e1601545 ST - Improved estimates of ocean heat content from 1960 to 2015 T2 - Science Advances TI - Improved estimates of ocean heat content from 1960 to 2015 VL - 3 ID - 20674 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cheng, Lijing AU - Zhu, Jiang DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s00376-018-8011-z IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1861-9533 SP - 261-263 ST - 2017 was the warmest year on record for the global ocean T2 - Advances in Atmospheric Sciences TI - 2017 was the warmest year on record for the global ocean VL - 35 ID - 25861 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cheng, T. K. AU - Hill, D. F. AU - Beamer, J. AU - García-Medina, G. DO - 10.1002/2014JC010268 IS - 1 KW - hydrodynamic modeling estuarine processes climate interannual variability waves 4235 Estuarine processes 4534 Hydrodynamic modeling 4546 Nearshore processes 4560 Surface waves and tides 4564 Tsunamis and storm surges PY - 2015 SN - 2169-9291 SP - 182-200 ST - Climate change impacts on wave and surge processes in a Pacific Northwest (USA) estuary T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans TI - Climate change impacts on wave and surge processes in a Pacific Northwest (USA) estuary VL - 120 ID - 24703 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many low-lying tropical islands are susceptible to sea level rise and often subjected to overwash and flooding during large wave events. To quantify wave dynamics and wave-driven water levels on fringing coral reefs, a 5 month deployment of wave gauges and a current meter was conducted across two shore-normal transects on Roi-Namur Island in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. These observations captured two large wave events that had waves with maximum heights greater than 6 m with peak periods of 16 s over the fore reef. The larger event coincided with a peak spring tide, leading to energetic, highly skewed infragravity (0.04–0.004 Hz) and very low frequency (0.004–0.001 Hz) waves at the shoreline, which reached heights of 1.0 and 0.7 m, respectively. Water surface elevations, combined with wave runup, reached 3.7 m above the reef bed at the innermost reef flat adjacent to the toe of the beach, resulting in flooding of inland areas. This overwash occurred during a 3 h time window that coincided with high tide and maximum low-frequency reef flat wave heights. The relatively low-relief characteristics of this narrow reef flat may further drive shoreline amplification of low-frequency waves due to resonance modes. These results (1) demonstrate how the coupling of high offshore water levels with low-frequency reef flat wave energetics can lead to large impacts along fringing reef-lined shorelines, such as island overwash, and (2) lend support to the hypothesis that predicted higher sea levels will lead to more frequent occurrences of these extreme events, negatively impacting coastal resources and infrastructure. AU - Cheriton, Olivia M. AU - Storlazzi, Curt D. AU - Rosenberger, Kurt J. DA - 2016/05/01/ DO - 10.1002/2015JC011231 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 5 KW - 4560 Surface waves and tides 4220 Coral reef systems 4546 Nearshore processes flooding 4321 Climate impact overwash coral reef sea level rise 4217 Coastal processes infragravity waves runup LA - en PY - 2016 SN - 2169-9291 SP - 3121-3140 ST - Observations of wave transformation over a fringing coral reef and the importance of low-frequency waves and offshore water levels to runup, overwash, and coastal flooding T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans TI - Observations of wave transformation over a fringing coral reef and the importance of low-frequency waves and offshore water levels to runup, overwash, and coastal flooding VL - 121 Y2 - 2017/09/23/01:19:11 ID - 22406 ER - TY - WEB AU - Cherokee Nation CY - W.W. Keeler Complex near Tahlequah, OK PY - 2018 ST - About the Nation [web site] TI - About the Nation [web site] UR - http://www.cherokee.org/About-The-Nation ID - 25795 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cherry, Jessica E. AU - Knapp, Corrie AU - Trainor, Sarah AU - Ray, Andrea J. AU - Tedesche, Molly AU - Walker, Susan DO - 10.5194/hess-21-133-2017 IS - 1 N1 - HESS PY - 2017 SN - 1607-7938 SP - 133-151 ST - Planning for climate change impacts on hydropower in the Far North T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences TI - Planning for climate change impacts on hydropower in the Far North VL - 21 ID - 25828 ER - TY - RPRT AB - The useful lifespan of hydroelectric power infrastructure is 50 years or more; this is long enough that long-term climate change and shorter-term climate variability should be considered when planning new facilities and maintaining existing ones. This study examines observed historical climate variability in Southeast, Alaska, where several new and expanded hydropower facilities are proposed. Analysis suggests that climate trends in this region since the 1920s are modest, while trends since the mid-1940s are somewhat stronger. Sparse data collection increases the uncertainty associated with these trends. Variability in temperature, precipitation, snow, and discharge is largely dominated by random interannual fluctuations, as well as semi-decadal to decadal climate modes such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The dominance of these modes of variability on the regional climate is useful for risk management because prediction tools exist for season-ahead forecasting. Longerterm climate trends, while smaller in magnitude, will likely lead to warmer and wetter conditions in the coming century. The persistence of a negative PDO may lead to cooler, drier conditions in the short term. Climate variability and change both have implications for shifts in the timing and magnitude of river discharge that could pose challenges to management of capacity-limited reservoir systems. An increasingly interconnected power grid in Southeast Alaska might help mediate these climate impacts, but there are still large data gaps that contribute to management risk. Enhanced monitoring of snow, temperature, runoff, and glacial melt, particularly at elevation and in the watersheds feeding hydropower reservoirs, could help operators reduce risk by eliminating some of the uncertainty about the relationships between climate and water resource availability. AU - Cherry, J. E. AU - Walker, S. AU - Fresco, N. AU - Trainor, S. AU - Tidwell, A. C6 - NCA KW - energy; Water Resources PY - 2010 SP - 28 ST - Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Hydropower in Southeast Alaska: Planning for a Robust Energy Future TI - Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Hydropower in Southeast Alaska: Planning for a Robust Energy Future UR - http://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/habitat/hydro/reports/ccv_hydro_se.pdf ID - 12899 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cheung, William W. L. AU - Brodeur, Richard D. AU - Okey, Thomas A. AU - Pauly, Daniel DA - 2015/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.09.003 PY - 2015 SN - 0079-6611 SP - 19-31 ST - Projecting future changes in distributions of pelagic fish species of Northeast Pacific shelf seas T2 - Progress in Oceanography TI - Projecting future changes in distributions of pelagic fish species of Northeast Pacific shelf seas VL - 130 ID - 23741 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change highlights that climate change and ocean acidification are challenging the sustainable management of living marine resources (LMRs). Formal and systematic treatment of uncertainty in existing LMR projections, however, is lacking. We synthesize knowledge of how to address different sources of uncertainty by drawing from climate model intercomparison efforts. We suggest an ensemble of available models and projections, informed by observations, as a starting point to quantify uncertainties. Such an ensemble must be paired with analysis of the dominant uncertainties over different spatial scales, time horizons, and metrics. We use two examples: (i) global and regional projections of Sea Surface Temperature and (ii) projection of changes in potential catch of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in the 21st century, to illustrate this ensemble model approach to explore different types of uncertainties. Further effort should prioritize understanding dominant, undersampled dimensions of uncertainty, as well as the strategic collection of observations to quantify, and ultimately reduce, uncertainties. Our proposed framework will improve our understanding of future changes in LMR and the resulting risk of impacts to ecosystems and the societies under changing ocean conditions. AU - Cheung, William W. L. AU - Frölicher, Thomas L. AU - Asch, Rebecca G. AU - Jones, Miranda C. AU - Pinsky, Malin L. AU - Reygondeau, Gabriel AU - Rodgers, Keith B. AU - Rykaczewski, Ryan R. AU - Sarmiento, Jorge L. AU - Stock, Charles AU - Watson, James R. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsv250 IS - 5 N1 - 10.1093/icesjms/fsv250 PY - 2016 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 1283-1296 ST - Building confidence in projections of the responses of living marine resources to climate change T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Building confidence in projections of the responses of living marine resources to climate change VL - 73 ID - 24847 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cheung, William W.L. AU - Lam, Vicky W.Y. AU - Sarmiento, Jorge L. AU - Kearney, Kelly AU - Watson, Reg AU - Pauly, Daniel C6 - NCA DA - Sep 01 DO - 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00315.x IS - 3 PY - 2009 SP - 235-251 ST - Projecting global marine biodiversity impacts under climate change scenarios T2 - Fish and Fisheries TI - Projecting global marine biodiversity impacts under climate change scenarios VL - 10 ID - 12902 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cheung, W.W.L. AU - Lam, V.W.Y. AU - Sarmiento, J.L. AU - Kearney, K. AU - Watson, REG AU - Zeller, D. AU - Pauly, D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01995.x IS - 1 PY - 2010 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 24-35 ST - Large-scale redistribution of maximum fisheries catch potential in the global ocean under climate change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Large-scale redistribution of maximum fisheries catch potential in the global ocean under climate change VL - 16 ID - 12903 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Keeping recent global agreements to limit temperature increases to 1.5° to 2°C above preindustrial levels will have benefits across terrestrial ecosystems. But what about marine ecosystems? Cheung et al. modeled the influence of temperature increases on two key measures of fishery sustainability, catch and species turnover (see the Perspective by Fulton). Limiting temperature increases to 1.5°C substantially improved catch potential and decreased turnover of harvested species. These results provide further support for meeting this important goal.Science, this issue p. 1591; see also p. 1530Translating the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5°C above preindustrial level into impact-related targets facilitates communication of the benefits of mitigating climate change to policy-makers and stakeholders. Developing ecologically relevant impact-related targets for marine ecosystem services, such as fisheries, is an important step. Here, we use maximum catch potential and species turnover as climate-risk indicators for fisheries. We project that potential catches will decrease by more than 3 million metric tons per degree Celsius of warming. Species turnover is more than halved when warming is lowered from 3.5° to 1.5°C above the preindustrial level. Regionally, changes in maximum catch potential and species turnover vary across ecosystems, with the biggest risk reduction in the Indo-Pacific and Arctic regions when the Paris Agreement target is achieved. AU - Cheung, William W. L. AU - Reygondeau, Gabriel AU - Frölicher, Thomas L. DO - 10.1126/science.aag2331 IS - 6319 PY - 2016 SP - 1591-1594 ST - Large benefits to marine fisheries of meeting the 1.5°C global warming target T2 - Science TI - Large benefits to marine fisheries of meeting the 1.5°C global warming target VL - 354 ID - 23740 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cheung, William W. L. AU - Watson, Reg AU - Pauly, Daniel DA - 05/15/online DO - 10.1038/nature12156 PY - 2013 SP - 365-368 ST - Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch T2 - Nature TI - Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch VL - 497 ID - 24039 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Alterations of species phenology in response to climate change are now unquestionable. Until now, most studies have reported precocious occurrence of life cycle events as a major phenological response. Desynchronizations of biotic interactions, in particular predator-prey relationships, are however assumed to strongly impact ecosystems’ functioning, as formalized by the Match-Mismatch Hypothesis (MMH). Temporal synchronicity between juvenile fish and zooplankton in estuaries is therefore of essential interest since estuaries are major nursery grounds for many commercial fish species. The Gironde estuary (SW France) has suffered significant alterations over the last three decades, including two Abrupt Ecosystem Shifts (AES), and three contrasted intershift periods. The main objective of this study was to depict modifications in fish and zooplankton phenology among inter-shift periods and discuss the potential effects of the resulting mismatches at a community scale. A flexible Bayesian method was used to estimate and compare yearly patterns of species abundance in the estuary among the three pre-defined periods. Results highlighted (1) an earlier peak of zooplankton production and entrance of fish species in the estuary and (2) a decrease in residence time of both groups in the estuary. Such species-specific phenological changes led to changes in temporal overlap between juvenile fish and their zooplanktonic prey. This situation questions the efficiency and potentially the viability of nursery function of the Gironde estuary, with potential implications for coastal marine fisheries of the Bay of Biscay. AU - Chevillot, Xavier AU - Drouineau, Hilaire AU - Lambert, Patrick AU - Carassou, Laure AU - Sautour, Benoit AU - Lobry, Jérémy DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0173752 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SP - e0173752 ST - Toward a phenological mismatch in estuarine pelagic food web? T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Toward a phenological mismatch in estuarine pelagic food web? VL - 12 ID - 25737 ER - TY - JOUR AB - After Hurricane Katrina, many New Orleans homes remained flooded for weeks, promoting heavy microbial growth. OBJECTIVES: A small demonstration project was conducted November 2005–January 2006 aiming to recommend safe remediation techniques and safe levels of worker protection, and to characterize airborne mold and endotoxin throughout cleanup. METHODS: Three houses with floodwater lines between 0.3 and 2 m underwent intervention, including disposal of damaged furnishings and drywall, cleaning surfaces, drying remaining structure, and treatment with a biostatic agent. We measured indoor and outdoor bioaerosols before, during, and after intervention. Samples were analyzed for fungi [culture, spore analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] and endotoxin. In one house, real-time particle counts were also assessed, and respirator-efficiency testing was performed to establish workplace protection factors (WPF). RESULTS: At baseline, culturable mold ranged from 22,000 to 515,000 colony-forming units/m(3), spore counts ranged from 82,000 to 630,000 spores/m(3), and endotoxin ranged from 17 to 139 endotoxin units/m(3). Culture, spore analysis, and PCR indicated that Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Paecilomyces predominated. After intervention, levels of mold and endotoxin were generally lower (sometimes, orders of magnitude). The average WPF against fungal spores for elastomeric respirators was higher than for the N-95 respirators. CONCLUSIONS: During baseline and intervention, mold and endotoxin levels were similar to those found in agricultural environments. We strongly recommend that those entering, cleaning, and repairing flood-damaged homes wear respirators at least as protective as elastomeric respirators. Recommendations based on this demonstration will benefit those involved in the current cleanup activities and will inform efforts to respond to future disasters. AU - Chew, Ginger L. AU - Wilson, Jonathan AU - Rabito, Felicia A. AU - Grimsley, Faye AU - Iqbal, Shahed AU - Reponen, Tiina AU - Muilenberg, Michael L. AU - Thorne, Peter S. AU - Dearborn, Dorr G. AU - Morley, Rebecca L. DA - 08/24 04/11/received 08/24/accepted DB - PMC DO - 10.1289/ehp.9258 IS - 12 PY - 2006 SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 SP - 1883-1889 ST - Mold and endotoxin levels in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina: A pilot project of homes in New Orleans undergoing renovation T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Mold and endotoxin levels in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina: A pilot project of homes in New Orleans undergoing renovation VL - 114 ID - 21210 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chhin, S. DB - CABDirect DO - 10.3390/f1040209 IS - 4 LA - English PY - 2010 SN - 1999-4907 SP - 209-229 ST - Influence of climate on the growth of hybrid poplar in Michigan T2 - Forests TI - Influence of climate on the growth of hybrid poplar in Michigan VL - 1 ID - 21247 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chiara, Nicola AU - Garvin, Michael J. AU - Vecer, Jan DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2007)13:2(97) IS - 2 PY - 2007 SP - 97-104 ST - Valuing simple multiple-exercise real options in infrastructure projects T2 - Journal of Infrastructure Systems TI - Valuing simple multiple-exercise real options in infrastructure projects VL - 13 ID - 25427 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) CY - Chicago, IL PB - CMAP PY - 2013 ST - Climate Adaptation Guidebook for Municipalities in the Chicago Region TI - Climate Adaptation Guidebook for Municipalities in the Chicago Region UR - http://www.cmap.illinois.gov/documents/10180/14136/FY13-0119%20Climate%20Adaptation%20toolkit.pdf/fa5e3867-8278-4867-841a-aad4e090847a ID - 21298 ER - TY - PCOMM AU - Chief Gordon Yellowman C1 - gyellowman@c-a-tribes.org C2 - drdanwildcat@gmail.com DA - July 11 PY - 2017 ST - Email exchange between Gordon Yellowman, Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes in Oklahoma, and Daniel Wildcat, Haskell Indian Nations University TI - Email exchange between Gordon Yellowman, Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes in Oklahoma, and Daniel Wildcat, Haskell Indian Nations University ID - 26291 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - Sample, V. Alaric A2 - Bixler, R. Patrick AU - Chief, Karletta AU - Daigle, John J. AU - Lynn, Kathy AU - Whyte, Kyle Powys PB - USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station PY - 2014 SP - 161-176 T2 - Forest Conservation and Management in the Anthropocene: Conference Proceedings TI - Indigenous experiences in the U.S. with climate change and environmental stewardship in the Anthropocene UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/46584 VL - RMRS-P-71 ID - 24974 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chief, Karletta AU - Meadow, Alison AU - Whyte, Kyle DO - 10.3390/w8080350 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SN - 2073-4441 SP - 350 ST - Engaging southwestern tribes in sustainable water resources topics and management T2 - Water TI - Engaging southwestern tribes in sustainable water resources topics and management VL - 8 ID - 21627 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chien, Lung-Chang AU - Guo, Yuming AU - Zhang, Kai DA - 2016/08/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.042 KW - Heat index Mortality Distributed lagged nonlinear model Spatial heterogeneity PY - 2016 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 845-851 ST - Spatiotemporal analysis of heat and heat wave effects on elderly mortality in Texas, 2006–2011 T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Spatiotemporal analysis of heat and heat wave effects on elderly mortality in Texas, 2006–2011 VL - 562 ID - 23247 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Gordon, Eric A2 - Ojima, Dennis AU - Childress, Amber AU - Gordon, Eric AU - Jedd, Theresa AU - Klein, Roberta AU - Lukas, Jeff AU - McKeown, Rebecca CY - Boulder and Fort Collins, CO PB - University of Colorado Boulder and Colorado State University PY - 2015 SP - 176 ST - Colorado Climate Change Vulnerability Study TI - Colorado Climate Change Vulnerability Study UR - http://wwa.colorado.edu/climate/co2015vulnerability/ ID - 24599 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Gordon, Eric A2 - Ojima, Dennis AU - Childress, Amber AU - Gordon, Eric AU - Jedd, Theresa AU - Klein, Roberta AU - Lukas, Jeff AU - McKeown, Rebecca CY - Boulder, CO PB - University of Colorado Boulder PY - 2015 SP - 176 ST - Colorado Climate Change Vulnerability Study TI - Colorado Climate Change Vulnerability Study UR - http://wwa.colorado.edu/climate/co2015vulnerability/ ID - 25220 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chinowsky, Paul AU - Helman, Jacob AU - Gulati, Sahil AU - Neumann, James AU - Martinich, Jeremy DA - 2017/06/16/ DO - 10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.05.007 PY - 2017 SN - 0967-070X ST - Impacts of climate change on operation of the US rail network T2 - Transport Policy TI - Impacts of climate change on operation of the US rail network ID - 24539 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chinowsky, Paul S. AU - Price, Jason C. AU - Neumann, James E. DA - 2013/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.004 IS - 4 KW - Infrastructure Roads Degradation Economic impact PY - 2013 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 764-773 ST - Assessment of climate change adaptation costs for the U.S. road network T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Assessment of climate change adaptation costs for the U.S. road network VL - 23 ID - 24540 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chivers, William J. AU - Walne, Anthony W. AU - Hays, Graeme C. DA - 02/10/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms14434 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 14434 ST - Mismatch between marine plankton range movements and the velocity of climate change T2 - Nature Communications TI - Mismatch between marine plankton range movements and the velocity of climate change VL - 8 ID - 25490 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives. We assessed diabetes-related mortality for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and Whites.Methods. Study populations were non-Hispanic AI/AN and White persons in Indian Health Service (IHS) Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties; Hispanics were excluded. We used 1990 to 2009 death certificate data linked to IHS patient registration records to identify AI/AN decedents aged 20 years or older. We examined disparities and trends in mortality related to diabetes as an underlying cause of death (COD) and as a multiple COD.Results. After increasing between 1990 and 1999, rates of diabetes as an underlying COD and a multiple COD subsequently decreased in both groups. However, between 2000 and 2009, age-adjusted rates of diabetes as an underlying COD and a multiple COD remained 2.5 to 3.5 times higher among AI/AN persons than among Whites for all age groups (20–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, and ≥ 75 years), both sexes, and every IHS region except Alaska.Conclusions. Declining trends in diabetes-related mortality in both AI/AN and White populations are consistent with recent improvements in their health status. Reducing persistent disparities in diabetes mortality will require developing effective approaches to not only control but also prevent diabetes among AI/AN populations. AU - Cho, Pyone AU - Geiss, Linda S. AU - Burrows, Nilka Rios AU - Roberts, Diana L. AU - Bullock, Ann K. AU - Toedt, Michael E. DO - 10.2105/ajph.2014.301968 IS - S3 PY - 2014 SP - S496-S503 ST - Diabetes-related mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1990–2009 T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Diabetes-related mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1990–2009 VL - 104 ID - 24945 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cho, Sung Ju AU - McCarl, Bruce A. DA - 01/18/online DO - 10.1038/srep40845 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 40845 ST - Climate change influences on crop mix shifts in the United States T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Climate change influences on crop mix shifts in the United States VL - 7 ID - 25195 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Choat, B. AU - Jansen, S. AU - Brodribb, T.J. AU - Cochard, H. AU - Delzon, S. AU - Bhaskar, R. AU - Bucci, S.J. AU - Feild, T.S. AU - Gleason, S.M. AU - Hacke, U.G. AU - Jacobsen, A.L. AU - Lens, F. AU - Maherali, H. AU - Martinez-Vilalta, J. AU - Mayr, S. AU - Mencuccini, M. AU - Mitchell, P.J. AU - Nardini, A. AU - Pittermann, J. AU - Pratt, R.B. AU - Sperry, J.S. AU - M.Westoby AU - Wright, I.J. AU - Zanne, .E. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/nature11688 IS - 7426 PY - 2012 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 752-755 ST - Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought T2 - Nature TI - Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought VL - 491 ID - 12906 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Choudhary, Ekta AU - Vaidyanathan, Ambarish IS - 13 PY - 2014 SP - 1-10 ST - Heat stress illness hospitalizations—Environmental public health tracking program, 20 States, 2001–2010 T2 - MMWR Surveillance Summaries TI - Heat stress illness hospitalizations—Environmental public health tracking program, 20 States, 2001–2010 UR - https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6313a1.htm VL - 63 ID - 23742 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chowdhury, Md Rashed AU - Barnston, Anthony G. AU - Guard, Charles ‘Chip’ AU - Duncan, Sarah AU - Schroeder, Thomas A. AU - Chu, P. S. DA - 2010/10/01/ DO - 10.1002/wea.468 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 10 LA - en PY - 2010 SN - 1477-8696 SP - 263-268 ST - Sea-level variability and change in the US-affiliated Pacific Islands: Understanding the high sea levels during 2006–2008 T2 - Weather TI - Sea-level variability and change in the US-affiliated Pacific Islands: Understanding the high sea levels during 2006–2008 VL - 65 Y2 - 2017/05/03/20:25:32 ID - 22407 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We updated and expanded a model of the pelagic ecosystem for the area of the central North Pacific occupied by the Hawaii-based longline fishery. Specifically, results from the most recent diet studies were used to expand the representation of the lesser-known non-target fish species (e.g. lancetfish, opah, snake mackerel) and 9 mid-trophic micronekton functional groups. The model framework Ecopath with Ecosim was used to construct an ecosystem energy budget and to examine how changes in the various micronekton groups impact apex predator biomass. Model results indicate that while micronekton fishes represented approximately 54% of micronekton biomass, they accounted for only 28% of the micronekton production. By contrast, crustaceans represented 24% of the biomass and accounted for 44% of production. Simulated ecosystem changes resulting from changes to micronekton groups demonstrated that crustaceans and mollusks are the most important direct trophic pathways to the top of the food web. Other groups appear to comprise relatively inefficient pathways or ‘trophic dead-ends’ that are loosely coupled to the top of the food web (e.g. gelatinous animals), such that biomass declines in these functional groups resulted in increased biomass at the highest trophic levels by increasing energy flow through more efficient pathways. Overall, simulated declines in the micronekton groups resulted in small changes in biomass at the very top of the food web, suggesting that this ecosystem is relatively ecologically resilient with diverse food web pathways. However, further understanding of how sensitive micronekton are to changes in ocean chemistry and temperature resulting from climate change is needed to fully evaluate and predict potential ecosystem changes. AU - Choy, Anela AU - Wabnitz, Colette AU - Weijerman, Mariska AU - Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe AU - Polovina, Jeffrey DA - 2016/05/10/ DO - 10.3354/meps11680 DP - ResearchGate PY - 2016 SP - 9-25 ST - Finding the way to the top: How the composition of oceanic mid-trophic micronekton groups determines apex predator biomass in the central North Pacific T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series TI - Finding the way to the top: How the composition of oceanic mid-trophic micronekton groups determines apex predator biomass in the central North Pacific VL - 549 ID - 22408 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chretien, Jean-Paul AU - Anyamba, Assaf AU - Small, Jennifer AU - Britch, Seth AU - Sanchez, Jose L. AU - Halbach, Alaina C. AU - Tucker, Compton AU - Linthicum, Kenneth J. PY - 2015 SP - Edition 1 ST - Global climate anomalies and potential infectious disease risks: 2014-2015 T2 - PLOS Currents Outbreaks TI - Global climate anomalies and potential infectious disease risks: 2014-2015 UR - http://currents.plos.org/outbreaks/index.html%3Fp=50798.html VL - 2015 ID - 24133 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Christensen, J.H. AU - Krishna Kumar, K. AU - Aldrian, E. AU - An, S.-I. AU - Cavalcanti, I.F.A. AU - de Castro, M. AU - Dong, W. AU - Goswami, P. AU - Hall, A. AU - Kanyanga, J.K. AU - Kitoh, A. AU - Kossin, J. AU - Lau, N.-C. AU - Renwick, J. AU - Stephenson, D.B. AU - Xie, S.-P. AU - Zhou, T. C4 - 541fc57b-d7ad-4617-97de-2df91f99afc0 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 SE - 14 SN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 1217–1308 ST - Climate phenomena and their relevance for future regional climate change T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Climate phenomena and their relevance for future regional climate change UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ ID - 16449 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - Mooney, H. A. A2 - Bonnicksen, T. M. A2 - Christensen, N. L. A2 - Lotan, J. E. A2 - Reiners, W. A. AU - Christensen, Norman L. CY - Honolulu, HI N1 - Forest Service General Technical Report WO-26 PY - 1981 SP - 112-136 T2 - Fire Regimes and Ecosystem Properties TI - Fire regimes in southeastern ecosystems UR - https://archive.org/stream/CAT83781017#page/112/mode/2up/search/christensen ID - 24441 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Christensen, N. S. AU - Lettenmaier, D. P. DO - 10.5194/hess-11-1417-2007 IS - 4 PY - 2007 SN - 1607-7938 SP - 1417-1434 ST - A multimodel ensemble approach to assessment of climate change impacts on the hydrology and water resources of the Colorado River Basin T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences TI - A multimodel ensemble approach to assessment of climate change impacts on the hydrology and water resources of the Colorado River Basin VL - 11 ID - 20334 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The purpose of this study was to quantify dipole events (a drought year followed by a pluvial year) for various spatial scales including the nine Oklahoma climate divisions and the author-defined regions of the U.S. Southern Great Plains (SGP), High Plains (HP), and Northern Great Plains (NGP). Analyses revealed that, on average, over twice as many standard deviation (STDEV) dipoles existed in the latter half of the dataset (1955–2013) relative to the first half (1896–1954), suggesting that dramatic increases in precipitation from one year to the next within the Oklahoma climate divisions are increasing with time. For the larger regions within the Great Plains of the United States, the percent chance of a significant pluvial year following a significant drought year was approximately 25% of the time for the SGP and NGP and approximately 16% of the time for the HP. The STDEV dipole analyses further revealed that the frequency of dipoles was consistent between the first and second half of the dataset for the NGP and HP but was increasing with time in the SGP. The temporal periods of anomalous precipitation during relative pluvial years within the STDEV dipole events were unique for each region whereby October occurred most frequently (70%) within the SGP, September occurred most frequently (60%) within the HP, and May occurred most frequently (62%) within the NGP. AU - Christian, Jordan AU - Christian, Katarina AU - Basara, Jeffrey B. DO - 10.1175/jamc-d-15-0002.1 IS - 9 KW - Drought,Precipitation,Interannual variability PY - 2015 SP - 1886-1898 ST - Drought and pluvial dipole events within the Great Plains of the United States T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - Drought and pluvial dipole events within the Great Plains of the United States VL - 54 ID - 23276 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The interactions between natural water availability and societal water demand and management are complex. In response to gaps in empirical research of the adaptive capacity of social and environmental systems to climate stresses, we provide an assessment of responses to water scarcity during a multi-year drought in California. In particular, we use Barnett and O’Neill’s (Global Environ Change 20:211–213, 2010) criteria for maladaptation to examine responses in the agricultural and energy sectors to a multi-year (2007–2009) California drought. We conclude that despite evidence in both sectors of resiliency to the impacts of the drought, some of the coping strategies adopted increased the vulnerability of other systems. These other systems include California’s aquatic ecosystems and social groups that rely on those ecosystems for their health or employment; future generations whose resources were drawn down in the near-term, where otherwise those resources would have been available at a later time; and current and future generations who were, or will be, exposed to the effects of increased greenhouse gas emissions. This case study demonstrates that California’s current strategies for dealing with long or severe droughts are less successful than previously thought when short- and long-term impacts are evaluated together. This finding is particularly relevant given projections of more frequent and severe water shortages in the future due to climate change. This study recommends a shift from crisis-driven responses to the development and enactment of long-term mitigation measures that are anticipatory and focus on comprehensive risk reduction. AU - Christian-Smith, Juliet AU - Levy, Morgan C. AU - Gleick, Peter H. DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s11625-014-0269-1 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1862-4057 SP - 491-501 ST - Maladaptation to drought: A case report from California, USA T2 - Sustainability Science TI - Maladaptation to drought: A case report from California, USA VL - 10 ID - 21457 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Christophers, Brett DA - 2017/09/03 DO - 10.1080/24694452.2017.1293502 IS - 5 PY - 2017 SN - 2469-4452 SP - 1108-1127 ST - Climate change and financial instability: Risk disclosure and the problematics of neoliberal governance T2 - Annals of the American Association of Geographers TI - Climate change and financial instability: Risk disclosure and the problematics of neoliberal governance VL - 107 ID - 21456 ER - TY - JOUR AB - For the first time, trends of five climate change indices related to extreme precipitation events in the Hawaiian Islands are investigated using daily observational records from the 1950s to 2007. Four indices [simple daily intensity index (SDII), total number of day with precipitation ≥25.4 mm (R25), annual maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation amount (R5d), and the fraction of annual total precipitation from events exceeding the 1961–90 95th percentile (R95p)] describe the intensity (SDII), frequency (R25), and magnitude (R5d and R95p) of precipitation extremes, and the fifth index [consecutive dry days (CDD)] describes drought conditions. The annual probability density functions (PDFs) of precipitation indices for two epochs (i.e., 1950–79 and 1980–2007) are analyzed. Since the 1980s, there has been a change in the types of precipitation intensity, resulting in more frequent light precipitation and less frequent moderate and heavy precipitation intensity. The other three precipitation-related indices (R25, R5d, and R95p) demonstrate a shift toward the left of the distribution over time, suggesting shorter annual number of days with intense precipitation and smaller consecutive 5-day precipitation amounts and smaller fraction of annual precipitation due to events exceeding the 1961–90 95th percentile in the recent epoch relative to the first epoch. The changes of PDF distribution for SDII, R25, R5d, and CDD are significant at the 5% level according to a two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. A nonparametric trend analysis is then performed for four periods, with different starting years (e.g., the 1950s, the 1960s) but the same ending year (2007). Long-term downward trends are evident for four precipitation-related indices, and long-term upward trends are observed for CDD. Geographically, Kauai and Oahu are dominated by long-term decreasing trends for four precipitation-related indices, while increasing trends play the major role over the island of Hawaii. The upward trends of drought conditions in the long run are predominant on all the major Hawaiian Islands. To investigate whether the trends are stable throughout the time, the derivatives of trends for each of the 30-yr running series are calculated (e.g., 1950–79, 1951–80, … , 1978–2007) for four precipitation-related indices at each station. For Kauai and Oahu, positive derivatives prevail for all indices in the presence of long-term negative trends, suggestive of a phase change in precipitation extremes and such extremes showing an upswing recently. For the island of Hawaii, there is also an indication of phase reversal over the last 60 yr, with negative derivatives occurring in the presence of the background positive trends. A positive relationship is found between the precipitation indices and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI), implying more precipitation extremes during La Niña years and vice versa for El Niño years. Spatial patterns of standardized anomalies of indices are presented for the La Niña/−PDO minus El Niño/+PDO composites. AU - Chu, Pao-Shin AU - Chen, Ying Ruan AU - Schroeder, Thomas A. DA - 2010/05/20/ DO - 10.1175/2010JCLI3484.1 DP - journals.ametsoc.org (Atypon) IS - 18 PY - 2010 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 4881-4900 ST - Changes in precipitation extremes in the Hawaiian Islands in a warming climate T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Changes in precipitation extremes in the Hawaiian Islands in a warming climate VL - 23 ID - 22409 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chui, Andrew C. AU - Gittelson, Alexei AU - Sebastian, Elizabeth AU - Stamler, Natasha AU - Gaffin, Stuart R. DA - 2018/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.uclim.2017.12.009 KW - Urban heat island White roofs Green infrastructure Surface temperature Air temperature Infrared thermography PY - 2018 SN - 2212-0955 SP - 51-62 ST - Urban heat islands and cooler infrastructure—Measuring near-surface temperatures with hand-held infrared cameras T2 - Urban Climate TI - Urban heat islands and cooler infrastructure—Measuring near-surface temperatures with hand-held infrared cameras VL - 24 ID - 25608 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chun, B. AU - Guldmann, J. M. DA - 2014/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.016 KW - Urban heat island Remotely sensed temperatures 3-D city model Spatial regression Neighboring effects Simulation of greening strategies PY - 2014 SN - 0169-2046 SP - 76-88 ST - Spatial statistical analysis and simulation of the urban heat island in high-density central cities T2 - Landscape and Urban Planning TI - Spatial statistical analysis and simulation of the urban heat island in high-density central cities VL - 125 ID - 25060 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chung, Esther K. AU - Siegel, Benjamin S. AU - Garg, Arvin AU - Conroy, Kathleen AU - Gross, Rachel S. AU - Long, Dayna A. AU - Lewis, Gena AU - Osman, Cynthia J. AU - Jo Messito, Mary AU - Wade, Roy AU - Shonna Yin, H. AU - Cox, Joanne AU - Fierman, Arthur H. DA - 2016/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.cppeds.2016.02.004 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SN - 1538-5442 SP - 135-153 ST - Screening for social determinants of health among children and families living in poverty: A guide for clinicians T2 - Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care TI - Screening for social determinants of health among children and families living in poverty: A guide for clinicians VL - 46 ID - 23743 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Chupka, Marc W. AU - Earle, Robert AU - Fox-Penner, Peter AU - Hledik, Ryan CY - Washington, DC PB - The Edison Foundation PY - 2008 SP - 48 ST - Transforming America’s Power Industry: The Investment Challenge 2010-2030 TI - Transforming America’s Power Industry: The Investment Challenge 2010-2030 UR - http://www.edisonfoundation.net/iei/publications/Documents/Transforming_Americas_Power_Industry.pdf ID - 23277 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Church, J.A. AU - Clark, P.U. AU - Cazenave, A. AU - Gregory, J.M. AU - Jevrejeva, S. AU - Levermann, A. AU - Merrifield, M.A. AU - Milne, G.A. AU - Nerem, R.S. AU - Nunn, P.D. AU - Payne, A.J. AU - Pfeffer, W.T. AU - Stammer, D. AU - Unnikrishnan, A.S. C4 - da0fddf2-c9c9-40d0-8e33-a86342d8b864 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 SE - 13 SN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 1137–1216 ST - Sea level change T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Sea level change UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ ID - 16450 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Church, John A. AU - White, Neil J. DO - 10.1029/2005GL024826 IS - 1 KW - 1620 Climate dynamics 1635 Oceans 4215 Climate and interannual variability 4556 Sea level: variations and mean PY - 2006 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L01602 ST - A 20th century acceleration in global sea-level rise T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - A 20th century acceleration in global sea-level rise VL - 33 ID - 20634 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Church, J.A. AU - White, N.J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10712-011-9119-1 IS - 4-5 PY - 2011 SN - 0169-3298 SP - 585-602 ST - Sea-level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st century T2 - Surveys in Geophysics TI - Sea-level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st century VL - 32 ID - 12917 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We review the sea-level and energy budgets together from 1961, using recent and updated estimates of all terms. From 1972 to 2008, the observed sea-level rise (1.8 ± 0.2 mm yr−1 from tide gauges alone and 2.1 ± 0.2 mm yr−1 from a combination of tide gauges and altimeter observations) agrees well with the sum of contributions (1.8 ± 0.4 mm yr−1) in magnitude and with both having similar increases in the rate of rise during the period. The largest contributions come from ocean thermal expansion (0.8 mm yr−1) and the melting of glaciers and ice caps (0.7 mm yr−1), with Greenland and Antarctica contributing about 0.4 mm yr−1. The cryospheric contributions increase through the period (particularly in the 1990s) but the thermosteric contribution increases less rapidly. We include an improved estimate of aquifer depletion (0.3 mm yr−1), partially offsetting the retention of water in dams and giving a total terrestrial storage contribution of −0.1 mm yr−1. Ocean warming (90% of the total of the Earth's energy increase) continues through to the end of the record, in agreement with continued greenhouse gas forcing. The aerosol forcing, inferred as a residual in the atmospheric energy balance, is estimated as −0.8 ± 0.4 W m−2 for the 1980s and early 1990s. It increases in the late 1990s, as is required for consistency with little surface warming over the last decade. This increase is likely at least partially related to substantial increases in aerosol emissions from developing nations and moderate volcanic activity. AU - Church, J. A. AU - White, N.J. AU - Konikow, L.F. AU - Domingues, C.M. AU - Cogley, J.G. AU - Rignot, E. AU - Gregory, J.M. AU - van den Broeke, M.R. AU - Monaghan, A.J. AU - Velicogna, I. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2011GL048794 IS - 18 KW - aerosol; energy budget; sea level; 0720 Cryosphere: Glaciers; 0726 Cryosphere: Ice sheets; 1641 Global Change: Sea level change (1222, 1225, 4304, 4556); 4556 Oceanography: Physical: Sea level: variations and mean (1222, 1225, 1641) PY - 2011 SN - 0094-8276 SP - L18601 ST - Revisiting the Earth’s sea-level and energy budgets from 1961 to 2008 T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Revisiting the Earth’s sea-level and energy budgets from 1961 to 2008 VL - 38 ID - 12918 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chust, Guillem AU - Allen, J. Icarus AU - Bopp, Laurent AU - Schrum, Corinna AU - Holt, Jason AU - Tsiaras, Kostas AU - Zavatarelli, Marco AU - Chifflet, Marina AU - Cannaby, Heather AU - Dadou, Isabelle AU - Daewel, Ute AU - Wakelin, Sarah L. AU - Machu, Eric AU - Pushpadas, Dhanya AU - Butenschon, Momme AU - Artioli, Yuri AU - Petihakis, George AU - Smith, Chris AU - Garçon, Veronique AU - Goubanova, Katerina AU - Le Vu, Briac AU - Fach, Bettina A. AU - Salihoglu, Baris AU - Clementi, Emanuela AU - Irigoien, Xabier DO - 10.1111/gcb.12562 IS - 7 KW - ecosystem model food web plankton primary production sea warming trophic amplification PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2124-2139 ST - Biomass changes and trophic amplification of plankton in a warmer ocean T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Biomass changes and trophic amplification of plankton in a warmer ocean VL - 20 ID - 23363 ER - TY - EBOOK AU - CIA C4 - 49bc0ec5-1c4c-4a8a-8351-acf1c30dd2df CY - Washington, DC DA - 2017 PB - U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) PY - 2017 TI - The World Factbook UR - https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ ID - 22405 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Ciais, P. AU - Sabine, C. AU - Bala, G. AU - Bopp, L. AU - Brovkin, V. AU - Canadell, J. AU - Chhabra, A. AU - DeFries, R. AU - Galloway, J. AU - Heimann, M. AU - Jones, C. AU - Le Quéré, C. AU - Myneni, R.B. AU - Piao, S. AU - Thornton, P. C4 - 7316c70f-6b67-4a68-a23a-c9d9f604c003 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 SE - 6 SN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 465–570 ST - Carbon and other biogeochemical cycles T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Carbon and other biogeochemical cycles UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ ID - 16451 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ciavarella, Andrew AU - Stott, Peter AU - Lowe, Jason DA - 04/03/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3259 PY - 2017 SP - 326-330 ST - Early benefits of mitigation in risk of regional climate extremes T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Early benefits of mitigation in risk of regional climate extremes VL - 7 ID - 24507 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cinner, J. E. AU - McClanahan, T. R. AU - Graham, N. A. J. AU - Daw, T. M. AU - Maina, J. AU - Stead, S. M. AU - Wamukota, A. AU - Brown, K. AU - Bodin, Ö DA - 2012/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.09.018 IS - 1 KW - Vulnerability Fisheries Coral bleaching Global climate change Social-ecological systems Resilience Coral reef PY - 2012 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 12-20 ST - Vulnerability of coastal communities to key impacts of climate change on coral reef fisheries T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Vulnerability of coastal communities to key impacts of climate change on coral reef fisheries VL - 22 ID - 25059 ER - TY - CPAPER AB - We use time series of time-variable gravity from the NASA/DLR GRACE mission using a mascon approach to estimate the ice mass balance of the Earth’s Mountain Glaciers and Ice Caps (GICs), excluding the Antarctic and the Greenland peripheral glaciers, between January 2003 and October 2014. We estimate a total ice mass loss equal to -217 ± 33 Gt/yr, equivalent to a sea level rise of 0.6±0.09 mm/yr. The global signal is driven by a few regions, contributing to almost of 75% of the total ice mass loss. Among these areas, the main contributor is the Canadian Arctic Archipelago with a total mass loss of -75 ± 9 Gt/yr, followed by Alaska (-51 ± 10 Gt/yr), Patagonia (-26 ± 10 Gt/yr) and the High Mountains of Asia (-25 ± 13 Gt/yr). The mass loss for most of the arctic regions is not constant, but accelerates with time. The Canadian Archipelago, in particular, undergoes a strong acceleration in mass waste (-7±1 Gt/yr2). The signal acceleration is mainly driven by the northern located Queen Elisabeth Islands (-4.5 ± 0.6 Gt/yr2). A similar behavior is observed for Svalbard and the Russian Arctic. In this second case, however, we observe an enhanced mass loss starting from the second decade of the 21st century after a period of nearly stable mass balance. The observed acceleration helps reconcile regional ice mass estimates obtained for different time periods. AU - Ciraci, Enrico AU - Velicogna, Isabella AU - Wahr, John M. AU - Swenson, Sean C. CY - San Francisco, CA DA - December 2015 PB - American Geophysical Union PY - 2015 T2 - 2015 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting TI - Mass loss of glaciers and ice caps from GRACE during 2002-2015 UR - https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm15/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/74083 Y2 - 2017/09/22/20:50:55 ID - 22410 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CISA CY - Columbia, SC PB - Carolinas Integrated Sciences & Assessments (CISA) PY - 2016 SP - 4 ST - The South Carolina Floods of October 2015 TI - The South Carolina Floods of October 2015 UR - http://www.cisa.sc.edu/PDFs/October%202015%20Flood%20Event%204%20Pager.pdf ID - 24439 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Atlanta CY - Atlanta, GA PB - Mayor's Office of Sustainability PY - 2015 SP - 48 ST - Climate Action Plan TI - Climate Action Plan UR - https://atlantaclimateactionplan.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/atlanta-climate-action-plan-07-23-2015.pdf ID - 24442 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Atlanta PB - 100 Resilient Cities PY - 2017 SP - 150 ST - Resilient Atlanta: Actions to Build a More Equitable Future TI - Resilient Atlanta: Actions to Build a More Equitable Future UR - http://100resilientcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Atlanta-Resilience-Strategy-PDF-v2.pdf ID - 26345 ER - TY - PRESS AU - City of Boise CY - Boise, ID DA - August 24 PB - City of Boise, Public Works PY - 2016 ST - Boise City Opens National Precedent Setting Phosphorus Removal Facility TI - Boise City Opens National Precedent Setting Phosphorus Removal Facility UR - https://publicworks.cityofboise.org/news-releases/2016/08/boise-city-opens-national-precedent-setting-phosphorus-removal-facility/ ID - 24760 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Boston CY - Boston, MA PB - Boston Planning and Development Agency PY - 2017 SP - 14 ST - Climate Resiliency Guidance and Checklist TI - Climate Resiliency Guidance and Checklist UR - http://www.bostonplans.org/getattachment/5d668310-ffd1-4104-98fa-eef30424a9b3 ID - 26087 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Charleston CY - Charleston, SC PB - Mayor's Office PY - 2015 SP - 17 ST - Sea Level Rise Strategy TI - Sea Level Rise Strategy UR - http://www.charleston-sc.gov/DocumentCenter/View/10089 ID - 24443 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Chicago C6 - NCA PY - 2008 SP - 57 ST - Chicago Climate Action Plan: Our City. Our Future TI - Chicago Climate Action Plan: Our City. Our Future UR - http://www.chicagoclimateaction.org/filebin/pdf/finalreport/CCAPREPORTFINALv2.pdf VL - 2008 ID - 12929 ER - TY - PRESS AU - City of Chicago CY - Chicago, IL PB - City of Chicago Department of Transportation PY - 2012 ST - City Unveils “Greenest Street in America” in Pilsen Neighborhood TI - City Unveils “Greenest Street in America” in Pilsen Neighborhood UR - https://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/cdot/provdrs/conservation_outreachgreenprograms/news/2012/oct/cdot_opens_the_pilsensustainablestreet.html ID - 21297 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Chicago PY - 2014 SP - 44 ST - Green Stormwater Infrastructure Strategy TI - Green Stormwater Infrastructure Strategy UR - https://www.cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/progs/env/ChicagoGreenStormwaterInfrastructureStrategy.pdf ID - 26560 ER - TY - WEB AU - City of Chicago CY - Chicago, IL PB - Department of Buildings PY - 2017 ST - Combined Sewers TI - Combined Sewers UR - https://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/bldgs/supp_info/combined_sewers.html ID - 24597 ER - TY - WEB AU - City of Chicago PB - Office of Emergency Management and Communications PY - 2018 ST - Flood Preparedness [web site] TI - Flood Preparedness [web site] UR - https://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/oem/supp_info/alertready/flood-preparedness.html ID - 26452 ER - TY - WEB AU - City of Dubuque CY - Dubuque, IA M1 - August 1 PY - 2017 ST - Upper Bee Branch Creek Restoration TI - Upper Bee Branch Creek Restoration UR - http://www.cityofdubuque.org/1546/Upper-Bee-Branch-Creek-Restoration VL - 2017 ID - 23208 ER - TY - PRESS AU - City of Fayetteville CY - Fayetteville, AR PY - 2017 SP - 3 ST - Arkansans Can Take Steps to Respond to Climate Change TI - Arkansans Can Take Steps to Respond to Climate Change UR - http://www.fayetteville-ar.gov/DocumentCenter/View/14890/Commentary_Climate-Change?bidId= ID - 26344 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Fort Collins CY - Fort Collins, CO PY - 2015 SP - 51 ST - 2015 Climate Action Plan Framework TI - 2015 Climate Action Plan Framework UR - https://www.fcgov.com/environmentalservices/pdf/cap-framework-2015.pdf ID - 23210 ER - TY - WEB AU - City of Los Angeles PY - 2018 ST - One water LA [web site] TI - One water LA [web site] UR - https://www.lacitysan.org/san/faces/home/portal/s-lsh-es/s-lsh-es-owla ID - 26453 ER - TY - WEB AU - City of Minneapolis CY - Minneapolis, MN PB - Public Works PY - 2009 ST - City of Minneapolis Tree Cell Installation—Marq2 Project TI - City of Minneapolis Tree Cell Installation—Marq2 Project UR - http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/publicworks/stormwater/green/stormwater_green-initiatives_marq2-tree-install ID - 21308 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of New York CY - New York, NY KW - added by ERG PY - 2013 SP - 438 ST - A Stronger, More Resilient New York TI - A Stronger, More Resilient New York UR - https://www.nycedc.com/resource/stronger-more-resilient-new-york ID - 23116 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Norfolk CY - Norfolk, VA PY - 2016 SP - 50 ST - Norfolk Vision 2100 TI - Norfolk Vision 2100 UR - https://www.norfolk.gov/DocumentCenter/View/27768 ID - 25472 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Philadelphia CY - Philadelphia, PA PB - Mayor's Office of Sustainability PY - 2015 SP - various ST - Growing Stronger: Towards a Climate-Ready Philadelphia TI - Growing Stronger: Towards a Climate-Ready Philadelphia UR - https://beta.phila.gov/documents/growing-stronger-toward-a-climate-ready-philadelphia/ ID - 24582 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Pittsburgh CY - Pittsburgh, PA PB - 100 Resilient Cities and Rockefeller Foundation PY - 2016 SP - 59 ST - Resilient Pittsburgh TI - Resilient Pittsburgh UR - http://apps.pittsburghpa.gov/cis/PRA2016_Final_version.pdf ID - 23209 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Pittsburgh CY - Pittsburgh, PA PB - Department of City Planning PY - 2017 SP - 117 ST - ONE PGH: Pittsburgh’s Resilience Strategy TI - ONE PGH: Pittsburgh’s Resilience Strategy UR - http://pittsburghpa.gov/onepgh/documents/pgh_resilience_strategy.pdf ID - 25630 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Pittsburgh CY - PIttsburgh, PA PB - City Council PY - [2018] ST - Pittsburgh Climate Action Plan 3.0 TI - Pittsburgh Climate Action Plan 3.0 UR - http://apps.pittsburghpa.gov/redtail/images/645_PCAP_3.0_Presentation.pdf ID - 26264 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Portland CY - Portland, Oregon PB - City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services PY - 2010 SP - various ST - Portland’s Green Infrastructure: Quantifying the Health, Energy, and Community Livability Benefits. Prepared by ENTRIX TI - Portland’s Green Infrastructure: Quantifying the Health, Energy, and Community Livability Benefits. Prepared by ENTRIX UR - https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bes/article/298042 ID - 26488 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Portland and Multnomah County CY - Portland, OR PB - City of Portland and Multnomah County PY - 2014 SP - 70 ST - Climate Change Preparation Strategy: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment TI - Climate Change Preparation Strategy: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment UR - https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/article/503194 ID - 26523 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of San Francisco CY - San Francisco, CA N1 - Broader web site: http://sf-planning.org/sea-level-rise-action-plan PB - City and County of San Francisco PY - 2016 RP - Broader web site: http://sf-planning.org/sea-level-rise-action-plan SP - various ST - Sea Level Rise Action Plan TI - Sea Level Rise Action Plan UR - http://default.sfplanning.org/plans-and-programs/planning-for-the-city/sea-level-rise/160309_SLRAP_Final_ED.pdf ID - 23959 ER - TY - RPRT AU - City of Seattle CY - Seattle, WA PY - 2016 SP - 591 ST - Seattle 2035 Comprehensive Plan: Managing Growth to Become an Equitable and Sustainable City 2015–2035 TI - Seattle 2035 Comprehensive Plan: Managing Growth to Become an Equitable and Sustainable City 2015–2035 UR - http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/cs/groups/pan/@pan/documents/web_informational/p2580242.pdf ID - 26537 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Clancy, Justin B. AU - Grannis, Jessica CY - Washington, DC PB - Georgetown Climate Center PY - 2013 SP - 17 ST - Lessons Learned From [Hurricane] Irene: Climate Change, Federal Disaster Relief, and Barriers to Adaptive Reconstruction TI - Lessons Learned From [Hurricane] Irene: Climate Change, Federal Disaster Relief, and Barriers to Adaptive Reconstruction UR - http://www.georgetownclimate.org/reports/lessons-learned-from-irene-climate-change-federal-disaster-relief-and-barriers-to-adaptive-reconstruction.html ID - 24596 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clark, A. M. AU - Fagre, D. B. AU - Peitzsch, E. H. AU - Reardon, B. A. AU - Harper, J. T. DO - 10.5194/essd-9-47-2017 IS - 1 N1 - ESSD PY - 2017 SN - 1866-3516 SP - 47-61 ST - Glaciological measurements and mass balances from Sperry Glacier, Montana, USA, years 2005–2015 T2 - Earth System Science Data TI - Glaciological measurements and mass balances from Sperry Glacier, Montana, USA, years 2005–2015 VL - 9 ID - 21578 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Clark, Greg AU - Clark, Greg CY - London, UK N1 - ISBN 9780957691254 PB - Centre for London PY - 2014 RP - ISBN 9780957691254 SP - 66 ST - Nations and the Wealth of Cities: A New Phase in Public Policy TI - Nations and the Wealth of Cities: A New Phase in Public Policy UR - http://www.centreforlondon.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/CFLGCI_Nations_and_the_Wealth_of_Cities-optimised.pdf ID - 23199 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clark, James S. AU - Gelfand, Alan E. AU - Woodall, Christopher W. AU - Zhu, Kai DO - 10.1890/13-1015.1 IS - 5 KW - biodiversity climate change species abundance species distributions species occurrence species presence/absence zero inflation PY - 2014 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 990-999 ST - More than the sum of the parts: Forest climate response from joint species distribution models T2 - Ecological Applications TI - More than the sum of the parts: Forest climate response from joint species distribution models VL - 24 ID - 22023 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clark, James S. AU - Iverson, Louis AU - Woodall, Christopher W. AU - Allen, Craig D. AU - Bell, David M. AU - Bragg, Don C. AU - D'Amato, Anthony W. AU - Davis, Frank W. AU - Hersh, Michelle H. AU - Ibanez, Ines AU - Jackson, Stephen T. AU - Matthews, Stephen AU - Pederson, Neil AU - Peters, Matthew AU - Schwartz, Mark W. AU - Waring, Kristen M. AU - Zimmermann, Niklaus E. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13160 IS - 7 KW - climate change drought forest dieback forest management PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2329-2352 ST - The impacts of increasing drought on forest dynamics, structure, and biodiversity in the United States T2 - Global Change Biology TI - The impacts of increasing drought on forest dynamics, structure, and biodiversity in the United States VL - 22 ID - 21186 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Clark, Maureen CY - Alaska Region PB - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service PY - 2013 SN - Field Notes ST - Alaska Fire Management: From Hazard Fuel to Biofuel TI - Alaska Fire Management: From Hazard Fuel to Biofuel UR - https://www.fws.gov/FieldNotes/regmap.cfm?arskey=33746 ID - 25841 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global sea level rises and falls as ice sheets and glaciers melt and grow, providing an integrated picture of the changes in ice volume but little information about how much individual ice fields are contributing to those variations. Knowing the regional structure of ice variability during glaciations and deglaciations will clarify the mechanisms of the glacial cycle. Clark et al. (p. 710) compiled and analyzed more than 5000 radiocarbon and cosmogenic surface exposure ages in order to develop a record of maximum regional ice extent around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum. The responses of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres differed significantly, which reveals how the evolution of specific ice sheets affected sea level and provides insight into how insolation controlled the deglaciation.We used 5704 14C, 10Be, and 3He ages that span the interval from 10,000 to 50,000 years ago (10 to 50 ka) to constrain the timing of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in terms of global ice-sheet and mountain-glacier extent. Growth of the ice sheets to their maximum positions occurred between 33.0 and 26.5 ka in response to climate forcing from decreases in northern summer insolation, tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, and atmospheric CO2. Nearly all ice sheets were at their LGM positions from 26.5 ka to 19 to 20 ka, corresponding to minima in these forcings. The onset of Northern Hemisphere deglaciation 19 to 20 ka was induced by an increase in northern summer insolation, providing the source for an abrupt rise in sea level. The onset of deglaciation of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet occurred between 14 and 15 ka, consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in sea level ~14.5 ka. AU - Clark, Peter U. AU - Dyke, Arthur S. AU - Shakun, Jeremy D. AU - Carlson, Anders E. AU - Clark, Jorie AU - Wohlfarth, Barbara AU - Mitrovica, Jerry X. AU - Hostetler, Steven W. AU - McCabe, A. Marshall DO - 10.1126/science.1172873 IS - 5941 PY - 2009 SP - 710-714 ST - The last glacial maximum T2 - Science TI - The last glacial maximum VL - 325 ID - 20766 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Most of the policy debate surrounding the actions needed to mitigate and adapt to anthropogenic climate change has been framed by observations of the past 150 years as well as climate and sea-level projections for the twenty-first century. The focus on this 250-year window, however, obscures some of the most profound problems associated with climate change. Here, we argue that the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, a period during which the overwhelming majority of human-caused carbon emissions are likely to occur, need to be placed into a long-term context that includes the past 20 millennia, when the last Ice Age ended and human civilization developed, and the next ten millennia, over which time the projected impacts of anthropogenic climate change will grow and persist. This long-term perspective illustrates that policy decisions made in the next few years to decades will have profound impacts on global climate, ecosystems and human societies [mdash] not just for this century, but for the next ten millennia and beyond. AU - Clark, Peter U. AU - Shakun, Jeremy D. AU - Marcott, Shaun A. AU - Mix, Alan C. AU - Eby, Michael AU - Kulp, Scott AU - Levermann, Anders AU - Milne, Glenn A. AU - Pfister, Patrik L. AU - Santer, Benjamin D. AU - Schrag, Daniel P. AU - Solomon, Susan AU - Stocker, Thomas F. AU - Strauss, Benjamin H. AU - Weaver, Andrew J. AU - Winkelmann, Ricarda AU - Archer, David AU - Bard, Edouard AU - Goldner, Aaron AU - Lambeck, Kurt AU - Pierrehumbert, Raymond T. AU - Plattner, Gian-Kasper DA - 04//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2923 IS - 4 M3 - Perspective PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 360-369 ST - Consequences of twenty-first-century policy for multi-millennial climate and sea-level change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Consequences of twenty-first-century policy for multi-millennial climate and sea-level change VL - 6 ID - 19914 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It is now recognized that climate change affects human health. The question is how to adapt. This article examines mainstreaming climate considerations into public health programs and the utility of climate change and health adaptation frameworks, using Ontario, Canada, as a case study. AU - Clarke, Kaila-Lea AU - Berry, Peter DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s00038-011-0292-2 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1661-8564 SP - 167-174 ST - From theory to practice: A Canadian case study of the utility of climate change adaptation frameworks to address health impacts T2 - International Journal of Public Health TI - From theory to practice: A Canadian case study of the utility of climate change adaptation frameworks to address health impacts VL - 57 ID - 26101 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Clarke, L. AU - Edmonds, J. AU - Jacoby, H. AU - Pitcher, H. AU - Reilly, J AU - Richels, R. C6 - NCA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological & Environmental Research PY - 2007 SP - 154 ST - Scenarios of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Atmospheric Concentrations—US Climate Change Science Program Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1a. Sub-report 2.1A of Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1 TI - Scenarios of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Atmospheric Concentrations—US Climate Change Science Program Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1a. Sub-report 2.1A of Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1 UR - http://downloads.globalchange.gov/sap/sap2-1a/sap2-1a-final-all.pdf ID - 12947 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clarke, Leon AU - Eom, Jiyong AU - Marten, Elke Hodson AU - Horowitz, Russell AU - Kyle, Page AU - Link, Robert AU - Mignone, Bryan K. AU - Mundra, Anupriya AU - Zhou, Yuyu DA - 2018/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.eneco.2018.01.003 KW - Climate change impacts Integrated assessment Buildings energy demand PY - 2018 SN - 0140-9883 SP - 667-677 ST - Effects of long-term climate change on global building energy expenditures T2 - Energy Economics TI - Effects of long-term climate change on global building energy expenditures VL - 72 ID - 25903 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Edenhofer, O. A2 - Pichs-Madruga, R. A2 - Sokona, Y. A2 - Farahani, E. A2 - Kadner, S. A2 - Seyboth, K. A2 - Adler, A. A2 - Baum, I. A2 - Brunner, S. A2 - Eickemeier, P. A2 - Kriemann, B. A2 - Savolainen, J. A2 - Schlömer, S. A2 - Stechow, C. von A2 - Zwickel, T. A2 - Minx, J.C. AU - Clarke, L AU - Jiang, K AU - Akimoto, K AU - Babiker, M AU - Blanford, G AU - Fisher-Vanden, K AU - Hourcade, J-C AU - Krey, V AU - Kriegler, E AU - Löschel, A AU - McCollum, D AU - Paltsev, S AU - Rose, S AU - Shukla, PR AU - Tavoni, M AU - van der Zwaan, BCC AU - van Vuuren, D C4 - 2858760c-3d1c-4ab5-a93e-615021ffcf82 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 6 SP - 413-510 ST - Assessing transformation pathways T2 - Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Assessing transformation pathways UR - http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter6.pdf ID - 20227 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Clarke, L. AU - Nichols, L. AU - Vallario, R. AU - Hejazi, M. AU - Horing, J. AU - Janetos, A.C. AU - Mach, K. AU - Mastrandrea, M. AU - Orr, M. AU - Preston, B.L. AU - Reed, P. AU - Sands, R.D. AU - White, D.D. C4 - 48861be7-2074-4e51-ba44-b907c916c4da CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH17 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 17 SP - xxx ST - Sector Interactions, Multiple Stressors, and Complex Systems T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Sector Interactions, Multiple Stressors, and Complex Systems ID - 26651 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clay, Patricia M. AU - Olson, Julia IS - 2 PY - 2008 SP - 143-160 ST - Defining “fishing communities”: Vulnerability and the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act T2 - Human Ecology Review TI - Defining “fishing communities”: Vulnerability and the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act UR - http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her152/clayolson.pdf VL - 15 ID - 26178 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Clayton, Susan AU - Manning, Christie AU - Krygsman, Kirra AU - Speiser, Meighen CY - Washington, DC PB - American Psychological Association and ecoAmerica PY - 2017 SP - 69 ST - Mental Health and Our Changing Climate: Impacts, Implications, and Guidance TI - Mental Health and Our Changing Climate: Impacts, Implications, and Guidance UR - https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2017/03/mental-health-climate.pdf ID - 23204 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Clayton, S. AU - Manning, C.M. AU - Hodge, C. CY - Washington, DC PB - American Psychological Association and ecoAmerica PY - 2014 SP - 51 ST - Beyond Storms & Droughts: The Psychological Impacts of Climate Change TI - Beyond Storms & Droughts: The Psychological Impacts of Climate Change UR - http://ecoamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/eA_Beyond_Storms_and_Droughts_Psych_Impacts_of_Climate_Change.pdf ID - 18074 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cleetus, Rachel AU - Bueno, Ramón AU - Dahl, Kristina CY - Cambridge, MA PB - Union of Concerned Scientists PY - 2015 SP - 52 ST - Surviving and Thriving in the Face of Rising Seas: Building Resilience for Communities on the Front Lines of Climate Change TI - Surviving and Thriving in the Face of Rising Seas: Building Resilience for Communities on the Front Lines of Climate Change UR - https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/prepare-impacts/communities-on-front-lines-of-climate-change-sea-level-rise ID - 24038 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Clement, Joel P. AU - Bengtson, John L. AU - Kelly, Brendan P. CY - Washington, DC PB - Interagency Working Group on Coordination of Domestic Energy Development and Permitting in Alaska PY - 2013 SP - 59 ST - Managing for the Future in a Rapidly Changing Arctic: A Report to the President TI - Managing for the Future in a Rapidly Changing Arctic: A Report to the President UR - https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/misc_pdf/iamreport.pdf ID - 25842 ER - TY - WEB AU - Clemson Cooperative Extension CY - Clemson, SC PB - Clemson University PY - 2018 ST - About Peaches TI - About Peaches UR - https://www.clemson.edu/extension/peach/index.html ID - 24288 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cleveland CY - Cleveland, OH PB - Cleveland Forest Coalition PY - 2015 SP - 57 ST - The Cleveland Tree Plan TI - The Cleveland Tree Plan UR - http://www.city.cleveland.oh.us/sites/default/files/forms_publications/ClevelandTreePlan.pdf ID - 21299 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clifford, Angela AU - Lang, Linda AU - Chen, Ruoling AU - Anstey, Kaarin J. AU - Seaton, Anthony DA - 2016/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.018 KW - Air pollution Cognition Neurodevelopment PY - 2016 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 383-398 ST - Exposure to air pollution and cognitive functioning across the life course—A systematic literature review T2 - Environmental Research TI - Exposure to air pollution and cognitive functioning across the life course—A systematic literature review VL - 147 ID - 24704 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Climate Central CY - Princeton, NJ PB - Climate Central PY - 2012 SP - 18 ST - The Age of Western Wildfires TI - The Age of Western Wildfires UR - http://www.climatecentral.org/wgts/wildfires/Wildfires2012.pdf ID - 23599 ER - TY - WEB AU - Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Division (CCIAD) CY - Ottawa, ON M1 - August 24 PB - Natural Resources Canada PY - 2017 ST - Canada in a Changing Climate: Assessments TI - Canada in a Changing Climate: Assessments UR - http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/environment/impacts-adaptation/10029 ID - 26012 ER - TY - WEB AU - Climate Program Office CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - NOAA Climate Program Office PY - 2018 ST - Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessment (RISA) [web site] TI - Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessment (RISA) [web site] UR - https://cpo.noaa.gov/Meet-the-Divisions/Climate-and-Societal-Interactions/RISA ID - 25736 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Climate Ready Boston Steering Committee CY - Boston, MA PB - City of Boston PY - 2016 SP - 339 ST - Climate Ready Boston: Final Report TI - Climate Ready Boston: Final Report UR - https://www.boston.gov/sites/default/files/20161207_climate_ready_boston_digital2.pdf ID - 21882 ER - TY - WEB AU - Climate Science Centers PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2018 ST - Climate Science Centers [web site] TI - Climate Science Centers [web site] UR - https://nccwsc.usgs.gov/csc ID - 25735 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ClimateWise CY - Cambridge, UK PB - University of Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership PY - 2016 SP - 37 ST - Investing For Resilience TI - Investing For Resilience ID - 23211 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to alter species distributions and habitat suitability across the globe. Understanding these shifting distributions is critical for adaptive resource management. The role of temperature in fish habitat and energetics is well established and can be used to evaluate climate change effects on habitat distributions and food web interactions. Lake Superior water temperatures are rising rapidly in response to climate change and this is likely influencing species distributions and interactions. We use a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model that captures temperature changes in Lake Superior over the last 3 decades to investigate shifts in habitat size and duration of preferred temperatures for four different fishes. We evaluated habitat changes in two native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) ecotypes, siscowet and lean lake trout, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and walleye (Sander vitreus). Between 1979 and 2006, days with available preferred thermal habitat increased at a mean rate of 6, 7, and 5 days per decade for lean lake trout, Chinook salmon, and walleye, respectively. Siscowet lake trout lost 3 days per decade. Consequently, preferred habitat spatial extents increased at a rate of 579, 495 and 419 km2 per year for the lean lake trout, Chinook salmon, and walleye while siscowet lost 161 km2 per year during the modeled period. Habitat increases could lead to increased growth and production for three of the four fishes. Consequently, greater habitat overlap may intensify interguild competition and food web interactions. Loss of cold-water habitat for siscowet, having the coldest thermal preference, could forecast potential changes from continued warming. Additionally, continued warming may render more suitable conditions for some invasive species. AU - Cline, Timothy J. AU - Bennington, Val AU - Kitchell, James F. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0062279 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SP - e62279 ST - Climate change expands the spatial extent and duration of preferred thermal habitat for Lake Superior fishes T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Climate change expands the spatial extent and duration of preferred thermal habitat for Lake Superior fishes VL - 8 ID - 21212 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cline, Timothy J. AU - Kitchell, James F. AU - Bennington, Val AU - McKinley, Galen A. AU - Moody, Eric K. AU - Weidel, Brian C. C7 - art68 DO - 10.1890/ES14-00059.1 IS - 6 KW - adaptive management climate change Great Lakes host invasive species Lake Superior lake trout parasite sea lamprey PY - 2014 SN - 2150-8925 SP - 1-13 ST - Climate impacts on landlocked sea lamprey: Implications for host-parasite interactions and invasive species management T2 - Ecosphere TI - Climate impacts on landlocked sea lamprey: Implications for host-parasite interactions and invasive species management VL - 5 ID - 21226 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cloern, J.E. AU - Knowles, N. AU - Brown, L.R. AU - Cayan, D. AU - Dettinger, M.D. AU - Morgan, T.L. AU - Schoellhamer, D.H. AU - Stacey, M.T. AU - van der Wegen, M. AU - Wagner, R.W. AU - Jassby, A.D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0024465 IS - 9 PY - 2011 SN - 1932-6203 SP - e24465 ST - Projected evolution of California's San Francisco Bay-Delta-River System in a century of climate change T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Projected evolution of California's San Francisco Bay-Delta-River System in a century of climate change VL - 6 ID - 12954 ER - TY - WEB AU - Cloud, Harold A. AU - Morey, R. Vance CY - St. Paul, MN PB - University of Minnesota Extension PY - 2017 ST - Management of Stored Grain with Aeration [web site] TI - Management of Stored Grain with Aeration [web site] UR - https://extension.umn.edu/corn-harvest/managing-stored-grain-aeration ID - 21254 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clow, D.W. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/2009JCLI2951.1 IS - 9 PY - 2010 SN - 1520-0442 SP - 2293-2306 ST - Changes in the timing of snowmelt and streamflow in Colorado: A response to recent warming T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Changes in the timing of snowmelt and streamflow in Colorado: A response to recent warming VL - 23 ID - 12955 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CMG Landscape Architecture CY - San Francisco PB - CMG Landscape Architecture PY - 2016 SP - 80 ST - Crissy Field + Sea Level Rise-Up: Presentation to Community Workshop TI - Crissy Field + Sea Level Rise-Up: Presentation to Community Workshop UR - https://issuu.com/parks-conservancy/docs/crissy_field_sea_level_rise_analysi ID - 23958 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CNA Corporation CY - Arlington, VA PB - CNA Corporation PY - 2007 SP - 63 ST - National Security and the Threat of Climate Change TI - National Security and the Threat of Climate Change UR - https://www.cna.org/cna_files/pdf/National%20Security%20and%20the%20Threat%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf ID - 22138 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CNA Military Advisory Board CY - Alexandria, VA PB - CNA Corporation PY - 2014 SP - 36 ST - National Security and the Accelerating Risks of Climate Change TI - National Security and the Accelerating Risks of Climate Change UR - https://www.cna.org/cna_files/pdf/MAB_5-8-14.pdf ID - 22139 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana CY - Baton Rouge, LA PB - Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana PY - 2017 SP - 171 ST - Louisiana’s Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast TI - Louisiana’s Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast UR - http://coastal.la.gov/our-plan/2017-coastal-master-plan/ ID - 24455 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Iconic sagebrush ecosystems of the American West are threatened by larger and more frequent wildfires that can kill sagebrush and facilitate invasion by annual grasses, creating a cycle that alters sagebrush ecosystem recovery post disturbance. Thwarting this accelerated grass–fire cycle is at the forefront of current national conservation efforts, yet its impacts on wildlife populations inhabiting these ecosystems have not been quantified rigorously. Within a Bayesian framework, we modeled 30 y of wildfire and climatic effects on population rates of change of a sagebrush-obligate species, the greater sage-grouse, across the Great Basin of western North America. Importantly, our modeling also accounted for variation in sagebrush recovery time post fire as determined by underlying soil properties that influence ecosystem resilience to disturbance and resistance to invasion. Our results demonstrate that the cumulative loss of sagebrush to direct and indirect effects of wildfire has contributed strongly to declining sage-grouse populations over the past 30 y at large spatial scales. Moreover, long-lasting effects from wildfire nullified pulses of sage-grouse population growth that typically follow years of higher precipitation. If wildfire trends continue unabated, model projections indicate sage-grouse populations will be reduced to 43% of their current numbers over the next three decades. Our results provide a timely example of how altered fire regimes are disrupting recovery of sagebrush ecosystems and leading to substantial declines of a widespread indicator species. Accordingly, we present scenario-based stochastic projections to inform conservation actions that may help offset the adverse effects of wildfire on sage-grouse and other wildlife populations. AU - Coates, Peter S. AU - Ricca, Mark A. AU - Prochazka, Brian G. AU - Brooks, Matthew L. AU - Doherty, Kevin E. AU - Kroger, Travis AU - Blomberg, Erik J. AU - Hagen, Christian A. AU - Casazza, Michael L. DA - November 8, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1606898113 IS - 45 PY - 2016 SP - 12745-12750 ST - Wildfire, climate, and invasive grass interactions negatively impact an indicator species by reshaping sagebrush ecosystems T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Wildfire, climate, and invasive grass interactions negatively impact an indicator species by reshaping sagebrush ecosystems VL - 113 ID - 23745 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coats, Sloan AU - Smerdon, Jason E. AU - Seager, Richard AU - Griffin, Daniel AU - Cook, Benjamin I. DO - 10.1002/2015JD023085 IS - 16 KW - paleoclimate North American monsoon teleconnection 0429 Climate dynamics 1854 Precipitation 3344 Paleoclimatology 3335 North Amercan Monsoon 4522 ENSO PY - 2015 SN - 2169-8996 SP - 8052-8064 ST - Winter-to-summer precipitation phasing in southwestern North America: A multicentury perspective from paleoclimatic model-data comparisons T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - Winter-to-summer precipitation phasing in southwestern North America: A multicentury perspective from paleoclimatic model-data comparisons VL - 120 ID - 23746 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cochran, Patricia AU - Huntington, Orville H. AU - Pungowiyi, Caleb AU - Tom, Stanley AU - Chapin, F. Stuart, III AU - Huntington, Henry P. AU - Maynard, Nancy G. AU - Trainor, Sarah F. C6 - NCA DA - October 2013 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0735-2 ET - 26 March 2013 IS - 3 LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 557-567 ST - Indigenous frameworks for observing and responding to climate change in Alaska T2 - Climatic Change TI - Indigenous frameworks for observing and responding to climate change in Alaska VL - 120 ID - 12959 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Temperature and airport elevation significantly influence the maximum allowable takeoff weight of an aircraft by changing the surface air density and thus the lift produced at a given speed. For a given runway length, airport elevation, and aircraft type, there is a temperature threshold above which the airplane cannot take off at its maximum weight and thus must be weight restricted. The number of summer days necessitating weight restriction has increased since 1980 along with the observed increase in surface temperature. Climate change is projected to increase mean temperatures at all airports and to significantly increase the frequency and severity of extreme heat events at some. These changes will negatively affect aircraft performance, leading to increased weight restrictions, especially at airports with short runways and little room to expand. For a Boeing 737-800 aircraft, it was found that the number of weight-restriction days between May and September will increase by 50%–200% at four major airports in the United States by 2050–70 under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario. These performance reductions may have a negative economic effect on the airline industry. Increased weight restrictions have previously been identified as potential impacts of climate change, but this study is the first to quantify the effect of higher temperatures on commercial aviation. Planning for changes in extreme heat events will help the aviation industry to reduce its vulnerability to this aspect of climate change. AU - Coffel, E. AU - Horton, R. DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-14-00026.1 IS - 1 KW - Extreme events,Climate change,Economic value,Societal impacts PY - 2015 SP - 94-102 ST - Climate change and the impact of extreme temperatures on aviation T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Climate change and the impact of extreme temperatures on aviation VL - 7 ID - 24541 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Steadily rising mean and extreme temperatures as a result of climate change will likely impact the air transportation system over the coming decades. As air temperatures rise at constant pressure, air density declines, resulting in less lift generation by an aircraft wing at a given airspeed and potentially imposing a weight restriction on departing aircraft. This study presents a general model to project future weight restrictions across a fleet of aircraft with different takeoff weights operating at a variety of airports. We construct performance models for five common commercial aircraft and 19 major airports around the world and use projections of daily temperatures from the CMIP5 model suite under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emissions scenarios to calculate required hourly weight restriction. We find that on average, 10–30% of annual flights departing at the time of daily maximum temperature may require some weight restriction below their maximum takeoff weights, with mean restrictions ranging from 0.5 to 4% of total aircraft payload and fuel capacity by mid- to late century. Both mid-sized and large aircraft are affected, and airports with short runways and high temperatures, or those at high elevations, will see the largest impacts. Our results suggest that weight restriction may impose a non-trivial cost on airlines and impact aviation operations around the world and that adaptation may be required in aircraft design, airline schedules, and/or runway lengths. AU - Coffel, Ethan D. AU - Thompson, Terence R. AU - Horton, Radley M. DA - September 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2018-9 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 381-388 ST - The impacts of rising temperatures on aircraft takeoff performance T2 - Climatic Change TI - The impacts of rising temperatures on aircraft takeoff performance VL - 144 ID - 26021 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coffey, Rory AU - Benham, Brian AU - Krometis, Leigh-Anne AU - Wolfe, Mary Leigh AU - Cummins, Enda DA - 2014/05/04 DO - 10.1080/10807039.2013.802583 IS - 3 PY - 2014 SN - 1080-7039 SP - 724-742 ST - Assessing the effects of climate change on waterborne microorganisms: Implications for EU and U.S. water policy T2 - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal TI - Assessing the effects of climate change on waterborne microorganisms: Implications for EU and U.S. water policy VL - 20 ID - 21477 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The tropics, in general, and El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in particular are almost exclusively relied upon for seasonal forecasting. Much less considered and certainly more controversial is the idea that Arctic variability is influencing midlatitude weather. However, since the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Arctic has undergone the most rapid warming observed globally, referred to as Arctic amplification (AA), which has coincided with an observed increase in extreme weather. Analysis of observed trends in hemispheric circulation over the period of AA more closely resembles variability associated with Arctic boundary forcings than with tropical forcing. Furthermore, analysis of intraseasonal temperature variability shows that the cooling in midlatitude winter temperatures has been accompanied by an increase in temperature variability and not a decrease, popularly referred to as “weather whiplash.” AU - Cohen, Judah DO - 10.1002/2016GL069102 IS - 10 PY - 2016 SP - 5287-5294 ST - An observational analysis: Tropical relative to Arctic influence on midlatitude weather in the era of Arctic amplification T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - An observational analysis: Tropical relative to Arctic influence on midlatitude weather in the era of Arctic amplification VL - 43 ID - 25491 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent boreal winters have exhibited a large-scale seesaw temperature pattern characterized by an unusually warm Arctic and cold continents. Whether there is any physical link between Arctic variability and Northern Hemisphere (NH) extreme weather is an active area of research. Using a recently developed index of severe winter weather, we show that the occurrence of severe winter weather in the United States is significantly related to anomalies in pan-Arctic geopotential heights and temperatures. As the Arctic transitions from a relatively cold state to a warmer one, the frequency of severe winter weather in mid-latitudes increases through the transition. However, this relationship is strongest in the eastern US and mixed to even opposite along the western US. We also show that during mid-winter to late-winter of recent decades, when the Arctic warming trend is greatest and extends into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, severe winter weather—including both cold spells and heavy snows—became more frequent in the eastern United States. AU - Cohen, Judah AU - Pfeiffer, Karl AU - Francis, Jennifer A. DA - 2018/03/13 DO - 10.1038/s41467-018-02992-9 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - 2041-1723 SP - 869 ST - Warm Arctic episodes linked with increased frequency of extreme winter weather in the United States T2 - Nature Communications TI - Warm Arctic episodes linked with increased frequency of extreme winter weather in the United States VL - 9 ID - 26117 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wildland-urban interface (W-UI) fires are a significant concern for federal, state, and local land management and fire agencies. Research using modeling, experiments, and W-UI case studies indicates that home ignitability during wildland fires depends on the characteristics of the home and its immediate surroundings. These findings have implications for hazard assessment and risk mapping, effective mitigations, and identification of appropriate responsibility for reducing the potential for home loss caused by W-UI fires. AU - Cohen, Jack D. DO - 10.1093/jof/98.3.15 IS - 3 PY - 2000 SN - 0022-1201 SP - 15-21 ST - Preventing disaster: Home ignitability in the wildland-urban interface T2 - Journal of Forestry TI - Preventing disaster: Home ignitability in the wildland-urban interface VL - 98 ID - 25454 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cohen, Ronnie AU - Wolff, Gary AU - Nelson, Barry CY - Oakland, CA PB - Pacific Institute, Natural Resources Defense Council PY - 2004 SP - 78 ST - Energy Down the Drain: The Hidden Costs of California’s Water Supply TI - Energy Down the Drain: The Hidden Costs of California’s Water Supply UR - https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/edrain.pdf ID - 21455 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Riparian areas—and the cottonwoods, water birch, bull berry, and currants that flourish within them—hold special significance for Tribes of the Intermountain American West. These species have served ceremonial and practical purposes for generations. Yet cottonwoods have experienced well-documented declines over the past several decades, and serve as indicators of overall riparian change. Research generally attributes this shift to the development of water control infrastructure, altered flood regimes, invasive species, and grazing, and rightfully so. Less attention has been paid to the cultural and historical geographies underlying these vectors of change. This research focuses on the Wind River as a case study to examine the cultural and historical factors related to riparian change. Using remote sensing, interviews and document analysis, we specifically examine boundaries between tribal/non-tribal lands along the Wind River and (1) heterogeneous patterns of riparian change, (2) significant differences in settlement patterns and the development of water infrastructure, and (3) distinct differences in water governance and its power relationships. We conclude that riparian change is heterogeneous; differs temporally, spatially, and between cultural boundaries; and relates to a socio-ecological interplay of values, practices, and policies that underlie water control, flood regime change, and proliferation of invasive species. Ultimately this research suggests that examinations of riparian change would benefit from additional in depth analyses of cultural and historical geographies, and their temporal and spatial relationships. Furthermore, tribal sovereignty over land and water may have significant impacts on overall landscape mosaics, particularly regarding the maintenance of species that support traditional lifeways. AU - Cohn, Teresa Cavazos AU - Wyckoff, William AU - Rinella, Matt AU - Eitel, Jan DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s12685-016-0187-5 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1877-7244 SP - 405-429 ST - Seems like I hardly see them around anymore: Historical geographies of riparian change along the Wind River T2 - Water History TI - Seems like I hardly see them around anymore: Historical geographies of riparian change along the Wind River VL - 8 ID - 21628 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Colburn, Lisa L. AU - Jepson, Michael DA - 2012/05/01 DO - 10.1080/08920753.2012.677635 IS - 3 PY - 2012 SN - 0892-0753 SP - 289-300 ST - Social indicators of gentrification pressure in fishing communities: A context for social impact assessment T2 - Coastal Management TI - Social indicators of gentrification pressure in fishing communities: A context for social impact assessment VL - 40 ID - 26179 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Colburn, Lisa L. AU - Jepson, Michael AU - Weng, Changhua AU - Seara, Tarsila AU - Weiss, Jeremy AU - Hare, Jonathan A. DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.04.030 KW - Fishing communities Social vulnerability Climate change Indicators PY - 2016 SN - 0308-597X SP - 323-333 ST - Indicators of climate change and social vulnerability in fishing dependent communities along the Eastern and Gulf Coasts of the United States T2 - Marine Policy TI - Indicators of climate change and social vulnerability in fishing dependent communities along the Eastern and Gulf Coasts of the United States VL - 74 ID - 21849 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Colby, Bonnie G. AU - Thorson, John E. AU - Britton, Sarah C4 - 1deccb49-e3fa-4195-8d50-fe2264401101 CY - Tucson, AZ PB - University of Arizona Press PY - 2005 SN - 9780816524556 0816524556 SP - 215 ST - Negotiating Tribal Water Rights: Fullfilling Promises in the Arid West TI - Negotiating Tribal Water Rights: Fullfilling Promises in the Arid West ID - 25342 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cole, Kenneth L. AU - Ironside, Kirsten AU - Eischeid, Jon AU - Garfin, Gregg AU - Duffy, Phillip B. AU - Toney, Chris DO - 10.1890/09-1800.1 IS - 1 KW - climate change climate effects modeling extinct seed vectors Joshua tree Mohave Desert plant migration Yucca brevifolia PY - 2011 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 137-149 ST - Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction VL - 21 ID - 23747 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Coleman-Jensen, Alisha AU - Rabbitt, Matthew P. AU - Gregory, Christian A. AU - Singh, Anita CY - Washington, DC NV - Economic Research Report (ERR) 215 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service PY - 2016 SP - 36 ST - Household Food Security in the United States in 2015 TI - Household Food Security in the United States in 2015 UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=79760 ID - 23600 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Colgan, Charles S. AU - Calil, Juliano AU - Kite-Powell, Hauke AU - Jin, Di AU - Hoagland, Porter CY - Annapolis, MD PB - Center for the Blue Economy of the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey and the Marine Policy Center of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution PY - 2018 SP - 158 ST - Climate Change Vulnerabilities in the Coastal Mid-Atlantic Region TI - Climate Change Vulnerabilities in the Coastal Mid-Atlantic Region UR - http://midatlanticocean.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Climate-Change-Vulnerabilities-in-the-Coastal-Mid-Atlantic-Region.pdf ID - 26276 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Extratropical cyclone track density, genesis frequency, deepening rate, and maximum intensity distributions over eastern North America and the western North Atlantic were analyzed for 15 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) for the historical period (1979–2004) and three future periods (2009–38, 2039–68, and 2069–98). The cyclones were identified using an automated tracking algorithm applied to sea level pressure every 6 h. The CMIP5 results for the historical period were evaluated using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). The CMIP5 models were ranked given their track density, intensity, and overall performance for the historical period. It was found that six of the top seven CMIP5 models with the highest spatial resolution were ranked the best overall. These models had less underprediction of cyclone track density, more realistic distribution of intense cyclones along the U.S. East Coast, and more realistic cyclogenesis and deepening rates. The best seven models were used to determine projected future changes in cyclones, which included a 10%–30% decrease in cyclone track density and weakening of cyclones over the western Atlantic storm track, while in contrast there is a 10%–20% increase in cyclone track density over the eastern United States, including 10%–40% more intense (<980 hPa) cyclones and 20%–40% more rapid deepening rates just inland of the U.S. East Coast. Some of the reasons for these CMIP5 model differences were explored for the selected models based on model generated Eady growth rate, upper-level jet, surface baroclinicity, and precipitation. AU - Colle, Brian A. AU - Zhang, Zhenhai AU - Lombardo, Kelly A. AU - Chang, Edmund AU - Liu, Ping AU - Zhang, Minghua DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00498.1 IS - 18 KW - Extratropical cyclones,Climate models,Model comparison,Model evaluation/performance PY - 2013 SP - 6882-6903 ST - Historical evaluation and future prediction of eastern North American and western Atlantic extratropical cyclones in the CMIP5 models during the cool season T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Historical evaluation and future prediction of eastern North American and western Atlantic extratropical cyclones in the CMIP5 models during the cool season VL - 26 ID - 19916 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Laurentian Great Lakes of North America provide valuable ecosystem services, including fisheries, to the surrounding population. Given the prevalence of other anthropogenic stressors that have historically affected the fisheries of the Great Lakes (e.g., eutrophication, invasive species, overfishing), climate change is often viewed as a long-term stressor and, subsequently, may not always be prioritized by managers and researchers. However, climate change has the potential to negatively affect fish and fisheries in the Great Lakes through its influence on habitat. In this paper, we (1) summarize projected changes in climate and fish habitat in the Great Lakes; (2) summarize fish responses to climate change in the Great Lakes; (3) describe key interactions between climate change and other stressors relevant to Great Lakes fish, and (4) summarize how climate change can be incorporated into fisheries management. In general, fish habitat is projected to be characterized by warmer temperatures throughout the water column, less ice cover, longer periods of stratification, and more frequent and widespread periods of bottom hypoxia in productive areas of the Great Lakes. Based solely on thermal habitat, fish populations theoretically could experience prolonged optimal growth environment within a changing climate, however, models that assess physical habitat influences at specific life stages convey a more complex picture. Looking at specific interactions with other stressors, climate change may exacerbate the negative impacts of both eutrophication and invasive species for fish habitat in the Great Lakes. Although expanding monitoring and research to consider climate change interactions with currently studied stressors, may offer managers the best opportunity to keep the valuable Great Lakes fisheries sustainable, this expansion is globally applicable for large lake ecosystem dealing with multiple stressors in the face of continued human-driven changes. AU - Collingsworth, Paris D. AU - Bunnell, David B. AU - Murray, Michael W. AU - Kao, Yu-Chun AU - Feiner, Zachary S. AU - Claramunt, Randall M. AU - Lofgren, Brent M. AU - Höök, Tomas O. AU - Ludsin, Stuart A. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s11160-017-9480-3 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-5184 SP - 363-391 ST - Climate change as a long-term stressor for the fisheries of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America T2 - Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries TI - Climate change as a long-term stressor for the fisheries of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America VL - 27 ID - 21122 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Collins, M. AU - Knutti, R. AU - Arblaster, J. AU - Dufresne, J.-L. AU - Fichefet, T. AU - Friedlingstein, P. AU - Gao, X. AU - Gutowski, W.J. AU - Johns, T. AU - Krinner, G. AU - Shongwe, M. AU - Tebaldi, C. AU - Weaver, A.J. AU - Wehner, M. C4 - b3bbc7b5-067e-4c23-8d9b-59faee21e58e CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 SE - 12 SN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 1029–1136 ST - Long-term climate change: Projections, commitments and irreversibility T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Long-term climate change: Projections, commitments and irreversibility UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ ID - 16452 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Collins, Mathias J. AU - Kirk, Johnathan P. AU - Pettit, Joshua AU - DeGaetano, Arthur T. AU - McCown, M. Sam AU - Peterson, Thomas C. AU - Means, Tiffany N. AU - Zhang, Xuebin DA - 2014/05/04 DO - 10.1080/02723646.2014.888510 IS - 3 PY - 2014 SN - 0272-3646 SP - 195-219 ST - Annual floods in New England (USA) and Atlantic Canada: Synoptic climatology and generating mechanisms T2 - Physical Geography TI - Annual floods in New England (USA) and Atlantic Canada: Synoptic climatology and generating mechanisms VL - 35 ID - 26022 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Collins, S.D. AU - McIntyre, N.E. IS - 2 N1 - Access restricted for 3 years: https://www.odonatacentral.org/index.php/IssueAction.get/issue_id/573/volume_id/191 PY - 2017 SN - 1061-3781 SP - 7-19 ST - Extreme loss of diversity of riverine dragonflies in the northeastern US is predicted in the face of climate change T2 - Bulletin of American Odonatology TI - Extreme loss of diversity of riverine dragonflies in the northeastern US is predicted in the face of climate change VL - 12 ID - 21848 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Colombi, Benedict J. C1 - Full publication date: Winter 2012 DO - 10.5250/amerindiquar.36.1.0075 IS - 1 PY - 2012 SN - 0095182X, 15341828 SP - 75-97 ST - Salmon and the adaptive capacity of Nimiipuu (Nez Perce) culture to cope with change T2 - American Indian Quarterly TI - Salmon and the adaptive capacity of Nimiipuu (Nez Perce) culture to cope with change VL - 36 ID - 24680 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Colombi, Benedict J. AU - Smith, Courtland L. IS - 2 PY - 2014 SP - 189-201 ST - Insights on adaptive capacity: Three indigenous Pacific Northwest historical narratives T2 - Journal of Northwest Anthropology TI - Insights on adaptive capacity: Three indigenous Pacific Northwest historical narratives UR - https://oregonstate.edu/instruct/anth/smith/Colombi&Smith_JONA_2014_n2.pdf VL - 48 ID - 24705 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Colt, S. AU - Goldsmith, S. AU - Wiita, A. PB - Institute for Social and Economic Research PY - 2003 SP - 260 ST - Sustainable Utilities in Rural Alaska: Effective Management, Maintenance and Operation of Electric, Water, Sewer, Bulk Fuel, Solid Waste TI - Sustainable Utilities in Rural Alaska: Effective Management, Maintenance and Operation of Electric, Water, Sewer, Bulk Fuel, Solid Waste UR - https://pubs.iseralaska.org/media/83c5ba1a-c524-40fc-be8b-f66cd66a68a1/sustainB.pdf VL - Part A ID - 22188 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Colten, Craig C4 - 60165103-bf76-4bdc-a1f7-f43389eb76f5 DO - 10.21690/foge/2017.60.2f PY - 2017 ST - Floods collide with sprawl in Louisiana’s Amite River Basin T2 - Focus on Geography TI - Floods collide with sprawl in Louisiana’s Amite River Basin VL - 60 ID - 24281 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Louisiana faces extensive coastal land loss which threatens the livelihoods of marginalized populations. These groups have endured extreme disruptive events in the past and have survived in the region by relying on several resilient practices, including mobility. Facing environmental changes that will be wrought by deliberate coastal restoration programs, elderly residents are resisting migration while younger residents continue a decades-long inland migration. Interviews and historical records illustrate a complex intersection of resilient practices and environmental migration. The process underway conflicts to some extent with prevailing concepts in environmental migration, most notably deviating from established migration patterns. In terms of social justice, selective out-migration of younger adults leaves a more vulnerable population behind, but also provides a supplementary source of income and social links to inland locales. Organized resistance to restoration projects represents a social justice response to programs that threaten the resource-based livelihoods of coastal residents while offering protection to safer inland urban residents. AU - Colten, Craig E. AU - Simms, Jessica R. Z. AU - Grismore, Audrey A. AU - Hemmerling, Scott A. DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s10113-017-1115-7 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1436-378X SP - 371-383 ST - Social justice and mobility in coastal Louisiana, USA T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - Social justice and mobility in coastal Louisiana, USA VL - 18 ID - 25330 ER - TY - THES A3 - Sagebien, Julia AU - Comas Pagan, Myrna CY - Rio Piedras, PR DA - December PB - University of Puerto Rico PY - 2009 SP - various ST - Vulnerabilidad de las cadenas de suministros, el cambio climático y el desarrollo de estrategias de adaptación: El caso de las cadenas de suministros de alimento de Puerto Rico T2 - International Business Program TI - Vulnerabilidad de las cadenas de suministros, el cambio climático y el desarrollo de estrategias de adaptación: El caso de las cadenas de suministros de alimento de Puerto Rico UR - https://search.proquest.com/openview/8ef0f3eec1f25f71eaa29c877eac2157/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y VL - Ph.D. ID - 25077 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Combs, Susan CY - Austin, TX NV - Publications# 96-1704 PB - Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts PY - 2012 SP - 13 ST - The Impact of the 2011 Drought and Beyond TI - The Impact of the 2011 Drought and Beyond UR - https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth542095/m2/1/high_res_d/txcs-0790.pdf ID - 23279 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Comeau, S. AU - Carpenter, R. C. AU - Edmunds, P. J. DO - 10.1098/rspb.2013.1153 IS - 1764 PY - 2013 ST - Response to coral reef calcification: Carbonate, bicarbonate and proton flux under conditions of increasing ocean acidification T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Response to coral reef calcification: Carbonate, bicarbonate and proton flux under conditions of increasing ocean acidification VL - 280 ID - 24848 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Comeaux, Rebecca S. AU - Allison, Mead A. AU - Bianchi, Thomas S. DA - 2012/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.10.003 KW - mangrove swamps wetlands coastal erosion climate change sea level PY - 2012 SN - 0272-7714 SP - 81-95 ST - Mangrove expansion in the Gulf of Mexico with climate change: Implications for wetland health and resistance to rising sea levels T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science TI - Mangrove expansion in the Gulf of Mexico with climate change: Implications for wetland health and resistance to rising sea levels VL - 96 ID - 24302 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Sapat, Alka A2 - Esnard, Ann-Margaret AU - Comerio, Mary C. C4 - a7c6db25-d8af-4e1e-ae15-8cd2f9286da7 CY - Boca Raton, FL PB - CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group PY - 2017 SN - 978-1498722865 SP - 3-20 ST - Disaster recovery and community renewal: Housing approaches T2 - Coming Home after Disaster: Multiple Dimensions of Housing Recovery TI - Disaster recovery and community renewal: Housing approaches ID - 24036 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Comiso, Josefino C. AU - Hall, Dorothy K. DO - 10.1002/wcc.277 IS - 3 PY - 2014 SN - 1757-7799 SP - 389-409 ST - Climate trends in the Arctic as observed from space T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change TI - Climate trends in the Arctic as observed from space VL - 5 ID - 19397 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Community Partners Steering Committee CY - Seattle, WA PB - Office of Sustainability & Environment PY - 2016 SP - 41 ST - Equity and Environment Agenda TI - Equity and Environment Agenda UR - http://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/OSE/SeattleEquityAgenda.pdf ID - 26536 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Con Edison CY - New York PB - Consolidated Edison Company PY - 2013 SP - 162 ST - Storm Hardening and Resiliency Collaborative Report TI - Storm Hardening and Resiliency Collaborative Report ID - 21340 ER - TY - PRESS AU - Con Edison CY - New York PB - Consolidated Edison Company PY - 2016 SP - 162 ST - Con Edison Close To Completing $1 Billion In Post-Sandy Storm Protections TI - Con Edison Close To Completing $1 Billion In Post-Sandy Storm Protections UR - https://www.coned.com/en/about-con-edison/media/news/20161029/post-sandy ID - 21341 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Conant, R.T. AU - Kluck, D. AU - Anderson, M. AU - Badger, A. AU - Boustead, B.M. AU - Derner, J. AU - Farris, L. AU - Hayes, M. AU - Livneh, B. AU - McNeeley, S. AU - Peck, D. AU - Shulski, M. AU - Small, V. C4 - 9657f9e1-cdae-44b7-9264-a5f8a6994d75 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH22 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 22 SP - xxx ST - Northern Great Plains T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Northern Great Plains ID - 26659 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes CY - Pablo, MT PY - 2013 SP - 71 ST - Climate Change Strategic Plan: Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes TI - Climate Change Strategic Plan: Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes UR - http://www.csktribes.org/CSKTClimatePlan.pdf ID - 21667 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Nasser, E. A2 - Petersen, S. A2 - Mills, P. AU - Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation CY - Pendleton, OR PB - CTUIR-DOSE PY - 2015 SP - 79 ST - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment TI - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment UR - http://adaptationinternational.com/s/CTUIR-Vulnerability-Assessment-Technical-Report-FINAL.pdf ID - 25343 ER - TY - WEB AU - Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs CY - Warms Springs, OR PY - 2017 ST - Climate and Health Perspectives: Voices of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs [web videos] TI - Climate and Health Perspectives: Voices of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs [web videos] UR - https://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/HEALTHYENVIRONMENTS/CLIMATECHANGE/Pages/perspectives.aspx ID - 26509 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Congalton, Russell G. AU - Gu, Jianyu AU - Yadav, Kamini AU - Thenkabail, Prasad AU - Ozdogan, Mutlu DO - 10.3390/rs61212070 IS - 12 PY - 2014 SP - 12070-12093 ST - Global land cover mapping: A review and uncertainty analysis T2 - Remote Sensing TI - Global land cover mapping: A review and uncertainty analysis VL - 6 ID - 22568 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Conley, Daniel J. AU - Carstensen, Jacob AU - Aigars, Juris AU - Axe, Philip AU - Bonsdorff, Erik AU - Eremina, Tatjana AU - Haahti, Britt-Marie AU - Humborg, Christoph AU - Jonsson, Per AU - Kotta, Jonne AU - Lännegren, Christer AU - Larsson, Ulf AU - Maximov, Alexey AU - Medina, Miguel Rodriguez AU - Lysiak-Pastuszak, Elzbieta AU - Remeikaitė-Nikienė, Nijolė AU - Walve, Jakob AU - Wilhelms, Sunhild AU - Zillén, Lovisa DA - 2011/08/15 DO - 10.1021/es201212r IS - 16 PY - 2011 SN - 0013-936X SP - 6777-6783 ST - Hypoxia is increasing in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Hypoxia is increasing in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea VL - 45 ID - 20012 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham MD) AU - Conley, Heather A. AU - Pumphrey, David L. AU - Toland, Terence M. AU - David, Mihaela CY - Washington, DC N1 - ISBN: 978-1-4422-2487-2 (pb) 978-1-4422-2488-9 (eBook) PB - Center for Strategic & International Studies PY - 2013 RP - ISBN: 978-1-4422-2487-2 (pb) 978-1-4422-2488-9 (eBook) SP - 66 ST - Arctic Economics in the 21st Century: The Benefits and Costs of Cold TI - Arctic Economics in the 21st Century: The Benefits and Costs of Cold UR - https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/130710_Conley_ArcticEconomics_WEB.pdf ID - 25843 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Conlon, Kathryn C. AU - Rajkovich, Nicholas B. AU - White-Newsome, Jalonne L. AU - Larsen, Larissa AU - O’Neill, Marie S. DO - 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.04.004 IS - 3 N1 - Ch7 PY - 2011 SN - 03785122 SP - 197-202 ST - Preventing cold-related morbidity and mortality in a changing climate T2 - Maturitas TI - Preventing cold-related morbidity and mortality in a changing climate VL - 69 ID - 17771 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Conner, William H. AU - Doyle, Thomas W. AU - Krauss, Ken W. CY - Dordrecht, The Netherlands PB - Springer PY - 2007 SN - 978-1-4020-5094-7 SP - 518 ST - Ecology of Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands of the Southeastern United States TI - Ecology of Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands of the Southeastern United States ID - 12980 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Connolly, Matt DA - October 14 PY - 2015 SP - 8 ST - Hampton Roads, Virginia and the military’s battle against sea level rise T2 - [Center for Climate and Security] Briefer TI - Hampton Roads, Virginia and the military’s battle against sea level rise UR - https://climateandsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/hampton-roads-virginia-and-military-battle-against-sea-level-rise.pdf VL - 27 ID - 25473 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Conover, John H. C4 - e7dc07d6-bc20-49fa-96c5-2554e2f909a3 CY - Boston, MA PB - American Meteorological Society PY - 1990 SN - 0933876890 978-0933876897 SP - 514 ST - The Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory: The First 100 Years, 1885–1985 TI - The Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory: The First 100 Years, 1885–1985 ID - 25413 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Conrad IV, Joseph L. AU - Demchik, Michael C. AU - Vokoun, Melinda M. AU - Evans, Alexander M. AU - Lynch, Michael P. DO - 10.5849/FS-2016-051 PY - 2017 ST - Foresters' perceptions of the frequency, cost, and rationale for seasonal timber harvesting restrictions in Wisconsin T2 - Forest Science TI - Foresters' perceptions of the frequency, cost, and rationale for seasonal timber harvesting restrictions in Wisconsin ID - 21236 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As climate change impacts, particularly rising sea levels, manifest there is a high probability that some island populations will be faced with the need to relocate. This article discusses several discourses around migration options for people affected by climate change impacts in small island developing states. Options currently available to citizens of the Pacific nations of Tuvalu and the Marshall Islands are explored, including the perspective that high levels of customary land tenure in the Pacific are a barrier to permanent movement to other Pacific countries. Migration to Pacific Rim countries such as Australia, New Zealand and the USA is complicated by strict migration eligibility criteria, which often require proof of language abilities and income, and may restrict the number of accompanying dependants. The Compact of Free Association provides visa-free entry to the USA for citizens of the Marshall Islands, but the lack of financial assistance restricts eligibility to those with existing financial resources or family networks that can provide access to capital. The difficulty of directly attributing single weather/climate events to climate change hinders the formulation of a definition of climate change-related migration. This obstacle in turn hinders the establishment of effective visa categories and migration routes for what is likely to become a growing number of people in coming decades. AU - Constable, Amy Louise DA - 2017/04/01/ DO - 10.1007/s10113-016-1004-5 DP - link.springer.com IS - 4 LA - en PY - 2017 SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X SP - 1029-1038 ST - Climate change and migration in the Pacific: Options for Tuvalu and the Marshall Islands T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - Climate change and migration in the Pacific: Options for Tuvalu and the Marshall Islands VL - 17 Y2 - 2017/09/25/23:04:52 ID - 22411 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Contosta, Alexandra R. AU - Adolph, Alden AU - Burchsted, Denise AU - Burakowski, Elizabeth AU - Green, Mark AU - Guerra, David AU - Albert, Mary AU - Dibb, Jack AU - Martin, Mary AU - McDowell, William H. AU - Routhier, Michael AU - Wake, Cameron AU - Whitaker, Rachel AU - Wollheim, Wilfred DO - 10.1111/gcb.13517 IS - 4 KW - climate change energy balance lag snow soil spring stream temperature transition PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1610-1625 ST - A longer vernal window: The role of winter coldness and snowpack in driving spring transitions and lags T2 - Global Change Biology TI - A longer vernal window: The role of winter coldness and snowpack in driving spring transitions and lags VL - 23 ID - 21740 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the Southwest and Central Plains of Western North America, climate change is expected to increase drought severity in the coming decades. These regions nevertheless experienced extended Medieval-era droughts that were more persistent than any historical event, providing crucial targets in the paleoclimate record for benchmarking the severity of future drought risks. We use an empirical drought reconstruction and three soil moisture metrics from 17 state-of-the-art general circulation models to show that these models project significantly drier conditions in the later half of the 21st century compared to the 20th century and earlier paleoclimatic intervals. This desiccation is consistent across most of the models and moisture balance variables, indicating a coherent and robust drying response to warming despite the diversity of models and metrics analyzed. Notably, future drought risk will likely exceed even the driest centuries of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (1100–1300 CE) in both moderate (RCP 4.5) and high (RCP 8.5) future emissions scenarios, leading to unprecedented drought conditions during the last millennium. AU - Cook, Benjamin I. AU - Ault, Toby R. AU - Smerdon, Jason E. DO - 10.1126/sciadv.1400082 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - e1400082 ST - Unprecedented 21st century drought risk in the American Southwest and Central Plains T2 - Science Advances TI - Unprecedented 21st century drought risk in the American Southwest and Central Plains VL - 1 ID - 20415 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Research on the forcing of drought and pluvial events over North America is dominated by general circulation model experiments that often have operational limitations (e.g., computational expense, ability to simulate relevant processes, etc). We use a statistically based modeling approach to investigate sea surface temperature (SST) forcing of the twentieth century pluvial (1905–1917) and drought (1932–1939, 1948–1957, 1998–2002) events. A principal component (PC) analysis of Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) from the North American Drought Atlas separates the drought variability into five leading modes accounting for 62% of the underlying variance. Over the full period spanning these events (1900–2005), the first three PCs significantly correlate with SSTs in the equatorial Pacific (PC 1), North Pacific (PC 2), and North Atlantic (PC 3), with spatial patterns (as defined by the empirical orthogonal functions) consistent with our understanding of North American drought responses to SST forcing. We use a large ensemble statistical modeling approach to determine how successfully we can reproduce these drought/pluvial events using these three modes of variability. Using Pacific forcing only (PCs 1–2), we are able to reproduce the 1948–1957 drought and 1905–1917 pluvial above a 95% random noise threshold in over 90% of the ensemble members; the addition of Atlantic forcing (PCs 1–2–3) provides only marginal improvement. For the 1998–2002 drought, Pacific forcing reproduces the drought above noise in over 65% of the ensemble members, with the addition of Atlantic forcing increasing the number passing to over 80%. The severity of the drought, however, is underestimated in the ensemble median, suggesting this drought intensity can only be achieved through internal variability or other processes. Pacific only forcing does a poor job of reproducing the 1932–1939 drought pattern in the ensemble median, and less than one third of ensemble members exceed the noise threshold (28%). Inclusion of Atlantic forcing improves the ensemble median drought pattern and nearly doubles the number of ensemble members passing the noise threshold (52%). Even with the inclusion of Atlantic forcing, the intensity of the simulated 1932–1939 drought is muted, and the drought itself extends too far into the southwest and southern Great Plains. To an even greater extent than the 1998–2002 drought, these results suggest much of the variance in the 1932–1939 drought is dependent on processes other than SST forcing. This study highlights the importance of internal noise and non SST processes for hydroclimatic variability over North America, complementing existing research using general circulation models. AU - Cook, Benjamin I. AU - Cook, Edward R. AU - Anchukaitis, Kevin J. AU - Seager, Richard AU - Miller, Ron L. DA - September 01 DO - 10.1007/s00382-010-0897-9 IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2011 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 1097-1110 ST - Forced and unforced variability of twentieth century North American droughts and pluvials T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Forced and unforced variability of twentieth century North American droughts and pluvials VL - 37 ID - 21478 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), Western North America experienced episodes of intense aridity that persisted for multiple decades or longer. These megadroughts are well documented in many proxy records, but the causal mechanisms are poorly understood. General circulation models (GCMs) simulate megadroughts, but do not reproduce the temporal clustering of events during the MCA, suggesting they are not caused by the time history of volcanic or solar forcing. Instead, GCMs generate megadroughts through (1) internal atmospheric variability, (2) sea-surface temperatures, and (3) land surface and dust aerosol feedbacks. While no hypothesis has been definitively rejected, and no GCM has accurately reproduced all features (e.g., timing, duration, and extent) of any specific megadrought, their persistence suggests a role for processes that impart memory to the climate system (land surface and ocean dynamics). Over the 21st century, GCMs project an increase in the risk of megadrought occurrence through greenhouse gas forced reductions in precipitation and increases in evaporative demand. This drying is robust across models and multiple drought indicators, but major uncertainties still need to be resolved. These include the potential moderation of vegetation evaporative losses at higher atmospheric [CO2], variations in land surface model complexity, and decadal to multidecadal modes of natural climate variability that could delay or advance onset of aridification over the the next several decades. Because future droughts will arise from both natural variability and greenhouse gas forced trends in hydroclimate, improving our understanding of the natural drivers of persistent multidecadal megadroughts should be a major research priority. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:411–432. doi: 10.1002/wcc.394 This article is categorized under: Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Paleoclimate Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models AU - Cook, Benjamin I. AU - Cook, Edward R. AU - Smerdon, Jason E. AU - Seager, Richard AU - Williams, A. Park AU - Coats, Sloan AU - Stahle, David W. AU - Díaz, José Villanueva DO - 10.1002/wcc.394 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SP - 411-432 ST - North American megadroughts in the Common Era: Reconstructions and simulations T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change TI - North American megadroughts in the Common Era: Reconstructions and simulations VL - 7 ID - 26347 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The “Dust Bowl” drought of the 1930s was highly unusual for North America, deviating from the typical pattern forced by “La Nina” with the maximum drying in the central and northern Plains, warm temperature anomalies across almost the entire continent, and widespread dust storms. General circulation models (GCMs), forced by sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from the 1930s, produce a drought, but one that is centered in southwestern North America and without the warming centered in the middle of the continent. Here, we show that the inclusion of forcing from human land degradation during the period, in addition to the anomalous SSTs, is necessary to reproduce the anomalous features of the Dust Bowl drought. The degradation over the Great Plains is represented in the GCM as a reduction in vegetation cover and the addition of a soil dust aerosol source, both consequences of crop failure. As a result of land surface feedbacks, the simulation of the drought is much improved when the new dust aerosol and vegetation boundary conditions are included. Vegetation reductions explain the high temperature anomaly over the northern U.S., and the dust aerosols intensify the drought and move it northward of the purely ocean-forced drought pattern. When both factors are included in the model simulations, the precipitation and temperature anomalies are of similar magnitude and in a similar location compared with the observations. Human-induced land degradation is likely to have not only contributed to the dust storms of the 1930s but also amplified the drought, and these together turned a modest SST-forced drought into one of the worst environmental disasters the U.S. has experienced. AU - Cook, Benjamin I. AU - Miller, Ron L. AU - Seager, Richard C6 - NCA DO - 10.1073/pnas.0810200106 IS - 13 N1 - 10.1073/pnas.0810200106 PY - 2009 SP - 4997-5001 ST - Amplification of the North American “Dust Bowl” drought through human-induced land degradation T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Amplification of the North American “Dust Bowl” drought through human-induced land degradation VL - 106 ID - 12982 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global warming is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts in the twenty-first century, but the relative contributions from changes in moisture supply (precipitation) versus evaporative demand (potential evapotranspiration; PET) have not been comprehensively assessed. Using output from a suite of general circulation model (GCM) simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, projected twenty-first century drying and wetting trends are investigated using two offline indices of surface moisture balance: the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). PDSI and SPEI projections using precipitation and Penman-Monteith based PET changes from the GCMs generally agree, showing robust cross-model drying in western North America, Central America, the Mediterranean, southern Africa, and the Amazon and robust wetting occurring in the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes and east Africa (PDSI only). The SPEI is more sensitive to PET changes than the PDSI, especially in arid regions such as the Sahara and Middle East. Regional drying and wetting patterns largely mirror the spatially heterogeneous response of precipitation in the models, although drying in the PDSI and SPEI calculations extends beyond the regions of reduced precipitation. This expansion of drying areas is attributed to globally widespread increases in PET, caused by increases in surface net radiation and the vapor pressure deficit. Increased PET not only intensifies drying in areas where precipitation is already reduced, it also drives areas into drought that would otherwise experience little drying or even wetting from precipitation trends alone. This PET amplification effect is largest in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes, and is especially pronounced in western North America, Europe, and southeast China. Compared to PDSI projections using precipitation changes only, the projections incorporating both precipitation and PET changes increase the percentage of global land area projected to experience at least moderate drying (PDSI standard deviation of ≤−1) by the end of the twenty-first century from 12 to 30 %. PET induced moderate drying is even more severe in the SPEI projections (SPEI standard deviation of ≤−1; 11 to 44 %), although this is likely less meaningful because much of the PET induced drying in the SPEI occurs in the aforementioned arid regions. Integrated accounting of both the supply and demand sides of the surface moisture balance is therefore critical for characterizing the full range of projected drought risks tied to increasing greenhouse gases and associated warming of the climate system. AU - Cook, Benjamin I. AU - Smerdon, Jason E. AU - Seager, Richard AU - Coats, Sloan DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s00382-014-2075-y IS - 9 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 2607-2627 ST - Global warming and 21st century drying T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Global warming and 21st century drying VL - 43 ID - 24270 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Cook, Edward R. AU - Bartlein, Patrick J. AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah AU - Seager, Richard AU - Shuman, Bryan N. AU - Webb, Robert S. AU - Williams, John W. AU - Woodhouse, Connie C4 - ccb91f7a-b26a-412a-a084-e7fe2cd741f4 CY - Reston, VA PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2008 SP - 67-115 ST - Hydrological variability and change T2 - Abrupt Climate Change. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research TI - Hydrological variability and change UR - https://www.globalchange.gov/browse/reports/sap-34-abrupt-climate-change ID - 25392 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The U.S. Household Food Security Scale, developed with federal support for use in national surveys, is an effective research tool. This study uses these new measures to examine associations between food insecurity and health outcomes in young children. The purpose of this study was to determine whether household food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes in a sentinel population ages ≤ 36 mo. We conducted a multisite retrospective cohort study with cross-sectional surveys at urban medical centers in 5 states and Washington DC, August 1998–December 2001. Caregivers of 11,539 children ages ≤ 36 mo were interviewed at hospital clinics and emergency departments (ED) in central cities. Outcome measures included child’s health status, hospitalization history, whether child was admitted to hospital on day of ED visit (for subsample interviewed in EDs), and a composite growth-risk variable. In this sample, 21.4% of households were food insecure (6.8% with hunger). In a logistic regression, after adjusting for confounders, food-insecure children had odds of “fair or poor” health nearly twice as great [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.66–2.18], and odds of being hospitalized since birth almost a third larger (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.16–1.48) than food-secure children. A dose-response relation appeared between fair/poor health status and severity of food insecurity. Effect modification occurred between Food Stamps and food insecurity; Food Stamps attenuated (but did not eliminate) associations between food insecurity and fair/poor health. Food insecurity is associated with health problems for young, low-income children. Ensuring food security may reduce health problems, including the need for hospitalizations. AU - Cook, John T. AU - Frank, Deborah A. AU - Berkowitz, Carol AU - Black, Maureen M. AU - Casey, Patrick H. AU - Cutts, Diana B. AU - Meyers, Alan F. AU - Zaldivar, Nieves AU - Skalicky, Anne AU - Levenson, Suzette AU - Heeren, Tim AU - Nord, Mark DA - June 1, 2004 IS - 6 PY - 2004 SP - 1432-1438 ST - Food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes among human infants and toddlers T2 - Journal of Nutrition TI - Food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes among human infants and toddlers UR - http://jn.nutrition.org/content/134/6/1432.abstract VL - 134 ID - 24706 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Simulations from 18 coupled atmosphere–ocean GCMs are analyzed to predict changes in the climatological Great Plains low-level jet (GPLLJ) and Midwest U.S. hydrology resulting from greenhouse gas increases during the twenty-first century. To build confidence in the prediction, models are selected for analysis based on their twentieth-century simulations, and their simulations of the future are diagnosed to ensure that the response is reasonable. Confidence in the model projections is also bolstered by agreement among models, in a so-called multimodel ensemble, and by analogy with present-day interannual variability. The GCMs agree that the GPLLJ will be more intense in April, May, and June in the future. The selected models even agree on the reason for this intensification, namely, a westward extension and strengthening of the North Atlantic subtropical high (the Bermuda high) that occurs when greenhouse gas–induced warming over the continental United States exceeds that of the subtropical Atlantic in the spring. Accompanying the changes in the GPLLJ are springtime precipitation increases of 20%–40% in the upper Mississippi Valley, which are closely associated with intensified meridional moisture convergence by the jet, with decreases to the south, which results in reduced moist static stability in the region. The simulated differences in the Midwest circulation and hydrology in the spring for the twenty-first century are similar to the observed moisture balance and circulation anomalies for May and, especially, June of 1993, a year of devastating floods throughout the Mississippi Valley. AU - Cook, Kerry H. AU - Vizy, Edward K. AU - Launer, Zachary S. AU - Patricola, Christina M. DO - 10.1175/2008jcli2355.1 IS - 23 KW - Jet,Precipitation,North America,Coupled models PY - 2008 SP - 6321-6340 ST - Springtime intensification of the Great Plains low-level jet and midwest precipitation in GCM simulations of the twenty-first century T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Springtime intensification of the Great Plains low-level jet and midwest precipitation in GCM simulations of the twenty-first century VL - 21 ID - 21200 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To improve the resiliency of designs, particularly for long-lived infrastructure, current engineering practice must be updated to incorporate a range of future climate conditions that are likely to be different from the past. However, a considerable mismatch exists between climate model outputs and the data inputs needed for engineering designs. This paper provides a framework for incorporating climate trends into design standards and applications, including selecting the appropriate climate model source based on the intended application, understanding model performance and uncertainties, addressing differences in temporal and spatial scales, and interpreting results for engineering design. The framework is illustrated through an application to depth-duration-frequency curves, which are commonly used in stormwater design. A change factor method is used to update the curves in a case study of Pittsburgh. Extreme precipitation depth is expected to increase in the future for Pittsburgh for all return periods and durations examined, requiring revised standards and designs. Doubling the return period and using historical, stationary values may enable adequate design for short-duration storms; however, this method is shown to be insufficient to enable protective designs for longer-duration storms. AU - Cook, Lauren M. AU - Anderson, Christopher J. AU - Samaras, Constantine DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000382 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SP - 04017027 ST - Framework for incorporating downscaled climate output into existing engineering methods: Application to precipitation frequency curves T2 - Journal of Infrastructure Systems TI - Framework for incorporating downscaled climate output into existing engineering methods: Application to precipitation frequency curves VL - 23 ID - 24187 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cooley, Heather AU - Cohen, Michael AU - Phurisamban, Rapichan AU - Gruère, Guillaume CY - Paris DO - 10.1787/5jlr3bx95v48-en NV - OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers No. 96 PB - OECD Publishing PY - 2016 SP - 29 ST - Water Risk Hotspots for Agriculture: The Case of the Southwest United States TI - Water Risk Hotspots for Agriculture: The Case of the Southwest United States ID - 23956 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cooley, S. R. AU - Doney, S. C. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/4/2/024007 IS - 024007 KW - fisheries; Marine; ocean acidification PY - 2009 SP - 8 ST - Anticipating ocean acidification’s economic consequences for commercial fisheries T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Anticipating ocean acidification’s economic consequences for commercial fisheries VL - 4 ID - 12987 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ocean acidification, the progressive change in ocean chemistry caused by uptake of atmospheric CO2, is likely to affect some marine resources negatively, including shellfish. The Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) supports one of the most economically important single-species commercial fisheries in the United States. Careful management appears to be the most powerful short-term factor affecting scallop populations, but in the coming decades scallops will be increasingly influenced by global environmental changes such as ocean warming and ocean acidification. In this paper, we describe an integrated assessment model (IAM) that numerically simulates oceanographic, population dynamic, and socioeconomic relationships for the U.S. commercial sea scallop fishery. Our primary goal is to enrich resource management deliberations by offering both short- and long-term insight into the system and generating detailed policy-relevant information about the relative effects of ocean acidification, temperature rise, fishing pressure, and socioeconomic factors on the fishery using a simplified model system. Starting with relationships and data used now for sea scallop fishery management, the model adds socioeconomic decision making based on static economic theory and includes ocean biogeochemical change resulting from CO2 emissions. The model skillfully reproduces scallop population dynamics, market dynamics, and seawater carbonate chemistry since 2000. It indicates sea scallop harvests could decline substantially by 2050 under RCP 8.5 CO2 emissions and current harvest rules, assuming that ocean acidification affects P. magellanicus by decreasing recruitment and slowing growth, and that ocean warming increases growth. Future work will explore different economic and management scenarios and test how potential impacts of ocean acidification on other scallop biological parameters may influence the social-ecological system. Future empirical work on the effect of ocean acidification on sea scallops is also needed. AU - Cooley, Sarah R. AU - Rheuban, Jennie E. AU - Hart, Deborah R. AU - Luu, Victoria AU - Glover, David M. AU - Hare, Jonathan A. AU - Doney, Scott C. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0124145 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - e0124145 ST - An integrated assessment model for helping the United States sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery plan ahead for ocean acidification and warming T2 - PLOS ONE TI - An integrated assessment model for helping the United States sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery plan ahead for ocean acidification and warming VL - 10 ID - 21846 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Record low snowpack conditions were observed at Snow Telemetry stations in the Cascades Mountains, USA during the winters of 2014 and 2015. We tested the hypothesis that these winters are analogs for the temperature sensitivity of Cascades snowpacks. In the Oregon Cascades, the 2014 and 2015 winter air temperature anomalies were approximately +2 °C and +4 °C above the climatological mean. We used a spatially distributed snowpack energy balance model to simulate the sensitivity of multiple snowpack metrics to a +2 °C and +4 °C warming and compared our modeled sensitivities to observed values during 2014 and 2015. We found that for each +1 °C warming, modeled basin-mean peak snow water equivalent (SWE) declined by 22%–30%, the date of peak SWE (DPS) advanced by 13 days, the duration of snow cover (DSC) shortened by 31–34 days, and the snow disappearance date (SDD) advanced by 22–25 days. Our hypothesis was not borne out by the observations except in the case of peak SWE; other snow metrics did not resemble predicted values based on modeled sensitivities and thus are not effective analogs of future temperature sensitivities. Rather than just temperature, it appears that the magnitude and phasing of winter precipitation events, such as large, late spring snowfall, controlled the DPS, SDD, and DSC. AU - Cooper, Matthew G. AU - Nolin, Anne W. AU - Safeeq, Mohammad DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/8/084009 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 084009 ST - Testing the recent snow drought as an analog for climate warming sensitivity of Cascades snowpacks T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Testing the recent snow drought as an analog for climate warming sensitivity of Cascades snowpacks VL - 11 ID - 22005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cooper, Stacy PY - 2017 SP - 1 ST - Pollen and outdoor mold season update T2 - [State of Alaska] Epidemiology Bulletin TI - Pollen and outdoor mold season update UR - http://www.epi.alaska.gov/bulletins/docs/b2017_10.pdf VL - 10 ID - 22155 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coopersmith, E. J. AU - Bell, J. E. AU - Benedict, K. AU - Shriber, J. AU - McCotter, O. AU - Cosh, M. H. DO - 10.1002/2016GH000033 IS - 1 KW - coccidioidomycosis valley fever soil moisture machine learning modeling 1719 Hydrology 1866 Soil moisture 1894 Instruments and techniques: modeling 1984 Statistical methods: Descriptive 1914 Data mining PY - 2017 SN - 2471-1403 SP - 51-63 ST - Relating coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) incidence to soil moisture conditions T2 - GeoHealth TI - Relating coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) incidence to soil moisture conditions VL - 1 ID - 24132 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coppock, D. Layne DA - 2011/11/01/ DO - 10.2111/REM-D-10-00113.1 IS - 6 KW - adaptive management climate change policy range livestock risk management social-ecological systems PY - 2011 SN - 1550-7424 SP - 607-618 ST - Ranching and multiyear droughts in Utah: Production impacts, risk perceptions, and changes in preparedness T2 - Rangeland Ecology & Management TI - Ranching and multiyear droughts in Utah: Production impacts, risk perceptions, and changes in preparedness VL - 64 ID - 23749 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Corell, Robert W. AU - Liverman, Diana AU - Dow, Kirstin AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Kunkel, Kenneth AU - Mearns, Linda O. AU - Melillo, Jerry C4 - e837c4b1-917b-4daa-8af4-4307a843b559 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J03R0QR3 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 707-718 ST - Ch. 29: Research needs for climate and global change assessments T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 29: Research needs for climate and global change assessments UR - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/response-strategies/research-needs ID - 12993 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Corendea, Cosmin AU - Bello, Valeria AU - Bryar, Timothy CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 2015/09// N1 - ISBN: 9789822020 PB - Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat; UN University GCM and EHS PY - 2015 RP - ISBN: 9789822020 SP - 33 ST - Promoting Human Security and Minimizing Conflict Associated with Forced-Migration in the Pacific Region T2 - Pacific Policy Brief TI - Promoting Human Security and Minimizing Conflict Associated with Forced-Migration in the Pacific Region UR - https://gcm.unu.edu/publications/policy-reports/pacific-prejudice-and-conflict-in-forced-migration-issues.html ID - 22412 ER - TY - WEB AU - CoRIS PB - NOAA Coral Reef Information System (CoRIS) PY - 2018 ST - The Coral Program's Watershed Management Activities [web site] TI - The Coral Program's Watershed Management Activities [web site] UR - www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/projects/watershed/ ID - 26449 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Corlew, Laura Kate AU - Keener, Victoria AU - Finucane, Melissa AU - Brewington, Laura AU - Nunn-Crichton, Rachel DA - 2015/12// DO - 10.1016/j.psi.2015.07.004 DP - CrossRef IS - 3 KW - Vulnerability Adaptation networks policy LA - en PY - 2015 SN - 11320559 SP - 133-146 ST - Using social network analysis to assess communications and develop networking tools among climate change professionals across the Pacific Islands region T2 - Psychosocial Intervention TI - Using social network analysis to assess communications and develop networking tools among climate change professionals across the Pacific Islands region VL - 24 Y2 - 2016/01/15/01:28:49 ID - 22413 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cornford, S. L. AU - Martin, D. F. AU - Payne, A. J. AU - Ng, E. G. AU - Le Brocq, A. M. AU - Gladstone, R. M. AU - Edwards, T. L. AU - Shannon, S. R. AU - Agosta, C. AU - van den Broeke, M. R. AU - Hellmer, H. H. AU - Krinner, G. AU - Ligtenberg, S. R. M. AU - Timmermann, R. AU - Vaughan, D. G. DO - 10.5194/tc-9-1579-2015 IS - 4 N1 - TC PY - 2015 SN - 1994-0424 SP - 1579-1600 ST - Century-scale simulations of the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a warming climate T2 - The Cryosphere TI - Century-scale simulations of the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a warming climate VL - 9 ID - 25196 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cortekar, Jörg AU - Bender, Steffen AU - Brune, Miriam AU - Groth, Markus DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.cliser.2016.11.002 KW - Adaptation Cities Climate change Climate services Prototype development Stakeholder process PY - 2016 SN - 2405-8807 SP - 42-51 ST - Why climate change adaptation in cities needs customised and flexible climate services T2 - Climate Services TI - Why climate change adaptation in cities needs customised and flexible climate services VL - 4 ID - 23172 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Cosens, Barbara A2 - Royster, Judith V. AU - Cosens, Barbara C4 - e8459082-160f-464d-a92d-14ef002ff462 CY - Albuquerque, NM PB - University of New Mexico Press PY - 2012 SN - 0826351220 9780826351227 SP - 5-21 ST - The legacy of Winters v. United States and the Winters Doctrine, one hundred years later T2 - The Future of Indian and Federal Reserved Water Rights: The Winters Centennial TI - The legacy of Winters v. United States and the Winters Doctrine, one hundred years later ID - 25344 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cosens, Barbara AU - Chaffin, Brian DO - 10.3390/w8030097 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 2073-4441 SP - 97 ST - Adaptive governance of water resources shared with Indigenous Peoples: The role of law T2 - Water TI - Adaptive governance of water resources shared with Indigenous Peoples: The role of law VL - 8 ID - 25345 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cosselman, Kristen E. AU - Navas-Acien, Ana AU - Kaufman, Joel D. DA - 10/13/online DO - 10.1038/nrcardio.2015.152 M3 - Review Article PY - 2015 SP - 627-642 ST - Environmental factors in cardiovascular disease T2 - Nature Reviews Cardiology TI - Environmental factors in cardiovascular disease VL - 12 ID - 24679 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Costa, Hélia AU - Floater, Graham AU - Hooyberghs, Hans AU - Verbeke, Stijn AU - De Ridder, Koen CY - London, UK PB - Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment PY - 2016 SN - Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy Working Paper No. 278 and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment Working Paper No. 248 SP - 15 ST - Climate Change, Heat Stress and Labour Productivity: A Cost Methodology for City Economies TI - Climate Change, Heat Stress and Labour Productivity: A Cost Methodology for City Economies UR - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/publication/climate-change-heat-stress-and-labour-productivity-a-cost-methodology-for-city-economies/ ID - 25631 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Costanza, Jennifer AU - Beck, Scott AU - Pyne, Milo AU - Terando, Adam AU - Rubino, Matthew J. AU - White, Rickie AU - Collazo, Jaime CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/ofr20161073 NV - USGS Open-File Report 2016-1073 PB - US Geological Survey PY - 2016 SP - 278 ST - Assessing Climate-Sensitive Ecosystems in the Southeastern United States TI - Assessing Climate-Sensitive Ecosystems in the Southeastern United States ID - 24432 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Costanza, Robert AU - de Groot, Rudolf AU - Sutton, Paul AU - van der Ploeg, Sander AU - Anderson, Sharolyn J. AU - Kubiszewski, Ida AU - Farber, Stephen AU - Turner, R. Kerry DA - 2014/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.002 KW - Ecosystem services Global value Monetary units Natural capital PY - 2014 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 152-158 ST - Changes in the global value of ecosystem services T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Changes in the global value of ecosystem services VL - 26 ID - 24303 ER - TY - JOUR AB - What would extensive fishery reform look like? In addition, what would be the benefits and trade-offs of implementing alternative approaches to fisheries management on a worldwide scale? To find out, we assembled the largest-of-its-kind database and coupled it to state-of-the-art bioeconomic models for more than 4,500 fisheries around the world. We find that, in nearly every country of the world, fishery recovery would simultaneously drive increases in food provision, fishery profits, and fish biomass in the sea. Our results suggest that a suite of approaches providing individual or communal access rights to fishery resources can align incentives across profit, food, and conservation so that few trade-offs will have to be made across these objectives in selecting effective policy interventions.Data from 4,713 fisheries worldwide, representing 78% of global reported fish catch, are analyzed to estimate the status, trends, and benefits of alternative approaches to recovering depleted fisheries. For each fishery, we estimate current biological status and forecast the impacts of contrasting management regimes on catch, profit, and biomass of fish in the sea. We estimate unique recovery targets and trajectories for each fishery, calculate the year-by-year effects of alternative recovery approaches, and model how alternative institutional reforms affect recovery outcomes. Current status is highly heterogeneous—the median fishery is in poor health (overfished, with further overfishing occurring), although 32% of fisheries are in good biological, although not necessarily economic, condition. Our business-as-usual scenario projects further divergence and continued collapse for many of the world’s fisheries. Applying sound management reforms to global fisheries in our dataset could generate annual increases exceeding 16 million metric tons (MMT) in catch, $53 billion in profit, and 619 MMT in biomass relative to business as usual. We also find that, with appropriate reforms, recovery can happen quickly, with the median fishery taking under 10 y to reach recovery targets. Our results show that commonsense reforms to fishery management would dramatically improve overall fish abundance while increasing food security and profits. AU - Costello, Christopher AU - Ovando, Daniel AU - Clavelle, Tyler AU - Strauss, C. Kent AU - Hilborn, Ray AU - Melnychuk, Michael C. AU - Branch, Trevor A. AU - Gaines, Steven D. AU - Szuwalski, Cody S. AU - Cabral, Reniel B. AU - Rader, Douglas N. AU - Leland, Amanda DO - 10.1073/pnas.1520420113 IS - 18 PY - 2016 SP - 5125-5129 ST - Global fishery prospects under contrasting management regimes T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Global fishery prospects under contrasting management regimes VL - 113 ID - 24835 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Costello, Sheryl L. AU - Schaupp, Willis C. DA - 2011/03/01 DO - 10.1649/0010-065X-65.1.21 IS - 1 PY - 2011 SN - 0010-065X SP - 21-23 ST - First Nebraska state collection record of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) T2 - Coleopterists Bulletin TI - First Nebraska state collection record of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) VL - 65 Y2 - 2017/10/17 ID - 22004 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A large agronomic literature models the implications of climate change for a variety of crops and locations around the world. The goal of the present paper is to quantify the macro-level consequences of these micro-level shocks. Using an extremely rich micro-level data set that contains information about the productivity—both before and after climate change—of each of 10 crops for each of 1.7 million fields covering the surface of the earth, we find that the impact of climate change on these agricultural markets would amount to a 0.26 percent reduction in global GDP when trade and production patterns are allowed to adjust. Since the value of output in our 10 crops is equal to 1.8 percent of world GDP, this corresponds to about one-sixth of total crop value. AU - Costinot, Arnaud AU - Donaldson, Dave AU - Smith, Cory DO - 10.1086/684719 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 205-248 ST - Evolving comparative advantage and the impact of climate change in agricultural markets: Evidence from 1.7 million fields around the world T2 - Journal of Political Economy TI - Evolving comparative advantage and the impact of climate change in agricultural markets: Evidence from 1.7 million fields around the world VL - 124 ID - 26149 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cottle, Paul AU - Strawbridge, Kevin AU - McKendry, Ian DA - 2014/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.005 KW - Lidar Aerosols Long range transport Smoke Air quality 2012 PY - 2014 SN - 1352-2310 SP - 71-77 ST - Long-range transport of Siberian wildfire smoke to British Columbia: Lidar observations and air quality impacts T2 - Atmospheric Environment TI - Long-range transport of Siberian wildfire smoke to British Columbia: Lidar observations and air quality impacts VL - 90 ID - 24269 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Cotton, William R. AU - Pielke Sr., Roger A. C4 - 0efdec8f-41ff-436e-9aa2-0a2c0739fa6f CY - Cambridge; New York DO - 10.1017/CBO9780511808319 ET - 2nd PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2007 SN - 9780511808319 SP - 308 ST - Human Impacts on Weather and Climate TI - Human Impacts on Weather and Climate ID - 22569 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coulston, John W. AU - Wear, David N. AU - Vose, James M. DA - 01/23/online DO - 10.1038/srep08002 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SP - 8002 ST - Complex forest dynamics indicate potential for slowing carbon accumulation in the southeastern United States T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Complex forest dynamics indicate potential for slowing carbon accumulation in the southeastern United States VL - 5 ID - 22002 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) PB - CSTE PY - 2016 SP - 12 ST - Heat-Related Illness Syndrome Query: A Guidance Document for Implementing Heat-Related Illness Syndromic Surveillance in Public Health Practice TI - Heat-Related Illness Syndrome Query: A Guidance Document for Implementing Heat-Related Illness Syndromic Surveillance in Public Health Practice UR - http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.cste.org/resource/resmgr/pdfs/pdfs2/CSTE_Heat_Syndrome_Case_Defi.pdf ID - 21288 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Steinbruner, John D. A2 - Stern, Paul C. A2 - Husbands, Jo L. AB - Climate change can reasonably be expected to increase the frequency and intensity of a variety of potentially disruptive environmental events--slowly at first, but then more quickly. It is prudent to expect to be surprised by the way in which these events may cascade, or have far-reaching effects. During the coming decade, certain climate-related events will produce consequences that exceed the capacity of the affected societies or global systems to manage; these may have global security implications. Although focused on events outside the United States, Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis recommends a range of research and policy actions to create a whole-of-government approach to increasing understanding of complex and contingent connections between climate and security, and to inform choices about adapting to and reducing vulnerability to climate change. AU - Council, National Research C4 - 9e7e9908-727f-46a6-90da-0a7f078293ed CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/14682 KW - Environment and Environmental Studies Behavioral and Social Sciences Earth Sciences Conflict and Security Issues LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2013 SN - 978-0-309-27856-0 SP - 252 ST - Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis TI - Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis ID - 26154 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Couttenier, Mathieu AU - Soubeyran, Raphael DO - 10.1111/ecoj.12042 IS - 575 PY - 2014 SP - 201-244 ST - Drought and civil war in sub‐Saharan Africa T2 - Economic Journal TI - Drought and civil war in sub‐Saharan Africa VL - 124 ID - 22085 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coutts, Christopher AU - Hahn, Micah DO - 10.3390/ijerph120809768 IS - 8 PY - 2015 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 9768 ST - Green infrastructure, ecosystem services, and human health T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Green infrastructure, ecosystem services, and human health VL - 12 ID - 24678 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Couvillion, Brady R. AU - Beck, Holly AU - Schoolmaster, Donald AU - Fischer, Michelle CY - Reston, VA DB - USGS Publications Warehouse DO - 10.3133/sim3381 LA - English M3 - Report PB - U. S. Geological Survey PY - 2017 SN - Scientific Investigations Map 3381 SP - 16 ST - Land Area Change in Coastal Louisiana (1932 to 2016) TI - Land Area Change in Coastal Louisiana (1932 to 2016) ID - 26325 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Record-breaking summer heat waves were experienced across the contiguous United States during the decade-long “Dust Bowl” drought in the 1930s. Using high-quality daily temperature observations, the Dust Bowl heat wave characteristics are assessed with metrics that describe variations in heat wave activity and intensity. Despite the sparser station coverage in the early record, there is robust evidence for the emergence of exceptional heat waves across the central Great Plains, the most extreme of which were preconditioned by anomalously dry springs. This is consistent with the entire twentieth-century record: summer heat waves over the Great Plains develop on average ~15–20 days earlier after anomalously dry springs, compared to summers following wet springs. Heat waves following dry springs are also significantly longer and hotter, indicative of the importance of land surface feedbacks in heat wave intensification. A distinctive anomalous continental-wide circulation pattern accompanied exceptional heat waves in the Great Plains, including those of the Dust Bowl decade. An anomalous broad surface pressure ridge straddling an upper-level blocking anticyclone over the western United States forced substantial subsidence and adiabatic warming over the Great Plains, and triggered anomalous southward warm advection over southern regions. This prolonged and amplified the heat waves over the central United States, which in turn gradually spread westward following heat wave emergence. The results imply that exceptional heat waves are preconditioned, triggered, and strengthened across the Great Plains through a combination of spring drought, upper-level continental-wide anticyclonic flow, and warm advection from the north. AU - Cowan, Tim AU - Hegerl, Gabriele C. AU - Colfescu, Ioana AU - Bollasina, Massimo AU - Purich, Ariaan AU - Boschat, Ghyslaine DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-16-0436.1 IS - 7 KW - Atmosphere-land interaction,Feedback,Heating,Drought,Extreme events,Synoptic-scale processes PY - 2017 SP - 2437-2461 ST - Factors contributing to record-breaking heat waves over the Great Plains during the 1930s Dust Bowl T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Factors contributing to record-breaking heat waves over the Great Plains during the 1930s Dust Bowl VL - 30 ID - 25414 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cowley, F. C. AU - Barber, D. G. AU - Houlihan, A. V. AU - Poppi, D. P. DA - 2015/04/01/ DO - 10.3168/jds.2014-8442 IS - 4 KW - heat stress milk protein restricted intake casein PY - 2015 SN - 0022-0302 SP - 2356-2368 ST - Immediate and residual effects of heat stress and restricted intake on milk protein and casein composition and energy metabolism T2 - Journal of Dairy Science TI - Immediate and residual effects of heat stress and restricted intake on milk protein and casein composition and energy metabolism VL - 98 ID - 23510 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Concern about impacts of climate change in the Bering Sea prompted several research programs to elucidate mechanistic links between climate and ecosystem responses. Following a detailed literature review, Hunt et al. (2011) (Deep-Sea Res. II, 49, 2002, 5821) developed a conceptual framework, the Oscillating Control Hypothesis (OCH), linking climate-related changes in physical oceanographic conditions to stock recruitment using walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) as a model. The OCH conceptual model treats zooplankton as a single box, with reduced zooplankton production during cold conditions, producing bottom-up control of apex predators and elevated zooplankton production during warm periods leading to top-down control by apex predators. A recent warming trend followed by rapid cooling on the Bering Sea shelf permitted testing of the OCH. During warm years (2003–06), euphausiid and Calanus marshallae populations declined, post-larval pollock diets shifted from a mixture of large zooplankton and small copepods to almost exclusively small copepods, and juvenile pollock dominated the diets of large predators. With cooling from 2006–09, populations of large zooplankton increased, post-larval pollock consumed greater proportions of C. marshallae and other large zooplankton, and juvenile pollock virtually disappeared from the diets of large pollock and salmon. These shifts in energy flow were accompanied by large declines in pollock stocks attributed to poor recruitment between 2001 and 2005. Observations presented here indicate the need for revision of the OCH to account for shifts in energy flow through differing food-web pathways due to warming and cooling on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf. AU - Coyle, K. O. AU - Eisner, L. B. AU - Mueter, F. J. AU - Pinchuk, A. I. AU - Janout, M. A. AU - Cieciel, K. D. AU - Farley, E. V. AU - Andrews, A. G. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00574.x IS - 2 PY - 2011 SP - 139-156 ST - Climate change in the southeastern Bering Sea: Impacts on pollock stocks and implications for the oscillating control hypothesis T2 - Fisheries Oceanography TI - Climate change in the southeastern Bering Sea: Impacts on pollock stocks and implications for the oscillating control hypothesis VL - 20 ID - 26421 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cozzetto, K. AU - Chief, K. AU - Dittmer, K. AU - Brubaker, M. AU - Gough, R. AU - Souza, K. AU - Ettawageshik, F. AU - Wotkyns, S. AU - Opitz-Stapleton, S. AU - Duren, S. AU - Chavan, P. C6 - NCA DA - 2013/10/01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0852-y IS - 3 LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 569-584 ST - Climate change impacts on the water resources of American Indians and Alaska Natives in the U.S T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change impacts on the water resources of American Indians and Alaska Natives in the U.S VL - 120 ID - 13001 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cozzetto, K. AU - Chief, K. AU - Dittmer, K. AU - Brubaker, M. AU - Gough, R. AU - Souza, K. AU - Ettawageshik, F. AU - Wotkyns, S. AU - Opitz-Stapleton, S. AU - Duren, S. AU - Chavan, P. DA - 2013/10/01 IS - 3 LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 569-584 ST - Supplemental material: Climate change impacts on the water resources of American Indians and Alaska Natives in the U.S T2 - Climatic Change TI - Supplemental material: Climate change impacts on the water resources of American Indians and Alaska Natives in the U.S UR - https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10584-013-0852-y/MediaObjects/10584_2013_852_MOESM1_ESM.pdf VL - 120 ID - 24956 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Craighead, Mary CY - St. Paul, MN PB - Midwest Economic Policy Institute PY - 2017 SP - 8 ST - Climate Change and its Impact on Infrastructure Systems in the Midwest TI - Climate Change and its Impact on Infrastructure Systems in the Midwest UR - https://midwestepi.files.wordpress.com/2017/10/mepi-infrastructure-and-climate-change-final.pdf ID - 26023 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Craine, J.M. AU - Elmore, A.J. AU - Olson, KC AU - Tolleson, D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02060.x IS - 10 PY - 2010 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2901-2911 ST - Climate change and cattle nutritional stress T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Climate change and cattle nutritional stress VL - 16 ID - 13006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crausbay, Shelley D. AU - Ramirez, Aaron R. AU - Carter, Shawn L. AU - Cross, Molly S. AU - Hall, Kimberly R. AU - Bathke, Deborah J. AU - Betancourt, Julio L. AU - Colt, Steve AU - Cravens, Amanda E. AU - Dalton, Melinda S. AU - Dunham, Jason B. AU - Hay, Lauren E. AU - Hayes, Michael J. AU - McEvoy, Jamie AU - McNutt, Chad A. AU - Moritz, Max A. AU - Nislow, Keith H. AU - Raheem, Nejem AU - Sanford, Todd DO - 10.1175/bams-d-16-0292.1 IS - 12 PY - 2017 SP - 2543-2550 ST - Defining ecological drought for the twenty-first century T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Defining ecological drought for the twenty-first century VL - 98 ID - 26561 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Creamean, Jessie M. AU - Neiman, Paul J. AU - Coleman, Timothy AU - Senff, Christoph J. AU - Kirgis, Guillaume AU - Alvarez, Raul J. AU - Yamamoto, Atsushi DO - 10.5194/acp-16-12329-2016 IS - 18 N1 - ACP PY - 2016 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 12329-12345 ST - Colorado air quality impacted by long-range-transported aerosol: A set of case studies during the 2015 Pacific Northwest fires T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Colorado air quality impacted by long-range-transported aerosol: A set of case studies during the 2015 Pacific Northwest fires VL - 16 ID - 24677 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Crespo Acevedo, Wanda I. AU - Moyano Flores, Roberto CY - Hato Rey, PR PB - Estudios Técnicos, Inc. PY - 2017 SP - 7 ST - Using Geographical Information Systems to Estimate Population in Special Flood Hazards Areas and Coastal Lands and Structures That Will Be Affected by Sea Level Rise in Puerto Rico TI - Using Geographical Information Systems to Estimate Population in Special Flood Hazards Areas and Coastal Lands and Structures That Will Be Affected by Sea Level Rise in Puerto Rico UR - http://drna.pr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Vulnerability-assessment-in-Puerto-Rico-and-its-coastal-zone-using-GIS-analysis-floods-003.pdf ID - 25258 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crichton, Margaret T. AU - Ramsay, Cameron G. AU - Kelly, Terence DO - 10.1111/j.1468-5973.2009.00556.x IS - 1 PY - 2009 SN - 1468-5973 SP - 24-37 ST - Enhancing organizational resilience through emergency planning: Learnings from cross-sectoral lessons T2 - Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management TI - Enhancing organizational resilience through emergency planning: Learnings from cross-sectoral lessons VL - 17 ID - 21454 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Both obesity and strenuous outdoor work are known risk factors for heat-related illness (HRI). These risk factors may be compounded by more and longer periods of extreme heat in the southeastern U.S. To quantify occupational risk and investigate the possible predictive value of a GIS-based tool, a weighted occupation-based metabolic equivalent (MET) index was created. The correlation between current MET-weighted employment rates or obesity rates and 2012 HRI report rates in Alabama were then determined. With the current dataset, results indicate occupational and obesity rates may explain some of the geographical variation seen in HRI report rates, although results are not statistically significant with this limited dataset. Mapping occupational and physiological risk factors with HRI rates may be useful for environmental and occupational health professionals to identify “hotspots” that may require special attention. AU - Crider, Kyle G. AU - Maples, Elizabeth H. AU - Gohlke, Julia M. DA - Jul-Aug DB - PMC IS - 1 N1 - 25185323[pmid] J Environ Health PY - 2014 SN - 0022-0892 SP - 16-22 ST - Incorporating occupational risk in heat stress vulnerability mapping T2 - Journal of Environmental Health TI - Incorporating occupational risk in heat stress vulnerability mapping UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4211285/ VL - 77 ID - 23751 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Crimmins, Allison AU - Balbus, John AU - Gamble, Janet L. AU - Beard, Charles B. AU - Bell, Jesse E. AU - Dodgen, Daniel AU - Eisen, Rebecca J. AU - Fann, Neal AU - Hawkins, Michelle D. AU - Herring, Stephanie C. AU - Jantarasami, Lesley AU - Mills, David M. AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Sarofim, Marcus C. AU - Trtanj, Juli AU - Ziska, Lewis C4 - 1fb8a38a-41e0-4b08-bdaf-08613c36c96f CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J00P0WXS PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 1–24 ST - Executive Summary T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Executive Summary ID - 19387 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Criscione, Wilson CY - Spokane, WA DA - March 20 PB - The Pacific Northwest Inlander PY - 2017 ST - Flooding has drained Spokane County’s budget for road repairs T2 - The Inlander TI - Flooding has drained Spokane County’s budget for road repairs UR - https://www.inlander.com/Bloglander/archives/2017/03/20/flooding-has-drained-spokane-countys-budget-for-road-repairs ID - 24595 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Statistical methods are commonly used to evaluate natural populations and environmental variables, yet these must recognize temporal trends in population character to be appropriate in an evolving world. New equations presented here define the statistical measures of aggregate historical populations affected by linear changes in population means and standard deviations. These can be used to extract the statistical character of present-day populations, needed to define modern variability and risk, from tables of historical data that are dominated by measurements made when conditions were different. As an example, many factors such as climate change and in-channel structures are causing flood levels to rise, so realistic estimation of future flood levels must take such secular changes into account. The new equations provide estimates of water levels for “100-year” floods in the USA Midwest that are 0.5 to 2 m higher than official calculations that routinely assume population stationarity. These equations also show that flood levels will continue to rise by several centimeters per year. This rate is nearly ten times faster than the rise of sea level, and thus represents one of the fastest and most damaging rates of change that is documented by robust data. AU - Criss, Robert E. DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s12583-015-0641-9 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1867-111X SP - 2-8 ST - Statistics of evolving populations and their relevance to flood risk T2 - Journal of Earth Science TI - Statistics of evolving populations and their relevance to flood risk VL - 27 ID - 26562 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Flooding in the Mississippi basin has become increasingly uncertain, and a succession of progressively higher, peak annual water levels is observed at many sites. Many record levels set in the central USA by the huge 1993 flood have already been superseded. Methodology developed elsewhere that recognizes trends of river stages is used to estimate present-day flood risk at 27 sites in the Mississippi basin that have >100 years of continuous stage record. Unlike official estimates that are fundamentally based on discharge, this methodology requires only data on river stage. A novel plot linearizes the official flood levels that are indirectly derived from the complex, discharge-based calculations and demonstrates that the neglect of trends has resulted in the effective use of undersized means and standard deviations in flood risk analysis. A severe consequence is that official “base flood” levels are underestimated by 0.4 to 2 m at many sites in the central USA. AU - Criss, Robert E. AU - Luo, Mingming DO - 10.1002/hyp.11097 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SP - 1283-1292 ST - Increasing risk and uncertainty of flooding in the Mississippi River basin T2 - Hydrological Processes TI - Increasing risk and uncertainty of flooding in the Mississippi River basin VL - 31 ID - 26563 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Criss, Robert E. AU - Winston, William E. DO - 10.1289/ehp.12042 IS - 12 PY - 2008 SP - A516-A516 ST - Public safety and faulty flood statistics T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Public safety and faulty flood statistics VL - 116 ID - 26564 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Croley II, Thomas E. CY - Ann Arbor, MI PB - Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory PY - 2003 SN - NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-126 SP - 77 ST - Great Lakes Climate Change Hydrologic Impact Assessment I.J.C. Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Regulation Study TI - Great Lakes Climate Change Hydrologic Impact Assessment I.J.C. Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Regulation Study UR - https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/tech_reports/glerl-126/tm-126.pdf ID - 26565 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rising atmospheric CO2 and its equilibration with surface ocean seawater is lowering both the pH and carbonate saturation state (Ω) of the oceans. Numerous calcifying organisms, including reef-building corals, may be severely impacted by declining aragonite and calcite saturation, but the fate of coral reef ecosystems in response to ocean acidification remains largely unexplored. Naturally low saturation (Ω ~ 0.5) low pH (6.70–7.30) groundwater has been discharging for millennia at localized submarine springs (called “ojos”) at Puerto Morelos, México near the Mesoamerican Reef. This ecosystem provides insights into potential long term responses of coral ecosystems to low saturation conditions. In-situ chemical and biological data indicate that both coral species richness and coral colony size decline with increasing proximity to low-saturation, low-pH waters at the ojo centers. Only three scleractinian coral species (Porites astreoides, Porites divaricata, and Siderastrea radians) occur in undersaturated waters at all ojos examined. Because these three species are rarely major contributors to Caribbean reef framework, these data may indicate that today’s more complex frame-building species may be replaced by smaller, possibly patchy, colonies of only a few species along the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. The growth of these scleractinian coral species at undersaturated conditions illustrates that the response to ocean acidification is likely to vary across species and environments; thus, our data emphasize the need to better understand the mechanisms of calcification to more accurately predict future impacts of ocean acidification. AU - Crook, E. D. AU - Potts, D. AU - Rebolledo-Vieyra, M. AU - Hernandez, L. AU - Paytan, A. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s00338-011-0839-y IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1432-0975 SP - 239-245 ST - Calcifying coral abundance near low-pH springs: Implications for future ocean acidification T2 - Coral Reefs TI - Calcifying coral abundance near low-pH springs: Implications for future ocean acidification VL - 31 ID - 24849 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crooks, James Lewis AU - Cascio, Wayne E. AU - Percy, Madelyn S. AU - Reyes, Jeanette AU - Neas, Lucas M. AU - Hilborn, Elizabeth D. DO - 10.1289/EHP216 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SP - 1735-1743 ST - The association between dust storms and daily non-accidental mortality in the United States, 1993–2005 T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - The association between dust storms and daily non-accidental mortality in the United States, 1993–2005 VL - 124 ID - 23754 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cross, Jessica N. AU - Mathis, Jeremy T. AU - Bates, Nicholas R. AU - Byrne, Robert H. DA - 8/20/ DO - 10.1016/j.marchem.2013.05.012 KW - Bering Sea Total alkalinity Carbon biogeochemistry Carbonate mineral saturation states Ocean acidification PY - 2013 SN - 0304-4203 SP - 100-112 ST - Conservative and non-conservative variations of total alkalinity on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf T2 - Marine Chemistry TI - Conservative and non-conservative variations of total alkalinity on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf VL - 154 ID - 22189 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Crossett, Kristen AU - Ache, Brent AU - Pacheco, Percy AU - Haber, Kate CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - NOAA Office for Coastal Management PY - 2013 SP - 19 ST - National Coastal Population Report: Population Trends from 1970 to 2020 TI - National Coastal Population Report: Population Trends from 1970 to 2020 UR - https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/training/population-report.html ID - 25455 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crouch, Jake AU - Heim, Richard R. AU - Fenimore, Chris DO - 10.1175/2015BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 IS - 7 PY - 2015 SP - S171-S172 ST - Regional climates: United States [in "State of the Climate in 2014"] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Regional climates: United States [in "State of the Climate in 2014"] VL - 96 ID - 26355 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crouch, Jake AU - Heim, Richard R. AU - Fenimore, Chris DO - 10.1175/2015BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SP - S175-S176 ST - Regional climates: United States [in "State of the Climate in 2015"] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Regional climates: United States [in "State of the Climate in 2015"] VL - 97 ID - 26356 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crouch, Jake AU - Heim, Richard R. AU - Hughes, P. E. AU - Fenimore, Chris DO - 10.1175/2013BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 IS - 8 PY - 2013 SP - S149-S152 ST - Regional climates: United States [in "State of the Climate in 2012"] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Regional climates: United States [in "State of the Climate in 2012"] VL - 94 ID - 26354 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crouch, Jake AU - Smith, Adam B. AU - Heim, Richard R. AU - Fenimore, Chris DO - 10.1175/2017BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 IS - 8 PY - 2017 SP - S175, S178-S179 ST - Regional climates: United States [in "State of the Climate in 2016"] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Regional climates: United States [in "State of the Climate in 2016"] VL - 98 ID - 26357 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There have been numerous attempts to propose past warm time periods as “analogs” for a future greenhouse warming. In this paper it is argued that, although paleoclimate studies may provide important insights into process operating in the climate system, there may be no warm time period that is a satisfactory past analog for future climate. The future greenhouse warming may represent a unique climate realization in earth history. This conclusion is based on the following considerations: 1 ) comparisons with Holocene (9000 BP) or Eemian climates (120 000 BP) may be inappropriate because much of the variations in these climates can be explained in terms of seasonal rather than mean-annual forcing it has yet to be demonstrated that increased warmth for these intervals involved mew annual temperature increases that were globally synchronous, 2) comparisons with older and warmer climates (ex., Pliocene, Eocene, or Cretaceous) can be misleading because these warm periods had reduced polar ice cover, whereas future air temperatures will be very warm, but ice sheets will persist because of their large thermal inertia. Due to the different time scales for the atmosphere, deep ocean, and ice sheets, this significant nonequilibrium component to the future climate response is probably very different than the long time-averaged picture representative of past warm periods. Furthermore, changes in geography have probably significantly modified the atmosphere and ocean circulation during the earlier warm periods resulting in regional climates significantly different than what might occur in the future. It is therefore suggested that future discussions on geologic analogs be restricted to study of processes operating in the climate system and that continued use of the term for past warm time periods be abandoned. AU - Crowley, Thomas J. DO - 10.1175/1520-0442(1990)003<1282:atasga>2.0.co;2 IS - 11 PY - 1990 SP - 1282-1292 ST - Are there any satisfactory geologic analogs for a future greenhouse warming? T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Are there any satisfactory geologic analogs for a future greenhouse warming? VL - 3 ID - 20586 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Crozier, Lisa CY - Seattle, WA PB - NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Science Center PY - 2016 SP - 32 ST - Impacts of Climate Change on Salmon of the Pacific Northwest: A Review of the Scientific Literature Published in 2015 TI - Impacts of Climate Change on Salmon of the Pacific Northwest: A Review of the Scientific Literature Published in 2015 UR - https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/assets/4/9042_02102017_105951_Crozier.2016-BIOP-Lit-Rev-Salmon-Climate-Effects-2015.pdf ID - 24763 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Crozier, Lisa AU - Wiesebron, Lauren AU - Dorfmeier, Elene AU - Burke, Brian CY - Seattle, WA PB - NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center PY - 2017 SP - 41 ST - River Conditions, Fisheries and Fish History Drive Variation in Upstream Survival and Fallback for Upper Columbia River Spring and Snake River Spring/Summer Chinook Salmon TI - River Conditions, Fisheries and Fish History Drive Variation in Upstream Survival and Fallback for Upper Columbia River Spring and Snake River Spring/Summer Chinook Salmon UR - https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/assets/11/9123_07312017_172800_Chinook%20upstream%20survival%20analysis%202017%20FINAL.pdf ID - 26510 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crozier, Lisa G. AU - Hutchings, Jeffrey A. DO - 10.1111/eva.12135 IS - 1 KW - adaptation climate change evolutionary theory fisheries management life-history evolution phenotypic plasticity PY - 2014 SN - 1752-4571 SP - 68-87 ST - Plastic and evolutionary responses to climate change in fish T2 - Evolutionary Applications TI - Plastic and evolutionary responses to climate change in fish VL - 7 ID - 23364 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crozier, L.G. AU - Scheuerell, M.D. AU - Zabel, R.W. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1086/662669 IS - 6 PY - 2011 SN - 0003-0147 SP - 755-773 ST - Using time series analysis to characterize evolutionary and plastic responses to environmental change: A case study of a shift toward earlier migration date in sockeye salmon T2 - The American Naturalist TI - Using time series analysis to characterize evolutionary and plastic responses to environmental change: A case study of a shift toward earlier migration date in sockeye salmon VL - 178 ID - 13025 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A changing climate and more frequent extreme weather events pose challenges to the oil and gas sector. Identifying how these changes will affect oil and gas extraction, transportation, processing, and delivery, and how these industries can adapt to or mitigate any adverse impacts will be vital to this sector’s supply security. This work presents an overview of the sector’s vulnerability to a changing climate. It addresses the potential for Natech hazards and proposes risk reduction measures, including mitigation and adaptation options. Assessment frameworks to ensure the safety of people, the environment, and investments in the oil and gas sector in the face of climate change are presented and their limitations discussed. It is argued that a comprehensive and systemic analysis framework for risk assessment is needed. The paper concludes that climate change and extreme weather events represent a real physical threat to the oil and gas sector, particularly in low-lying coastal areas and areas exposed to extreme weather events. The sector needs to take climate change seriously, assess its own vulnerability, and take appropriate measures to prevent or mitigate any potentially negative effects. AU - Cruz, Ana Maria AU - Krausmann, Elisabeth DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0891-4 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 41-53 ST - Vulnerability of the oil and gas sector to climate change and extreme weather events T2 - Climatic Change TI - Vulnerability of the oil and gas sector to climate change and extreme weather events VL - 121 ID - 22084 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many water resource systems have been designed assuming that the statistical characteristics of future inflows are similar to those of the historical record. This assumption is no longer valid due to large‐scale changes in the global climate, potentially causing declines in water resource system performance, or even complete system failure. Upgrading system infrastructure to cope with climate change can require substantial financial outlay, so it might be preferable to optimize existing system performance when possible. This paper builds on decision scaling theory by proposing a bottom‐up approach to designing optimal feedback control policies for a water system exposed to a changing climate. This approach not only describes optimal operational policies for a range of potential climatic changes but also enables an assessment of a system's upper limit of its operational adaptive capacity, beyond which upgrades to infrastructure become unavoidable. The approach is illustrated using the Lake Como system in Northern Italy—a regulated system with a complex relationship between climate and system performance. By optimizing system operation under different hydrometeorological states, it is shown that the system can continue to meet its minimum performance requirements for more than three times as many states as it can under current operations. Importantly, a single management policy, no matter how robust, cannot fully utilize existing infrastructure as effectively as an ensemble of flexible management policies that are updated as the climate changes. AU - Culley, S. AU - Noble, S. AU - Yates, A. AU - Timbs, M. AU - Westra, S. AU - Maier, H. R. AU - Giuliani, M. AU - Castelletti, A. DO - 10.1002/2015WR018253 IS - 9 PY - 2016 SP - 6751-6768 ST - A bottom‐up approach to identifying the maximum operational adaptive capacity of water resource systems to a changing climate T2 - Water Resources Research TI - A bottom‐up approach to identifying the maximum operational adaptive capacity of water resource systems to a changing climate VL - 52 ID - 25370 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cullingham, Catherine I. AU - Cooke, Janice E. K. AU - Dang, Sophie AU - Davis, Corey S. AU - Cooke, Barry J. AU - Coltman, David W. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05086.x IS - 10 KW - host-range expansion hybrid jack pine lodgepole pine mountain pine beetle PY - 2011 SN - 1365-294X SP - 2157-2171 ST - Mountain pine beetle host-range expansion threatens the boreal forest T2 - Molecular Ecology TI - Mountain pine beetle host-range expansion threatens the boreal forest VL - 20 ID - 22003 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Cunningham, J. Chris C4 - d505cee1-e247-4ebc-a51a-88209666d77f DO - 10.21916/mlr.2015.35 KW - added by ERG PB - U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics PY - 2015 SP - 15 ST - Measuring wage inequality within and across US metropolitan areas, 2003-2013 T2 - Monthly Labor Review TI - Measuring wage inequality within and across US metropolitan areas, 2003-2013 ID - 23059 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cunsolo Willox, Ashlee AU - Harper, Sherilee L. AU - Edge, Victoria L. AU - Landman, Karen AU - Houle, Karen AU - Ford, James D. AU - Rigolet Inuit Community Government DO - 10.1016/j.emospa.2011.08.005 N1 - Ch9 PY - 2013 SN - 17554586 SP - 14-24 ST - The land enriches the soul: On climatic and environmental change, affect, and emotional health and well-being in Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Canada T2 - Emotion, Space and Society TI - The land enriches the soul: On climatic and environmental change, affect, and emotional health and well-being in Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Canada VL - 6 ID - 17834 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As climate change impacts are felt around the globe, people are increasingly exposed to changes in weather patterns, wildlife and vegetation, and water and food quality, access and availability in their local regions. These changes can impact human health and well-being in a variety of ways: increased risk of foodborne and waterborne diseases; increased frequency and distribution of vector-borne disease; increased mortality and injury due to extreme weather events and heat waves; increased respiratory and cardiovascular disease due to changes in air quality and increased allergens in the air; and increased susceptibility to mental and emotional health challenges. While climate change is a global phenomenon, the impacts are experienced most acutely in place; as such, a sense of place, place-attachment, and place-based identities are important indicators for climate-related health and adaptation. Representing one of the first qualitative case studies to examine the connections among climate change, a changing sense of place, and health in an Inuit context, this research draws data from a multi-year community-driven case study situated in the Inuit community of Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Canada. Data informing this paper were drawn from the narrative analysis of 72 in-depth interviews conducted from November 2009 to October 2010, as well as from the descriptive analysis of 112 questionnaires from a survey in October 2010 (95% response rate). The findings illustrated that climate change is negatively affecting feelings of place attachment by disrupting hunting, fishing, foraging, trapping, and traveling, and changing local landscapes-changes which subsequently impact physical, mental, and emotional health and well-being. These results also highlight the need to develop context-specific climate-health planning and adaptation programs, and call for an understanding of place-attachment as a vital indicator of health and well-being and for climate change to be framed as an important determinant of health. AD - School of Environmental Design & Rural Development, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1. ashlee@uoguelph.ca AU - Cunsolo Willox, A. AU - Harper, S. L. AU - Ford, J. D. AU - Landman, K. AU - Houle, K. AU - Edge, V. L. AU - Rigolet Inuit Community Government C6 - NIEHS DA - Aug DB - DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.043 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2012/05/19 IS - 3 KW - Adolescent Adult Aged Climate Change Emotions Food Supply Health Status Humans Inuits/ psychology Male Mental Health/ ethnology Middle Aged Newfoundland and Labrador/epidemiology Nunavut/epidemiology Qualitative Research Young Adult LA - eng N1 - Cunsolo Willox, Ashlee Harper, Sherilee L Ford, James D Landman, Karen Houle, Karen Edge, Victoria L Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England Soc Sci Med. 2012 Aug;75(3):538-47. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.043. Epub 2012 Apr 26. PY - 2012 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1873-5347 (Electronic) 0277-9536 (Linking) SP - 538-547 ST - "From this place and of this place": Climate change, sense of place, and health in Nunatsiavut, Canada T2 - Social Science & Medicine TI - "From this place and of this place": Climate change, sense of place, and health in Nunatsiavut, Canada VL - 75 ID - 4270 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cunsolo Willox, Ashlee AU - Stephenson, Eleanor AU - Allen, Jim AU - Bourque, François AU - Drossos, Alexander AU - Elgarøy, Sigmund AU - Kral, Michael J. AU - Mauro, Ian AU - Moses, Joshua AU - Pearce, Tristan AU - MacDonald, Joanna Petrasek AU - Wexler, Lisa DO - 10.1007/s10113-014-0630-z IS - 1 PY - 2015 SN - 1436-3798 1436-378X SP - 169-182 ST - Examining relationships between climate change and mental health in the circumpolar North T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - Examining relationships between climate change and mental health in the circumpolar North VL - 15 ID - 18321 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Curran, Janet H. AU - Barth, Nancy A. AU - Veilleux, Andrea G. AU - Ourso, Robert T. CY - Reston, VA DB - USGS Publications Warehouse DO - 10.3133/sir20165024 LA - English M3 - Report NV - USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5024 PB - U. S. Geological Survey PY - 2016 SP - 58 ST - Estimating Flood Magnitude and Frequency at Gaged and Ungaged Sites on Streams in Alaska and Conterminous Basins in Canada, Based on Data Through Water Year 2012 TI - Estimating Flood Magnitude and Frequency at Gaged and Ungaged Sites on Streams in Alaska and Conterminous Basins in Canada, Based on Data Through Water Year 2012 ID - 22190 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Evidence shows that pollution exposure early in life is detrimental to near-term health, and an increasing body of evidence suggests that early-childhood health influences health and human capital outcomes later in life. This article reviews the economic research that brings these two literatures together. We begin with a conceptual model that highlights the core relationships across the life cycle. We then review the literature concerned with such estimates, focusing particularly on identification strategies to mitigate concerns regarding endogenous exposure. The nascent empirical literature provides both direct and indirect evidence that early-childhood exposure to pollution significantly impacts later-life outcomes. We discuss the potential policy implications of these long-lasting effects and conclude with a number of promising avenues for future research. AU - Currie, Janet AU - Zivin, Joshua Graff AU - Mullins, Jamie AU - Neidell, Matthew DO - 10.1146/annurev-resource-100913-012610 IS - 1 KW - child,environment,human capital,health,latent,avoidance behavior PY - 2014 SP - 217-247 ST - What do we know about short- and long-term effects of early-life exposure to pollution? T2 - Annual Review of Resource Economics TI - What do we know about short- and long-term effects of early-life exposure to pollution? VL - 6 ID - 24676 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Bilkovic, Donna Marie A2 - Mitchell, Molly M. A2 - La Peyre, Megan K. A2 - Toft, Jason D. AU - Currin, Carolyn A. AU - Davis, Jenny AU - Malhotra, Amit C4 - 88dd8f76-cf2e-4209-a122-23b1a584dd2a CY - Boca Raton, FL PB - CRC Press PY - 2017 SN - 978-1498740029 1498740022 SP - 211-234 ST - Response of salt marshes to wave energy provides guidance for successful living shoreline implementation T2 - Living Shorelines: The Science and Management of Nature-Based Coastal Protection TI - Response of salt marshes to wave energy provides guidance for successful living shoreline implementation ID - 25474 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Curtin, Charles G. C4 - 3bde6123-7825-4429-9f28-a0486a8223ad CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2015 SN - 159726993X 978-1597269933 SP - 272 ST - The Science of Open Spaces: Theory and Practice for Conserving Large, Complex Systems TI - The Science of Open Spaces: Theory and Practice for Conserving Large, Complex Systems ID - 26358 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Curtis, Jennifer A. AU - Flint, Lorraine E. AU - Flint, Alan L. AU - Lundquist, Jessica D. AU - Hudgens, Brian AU - Boydston, Erin E. AU - Young, Julie K. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0124729 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SP - e0124729 ST - Correction: Incorporating cold-air pooling into downscaled climate models increases potential refugia for snow-dependent species within the Sierra Nevada ecoregion, CA T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Correction: Incorporating cold-air pooling into downscaled climate models increases potential refugia for snow-dependent species within the Sierra Nevada ecoregion, CA VL - 10 ID - 23365 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The spawning periods of four temperate or high-latitude fish species - Pacific sockeye salmon, herring, plaice and cod - have been examined. The mean date of peak spawning was established and it was found that the standard deviation of this mean date was low, often less than a week. For three species no trend of date of peak spawning was found; a trend towards later spawning was detected in the Arcto-Norwegian cod stock, about eight ays in seventy years. In contrast the Californian sardine was shown to spawn at very variable periods and it is likely that tuna in the North Pacific anticyclone spawned during most of the year. It is likely that production is continuous in the anticyclonic regions and discontinuous in the high-latitude cyclones; this would be sufficient to account for the differences found between the two groups of fish. AU - Cushing, D. H. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/33.1.81 IS - 1 N1 - 10.1093/icesjms/33.1.81 PY - 1969 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 81-92 ST - The regularity of the spawning season of some fishes T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - The regularity of the spawning season of some fishes VL - 33 ID - 23366 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cushing, Lara J. AU - Wander, Madeline AU - Morello-Frosch, Rachel AU - Pastor, Manuel AU - Zhu, Allen AU - Sadd, James CY - Los Angeles, CA NV - Program for Environmental and Regional Equity (PERE) Publication PB - USC Dornsife PY - 2016 SP - 17 ST - A Preliminary Environmental Equity Assessment Of California’s Cap-and-Trade Program TI - A Preliminary Environmental Equity Assessment Of California’s Cap-and-Trade Program UR - https://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/242/docs/Climate_Equity_Brief_CA_Cap_and_Trade_Sept2016_FINAL2.pdf ID - 24131 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cutter, Susan L. AU - Barnes, Lindsey AU - Berry, Melissa AU - Burton, Christopher AU - Evans, Elijah AU - Tate, Eric AU - Webb, Jennifer DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.07.013 IS - 4 PY - 2008 SP - 598-606 ST - A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters VL - 18 ID - 19297 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objective. County-level socioeconomic and demographic data were used to construct an index of social vulnerability to environmental hazards, called the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) for the United States based on 1990 data. Methods. Using a factor analytic approach, 42 variables were reduced to 11 independent factors that accounted for about 76 percent of the variance. These factors were placed in an additive model to compute a score-the Social Vulnerability Index. Results. There are some distinct spatial patterns in the SoVI, with the most vulnerable counties clustered in metropolitan counties in the east, south Texas, and the Mississippi Delta region. Conclusion. Those factors that contribute to the overall score often are different for each county, underscoring the interactive nature of social vulnerability-some components increase vulnerability; others moderate the effects. AD - Cutter, SL; Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA; Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA; Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA AU - Cutter, S. L. AU - Boruff, B. J. AU - Shirley, W. L. C6 - NCA DA - Jun DO - 10.1111/1540-6237.8402002 IS - 2 KW - disasters LA - English N1 - 685RH; Times Cited:186; Cited References Count:63 PY - 2003 SN - 0038-4941 SP - 242-261 ST - Social vulnerability to environmental hazards T2 - Social Science Quarterly TI - Social vulnerability to environmental hazards VL - 84 ID - 13036 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cutter, Susan L. AU - Emrich, Christopher T. AU - Mitchell, Jerry T. AU - Boruff, Bryan J. AU - Gall, Melanie AU - Schmidtlein, Mathew C. AU - Burton, Christopher G. AU - Melton, Ginni DA - 2006/03/01 DO - 10.3200/ENVT.48.2.8-20 IS - 2 PY - 2006 SN - 0013-9157 SP - 8-20 ST - The long road home: Race, class, and recovery from Hurricane Katrina T2 - Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development TI - The long road home: Race, class, and recovery from Hurricane Katrina VL - 48 ID - 26024 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Richmond, T.C. A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Cutter, Susan L. AU - Solecki, William AU - Bragado, Nancy AU - Carmin, JoAnn AU - Fragkias, Michail AU - Ruth, Matthias AU - Wilbanks, Thomas C4 - 5a79e12b-b65c-40ef-8f80-7bcb04d57a1d CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0F769GR PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 RN - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/urban SP - 282-296 ST - Ch. 11: Urban systems, infrastructure, and vulnerability T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 11: Urban systems, infrastructure, and vulnerability ID - 8655 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is a major threat to food security in Pacific Island countries, with declines in food production and increasing variability in food supplies already evident across the region. Such impacts have already led to observed consequences for human health, safety and economic prosperity. Enhancing the adaptive capacity of Pacific Island communities is one way to reduce vulnerability and is underpinned by the extent to which people can access, understand and use new knowledge to inform their decision-making processes. However, effective engagement of Pacific Island communities in climate adaption remains variable and is an ongoing and significant challenge. Here, we use a qualitative research approach to identify the impediments to engaging Pacific Island communities in the adaptations needed to safeguard food security. The main barriers include cultural differences between western science and cultural knowledge, a lack of trust among local communities and external scientists, inappropriate governance structures, and a lack of political and technical support. We identify the importance of adaptation science, local social networks, key actors (i.e., influential and trusted individuals), and relevant forms of knowledge exchange as being critical to overcoming these barriers. We also identify the importance of co-ordination with existing on-ground activities to effectively leverage, as opposed to duplicating, capacity. AU - Cvitanovic, C. AU - Crimp, S. AU - Fleming, A. AU - Bell, J. AU - Howden, M. AU - Hobday, A. J. AU - Taylor, M. AU - Cunningham, R. DA - 2016/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2016.01.003 DP - ScienceDirect KW - Adaptive capacity Climate adaptation Participation Engagement Knowledge exchange Trust PY - 2016 SN - 2212-0963 SP - 53-62 ST - Linking adaptation science to action to build food secure Pacific Island communities T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - Linking adaptation science to action to build food secure Pacific Island communities VL - 11 Y2 - 2017/09/23/02:06:39 ID - 22414 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Respiratory allergic diseases such as rhinitis and bronchial asthma appear to be increasing worldwide, affecting in particular subjects living in urban areas, and the reasons for this increase are still largely unknown. Although the role played by air pollution has yet to be clarified, a body of evidence suggests that urbanization, with its high levels of vehicle emissions and a westernised lifestyle are linked to the rising frequency of these diseases observed in most industrialized countries. Laboratory studies confirm the epidemiological evidence that inhalation of some pollutants, either individually or in combination, adversely affect lung function in asthmatics. Air pollutants may not only increase the frequency and intensity of symptoms in already allergic patients but may promote airway sensitization to airborne allergens in predisposed subjects. By attaching to the surface of pollen grains and of plant-derived paucimicronic particles, pollutants can modify the morphology of these antigen-carrying agents and alter their allergenic potential. In addition, by inducing airway inflammation, pollutants may overcome the mucosal barrier and so "prime" allergen-induced responses. In other words airway mucosal damage and impaired mucociliary clearance induced by air pollution may facilitate the access of inhaled allergens to the cells of the immune system. AD - Division of Pneumology and Allergology, Hospital A Cardarelli, 10 Via Rome Sirignano, I-80121 Naples, Italy. AU - D’Amato, G. DO - 10.1034/j.1398-9995.57.s72.5.x DP - NLM ET - 2002/07/30 KW - Air Pollutants/*adverse effects/analysis *Allergens Humans Pollen Respiratory Hypersensitivity/*epidemiology/etiology *Urban Health LA - eng PY - 2002 SN - 0105-4538 (Print) 0105-4538 SP - 30-33 ST - Environmental urban factors (air pollution and allergens) and the rising trends in allergic respiratory diseases T2 - Allergy TI - Environmental urban factors (air pollution and allergens) and the rising trends in allergic respiratory diseases VL - 57 Suppl 72 ID - 18643 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases has increased dramatically during the past few decades not only in industrialized countries. Urban air pollution from motor vehicles has been indicated as one of the major risk factors responsible for this increase. AU - D’Amato, Gennaro AU - Baena-Cagnani, Carlos E. AU - Cecchi, Lorenzo AU - Annesi-Maesano, Isabella AU - Nunes, Carlos AU - Ansotegui, Ignacio AU - D’Amato, Maria AU - Liccardi, Gennaro AU - Sofia, Matteo AU - Canonica, Walter G. DA - February 11 DO - 10.1186/2049-6958-8-12 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 2049-6958 SP - 12 ST - Climate change, air pollution and extreme events leading to increasing prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases T2 - Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine TI - Climate change, air pollution and extreme events leading to increasing prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases VL - 8 ID - 24268 ER - TY - JOUR AU - D’Amato, G. AU - Cecchi, L. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03033.x IS - 8 PY - 2008 SN - 1365-2222 SP - 1264-1274 ST - Effects of climate change on environmental factors in respiratory allergic diseases T2 - Clinical & Experimental Allergy TI - Effects of climate change on environmental factors in respiratory allergic diseases VL - 38 ID - 19011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - D’Amato, G. AU - Cecchi, L. AU - D’Amato, M. AU - Liccardi, G. IS - 2 PY - 2010 SP - 95-102 ST - Urban air pollution and climate change as environmental risk factors of respiratory allergy: An update T2 - Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology TI - Urban air pollution and climate change as environmental risk factors of respiratory allergy: An update UR - http://www.jiaci.org/issues/vol20issue2/1.pdf VL - 20 ID - 24214 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Evidence suggests that allergic respiratory diseases such as hay fever and bronchial asthma have become more common world-wide in the last two decades, and the reasons for this increase are still largely unknown. A major responsible factor could be outdoor air pollution, derived from cars and other vehicles. Studies have demonstrated that urbanization and high levels of vehicle emissions and westernized lifestyle is correlated with the increasing frequency of pollen-induced respiratory allergy. People who live in urban areas tend to be more affected by pollen-induced respiratory allergy than those from of rural areas. Pollen allergy has been one of the most frequent models used to study the interrelationship between air pollution and respiratory allergic diseases. Pollen grains or plant-derived paucimicronic components carry allergens that can produce allergic symptoms. They may also interact with air pollution (particulate matter, ozone) in producing these effects. There is evidence that air pollutants may promote airway sensitization by modulating the allergenicity of airborne allergens. Furthermore, airway mucosal damage and impaired mucociliary clearance induced by air pollution may facilitate the access of inhaled allergens to the cells of the immune system. In addition, vegetation reacts with air pollution and environmental conditions and influence the plant allergenicity. Several factors influence this interaction, including type of air pollutants, plant species, nutrient balance, climatic factors, degree of airway sensitization and hyperresponsiveness of exposed subjects. AD - Division of Pneumology and Allergology, Azienda Ospedaliera ad Alta Specialita A.Cardarelli, Napoli, Italy. gdamato@qubisoft.it AU - D’Amato, G. AU - Liccardi, G. AU - D’Amato, M. AU - Cazzola, M. DA - Jul DO - 10.1053/rmed.2001.1112 DP - NLM ET - 2001/07/17 IS - 7 KW - Air Pollution/*adverse effects Allergens/adverse effects Asthma/*etiology *Climate Humans Hypersensitivity/*etiology Immunoglobulin E/immunology Pollen/adverse effects Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/*etiology Urban Health LA - eng N1 - D'Amato, G Liccardi, G D'Amato, M Cazzola, M Journal Article Review England Respir Med. 2001 Jul;95(7):606-11. PY - 2001 SN - 0954-6111 (Print) 0954-6111 SP - 606-11 ST - The role of outdoor air pollution and climatic changes on the rising trends in respiratory allergy T2 - Respiratory Medicine TI - The role of outdoor air pollution and climatic changes on the rising trends in respiratory allergy VL - 95 ID - 18645 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Thunderstorms have been linked to asthma epidemics, especially during the pollen seasons, and there are descriptions of asthma outbreaks associated with thunderstorms, which occurred in several cities, prevalently in Europe (Birmingham and London in the UK and Napoli in Italy) and Australia (Melbourne and Wagga Wagga). Pollen grains can be carried by thunderstorm at ground level, where pollen rupture would be increased with release of allergenic biological aerosols of paucimicronic size, derived from the cytoplasm and which can penetrate deep into lower airways. In other words, there is evidence that under wet conditions or during thunderstorms, pollen grains may, after rupture by osmotic shock, release into the atmosphere part of their content, including respirable, allergen-carrying cytoplasmic starch granules (0.5-2.5 microm) or other paucimicronic components that can reach lower airways inducing asthma reactions in pollinosis patients. The thunderstorm-asthma outbreaks are characterized, at the beginning of thunderstorms by a rapid increase of visits for asthma in general practitioner or hospital emergency departments. Subjects without asthma symptoms, but affected by seasonal rhinitis can experience an asthma attack. No unusual levels of air pollution were noted at the time of the epidemics, but there was a strong association with high atmospheric concentrations of pollen grains such as grasses or other allergenic plant species. However, subjects affected by pollen allergy should be informed about a possible risk of asthma attack at the beginning of a thunderstorm during pollen season. AD - Division of Pneumology and Allergology, Department of Respiratory Diseases, High Speciality Hospital A. Cardarelli, Napoli, Italy. AU - D’Amato, G. AU - Liccardi, G. AU - Frenguelli, G. DA - Jan DO - 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01271.x DP - NLM ET - 2006/12/13 IS - 1 KW - Asthma/*epidemiology/etiology Disease Outbreaks Humans *Rain Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/*epidemiology/etiology Seasons LA - eng N1 - D'Amato, G Liccardi, G Frenguelli, G Journal Article Review Denmark Allergy. 2007 Jan;62(1):11-6. PY - 2007 SN - 0105-4538 (Print) 0105-4538 SP - 11-16 ST - Thunderstorm-asthma and pollen allergy T2 - Allergy TI - Thunderstorm-asthma and pollen allergy VL - 62 ID - 18458 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Local climate changes can impact on a number of factors, including air pollution, that have been shown to influence both the development and attacks of allergic respiratory diseases, and they thus represent an important consideration for the allergist. Migration involves exposure to a new set of pollutants and allergens and changes in housing conditions, diet and accessibility to medical services, all of which are likely to affect migrants' health. This review provides an update on climate change, migration, and allergy and discusses factors for consideration when making recommendations for local allergy service provision, and for assessing an individual patient's environmental exposures. Copyright © 2011 by World Allergy Organization. AD - Division of Respiratory Allergy, High Speciality Hospital A. Cardarelli, University of Napoli, Via Rione Sirignano, 10, 80121, Napoli, Italy Allergy Asthma and Immunology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Clinical Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Parma, Italy Interde-Partmental Centre of Bioclimatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Interdepartmental Centre of Bioclimatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Parana, Brazil Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quiron Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain INSERVI, UMR S 707, EPAR, Paris, F-75012, France UPMC University of Paris 06, UMR-S 707, EPAR, Paris, F-75012, France AU - D’Amato, G. AU - Rottem, M. AU - Dahl, R. AU - Blaiss, M. S. AU - Ridolo, E. AU - Cecchi, L. AU - Rosario, N. AU - Motala, C. AU - Ansotegui, I. AU - Annesi-Maesano, I. C6 - NIEHS DO - 10.1097/WOX.0b013e3182260a57 DP - CCII Scopus IS - 7 KW - Allergic respiratory diseases Allergy Climate change Migration and allergy allergen air pollution asthma disease severity drought energy yield environmental exposure greenhouse effect greenhouse gas hospital admission human humidity migration Northern Hemisphere photosynthesis pollen pollen allergy prevalence priority journal respiratory tract allergy review Southern Hemisphere temperature urban area N1 - Cited By (since 1996):3 Export Date: 7 November 2013 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Amato, G.; Division of Respiratory Allergy, High Speciality Hospital A. Cardarelli, University of Napoli, Via Rione Sirignano, 10, 80121, Napoli, Italy; email: gdamatomail@gmail.com PY - 2011 RN - CCII Unique - Use Quosa , http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052745642&partnerID=40&md5=ea122d4930fb3be5167bd6796dc541b1 SN - 19394551 (ISSN) SP - 121-125 ST - Climate change, migration, and allergic respiratory diseases: An update for the allergist T2 - World Allergy Organization Journal TI - Climate change, migration, and allergic respiratory diseases: An update for the allergist VL - 4 ID - 6112 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Daehler, Curtis C. DO - 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132403 IS - 1 PY - 2003 SN - 1543-592X SP - 183-211 ST - Performance comparisons of co-occurring native and alien invasive plants: Implications for conservation and restoration T2 - Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics TI - Performance comparisons of co-occurring native and alien invasive plants: Implications for conservation and restoration VL - 34 ID - 22571 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Dagvadorj , Damdin AU - Batjargal, Zamba AU - Natsagdorj, Luvsan CY - Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia PB - Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia PY - 2014 SP - 302 ST - MARCC-2014: Mongolia Second Assessment Report on Climate Change 2014 TI - MARCC-2014: Mongolia Second Assessment Report on Climate Change 2014 UR - http://www.jcm-mongolia.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MARCC-Final-Bk-2014-book-lst.9.17-ilovepdf-compressed.pdf ID - 26009 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tidal flooding is among the most tangible present-day effects of global sea level rise. Here, we utilize a set of NOAA tide gauges along the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts to evaluate the potential impact of future sea level rise on the frequency and severity of tidal flooding. Using the 2001–2015 time period as a baseline, we first determine how often tidal flooding currently occurs. Using localized sea level rise projections based on the Intermediate-Low, Intermediate-High, and Highest projections from the U.S. National Climate Assessment, we then determine the frequency and extent of such flooding at these locations for two near-term time horizons: 2030 and 2045. We show that increases in tidal flooding will be substantial and nearly universal at the 52 locations included in our analysis. Long before areas are permanently inundated, the steady creep of sea level rise will force many communities to grapple with chronic high tide flooding in the next 15 to 30 years. AU - Dahl, Kristina A. AU - Fitzpatrick, Melanie F. AU - Spanger-Siegfried, Erika DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0170949 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SP - e0170949 ST - Sea level rise drives increased tidal flooding frequency at tide gauges along the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts: Projections for 2030 and 2045 T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Sea level rise drives increased tidal flooding frequency at tide gauges along the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts: Projections for 2030 and 2045 VL - 12 ID - 20767 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dahl, Kristina A AU - Spanger-Siegfried, Erika AU - Caldas, Astrid AU - Udvardy, Shana DO - 10.1525/elementa.234 PY - 2017 SP - Article 37 ST - Effective inundation of continental United States communities with 21st century sea level rise T2 - Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene TI - Effective inundation of continental United States communities with 21st century sea level rise VL - 5 ID - 24304 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Dahl, Thomas E. AU - Stedman, Susan-Marie CY - Reston, VA, and Silver Spring, MD PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service PY - 2013 SP - 46 ST - Status and Trends of Wetlands in the Coastal Watersheds of the Conterminous United States 2004 to 2009 TI - Status and Trends of Wetlands in the Coastal Watersheds of the Conterminous United States 2004 to 2009 UR - https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Documents/Status-and-Trends-of-Wetlands-In-the-Coastal-Watersheds-of-the-Conterminous-US-2004-to-2009.pdf ID - 25577 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dahm, Clifford N. AU - Candelaria-Ley, Roxanne I. AU - Reale, Chelsea S. AU - Reale, Justin K. AU - Van Horn, David J. DO - 10.1111/fwb.12548 IS - 12 KW - continuous monitoring dissolved oxygen disturbance forest fire water quality PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2427 SP - 2584-2599 ST - Extreme water quality degradation following a catastrophic forest fire T2 - Freshwater Biology TI - Extreme water quality degradation following a catastrophic forest fire VL - 60 ID - 23755 ER - TY - JOUR AB - How drought may change in the future are of great concern as global warming continues. In Part I of this study, we examine the uncertainties in estimating recent drought changes. Substantial uncertainties arise in the calculated Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) with Penman-Monteith potential evapotranspiraiton (PDSI_pm) due to different choices of forcing data (especially for precipitation, solar radiation and wind speed) and the calibration period. After detailed analyses, we recommend using the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) or the Global Precipitation Climatology (GPCP) datasets over other existing land precipitation products due to poor data coverage in the other datasets since the 1990s. We also recommend not to include the years after 1980 in the PDSI calibration period to avoid including the anthropogenic climate change as part of the natural variability used for calibration. Consistent with reported declines in pan evaporation, our calculated potential evapotranspiration (PET) shows negative or small trends since 1950 over the United States, China, and other regions, and no global PET trends from 1950 to 1990. Updated precipitation and streamflow data and the self-calibrated PDSI_pm all show consistent drying during 1950–2012 over most Africa, East and South Asia, southern Europe, eastern Australia, and many parts of the Americas. While these regional drying trends resulted primarily from precipitation changes related to multi-decadal oscillations in Pacific sea surface temperatures, rapid surface warming and associated increases in surface vapor pressure deficit since the 1980s have become an increasingly important cause of widespread drying over land. AU - Dai, Aiguo AU - Zhao, Tianbao DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1705-2 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 519-533 ST - Uncertainties in historical changes and future projections of drought. Part I: estimates of historical drought changes T2 - Climatic Change TI - Uncertainties in historical changes and future projections of drought. Part I: estimates of historical drought changes VL - 144 ID - 23512 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Jacobson, G.L. A2 - Fernandez, I.J. A2 - Mayewski, P.A. A2 - Schmitt, C.V. AU - Daigle, J.J. AU - Putnam, D. C4 - 990ae60c-a393-4383-b3ca-604ec576bda8 CY - Orono, ME PB - University of Maine PY - 2009 SP - 37-40 ST - The meaning of a changed environment: Initial assessment of climate change impacts in Maine—Indigenous peoples T2 - Maine’s Climate Future: An Initial Assessment TI - The meaning of a changed environment: Initial assessment of climate change impacts in Maine—Indigenous peoples UR - http://climatechange.umaine.edu/files/Maines_Climate_Future.pdf ID - 13052 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Urban habitats are characterized by impervious surfaces, which increase temperatures and reduce water availability to plants. The effects of these conditions on herbivorous insects are not well understood, but may provide insight into future conditions. Three primary hypotheses have been proposed to explain why multiple herbivorous arthropods are more abundant and damaging in cities, and support has been found for each. First, less complex vegetation may reduce biological control of pests. Second, plant stress can increase plant quality for pests. And third, urban warming can directly increase pest fitness and abundance. These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, and the effects of temperature and plant stress are particularly related. Thus, we test the hypothesis that urban warming and drought stress combine to increase the fitness and abundance of the scale insect, Melanaspis tenebricosa, an urban tree pest that is more abundant in urban than rural areas of the southeastern U.S. We did this by manipulating drought stress across an existing mosaic of urban warming. We found support for the additive effect of temperature and drought stress such that female embryo production and body size increased with temperature and was greater on drought-stressed than watered trees. This study provides further evidence that drivers of pest insect outbreaks act in concert, rather than independently, and calls for more research that manipulates multiple abiotic factors related to urbanization and climate change to predict their effects on ecological interactions. As cities expand and the climate changes, warmer temperatures and drought conditions may become more widespread in the native range of this pest. These changes have direct physiological benefits for M. tenebricosa, and potentially other pests, that may increase their fitness and abundance in urban and natural forests. AU - Dale, Adam G. AU - Frank, Steven D. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0173844 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SP - e0173844 ST - Warming and drought combine to increase pest insect fitness on urban trees T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Warming and drought combine to increase pest insect fitness on urban trees VL - 12 ID - 21215 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dale, Virginia H DO - 10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0753:TRBLUC]2.0.CO;2 IS - 3 PY - 1997 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 753-769 ST - The relationship between land‐use change and climate change T2 - Ecological Applications TI - The relationship between land‐use change and climate change VL - 7 ID - 22572 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dale, Virginia H. AU - Joyce, Linda A. AU - McNulty, Steve AU - Neilson, Ronald P. AU - Ayres, Matthew P. AU - Flannigan, Michael D. AU - Hanson, Paul J. AU - Irland, Lloyd C. AU - Lugo, Ariel E. AU - Peterson, Chris J. AU - Simberloff, Daniel AU - Swanson, Frederick J. AU - Stocks, Brian J. AU - Wotton, B.M. C6 - NCA DA - 2001/09/01 DO - 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0723:ccafd]2.0.co;2 IS - 9 PY - 2001 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 723-734 ST - Climate change and forest disturbances: Climate change can affect forests by altering the frequency, intensity, duration, and timing of fire, drought, introduced species, insect and pathogen outbreaks, hurricanes, windstorms, ice storms, or landslides T2 - BioScience TI - Climate change and forest disturbances: Climate change can affect forests by altering the frequency, intensity, duration, and timing of fire, drought, introduced species, insect and pathogen outbreaks, hurricanes, windstorms, ice storms, or landslides VL - 51 ID - 13057 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tropical montane forests (TMF) are associated with a widely observed suite of characteristics encompassing forest structure, plant traits and biogeochemistry. With respect to nutrient relations, montane forests are characterized by slow decomposition of organic matter, high investment in below-ground biomass and poor litter quality, relative to tropical lowland forests. However, within TMF there is considerable variation in substrate age, parent material, disturbance and species composition. Here we emphasize that many TMFs are likely to be co-limited by multiple nutrients, and that feedback among soil properties, species traits, microbial communities and environmental conditions drive forest productivity and soil carbon storage. To date, studies of the biogeochemistry of montane forests have been restricted to a few, mostly neotropical, sites and focused mainly on trees while ignoring mycorrhizas, epiphytes and microbial community structure. Incorporating the geographic, environmental and biotic variability in TMF will lead to a greater recognition of plant–soil feedbacks that are critical to understanding constraints on productivity, both under present conditions and under future climate, nitrogen-deposition and land-use scenarios. AU - Dalling, James W. AU - Heineman, Katherine AU - González, Grizelle AU - Ostertag, Rebecca DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S0266467415000619 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2015/11/20 IS - 5 KW - altitude disturbance elevation fertilization mycorrhizas nutrient limitation plant-soil feedbacks productivity soil fertility topography PY - 2016 SN - 0266-4674 SP - 368-383 ST - Geographic, environmental and biotic sources of variation in the nutrient relations of tropical montane forests T2 - Journal of Tropical Ecology TI - Geographic, environmental and biotic sources of variation in the nutrient relations of tropical montane forests VL - 32 ID - 25232 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Dalton, Meghan M. AU - Dello, Kathie D. AU - Hawkins, Linnia AU - Mote, Philip W. AU - Rupp, David E. CY - Corvallis, OR PB - Oregon State University, Oregon Climate Change Research Institute PY - 2017 SP - 98 ST - Third Oregon Climate Assessment Report TI - Third Oregon Climate Assessment Report UR - http://www.occri.net/media/1055/ocar3_final_all_01-30-2017_compressed.pdf ID - 24764 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Dalton, Meghan M. AU - Mote, Philip W. AU - Snover, Amy K. CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2013 SN - 9781610914284 SP - 224 ST - Climate Change in the Northwest: Implications for Our Landscapes, Waters, And Communities TI - Climate Change in the Northwest: Implications for Our Landscapes, Waters, And Communities ID - 13062 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Daly, C. AU - Widrlechner, M.P. AU - Halbleib, M.D. AU - Smith, J.I. AU - Gibson, W.P. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/2010JAMC2536.1 PY - 2012 SN - 1558-8432 SP - 242-264 ST - Development of a new USDA plant hardiness zone map for the United States T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - Development of a new USDA plant hardiness zone map for the United States VL - 51 ID - 13063 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The trophic habits, size and condition of yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caught early in their marine residence were examined during 19 survey years (1981–1985; 1998–2011). Juvenile salmon consumed distinct highly piscivorous diets in cold and warm ocean regimes with major differences between ocean regimes driven by changes in consumption of juvenile rockfishes, followed by several other fish prey, adult euphausiids and decapod larvae. Notable, Chinook salmon consumed 30% more food in the warm versus cold ocean regime in both May and June. Additionally, there were about 30% fewer empty stomachs in the warm ocean regime in May, and 10% fewer in warm June periods. The total prey energy density consumed during the warmer ocean regime was also significantly higher than in cold. Chinook salmon had lower condition factor and were smaller in fork length during the warm ocean regime, and were longer and heavier for their size during the cold ocean regime. The significant increase in foraging during the warm ocean regime occurred concurrently with lower available prey biomass. Adult return rates of juvenile Chinook salmon that entered the ocean during a warm ocean regime were lower. Notably, our long term data set contradicts the long held assertion that juvenile salmon eat less in a warm ocean regime when low growth and survival is observed, and when available prey are reduced. Comparing diet changes between decades under variable ocean conditions may assist us in understanding the effects of projected warming ocean regimes on juvenile Chinook salmon and their survival in the ocean environment. Bioenergetically, the salmon appear to require more food resources during warm ocean regimes. AU - Daly, Elizabeth A. AU - Brodeur, Richard D. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0144066 IS - 12 PY - 2015 SP - e0144066 ST - Warming ocean conditions relate to increased trophic requirements of threatened and endangered salmon T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Warming ocean conditions relate to increased trophic requirements of threatened and endangered salmon VL - 10 ID - 24674 ER - TY - JOUR AU - D'Amato, Anthony W. AU - Bradford, John B. AU - Fraver, Shawn AU - Palik, Brian J. DO - 10.1890/13-0677.1 IS - 8 KW - climate change growth–climate relationships Minnesota, USA Pinus resinosa PY - 2013 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 1735-1742 ST - Effects of thinning on drought vulnerability and climate response in north temperate forest ecosystems T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Effects of thinning on drought vulnerability and climate response in north temperate forest ecosystems VL - 23 ID - 21221 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The rate at which global mean sea level (GMSL) rose during the 20th century is uncertain, with little consensus between various reconstructions that indicate rates of rise ranging from 1.3 to 2 mm⋅y−1. Here we present a 20th-century GMSL reconstruction computed using an area-weighting technique for averaging tide gauge records that both incorporates up-to-date observations of vertical land motion (VLM) and corrections for local geoid changes resulting from ice melting and terrestrial freshwater storage and allows for the identification of possible differences compared with earlier attempts. Our reconstructed GMSL trend of 1.1 ± 0.3 mm⋅y−1 (1σ) before 1990 falls below previous estimates, whereas our estimate of 3.1 ± 1.4 mm⋅y−1 from 1993 to 2012 is consistent with independent estimates from satellite altimetry, leading to overall acceleration larger than previously suggested. This feature is geographically dominated by the Indian Ocean–Southern Pacific region, marking a transition from lower-than-average rates before 1990 toward unprecedented high rates in recent decades. We demonstrate that VLM corrections, area weighting, and our use of a common reference datum for tide gauges may explain the lower rates compared with earlier GMSL estimates in approximately equal proportion. The trends and multidecadal variability of our GMSL curve also compare well to the sum of individual contributions obtained from historical outputs of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. This, in turn, increases our confidence in process-based projections presented in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. AU - Dangendorf, Sönke AU - Marcos, Marta AU - Wöppelmann, Guy AU - Conrad, Clinton P. AU - Frederikse, Thomas AU - Riva, Riccardo DA - 2017/06/06/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.1616007114 DP - www.pnas.org.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu IS - 23 KW - tide gauges fingerprints global mean sea level vertical land motion LA - en PY - 2017 SN - 0027-8424, 1091-6490 SP - 5946-5951 ST - Reassessment of 20th century global mean sea level rise T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Reassessment of 20th century global mean sea level rise VL - 114 Y2 - 2017/09/22/20:57:45 ID - 22415 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - Liu, Jenny A2 - Li, Peng A2 - Zhang, Xiong A2 - Huang, Baoshan AU - Daniel, Jo Sias AU - Jacobs, Jennifer M. AU - Douglas, Ellen AU - Mallick, Rajib B. AU - Hayhoe, Katharine CY - Fairbanks, AK DA - August 4-7, 2013 DO - 10.1061/9780784413326.001 N1 - ISBN (print): 9780784413326 PB - American Society of Civil Engineering PY - 2014 SP - 1-9 T2 - Climatic Effects on Pavement and Geotechnical Infrastructure TI - Impact of climate change on pavement performance: Preliminary lessons learned through the Infrastructure and Climate Network (ICNet) ID - 24542 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Daniel, Jo Sias AU - Jacobs, Jennifer M. AU - Miller, Heather AU - Stoner, Anne AU - Crowley, Jillian AU - Khalkhali, Masoumeh AU - Thomas, Ashley DO - 10.1080/14680629.2017.1302355 PY - 2017 SN - 1468-0629 SP - 1-21 ST - Climate change: Potential impacts on frost–thaw conditions and seasonal load restriction timing for low-volume roadways T2 - Road Materials and Pavement Design TI - Climate change: Potential impacts on frost–thaw conditions and seasonal load restriction timing for low-volume roadways ID - 24543 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Daniels, Jean M. CY - Portland, OR NV - General Technical Report PNW-GTR-624 PB - USDA, Pacific Northwest Research Station PY - 2005 SP - 80 ST - The Rise and Fall of the Pacific Northwest Log Export Market TI - The Rise and Fall of the Pacific Northwest Log Export Market UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr624.pdf ID - 22573 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Dannenberg, Andrew L. AU - Frumkin, Howard AU - Jackson, Richard J. C4 - d6397bc1-e245-41fa-9e42-6f1744e59282 CY - Washington, DC KW - added by ERG PB - Island Press PY - 2011 SN - 9781597267267 SP - 440 ST - Making Healthy Places: Designing and Building for Health, Well-Being, and Sustainability TI - Making Healthy Places: Designing and Building for Health, Well-Being, and Sustainability ID - 23054 ER - TY - UNPB AU - Dantzker Consulting LLC AU - New Knowledge Organization Ltd AU - Mimi Shah LLC AU - MerseCreative AU - Clarus Research AU - Strange, Elizabeth CY - Bethesda, MD DA - March 7, 2017 PY - 2017 ST - Evaluation of the Third NCA Production and Dissemination Processes and Products: Briefing to the Advisory Committee for the Sustained National Climate Assessment. TI - Evaluation of the Third NCA Production and Dissemination Processes and Products: Briefing to the Advisory Committee for the Sustained National Climate Assessment. UR - https://sncaadvisorycommittee.noaa.gov/Portals/0/Meeting-Documents/March-2017-Presentations/SNCA_AdvisoryCommittee_Mtg_Pres_March%2017_Dantzker-Shah-Gupta.pdf ID - 25118 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Darley, Vince CY - Massachusette Institute of Technology, Boston DA - 6-8 July 1994 N1 - ISBN: 9780262521901 (out of stock) PB - MIT Press PY - 1994 SP - 411-406 T2 - Artificial Life IV: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems TI - Emergent phenomena and complexity UR - http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.76.9965&rep=rep1&type=pdf ID - 21453 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Das, T. AU - Hidalgo, H. G. AU - Pierce, D. W. AU - Barnett, T. P. AU - Dettinger, M. D. AU - Cayan, D. R. AU - Bonfils, C. AU - Bala, G. AU - Mirin, A. C6 - NCA DA - 2009/08/01 DO - 10.1175/2009jhm1095.1 IS - 4 PY - 2009 SN - 1525-755X SP - 871-892 ST - Structure and detectability of trends in hydrological measures over the western United States T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - Structure and detectability of trends in hydrological measures over the western United States VL - 10 Y2 - 2013/08/02 ID - 13068 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Das, Tapash AU - Maurer, Edwin P. AU - Pierce, David W. AU - Dettinger, Michael D. AU - Cayan, Daniel R. DA - 2013/09/25/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.07.042 KW - Climate change Statistical downscaling Flood risk Sierra Nevada PY - 2013 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 101-110 ST - Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates VL - 501 ID - 25962 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dash, Soumya AU - Chakravarty, A. K. AU - Singh, Avtar AU - Upadhyay, Arpan AU - Singh, Manvendra AU - Saleem, Yousuf DO - 10.14202/vetworld.2016.235-244 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SP - 235-244 ST - Effect of heat stress on reproductive performances of dairy cattle and buffaloes: A review T2 - Veterinary World TI - Effect of heat stress on reproductive performances of dairy cattle and buffaloes: A review VL - 9 ID - 23513 ER - TY - MULTI AU - Dateline Pacific DA - 2016/04/01/ M3 - Audio and transcript PB - Radio New Zealand PY - 2016 ST - Little water left as Micronesia struggles with long drought TI - Little water left as Micronesia struggles with long drought UR - http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/programmes/datelinepacific/audio/201795416/little-water-left-as-micronesia-struggles-with-long-drought ID - 22368 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - David-Chavez, Dominique M. C4 - d28d3ba1-dd26-4038-be40-6bb6dca3399a CY - Raleigh, NC IS - April PB - NC Sate University PY - 2018 ST - Intergenerational research on Indigenous agricultural knowledge, climate resilience, and food security in the Caribbean T2 - Global Change Forum TI - Intergenerational research on Indigenous agricultural knowledge, climate resilience, and food security in the Caribbean UR - https://globalchange.ncsu.edu/intergenerational-research-on-indigenous-agricultural-knowledge-climate-resilience-and-food-security-in-the-caribbean/ ID - 25245 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Davidson, Andrew AU - Wang, Shusen DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2004.07.005 IS - 1 PY - 2004 SN - 0034-4257 SP - 211-224 ST - The effects of sampling resolution on the surface albedos of dominant land cover types in the North American boreal region T2 - Remote Sensing of Environment TI - The effects of sampling resolution on the surface albedos of dominant land cover types in the North American boreal region VL - 93 ID - 22574 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Davidson, Keith AU - Gowen, Richard J. AU - Harrison, Paul J. AU - Fleming, Lora E. AU - Hoagland, Porter AU - Moschonas, Grigorios DA - 2014/12/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.002 KW - Harmful algal blooms HABs Anthropogenic nutrients Human health Economic impact PY - 2014 SN - 0301-4797 SP - 206-216 ST - Anthropogenic nutrients and harmful algae in coastal waters T2 - Journal of Environmental Management TI - Anthropogenic nutrients and harmful algae in coastal waters VL - 146 ID - 24057 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Davies, Jess DO - 10.1038/543309a PY - 2017 SP - 309-311 ST - The business case for soil T2 - Nature TI - The business case for soil VL - 543 ID - 23514 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Davis, Courtney L. AU - Miller, David A. W. AU - Walls, Susan C. AU - Barichivich, William J. AU - Riley, Jeffrey W. AU - Brown, Mary E. DO - 10.1002/eap.1442 IS - 1 KW - amphibian communities climate metacommunity multispecies occupancy species interactions wetland dynamics PY - 2017 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 285-296 ST - Species interactions and the effects of climate variability on a wetland amphibian metacommunity T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Species interactions and the effects of climate variability on a wetland amphibian metacommunity VL - 27 ID - 23367 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Living shorelines are a type of estuarine shoreline erosion control that incorporates native vegetation and preserves native habitats. Because they provide the ecosystem services associated with natural coastal wetlands while also increasing shoreline resilience, living shorelines are part of the natural and hybrid infrastructure approach to coastal resiliency. Marshes created as living shorelines are typically narrow (< 30 m) fringing marshes with sandy substrates that are well flushed by tides. These characteristics distinguish living shorelines from the larger meadow marshes in which most of the current knowledge about created marshes was developed. The value of living shorelines for providing both erosion control and habitat for estuarine organisms has been documented but their capacity for carbon sequestration has not. We measured carbon sequestration rates in living shorelines and sandy transplanted Spartina alterniflora marshes in the Newport River Estuary, North Carolina. The marshes sampled here range in age from 12 to 38 years and represent a continuum of soil development. Carbon sequestration rates ranged from 58 to 283 g C m-2 yr-1 and decreased with marsh age. The pattern of lower sequestration rates in older marshes is hypothesized to be the result of a relative enrichment of labile organic matter in younger sites and illustrates the importance of choosing mature marshes for determination of long-term carbon sequestration potential. The data presented here are within the range of published carbon sequestration rates for S. alterniflora marshes and suggest that wide-scale use of the living shoreline approach to shoreline management may come with a substantial carbon benefit. AU - Davis, Jenny L. AU - Currin, Carolyn A. AU - O’Brien, Colleen AU - Raffenburg, Craig AU - Davis, Amanda DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0142595 IS - 11 PY - 2015 SP - e0142595 ST - Living shorelines: Coastal resilience with a blue carbon benefit T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Living shorelines: Coastal resilience with a blue carbon benefit VL - 10 ID - 25057 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The tide-gauge record from the North American East Coast reveals significant accelerations in sea level starting in the late twentieth century. The estimated post-1990 accelerations range from near zero to ∼0.3 mm yr−2. We find that the observed sea level acceleration is well modeled using several processes: mass change in Greenland and Antarctica as measured by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites; ocean dynamic and steric variability provided by the GECCO2 ocean synthesis; and the inverted barometer effect. However, to achieve this fit requires estimation of an admittance for the dynamical and steric contribution, possibly due to the coarse resolution of this analysis or to simplifications associated with parameterization of bottom friction in the shallow coastal areas. The acceleration from ice loss alone is equivalent to a regional sea level rise in one century of 0.2 m in the north and 0.75 m in the south of this region. AU - Davis, James L. AU - Vinogradova, Nadya T. DO - 10.1002/2017GL072845 IS - 10 PY - 2017 SP - 5133-5141 ST - Causes of accelerating sea level on the East Coast of North America T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Causes of accelerating sea level on the East Coast of North America VL - 44 ID - 26180 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Davis, Michelle AU - Clemmer, Steve CY - Cambridge, MA PB - Union of Concerned Scientists PY - 2014 SP - 16 ST - Power Failure—How Climate Change Puts Our Electricity at Risk and What We Can Do TI - Power Failure—How Climate Change Puts Our Electricity at Risk and What We Can Do UR - http://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/documents/Power-Failure-How-Climate-Change-Puts-Our-Electricity-at-Risk-and-What-We-Can-Do.pdf ID - 21664 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Biodiversity elements with narrow niches and restricted distributions (i.e., ‘short range endemics,’ SREs) are particularly vulnerable to climate change. The New Mexico Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi obscurus, CWO), an SRE listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act within three sky islands of southwestern North America, is constrained at low elevation by drought and at high elevation by wildfire. We combined long-term recapture and molecular data with demographic and niche modeling to gauge its climate-driven status, distribution, and projected longevity. The largest population (Animas) is numerically constricted (N = 151), with few breeding adults (Nb = 24) and an elevated inbreeding coefficient (ΔF = 0.77; 100 years). Mean home range (0.07km2) is significantly smaller compared to other North American rattlesnakes, and movements are within, not among sky islands. Demographic values, when gauged against those displayed by other endangered/Red-Listed reptiles [e.g., Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)], are either comparable or markedly lower. Survival rate differs significantly between genders (female2.0.CO;2 IS - 3 PY - 1995 SN - 1520-0442 SP - 606-623 ST - Large-scale atmospheric forcing of recent trends toward early snowmelt runoff in California T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Large-scale atmospheric forcing of recent trends toward early snowmelt runoff in California VL - 8 ID - 13116 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The USGS Multihazards Project is working with numerous agencies to evaluate and plan for hazards and damages that could be caused by extreme winter storms impacting California. Atmospheric and hydrological aspects of a hypothetical storm scenario have been quantified as a basis for estimation of human, infrastructure, economic, and environmental impacts for emergency-preparedness and flood-planning exercises. In order to ensure scientific defensibility and necessary levels of detail in the scenario description, selected historical storm episodes were concatentated to describe a rapid arrival of several major storms over the state, yielding precipitation totals and runoff rates beyond those occurring during the individual historical storms. This concatenation allowed the scenario designers to avoid arbitrary scalings and is based on historical occasions from the 19th and 20th Centuries when storms have stalled over the state and when extreme storms have arrived in rapid succession. Dynamically consistent, hourly precipitation, temperatures, barometric pressures (for consideration of storm surges and coastal erosion), and winds over California were developed for the so-called ARkStorm scenario by downscaling the concatenated global records of the historical storm sequences onto 6- and 2-km grids using a regional weather model of January 1969 and February 1986 storm conditions. The weather model outputs were then used to force a hydrologic model to simulate ARkStorm runoff, to better understand resulting flooding risks. Methods used to build this scenario can be applied to other emergency, nonemergency and non-California applications. AU - Dettinger, Michael D. AU - Martin Ralph, F. AU - Hughes, Mimi AU - Das, Tapash AU - Neiman, Paul AU - Cox, Dale AU - Estes, Gary AU - Reynolds, David AU - Hartman, Robert AU - Cayan, Daniel AU - Jones, Lucy DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s11069-011-9894-5 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1573-0840 SP - 1085-1111 ST - Design and quantification of an extreme winter storm scenario for emergency preparedness and planning exercises in California T2 - Natural Hazards TI - Design and quantification of an extreme winter storm scenario for emergency preparedness and planning exercises in California VL - 60 ID - 21450 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dey, K. C. AU - Mishra, A. AU - Chowdhury, M. DO - 10.1109/TITS.2014.2371455 IS - 3 KW - innovation management intelligent transportation systems mobile computing roads socio-economic effects weather forecasting ITS innovations ITS-based initiatives RWIS adverse weather conditions adverse weather impacts governmental weather services mobile road weather data collection proactive maintenance activities reactive maintenance activities road mobility road weather events road weather forecasting techniques road weather information system route-specific road weather conditions society economic output surface transportation system system-wide deployments Computer crashes Maintenance engineering Snow Climate change connected vehicles extreme weather events intelligent transportation systems (ITS) road weather winter road maintenance PY - 2015 SN - 1524-9050 SP - 1107-1119 ST - Potential of intelligent transportation systems in mitigating adverse weather impacts on road mobility: A review T2 - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems TI - Potential of intelligent transportation systems in mitigating adverse weather impacts on road mobility: A review VL - 16 ID - 21183 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DHHS CY - Rockville, MD PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality PY - 2014 SN - AHRQ Publication No. 14-0006 ST - National Healthcare Disparities Report 2013 TI - National Healthcare Disparities Report 2013 UR - http://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr13/index.html ID - 18281 ER - TY - WEB AU - DHS CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) PY - 2017 ST - Regional Resiliency Assessment Program TI - Regional Resiliency Assessment Program UR - https://www.dhs.gov/regional-resiliency-assessment-program# ID - 21342 ER - TY - WEB AU - DHS CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) PY - 2018 ST - Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data (HIFLD) [web tool] TI - Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data (HIFLD) [web tool] UR - https://hifld-geoplatform.opendata.arcgis.com/ ID - 26116 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Di Liberto, Tom CY - Silver Spring, MD M1 - July 8 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2016 ST - "Thousand-year" downpour led to deadly West Virginia floods T2 - Climate.gov News & Features TI - "Thousand-year" downpour led to deadly West Virginia floods UR - https://www.climate.gov/news-features/event-tracker/thousand-year-downpour-led-deadly-west-virginia-floods ID - 26184 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Di Lorenzo, Emanuele AU - Mantua, Nathan DA - 07/11/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3082 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 1042-1047 ST - Multi-year persistence of the 2014/15 North Pacific marine heatwave T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Multi-year persistence of the 2014/15 North Pacific marine heatwave VL - 6 ID - 24672 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Diaz, Delavane AU - Keller, Klaus DO - 10.1257/aer.p20161103 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SP - 607-611 ST - A potential disintegration of the West Antarctic ice sheet: Implications for economic analyses of climate policy T2 - American Economic Review TI - A potential disintegration of the West Antarctic ice sheet: Implications for economic analyses of climate policy VL - 106 ID - 24494 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Diaz, Delavane AU - Moore, Frances DA - 11/02/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3411 M3 - Review Article PY - 2017 SP - 774-782 ST - Quantifying the economic risks of climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Quantifying the economic risks of climate change VL - 7 ID - 24496 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Diaz, Delavane AU - Moore, Frances CY - Palo Alto, CA PB - EPRI PY - 2017 SN - Report #3002011885 SP - 34 ST - Valuing Potential Climate Impacts: A Review of Current Limitations and the Research Frontier TI - Valuing Potential Climate Impacts: A Review of Current Limitations and the Research Frontier UR - https://www.epri.com/#/pages/product/3002011885/ ID - 25213 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coastal sector impacts from sea level rise (SLR) are a key component of the projected economic damages of climate change, a major input to decision-making and design of climate policy. Moreover, the ultimate global costs to coastal resources will depend strongly on adaptation, society’s response to cope with the local impacts. This paper presents a new open-source optimization model to assess global coastal impacts from SLR from the perspective of economic efficiency. The Coastal Impact and Adaptation Model (CIAM) determines the optimal strategy for adaptation at the local level, evaluating over 12,000 coastal segments, as described in the DIVA database (Vafeidis et al. 2006), based on their socioeconomic characteristics and the potential impacts of relative sea level rise and uncertain sea level extremes. A deterministic application of CIAM demonstrates the model’s ability to assess local impacts and direct costs, choose the least-cost adaptation, and estimate global net damages for several climate scenarios that account for both global and local components of SLR (Kopp et al. 2014). CIAM finds that there is large potential for coastal adaptation to reduce the expected impacts of SLR compared to the alternative of no adaptation, lowering global net present costs through 2100 by a factor of seven to less than $1.7 trillion, although this does not include initial transition costs to overcome an under-adapted current state. In addition to producing aggregate estimates, CIAM results can also be interpreted at the local level, where retreat (e.g., relocate inland) is often a more cost-effective adaptation strategy than protect (e.g., construct physical defenses). AU - Diaz, Delavane B. DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1675-4 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 143-156 ST - Estimating global damages from sea level rise with the Coastal Impact and Adaptation Model (CIAM) T2 - Climatic Change TI - Estimating global damages from sea level rise with the Coastal Impact and Adaptation Model (CIAM) VL - 137 ID - 24495 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Diaz, John M. PB - Southern Fire Exchange PY - 2012 SN - SFE Fact Sheet 2012-7 SP - 4 ST - Economic Impacts of Wildfire TI - Economic Impacts of Wildfire UR - http://www.southernfireexchange.org/SFE_Publications/factsheets/2012-7.pdf ID - 26025 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Díaz, Pacia AU - Stanek, Paul AU - Frantzeskaki, Niki AU - Yeh, Daniel H. DA - 2016/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scs.2016.03.016 KW - Coastal cities Urban water cycle IUWM Urban well field Water recycling Water conservation PY - 2016 SN - 2210-6707 SP - 555-567 ST - Shifting paradigms, changing waters: Transitioning to integrated urban water management in the coastal city of Dunedin, USA T2 - Sustainable Cities and Society TI - Shifting paradigms, changing waters: Transitioning to integrated urban water management in the coastal city of Dunedin, USA VL - 26 ID - 21448 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Díaz, R.J. AU - Rosenberg, R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1126/science.1156401 IS - 5891 PY - 2008 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 926-929 ST - Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems T2 - Science TI - Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems VL - 321 ID - 13125 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Díaz, Robert J. AU - Rosenberg, Rutger DA - 2011/03/01 DO - 10.1080/07900627.2010.531379 IS - 1 PY - 2011 SN - 0790-0627 SP - 71-82 ST - Introduction to environmental and economic consequences of hypoxia T2 - International Journal of Water Resources Development TI - Introduction to environmental and economic consequences of hypoxia VL - 27 ID - 25574 ER - TY - JOUR AB - High summer temperatures in extratropical areas have an impact on the public’s health, mainly through heat stress, high air pollution concentrations, and the transmission of tropical diseases. The purpose of this study is to examine the current characteristics of heat events and future projections of summer apparent temperature (AT)–and associated health concerns–throughout the southeastern United States. Synoptic climatology was used to assess the atmospheric characteristics of extreme heat days (EHDs) from 1979–2015. Ozone concentrations also were examined during EHDs. Trends in summer-season AT over the 37-year period and correlations between AT and atmospheric circulation were determined. Mid-century estimates of summer AT were calculated using downscaled data from an ensemble of global climate models. EHDs throughout the Southeast were characterized by ridging and anticyclones over the Southeast and the presence of moist tropical air masses. Exceedingly high ozone concentrations occurred on EHDs in the Atlanta area and throughout central North Carolina. While summer ATs did not increase significantly from 1979–2015, summer ATs are projected to increase substantially by mid-century, with most the Southeast having ATs similar to that of present-day southern Florida (i.e., a tropical climate). High ozone concentrations should continue to occur during future heat events. Large urban areas are expected to be the most affected by the future warming, resulting from intensifying and expanding urban heat islands, a large increase in heat-vulnerable populations, and climate conditions that will be highly suitable for tropical-disease transmission by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. This nexus of vulnerability creates the potential for heat-related morbidity and mortality, as well as the appearance of disease not previously seen in the region. These effects can be attenuated by policies that reduce urban heat (e.g., cool roofs and green roofs) and that improve infrastructure (e.g. emergency services, conditioned space). AU - Diem, Jeremy E. AU - Stauber, Christine E. AU - Rothenberg, Richard DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0177937 IS - 5 PY - 2017 SP - e0177937 ST - Heat in the southeastern United States: Characteristics, trends, and potential health impact T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Heat in the southeastern United States: Characteristics, trends, and potential health impact VL - 12 ID - 26327 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We revisit the global mean sea level (GMSL) budget during the whole altimetry era (January 1993 to December 2015) using a large number of data sets. The budget approach allows quantifying the TOPEX A altimeter drift (amounting 1.5 ± 0.5 mm/yr over 1993–1998). Accounting for this correction and using ensemble means for the GMSL and components lead to closure of the sea level budget (trend of the residual time series being 0.0 ± 0.22 mm/yr). The new GMSL rate over January 1993 to December 2015 is now close to 3.0 mm/yr. An important increase of the GMSL rate, of 0.8 mm/yr, is found during the second half of the altimetry era (2004–2015) compared to the 1993–2004 time span, mostly due to Greenland mass loss increase and also to slight increase of all other components of the budget. AU - Dieng, H. B. AU - Cazenave, A. AU - Meyssignac, B. AU - Ablain, M. DA - 2017/04/28/ DO - 10.1002/2017GL073308 IS - 8 KW - Sea level 1641 Sea level change 4556 Sea level: variations and mean satellite altimetry sea level budget PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 3744–3751 ST - New estimate of the current rate of sea level rise from a sea level budget approach T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - New estimate of the current rate of sea level rise from a sea level budget approach VL - 44 ID - 22417 ER - TY - MGZN AU - Dierkes, Christina M1 - 4 PB - Ohio Sea Grant PY - 2012 SP - 3-5 ST - From farm fields to wetlands T2 - Twine Line TI - From farm fields to wetlands UR - https://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/p/3un80 VL - 34 ID - 26603 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Survey, U. S. Geological AU - Dieter, Cheryl A. AU - Maupin, Molly A. AU - Caldwell, Rodney R. AU - Harris, Melissa A. AU - Ivahnenko, Tamara I. AU - Lovelace, John K. AU - Barber, Nancy L. AU - Linsey, Kristin S. CY - Reston, VA DB - USGS Publications Warehouse DO - 10.3133/cir1441 LA - English M3 - Report PY - 2018 SN - 1441 SP - 76 ST - Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2015 T2 - Circular TI - Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2015 ID - 26408 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dietrich, Joseph P. AU - Van Gaest, Ahna L. AU - Strickland, Stacy A. AU - Arkoosh, Mary R. DA - 2014/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.079 KW - Salmon Malathion Disease susceptibility Temperature Multiple stressors PY - 2014 SN - 0045-6535 SP - 353-359 ST - The impact of temperature stress and pesticide exposure on mortality and disease susceptibility of endangered Pacific salmon T2 - Chemosphere TI - The impact of temperature stress and pesticide exposure on mortality and disease susceptibility of endangered Pacific salmon VL - 108 ID - 24708 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Diez, Jeffrey M. AU - D’Antonio, Carla M. AU - Dukes, Jeffrey S. AU - Grosholz, Edwin D. AU - Olden, Julian D. AU - Sorte, Cascade J. B. AU - Blumenthal, Dana M. AU - Bradley, Bethany A. AU - Early, Regan AU - Ibáñez, Inés AU - Jones, Sierra J. AU - Lawler, Joshua J. AU - Miller, Luke P. C6 - NCA DA - 2012/06/01 DO - 10.1890/110137 IS - 5 PY - 2012 SN - 1540-9295 SP - 249-257 ST - Will extreme climatic events facilitate biological invasions? T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Will extreme climatic events facilitate biological invasions? VL - 10 Y2 - 2013/07/31 ID - 13130 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Diez, Jeffrey M. AU - Ibáñez, Inés AU - Silander, John A. AU - Primack, Richard AU - Higuchi, Hiroyoshi AU - Kobori, Hiromi AU - Sen, Ananda AU - James, Timothy Y. DO - 10.1890/13-1533.1 IS - 7 KW - climate daily models frost events phenology thermal forcing weather events PY - 2014 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 1793-1802 ST - Beyond seasonal climate: Statistical estimation of phenological responses to weather T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Beyond seasonal climate: Statistical estimation of phenological responses to weather VL - 24 ID - 23371 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S. DO - 10.1007/s00382-009-0566-z IS - 7-8 PY - 2009 SN - 0930-7575 SP - 945-958 ST - Influence of modern land cover on the climate of the United States T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Influence of modern land cover on the climate of the United States VL - 33 ID - 22576 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Terrestrial ecosystems have encountered substantial warming over the past century, with temperatures increasing about twice as rapidly over land as over the oceans. Here, we review the likelihood of continued changes in terrestrial climate, including analyses of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project global climate model ensemble. Inertia toward continued emissions creates potential 21st-century global warming that is comparable in magnitude to that of the largest global changes in the past 65 million years but is orders of magnitude more rapid. The rate of warming implies a velocity of climate change and required range shifts of up to several kilometers per year, raising the prospect of daunting challenges for ecosystems, especially in the context of extensive land use and degradation, changes in frequency and severity of extreme events, and interactions with other stresses. AD - Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. diffenbaugh@stanford.edu AU - Diffenbaugh, N. S. AU - Field, C. B. C6 - NIEHS DA - Aug 2 DB - DO - 10.1126/science.1237123 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2013/08/03 IS - 6145 KW - Climate Change Ecology Ecosystem Forecasting Global Warming Humans Models, Theoretical Temperature LA - eng PY - 2013 SN - 1095-9203 (Electronic) 0036-8075 (Linking) SP - 486-92 ST - Changes in ecologically critical terrestrial climate conditions T2 - Science TI - Changes in ecologically critical terrestrial climate conditions VL - 341 ID - 4324 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We explore the potential to improve understanding of the climate system by directly targeting climate model analyses at specific indicators of climate change impact. Using the temperature suitability of premium winegrape cultivation as a climate impacts indicator, we quantify the inter- and intra-ensemble spread in three climate model ensembles: a physically uniform multi-member ensemble consisting of the RegCM3 high-resolution climate model nested within the NCAR CCSM3 global climate model; the multi-model NARCCAP ensemble consisting of single realizations of multiple high-resolution climate models nested within multiple global climate models; and the multi-model CMIP3 ensemble consisting of realizations of multiple global climate models. We find that the temperature suitability for premium winegrape cultivation is substantially reduced throughout the high-value growing areas of California and the Columbia Valley region (eastern Oregon and Washington) in all three ensembles in response to changes in temperature projected for the mid-twenty first century period. The reductions in temperature suitability are driven primarily by projected increases in mean growing season temperature and occurrence of growing season severe hot days. The intra-ensemble spread in the simulated climate change impact is smaller in the single-model ensemble than in the multi-model ensembles, suggesting that the uncertainty arising from internal climate system variability is smaller than the uncertainty arising from climate model formulation. In addition, the intra-ensemble spread is similar in the NARCCAP nested climate model ensemble and the CMIP3 global climate model ensemble, suggesting that the uncertainty arising from the model formulation of fine-scale climate processes is not smaller than the uncertainty arising from the formulation of large-scale climate processes. Correction of climate model biases substantially reduces both the inter- and intra-ensemble spread in projected climate change impact, particularly for the multi-model ensembles, suggesting that—at least for some systems—the projected impacts of climate change could be more robust than the projected climate change. Extension of this impacts-based analysis to a larger suite of impacts indicators will deepen our understanding of future climate change uncertainty by focusing on the climate phenomena that most directly influence natural and human systems. AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S. AU - Scherer, Martin DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s00382-012-1377-1 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 709-729 ST - Using climate impacts indicators to evaluate climate model ensembles: Temperature suitability of premium winegrape cultivation in the United States T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Using climate impacts indicators to evaluate climate model ensembles: Temperature suitability of premium winegrape cultivation in the United States VL - 40 ID - 25945 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although severe thunderstorms are one of the primary causes of catastrophic loss in the United States, their response to elevated greenhouse forcing has remained a prominent source of uncertainty for climate change impacts assessment. We find that the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5, global climate model ensemble indicates robust increases in the occurrence of severe thunderstorm environments over the eastern United States in response to further global warming. For spring and autumn, these robust increases emerge before mean global warming of 2 °C above the preindustrial baseline. We also find that days with high convective available potential energy (CAPE) and strong low-level wind shear increase in occurrence, suggesting an increasing likelihood of atmospheric conditions that contribute to the most severe events, including tornadoes. In contrast, whereas expected decreases in mean wind shear have been used to argue for a negative influence of global warming on severe thunderstorms, we find that decreases in shear are in fact concentrated in days with low CAPE and therefore do not decrease the total occurrence of severe environments. Further, we find that the shift toward high CAPE is most concentrated in days with low convective inhibition, increasing the occurrence of high-CAPE/low-convective inhibition days. The fact that the projected increases in severe environments are robust across a suite of climate models, emerge in response to relatively moderate global warming, and result from robust physical changes suggests that continued increases in greenhouse forcing are likely to increase severe thunderstorm occurrence, thereby increasing the risk of thunderstorm-related damage. AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S. AU - Scherer, Martin AU - Trapp, Robert J. C6 - NCA DA - October 8, 2013 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1307758110 IS - 41 PY - 2013 SP - 16361-16366 ST - Robust increases in severe thunderstorm environments in response to greenhouse forcing T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Robust increases in severe thunderstorm environments in response to greenhouse forcing VL - 110 ID - 13132 ER - TY - JOUR AB - California is currently in the midst of a record-setting drought. The drought began in 2012 and now includes the lowest calendar-year and 12-mo precipitation, the highest annual temperature, and the most extreme drought indicators on record. The extremely warm and dry conditions have led to acute water shortages, groundwater overdraft, critically low streamflow, and enhanced wildfire risk. Analyzing historical climate observations from California, we find that precipitation deficits in California were more than twice as likely to yield drought years if they occurred when conditions were warm. We find that although there has not been a substantial change in the probability of either negative or moderately negative precipitation anomalies in recent decades, the occurrence of drought years has been greater in the past two decades than in the preceding century. In addition, the probability that precipitation deficits co-occur with warm conditions and the probability that precipitation deficits produce drought have both increased. Climate model experiments with and without anthropogenic forcings reveal that human activities have increased the probability that dry precipitation years are also warm. Further, a large ensemble of climate model realizations reveals that additional global warming over the next few decades is very likely to create ∼100% probability that any annual-scale dry period is also extremely warm. We therefore conclude that anthropogenic warming is increasing the probability of co-occurring warm–dry conditions like those that have created the acute human and ecosystem impacts associated with the “exceptional” 2012–2014 drought in California. AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S. AU - Swain, Daniel L. AU - Touma, Danielle DA - March 31, 2015 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1422385112 IS - 13 PY - 2015 SP - 3931-3936 ST - Anthropogenic warming has increased drought risk in California T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Anthropogenic warming has increased drought risk in California VL - 112 ID - 19545 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Design and implementation of effective climate change adaptation activities requires quantitative assessment of the impacts that are likely to occur without adaptation, as well as the fraction of impact that can be avoided through each activity. Here we present a quantitative framework inspired by the greenhouse gas stabilization wedges of Pacala and Socolow. In our proposed framework, the damage avoided by each adaptation activity creates an 'adaptation wedge' relative to the loss that would occur without that adaptation activity. We use premium winegrape suitability in the western United States as an illustrative case study, focusing on the near-term period that covers the years 2000–39. We find that the projected warming over this period results in the loss of suitable winegrape area throughout much of California, including most counties in the high-value North Coast and Central Coast regions. However, in quantifying adaptation wedges for individual high-value counties, we find that a large adaptation wedge can be captured by increasing the severe heat tolerance, including elimination of the 50% loss projected by the end of the 2030–9 period in the North Coast region, and reduction of the projected loss in the Central Coast region from 30% to less than 15%. Increased severe heat tolerance can capture an even larger adaptation wedge in the Pacific Northwest, including conversion of a projected loss of more than 30% in the Columbia Valley region of Washington to a projected gain of more than 150%. We also find that warming projected over the near-term decades has the potential to alter the quality of winegrapes produced in the western US, and we discuss potential actions that could create adaptation wedges given these potential changes in quality. While the present effort represents an initial exploration of one aspect of one industry, the climate adaptation wedge framework could be used to quantitatively evaluate the opportunities and limits of climate adaptation within and across a broad range of natural and human systems. AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S. AU - White, Michael A. AU - Jones, Gregory V. AU - Ashfaq, Moetasim DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/6/2/024024 IS - 2 PY - 2011 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 024024 ST - Climate adaptation wedges: A case study of premium wine in the western United States T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Climate adaptation wedges: A case study of premium wine in the western United States VL - 6 ID - 24709 ER - TY - WEB AU - Digital Coast CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - NOAA Office for Coastal Management PY - 2018 ST - Coastal Flood Exposure Mapper TI - Coastal Flood Exposure Mapper UR - https://www.coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/tools/flood-exposure.html ID - 26047 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In recent years increasing attention has been focused on understanding the different resources that can support decision makers at all levels in responding to climate variability and change. This article focuses on the role that access to information and other potential constraints may play in the context of water decision making across three U.S. regions (the Intermountain West, the Great Lakes, and the Carolinas). The authors report on the degree to which climate-related needs or constraints pertinent to water resources are regionally specific. They also find that stakeholder-identified constraints or needs extended beyond the need for data/information to enabling factors such as governance arrangements and how to improve collaboration and communication. As climate information networks expand and emphasis is placed on encouraging adaptation more broadly, these constraints have implications not only for how information dissemination efforts are organized but for how those efforts need to be informed by the larger regional context in a resource-limited and fragmented landscape. AU - Dilling, Lisa AU - Lackstrom, Kirsten AU - Haywood, Benjamin AU - Dow, Kirstin AU - Lemos, Maria Carmen AU - Berggren, John AU - Kalafatis, Scott DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-14-00001.1 IS - 1 KW - Climate change,Climate variability,Policy,Societal impacts PY - 2015 SP - 5-17 ST - What stakeholder needs tell us about enabling adaptive capacity: The intersection of context and information provision across regions in the United States T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - What stakeholder needs tell us about enabling adaptive capacity: The intersection of context and information provision across regions in the United States VL - 7 ID - 26359 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dinan, Terry DA - 2017/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.03.034 KW - Climate change Hurricane damage Sea level rise Damage elasticities Wind damage Storm surge PY - 2017 SN - 0921-8009 SP - 186-198 ST - Projected increases in hurricane damage in the United States: The role of climate change and coastal development T2 - Ecological Economics TI - Projected increases in hurricane damage in the United States: The role of climate change and coastal development VL - 138 ID - 23085 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dionne, Mélanie AU - Miller, Kristina M. AU - Dodson, Julian J. AU - Caron, François AU - Bernatchez, Louis DO - 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00178.x IS - 9 KW - Coevolution genetic diversity local adaptation MHC salmon temperature PY - 2007 SN - 1558-5646 SP - 2154-2164 ST - Clinal variation in MHC diversity with temperature: Evidence for the role of host–pathogen interaction on local adaptation in Atlantic salmon T2 - Evolution TI - Clinal variation in MHC diversity with temperature: Evidence for the role of host–pathogen interaction on local adaptation in Atlantic salmon VL - 61 ID - 23372 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The water, soil and vegetation characteristics are presented of themangroves of the Saloum River estuary, Senegal, in 1995 and 1996. Themangroves have changed markedly due to decreasing rainfall and increasingevaporation rates, particularly in the 1980s, as well as new oceanographicconditions resulting from the breaching of a protective sand dune. Thehealth of the remaining mangrove communities depends on the localhydrological and hydrodynamic conditions, the microtopography, the humanexploitation of the forest and the clay-sand composition of the soils. AU - Diop, E.S. AU - Soumare, A. AU - Diallo, N. AU - Guisse, A. DA - September 01 DO - 10.1023/a:1009900724172 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 1997 SN - 1572-977X SP - 163-172 ST - Recent changes of the mangroves of the Saloum River Estuary, Senegal T2 - Mangroves and Salt Marshes TI - Recent changes of the mangroves of the Saloum River Estuary, Senegal VL - 1 ID - 24308 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dirks, James A. AU - Gorrissen, Willy J. AU - Hathaway, John H. AU - Skorski, Daniel C. AU - Scott, Michael J. AU - Pulsipher, Trenton C. AU - Huang, Maoyi AU - Liu, Ying AU - Rice, Jennie S. DA - 1/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2014.08.081 KW - Climate change Buildings Energy demand PY - 2015 SN - 0360-5442 SP - 20-32 ST - Impacts of climate change on energy consumption and peak demand in buildings: A detailed regional approach T2 - Energy TI - Impacts of climate change on energy consumption and peak demand in buildings: A detailed regional approach VL - 79 ID - 21343 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dittmer, Kyle C6 - NCA DA - October 2013 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0745-0 IS - 3 LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 627-641 ST - Changing streamflow on Columbia basin tribal lands—Climate change and salmon T2 - Climatic Change TI - Changing streamflow on Columbia basin tribal lands—Climate change and salmon VL - 120 ID - 13139 ER - TY - JOUR AB - For Indigenous communities, protecting traditional lands and waters is of the utmost importance. In the U.S. context, scholars have documented an unfortunate neglect of water quality on tribal lands. Treatment as a State (TAS) provisions, adopted in the 1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act, and tribal Water Quality Standards (WQSs) programs are intended to address such problems. Importantly, tribal WQSs may be more stringent than neighboring state standards, and can be used to influence pollution levels coming from upstream, off-reservation users. Tribes can also develop WQSs that support unique tribal values, including ceremonial and cultural uses of native waters. Yet scholarly debates question whether tribal environmental self-determination strategies can fully succeed within dominant regulatory structures. Based on a synthesis of the published literature, this article examines tribal WQSs as a case of tribal environmental self-determination. The author discusses how U.S. tribes pursue WQSs under TAS, program outcomes, and why so few tribes have established WQSs to date. Because most scholarship was found within the legal literature, the author focuses on the legal and political outcomes that arise from tribal WQSs, and analyzes specific opportunities and constraints for program participants. The author also considers how some tribes use WQSs as a “third space” strategy—simultaneously working inside and outside of dominant government structures to advance tribal sovereignty (Bruyneel ). Additional research is needed to understand the diversity of tribal environmental self-determination strategies that occur through federal regulatory frameworks and under tribal law. AU - Diver, Sibyl DO - 10.1111/j.1936-704X.2018.03267.x IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - 6-30 ST - Native water protection flows through self-determination: Understanding tribal water quality standards and “Treatment as a State” T2 - Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education TI - Native water protection flows through self-determination: Understanding tribal water quality standards and “Treatment as a State” VL - 163 ID - 25997 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dobrowski, Solomon Z. AU - Abatzoglou, John AU - Swanson, Alan K. AU - Greenberg, Jonathan A. AU - Mynsberge, Alison R. AU - Holden, Zachary A. AU - Schwartz, Michael K. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12026 IS - 1 KW - climate change velocity climate velocity vectors climate change impacts climatic water balance PY - 2013 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 241-251 ST - The climate velocity of the contiguous United States during the 20th century T2 - Global Change Biology TI - The climate velocity of the contiguous United States during the 20th century VL - 19 ID - 23373 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dobrowski, Solomon Z. AU - Parks, Sean A. DA - 08/01/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms12349 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 12349 ST - Climate change velocity underestimates climate change exposure in mountainous regions T2 - Nature Communications TI - Climate change velocity underestimates climate change exposure in mountainous regions VL - 7 ID - 25734 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOD C6 - NCA DA - February 2010 PB - U.S. Department of Defense PY - 2010 RN - http://archive.defense.gov/qdr/QDR%20as%20of%2029JAN10%201600.pdf SP - 128 ST - Quadrennial Defense Review TI - Quadrennial Defense Review UR - http://archive.defense.gov/qdr/QDR%20as%20of%2029JAN10%201600.pdf ID - 13147 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOD CY - Washington, DC PB - Department of Defense PY - 2013 SP - 14 ST - Arctic Strategy TI - Arctic Strategy UR - https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2013_Arctic_Strategy.pdf ID - 25844 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOD PB - U.S. Department of Defense PY - 2014 SP - 64 ST - Quadrennial Defense Review TI - Quadrennial Defense Review UR - http://archive.defense.gov/pubs/2014_quadrennial_defense_review.pdf ID - 18839 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOD CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) PY - 2015 SP - 14 ST - National Security Implications of Climate-Related Risks and a Changing Climate: Submitted in Response to a Request Contained in Senate Report 113-211, Accompanying H.R. 4870, the Department of Defense Appropriations Bill, 2015 TI - National Security Implications of Climate-Related Risks and a Changing Climate: Submitted in Response to a Request Contained in Senate Report 113-211, Accompanying H.R. 4870, the Department of Defense Appropriations Bill, 2015 UR - http://archive.defense.gov/pubs/150724-congressional-report-on-national-implications-of-climate-change.pdf?source=govdelivery ID - 21447 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DoD CY - Washington, DC NV - DoD Directive 4715.21 PB - U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) PY - 2016 SP - 12 ST - Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience TI - Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience UR - https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/471521p.pdf ID - 24194 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOD CY - Arlington, VA PB - U.S. Department of Defense, Office of Economic Adjustment PY - 2018 SP - various ST - 2018 Climate-Related Risk to DoD Infrastructure Initial Vulnerability Assessment Survey (SLVAS) Report TI - 2018 Climate-Related Risk to DoD Infrastructure Initial Vulnerability Assessment Survey (SLVAS) Report UR - http://www.oea.gov/resource/2018-climate-related-risk-dod-infrastructure-initial-vulnerability-assessment-survey-slvas ID - 26739 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Dodgen, Daniel AU - Donato, Darrin AU - Kelly, Nancy AU - La Greca, Annette AU - Morganstein, Joshua AU - Reser, Joseph AU - Ruzek, Josef AU - Schweitzer, Shulamit AU - Shimamoto, Mark M. AU - Thigpen Tart, Kimberly AU - Ursano, Robert C4 - 6b22a163-b918-48bf-993f-32e61712a455 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0TX3C9H PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 217–246 ST - Ch. 8: Mental health and well-being T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 8: Mental health and well-being ID - 19380 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dodman, D. AU - Satterthwaite, D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1111/j.1759-5436.2008.tb00478.x IS - 4 PY - 2008 SN - 1759-5436 SP - 67-74 ST - Institutional capacity, climate change adaptation and the urban poor T2 - IDS Bulletin TI - Institutional capacity, climate change adaptation and the urban poor VL - 39 ID - 13150 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC NV - DOE/PI-0013 PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) PY - 2013 SP - 73 ST - U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather TI - U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather UR - http://www.energy.gov/downloads/us-energy-sector-vulnerabilities-climate-change-and-extreme-weather ID - 21344 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) PY - 2013 SP - 29 ST - Effects of Climate Change on Federal Hydropower: Report to Congress TI - Effects of Climate Change on Federal Hydropower: Report to Congress UR - https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/hydro_climate_change_report.pdf ID - 24803 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy PY - 2014 SP - 44 ST - Effect of Sea Level Rise on Energy Infrastructure in Four Major Metropolitan Areas TI - Effect of Sea Level Rise on Energy Infrastructure in Four Major Metropolitan Areas UR - https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/10/f18/DOE-OE_SLR%20Public%20Report_Final%20_2014-10-10.pdf ID - 25907 ER - TY - WEB AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy PY - 2014 ST - INFOGRAPHIC: Understanding the Grid TI - INFOGRAPHIC: Understanding the Grid UR - https://www.energy.gov/articles/infographic-understanding-grid ID - 25908 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC NV - DOE/EPSA-0005 PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) PY - 2015 SP - 189 ST - Climate Change and the U.S. Energy Sector: Regional Vulnerabilities and Resilience Solutions TI - Climate Change and the U.S. Energy Sector: Regional Vulnerabilities and Resilience Solutions UR - https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/10/f27/Regional_Climate_Vulnerabilities_and_Resilience_Solutions_0.pdf ID - 21345 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) PY - 2015 ST - Transforming U.S. Energy Infrastructures in a Time of Rapid Change: The First Installment of the Quadrennial Energy Review TI - Transforming U.S. Energy Infrastructures in a Time of Rapid Change: The First Installment of the Quadrennial Energy Review UR - https://energy.gov/epsa/downloads/quadrennial-energy-review-first-installment ID - 21346 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) PY - 2015 SP - 489 ST - An Assessment of Energy Technologies and Research Opportunities: Quadrennial Technology Review TI - An Assessment of Energy Technologies and Research Opportunities: Quadrennial Technology Review UR - https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/09/f26/Quadrennial-Technology-Review-2015_0.pdf ID - 21347 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Office of Indian Energy PY - 2015 SP - 489 ST - Tribal Energy System Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather TI - Tribal Energy System Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather UR - https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/09/f26/Tribal%20Energy%20Vulnerabilities%20to%20Climate%20Change%208-26-15b.pdf ID - 21348 ER - TY - CHAP AU - DOE C4 - 07b7c06f-35f8-4205-a585-b45e3de00f22 PB - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis PY - 2015 SP - 4.1-4.18 ST - Chapter 4: Northern Great Plains T2 - Climate Change and the U.S. Energy Sector: Regional Vulnerabilities and Resilience Solutions TI - Chapter 4: Northern Great Plains UR - https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/10/f27/Regional_Climate_Vulnerabilities_and_Resilience_Solutions_0.pdf ID - 21661 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) PY - 2015 ST - Quadrennial Energy Review (QER) TI - Quadrennial Energy Review (QER) UR - https://www.energy.gov/policy/initiatives/quadrennial-energy-review-qer ID - 26526 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC NV - DOE/EE-1478 PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) PY - 2016 SP - 25 ST - Revolution...Now: The Future Arrives for Five Clean Energy Technologies—2016 Update TI - Revolution...Now: The Future Arrives for Five Clean Energy Technologies—2016 Update UR - https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/Revolutiona%CC%82%E2%82%ACNow%202016%20Report_2.pdf ID - 21349 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) PY - 2016 SP - 100 ST - Climate Change and the Electricity Sector: Guide for Climate Change Resilience Planning TI - Climate Change and the Electricity Sector: Guide for Climate Change Resilience Planning UR - https://www.energy.gov/epsa/downloads/climate-change-and-electricity-sector-guide-climate-change-resilience-planning ID - 21350 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC NV - DOE/EE-1418 PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy PY - 2016 SP - 100 ST - Solid-State Lighting: R&D Plan TI - Solid-State Lighting: R&D Plan UR - https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/06/f32/ssl_rd-plan_%20jun2016_2.pdf ID - 21352 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Policy and System Analysis PY - 2016 SP - 89 ST - A Review of Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments: Current Practices and Lessons Learned from DOE's Partnership for Energy Sector Climate Resilience TI - A Review of Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments: Current Practices and Lessons Learned from DOE's Partnership for Energy Sector Climate Resilience UR - https://www.energy.gov/epsa/downloads/review-climate-change-vulnerability-assessments-current-practices-and-lessons-learned ID - 21354 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC NV - DOE/EPSA-0008 PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) PY - 2017 ST - Transforming the Nation’s Electricity System: The Second Installment of the QER TI - Transforming the Nation’s Electricity System: The Second Installment of the QER UR - https://energy.gov/epsa/quadrennial-energy-review-second-installment ID - 21355 ER - TY - WEB AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) PY - 2017 ST - Tribal energy projects database TI - Tribal energy projects database UR - https://energy.gov/indianenergy/maps/tribal-energy-projects-database ID - 23907 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) PY - 2017 SP - 181 ST - Staff Report to the Secretary on Electricity Markets and Reliability TI - Staff Report to the Secretary on Electricity Markets and Reliability UR - https://energy.gov/staff-report-secretary-electricity-markets-and-reliability ID - 25444 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) PY - 2017 SP - 84 ST - U.S. Energy and Employment Report TI - U.S. Energy and Employment Report UR - https://www.energy.gov/downloads/2017-us-energy-and-employment-report ID - 26402 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DOE-EPSA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis (DOE-EPSA) PY - 2017 SP - 43 ST - Energy CO2 Emissions Impacts of Clean Energy Technology Innovation and Policy TI - Energy CO2 Emissions Impacts of Clean Energy Technology Innovation and Policy UR - https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Energy%20CO2%20Emissions%20Impacts%20of%20Clean%20Energy%20Technology%20Innovation%20and%20Policy.pdf ID - 25218 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Doherty, Meghan AU - Klima, Kelly AU - Hellmann, Jessica J. DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.09.001 KW - Urban adaptation Climate change PY - 2016 SN - 1462-9011 SP - 310-313 ST - Climate change in the urban environment: Advancing, measuring and achieving resiliency T2 - Environmental Science & Policy TI - Climate change in the urban environment: Advancing, measuring and achieving resiliency VL - 66 ID - 25609 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The impact of climate change between 2000 and 2095 SRES A2 climates on surface ozone (O)3 and on O3 source-receptor (S-R) relationships is quantified using three coupled climate-chemistry models (CCMs). The CCMs exhibit considerable variability in the spatial extent and location of surface O3 increases that occur within parts of high NOx emission source regions (up to 6 ppbv in the annual average and up to 14 ppbv in the season of maximum O3). In these source regions, all three CCMs show a positive relationship between surface O3 change and temperature change. Sensitivity simulations show that a combination of three individual chemical processes—(i) enhanced PAN decomposition, (ii) higher water vapor concentrations, and (iii) enhanced isoprene emission—largely reproduces the global spatial pattern of annual-mean surface O3 response due to climate change (R2 = 0.52). Changes in climate are found to exert a stronger control on the annual-mean surface O3 response through changes in climate-sensitive O3 chemistry than through changes in transport as evaluated from idealized CO-like tracer concentrations. All three CCMs exhibit a similar spatial pattern of annual-mean surface O3 change to 20% regional O3 precursor emission reductions under future climate compared to the same emission reductions applied under present-day climate. The surface O3 response to emission reductions is larger over the source region and smaller downwind in the future than under present-day conditions. All three CCMs show areas within Europe where regional emission reductions larger than 20% are required to compensate climate change impacts on annual-mean surface O3. AU - Doherty, R. M. AU - Wild, O. AU - Shindell, D. T. AU - Zeng, G. AU - MacKenzie, I. A. AU - Collins, W. J. AU - Fiore, A. M. AU - Stevenson, D. S. AU - Dentener, F. J. AU - Schultz, M. G. AU - Hess, P. AU - Derwent, R. G. AU - Keating, T. J. DO - 10.1002/jgrd.50266 IS - 9 PY - 2013 SP - 3744-3763 ST - Impacts of climate change on surface ozone and intercontinental ozone pollution: A multi-model study T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres TI - Impacts of climate change on surface ozone and intercontinental ozone pollution: A multi-model study VL - 118 ID - 25896 ER - TY - LEGAL AU - DOI PB - U.S. Department of Interior PY - 2008 SN - 522 DM 1 SP - 3 TI - Adaptive Management Implementation Policy UR - https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/elips/documents/Chapter%20%201_%20ADAPTIVE%20MANAGEMENT%20IMPLEMENTATION%20POLICY.doc ID - 26454 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dolan, David M. AU - Chapra, Steven C. DA - 2012/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.10.001 IS - 4 KW - Phosphorus Loadings Eutrophication Tributary Municipal Industrial PY - 2012 SN - 0380-1330 SP - 730-740 ST - Great Lakes total phosphorus revisited: 1. Loading analysis and update (1994–2008) T2 - Journal of Great Lakes Research TI - Great Lakes total phosphorus revisited: 1. Loading analysis and update (1994–2008) VL - 38 ID - 21143 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change will lead to significant changes of groundwater recharge and thus renewable groundwater resources. Using the global water resources and use model WaterGAP, the impact of climate change on groundwater recharge and the number of affected people was computed for four climate scenarios by two climate models. Vulnerability of humans to decreased groundwater resources depends on both the degree of decrease and the sensitivity of the human system to the decrease. For each grid cell, a sensitivity index composed of a water scarcity indicator, an indicator for dependence of water supply on groundwater and the Human Development Index was quantified. Combining per cent groundwater recharge decrease with the sensitivity index, global maps of vulnerability to the impact of decreased groundwater recharge in the 2050s were derived. In the A2 (B2) emissions scenario, 18.4–19.3% (16.1–18.1%) of the global population of 10.7 (9.1) billion would be affected by groundwater recharge decreases of at least 10%, and 4.8–5.7% (3.8–3.8%) of the global population would be in the two highest vulnerability classes. The highest vulnerabilities are found at the North African rim of the Mediterranean Sea, in southwestern Africa, in northeastern Brazil and in the central Andes, which are areas of moderate to high sensitivity. For most of the areas with high population density and high sensitivity, model results indicate that groundwater recharge is unlikely to decrease by more than 10% until the 2050s. However, a fifth to a third of the population may be affected by a groundwater recharge increase of more than 10%, with negative impacts in the case of shallow water tables. The spatial distribution of vulnerability, even at the continental scale, differs more strongly between the two climate models than between the two emissions scenarios. AU - Döll, Petra DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/4/3/035006 IS - 3 PY - 2009 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 035006 ST - Vulnerability to the impact of climate change on renewable groundwater resources: A global-scale assessment T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Vulnerability to the impact of climate change on renewable groundwater resources: A global-scale assessment VL - 4 ID - 21483 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Döll, P. AU - Jiménez-Cisneros, B. AU - Oki, T. AU - Arnell, N. W. AU - Benito, G. AU - Cogley, J. G. AU - Jiang, T. AU - Kundzewicz, Z. W. AU - Mwakalila, S. AU - Nishijima, A. DA - 2015/01/02 DO - 10.1080/02626667.2014.967250 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SN - 0262-6667 SP - 4-13 ST - Integrating risks of climate change into water management T2 - Hydrological Sciences Journal TI - Integrating risks of climate change into water management VL - 60 ID - 21482 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dombrowski, U. AU - Ernst, S. DA - 2014/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.procir.2014.06.012 KW - Factory Life Cycle Climate Change Global Warming Factory Planning Advanced Industrial Management PY - 2014 SN - 2212-8271 SP - 337-342 ST - Effects of climate change on factory life cycle T2 - Procedia CIRP TI - Effects of climate change on factory life cycle VL - 15 ID - 25763 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Cavallaro, N. A2 - Shrestha, G. A2 - Birdsey, R. A2 - Mayes, M. A2 - Najjar, R. A2 - Reed, S. A2 - Romero-Lankao, P. A2 - Zhu, Z. AU - Domke, G. AU - Williams, C.A. AU - Birdsey, R. AU - Coulston, J. AU - Finzi, A. AU - Gough, C. AU - Haight, B. AU - Hicke, J. AU - Janowiak, M. AU - de Jong, B. AU - Kurz, W. AU - Lucash, M. AU - Ogle, S. AU - Olguín-Álvarez, M. AU - Pan, Y. AU - Skutsch, M. AU - Smyth, C. AU - Swanston, C. AU - Templer, P. AU - Wear, D. AU - Woodall, C. C4 - dd5c61c8-bbb5-4701-8c45-861745e12043 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/SOCCR2.2018.Ch9 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 9 SP - xx-yy ST - Forests T2 - Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment Report TI - Forests ID - 26168 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Domke, G. M. AU - Perry, C. H. AU - Walters, B. F. AU - Nave, L. E. AU - Woodall, C. W. AU - Swanston, C. W. DO - 10.1002/eap.1516 IS - 4 KW - climate Forest Inventory and Analysis greenhouse gas inventory International Soil Carbon Network modeling national forest inventory PY - 2017 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 1223-1235 ST - Toward inventory-based estimates of soil organic carbon in forests of the United States T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Toward inventory-based estimates of soil organic carbon in forests of the United States VL - 27 ID - 22024 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Unusually hot summer conditions occurred during the 1930s over the central United States and undoubtedly contributed to the severity of the Dust Bowl drought. We investigate local and large-scale conditions in association with the extraordinary heat and drought events, making use of novel datasets of observed climate extremes and climate reanalysis covering the past century. We show that the unprecedented summer heat during the Dust Bowl years was likely exacerbated by land-surface feedbacks associated with springtime precipitation deficits. The reanalysis results indicate that these deficits were associated with the coincidence of anomalously warm North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific surface waters and a shift in atmospheric pressure patterns leading to reduced flow of moist air into the central US. Thus, the combination of springtime ocean temperatures and atmospheric flow anomalies, leading to reduced precipitation, also holds potential for enhanced predictability of summer heat events. The results suggest that hot drought, more severe than experienced during the most recent 2011 and 2012 heat waves, is to be expected when ocean temperature anomalies like those observed in the 1930s occur in a world that has seen significant mean warming. AU - Donat, Markus G. AU - King, Andrew D. AU - Overpeck, Jonathan T. AU - Alexander, Lisa V. AU - Durre, Imke AU - Karoly, David J. DO - 10.1007/s00382-015-2590-5 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 413-426 ST - Extraordinary heat during the 1930s US Dust Bowl and associated large-scale conditions T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Extraordinary heat during the 1930s US Dust Bowl and associated large-scale conditions VL - 46 ID - 20779 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Management of forest carbon (C) stocks is an increasingly prominent land-use issue. Knowledge of carbon storage in tropical forests is improving, but regional variations are still poorly understood, and this constrains forest management and conservation efforts associated with carbon valuation mechanisms (e.g., carbon markets). This deficiency is especially pronounced in tropical islands and low-lying coastal areas where climate change impacts are expected to be among the most severe. This study presents the first field estimate of island-wide carbon storage in ecosystems of Oceania, with special attention to the regional role of coastal mangroves, which occur on islands and coastal zones throughout the tropics. On two island groups of Micronesia (Yap and Palau), we sampled all above- and belowground C pools, including soil and vegetation, in 24 sites distributed evenly among the three major vegetation structural types: mangroves, upland forests, and open savannas (generally on degraded lands formerly forested). Total C stocks were estimated to be 3.9 and 15.2 Tg C on Yap and Palau, respectively. Mangroves contained by far the largest per-hectare C pools (830–1218 Mg C ha−1), with deep organic-rich soils alone storing more C (631–754 Mg C ha−1) than all pools combined in upland systems. Despite covering just 12–13% of land area, mangroves accounted for 24–34% of total island C stocks. Savannas (156–203 Mg C ha−1) contained significantly lower C stocks than upland forests (375–437 Mg C ha−1), suggesting that reforesting savannas where appropriate has high potential for carbon-based funding to aid restoration objectives. For mangroves, these results demonstrate the key role of these systems within the broader context of C storage in island and coastal landscapes. Sustainable management of mangrove forests and their large C stocks is of high importance at the regional scale, and climate change mitigation programs such as REDD+ could play a large role in avoiding deforestation of mangroves where this is a management objective. AU - Donato, D. C. AU - Kauffman, J. B. AU - Mackenzie, R. A. AU - Ainsworth, A. AU - Pfleeger, A. Z. DA - 2012/04/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.12.004 DP - ScienceDirect KW - Forest Deforestation Land use REDD+ Soil carbon PY - 2012 SN - 0301-4797 SP - 89-96 ST - Whole-island carbon stocks in the tropical Pacific: Implications for mangrove conservation and upland restoration T2 - Journal of Environmental Management TI - Whole-island carbon stocks in the tropical Pacific: Implications for mangrove conservation and upland restoration VL - 97 (Suppl. C) Y2 - 2017/09/23/02:48:36 ID - 22418 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Donato, Daniel C. AU - Kauffman, J. Boone AU - Murdiyarso, Daniel AU - Kurnianto, Sofyan AU - Stidham, Melanie AU - Kanninen, Markku DA - 04/03/online DO - 10.1038/ngeo1123 PY - 2011 SP - 293-297 ST - Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics VL - 4 ID - 24034 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Donatuto, Jamie AU - Campbell, Larry AU - Gregory, Robin DO - 10.3390/ijerph13090899 IS - 9 PY - 2016 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 899 ST - Developing responsive indicators of indigenous community health T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Developing responsive indicators of indigenous community health VL - 13 ID - 25347 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Donatuto, Jamie AU - Grossman, Eric E. AU - Konovsky, John AU - Grossman, Sarah AU - Campbell, Larry W. DO - 10.1080/08920753.2014.923140 IS - 4 N1 - Ch9 PY - 2014 SN - 0892-0753 1521-0421 SP - 355-373 ST - Indigenous community health and climate change: Integrating biophysical and social science indicators T2 - Coastal Management TI - Indigenous community health and climate change: Integrating biophysical and social science indicators VL - 42 ID - 17838 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Donatuto, Jamie L. AU - Satterfield, Terre A. AU - Gregory, Robin DO - 10.1080/13698575.2011.556186 IS - 2 N1 - Ch5,9 PY - 2011 SN - 1369-8575 1469-8331 SP - 103-127 ST - Poisoning the body to nourish the soul: Prioritising health risks and impacts in a Native American community T2 - Health, Risk & Society TI - Poisoning the body to nourish the soul: Prioritising health risks and impacts in a Native American community VL - 13 ID - 16487 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Doney, Scott AU - Rosenberg, Andrew A. AU - Alexander, Michael AU - Chavez, Francisco AU - Harvell, C. Drew AU - Hofmann, Gretchen AU - Orbach, Michael AU - Ruckelshaus, Mary C4 - 080d8278-2267-4892-a747-8e0c686628ce CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0RF5RZW PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 557-578 ST - Ch. 24: Oceans and marine resources T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 24: Oceans and marine resources UR - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/regions/oceans ID - 8668 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Doney, S.C. AU - Fabry, V.J. AU - Feely, R.A. AU - Kleypas, J.A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163834 IS - 1 PY - 2009 SN - 1941-1405, 1941-0611 SP - 169-192 ST - Ocean acidification: The other CO2 problem T2 - Annual Review of Marine Science TI - Ocean acidification: The other CO2 problem VL - 1 ID - 13174 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Doney, S.C. AU - Ruckelshaus, M. AU - Duffy, J.E. AU - Barry, J.P. AU - Chan, F. AU - English, C.A. AU - Galindo, H.M. AU - Grebmeier, J.M. AU - Hollowed, A.B. AU - Knowlton, N. AU - Polovina, J. AU - Rabalais, N.N. AU - Sydeman, W.J. AU - Talley, L.D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1146/annurev-marine-041911-111611 PY - 2012 SP - 11-37 ST - Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems T2 - Annual Review of Marine Science TI - Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems VL - 4 ID - 13175 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The distribution of New England salt marsh communities is intrinsically linked to the magnitude, frequency, and duration of tidal inundation. Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) exclusively inhabits the frequently flooded lower elevations, whereas a mosaic of marsh hay (Spartina patens), spike grass (Distichlis spicata), and black rush (Juncus gerardi) typically dominate higher elevations. Monitoring plant zonal boundaries in two New England salt marshes revealed that low-marsh cordgrass rapidly moved landward at the expense of higher-marsh species between 1995 and 1998. Plant macrofossils from sediment cores across modern plant community boundaries provided a 2,500-year record of marsh community composition and documented the migration of cordgrass into the high marsh. Isotopic dating revealed that the initiation of cordgrass migration occurred in the late 19th century and continued through the 20th century. The timing of the initiation of cordgrass migration is coincident with an acceleration in the rate of sea-level rise recorded by the New York tide gauge. These results suggest that increased flooding associated with accelerating rates of sea-level rise has stressed high-marsh communities and promoted landward migration of cordgrass. If current rates of sea-level rise continue or increase slightly over the next century, New England salt marshes will be dominated by cordgrass. If climate warming causes sea-level rise rates to increase significantly over the next century, these cordgrass-dominated marshes will likely drown, resulting in extensive losses of coastal wetlands. AU - Donnelly, Jeffrey P. AU - Bertness, Mark D. DA - December 4, 2001 DO - 10.1073/pnas.251209298 IS - 25 PY - 2001 SP - 14218-14223 ST - Rapid shoreward encroachment of salt marsh cordgrass in response to accelerated sea-level rise T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Rapid shoreward encroachment of salt marsh cordgrass in response to accelerated sea-level rise VL - 98 ID - 21842 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Episodes of mass coral bleaching around the world in recent decades have been attributed to periods of anomalously warm ocean temperatures. In 2005, the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the tropical North Atlantic that may have contributed to the strong hurricane season caused widespread coral bleaching in the Eastern Caribbean. Here, we use two global climate models to evaluate the contribution of natural climate variability and anthropogenic forcing to the thermal stress that caused the 2005 coral bleaching event. Historical temperature data and simulations for the 1870–2000 period show that the observed warming in the region is unlikely to be due to unforced climate variability alone. Simulation of background climate variability suggests that anthropogenic warming may have increased the probability of occurrence of significant thermal stress events for corals in this region by an order of magnitude. Under scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions, mass coral bleaching in the Eastern Caribbean may become a biannual event in 20–30 years. However, if corals and their symbionts can adapt by 1–1.5°C, such mass bleaching events may not begin to recur at potentially harmful intervals until the latter half of the century. The delay could enable more time to alter the path of greenhouse gas emissions, although long-term “committed warming” even after stabilization of atmospheric CO2 levels may still represent an additional long-term threat to corals. AU - Donner, Simon D. AU - Knutson, Thomas R. AU - Oppenheimer, Michael DO - 10.1073/pnas.0610122104 IS - 13 PY - 2007 SP - 5483-5488 ST - Model-based assessment of the role of human-induced climate change in the 2005 Caribbean coral bleaching event T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Model-based assessment of the role of human-induced climate change in the 2005 Caribbean coral bleaching event VL - 104 ID - 25055 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Donovan, Geoffrey H. DA - 2017/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ufug.2017.02.010 KW - Crime Energy conservation Green infrastructure Storm water PY - 2017 SN - 1618-8667 SP - 120-123 ST - Including public-health benefits of trees in urban-forestry decision making T2 - Urban Forestry & Urban Greening TI - Including public-health benefits of trees in urban-forestry decision making VL - 22 ID - 23196 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Donovan, Victoria M. AU - Wonkka, Carissa L. AU - Twidwell, Dirac DO - 10.1002/2017GL072901 IS - 12 KW - Great Plains biome fire season Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) wildfire pyrogeography fire regime 1630 Impacts of global change 1632 Land cover change 1817 Extreme events 4335 Disaster management 4316 Physical modeling PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 5986-5993 ST - Surging wildfire activity in a grassland biome T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Surging wildfire activity in a grassland biome VL - 44 ID - 23516 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Doppelt, Bob C4 - bf23355b-aa5e-48f6-916a-d2d32e46fe2b CY - New York PB - Greenleaf Publishing (Routledge/Taylor & Francis) PY - 2016 SN - 978-1783535286 SP - 368 ST - Transformational Resilience: How Building Human Resilience to Climate Disruption Can Safeguard Society and Increase Wellbeing TI - Transformational Resilience: How Building Human Resilience to Climate Disruption Can Safeguard Society and Increase Wellbeing ID - 24130 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Doran, Kara S. AU - Stockdon, Hilary F. AU - Sopkin, Kristin L. AU - Thompson, David M. AU - Plant, Nathaniel G. CY - Reston, VA NV - USGS Open-File Report 2013–1131 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2012 ST - National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Mid-Atlantic Coast TI - National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Mid-Atlantic Coast UR - https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1131/ ID - 21883 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Invasive species represent a significant threat to global biodiversity and a substantial economic burden. Burmese pythons, giant constricting snakes native to Asia, now are found throughout much of southern Florida, including all of Everglades National Park (ENP). Pythons have increased dramatically in both abundance and geographic range since 2000 and consume a wide variety of mammals and birds. Here we report severe apparent declines in mammal populations that coincide temporally and spatially with the proliferation of pythons in ENP. Before 2000, mammals were encountered frequently during nocturnal road surveys within ENP. In contrast, road surveys totaling 56,971 km from 2003–2011 documented a 99.3% decrease in the frequency of raccoon observations, decreases of 98.9% and 87.5% for opossum and bobcat observations, respectively, and failed to detect rabbits. Road surveys also revealed that these species are more common in areas where pythons have been discovered only recently and are most abundant outside the python's current introduced range. These findings suggest that predation by pythons has resulted in dramatic declines in mammals within ENP and that introduced apex predators, such as giant constrictors, can exert significant top-down pressure on prey populations. Severe declines in easily observed and/or common mammals, such as raccoons and bobcats, bode poorly for species of conservation concern, which often are more difficult to sample and occur at lower densities. AU - Dorcas, Michael E. AU - Willson, John D. AU - Reed, Robert N. AU - Snow, Ray W. AU - Rochford, Michael R. AU - Miller, Melissa A. AU - Meshaka, Walter E. AU - Andreadis, Paul T. AU - Mazzotti, Frank J. AU - Romagosa, Christina M. AU - Hart, Kristen M. DA - February 14, 2012 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1115226109 IS - 7 PY - 2012 SP - 2418-2422 ST - Severe mammal declines coincide with proliferation of invasive Burmese pythons in Everglades National Park T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Severe mammal declines coincide with proliferation of invasive Burmese pythons in Everglades National Park VL - 109 ID - 24309 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Larvacean (=appendicularian) and pteropod (Limacina helicina) composition and abundance were studied with physical variables each May and late summer across 11 years (2001–2011), along a transect that crosses the continental shelf of the sub-Arctic Gulf of Alaska (GoA) and five stations within Prince William Sound (PWS). Collection with 53-µm plankton nets allowed the identification of larvaceans to species: five occurred in the study area. Temperature was the driving variable in determining larvacean community composition, yielding pronounced differences between spring and late summer, while individual species were also affected differentially by salinity and chlorophyll-a concentration. During the spring Oikopleura labradoriensis and Fritillaria borealis were most abundant, being present at all stations. Late summer had highest abundances of Oikopleura dioica at nearshore stations, while F. borealis dominated numerically at outer stations. The 53-µm plankton nets collected higher abundances of Oikopleura spp., Fritillaria spp. and L. helicina than coarser 150- and 505-µm plankton nets. Limacina helicina abundance had a significant interaction effect among years, seasons and station location. Limacina helicina abundance in nearby PWS explained 30% of the variability in pink salmon survival; however, no significant correlations existed with larvacean or L. helicina abundances from the GoA stations. AU - Doubleday, Ayla J. AU - Hopcroft, Russell R. DO - 10.1093/plankt/fbu092 IS - 1 N1 - 10.1093/plankt/fbu092 PY - 2015 SN - 0142-7873 SP - 134-150 ST - Interannual patterns during spring and late summer of larvaceans and pteropods in the coastal Gulf of Alaska, and their relationship to pink salmon survival T2 - Journal of Plankton Research TI - Interannual patterns during spring and late summer of larvaceans and pteropods in the coastal Gulf of Alaska, and their relationship to pink salmon survival VL - 37 ID - 24671 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The climate change-induced expansion of mangroves into salt marshes could significantly alter the carbon (C) storage capacity of coastal wetlands, which have the highest average C storage per land area among unmanaged terrestrial ecosystems. Mangrove range expansion is occurring globally, but little is known about how these rapid climate-driven shifts may alter ecosystem C storage. Here, we quantify current C stocks in ecotonal wetlands across gradients of marsh- to mangrove-dominance, and use unique chronological maps of vegetation cover to estimate C stock changes from 2003 to 2010 in a 567-km2 wildlife refuge in the mangrove-salt marsh ecotone. We report that over the 7-yr. period, total wetland C stocks increased 22 % due to mangrove encroachment into salt marshes. Newly established mangrove stands stored twice as much C on a per area basis as salt marsh primarily due to differences in aboveground biomass, and mangrove cover increased by 69 % during this short time interval. Wetland C storage within the wildlife refuge increased at a rate of 2.7 Mg C ha−1 yr.−1, more than doubling the naturally high coastal wetland C sequestration rates. Mangrove expansion could account for a globally significant increase of terrestrial C storage, which may exert a considerable negative feedback on warming. AU - Doughty, Cheryl L. AU - Langley, J. Adam AU - Walker, Wayne S. AU - Feller, Ilka C. AU - Schaub, Ronald AU - Chapman, Samantha K. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s12237-015-9993-8 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1559-2731 SP - 385-396 ST - Mangrove range expansion rapidly increases coastal wetland carbon storage T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - Mangrove range expansion rapidly increases coastal wetland carbon storage VL - 39 ID - 24310 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Douglas, David C. C6 - NCA PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2010 SP - 32 ST - Arctic Sea Ice Decline: Projected Changes in Timing and Extent of Sea Ice in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1176 TI - Arctic Sea Ice Decline: Projected Changes in Timing and Extent of Sea Ice in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1176 UR - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1176 VL - 2010-1176 ID - 13189 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The vulnerability of our nation’s transportation infrastructure to climate change and extreme weather is now well documented and the transportation community has identified numerous strategies to potentially mitigate these vulnerabilities. The challenges to the infrastructure sector presented by climate change can only be met through collaboration between the climate science community, who evaluate what the future will likely look like, and the engineering community, who implement our societal response. To facilitate this process, the authors asked: what progress has been made and what needs to be done now in order to allow for the graceful convergence of these two disciplines? In late 2012, the Infrastructure and Climate Network (ICNet), a National Science Foundation–supported research collaboration network, was established to answer that question. This article presents examples of how the ICNet experience has shown the way toward a new generation of innovation and cross-disciplinary research, challenges that can be address by such collaboration, and specific guidance for partnerships and methods to effectively address complex questions requiring a cogeneration of knowledge. AU - Douglas, Ellen AU - Jacobs, Jennifer AU - Hayhoe, Katharine AU - Silka, Linda AU - Daniel, Jo AU - Collins, Mathias AU - Alipour, Alice AU - Anderson, Bruce AU - Hebson, Charles AU - Mecray, Ellen AU - Mallick, Rajib AU - Zou, Qingping AU - Kirshen, Paul AU - Miller, Heather AU - Kartez, Jack AU - Friess, Lee AU - Stoner, Anne AU - Bell, Erin AU - Schwartz, Charles AU - Thomas, Natacha AU - Miller, Steven AU - Eckstrom, Britt AU - Wake, Cameron DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000377 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SP - 04017018 ST - Progress and challenges in incorporating climate change information into transportation research and design T2 - Journal of Infrastructure Systems TI - Progress and challenges in incorporating climate change information into transportation research and design VL - 23 ID - 24311 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Douglas, Thomas A. AU - Jorgenson, M. T. AU - Brown, D. N. AU - Hiemstra, C. A. AU - Liljedahl, A. K. AU - Downer, C. AU - Pradhan, N. AU - Marchenko, S. AU - Campbell, S. AU - Senseman, G. AU - Olson, K. CY - Fort Wainwright PB - U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory PY - 2016 SN - SERDP Project RC-2110 SP - 179 ST - Addressing the Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Army Alaska: With Decision Support Tools Developed Through Field Work and Modeling TI - Addressing the Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Army Alaska: With Decision Support Tools Developed Through Field Work and Modeling UR - http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1030958.pdf ID - 25764 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Douglass, Scott L. AU - Webb, Bret M. AU - Kilgore, Roger CY - Washington, DC NV - FHWA-NHI-14-006 PB - Federal Highway Administration, Office of Bridge Technology PY - 2014 SP - 123 ST - Highways in the Coastal Environment: Assessing Extreme Events: Volume 2 (Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 25–Volume 2) TI - Highways in the Coastal Environment: Assessing Extreme Events: Volume 2 (Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 25–Volume 2) UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/hydraulics/library_arc.cfm?pub_number=192&id=158 ID - 24544 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Doyle, John T. AU - Redsteer, Margaret Hiza AU - Eggers, Margaret J. DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0799-z IS - 3 N1 - Ch9 PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009 1573-1480 SP - 643-655 ST - Exploring effects of climate change on Northern Plains American Indian health T2 - Climatic Change TI - Exploring effects of climate change on Northern Plains American Indian health VL - 120 ID - 17840 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Doyle, Thomas W. AU - Chivoiu, Bogdan AU - Enwright, Nicholas M. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/pp1815 NV - USGS Professional Paper 1815 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2015 SP - 76 ST - Sea-Level Rise Modeling Handbook: Resource Guide for Coastal Land Managers, Engineers, and Scientists TI - Sea-Level Rise Modeling Handbook: Resource Guide for Coastal Land Managers, Engineers, and Scientists ID - 24428 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Ning, Zhu H. A2 - Turner, R. Eugene A2 - Doyle, Thomas A2 - Abdollahi, Karman K. AU - Doyle, Thomas W. AU - Girod, Garrett F. AU - Books, Mark A. C4 - 36ca022b-b59b-405a-a575-f21196e2bfe1 CY - Baton Rouge, LA PB - Gulf Coast Climate Change Assessment Council (GCRCC) and Louisiana State University (LSU) Graphic Services PY - 2003 SE - 12 SN - 1-930129-01-7 SP - 211-222 ST - Modeling mangrove forest migration along the southwest coast of Florida under climate change T2 - Integrated Assessment of the Climate Change Impacts on the Gulf Coast Region TI - Modeling mangrove forest migration along the southwest coast of Florida under climate change UR - http://www.climateimpacts.org/us-climate-assess-2000/regions/gulf-coast/gulfcoast-chapter12.pdf ID - 24429 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Doyle, T.W. AU - Krauss, K.W. AU - Conner, W.H. AU - From, A.S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.023 IS - 4 PY - 2010 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 770-777 ST - Predicting the retreat and migration of tidal forests along the northern Gulf of Mexico under sea-level rise T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Predicting the retreat and migration of tidal forests along the northern Gulf of Mexico under sea-level rise VL - 259 ID - 13196 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Doyle, Thomas W. AU - Smith, Thomas J., III AU - Robblee, Michael B. PY - 1995 SP - 159-168 ST - Wind damage effects of Hurricane Andrew on mangrove communities along the southwest coast of Florida, USA T2 - Journal of Coastal Research TI - Wind damage effects of Hurricane Andrew on mangrove communities along the southwest coast of Florida, USA UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/25736006 VL - SI 21 ID - 24312 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tidal salt marshes provide important ecological services, habitat, disturbance regulation, water quality improvement, and biodiversity, as well as accumulation and sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in vegetation and soil organic matter. Different management practices may alter their capacity to provide these ecosystem services. We examined soil properties (bulk density, percent organic C, percent N), C and N pools, C sequestration and N accumulation at four marshes managed with open marsh water management (OMWM) and four marshes that were not at U.S. Fish and Wildlife National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) on the East Coast of the United States. Soil properties (bulk density, percent organic C, percent N) exhibited no consistent differences among managed and non-OMWM marshes. Soil organic carbon pools (0–60-cm depth) also did not differ. Managed marshes contained 15.9 kg C/m2 compared to 16.2 kg C/m2 in non-OMWM marshes. Proportionately, more C (per unit volume) was stored in surface than in subsurface soils. The rate of C sequestration, based on 137Cs and 210Pb dating of soil cores, ranged from 41 to 152 g/m2/year. Because of the low emissions of CH4 from salt marshes relative to freshwater wetlands and the ability to sequester C in soil, protection and restoration of salt marshes can be a vital tool for delivering key ecosystem services, while at the same time, reducing the C footprint associated with managing these wetlands. AU - Drake, Katherine AU - Halifax, Holly AU - Adamowicz, Susan C. AU - Craft, Christopher DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s00267-015-0568-z IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1432-1009 SP - 998-1008 ST - Carbon sequestration in tidal salt marshes of the northeast United States T2 - Environmental Management TI - Carbon sequestration in tidal salt marshes of the northeast United States VL - 56 ID - 21841 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Drayna, Patrick AU - McLellan, Sandra L. AU - Simpson, Pippa AU - Li, Shun-Hwa AU - Gorelick, Marc H. DO - 10.1289/ehp.0901671 IS - 10 PY - 2010 SN - 0091-6765 SP - 1439-1443 ST - Association between rainfall and pediatric emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal illness T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Association between rainfall and pediatric emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal illness VL - 118 ID - 16488 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dreessen, Joel AU - Sullivan, John AU - Delgado, Ruben DA - 2016/09/01 DO - 10.1080/10962247.2016.1161674 IS - 9 PY - 2016 SN - 1096-2247 SP - 842-862 ST - Observations and impacts of transported Canadian wildfire smoke on ozone and aerosol air quality in the Maryland region on June 9–12, 2015 T2 - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association TI - Observations and impacts of transported Canadian wildfire smoke on ozone and aerosol air quality in the Maryland region on June 9–12, 2015 VL - 66 ID - 24266 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Driscoll, David L. AU - Mitchell, Erica AU - Barker, Rebecca AU - Johnston, Janet M. AU - Renes, Sue DA - 2016// DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1687-0 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 455-466 ST - Assessing the health effects of climate change in Alaska with community-based surveillance T2 - Climatic Change TI - Assessing the health effects of climate change in Alaska with community-based surveillance VL - 137 ID - 22192 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DRNA CY - San Juan, PR PB - Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambientales (DRNA), División Monitoreo del Plan de Aguas PY - 2016 SP - 89 ST - Informe sobre la Sequía de 2014-2016 en Puerto Rico TI - Informe sobre la Sequía de 2014-2016 en Puerto Rico UR - http://drna.pr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Informe-Sequia-2014-2016.compressed.pdf ID - 25078 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DRNA CY - San Juan, PR NV - CEE-SA-16-11450 PB - Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambientales (DRNA), División Monitoreo del Plan de Aguas PY - 2016 SP - [various] ST - Plan Integral de Recursos de Agua de Puerto Rico, 2016: Políticas, Proyectos, Objetivos TI - Plan Integral de Recursos de Agua de Puerto Rico, 2016: Políticas, Proyectos, Objetivos UR - http://drna.pr.gov/documentos/plan-integral-de-recursos-de-agua-de-puerto-rico-revision-junio-2016/ ID - 25079 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Druckenmiller, Matthew L. AU - Eicken, Hajo AU - George, J. C. “Craig” AU - Brower, Lewis DA - 2013/03/01 DO - 10.1080/1088937X.2012.724459 IS - 1-2 PY - 2013 SN - 1088-937X SP - 5-29 ST - Trails to the whale: Reflections of change and choice on an Iñupiat icescape at Barrow, Alaska T2 - Polar Geography TI - Trails to the whale: Reflections of change and choice on an Iñupiat icescape at Barrow, Alaska VL - 36 ID - 25827 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Drummond, Mark A. PY - 2007 SN - 1052-5165 SP - 133-144 ST - Regional dynamics of grassland change in the western Great Plains T2 - Great Plains Research TI - Regional dynamics of grassland change in the western Great Plains UR - http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/900 VL - 17 ID - 22577 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Drummond, Mark A. AU - Auch, Roger F. AU - Karstensen, Krista A. AU - Sayler, Kristi L. AU - Taylor, Janis L. AU - Loveland, Thomas R. DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.11.007 IS - 3 PY - 2012 SN - 0264-8377 SP - 710-723 ST - Land change variability and human–environment dynamics in the United States Great Plains T2 - Land Use Policy TI - Land change variability and human–environment dynamics in the United States Great Plains VL - 29 ID - 22578 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Drummond, Mark A. AU - Loveland, Thomas R. DA - 2010/04/01 DO - 10.1525/bio.2010.60.4.7 IS - 4 PY - 2010 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 286-298 ST - Land-use pressure and a transition to forest-cover loss in the eastern United States T2 - BioScience TI - Land-use pressure and a transition to forest-cover loss in the eastern United States VL - 60 Y2 - 2018/01/12 ID - 24313 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dryden, Rachel AU - Morgan, M. Granger AU - Bostrom, Ann AU - Bruine de Bruin, Wändi DO - 10.1111/risa.12856 IS - 3 KW - Air pollution atmospheric residence time carbon dioxide PY - 2017 SN - 1539-6924 SP - 525-534 ST - Public perceptions of how long air pollution and carbon dioxide remain in the atmosphere T2 - Risk Analysis TI - Public perceptions of how long air pollution and carbon dioxide remain in the atmosphere VL - 38 ID - 24186 ER - TY - WEB AU - DSIRE CY - Raleigh, NC PB - NC State University, NC Clean Energy Technology Center PY - 2017 ST - Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (DSIRE) [online tool] TI - Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (DSIRE) [online tool] UR - http://www.dsireusa.org/ ID - 24510 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Du, Jiabi AU - Shen, Jian AU - Park, Kyeong AU - Wang, Ya Ping AU - Yu, Xin DA - 2018/07/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.265 KW - Chesapeake Bay Hypoxia Physical control Temperature Vertical exchange Climate PY - 2018 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 707-717 ST - Worsened physical condition due to climate change contributes to the increasing hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Worsened physical condition due to climate change contributes to the increasing hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay VL - 630 ID - 25575 ER - TY - JOUR AB - How do income shocks affect armed conflict? Theory suggests two opposite effects. If labour is used to appropriate resources violently, higher wages may lower conflict by reducing labour supplied to appropriation. This is the opportunity cost effect. Alternatively, a rise in contestable income may increase violence by raising gains from appropriation. This is the rapacity effect. Our article exploits exogenous price shocks in international commodity markets and a rich dataset on civil war in Colombia to assess how different income shocks affect conflict. We examine changes in the price of agricultural goods (which are labour intensive) as well as natural resources (which are not). We focus on Colombia's two largest exports, coffee and oil. We find that a sharp fall in coffee prices during the 1990s lowered wages and increased violence differentially in municipalities cultivating more coffee. This is consistent with the coffee shock inducing an opportunity cost effect. In contrast, a rise in oil prices increased both municipal revenue and violence differentially in the oil region. This is consistent with the oil shock inducing a rapacity effect. We also show that this pattern holds in six other agricultural and natural resource sectors, providing evidence that price shocks affect conflict in different directions depending on the type of the commodity. AU - Dube, Oeindrila AU - Vargas, Juan F. DO - 10.1093/restud/rdt009 IS - 4 N1 - 10.1093/restud/rdt009 PY - 2013 SN - 0034-6527 SP - 1384-1421 ST - Commodity price shocks and civil conflict: Evidence from Colombia T2 - The Review of Economic Studies TI - Commodity price shocks and civil conflict: Evidence from Colombia VL - 80 ID - 22080 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objective To provide a richer understanding of food access and purchasing practices among US urban food desert residents and their association with diet and BMI. Design Data on food purchasing practices, dietary intake, height and weight from the primary food shopper in randomly selected households (n 1372) were collected. Audits of all neighbourhood food stores (n 24) and the most-frequented stores outside the neighbourhood (n 16) were conducted. Aspects of food access and purchasing practices and relationships among them were examined and tests of their associations with dietary quality and BMI were conducted. Setting Two low-income, predominantly African-American neighbourhoods with limited access to healthy food in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Subjects Household food shoppers. Results Only one neighbourhood outlet sold fresh produce; nearly all respondents did major food shopping outside the neighbourhood. Although the nearest full-service supermarket was an average of 2·6 km from their home, respondents shopped an average of 6·0 km from home. The average trip was by car, took approximately 2 h for the round trip, and occurred two to four times per month. Respondents spent approximately $US 37 per person per week on food. Those who made longer trips had access to cars, shopped less often and spent less money per person. Those who travelled further when they shopped had higher BMI, but most residents already shopped where healthy foods were available, and physical distance from full-service supermarkets was unrelated to weight or dietary quality. Conclusions Improved access to healthy foods is the target of current policies meant to improve health. However, distance to the closest supermarket might not be as important as previously thought, and thus policy and interventions that focus merely on improving access may not be effective. AU - Dubowitz, Tamara AU - Zenk, Shannon N. AU - Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie AU - Cohen, Deborah A. AU - Beckman, Robin AU - Hunter, Gerald AU - Steiner, Elizabeth D. AU - Collins, Rebecca L. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1368980014002742 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 12/05 IS - 12 KW - Food desert Food purchasing practices Dietary quality BMI PY - 2015 SN - 1368-9800 SP - 2220-2230 ST - Healthy food access for urban food desert residents: Examination of the food environment, food purchasing practices, diet and BMI T2 - Public Health Nutrition TI - Healthy food access for urban food desert residents: Examination of the food environment, food purchasing practices, diet and BMI VL - 18 ID - 23017 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sugar maple syrup production is an important economic activity for eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. Since annual variations in syrup yield have been related to climate, there are concerns about the impacts of climatic change on the industry in the upcoming decades. Although the temporal variability of syrup yield has been studied for specific sites on different time scales or for large regions, a model capable of accounting for both temporal and regional differences in yield is still lacking. In the present study, we studied the factors responsible for interregional and interannual variability in maple syrup yield over the 2001–2012 period, by combining the data from 8 Quebec regions (Canada) and 10 U.S. states. The resulting model explained 44.5% of the variability in yield. It includes the effect of climatic conditions that precede the sapflow season (variables from the previous growing season and winter), the effect of climatic conditions during the current sapflow season, and terms accounting for intercountry and temporal variability. Optimal conditions for maple syrup production appear to be spatially restricted by less favourable climate conditions occurring during the growing season in the north, and in the south, by the warmer winter and earlier spring conditions. This suggests that climate change may favor maple syrup production northwards, while southern regions are more likely to be negatively affected by adverse spring conditions. AU - Duchesne, Louis AU - Houle, Daniel DA - 2014/06/10 DO - 10.7717/peerj.428 KW - Maple syrup Sugar maple Climate Cold hardiness Acer saccharum Freeze–thaw events Yield statistics PY - 2014 SN - 2167-8359 SP - e428 ST - Interannual and spatial variability of maple syrup yield as related to climatic factors T2 - PeerJ TI - Interannual and spatial variability of maple syrup yield as related to climatic factors VL - 2 ID - 21839 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Ducks Unlimited CY - Ann Arbor, MI PB - Ducks Unlimited Great Lakes/Atlantic Region PY - 2016 SP - 2 ST - Missouri State Conservation Report TI - Missouri State Conservation Report UR - http://www.ducks.org/missouri/missouri-conservation-projects ID - 21301 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dudley, R. W. AU - Hodgkins, G. A. AU - McHale, M. R. AU - Kolian, M. J. AU - Renard, B. DA - 4// DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.01.051 KW - Snowmelt Streamflow Trends Climate Hydrology PY - 2017 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 208-221 ST - Trends in snowmelt-related streamflow timing in the conterminous United States T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Trends in snowmelt-related streamflow timing in the conterminous United States VL - 547 ID - 21484 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Duehl, Adrian J. AU - Koch, Frank H. AU - Hain, Fred P. DA - 2011/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.032 IS - 3 KW - Classification and Regression Tree Insect infestation Logistic regression PY - 2011 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 473-479 ST - Southern pine beetle regional outbreaks modeled on landscape, climate and infestation history T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Southern pine beetle regional outbreaks modeled on landscape, climate and infestation history VL - 261 ID - 24314 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Duffy, J. Emmett AU - Godwin, Casey M. AU - Cardinale, Bradley J. DA - 09/06/online DO - 10.1038/nature23886 PY - 2017 SP - 261-264 ST - Biodiversity effects in the wild are common and as strong as key drivers of productivity T2 - Nature TI - Biodiversity effects in the wild are common and as strong as key drivers of productivity VL - 549 ID - 25733 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study records and documents the most severe and notable instance ever reported of sudden and widespread dieback of mangrove vegetation. Between late 2015 and early 2016, extensive areas of mangrove tidal wetland vegetation died back along 1000 km of the shoreline of Australia’s remote Gulf of Carpentaria. The cause is not fully explained, but the timing was coincident with an extreme weather event; notably one of high temperatures and low precipitation lacking storm winds. The dieback was severe and widespread, affecting more than 7400 ha or 6% of mangrove vegetation in the affected area from Roper River estuary in the Northern Territory, east to Karumba in Queensland. At the time, there was an unusually lengthy period of severe drought conditions, unprecedented high temperatures and a temporary drop in sea level. Although consequential moisture stress appears to have contributed to the cause, this occurrence was further coincidental with heat-stressed coral bleaching. This article describes the effect and diagnostic features of this severe dieback event in the Gulf, and considers potential causal factors. AU - Duke, Norman C. AU - Kovacs, John M. AU - Griffiths, Anthony D. AU - Preece, Luke AU - Hill, Duncan J. E. AU - van Oosterzee, Penny AU - Mackenzie, Jock AU - Morning, Hailey S. AU - Burrows, Damien DO - 10.1071/MF16322 IS - 10 KW - mangrove forests, plant–climate interactions, tidal wetlands. PY - 2017 SP - 1816-1829 ST - Large-scale dieback of mangroves in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria: A severe ecosystem response, coincidental with an unusually extreme weather event T2 - Marine & Freshwater Research TI - Large-scale dieback of mangroves in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria: A severe ecosystem response, coincidental with an unusually extreme weather event VL - 68 ID - 24282 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dulvy, N.K. AU - Rogers, S.I. AU - Jennings, S. AU - Stelzenmüller, V. AU - Dye, S.R. AU - Skjoldal, H.R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01488.x IS - 4 PY - 2008 SN - 1365-2664 SP - 1029-1039 ST - Climate change and deepening of the North Sea fish assemblage: A biotic indicator of warming seas T2 - Journal of Applied Ecology TI - Climate change and deepening of the North Sea fish assemblage: A biotic indicator of warming seas VL - 45 ID - 13205 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dunckel, Kathleen AU - Weiskittel, Aaron AU - Fiske, Greg DO - 10.3390/f8080285 IS - 8 PY - 2017 SN - 1999-4907 SP - 285 ST - Projected future distribution of Tsuga canadensis across alternative climate scenarios in Maine, U.S T2 - Forests TI - Projected future distribution of Tsuga canadensis across alternative climate scenarios in Maine, U.S VL - 8 ID - 22001 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dunn-Cavelty, Myriam AU - Suter, Manuel DA - 2009/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ijcip.2009.08.006 IS - 4 KW - Critical infrastructure protection Public–Private Partnerships Governance theory Meta-governance PY - 2009 SN - 1874-5482 SP - 179-187 ST - Public–Private Partnerships are no silver bullet: An expanded governance model for Critical Infrastructure Protection T2 - International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection TI - Public–Private Partnerships are no silver bullet: An expanded governance model for Critical Infrastructure Protection VL - 2 ID - 21446 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dunne, John P. AU - Stouffer, Ronald J. AU - John, Jasmin G. DO - 10.1038/nclimate1827 PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X 1758-6798 SP - 563-566 ST - Reductions in labour capacity from heat stress under climate warming T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Reductions in labour capacity from heat stress under climate warming VL - 3 ID - 18846 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dunnell, K. L. AU - Travers, S. E. C6 - NCA DA - Jun DO - 10.3732/ajb.1000363 IS - 6 KW - climate change; flowering; Minnesota; North Dakota; phenology; prairie; climate-change; spring phenology; plant phenology; eastern china; global; change; abundance; frost; responses; impacts; time PY - 2011 SN - 0002-9122 SP - 935-945 ST - Shifts in the flowering phenology of the Northern Great Plains: Patterns over 100 years T2 - American Journal of Botany TI - Shifts in the flowering phenology of the Northern Great Plains: Patterns over 100 years VL - 98 ID - 13206 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dupigny-Giroux, Lesley-Ann DO - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb05489.x IS - 3 KW - drought mitigation drought indices climatology agriculture water resources Vermont PY - 2001 SN - 1752-1688 SP - 505-525 ST - Towards characterizing and planning for drought in vermont-part I: A climatological perspective T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - Towards characterizing and planning for drought in vermont-part I: A climatological perspective VL - 37 ID - 21840 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Dupigny-Giroux, L.A. AU - Mecray, E.L. AU - Lemcke-Stampone, M.D. AU - Hodgkins, G.A. AU - Lentz, E.E. AU - Mills, K.E. AU - Lane, E.D. AU - Miller, R. AU - Hollinger, D.Y. AU - Solecki, W.D. AU - Wellenius, G.A. AU - Sheffield, P.E. AU - MacDonald, A.B. AU - Caldwell, C. C4 - 88159e54-d513-45a4-bf3e-c83aa04367d1 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH18 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 18 SP - xxx ST - Northeast T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Northeast ID - 26652 ER - TY - WEB AU - DuPont, Dale K. PB - WorkBoat.com PY - 2013 ST - High water closes river near St. Louis TI - High water closes river near St. Louis UR - https://www.workboat.com/archive/high-water-closes-river-near-st-louis/ ID - 21318 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dupont, Sam AU - Hall, Emilie AU - Calosi, Piero AU - Lundve, Bengt DA - 2014/11/01 DO - 10.2983/035.033.0320 IS - 3 PY - 2014 SN - 0730-8000 SP - 857-861 ST - First evidence of altered sensory quality in a shellfish exposed to decreased pH relevant to ocean acidification T2 - Journal of Shellfish Research TI - First evidence of altered sensory quality in a shellfish exposed to decreased pH relevant to ocean acidification VL - 33 Y2 - 2017/10/20 ID - 22339 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Durden, Lance A. AU - Beckmen, Kimberlee B. AU - Gerlach, Robert F. DO - 10.1093/jme/tjw128 IS - 6 PY - 2016 SN - 0022-2858 SP - 1391-1395 ST - New records of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from dogs, cats, humans, and some wild vertebrates in Alaska: Invasion potential T2 - Journal of Medical Entomology TI - New records of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from dogs, cats, humans, and some wild vertebrates in Alaska: Invasion potential VL - 53 ID - 22193 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Durkalec, Agata AU - Furgal, Chris AU - Skinner, Mark W. AU - Sheldon, Tom DA - 2015/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.026 KW - Canada Inuit health Indigenous health Environment Place Sea ice Climate change Environmental dispossession PY - 2015 SN - 0277-9536 SP - 17-26 ST - Climate change influences on environment as a determinant of Indigenous health: Relationships to place, sea ice, and health in an Inuit community T2 - Social Science & Medicine TI - Climate change influences on environment as a determinant of Indigenous health: Relationships to place, sea ice, and health in an Inuit community VL - 136-137 ID - 24711 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dutkiewicz, Stephanie AU - Morris, J. Jeffrey AU - Follows, Michael J. AU - Scott, Jeffery AU - Levitan, Orly AU - Dyhrman, Sonya T. AU - Berman-Frank, Ilana DA - 07/20/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2722 PY - 2015 SP - 1002-1006 ST - Impact of ocean acidification on the structure of future phytoplankton communities T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Impact of ocean acidification on the structure of future phytoplankton communities VL - 5 ID - 24834 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We know that the sea level will rise as climate warms. Nevertheless, accurate projections of how much sea-level rise will occur are difficult to make based solely on modern observations. Determining how ice sheets and sea level have varied in past warm periods can help us better understand how sensitive ice sheets are to higher temperatures. Dutton et al. review recent interdisciplinary progress in understanding this issue, based on data from four different warm intervals over the past 3 million years. Their synthesis provides a clear picture of the progress we have made and the hurdles that still exist.Science, this issue 10.1126/science.aaa4019BACKGROUNDAlthough thermal expansion of seawater and melting of mountain glaciers have dominated global mean sea level (GMSL) rise over the last century, mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets is expected to exceed other contributions to GMSL rise under future warming. To better constrain polar ice-sheet response to warmer temperatures, we draw on evidence from interglacial periods in the geologic record that experienced warmer polar temperatures and higher GMSLs than present. Coastal records of sea level from these previous warm periods demonstrate geographic variability because of the influence of several geophysical processes that operate across a range of magnitudes and time scales. Inferring GMSL and ice-volume changes from these reconstructions is nontrivial and generally requires the use of geophysical models.ADVANCESInterdisciplinary studies of geologic archives have ushered in a new era of deciphering magnitudes, rates, and sources of sea-level rise. Advances in our understanding of polar ice-sheet response to warmer climates have been made through an increase in the number and geographic distribution of sea-level reconstructions, better ice-sheet constraints, and the recognition that several geophysical processes cause spatially complex patterns in sea level. In particular, accounting for glacial isostatic processes helps to decipher spatial variability in coastal sea-level records and has reconciled a number of site-specific sea-level reconstructions for warm periods that have occurred within the past several hundred thousand years. This enables us to infer that during recent interglacial periods, small increases in global mean temperature and just a few degrees of polar warming relative to the preindustrial period resulted in ≥6 m of GMSL rise. Mantle-driven dynamic topography introduces large uncertainties on longer time scales, affecting reconstructions for time periods such as the Pliocene (~3 million years ago), when atmospheric CO2 was ~400 parts per million (ppm), similar to that of the present. Both modeling and field evidence suggest that polar ice sheets were smaller during this time period, but because dynamic topography can cause tens of meters of vertical displacement at Earth’s surface on million-year time scales and uncertainty in model predictions of this signal are large, it is currently not possible to make a precise estimate of peak GMSL during the Pliocene.OUTLOOKOur present climate is warming to a level associated with significant polar ice-sheet loss in the past, but a number of challenges remain to further constrain ice-sheet sensitivity to climate change using paleo–sea level records. Improving our understanding of rates of GMSL rise due to polar ice-mass loss is perhaps the most societally relevant information the paleorecord can provide, yet robust estimates of rates of GMSL rise associated with polar ice-sheet retreat and/or collapse remain a weakness in existing sea-level reconstructions. Improving existing magnitudes, rates, and sources of GMSL rise will require a better (global) distribution of sea-level reconstructions with high temporal resolution and precise elevations and should include sites close to present and former ice sheets. Translating such sea-level data into a robust GMSL signal demands integration with geophysical models, which in turn can be tested through improved spatial and temporal sampling of co stal records.Further development is needed to refine estimates of past sea level from geochemical proxies. In particular, paired oxygen isotope and Mg/Ca data are currently unable to provide confident, quantitative estimates of peak sea level during these past warm periods. In some GMSL reconstructions, polar ice-sheet retreat is inferred from the total GMSL budget, but identifying the specific ice-sheet sources is currently hindered by limited field evidence at high latitudes. Given the paucity of such data, emerging geochemical and geophysical techniques show promise for identifying the sectors of the ice sheets that were most vulnerable to collapse in the past and perhaps will be again in the future.Peak global mean temperature, atmospheric CO2, maximum global mean sea level (GMSL), and source(s) of meltwater.Light blue shading indicates uncertainty of GMSL maximum. Red pie charts over Greenland and Antarctica denote fraction (not location) of ice retreat.Interdisciplinary studies of geologic archives have ushered in a new era of deciphering magnitudes, rates, and sources of sea-level rise from polar ice-sheet loss during past warm periods. Accounting for glacial isostatic processes helps to reconcile spatial variability in peak sea level during marine isotope stages 5e and 11, when the global mean reached 6 to 9 meters and 6 to 13 meters higher than present, respectively. Dynamic topography introduces large uncertainties on longer time scales, precluding robust sea-level estimates for intervals such as the Pliocene. Present climate is warming to a level associated with significant polar ice-sheet loss in the past. Here, we outline advances and challenges involved in constraining ice-sheet sensitivity to climate change with use of paleo–sea level records.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/349/6244/aaa4019.full.pdf AU - Dutton, A. AU - Carlson, A. E. AU - Long, A. J. AU - Milne, G. A. AU - Clark, P. U. AU - DeConto, R. AU - Horton, B. P. AU - Rahmstorf, S. AU - Raymo, M. E. DO - 10.1126/science.aaa4019 IS - 6244 PY - 2015 SP - aaa4019 ST - Sea-level rise due to polar ice-sheet mass loss during past warm periods T2 - Science TI - Sea-level rise due to polar ice-sheet mass loss during past warm periods VL - 349 ID - 19919 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Duveneck, Matthew J. AU - Scheller, Robert M. AU - White, Mark A. AU - Handler, Stephen D. AU - Ravenscroft, Catherine C7 - art23 DO - 10.1890/ES13-00370.1 IS - 2 KW - biodiversity climate change forest management forest simulation model LANDIS-II Michigan, USA Minnesota, USA PY - 2014 SN - 2150-8925 SP - 1-26 ST - Climate change effects on northern Great Lake (USA) forests: A case for preserving diversity T2 - Ecosphere TI - Climate change effects on northern Great Lake (USA) forests: A case for preserving diversity VL - 5 ID - 21225 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Dzaugis, M. AU - Avery, C.W. AU - Crimmins, A. AU - Dahlman, L. AU - Easterling, D.R. AU - Gaal, R. AU - Greenhalgh, E. AU - Herring, D. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - Lindsey, R. AU - Maycock, T.K. AU - Molar, R. AU - Reidmiller, D.R. AU - Stewart, B.C. AU - Vose, R.S. C4 - dbacd366-df3b-49e5-a3cf-72b53fd49ac9 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.AP5 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 34 SP - xxx ST - Frequently Asked Questions T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Frequently Asked Questions ID - 26671 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eakin, C. Mark AU - Liu, Gang AU - Gomez, Andrea M. AU - De La Cour, Jacqueline L. AU - Heron, Scott F. AU - Skirving, William J. AU - Geiger, Erick F. AU - Tirak, Kyle V. AU - Strong, Alan E. DA - 2016/04// IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 20-26 ST - Global coral bleaching 2014-2017: Status and an appeal for observations T2 - Reef Encounter TI - Global coral bleaching 2014-2017: Status and an appeal for observations UR - http://coralreefs.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Reef-Encounter-43-April-2016-HR.pdf VL - 31 ID - 22420 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eakin, C.M. AU - Morgan, J.A. AU - Heron, S.F. AU - Smith, T.B. AU - Liu, G. AU - Alvarez-Filip, L. AU - Baca, B. AU - Bartels, E. AU - Bastidas, C. AU - Bouchon, C. AU - Brandt, M. AU - Bruckner, A.W. AU - Bunkley-WIlliams, L. AU - Cameron, A. AU - Causey, B.D. AU - Chiappone, M. AU - Christensen, T.R.L. AU - Crabbe, M.J.C. AU - Day, O. AU - de la Guardia, E. AU - Díaz-Pulido, G. AU - Di Resta, D. AU - Gil-Agudelo, D.L. AU - Gilliam, D.S. AU - Ginsburg, R.N. AU - Gore, S. AU - Guzmán, H.M. AU - Hendee, J.C. AU - Hernández-Delgado, E.A. AU - Husain, E. AU - Jeffrey, C.F.G. AU - Jones, R.J. AU - Jordán-Dahlgren, E. AU - Kaufman, L.S. AU - Kline, D.I. AU - Kramer, P.A. AU - Lang, J.C. AU - Lirman, D. AU - Mallela, J. AU - Manfrino, C. AU - Maréchal, J.-P. AU - Marks, K. AU - Mihaly, J. AU - Miller, W.J. AU - Mueller, E.M. AU - Muller, E.M. AU - Orozco Toro, C.A. AU - Oxenford, H.A. AU - Ponce-Taylor, D. AU - Quinn, N. AU - Ritchie, K.B. AU - Rodríguez, S. AU - Rodríguez Ramírez, A. AU - Romano, S. AU - Samhouri, J.F. AU - Sánchez, J.A. AU - Schmahl, G.P. AU - Shank, B.V. AU - Skirving, W.J. AU - Steiner, S.C.C. AU - Villamizar, E. AU - Walsh, S.M. AU - Walter, C. AU - Weil, E. AU - Williams, E.H. AU - Roberson, K.W. AU - Y., Yusuf C6 - NCA DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0013969 IS - 11 PY - 2010 SN - 1932-6203 SP - e13969 ST - Caribbean corals in crisis: Record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005 T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Caribbean corals in crisis: Record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005 VL - 5 ID - 13212 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Earle, Anton AU - Cascao, Ana Elisa AU - Hansson, Stina AU - Jägerskog, Anders AU - Swain, Ashok AU - Öjendal, Joakim C4 - 4076aafa-dc86-48e0-a99b-447efdc9b750 CY - London; New York PB - Routledge PY - 2015 SE - 188 SN - 9780415629751 ST - Transboundary Water Management and the Climate Change Debate TI - Transboundary Water Management and the Climate Change Debate ID - 22096 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Earle, Lynda PB - National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health PY - 2011 ST - Traditional Aboringinal Diets and Health TI - Traditional Aboringinal Diets and Health UR - http://www.nccah-ccnsa.ca/Publications/Lists/Publications/Attachments/44/diets_health_web.pdf ID - 18247 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Early, Regan AU - Bradley, Bethany A. AU - Dukes, Jeffrey S. AU - Lawler, Joshua J. AU - Olden, Julian D. AU - Blumenthal, Dana M. AU - Gonzalez, Patrick AU - Grosholz, Edwin D. AU - Ibañez, Ines AU - Miller, Luke P. AU - Sorte, Cascade J. B. AU - Tatem, Andrew J. DA - 08/23/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms12485 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 12485 ST - Global threats from invasive alien species in the twenty-first century and national response capacities T2 - Nature Communications TI - Global threats from invasive alien species in the twenty-first century and national response capacities VL - 7 ID - 25732 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forecasts of species endangerment under climate change usually ignore the processes by which species ranges shift. By analysing the ‘climate paths’ that range shifts might follow, and two key range‐shift processes – dispersal and population persistence – we show that short‐term climatic and population characteristics have dramatic effects on range‐shift forecasts. By employing this approach with 15 amphibian species in the western USA, we make unexpected predictions. First, inter‐decadal variability in climate change can prevent range shifts by causing gaps in climate paths, even in the absence of geographic barriers. Second, the hitherto unappreciated trait of persistence during unfavourable climatic conditions is critical to species range shifts. Third, climatic fluctuations and low persistence could lead to endangerment even if the future potential range size is large. These considerations may render habitat corridors ineffectual for some species, and conservationists may need to consider managed relocation and augmentation of in situ populations. AU - Early, Regan AU - Sax, Dov F. DO - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01681.x IS - 11 PY - 2011 SP - 1125-1133 ST - Analysis of climate paths reveals potential limitations on species range shifts T2 - Ecology Letters TI - Analysis of climate paths reveals potential limitations on species range shifts VL - 14 ID - 25731 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EASAC CY - Halle, Germany N1 - ISBN: 978-3-8047-3841-6 PB - European Academies' Science Advisory Council (EASAC) PY - 2018 RP - ISBN: 978-3-8047-3841-6 SN - EASAC policy report 35 SP - 37 ST - Negative Emissions Technologies: What Role in Meeting Paris Agreement Targets? TI - Negative Emissions Technologies: What Role in Meeting Paris Agreement Targets? UR - https://easac.eu/publications/details/easac-net/ ID - 25216 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Easterling, D.R. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - Arnold, J.R. AU - Knutson, T. AU - LeGrande, A.N. AU - Leung, L.R. AU - Vose, R.S. AU - Waliser, D.E. AU - Wehner, M.F. C4 - e8089a19-413e-4bc5-8c4a-7610399e268c CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J0H993CC PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 7 SP - 207-230 ST - Precipitation change in the United States T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Precipitation change in the United States ID - 21565 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The development of homogeneous climatological time series is a crucial step in examining climate fluctuations and change. We review and test methods that have been proposed previously for detecting inhomogeneities, and introduce a new method we have developed. This method is based on a combination of regression analysis and non‐parametric statistics. After evaluation against other techniques, using both simulated and observed data, our technique appears to have the best overall performance. AU - Easterling, David R. AU - Peterson, Thomas C. DO - 10.1002/joc.3370150403 IS - 4 PY - 1995 SP - 369-377 ST - A new method for detecting undocumented discontinuities in climatological time series T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - A new method for detecting undocumented discontinuities in climatological time series VL - 15 ID - 25425 ER - TY - JOUR AB - At the National Climatic Data Center, two basic approaches to making homogeneity adjustments to climate data have been developed. The first is based on the use of metadata (station history files) and is used in the adjustments made to the U.S. Historical Climatology Network monthly dataset. The second approach is non-metadata based and was developed for use with the Global Historical Climatology Network dataset, since there are not extensive station history files for most stations in the dataset. In this paper the two methodologies are reviewed and the adjustments made using each are compared, then the results are discussed. Last, some brief guidelines on the limitations and uses of these data are provided. AU - Easterling, David R. AU - Peterson, Thomas C. AU - Karl, Thomas R. DO - 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1429:Otdauo>2.0.CO;2 IS - 6 PY - 1996 SP - 1429-1434 ST - On the development and use of homogenized climate datasets T2 - Journal of Climate TI - On the development and use of homogenized climate datasets VL - 9 ID - 26141 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Numerous websites, blogs and articles in the media have claimed that the climate is no longer warming, and is now cooling. Here we show that periods of no trend or even cooling of the globally averaged surface air temperature are found in the last 34 years of the observed record, and in climate model simulations of the 20th and 21st century forced with increasing greenhouse gases. We show that the climate over the 21st century can and likely will produce periods of a decade or two where the globally averaged surface air temperature shows no trend or even slight cooling in the presence of longer‐term warming. AN - 33 AU - Easterling, D.R. AU - Wehner, M.F. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2009GL037810 IS - 8 KW - global warming; climate change; 3305 Atmospheric Processes: Climate change and variability; 3337 Atmospheric Processes: Global climate models; 1620 Global Change: Climate dynamics; 1610 Global Change: Atmosphere PY - 2009 SN - 0094-8276 SP - L08706 ST - Is the climate warming or cooling? T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Is the climate warming or cooling? VL - 36 ID - 13217 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eberhardt, Alyson L. AU - Burdick, David M. AU - Dionne, Michele DO - 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00721.x IS - 6 KW - culvert hydrology nekton restoration salt marsh tidal restriction PY - 2011 SN - 1526-100X SP - 776-785 ST - The effects of road culverts on nekton in New England salt marshes: Implications for tidal restoration T2 - Restoration Ecology TI - The effects of road culverts on nekton in New England salt marshes: Implications for tidal restoration VL - 19 ID - 21838 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Ebi, K.L. AU - Balbus, J.M. AU - Luber, G. AU - Bole, A. AU - Crimmins, A. AU - Glass, G. AU - Saha, S. AU - Shimamoto, M.M. AU - Trtanj, J. AU - White-Newsome, J.L. C4 - 9e640a0e-dc3c-46b7-a07b-428ad6b65aaf CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH14 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 14 SP - xxx ST - Human Health T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Human Health ID - 26648 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To aid health adaptation decision-making, there are increasing efforts to provide climate projections at finer temporal and spatial scales. Relying solely on projected climate changes for longer-term decisions makes the implicit assumption that sources of vulnerability other than climate change will remain the same, which is not very probable. Over longer time horizons, this approach likely over estimates the extent to which climate change could alter the magnitude and pattern of health outcomes, introducing systematic bias into health management decisions. To balance this potential bias, decision-makers also need projections of other drivers of health outcomes that are, like climate change, recognized determinants of some disease burdens. Incorporating projections via an iterative process that allows for regular updates based on new knowledge and experience has the potential to improve the utility of fine-scale climate projections in health system adaptation to climate change. AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Hess, Jeremy J. AU - Isaksen, Tania Busch DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s40572-016-0077-0 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 2196-5412 SP - 99-105 ST - Using uncertain climate and development information in health adaptation planning T2 - Current Environmental Health Reports TI - Using uncertain climate and development information in health adaptation planning VL - 3 ID - 24058 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - McGregor, Glenn DO - 10.1289/ehp.11463 PY - 2008 SP - 1449-1455 ST - Climate change, tropospheric ozone and particulate matter, and health impacts T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Climate change, tropospheric ozone and particulate matter, and health impacts VL - 116 ID - 25133 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Nealon, Joshua DA - 2016/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.026 KW - Climate change Dengue Vector control Dengue vaccine PY - 2016 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 115-123 ST - Dengue in a changing climate T2 - Environmental Research TI - Dengue in a changing climate VL - 151 ID - 23246 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Teisberg, Thomas J. AU - Kalkstein, Laurence S. AU - Robinson, Lawrence AU - Weiher, Rodney F. DO - 10.1175/bams-85-8-1067 IS - 8 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2004 SN - 0003-0007 1520-0477 SP - 1067-1073 ST - Heat watch/warning systems save lives: Estimated costs and benefits for Philadelphia 1995–98 T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Heat watch/warning systems save lives: Estimated costs and benefits for Philadelphia 1995–98 VL - 85 ID - 17593 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The U.S. health care sector is highly interconnected with industrial activities that emit much of the nation’s pollution to air, water, and soils. We estimate emissions directly and indirectly attributable to the health care sector, and potential harmful effects on public health. Negative environmental and public health outcomes were estimated through economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIOLCA) modeling using National Health Expenditures (NHE) for the decade 2003–2013 and compared to national totals. In 2013, the health care sector was also responsible for significant fractions of national air pollution emissions and impacts, including acid rain (12%), greenhouse gas emissions (10%), smog formation (10%) criteria air pollutants (9%), stratospheric ozone depletion (1%), and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic air toxics (1–2%). The largest contributors to impacts are discussed from both the supply side (EIOLCA economic sectors) and demand side (NHE categories), as are trends over the study period. Health damages from these pollutants are estimated at 470,000 DALYs lost from pollution-related disease, or 405,000 DALYs when adjusted for recent shifts in power generation sector emissions. These indirect health burdens are commensurate with the 44,000–98,000 people who die in hospitals each year in the U.S. as a result of preventable medical errors, but are currently not attributed to our health system. Concerted efforts to improve environmental performance of health care could reduce expenditures directly through waste reduction and energy savings, and indirectly through reducing pollution burden on public health, and ought to be included in efforts to improve health care quality and safety. AU - Eckelman, Matthew J. AU - Sherman, Jodi DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0157014 IS - 6 PY - 2016 SP - e0157014 ST - Environmental impacts of the U.S. health care system and effects on public health T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Environmental impacts of the U.S. health care system and effects on public health VL - 11 ID - 24128 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Eckert, Robert AU - Whitmore, Kelly AU - Richards, Anne AU - Hunter, Margaret AU - Drew, Katie AU - Appelman, Max CY - Arlington, VA PB - Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission PY - 2016 SP - 81 ST - Stock Status Report for Gulf of Maine Northern Shrimp—2016 TI - Stock Status Report for Gulf of Maine Northern Shrimp—2016 UR - http://www.asmfc.org/uploads/file/5823782c2016NorthernShrimpAssessment.pdf ID - 21872 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ECLAC CY - Vitacura, Santiago de Chile NV - LC/MEX/L.367 PB - United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) PY - 1999 SP - 20 ST - Honduras: Assessment of the Damage Caused by Hurricane Mitch, 1998: Implications for Economic and Social Development and for the Environment TI - Honduras: Assessment of the Damage Caused by Hurricane Mitch, 1998: Implications for Economic and Social Development and for the Environment UR - https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/25506 ID - 22141 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Economics of Climate Adaptation Working Group CY - Zurich, Switzerland PB - ClimateWorks Foundation, Global Environment Facility, European Commission, McKinsey & Company, The Rockefeller Foundation, Standard Chartered Bank and Swiss Re PY - 2009 SP - 159 ST - Shaping Climate-Resilient Development: A Framework for Decision-Making TI - Shaping Climate-Resilient Development: A Framework for Decision-Making UR - http://ccsl.iccip.net/climate_resilient.pdf ID - 24163 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Eddins, Quinn W. CY - Los Angeles, CA PB - CBRE Research PY - 2015 ST - Rising Vulnerability to Floods Risks Devastating Property Losses in U.S. Cities TI - Rising Vulnerability to Floods Risks Devastating Property Losses in U.S. Cities UR - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/rising-vulnerability-floods-risks-devastating-property-quinn-eddins ID - 23195 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coral reefs are important habitats that represent global marine biodiversity hotspots and provide important benefits to people in many tropical regions. However, coral reefs are becoming increasingly threatened by climate change, overfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution. Historical baselines of coral cover are important to understand how much coral cover has been lost, e.g., to avoid the ‘shifting baseline syndrome’. There are few quantitative observations of coral reef cover prior to the industrial revolution, and therefore baselines of coral reef cover are difficult to estimate. Here, we use expert and ocean-user opinion surveys to estimate baselines of global coral reef cover. The overall mean estimated baseline coral cover was 59% (±19% standard deviation), compared to an average of 58% (±18% standard deviation) estimated by professional scientists. We did not find evidence of the shifting baseline syndrome, whereby respondents who first observed coral reefs more recently report lower estimates of baseline coral cover. These estimates of historical coral reef baseline cover are important for scientists, policy makers, and managers to understand the extent to which coral reefs have become depleted and to set appropriate recovery targets. AU - Eddy, Tyler D. AU - Cheung, William W. L. AU - Bruno, John F. DA - 2018/01/24 DO - 10.7717/peerj.4308 KW - Historical ecology Marine environmental history Qualitative survey Expert opinion survey Historical baselines Shifting baseline syndrome Climate change PY - 2018 SN - 2167-8359 SP - e4308 ST - Historical baselines of coral cover on tropical reefs as estimated by expert opinion T2 - PeerJ TI - Historical baselines of coral cover on tropical reefs as estimated by expert opinion VL - 6 ID - 25493 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Rasch, Philip J. AB - This entry discusses the role of integrated assessment models (IAMs) in climate change research. IAMs are an interdisciplinary research platform, which constitutes a consistent scientific framework in which the large-scale interactions between human and natural Earth systems can be examined. AU - Edmonds, James A. AU - Calvin, Katherine V. AU - Clarke, Leon E. AU - Janetos, Anthony C. AU - Kim, Son H. AU - Wise, Marshall A. AU - McJeon, Haewon C. C4 - da5f612b-4987-45dc-b8b9-e7b028bc24fd CY - New York, NY DO - 10.1007/978-1-4614-5767-1_8 PB - Springer PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-4614-5767-1 SP - 169-209 ST - Integrated assessment modeling T2 - Climate Change Modeling Methodology: Selected Entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology TI - Integrated assessment modeling ID - 25294 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Edwards Aquifer Authority PY - n.d. SP - 8 ST - The Edwards Aquifer Region TI - The Edwards Aquifer Region UR - https://cld.bz/bookdata/NHjeYFt/basic-html/page-1.html ID - 25918 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EEI CY - Washington, DC PB - Edison Electric Institute PY - 2014 SP - 133 ST - Before and After the Storm—Update TI - Before and After the Storm—Update UR - http://www.eei.org/issuesandpolicy/electricreliability/mutualassistance/Documents/BeforeandAftertheStorm.pdf ID - 21356 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In 1992, a large outbreak of bloody diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli O157 infections occurred in southern Africa. In Swaziland, 40,912 physician visits for diarrhea in persons ages >5 years were reported during October through November 1992. This was a sevenfold increase over the same period during 1990-91. The attack rate was 42% among 778 residents we surveyed. Female gender and consuming beef and untreated water were significant risks for illness. E. coli O157:NM was recovered from seven affected foci in Swaziland and South Africa; 27 of 31 patient and environmental isolates had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Compared with previous years, a fivefold increase in cattle deaths occurred in October 1992. The first heavy rains fell that same month (36 mm), following 3 months of drought. Drought, carriage of E. coli O157 by cattle, and heavy rains with contamination of surface water appear to be important factors contributing to this outbreak. AU - Effler, E. AU - Isaäcson, M. AU - Arntzen, L. AU - Heenan, R. AU - Canter, P. AU - Barrett, T. AU - Lee, L. AU - Mambo, C. AU - Levine, W. AU - Zaidi, A. AU - Griffin, P. M. DA - Sep-Oct DB - PMC DO - 10.3201/eid0705.017507 IS - 5 N1 - 11747693[pmid] Emerg Infect Dis PY - 2001 SN - 1080-6040 1080-6059 SP - 812-819 ST - Factors contributing to the emergence of Escherichia coli O157 in Africa T2 - Emerging Infectious Diseases TI - Factors contributing to the emergence of Escherichia coli O157 in Africa VL - 7 ID - 23241 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eguíluz, Victor M. AU - Fernández-Gracia, Juan AU - Irigoien, Xabier AU - Duarte, Carlos M. DA - 08/01 03/16/received 07/07/accepted DB - PMC DO - 10.1038/srep30682 PY - 2016 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 30682 ST - A quantitative assessment of Arctic shipping in 2010–2014 T2 - Scientific Reports TI - A quantitative assessment of Arctic shipping in 2010–2014 VL - 6 ID - 22194 ER - TY - WEB AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) PY - 2014 ST - Many Newer Power Plants Have Cooling Systems That Reuse Water TI - Many Newer Power Plants Have Cooling Systems That Reuse Water UR - https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=14971 ID - 21357 ER - TY - WEB AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) PY - 2016 ST - Frequently Asked Questions: How Much Natural Gas Does the United States Have, and How Long Will It Last? TI - Frequently Asked Questions: How Much Natural Gas Does the United States Have, and How Long Will It Last? UR - https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=58&t=8 ID - 21361 ER - TY - WEB AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration PY - 2016 ST - U.S. States: Table C9. Electric Power Sector Consumption Estimates, 2016 [web site] TI - U.S. States: Table C9. Electric Power Sector Consumption Estimates, 2016 [web site] UR - https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/data.php?incfile=/state/seds/sep_sum/html/sum_btu_eu.html&sid=US ID - 26692 ER - TY - WEB AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) PY - 2017 ST - Form EIA-860 Detailed Data: Generator-Level Specific Information TI - Form EIA-860 Detailed Data: Generator-Level Specific Information UR - https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/ ID - 21358 ER - TY - WEB AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) PY - 2017 ST - Form EIA-923 Detailed Data: Electric Power Data TI - Form EIA-923 Detailed Data: Electric Power Data UR - https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/ ID - 21359 ER - TY - WEB AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) PY - 2017 ST - Electric Power Monthly: Table 1.1A. Net Generation From Renewable Sources TI - Electric Power Monthly: Table 1.1A. Net Generation From Renewable Sources UR - https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.php?t=epmt_1_01_a ID - 21363 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) PY - 2017 SP - 25 ST - Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions at the State Level, 2000-2014 TI - Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions at the State Level, 2000-2014 UR - https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/state/analysis/ ID - 23904 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC N1 - Broader web site: https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php?sid=US#Production PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration PY - 2017 RP - Broader web site: https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php?sid=US#Production SP - 1 ST - State Energy Data System (SEDS): 1960-2015. Table P2. Primary Energy Production Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2015 TI - State Energy Data System (SEDS): 1960-2015. Table P2. Primary Energy Production Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2015 UR - https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_prod/pdf/P2.pdf ID - 23905 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC NV - DOE/EIA-0035(2017/5) PB - U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) PY - 2017 SP - 243 ST - May 2017 Monthly Energy Review TI - May 2017 Monthly Energy Review UR - https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/archive/00351705.pdf ID - 24529 ER - TY - WEB AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) PY - 2017 ST - Electric Power Monthly: Table 7.2b. Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector TI - Electric Power Monthly: Table 7.2b. Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector UR - https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/sec7_6.pdf ID - 25442 ER - TY - WEB AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) PY - 2017 ST - Electric Power Monthly: Table 1.1. Net Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), 2008-April 2018 TI - Electric Power Monthly: Table 1.1. Net Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), 2008-April 2018 UR - https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.php?t=epmt_1_01 ID - 25910 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EIA PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) PY - 2018 SN - AEO2018 SP - 146 ST - Annual Energy Outlook 2018 TI - Annual Energy Outlook 2018 UR - https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/ ID - 25214 ER - TY - WEB AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) PY - 2018 ST - Frequently Asked Questions: How Much Oil Consumed by the United States Comes From Foreign Countries? TI - Frequently Asked Questions: How Much Oil Consumed by the United States Comes From Foreign Countries? UR - https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=32&t=6 ID - 25440 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC NV - AEO2018 PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) PY - 2018 SP - 146 ST - Annual Energy Outlook 2018 TI - Annual Energy Outlook 2018 UR - https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/ ID - 25441 ER - TY - WEB AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration PY - 2018 ST - Energy Market Alerts: Northeastern Winter Energy Alert TI - Energy Market Alerts: Northeastern Winter Energy Alert UR - https://www.eia.gov/special/alert/east_coast/ ID - 25906 ER - TY - WEB AU - EIA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) PY - various ST - U.S. Energy Mapping System TI - U.S. Energy Mapping System UR - https://www.eia.gov/state/maps.php ID - 21885 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eicken, Hajo AU - Lovecraft, Amy Lauren AU - Druckenmiller, Matthew L. DO - 10.14430/arctic126 IS - 2 KW - sea ice Arctic ecosystems Arctic Alaska climate change Arctic observing system Arctic policy community-based observations adaptation Alaska Eskimo whaling communities local knowledge PY - 2009 SP - 119-225 ST - Sea-ice system services: A framework to help identify and meet information needs relevant for Arctic observing networks T2 - Arctic TI - Sea-ice system services: A framework to help identify and meet information needs relevant for Arctic observing networks VL - 62 ID - 22195 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eidenshink, J. AU - Schwind, B. AU - Brewer, K. AU - Zhu, Z. AU - Quayle, B. AU - Howard, S. C6 - NCA IS - 1 PY - 2007 SP - 3-21 ST - A project for monitoring trends in burn severity T2 - Fire Ecology TI - A project for monitoring trends in burn severity UR - http://fireecology.org/docs/Journal/pdf/Volume03/Issue01/003.pdf VL - 3 ID - 13256 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EIG CY - Washington, DC KW - added by ERG PB - Economic Innovation Group (EIG) PY - 2017 SP - 50 ST - The 2017 Distressed Communities Index: An Analysis of Community Well-Being Across the United States TI - The 2017 Distressed Communities Index: An Analysis of Community Well-Being Across the United States UR - http://eig.org/dci ID - 22888 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Dalton, Meghan M. A2 - Mote, Philip A2 - Snover, Amy K. AU - Eigenbrode, Sanford D. AU - Capalbo, Susan M. AU - Houston, Laurie AU - Johnson-Maynard, Jodi AU - Kruger, Chad E. AU - Olen, Beau C4 - 83258fdc-f44e-41b3-8173-ce01f8bbdae2 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.5822/978-1-61091-512-0_6 PB - Island Press PY - 2013 SN - 978-1610914284 978-1-59726-426-6 978-1-61091-512-0 SP - 149-180 ST - Agriculture: Impacts, adaptation and mitigation T2 - Climate Change in the Northwest: Implications for Our Landscapes, Waters, and Communities TI - Agriculture: Impacts, adaptation and mitigation ID - 24713 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper identifies the literature that deals with adaptation to climate change in the transport sector. It presents a systematic review of the adaptations suggested in the literature. Although it is frequently claimed that this socially and economically important sector is particularly vulnerable to climate change, there is comparatively little research into its adaptation. The 63 sources we found are analysed following an action framework of adaptation. This distinguishes different adaptational functions and means of adaptation. By an open coding procedure, a total of 245 adaptations are found and classified. The paper shows a broad diversity of interdependent actors to be relevant—ranging from transportation providers to public and private actors and households. Crucial actors are hybrid in terms of being public or private. A substantial share of the identified adaptations follows a top-down adaptation policy pattern where a public or hybrid operator initiates action that affects private actors. Most of the exceptions from this pattern are technical or engineering measures. Identified adaptations mostly require institutional means, followed by technical means, and knowledge. Generally, knowledge on adapting transport to climate change is still in a stage of infancy. The existing literature either focuses on overly general adaptations, or on detailed technical measures. Further research is needed on the actual implementation of adaptation, and on more precise institutional instruments that fill the gap between too vague and too site-specific adaptations. AU - Eisenack, Klaus AU - Stecker, Rebecca AU - Reckien, Diana AU - Hoffmann, Esther DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s11027-011-9336-4 IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1573-1596 SP - 451-469 ST - Adaptation to climate change in the transport sector: A review of actions and actors T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - Adaptation to climate change in the transport sector: A review of actions and actors VL - 17 ID - 24545 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The authors examined two competing hypotheses regarding the cause of the 1993 Cryptosporidium outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The first was that oocyst contamination of the drinking-water influent, coupled with a treatment plant failure, resulted in a point-source outbreak. The second was that the outbreak was the result of transmission processes that amplified the oocyst concentration in the drinking-water effluent. Analysis of the model suggested that 1) transmission directly from person to person contributed 10% (95% confidence interval: 6%, 21%) of the total cases; 2) closing the drinking-water plant prevented 19% (95% confidence interval: 17%, 21%) of the additional cases of disease that occurred compared with the scenario in which the plant had not been closed, a result primarily driven by conferred immunity that resulted in depletion of the susceptible population; and 3) the outbreak was caused by a transmission cycle due to infectious persons shedding pathogens into the sewage, environmental transport of these pathogens via Lake Michigan to the drinking-water plant, and infection of susceptible persons via exposure to drinking water. The incidence data were consistent with this hypothesis. Further simulations suggested that increasing the distance between the wastewater effluent and the drinking-water influent may have prevented the outbreak. AU - Eisenberg, Joseph N. S. AU - Lei, Xiudong AU - Hubbard, Alan H. AU - Brookhart, M. Alan AU - Colford, Jr John M. DO - 10.1093/aje/kwi005 IS - 1 N1 - 10.1093/aje/kwi005 PY - 2005 SN - 0002-9262 SP - 62-72 ST - The role of disease transmission and conferred immunity in outbreaks: Analysis of the 1993 Cryptosporidium outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology TI - The role of disease transmission and conferred immunity in outbreaks: Analysis of the 1993 Cryptosporidium outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin VL - 161 ID - 23759 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eisenman, David P. AU - Wilhalme, Holly AU - Tseng, Chi-Hong AU - Chester, Mikhail AU - English, Paul AU - Pincetl, Stephanie AU - Fraser, Andrew AU - Vangala, Sitaram AU - Dhaliwal, Satvinder K. DA - 2016/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.08.007 PY - 2016 SN - 1353-8292 SP - 89-99 ST - Heat death associations with the built environment, social vulnerability and their interactions with rising temperature T2 - Health & Place TI - Heat death associations with the built environment, social vulnerability and their interactions with rising temperature VL - 41 ID - 25964 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eiser, J. Richard AU - Bostrom, Ann AU - Burton, Ian AU - Johnston, David M. AU - McClure, John AU - Paton, Douglas AU - van der Pligt, Joop AU - White, Mathew P. DA - 2012/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2012.05.002 KW - Risk Hazard Interpretation Decision Trust PY - 2012 SN - 2212-4209 SP - 5-16 ST - Risk interpretation and action: A conceptual framework for responses to natural hazards T2 - International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction TI - Risk interpretation and action: A conceptual framework for responses to natural hazards VL - 1 ID - 26484 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eisler, Mark C. AU - Lee, Michael R. F. AU - Tarlton, John F. AU - Martin, Graeme B. AU - Beddington, John AU - Dungait, Jennifer A. J. AU - Greathead, Henry AU - Liu, Jianxin AU - Mathew, Stephen AU - Miller, Helen AU - Misselbrook, Tom AU - Murray, Phil AU - Vinod, Valil K. AU - Saun, Robert Van AU - Winter, Michael DO - 10.1038/507032a PY - 2014 SP - 32-34 ST - Agriculture: Steps to sustainable livestock T2 - Nature TI - Agriculture: Steps to sustainable livestock VL - 507 ID - 23517 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Understanding resource managers’ perceptions of climate change, analytic capacity, and current adaptation activities can provide insight into what can help support adaptation processes at the local level. In California, where a major drought currently demonstrates some of the hardships that could be regularly encountered under a changing climate, we present results from a survey of drinking water utilities about the perceived threat, analytic capacity, and adaptation actions related to maintaining water quality in the face of climate change. Among surveyed utilities (n = 259), awareness is high in regard to climate change occurring and its potential impacts on water quality globally, but perceived risk is lower with regard to climate impacts on local drinking water quality. Just over half of surveyed utilities report at least some adaptation activity to date. The top three variables that most strongly correlated with reported adaptation action were (1) perceived risk on global and local water quality, (2) surface water reliance, and (3) provision of other services beyond drinking water. Other tested variables significantly correlated with reported adaptation action were (4) degree of impact from the current drought and (5) communication with climate change experts. Findings highlight that smaller groundwater-reliant utilities may need the most assistance to initiate climate adaptation processes. Trusted information sources most frequently used across respondents were state government agencies, followed by colleagues in the same utilities. The finding that frequently used sources of information are similar across utilities presents a promising opportunity for training and disseminating climate information to assist those systems needing the most support. AU - Ekstrom, Julia A. AU - Bedsworth, Louise AU - Fencl, Amanda DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1870-3 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 467-481 ST - Gauging climate preparedness to inform adaptation needs: Local level adaptation in drinking water quality in CA, USA T2 - Climatic Change TI - Gauging climate preparedness to inform adaptation needs: Local level adaptation in drinking water quality in CA, USA VL - 140 ID - 25963 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ekstrom, Julia A. AU - Moser, Susanne C. DA - 2014/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.uclim.2014.06.002 KW - Climate change Adaptation Governance Barriers Institutions San Francisco PY - 2014 SN - 2212-0955 SP - 54-74 ST - Identifying and overcoming barriers in urban climate adaptation: Case study findings from the San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA T2 - Urban Climate TI - Identifying and overcoming barriers in urban climate adaptation: Case study findings from the San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA VL - 9 ID - 25610 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ocean acidification is a global, long-term problem whose ultimate solution requires carbon dioxide reduction at a scope and scale that will take decades to accomplish successfully. Until that is achieved, feasible and locally relevant adaptation and mitigation measures are needed. To help to prioritize societal responses to ocean acidification, we present a spatially explicit, multidisciplinary vulnerability analysis of coastal human communities in the United States. We focus our analysis on shelled mollusc harvests, which are likely to be harmed by ocean acidification. Our results highlight US regions most vulnerable to ocean acidification (and why), important knowledge and information gaps, and opportunities to adapt through local actions. The research illustrates the benefits of integrating natural and social sciences to identify actions and other opportunities while policy, stakeholders and scientists are still in relatively early stages of developing research plans and responses to ocean acidification. AU - Ekstrom, Julia A. AU - Suatoni, Lisa AU - Cooley, Sarah R. AU - Pendleton, Linwood H. AU - Waldbusser, George G. AU - Cinner, Josh E. AU - Ritter, Jessica AU - Langdon, Chris AU - van Hooidonk, Ruben AU - Gledhill, Dwight AU - Wellman, Katharine AU - Beck, Michael W. AU - Brander, Luke M. AU - Rittschof, Dan AU - Doherty, Carolyn AU - Edwards, Peter E. T. AU - Portela, Rosimeiry DA - 03//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2508 IS - 3 M3 - Perspective PY - 2015 SN - 1758-678X SP - 207-214 ST - Vulnerability and adaptation of US shellfisheries to ocean acidification T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Vulnerability and adaptation of US shellfisheries to ocean acidification VL - 5 ID - 21837 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Schopf, Thomas J. M. AU - Eldredge, Niles, and Stephen Jay Gould C4 - 82abbb5d-1c8e-4178-82c3-249fb0fdf168 CY - San Francisco, CA PB - Freeman & Cooper PY - 1972 SN - 978-0877353256 SP - 82-115 ST - Punctuated equilibria: An alternative to phyletic gradualism T2 - Models in Paleobiology TI - Punctuated equilibria: An alternative to phyletic gradualism ID - 21445 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elias, Emile AU - Rango, Al AU - Smith, Ryann AU - Maxwell, Connie AU - Steele, Caiti AU - Havstad, Kris DO - 10.1111/j.1936-704X.2016.03218.x IS - 1 KW - climate change agriculture water resources Southwest Climate Hub PY - 2016 SN - 1936-704X SP - 46-61 ST - Climate change, agriculture and water resources in the southwestern United States T2 - Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education TI - Climate change, agriculture and water resources in the southwestern United States VL - 158 ID - 23761 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Anderson, Terry AU - Elias, Emile AU - Steele, Caiti AU - Havstad, Kris AU - Steenwerth, Kerri AU - Chambers, Jeanne AU - Deswood, Helena AU - Kerr, Amber AU - Rango, Albert AU - Schwartz, Mark AU - Stine, Peter AU - Steele, Rachel CY - Washington, DC NV - Miscellaneaous publication PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rocky Mountain Research Station PY - 2015 SP - 76 ST - Southwest Regional Climate Hub and California Subsidiary Hub Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies TI - Southwest Regional Climate Hub and California Subsidiary Hub Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_journals/2015/rmrs_2015_elias_e001.pdf ID - 23955 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elias, E. H. AU - Rango, A. AU - Steele, C. M. AU - Mejia, J. F. AU - Smith, R. DA - 2015/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ejrh.2015.04.004 KW - Snowmelt runoff model Climate change Upper Rio Grande Water resources PY - 2015 SN - 2214-5818 SP - 525-546 ST - Assessing climate change impacts on water availability of snowmelt-dominated basins of the Upper Rio Grande basin T2 - Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies TI - Assessing climate change impacts on water availability of snowmelt-dominated basins of the Upper Rio Grande basin VL - 3 ID - 23760 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Regional climate change scenarios are important for understanding their impacts on environments of oceanic islands. This study presents a statistical method that estimates elevation-dependent warming rates for the Hawaiian Islands. The downscaling is facilitated by two important aspects found in the climate change scenarios produced by general circulation models. First, climate model simulations show a strong relationship between height and amplitude of the temperature change over the northern subtropical Pacific. Second, the ratio between the upper air temperature and the surface temperature change is independent of the global warming rate. This information is exploited to produce high-resolution maps with the expected range of future temperature changes for the Hawaiian Islands by the mid and late 21st century. The expected surface warming and its uncertainty is analysed with an ensemble of global climate scenarios for two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios (RCP4.5 and 8.5). It is found that the highest mountain elevations warm by a factor 1.5 ± 0.2 compared with the ambient surface temperature anomalies at the sea level. In scenario RCP8.5, high elevations above 3000 m reach up to 4–5 °C warmer temperatures by the late 21st century. The uncertainty due to multi-model ensemble spread is overall larger than the statistical downscaling uncertainty, except for the highest elevations where both contribute equally to the uncertainty range. For the late 21st century, however, the largest uncertainty stems from the choice of emission scenarios. AU - Elison Timm, Oliver DA - 2017/08/01/ DO - 10.1002/joc.5065 DP - Wiley Online Library KW - Subtropics Hawaii Temperature Statistical Downscaling elevation-dependent warming LA - en PY - 2017 SN - 1097-0088 SP - 1093-1104 ST - Future warming rates over the Hawaiian Islands based on elevation-dependent scaling factors T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Future warming rates over the Hawaiian Islands based on elevation-dependent scaling factors VL - 37 ID - 22421 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Seasonal mean rainfall projections for Hawai‘i are given based on statistical downscaling of the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) global model results for two future representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The spatial information content of our statistical downscaling method is improved over previous efforts through the inclusion of spatially extensive, high-quality monthly rainfall data set and the use of improved large-scale climate predictor information. Predictor variables include moisture transport in the middle atmosphere (700 hPa), vertical temperature gradients, and geopotential height fields of the 1000 and 500 hPa layers. The results allow for the first time to derive a spatially interpolated map with future rainfall change estimates for the main Hawaiian Islands. The statistical downscaling was applied to project wet (November–April) and dry (May–October) season rainfall anomalies for the middle and late 21st century. Overall, the statistical downscaling gives more reliable results for the wet season than for the dry season. The wet-season results indicate a pronounced dipole structure between windward facing mountain slopes and the leeward side of most of the islands. The climatically wet regions on the windward slopes of the mountain regions are expected to become wetter or remain stable in their seasonal precipitation amounts. On the climatically dry leeward sides of Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, and Hawai‘i Island, future precipitation exhibits the strongest drying trends. The projected future rainfall anomaly pattern is associated with a circulation anomaly that resembles a shift in the position or strength of the subtropical high and the average location of extratropical troughs. These new results suggest that a negative trend dominates the area-averaged changes in the statistical downscaling over the Hawaiian Islands. However, the islands are expected to experience a greater contrast between the wet and dry regions in the future. AU - Elison Timm, Oliver AU - Giambelluca, Thomas W. AU - Diaz, Henry F. DA - 2015/01/16/ DO - 10.1002/2014JD022059 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 1 KW - Rainfall Hawaii freshwater 1626 Global climate models 3305 Climate change and variability 1637 Regional climate change CMIP 3354 Precipitation 4318 Statistical analysis Statistical Downscaling LA - en PY - 2015 SN - 2169-8996 SP - 92–112 ST - Statistical downscaling of rainfall changes in Hawai‘i based on the CMIP5 global model projections T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - Statistical downscaling of rainfall changes in Hawai‘i based on the CMIP5 global model projections VL - 120 Y2 - 2016/02/04/02:00:11 ID - 22527 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Eller, Donnelle CY - Des Moines, IA DA - October 5 PY - 2016 ST - Climate change means more flooding for Iowa, scientists say T2 - Des Moines Register TI - Climate change means more flooding for Iowa, scientists say UR - https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/money/2016/10/05/climate-change-brings-more-extreme-weather-iowa-scientists-say/91605242/ ID - 24593 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Elliot, Debi AU - Mulder, Cameron CY - Portland, OR PB - Oregon Food Bank PY - 2016 SP - 15 ST - Hunger Factors 2015: Hunger and Poverty in Oregon and Clark County, WA TI - Hunger Factors 2015: Hunger and Poverty in Oregon and Clark County, WA UR - https://www.oregonfoodbank.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Hunger-Factors-FullRpt-v8-2.pdf ID - 24790 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elliott, Joshua AU - Deryng, Delphine AU - Muller, Christoph AU - Frieler, Katja AU - Konzmann, Markus AU - Gerten, Dieter AU - Glotter, Michael AU - Florke, Martina AU - Wada, Yoshihide AU - Best, Neil AU - Eisner, Stephanie AU - Fekete, Balazs M. AU - Folberth, Christian AU - Foster, Ian AU - Gosling, Simon N. AU - Haddeland, Ingjerd AU - Khabarov, Nikolay AU - Ludwig, Fulco AU - Masaki, Yoshimitsu AU - Olin, Stefan AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Ruane, Alex C. AU - Satoh, Yusuke AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Stacke, Tobias AU - Tang, Qiuhong AU - Wisser, Dominik DA - Mar 04 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1222474110 IS - 9 KW - Agricultural Irrigation/economics/*methods Agriculture/economics/*methods Carbon Dioxide/analysis *Climate Change Computer Simulation Forecasting *Models, Theoretical Water Supply/*statistics & numerical data adaptation agriculture hydrology uncertainty PY - 2014 SN - 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking) SP - 3239-3244 ST - Constraints and potentials of future irrigation water availability on agricultural production under climate change T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Constraints and potentials of future irrigation water availability on agricultural production under climate change VL - 111 ID - 22579 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ellison, Aaron M. AU - Bank, Michael S. AU - Clinton, Barton D. AU - Colburn, Elizabeth A. AU - Elliott, Katherine AU - Ford, Chelcy R. AU - Foster, David R. AU - Kloeppel, Brian D. AU - Knoepp, Jennifer D. AU - Lovett, Gary M. AU - Mohan, Jacqueline AU - Orwig, David A. AU - Rodenhouse, Nicholas L. AU - Sobczak, William V. AU - Stinson, Kristina A. AU - Stone, Jeffrey K. AU - Swan, Christopher M. AU - Thompson, Jill AU - Von Holle, Betsy AU - Webster, Jackson R. DO - 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0479:LOFSCF]2.0.CO;2 IS - 9 PY - 2005 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 479-486 ST - Loss of foundation species: Consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Loss of foundation species: Consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems VL - 3 ID - 24425 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Flowering times are well-documented indicators of the ecological effects of climate change and are linked to numerous ecosystem processes and trophic interactions. Dozens of studies have shown that flowering times for many spring-flowering plants have become earlier as a result of recent climate change, but it is uncertain if flowering times will continue to advance as temperatures rise. Here, we used long-term flowering records initiated by Henry David Thoreau in 1852 and Aldo Leopold in 1935 to investigate this question. Our analyses demonstrate that record-breaking spring temperatures in 2010 and 2012 in Massachusetts, USA, and 2012 in Wisconsin, USA, resulted in the earliest flowering times in recorded history for dozens of spring-flowering plants of the eastern United States. These dramatic advances in spring flowering were successfully predicted by historical relationships between flowering and spring temperature spanning up to 161 years of ecological change. These results demonstrate that numerous temperate plant species have yet to show obvious signs of physiological constraints on phenological advancement in the face of climate change. AU - Ellwood, Elizabeth R. AU - Temple, Stanley A. AU - Primack, Richard B. AU - Bradley, Nina L. AU - Davis, Charles C. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0053788 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SP - e53788 ST - Record-breaking early flowering in the eastern United States T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Record-breaking early flowering in the eastern United States VL - 8 ID - 23374 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Elmqvist, Thomas AU - Fragkias, Michail AU - Goodness, Julie AU - Güneralp, Burak AU - Marcotullio, Peter J. AU - McDonald, Robert I. AU - Parnell, Susan AU - Schewenius, Maria AU - Sendstad, Marte AU - Seto, Karen C. AU - Wilkinson, Cathy C4 - ff1fea07-c899-4e5f-aff2-76510d06c57b DO - 10.1007/978-94-007-7088-1 KW - added by ERG PB - Springer Netherlands PY - 2013 SN - 978-94-007-7088-1 SP - 755 ST - Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities, A Global Assessment TI - Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities, A Global Assessment ID - 23158 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elsen, Paul R. AU - Tingley, Morgan W. DA - 05/18/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2656 PY - 2015 SP - 772-776 ST - Global mountain topography and the fate of montane species under climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Global mountain topography and the fate of montane species under climate change VL - 5 ID - 23375 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The distribution of carbon (C) within a salt marsh may vary among vegetation zones depending on production and decomposition dynamics and organic and mineral depositional history. We examined spatial and temporal variation of plant and soil C pools within a salt marsh fringing a coastal lagoon along the mid-Atlantic coast of the U.S. The total plant C pool increased from high marsh shrub to low marsh grass dominated areas. Much of the spatial variation in plant C pool was due to fine roots and small organic matter (dlm) that could not be identified by species, which averaged 2398 g C m−2 in Spartina patens-dominated, 2215 g C m−2 in Spartina alterniflora-dominated, and 676 g C m−2 in Juncus roemerianus-dominated areas. Belowground C pool loss was 36% less for S. patens than S. alterniflora and was similar between S. alterniflora and J. roemerianus. Accretion and C accumulation rates were greater in the S. alterniflora-dominated stand than in the J. roemerianus-dominated stand. Our results suggest that landward migration onto terrestrial soils can lead to an estimated 80% increase in belowground plant C composed primarily of fine roots and dlm and 36–70% increase in soil carbon between 15 and 30 cm depths. AU - Elsey-Quirk, Tracy AU - Seliskar, Denise M. AU - Sommerfield, Christopher K. AU - Gallagher, John L. DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s13157-010-0139-2 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2011 SN - 1943-6246 SP - 87-99 ST - Salt marsh carbon pool distribution in a mid-Atlantic lagoon, USA: Sea level rise implications T2 - Wetlands TI - Salt marsh carbon pool distribution in a mid-Atlantic lagoon, USA: Sea level rise implications VL - 31 ID - 21836 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The authors analyze the historical record of tornado reports in the United States and find evidence for changes in tornado climatology possibly related to global warming. They do this by examining the annual number of days with many tornadoes and the ratio of these days to days with at least one tornado and by examining the annual proportion of tornadoes occurring on days with many tornadoes. Additional evidence of a changing tornado climate is presented by considering tornadoes in geographic clusters and by analyzing the density of tornadoes within the clusters. There is a consistent decrease in the number of days with at least one tornado at the same time as an increase in the number of days with many tornadoes. These changes are interpreted as an increasing proportion of tornadoes occurring on days with many tornadoes. Coincident with these temporal changes are increases in tornado density as defined by the number of tornadoes per area. Trends are insensitive to the begin year of the analysis. The bottom line is that the risk of big tornado days featuring densely concentrated tornado outbreaks is on the rise. The results are broadly consistent with numerical modeling studies that project increases in convective energy within the tornado environment. AU - Elsner, James B. AU - Elsner, Svetoslava C. AU - Jagger, Thomas H. DO - 10.1007/s00382-014-2277-3 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 651-659 ST - The increasing efficiency of tornado days in the United States T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - The increasing efficiency of tornado days in the United States VL - 45 ID - 19408 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pacific Northwest (PNW) hydrology is particularly sensitive to changes in climate because snowmelt dominates seasonal runoff, and temperature changes impact the rain/snow balance. Based on results from the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4), we updated previous studies of implications of climate change on PNW hydrology. PNW 21st century hydrology was simulated using 20 Global Climate Models (GCMs) and 2 greenhouse gas emissions scenarios over Washington and the greater Columbia River watershed, with additional focus on the Yakima River watershed and the Puget Sound which are particularly sensitive to climate change. We evaluated projected changes in snow water equivalent (SWE), soil moisture, runoff, and streamflow for A1B and B1 emissions scenarios for the 2020s, 2040s, and 2080s. April 1 SWE is projected to decrease by approximately 38–46% by the 2040s (compared with the mean over water years 1917–2006), based on composite scenarios of B1 and A1B, respectively, which represent average effects of all climate models. In three relatively warm transient watersheds west of the Cascade crest, April 1 SWE is projected to almost completely disappear by the 2080s. By the 2080s, seasonal streamflow timing will shift significantly in both snowmelt dominant and rain–snow mixed watersheds. Annual runoff across the State is projected to increase by 2–3% by the 2040s; these changes are mainly driven by projected increases in winter precipitation. AU - Elsner, M.M. AU - Cuo, L. AU - Voisin, N. AU - Deems, J.S. AU - Hamlet, A.F. AU - Vano, J.A. AU - Mickelson, K.E.B. AU - Lee, S.Y. AU - Lettenmaier, D.P. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-010-9855-0 IS - 1-2 PY - 2010 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 225-260 ST - Implications of 21st century climate change for the hydrology of Washington State T2 - Climatic Change TI - Implications of 21st century climate change for the hydrology of Washington State VL - 102 ID - 13263 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We estimate, for current and future climates, the annual probability of areally averaged hurricane rain of Hurricane Harvey’s magnitude by downscaling large numbers of tropical cyclones from three climate reanalyses and six climate models. For the state of Texas, we estimate that the annual probability of 500 mm of area-integrated rainfall was about 1% in the period 1981–2000 and will increase to 18% over the period 2081–2100 under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5 representative concentration pathway 8.5. If the frequency of such event is increasingly linearly between these two periods, then in 2017 the annual probability would be 6%, a sixfold increase since the late 20th century. AU - Emanuel, Kerry DA - November 28, 2017 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1716222114 IS - 48 PY - 2017 SP - 12681-12684 ST - Assessing the present and future probability of Hurricane Harvey’s rainfall T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Assessing the present and future probability of Hurricane Harvey’s rainfall VL - 114 ID - 23318 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Hurricane track forecasts have improved steadily over the past few decades, yet forecasting hurricane intensity remains challenging. Of special concern are the rare instances of tropical cyclones that intensify rapidly just before landfall, catching forecasters and populations off guard, thereby risking large casualties. Here, we review two historical examples of such events and use scaling arguments and models to show that rapid intensification just before landfall is likely to become increasingly frequent and severe as the globe warms. AU - Emanuel, Kerry DO - 10.1175/bams-d-16-0134.1 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SP - 495-501 ST - Will global warming make hurricane forecasting more difficult? T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Will global warming make hurricane forecasting more difficult? VL - 98 ID - 26321 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A recently developed technique for simulating large [O(104)] numbers of tropical cyclones in climate states described by global gridded data is applied to simulations of historical and future climate states simulated by six Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) global climate models. Tropical cyclones downscaled from the climate of the period 1950–2005 are compared with those of the 21st century in simulations that stipulate that the radiative forcing from greenhouse gases increases by over preindustrial values. In contrast to storms that appear explicitly in most global models, the frequency of downscaled tropical cyclones increases during the 21st century in most locations. The intensity of such storms, as measured by their maximum wind speeds, also increases, in agreement with previous results. Increases in tropical cyclone activity are most prominent in the western North Pacific, but are evident in other regions except for the southwestern Pacific. The increased frequency of events is consistent with increases in a genesis potential index based on monthly mean global model output. These results are compared and contrasted with other inferences concerning the effect of global warming on tropical cyclones. AU - Emanuel, Kerry A. DA - July 23, 2013 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1301293110 IS - 30 PY - 2013 SP - 12219-12224 ST - Downscaling CMIP5 climate models shows increased tropical cyclone activity over the 21st century T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Downscaling CMIP5 climate models shows increased tropical cyclone activity over the 21st century VL - 110 ID - 19731 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A growing body of research focuses on climate change and Indigenous peoples. However, relatively little of this work focuses on Native American tribes living in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the United States. The Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina is a large (60,000 member) Native American tribe located on the Coastal Plain in present day North Carolina (U.S.). The tribe has deep connections to the Lumbee River, which flows through a watershed dominated by extensive forested wetlands. In this paper, I outline key issues associated with climate change and water in the region, and I use long-term climatic and hydrologic datasets and analysis to establish context for understanding historical climate change in the Lumbee River watershed. Downscaled climate model outputs for the region show how further changes may affect the hydrologic balance of the watershed. I discuss these changes in terms of environmental degradation and potential impacts on Lumbee culture and persistence, which has remained strong through centuries of adversity and has also experienced a resurgence in recent years. I close by acknowledging the especially vulnerable position of the Lumbee Tribe as a non-federal tribe that lacks access to certain resources, statutory protections, and policies aimed at helping Native American tribes deal with climate change and other environmental challenges. AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. DO - 10.1111/j.1936-704X.2018.03271.x IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - 79-93 ST - Climate change in the Lumbee River watershed and potential impacts on the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina T2 - Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education TI - Climate change in the Lumbee River watershed and potential impacts on the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina VL - 163 ID - 25994 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) has been proposed as a basis for enhanced understanding of ecological systems and their management. TEK also can contribute to targeted inventories of resources not included in standard mensuration. We discuss the results of a cooperative effort between the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC) and USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA). At the urging of member tribes, GLIFWC staff worked with tribal gatherers to document TEK regarding desired characteristics of birch bark for traditional uses and translated this into an inventory field guide. The guide was provided to FIA, which incorporated the methods into its field manual and trained inventory crews in implementation of the protocol. Birch bark data were collected during three field seasons from 2004 to 2006. Results show birch bark supply has declined. Lessons learned from this multiyear, multistage project provide a model for future targeted inventory efforts. AU - Emery, Marla R. AU - Wrobel, Alexandra AU - Hansen, Mark H. AU - Dockry, Michael AU - Moser, W. Keith AU - Stark, Kekek Jason AU - Gilbert, Jonathan H. DA - // DO - 10.5849/jof.13-023 IS - 2 KW - American Indians Betula papyrifera forest inventory and monitoring nontimber forest products traditional ecological knowledge PY - 2014 SP - 207-214 ST - Using traditional ecological knowledge as a basis for targeted forest inventories: Paper birch (Betula papyrifera) in the US Great Lakes region T2 - Journal of Forestry TI - Using traditional ecological knowledge as a basis for targeted forest inventories: Paper birch (Betula papyrifera) in the US Great Lakes region VL - 112 ID - 21237 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Emrich, Christopher T. AU - Morath, Daniel P. AU - Bowser, Gregg C. AU - Reeves, Rachel CY - Tallahassee, FL PB - Florida Department of Health PY - 2014 SP - various ST - Climate-Sensitive Hazards in Florida: Identifying and Prioritizing Threats to Build Resilience Against Climate Effects TI - Climate-Sensitive Hazards in Florida: Identifying and Prioritizing Threats to Build Resilience Against Climate Effects UR - http://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/climate-and-health/_documents/climate-sensitive-hazards-in-florida-final-report.pdf ID - 24427 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Engelhart, Simon E. AU - Horton, Benjamin P. DA - 10/26/ DO - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.013 KW - Holocene Salt marsh Relative sea level Laurentide Ice Sheet United States Atlantic coast Glacial isostatic adjustment PY - 2012 SN - 0277-3791 SP - 12-25 ST - Holocene sea level database for the Atlantic coast of the United States T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews TI - Holocene sea level database for the Atlantic coast of the United States VL - 54 ID - 20631 ER - TY - RPRT AU - England, John F. AU - Cohn, Timothy A. AU - Faber, Beth A. AU - Stedinger, Jery R. AU - Thomas, Wilbert O., Jr. AU - Veilleux, Andrea G. AU - Kiang, Julie E. AU - Mason, Robert R., Jr. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/tm4B5 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2018 SP - various ST - Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency: Bulletin 17C TI - Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency: Bulletin 17C ID - 25407 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Engle, Nathan L. DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.019 IS - 2 PY - 2011 SP - 647-656 ST - Adaptive capacity and its assessment T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Adaptive capacity and its assessment VL - 21 ID - 19323 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coastal wetlands contribute to human well-being by providing many ecosystem services. The GOM region continues to experience substantial losses of coastal wetlands, but the magnitude of reduction in ecosystem services resulting from the loss of GOM coastal wetlands is unknown. To gain an appreciation of the impact of GOM coastal wetland loss on ecosystem services, recent literature was reviewed to derive quantitative estimates of ecosystem services provided by GOM coastal wetlands. GOM coastal wetlands provide essential habitat for the production of juvenile shrimp, which supports the GOM’s most valuable commercial fishery; protect coastal communities from storm surge; improve water quality by removing nitrogen from surface waters; and are valuable sinks for greenhouse gases due to high rates of carbon sequestration combined with low rates of methane emission. Using 1998 to 2004 as a baseline, the potential loss of ecosystem services associated with loss of coastal wetlands is presented. Additional research is needed to quantify wetland services at multiple geospatial and socioeconomic scales, to determine the effect of wetland loss on ecosystem services, and to demonstrate the impact of future management decisions on the capacity of GOM coastal wetlands to provide services that affect human well-being. AU - Engle, Virginia D. DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s13157-010-0132-9 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2011 SN - 1943-6246 SP - 179-193 ST - Estimating the provision of ecosystem services by Gulf of Mexico coastal wetlands T2 - Wetlands TI - Estimating the provision of ecosystem services by Gulf of Mexico coastal wetlands VL - 31 ID - 24316 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Enochs, I. C. AU - Manzello, D. P. AU - Donham, E. M. AU - Kolodziej, G. AU - Okano, R. AU - Johnston, L. AU - Young, C. AU - Iguel, J. AU - Edwards, C. B. AU - Fox, M. D. AU - Valentino, L. AU - Johnson, S. AU - Benavente, D. AU - Clark, S. J. AU - Carlton, R. AU - Burton, T. AU - Eynaud, Y. AU - Price, N. N. DA - 08/10/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2758 PY - 2015 SP - 1083-1088 ST - Shift from coral to macroalgae dominance on a volcanically acidified reef T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Shift from coral to macroalgae dominance on a volcanically acidified reef VL - 5 ID - 24853 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Natural resource professionals in the United States recognize that climate-induced changes in phenology can substantially affect resource management. This is reflected in national climate change response plans recently released by major resource agencies. However, managers on-the-ground are often unclear about how to use phenological information to inform their management practices. Until recently, this was at least partially due to the lack of broad-based, standardized phenology data collection across taxa and geographic regions. Such efforts are now underway, albeit in very early stages. Nonetheless, a major hurdle still exists: phenology-linked climate change research has focused more on describing broad ecological changes rather than making direct connections to local to regional management concerns. To help researchers better design relevant research for use in conservation and management decision-making processes, we describe phenology-related research topics that facilitate “actionable” science. Examples include research on evolution and phenotypic plasticity related to vulnerability, the demographic consequences of trophic mismatch, the role of invasive species, and building robust ecological forecast models. Such efforts will increase phenology literacy among on-the-ground resource managers and provide information relevant for short- and long-term decision-making, particularly as related to climate response planning and implementing climate-informed monitoring in the context of adaptive management. In sum, we argue that phenological information is a crucial component of the resource management toolbox that facilitates identification and evaluation of strategies that will reduce the vulnerability of natural systems to climate change. Management-savvy researchers can play an important role in reaching this goal. AU - Enquist, Carolyn A. F. AU - Kellermann, Jherime L. AU - Gerst, Katharine L. AU - Miller-Rushing, Abraham J. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s00484-013-0772-6 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1432-1254 SP - 579-589 ST - Phenology research for natural resource management in the United States T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology TI - Phenology research for natural resource management in the United States VL - 58 ID - 25730 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Environment and Climate Change Canada CY - Gatineau, Quebec N1 - ISBN: 978-1-100-25244-5 NV - En14-202/2016E-PDF PB - Environment and Climate Change Canada PY - 2016 RP - ISBN: 978-1-100-25244-5 SP - various ST - Technical Update to Environment and Climate Change Canada's Social Cost of Greenhouse Gas Estimates TI - Technical Update to Environment and Climate Change Canada's Social Cost of Greenhouse Gas Estimates UR - http://publications.gc.ca/pub?id=9.629765&sl=0 ID - 24512 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Environment and Climate Change Canada AU - the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2018 ST - 2017 Annual Climate Trends and Impacts Summary for the Great Lakes Basin TI - 2017 Annual Climate Trends and Impacts Summary for the Great Lakes Basin UR - https://binational.net/2018/07/10/ctis-ctic-2017/ ID - 26624 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Enwright, Nicholas M. AU - Griffith, Kereen T. AU - Osland, Michael J. DO - 10.1002/fee.1282 IS - 6 PY - 2016 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 307-316 ST - Barriers to and opportunities for landward migration of coastal wetlands with sea-level rise T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Barriers to and opportunities for landward migration of coastal wetlands with sea-level rise VL - 14 ID - 24315 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2000 (revised 2014) SN - EPA 240-R-00-003 SP - various ST - Guidelines for Preparing Economic Analyses TI - Guidelines for Preparing Economic Analyses UR - https://www.epa.gov/environmental-economics/guidelines-preparing-economic-analysis-2010-revised-2014 ID - 26085 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2002 SN - EPA/600/R-02/003 SP - 214 ST - A Lexicon of Cave and Karst Terminology with Special Reference to Environmental Karst Hydrology TI - A Lexicon of Cave and Karst Terminology with Special Reference to Environmental Karst Hydrology UR - https://karstwaters.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/lexicon-cave-karst.pdf ID - 26419 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Seattle, WA PB - Region 10 Office of Water PY - 2003 SN - EPA 910-B-03-002 SP - 49 ST - EPA Region 10 Guidance for Pacific Northwest State and Tribal Temperature Water Quality Standards TI - EPA Region 10 Guidance for Pacific Northwest State and Tribal Temperature Water Quality Standards UR - https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1004IUI.PDF?Dockey=P1004IUI.PDF ID - 26511 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water PY - 2004 SN - EPA 833-R-04-001 ST - Report to Congress: Impacts and Control of CSOs and SSOs TI - Report to Congress: Impacts and Control of CSOs and SSOs UR - http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/npdes/cso/2004-Report-to-Congress.cfm ID - 18442 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Research Triangle Park, NC PB - National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2009 SN - EPA/600/R-08/139F ST - Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter TI - Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter UR - http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=216546 ID - 18616 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2010 SP - various ST - Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sediment TI - Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sediment UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/cbay_final_tmdl_exec_sum_section_1_through_3_final_0.pdf ID - 26279 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Research Triangle Park, NC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development PY - 2013 SN - EPA 600/R-10/076F SP - 1251 ST - Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants TI - Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants UR - http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/isa/recordisplay.cfm?deid=247492 ID - 18813 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC NV - EPA 816-R-13-006 PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water PY - 2013 SP - 70 ST - Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment. Fifth report to Congress TI - Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment. Fifth report to Congress UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/epa816r13006.pdf ID - 21553 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2013 SN - EPA/600/R-12/058F SP - various ST - Watershed Modeling to Assess the Sensitivity of Streamflow, Nutrient, and Sediment Loads to Potential Climate Change and Urban Development in 20 U.S. Watersheds (Final Report) TI - Watershed Modeling to Assess the Sensitivity of Streamflow, Nutrient, and Sediment Loads to Potential Climate Change and Urban Development in 20 U.S. Watersheds (Final Report) UR - https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/global/recordisplay.cfm?deid=256912 ID - 25219 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. EPA, Office of Water PY - 2014 SP - 120 ST - Being Prepared for Climate Change: A Workbook for Developing Risk-Based Adaptation Plans TI - Being Prepared for Climate Change: A Workbook for Developing Risk-Based Adaptation Plans UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-09/documents/being_prepared_workbook_508.pdf ID - 21322 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Research Triangle Park, NC NV - EPA-452/R-14-004a PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2014 SP - various ST - Health Risk and Exposure Assessment for Ozone: Final Report TI - Health Risk and Exposure Assessment for Ozone: Final Report UR - https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/ozone/data/20140829healthrea.pdf ID - 24231 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC NV - EPA 430-R-15-001 PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Atmospheric Programs PY - 2015 SP - 93 ST - Climate Change in the United States: Benefits of Global Action TI - Climate Change in the United States: Benefits of Global Action UR - https://www.epa.gov/cira/downloads-cira-report ID - 21925 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC KW - added by ERG PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2015 SN - EPA/600/R-14/383 SP - 52 ST - Systems Measures of Water Distribution System Resilience TI - Systems Measures of Water Distribution System Resilience UR - https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_file_download.cfm?p_download_id=521634&Lab=NHSRC ID - 23122 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC NV - EPA 800-Q-15-004 PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2015 SP - 2 ST - Case Study: Water and Wastewater Utilities Planning for Climate Change. Seminole Tribe of Florida TI - Case Study: Water and Wastewater Utilities Planning for Climate Change. Seminole Tribe of Florida UR - https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P100SHVY.txt ID - 24426 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC NV - EPA 430-R-15-001, section 3 PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Atmospheric Programs PY - 2015 SP - 10 ST - Climate Change in the United States: Benefits of Global Action. Health TI - Climate Change in the United States: Benefits of Global Action. Health UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/cirahealth.pdf ID - 25796 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Research Triangle Park, NC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards PY - 2015 SN - EPA-452/R-15-007 SP - various ST - Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Final Revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ground-Level Ozone TI - Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Final Revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ground-Level Ozone UR - https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0169-0057 ID - 25901 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2016 SN - EPA 430-R-16-004 SP - 96 ST - Climate Change Indicators in the United States, 2016. 4th edition TI - Climate Change Indicators in the United States, 2016. 4th edition UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-08/documents/climate_indicators_2016.pdf ID - 20357 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC NV - EPA 833-R-16-006 PB - U.S. EPA, Office of Wastewater Management PY - 2016 SP - 92 ST - Report to Congress: Combined Sewer Overflows into the Great Lakes Basin TI - Report to Congress: Combined Sewer Overflows into the Great Lakes Basin UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-05/documents/gls_cso_report_to_congress_-_4-12-2016.pdf ID - 21302 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2016 ST - Climate Change Indicators: Heavy Precipitation TI - Climate Change Indicators: Heavy Precipitation UR - https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heavy-precipitation ID - 23645 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2016 ST - Climate Change Indicators: Ragweed Pollen Season TI - Climate Change Indicators: Ragweed Pollen Season UR - https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-ragweed-pollen-season ID - 24227 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2016 ST - Climate Change Indicators: Wildfires TI - Climate Change Indicators: Wildfires UR - https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-wildfires ID - 24228 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC NV - EPA-420-R-16-008 PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2016 SP - 199 ST - Emissions Inventory for Air Quality Modeling Technical Support Document: Heavy-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Phase 2 Final Rule TI - Emissions Inventory for Air Quality Modeling Technical Support Document: Heavy-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Phase 2 Final Rule UR - https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P100PKEE.txt ID - 24229 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2016 ST - Air Quality Design Values: 2016 Design Value Reports [web site] TI - Air Quality Design Values: 2016 Design Value Reports [web site] UR - https://www.epa.gov/air-trends/air-quality-design-values#report ID - 24230 ER - TY - GOVDOC AU - EPA PY - 2016 TI - Climate Change Indicators in the United States, 2016. Fourth Edition. Technical Documentation Overview UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-08/documents/technical-documentation-overview-2016.pdf ID - 25130 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - EPA, Office of Wastewater Management PY - 2016 SN - EPA-830-R-15005 SP - various ST - Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2012: Report to Congress TI - Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2012: Report to Congress UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/cwns_2012_report_to_congress-508-opt.pdf ID - 25405 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Research Triangle Park, NC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2016 SP - various ST - 2014 National Emissions Inventory, Version 1. Technical Support Document TI - 2014 National Emissions Inventory, Version 1. Technical Support Document UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-12/documents/nei2014v1_tsd.pdf ID - 25900 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2016 SN - EPA 815-B-16-004 SP - 43 ST - Climate Resilience Evaluation and Awareness Tool (CREAT): Version 3.0 Methodology Guide TI - Climate Resilience Evaluation and Awareness Tool (CREAT): Version 3.0 Methodology Guide UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-05/documents/creat_3_0_methodology_guide_may_2016.pdf ID - 26079 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2017 SN - EPA 430-P-17-001 SP - 633 ST - Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2015 TI - Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2015 UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/2017_complete_report.pdf VL - 2017 ID - 20914 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC NV - EPA 430‐R‐17‐001 PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2017 SP - 271 ST - Multi-Model Framework for Quantitative Sectoral Impacts Analysis: A Technical Report for the Fourth National Climate Assessment TI - Multi-Model Framework for Quantitative Sectoral Impacts Analysis: A Technical Report for the Fourth National Climate Assessment UR - https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_Report.cfm?dirEntryId=335095 ID - 21365 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2017 ST - Creating Resilient Water Utilities (CRWU) TI - Creating Resilient Water Utilities (CRWU) UR - https://www.epa.gov/crwu ID - 21366 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC M1 - September 21, 2017 PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2017 ST - Climate Change: Resilience and Adaptation in New England (RAINE) TI - Climate Change: Resilience and Adaptation in New England (RAINE) UR - https://www.epa.gov/raine ID - 21887 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards PY - 2017 SP - 7 ST - Supplemental Information for Ozone Advance Areas Based On Pre-Existing National Modeling Analyses TI - Supplemental Information for Ozone Advance Areas Based On Pre-Existing National Modeling Analyses UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-05/documents/national_modeling.advance.may_2017.pdf ID - 21888 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment PY - 2017 SN - EPA/600/R-16/366F SP - various ST - Updates to the Demographic and Spatial Allocation Models to Produce Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios (ICLUS) Version 2 TI - Updates to the Demographic and Spatial Allocation Models to Produce Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios (ICLUS) Version 2 UR - https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/risk/recordisplay.cfm?deid=322479 ID - 22557 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC KW - urban adaptation smart growth climate change M1 - EPA 231-R-17-001 NV - http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/saving-science PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2017 SP - 84 ST - Smart Growth Fixes for Climate Adaptation and Resilience TI - Smart Growth Fixes for Climate Adaptation and Resilience UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/smart_growth_fixes_climate_adaptation_resilience.pdf ID - 22867 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC M1 - September 15 PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2017 ST - Green Infrastructure Cost-Benefit Resources [web site] TI - Green Infrastructure Cost-Benefit Resources [web site] UR - https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure/green-infrastructure-cost-benefit-resources VL - 2017 ID - 24158 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2017 ST - National Air Quality: Status and Trends of Key Air Pollutants [web site] TI - National Air Quality: Status and Trends of Key Air Pollutants [web site] UR - https://www.epa.gov/air-trends ID - 24226 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA CY - Dallas, TX PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2017 ST - Hurricane Harvey 2017 [web site] TI - Hurricane Harvey 2017 [web site] UR - https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=12353 ID - 25929 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. EPA PY - 2017 SN - EPA Grant Number: R835604 ST - Identifying, Assessing and Adapting to Climate Change Impacts to Yurok Water and Aquatic Resources, Food Security and Tribal Health TI - Identifying, Assessing and Adapting to Climate Change Impacts to Yurok Water and Aquatic Resources, Food Security and Tribal Health UR - https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/10249/report/0 ID - 25999 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA CY - New York PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 2 PY - 2017 ST - EPA's Hurricane Maria Response [web story] TI - EPA's Hurricane Maria Response [web story] UR - https://arcg.is/eKze4 ID - 26097 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2017 ST - Climate Change Impacts by State [web site] TI - Climate Change Impacts by State [web site] UR - https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-change-impacts-state_.html ID - 26137 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2017 ST - Climate Change Indicators: Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases TI - Climate Change Indicators: Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases UR - https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-atmospheric-concentrations-greenhouse-gases ID - 26762 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PY - 2018 SN - EPA 430-P-18-001 SP - various ST - Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2016 TI - Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2016 UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-01/documents/2018_complete_report.pdf ID - 25217 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2018 ST - EJSCREEN: Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool [web tool] TI - EJSCREEN: Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool [web tool] UR - https://www.epa.gov/ejscreen ID - 25478 ER - TY - WEB AU - EPA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2018 ST - CREAT Risk Assessment Application for Water Utilities [web site] TI - CREAT Risk Assessment Application for Water Utilities [web site] UR - https://www.epa.gov/crwu/creat-risk-assessment-application-water-utilities ID - 26465 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EPRI CY - Palo Alto PB - EPRI PY - 2015 SN - 3002005831 SP - 28 ST - CO2 Mitigation for Climate Risk Management TI - CO2 Mitigation for Climate Risk Management UR - https://www.epri.com/#/pages/product/000000003002005831/ ID - 25215 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Erbs, Martin AU - Manderscheid, Remy AU - Jansen, Gisela AU - Seddig, Sylvia AU - Pacholski, Andreas AU - Weigel, Hans-Joachim DA - 2010/02/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2009.11.009 IS - 1-2 KW - Elevated carbon dioxide FACE Microelements Stoichiometry PY - 2010 SN - 0167-8809 SP - 59-68 ST - Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment and nitrogen supply on grain quality parameters and elemental composition of wheat and barley grown in a crop rotation T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment TI - Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment and nitrogen supply on grain quality parameters and elemental composition of wheat and barley grown in a crop rotation VL - 136 ID - 25965 ER - TY - WEB AU - ERCOT PB - Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) PY - 2017 ST - ERCOT Responds to Hurricane Harvey [web page] TI - ERCOT Responds to Hurricane Harvey [web page] UR - http://www.ercot.com/help/harvey ID - 25305 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Erdman, Jon DA - August 16 PY - 2016 ST - 18 Major Flood Events Have Hit Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas Since March 2015 T2 - The Weather Channel TI - 18 Major Flood Events Have Hit Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas Since March 2015 UR - https://weather.com/storms/severe/news/flood-fatigue-2015-2016-texas-louisiana-oklahoma ID - 25790 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns caused by global climate change may have profound impacts on the ecology of certain infectious diseases. We examine the potential impacts of climate change on the transmission and maintenance dynamics of dengue, a resurging mosquito-vectored infectious disease. In particular, we project changes in dengue season length for three cities: Atlanta, GA; Chicago, IL and Lubbock, TX. These cities are located on the edges of the range of the Asian tiger mosquito within the United States of America and were chosen as test cases. We use a disease model that explicitly incorporates mosquito population dynamics and high-resolution climate projections. Based on projected changes under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1fi (higher) and B1 (lower) emission scenarios as simulated by four global climate models, we found that the projected warming shortened mosquito lifespan, which in turn decreased the potential dengue season. These results illustrate the difficulty in predicting how climate change may alter complex systems. AN - WOS:000309555300004 AU - Erickson, R. A. AU - Hayhoe, K. AU - Presley, S. M. AU - Allen, L. J. S. AU - Long, K. R. AU - Cox, S. B. C6 - NIEHS C7 - 034003 DA - Jul-Sep DB - DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034003 DP - CCII Web of Science IS - 3 KW - climate change vector-borne diseases vector ecology infectious-diseases human health model establishment population diptera fever LA - English M3 - Article PY - 2012 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1748-9326 ST - Potential impacts of climate change on the ecology of dengue and its mosquito vector the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Potential impacts of climate change on the ecology of dengue and its mosquito vector the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) VL - 7 ID - 4385 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eriksen, S.K. AU - Aldunce, P. AU - Bahinipati, C. S. AU - D’Almeida Martins, R. AU - Molefe, J. I. AU - Nhemachena, C. AU - O’Brien, K. AU - Olorunfemi, F. AU - Park, J. AU - Sygna, L. AU - Ulsrud, K. C6 - NCA DO - 10.3763/cdev.2010.0060 IS - 1 PY - 2011 SN - 1756-5529 SP - 7-20 ST - When not every response to climate change is a good one: Identifying principles of sustainable adaptation T2 - Climate and Development TI - When not every response to climate change is a good one: Identifying principles of sustainable adaptation VL - 3 ID - 13320 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Erikson, L. H. AU - Hegermiller, C. A. AU - Barnard, P. L. AU - Ruggiero, P. AU - van Ormondt, M. DA - 12// DO - 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.004 IS - Part 1 KW - Wave climate GCMs Climate change Eastern North Pacific PY - 2015 SN - 1463-5003 SP - 171-185 ST - Projected wave conditions in the Eastern North Pacific under the influence of two CMIP5 climate scenarios T2 - Ocean Modelling TI - Projected wave conditions in the Eastern North Pacific under the influence of two CMIP5 climate scenarios VL - 96 ID - 20144 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ernst, Kathleen M. AU - Preston, Benjamin L. DA - 4// DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2017.01.001 KW - Climate change Energy Water Adaptation Decision-making Scale PY - 2017 SN - 1462-9011 SP - 38-45 ST - Adaptation opportunities and constraints in coupled systems: Evidence from the U.S. energy-water nexus T2 - Environmental Science & Policy TI - Adaptation opportunities and constraints in coupled systems: Evidence from the U.S. energy-water nexus VL - 70 ID - 21444 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ERS CY - Washington, DC NV - Economic Information Bulletin 171 PB - USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) PY - 2017 SP - 6 ST - Rural Education At A Glance, 2017 Edition TI - Rural Education At A Glance, 2017 Edition UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/83078/eib-171.pdf?v=42830 ID - 23606 ER - TY - WEB AU - ERS CY - Washington, DC PB - USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) PY - 2017 ST - County Economic Types, 2015 Edition [website] TI - County Economic Types, 2015 Edition [website] UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/county-typology-codes/descriptions-and-maps/ ID - 25573 ER - TY - WEB AU - ERS CY - Washington, DC PB - USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) PY - 2017 SP - 6 ST - Nonmetro County Poverty Rates, 2011-2015 Average [chart] TI - Nonmetro County Poverty Rates, 2011-2015 Average [chart] UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/gallery/chart-detail/?chartId=82280 ID - 26131 ER - TY - WEB AU - ERS CY - Washington, DC M1 - April 25 PB - USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) PY - 2017 ST - Atlas of Rural and Small-Town America [web tool] TI - Atlas of Rural and Small-Town America [web tool] UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/atlas-of-rural-and-small-town-america/ ID - 26341 ER - TY - WEB AU - ERS CY - Washington, DC PB - USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) PY - 2018 ST - Nonmetro Population Change, 2010–17 [chart] TI - Nonmetro Population Change, 2010–17 [chart] UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/gallery/chart-detail/?chartId=60121 ID - 26132 ER - TY - WEB AU - ERS CY - Washington, DC PB - USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) PY - 2018 ST - U.S. Agricultural Trade at a Glance [web site] TI - U.S. Agricultural Trade at a Glance [web site] UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/international-markets-us-trade/us-agricultural-trade/us-agricultural-trade-at-a-glance/ ID - 26133 ER - TY - WEB AU - ERS CY - Washington, DC M1 - March 14 PB - USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) PY - 2018 ST - Rural Poverty & Well-Being: Geography of Poverty TI - Rural Poverty & Well-Being: Geography of Poverty UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/rural-poverty-well-being/#geography ID - 26340 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ESL CY - Kingston, Jamaica PB - Environmental Solutions Limited (ESL) PY - 2015 SP - 70 ST - The Regional Training Workshops in the Conduct of Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (VCA) Studies in Caribbean Countries. Final report TI - The Regional Training Workshops in the Conduct of Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (VCA) Studies in Caribbean Countries. Final report UR - http://dms.caribbeanclimate.bz/M-Files/openfile.aspx?objtype=0&docid=6512 ID - 26445 ER - TY - JOUR AB - OBJECTIVES: We present regional patterns and trends in all-cause mortality and leading causes of death in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). METHODS: US National Death Index records were linked with Indian Health Service (IHS) registration records to identify AI/AN deaths misclassified as non-AI/AN. We analyzed temporal trends for 1990 to 2009 and comparisons between non-Hispanic AI/AN and non-Hispanic White persons by geographic region for 1999 to 2009. Results focus on IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties in which less race misclassification occurs. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2009 AI/AN persons did not experience the significant decreases in all-cause mortality seen for Whites. For 1999 to 2009 the all-cause death rate in CHSDA counties for AI/AN persons was 46% more than that for Whites. Death rates for AI/AN persons varied as much as 50% among regions. Except for heart disease and cancer, subsequent ranking of specific causes of death differed considerably between AI/AN and White persons. CONCLUSIONS: AI/AN populations continue to experience much higher death rates than Whites. Patterns of mortality are strongly influenced by the high incidence of diabetes, smoking prevalence, problem drinking, and social determinants. Much of the observed excess mortality can be addressed through known public health interventions. AD - David K. Espey, Melissa A. Jim, Don Haverkamp, and Marcus Plescia are with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. At the time of the study, Nathaniel Cobb was with and Michael Bartholomew is currently with the Division of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention, Indian Health Service (IHS), Rockville, MD. Tom Becker is with Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland. David K. Espey is also a guest editor for this supplement issue. AU - Espey, D. K. AU - Jim, M. A. AU - Cobb, N. AU - Bartholomew, M. AU - Becker, T. AU - Haverkamp, D. AU - Plescia, M. C2 - Pmc4035872 DA - Jun DO - 10.2105/ajph.2013.301798 DP - NLM ET - 2014/04/24 IS - S3 KW - Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Alaska/epidemiology *Cause of Death Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Indians, North American/*statistics & numerical data Infant Infant, Newborn Inuits/*statistics & numerical data Male Middle Aged Mortality/trends United States/epidemiology LA - eng N1 - 1541-0048 Espey, David K Jim, Melissa A Cobb, Nathaniel Bartholomew, Michael Becker, Tom Haverkamp, Don Plescia, Marcus Journal Article United States Am J Public Health. 2014 Jun;104 Suppl 3:S303-11. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301798. Epub 2014 Apr 22. PY - 2014 RN - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4035872/pdf/AJPH.2013.301798.pdf SN - 0090-0036 SP - S303-S311 ST - Leading causes of death and all-cause mortality in American Indians and Alaska Natives T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Leading causes of death and all-cause mortality in American Indians and Alaska Natives VL - 104 ID - 19082 ER - TY - WEB AU - ESRL CY - Boulder, CO PB - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) PY - 2017 ST - NOAA Climate Change Portal TI - NOAA Climate Change Portal UR - https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/ipcc/ ID - 21884 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forage fish provide substantial benefits to both humans and ocean food webs, but these benefits may be in conflict unless there are effective policies governing human activities, such as fishing. Collapses of forage fish induce widespread ecological effects on dependent predators, but attributing collapses to fishing has been difficult because of natural fluctuations of these stocks. We implicate fishing in forage fish stock collapses by showing that high fishing rates are maintained when stock productivity is in rapid decline. As a consequence, the magnitude and frequency but not duration of stock collapses are far greater than expected from natural fluctuations. Risk-based management policies would provide substantial ecological benefits with little effect on fishery catches.Forage fish support the largest fisheries in the world but also play key roles in marine food webs by transferring energy from plankton to upper trophic-level predators, such as large fish, seabirds, and marine mammals. Fishing can, thereby, have far reaching consequences on marine food webs unless safeguards are in place to avoid depleting forage fish to dangerously low levels, where dependent predators are most vulnerable. However, disentangling the contributions of fishing vs. natural processes on population dynamics has been difficult because of the sensitivity of these stocks to environmental conditions. Here, we overcome this difficulty by collating population time series for forage fish populations that account for nearly two-thirds of global catch of forage fish to identify the fingerprint of fisheries on their population dynamics. Forage fish population collapses shared a set of common and unique characteristics: high fishing pressure for several years before collapse, a sharp drop in natural population productivity, and a lagged response to reduce fishing pressure. Lagged response to natural productivity declines can sharply amplify the magnitude of naturally occurring population fluctuations. Finally, we show that the magnitude and frequency of collapses are greater than expected from natural productivity characteristics and therefore, likely attributed to fishing. The durations of collapses, however, were not different from those expected based on natural productivity shifts. A risk-based management scheme that reduces fishing when populations become scarce would protect forage fish and their predators from collapse with little effect on long-term average catches. AU - Essington, Timothy E. AU - Moriarty, Pamela E. AU - Froehlich, Halley E. AU - Hodgson, Emma E. AU - Koehn, Laura E. AU - Oken, Kiva L. AU - Siple, Margaret C. AU - Stawitz, Christine C. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1422020112 IS - 21 PY - 2015 SP - 6648-6652 ST - Fishing amplifies forage fish population collapses T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Fishing amplifies forage fish population collapses VL - 112 ID - 25494 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Estrada, Francisco AU - Botzen, W. J. Wouter AU - Tol, Richard S. J. DA - 06//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate3301 IS - 6 M3 - Letter PY - 2017 SN - 1758-678X SP - 403-406 ST - A global economic assessment of city policies to reduce climate change impacts T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - A global economic assessment of city policies to reduce climate change impacts VL - 7 ID - 21835 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Estimates of the global economic impacts of observed climate change during the 20th century obtained by applying five impact functions of different integrated assessment models (IAMs) are separated into their main natural and anthropogenic components. The estimates of the costs that can be attributed to natural variability factors and to the anthropogenic intervention with the climate system in general tend to show that: 1) during the first half of the century, the amplitude of the impacts associated with natural variability is considerably larger than that produced by anthropogenic factors and the effects of natural variability fluctuated between being negative and positive. These non-monotonic impacts are mostly determined by the low-frequency variability and the persistence of the climate system; 2) IAMs do not agree on the sign (nor on the magnitude) of the impacts of anthropogenic forcing but indicate that they steadily grew over the first part of the century, rapidly accelerated since the mid 1970's, and decelerated during the first decade of the 21st century. This deceleration is accentuated by the existence of interaction effects between natural variability and natural and anthropogenic forcing. The economic impacts of anthropogenic forcing range in the tenths of percentage of the world GDP by the end of the 20th century; 3) the impacts of natural forcing are about one order of magnitude lower than those associated with anthropogenic forcing and are dominated by the solar forcing; 4) the interaction effects between natural and anthropogenic factors can importantly modulate how impacts actually occur, at least for moderate increases in external forcing. Human activities became dominant drivers of the estimated economic impacts at the end of the 20th century, producing larger impacts than those of low-frequency natural variability. Some of the uses and limitations of IAMs are discussed. AU - Estrada, Francisco AU - Tol, Richard S. J. AU - Botzen, Wouter J. W. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0172201 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SP - e0172201 ST - Global economic impacts of climate variability and change during the 20th century T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Global economic impacts of climate variability and change during the 20th century VL - 12 ID - 25755 ER - TY - RPRT AU - European Environment Agency CY - Luxembourg DO - 10.2800/534806 N1 - ISBN 978-92-9213-835-6 PB - European Environment Agency PY - 2017 RP - ISBN 978-92-9213-835-6 SN - EEA Report No 1/2017 SP - 419 ST - Climate Change, Impacts and Vulnerability in Europe 2016: An Indicator-Based Report TI - Climate Change, Impacts and Vulnerability in Europe 2016: An Indicator-Based Report UR - https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/climate-change-impacts-and-vulnerability-2016 ID - 26010 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Evans, Alexander M. AU - Lynch, Michael AU - Clark, Fred AU - Mickel, Genesis M. AU - Chapman, Kim AU - Tiller, Elizabeth R. AU - Haynes, Monica CY - Madison, WI PB - Forest Stewards Guild PY - 2016 SP - various ST - Economic and Ecological Effects of Forest Practices and Harvesting Constraints on Wisconsin’s Forest Resources and Economy TI - Economic and Ecological Effects of Forest Practices and Harvesting Constraints on Wisconsin’s Forest Resources and Economy UR - https://councilonforestry.wi.gov/Documents/PracticesStudy/WFPSForestStewardsGuild2016.pdf ID - 21266 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - Crittenden, John A2 - Hendrickson, Chris A2 - Wallace, Bill AU - Evans, Christopher AU - Wong, Angela AU - Snow, Cassandra AU - Choate, Anne AU - Rodehorst, Beth CY - Long Beach, CA DA - November 6-8 DO - 10.1061/9780784478745.019 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers PY - 2014 SP - 215-228 T2 - International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure 2014: Creating Infrastructure for a Sustainable World TI - Indicator-based vulnerability screening for improving infrastructure resilience to climate change risks ID - 24592 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Evans, Daniel M. AU - Che-Castaldo, Judy P. AU - Crouse, Deborah AU - Davis, Frank W. AU - Epanchin-Niell, Rebecca AU - Flather, Curtis H. AU - Frohlich, R. Kipp AU - Goble, Dale D. AU - Li, Ya Wei AU - Male, Timothy D. AU - Master, Lawrence L. AU - Moskwik, Matthew P. AU - Neel, Maile C. AU - Noon, Barry R. AU - Parmesan, Camille AU - Schwartz, Mark W. AU - Scott, J. Michael AU - Williams, Byron K. IS - 20 PY - 2016 SP - 1-28 ST - Species recovery in the United States: Increasing the effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act T2 - Issues in Ecology TI - Species recovery in the United States: Increasing the effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act UR - https://www.esa.org/esa/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Issue20.pdf VL - 2016 ID - 26489 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Evans, Jason M. AU - Gambill, Jill AU - McDowell, Robin J. AU - Prichard, P. Warwick AU - Hopkinson, Charles S. CY - Athens, GA DO - 10.13140/RG.2.1.3825.9604/1 PB - NOAA, Georgia Sea Grant PY - 2016 SP - 82 ST - Tybee Island: Sea Level Rise Adaptation Plan TI - Tybee Island: Sea Level Rise Adaptation Plan ID - 24423 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Evans, Peter C. AU - Fox-Penner, Peter IS - 5 KW - Imported by ERG PY - 2014 SP - 48-54 ST - Resilient and sustainable infrastructure for urban energy systems T2 - Solutions Journal TI - Resilient and sustainable infrastructure for urban energy systems UR - https://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/article/resilient-and-sustainable-infrastructure-for-urban-energy-systems/ VL - 5 ID - 23091 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Evans, W. AU - Mathis, J. T. AU - Cross, J. N. DO - 10.5194/bg-11-365-2014 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 365-379 ST - Calcium carbonate corrosivity in an Alaskan inland sea T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Calcium carbonate corrosivity in an Alaskan inland sea VL - 11 ID - 20677 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Evans, Wiley AU - Mathis, Jeremy T. AU - Ramsay, Jacqueline AU - Hetrick, Jeff DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0130384 IS - 7 PY - 2015 SP - e0130384 ST - On the frontline: Tracking ocean acidification in an Alaskan shellfish hatchery T2 - PLOS ONE TI - On the frontline: Tracking ocean acidification in an Alaskan shellfish hatchery VL - 10 ID - 22196 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Ewel, John J. AU - Whitmore, Jacob L. CY - Rio Piedras, PR NV - Forest Service Research Paper ITF-018 PB - USDA Forest Service, Institute of Tropical Forestry PY - 1973 SP - 72 ST - The Ecological Life Zones of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands TI - The Ecological Life Zones of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/5551 ID - 25080 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wood, Eric M. A2 - Kellermann, Jherime L. AU - Ewert, DavidN AU - Hall, KimberlyR AU - Smith, RobertJ AU - Rodewald, PaulG C4 - d19382cb-6fd4-47f1-b3e2-a1f93a64bbfb PB - CRC Press PY - 2015 SN - 978-1-4822-4030-6 SP - 17-46 ST - Landbird stopover in the Great Lakes region: Integrating habitat use and climate change in conservation T2 - Phenological Synchrony and Bird Migration T3 - Studies in Avian Biology TI - Landbird stopover in the Great Lakes region: Integrating habitat use and climate change in conservation Y2 - 2017/09/19 ID - 21242 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Exec. Order No. 13508 of May 12 2009 PY - 2009 ST - Chesapeake Bay protection and restoration T2 - 74 FR 23099 TI - Chesapeake Bay protection and restoration UR - https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2009-05-15/pdf/E9-11547.pdf ID - 21929 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Executive Office of the President CY - Washington, DC PB - The [Obama] White House PY - 2013 SP - 11 ST - National Strategy for the Arctic Region TI - National Strategy for the Arctic Region UR - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/nat_arctic_strategy.pdf ID - 26550 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Executive Office of the President CY - Washington, D.C. DA - November 1 PB - The [Obama] White House, Office of the Press Secretary PY - 2013 ST - Fact Sheet: Executive Order on Climate Preparedness TI - Fact Sheet: Executive Order on Climate Preparedness UR - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/11/01/fact-sheet-executive-order-climate-preparedness ID - 26685 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Executive Office of the President CY - Washington, DC NV - M-16-01 PB - The White House PY - 2015 ST - Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Federal Decision Making TI - Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Federal Decision Making UR - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/memoranda/2016/m-16-01.pdf ID - 23491 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Executive Office of the President CY - Washington, DC PB - The White House PY - 2016 SP - 110 ST - United States Mid-century Strategy for Deep Decarbonization TI - United States Mid-century Strategy for Deep Decarbonization UR - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/mid_century_strategy_report-final.pdf ID - 24515 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Executive Office of the President CY - Washington, DC PB - The White House, Office of Management and Budget PY - 2016 SP - 34 ST - Climate change: Fiscal risks facing the federal government TI - Climate change: Fiscal risks facing the federal government UR - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/reports/omb_climate_change_fiscal_risk_report.pdf ID - 24524 ER - TY - PRESS AU - Executive Office of the President CY - Washington, DC DA - June 1 PB - The White House PY - 2017 ST - Statement by President Trump on the Paris Climate Accord TI - Statement by President Trump on the Paris Climate Accord UR - https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/06/01/statement-president-trump-paris-climate-accord ID - 24513 ER - TY - PRESS AU - Executive Office of the President CY - Washington, DC DA - March 28 M1 - 5 PB - The White House PY - 2017 ST - Executive Order 13783: Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth TI - Executive Order 13783: Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth UR - https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/03/31/2017-06576/promoting-energy-independence-and-economic-growth ID - 24514 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Exelon CY - Chicago, IL PB - Exelon Corporation PY - 2017 SP - 127 ST - Exelon Corporation Sustainability Report 2016 TI - Exelon Corporation Sustainability Report 2016 UR - http://www.exeloncorp.com/sustainability ID - 25439 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eyshi Rezaei, Ehsan AU - Webber, Heidi AU - Gaiser, Thomas AU - Naab, Jesse AU - Ewert, Frank DA - 2015/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.eja.2014.10.003 KW - High temperature Heat stress Cereal yield Climate change impact Crop modelling PY - 2015 SN - 1161-0301 SP - 98-113 ST - Heat stress in cereals: Mechanisms and modelling T2 - European Journal of Agronomy TI - Heat stress in cereals: Mechanisms and modelling VL - 64 ID - 23518 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Warren, Fiona J. A2 - Lemmen, Donald S. AU - Eyzaguirre, Jimena AU - Warren, Fiona J. C4 - 2dfcf8b7-9c7b-4b30-818f-018cb68cd1a7 CY - Ottawa, ON PB - Government Canada PY - 2014 SP - 253-286 ST - Adaptation: Linking research and practice T2 - Canada in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on Impacts and Adaptation TI - Adaptation: Linking research and practice UR - http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/environment/resources/publications/impacts-adaptation/reports/assessments/2014/16309 ID - 22197 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ezer, Tal AU - Atkinson, Larry P. DO - 10.1002/2014EF000252 IS - 8 KW - coastal flooding sea level rise storm surge tides Gulf Stream NAO 1641 Sea level change 1637 Regional climate change 1630 Impacts of global change 1821 Floods 4217 Coastal processes PY - 2014 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 362-382 ST - Accelerated flooding along the U.S. East Coast: On the impact of sea-level rise, tides, storms, the Gulf Stream, and the North Atlantic Oscillations T2 - Earth’s Future TI - Accelerated flooding along the U.S. East Coast: On the impact of sea-level rise, tides, storms, the Gulf Stream, and the North Atlantic Oscillations VL - 2 ID - 19411 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sea level data from the Chesapeake Bay are used to test a novel new analysis method for studies of sea level rise (SLR). The method, based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and Hilbert-Huang Transformation, separates the sea level trend from other oscillating modes and reveals how the mean sea level changes over time. Bootstrap calculations test the robustness of the method and provide confidence levels. The analysis shows that rates of SLR have increased from ∼1–3 mm y−1 in the 1930s to ∼4–10 mm y−1 in 2011, an acceleration of ∼0.05–0.10 mm y−2 that is larger than most previous studies, but comparable to recent findings by Sallenger and collaborators. While land subsidence increases SLR rates in the bay relative to global SLR, the acceleration results support Sallenger et al.'s proposition that an additional contribution to SLR from climatic changes in ocean circulation is affecting the region. AU - Ezer, Tal AU - Corlett, William Bryce DO - 10.1029/2012GL053435 IS - 19 PY - 2012 SP - L19605 ST - Is sea level rise accelerating in the Chesapeake Bay? A demonstration of a novel new approach for analyzing sea level data T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Is sea level rise accelerating in the Chesapeake Bay? A demonstration of a novel new approach for analyzing sea level data VL - 39 ID - 26185 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The ecological effects of ocean acidification (OA) from rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on benthic marine communities are largely unknown. We investigated in situ the consequences of long-term exposure to high CO2 on coral-reef-associated macroinvertebrate communities around three shallow volcanic CO2 seeps in Papua New Guinea. The densities of many groups and the number of taxa (classes and phyla) of macroinvertebrates were significantly reduced at elevated CO2 (425–1100 µatm) compared with control sites. However, sensitivities of some groups, including decapod crustaceans, ascidians and several echinoderms, contrasted with predictions of their physiological CO2 tolerances derived from laboratory experiments. High CO2 reduced the availability of structurally complex corals that are essential refugia for many reef-associated macroinvertebrates. This loss of habitat complexity was also associated with losses in many macroinvertebrate groups, especially predation-prone mobile taxa, including crustaceans and crinoids. The transition from living to dead coral as substratum and habitat further altered macroinvertebrate communities, with far more taxa losing than gaining in numbers. Our study shows that indirect ecological effects of OA (reduced habitat complexity) will complement its direct physiological effects and together with the loss of coral cover through climate change will severely affect macroinvertebrate communities in coral reefs. AU - Fabricius, K. E. AU - De'ath, G. AU - Noonan, S. AU - Uthicke, S. DO - 10.1098/rspb.2013.2479 IS - 1775 PY - 2014 ST - Ecological effects of ocean acidification and habitat complexity on reef-associated macroinvertebrate communities T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Ecological effects of ocean acidification and habitat complexity on reef-associated macroinvertebrate communities VL - 281 ID - 24854 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fagherazzi, L. AU - Fay, D. AU - Salas, J. DO - 10.2495/WRM070171 PY - 2007 SN - 1743-3541 SP - 163-177 ST - Synthetic hydrology and climate change scenarios to improve multi-purpose complex water resource systems management. The Lake Ontario–St Lawrence River Study of the International Canada and US Joint Commission T2 - WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment TI - Synthetic hydrology and climate change scenarios to improve multi-purpose complex water resource systems management. The Lake Ontario–St Lawrence River Study of the International Canada and US Joint Commission VL - 103 ID - 22079 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fagherazzi, Sergio DA - 10//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo2262 IS - 10 M3 - News and Views PY - 2014 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 701-702 ST - Coastal processes: Storm-proofing with marshes T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Coastal processes: Storm-proofing with marshes VL - 7 ID - 21833 ER - TY - DATA AU - Fagre, Daniel B. AU - McKeon, Lisa A. AU - Dick, Kristina A. AU - Fountain, Andrew G. C4 - eeb67a92-1a87-4ae8-9dd9-e44a0fabee49 DO - 10.5066/F7P26WB1 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2017 ST - Glacier Margin Time Series (1966, 1998, 2005, 2015) of the named glaciers of Glacier National Park, MT, USA TI - Glacier Margin Time Series (1966, 1998, 2005, 2015) of the named glaciers of Glacier National Park, MT, USA ID - 25393 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Fahey, D.W. AU - Doherty, S. AU - Hibbard, K.A. AU - Romanou, A. AU - Taylor, P.C. C4 - 0615b4ff-d185-4e14-9d4d-5bea1ce6ca51 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J0513WCR PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 2 SP - 73-113 ST - Physical drivers of climate change T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Physical drivers of climate change ID - 21560 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coffee production has long been culturally and economically important in Puerto Rico. However, since peaking in the late nineteenth century, harvests are near record lows with many former farms abandoned. While value-added markets present new opportunities to reinvigorate the industry, regional trends associated with climate change may threaten the ability to produce high-quality coffee. Here, we discuss the history of coffee in Puerto Rico, outline important bioclimatic parameters, and model current and future habitat suitability using statistically downscaled climate data. Model projections suggest that warming trends may surpass important temperature thresholds during the coming decades. Under high (A2) and mid-low (A1B) emission scenarios for 2011–2040, Puerto Rico is projected to exceed mean annual temperature parameters for growth of Coffea arabica. Warming and drying trends may accelerate after 2040 and could result in top producing municipalities losing 60–84% of highly suitable growing conditions by 2070. Under the A2 scenario, Puerto Rico may only retain 24 km2 of highly suitable conditions by 2071–2099. High temperatures and low precipitation levels can result in diminished quality and yields, as well as increased exposure and sensitivity to certain insects and diseases. The climate data and models used are based on best current understanding of climate and emission interactions with results best interpreted as projected climate trends rather than predictions of future weather. Planning, innovation, and adaptation provide promising avenues to address current and future socioecological challenges while building a model of sustainable and resilient coffee production in Puerto Rico and throughout the region. AU - Fain, Stephen J. AU - Quiñones, Maya AU - Álvarez-Berríos, Nora L. AU - Parés-Ramos, Isabel K. AU - Gould, William A. DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1949-5 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 175-186 ST - Climate change and coffee: Assessing vulnerability by modeling future climate suitability in the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change and coffee: Assessing vulnerability by modeling future climate suitability in the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico VL - 146 ID - 25052 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Falco, Salvatore Di AU - Adinolfi, Felice AU - Bozzola, Martina AU - Capitanio, Fabian DO - 10.1111/1477-9552.12053 IS - 2 KW - Adaptation climate change crop diversification insurance panel data PY - 2014 SN - 1477-9552 SP - 485-504 ST - Crop insurance as a strategy for adapting to climate change T2 - Journal of Agricultural Economics TI - Crop insurance as a strategy for adapting to climate change VL - 65 ID - 23519 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Famiglietti, J. S. DA - 11//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2425 IS - 11 M3 - Commentary PY - 2014 SN - 1758-678X SP - 945-948 ST - The global groundwater crisis T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - The global groundwater crisis VL - 4 ID - 21443 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fan, Jessie X. AU - Wen, Ming AU - Wan, Neng DA - 2017/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.05.007 KW - Active commuting Active transportation Rural Urban Built environment Census tracts PY - 2017 SN - 2352-8273 SP - 435-441 ST - Built environment and active commuting: Rural-urban differences in the U.S T2 - SSM - Population Health TI - Built environment and active commuting: Rural-urban differences in the U.S VL - 3 ID - 24584 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Due to climate change and ongoing drought, California and much of the American West face critical water supply challenges. California’s water supply infrastructure sprawls for thousands of miles, from the Colorado River to the Sacramento Delta. Bringing water to growing urban centers in Southern California is especially energy intensive, pushing local utilities to balance water security with factors such as the cost and carbon footprint of the various supply sources. To enhance water security, cities are expanding efforts to increase local water supply. But do these local sources have a smaller carbon footprint than imported sources? To answer this question and others related to the urban water–energy nexus, this study uses spatially explicit life cycle assessment to estimate the energy and emissions intensity of water supply for two utilities in Southern California: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, which serves Los Angeles, and the Inland Empire Utility Agency, which serves the San Bernardino region. This study differs from previous research in two significant ways: (1) emissions factors are based not on regional averages but on the specific electric utility and generation sources supplying energy throughout transport, treatment, and distribution phases of the water supply chain; (2) upstream (non-combustion) emissions associated with the energy sources are included. This approach reveals that in case of water supply to Los Angeles, local recycled water has a higher carbon footprint than water imported from the Colorado River. In addition, by excluding upstream emissions, the carbon footprint of water supply is potentially underestimated by up to 30%. These results have wide-ranging implications for how carbon footprints are traditionally calculated at local and regional levels. Reducing the emissions intensity of local water supply hinges on transitioning the energy used to treat and distribute water away from fossil fuel, sources such as coal. AU - Fang, A. J. AU - Newell, Joshua P. AU - Cousins, Joshua J. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114002 IS - 11 PY - 2015 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 114002 ST - The energy and emissions footprint of water supply for Southern California T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - The energy and emissions footprint of water supply for Southern California VL - 10 ID - 23674 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This article reviews the economic and analytical challenges of adaptation to climate change. Adaptation to climate risks that can no longer be avoided is an important aspect of the global response to climate change. Humans have always adapted to changing climatic conditions, and there is growing, if still patchy, evidence of widespread adaptation behavior. However, adaptation is not autonomous as sometimes claimed. It requires knowledge, planning, coordination, and foresight. There are important knowledge gaps, behavioral barriers, and market failures that hold back effective adaptation and require policy intervention. We identify the most urgent adaptation priorities, including areas where delay might lock in future vulnerability, and outline the decision-making challenges of adapting to an unknown future climate. We also highlight the strong interlinkages between adaptation and economic development, pointing out that decisions on industrial strategy, urban planning, and infrastructure investment all have a strong bearing on future vulnerability to climate change. We review the implications of these links for adaptation finance and what the literature tells us about the balance between adaptation and mitigation. AU - Fankhauser, Sam DO - 10.1146/annurev-resource-100516-033554 IS - 1 KW - climate change adaptation,climate-resilient development,climate change policy,natural disasters PY - 2017 SP - 209-230 ST - Adaptation to climate change T2 - Annual Review of Resource Economics TI - Adaptation to climate change VL - 9 ID - 25611 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fann, Neal AU - Alman, Breanna AU - Broome, Richard A. AU - Morgan, Geoffrey G. AU - Johnston, Fay H. AU - Pouliot, George AU - Rappold, Ana G. DA - 2018/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.024 KW - Health impact assessment Source apportionment PM Ozone CMAQ Wildland fires Wildfires PY - 2018 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 802-809 ST - The health impacts and economic value of wildland fire episodes in the U.S.: 2008–2012 T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - The health impacts and economic value of wildland fire episodes in the U.S.: 2008–2012 VL - 610-611 ID - 24265 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Fann, Neal AU - Brennan, Terry AU - Dolwick, Patrick AU - Gamble, Janet L. AU - Ilacqua, Vito AU - Kolb, Laura AU - Nolte, Christopher G. AU - Spero, Tanya L. AU - Ziska, Lewis C4 - 5ec155e5-8b77-438f-afa9-fbcac4d27690 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0GQ6VP6 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 69–98 ST - Ch. 3: Air quality impacts T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 3: Air quality impacts ID - 19375 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fann, Neal AU - Lamson, Amy D. AU - Anenberg, Susan C. AU - Wesson, Karen AU - Risley, David AU - Hubbell, Bryan J. DO - 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01630.x IS - 1 N1 - Ch3,10 PY - 2012 SN - 02724332 SP - 81-95 ST - Estimating the national public health burden associated with exposure to ambient PM2.5 and ozone T2 - Risk Analysis TI - Estimating the national public health burden associated with exposure to ambient PM2.5 and ozone VL - 32 ID - 16105 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fann, Neal AU - Nolte, Christopher G. AU - Dolwick, Patrick AU - Spero, Tanya L. AU - Curry Brown, Amanda AU - Phillips, Sharon AU - Anenberg, Susan DO - 10.1080/10962247.2014.996270 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SN - 1096-2247 2162-2906 SP - 570-580 ST - The geographic distribution and economic value of climate change-related ozone health impacts in the United States in 2030 T2 - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association TI - The geographic distribution and economic value of climate change-related ozone health impacts in the United States in 2030 VL - 65 ID - 16106 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fant, Charles AU - Srinivasan, Raghavan AU - Boehlert, Brent AU - Rennels, Lisa AU - Chapra, Steven AU - Strzepek, Kenneth AU - Corona, Joel AU - Allen, Ashley AU - Martinich, Jeremy DO - 10.3390/w9020118 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SN - 2073-4441 SP - 118 ST - Climate change impacts on US water quality using two models: HAWQS and US Basins T2 - Water TI - Climate change impacts on US water quality using two models: HAWQS and US Basins VL - 9 ID - 21485 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FAO CY - Rome and London N1 - ISBN: 978-92-5-106614-0 PB - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan PY - 2011 RP - ISBN: 978-92-5-106614-0 SP - 285 ST - The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture: Managing Systems at Risk TI - The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture: Managing Systems at Risk UR - http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i1688e/i1688e00.htm ID - 23610 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FAO CY - Rome, Italy N1 - ISBN: 978-92-5-109374-0 PB - Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations PY - 2016 RP - ISBN: 978-92-5-109374-0 SP - xvii, 173 ST - 2016 The State of Food and Agriculture: Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security TI - 2016 The State of Food and Agriculture: Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security UR - http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6030e.pdf ID - 22142 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FAO CY - St James, Barbados and Rome PB - Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology and FAO PY - 2016 SN - FAO Water Reports 42 SP - 36 ST - Drought Characteristics and Management in the Caribbean TI - Drought Characteristics and Management in the Caribbean UR - http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5695e.pdf ID - 25233 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Farm Service Agency CY - Washington, DC PB - USDA Farm Service Agency PY - 2017 SN - Disaster Assistance Fact Sheet SP - 2 ST - Emergency Disaster Designation and Declaration Process TI - Emergency Disaster Designation and Declaration Process UR - https://www.fsa.usda.gov/Assets/USDA-FSA-Public/usdafiles/FactSheets/2017/emergency_disaster_designation_and_declaration_process_oct2017.pdf ID - 25571 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Lakshmi, Venkat A2 - Alsdorf, Douglas A2 - Anderson, Martha A2 - Biancamaria, Sylvain A2 - Cosh, Michael A2 - Entin, Jared A2 - Huffman, George A2 - Kustas, William A2 - van Oevelen, Peter A2 - Painter, Thomas A2 - Parajka, Juraj A2 - Rodell, Matthew A2 - Rüdiger, Christoph AB - California's Central Valley produces one quarter of the nation's food, much of it irrigated with groundwater. This chapter presents results of a continuing study of the application of Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) to monitoring of land subsidence as a function of groundwater dynamics. It defines the full extent as well as the evolution from 2007 to 2011 of a large subsidence bowl in the southern San Joaquin Valley and presents the results in several different formats geared to different audiences. Further development, including subsurface geologic information, may allow more quantitative estimates of groundwater change based on InSAR subsidence histories. The aquifer system of the southern Central Valley has both unconfined and confined parts caused by alternating layers of coarse and fine‐grained sediments. Snow and surface water are of primary importance in the hydrologic cycle of California, and new techniques are today being applied to their mapping and monitoring. AU - Farr, Tom G. AU - Liu, Zhen C4 - 8d05f053-d182-4a7d-b3d9-82d3ff77d03a CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.1002/9781118872086.ch24 PB - American Geophysical Union PY - 2014 SP - 397-406 ST - Monitoring subsidence associated with groundwater dynamics in the Central Valley of California using interferometric radar SV - Geophysical Monograph Series 206 T2 - Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle TI - Monitoring subsidence associated with groundwater dynamics in the Central Valley of California using interferometric radar ID - 25295 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Farrell, David A. C4 - 9045aae3-0996-4ab7-b956-24e85699b602 CY - Leicester, UK PB - Tudor Rose (for World Meteorological Organization) PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-9568561-3-5 SP - 143-146 ST - Climate services and disaster risk reduction in the Caribbean T2 - Climate ExChange TI - Climate services and disaster risk reduction in the Caribbean ID - 25082 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An exact method is presented for calculating the changes in sea level that occur when ice and water masses are rearranged on the surface of elastic and viscoelastic non-rotating Earth models. The method is used to calculate the instantaneous elastic and delayed viscoelastic sea level changes following the partial melting of late Quaternary ice sheets. We find that there can be large errors in the usual assumption that changes in sea level are uniform over the ocean basins. If a quantity of ice equivalent to a uniform 100-m rise in sea level melts from the Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets, then in the South Pacific the instantaneous rise in sea level can be as large as 120m. In the North Atlantic the instantaneous rise is always less than 100 m. There is a zone in the North Atlantic with almost no sea level change and near Greenland and Norway the sea level falls, rather than rises, by over 100 m. One thousand years after the melting a forebulge migrating towards the ice loads causes water to flow from the South Pacific into the North Pacific suggesting that raised beaches should occur in the South Pacific. The gravitational attraction of an ice mass upon a nearby ocean tends to hold sea level high in the vicinity of the ice. This extra load near the ice may have a significant influence on postglacial isostatic adjustment. AU - Farrell, W. E. AU - Clark, J. A. DA - September 1, 1976 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1976.tb01252.x IS - 3 PY - 1976 SP - 647-667 ST - On postglacial sea level T2 - Geophysical Journal International TI - On postglacial sea level VL - 46 ID - 20635 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Farrigan, Tracey C4 - 23daac87-48e6-486c-a9b3-036c75855565 IS - March PB - USDA Economic Research Service PY - 2014 ST - Poverty and deep poverty increasing in rural America T2 - Amber Waves TI - Poverty and deep poverty increasing in rural America UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2014/march/poverty-and-deep-poverty-increasing-in-rural-america ID - 23608 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Farrigan, Tracey AU - Parker, Timothy C4 - a2a02512-dacf-46f0-8f9f-9cb51892a884 CY - Washington, DC IS - December PB - USDA Economic Research Service PY - 2012 ST - The concentration of poverty is a growing rural problem T2 - Amber Waves TI - The concentration of poverty is a growing rural problem UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2012/december/concentration-of-poverty ID - 23609 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change poses serious threats to the protection and preservation of cultural heritage and resources. Despite a high level of scholarly interest in climate change impacts on natural and socio-economic systems, a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of climate change on cultural heritage and resources across various continents and disciplines is noticeably absent from the literature. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review methodology to identify and characterize the state of knowledge and how the cultural heritage and resources at risk from climate change are being explored globally. Results from 124 reviewed publications show that scholarly interest in the topic is increasing, employs a wide range of research methods, and represents diverse natural and social science disciplines. Despite such increasing and diverse interest in climate change and cultural heritage and resources, the geographic scope of research is limited (predominantly European focused). Additionally, we identified the need for future studies that not only focuses on efficient, sustainable adaptation planning options but also documents if, and how, the implementation of cultural heritage and resources adaptation or preservation is taking place. This systematic literature review can help direct scholarly research in climate change and cultural heritage and resource area. Ultimately, we hope these new directions can influence policy-making for preservation and adaptation of cultural heritage and cultural resources globally. AU - Fatorić, Sandra AU - Seekamp, Erin DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1929-9 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 227-254 ST - Are cultural heritage and resources threatened by climate change? A systematic literature review T2 - Climatic Change TI - Are cultural heritage and resources threatened by climate change? A systematic literature review VL - 142 ID - 25612 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fatorić, Sandra AU - Seekamp, Erin DA - 2017/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.07.052 KW - Cultural heritage Decision analysis Deliberation Evaluation research Structured decision making PY - 2017 SN - 0264-8377 SP - 254-263 ST - Evaluating a decision analytic approach to climate change adaptation of cultural resources along the Atlantic Coast of the United States T2 - Land Use Policy TI - Evaluating a decision analytic approach to climate change adaptation of cultural resources along the Atlantic Coast of the United States VL - 68 ID - 25875 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fatorić, Sandra AU - Seekamp, Erin DA - 2018/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.culher.2017.08.006 KW - Cultural resource management Climate adaptation planning Prioritization Values Deliberation Significance PY - 2018 SN - 1296-2074 SP - 168-179 ST - A measurement framework to increase transparency in historic preservation decision-making under changing climate conditions T2 - Journal of Cultural Heritage TI - A measurement framework to increase transparency in historic preservation decision-making under changing climate conditions VL - 30 ID - 25874 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Central Valley in California (USA) covers about 52,000 km2 and is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world. This agriculture relies heavily on surface-water diversions and groundwater pumpage to meet irrigation water demand. Because the valley is semi-arid and surface-water availability varies substantially, agriculture relies heavily on local groundwater. In the southern two thirds of the valley, the San Joaquin Valley, historic and recent groundwater pumpage has caused significant and extensive drawdowns, aquifer-system compaction and subsidence. During recent drought periods (2007–2009 and 2012-present), groundwater pumping has increased owing to a combination of decreased surface-water availability and land-use changes. Declining groundwater levels, approaching or surpassing historical low levels, have caused accelerated and renewed compaction and subsidence that likely is mostly permanent. The subsidence has caused operational, maintenance, and construction-design problems for water-delivery and flood-control canals in the San Joaquin Valley. Planning for the effects of continued subsidence in the area is important for water agencies. As land use, managed aquifer recharge, and surface-water availability continue to vary, long-term groundwater-level and subsidence monitoring and modelling are critical to understanding the dynamics of historical and continued groundwater use resulting in additional water-level and groundwater storage declines, and associated subsidence. Modeling tools such as the Central Valley Hydrologic Model, can be used in the evaluation of management strategies to mitigate adverse impacts due to subsidence while also optimizing water availability. This knowledge will be critical for successful implementation of recent legislation aimed toward sustainable groundwater use. AU - Faunt, Claudia C. AU - Sneed, Michelle AU - Traum, Jon AU - Brandt, Justin T. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10040-015-1339-x IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1435-0157 SP - 675-684 ST - Water availability and land subsidence in the Central Valley, California, USA T2 - Hydrogeology Journal TI - Water availability and land subsidence in the Central Valley, California, USA VL - 24 ID - 25269 ER - TY - WEB AU - Favis-Mortlock, D. CY - Oxford, UK PY - 2017 ST - The Soil Erosion Site: Soil Erosion by Water TI - The Soil Erosion Site: Soil Erosion by Water UR - http://soilerosion.net/water_erosion.html ID - 21256 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fawcett, Allen A. AU - Iyer, Gokul C. AU - Clarke, Leon E. AU - Edmonds, James A. AU - Hultman, Nathan E. AU - McJeon, Haewon C. AU - Rogelj, Joeri AU - Schuler, Reed AU - Alsalam, Jameel AU - Asrar, Ghassem R. AU - Creason, Jared AU - Jeong, Minji AU - McFarland, James AU - Mundra, Anupriya AU - Shi, Wenjing DO - 10.1126/science.aad5761 IS - 6265 PY - 2015 SP - 1168-1169 ST - Can Paris pledges avert severe climate change? T2 - Science TI - Can Paris pledges avert severe climate change? VL - 350 ID - 20049 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fay, Gavin AU - Link, Jason S. AU - Hare, Jonathan A. DA - 2017/03/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.12.016 KW - Strategic ecosystem modeling Fisheries management Climate change Atlantis Northwest Atlantic Ecosystem indicators Acidification PY - 2017 SN - 0304-3800 SP - 1-10 ST - Assessing the effects of ocean acidification in the Northeast US using an end-to-end marine ecosystem model T2 - Ecological Modelling TI - Assessing the effects of ocean acidification in the Northeast US using an end-to-end marine ecosystem model VL - 347 ID - 24833 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FCC CY - Washington, DC PB - Federal Communication Commission (FCC) PY - 2017 SP - 12 ST - Order FCC 17-129, in the matter of Connect America Fund [WC Docket No. 10-90] TI - Order FCC 17-129, in the matter of Connect America Fund [WC Docket No. 10-90] UR - https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-17-129A1.pdf ID - 25256 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Fears, Darryl PY - 2012 ST - Built on sinking ground, Norfolk tries to hold back tide amid sea-level rise T2 - The Washington Post TI - Built on sinking ground, Norfolk tries to hold back tide amid sea-level rise UR - https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/built-on-sinking-ground-norfolk-tries-to-hold-back-tide-amid-sea-level-rise/2012/06/17/gJQADUsxjV_story.html?utm_term=.79d2590234a6 ID - 24032 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Fears, Darryl DA - July 30 PY - 2015 ST - As salmon vanish in the dry Pacific Northwest, so does Native heritage T2 - The Washington Post TI - As salmon vanish in the dry Pacific Northwest, so does Native heritage UR - https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/as-salmon-vanish-in-the-dry-pacific-northwest-so-does-native-heritage/2015/07/30/2ae9f7a6-2f14-11e5-8f36-18d1d501920d_story.html?utm_term=.e6b318ea8f2e ID - 24714 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Variability of heat stress illness (HSI) by urbanicity and climate region has rarely been considered in previous HSI studies. We investigated temporal and geographic trends in HSI emergency department (ED) visits in CDC Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (Tracking) states for 2005–2010. We obtained county-level HSI ED visit data for 14 Tracking states. We used the National Center for Health Statistics Urban–Rural Classification Scheme to categorize counties by urbanicity as (1) large central metropolitan (LCM), (2) large fringe metropolitan, (3) small–medium metropolitan, or (4) nonmetropolitan (NM). We also assigned counties to one of six US climate regions. Negative binomial regression was used to examine trends in HSI ED visits over time across all counties and by urbanicity for each climate region, adjusting for pertinent variables. During 2005–2010, there were 98,462 HSI ED visits in the 14 states. ED visits for HSI decreased 3.0 % (p < 0.01) per year. Age-adjusted incidence rates of HSI ED visits increased from most urban to most rural. Overall, ED visits were significantly higher for NM areas (IRR = 1.41, p < 0.01) than for LCM areas. The same pattern was observed in all six climate regions; compared with LCM, NM areas had from 14 to 90 % more ED visits for HSI. These findings of significantly increased HSI ED visit rates in more rural settings suggest a need to consider HSI ED visit variability by county urbanicity and climate region when designing and implementing local HSI preventive measures and interventions. AU - Fechter-Leggett, Ethan D. AU - Vaidyanathan, Ambarish AU - Choudhary, Ekta DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s10900-015-0064-7 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-3610 SP - 57-69 ST - Heat stress illness emergency department visits in national environmental public health tracking states, 2005–2010 T2 - Journal of Community Health TI - Heat stress illness emergency department visits in national environmental public health tracking states, 2005–2010 VL - 41 ID - 23607 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board CY - Washington, DC PB - Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board PY - 2013 SN - Federal Financial Accounting Standards 44 SP - 71 ST - Accounting for Impairment of General Property, Plant, and Equipment Remaining in Use TI - Accounting for Impairment of General Property, Plant, and Equipment Remaining in Use UR - http://www.fasab.gov/pdffiles/original_sffas_44.pdf ID - 25634 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Federal Highway Administration CY - Washington, DC NV - FHWA-HEP-13-005 PB - Federal Highway Administration PY - 2012 SP - 51 ST - Climate Change & Extreme Weather Vulnerability Assessment Framework TI - Climate Change & Extreme Weather Vulnerability Assessment Framework UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/publications/vulnerability_assessment_framework/index.cfm ID - 24591 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Federal Highway Administration CY - Washington, DC NV - FHWA-HEP-17-014 PB - Federal Highway Administration,Transportation Engineering Approaches to Climate Resiliency (TEACR) Project PY - 2016 SP - 52 ST - Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge Impacts on a Coastal Bridge: I-10 Bayway, Mobile Bay, Alabama TI - Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge Impacts on a Coastal Bridge: I-10 Bayway, Mobile Bay, Alabama UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/ongoing_and_current_research/teacr/al_i-10/index.cfm ID - 24589 ER - TY - GOVDOC AU - Federal Register Notice PB - Office of Science and Technology PY - 2015 SN - 80 FR 26105 SP - 3 TI - Request for Information: Public Input on the Sustained Assessment Process of the U.S. National Climate Assessment UR - https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2015/05/06/2015-10352/request-for-information-public-input-on-the-sustained-assessment-process-of-the-us-national-climate ID - 25119 ER - TY - GOVDOC AU - Federal Register Notice PB - Office of Science and Technology Policy PY - 2016 SN - 81 FR 43671 SP - 2 TI - Public Comment on an Annotated Outline for the Fourth National Climate Assessment UR - https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/07/05/2016-15807/public-comment-on-an-annotated-outline-for-the-fourth-national-climate-assessment ID - 25120 ER - TY - GOVDOC AU - Federal Register Notice PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2016 SN - 81 FR 59983 SP - 3 TI - United States Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) UR - https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/08/31/2016-20982/united-states-global-change-research-program-usgcrp ID - 25121 ER - TY - GOVDOC AU - Federal Register Notice PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2017 SN - 82 FR 33482 SP - 2 TI - United States Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) UR - https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/07/20/2017-15235/united-states-global-change-research-program ID - 25122 ER - TY - GOVDOC AU - Federal Register Notice PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2017 SN - 82 FR 51614 SP - 2 TI - United States Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) UR - https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/11/07/2017-24221/united-states-global-change-research-program-usgcrp-to-announce-the-availability-of-a-draft-fourth ID - 25919 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feely, Richard A. AU - Alin, Simone R. AU - Carter, Brendan AU - Bednaršek, Nina AU - Hales, Burke AU - Chan, Francis AU - Hill, Tessa M. AU - Gaylord, Brian AU - Sanford, Eric AU - Byrne, Robert H. AU - Sabine, Christopher L. AU - Greeley, Dana AU - Juranek, Lauren DA - 12/20/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.043 KW - California current large marine ecosystem Ocean acidification Anthropogenic CO2 Upwelling Pteropod dissolution PY - 2016 SN - 0272-7714 SP - 260-270 ST - Chemical and biological impacts of ocean acidification along the west coast of North America T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science TI - Chemical and biological impacts of ocean acidification along the west coast of North America VL - 183, Part A ID - 21599 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feely, R. A. AU - Doney, S. C. AU - Cooley, S. R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2009.95 IS - 4 PY - 2009 SP - 36-47 ST - Ocean acidification: Present conditions and future changes in a high-CO2 world T2 - Oceanography TI - Ocean acidification: Present conditions and future changes in a high-CO2 world VL - 22 ID - 13368 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations over the past two centuries have led to greater CO2 uptake by the oceans. This acidification process has changed the saturation state ofthe oceans with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles. Here we estimate the in situ CaCO3 dissolution rates for the global oceans from total alkalinity and chlorofluorocarbon data, and we also discuss the future impacts of anthropogenic CO2 on CaCO3 shell–forming species. CaCO3 dissolution rates, ranging from 0.003 to 1.2 micromoles per kilogram per year, are observed beginning near the aragonite saturation horizon. The total water column CaCO3 dissolution rate for the global oceans is approximately 0.5 ± 0.2 petagrams of CaCO3-C per year, which is approximately 45 to 65% of the export production of CaCO3.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/305/5682/362.full.pdf AU - Feely, Richard A. AU - Sabine, Christopher L. AU - Lee, Kitack AU - Berelson, Will AU - Kleypas, Joanie AU - Fabry, Victoria J. AU - Millero, Frank J. DO - 10.1126/science.1097329 IS - 5682 PY - 2004 SP - 362-366 ST - Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans T2 - Science TI - Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans VL - 305 ID - 20019 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change can have profound impacts on biodiversity and the sustainability of many ecosystems. Various studies have investigated the impacts of climate change, but large-scale, trait-specific impacts are less understood. We analyze abundance data over time for 86 tree species/groups across the eastern United States spanning the last three decades. We show that more tree species have experienced a westward shift (73%) than a poleward shift (62%) in their abundance, a trend that is stronger for saplings than adult trees. The observed shifts are primarily due to the changes of subpopulation abundances in the leading edges and are significantly associated with changes in moisture availability and successional processes. These spatial shifts are associated with species that have similar traits (drought tolerance, wood density, and seed weight) and evolutionary histories (most angiosperms shifted westward and most gymnosperms shifted poleward). Our results indicate that changes in moisture availability have stronger near-term impacts on vegetation dynamics than changes in temperature. The divergent responses to climate change by trait- and phylogenetic-specific groups could lead to changes in composition of forest ecosystems, putting the resilience and sustainability of various forest ecosystems in question. AU - Fei, Songlin AU - Desprez, Johanna M. AU - Potter, Kevin M. AU - Jo, Insu AU - Knott, Jonathan A. AU - Oswalt, Christopher M. DO - 10.1126/sciadv.1603055 IS - 5 PY - 2017 SP - e1603055 ST - Divergence of species responses to climate change T2 - Science Advances TI - Divergence of species responses to climate change VL - 3 ID - 25153 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feitelson, Eran AU - Tubi, Amit DA - 2017/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.03.001 KW - Climate change Drought Conflict Middle East Euphrates River Jordan River PY - 2017 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 39-48 ST - A main driver or an intermediate variable? Climate change, water and security in the Middle East T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - A main driver or an intermediate variable? Climate change, water and security in the Middle East VL - 44 ID - 22078 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Felgenhauer, Tyler AU - Webster, Mort DA - 2013/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.09.018 IS - 6 KW - Climate change policy Adaptation constructs Mitigation and adaptation portfolio Decision making under uncertainty PY - 2013 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 1556-1565 ST - Multiple adaptation types with mitigation: A framework for policy analysis T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Multiple adaptation types with mitigation: A framework for policy analysis VL - 23 ID - 24493 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FEMA CY - Washington, DC PB - Department of Homeland Security, Emergence Preparedness and Response PY - 2004 SP - 62 ST - The California Fires Coordination Group. A Report to the Secretary of Homeland Security TI - The California Fires Coordination Group. A Report to the Secretary of Homeland Security UR - https://www.fema.gov/pdf/library/draft_cfcg_report_0204.pdf ID - 25570 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FEMA CY - Washington, DC PB - Federal Emergency Management Agency PY - 2011 SP - 1 ST - Identifying High Hazard Dam Risk in the United States [map] TI - Identifying High Hazard Dam Risk in the United States [map] UR - https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1737-25045-8253/1_2010esri_damsafety061711.pdf ID - 25394 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FEMA CY - Washington, DC PB - Federal Emergency Management Agency PY - 2015 SN - Guidance Document 32 SP - 6 ST - Guidance for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping: Combined Coastal and Riverine Floodplain TI - Guidance for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping: Combined Coastal and Riverine Floodplain UR - https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1436989628107-db27783b8a61ebb105ee32064ef16d39/Coastal_Riverine_Guidance_May_2015.pdf ID - 25395 ER - TY - WEB AU - FEMA PB - Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Flood Insurance Program PY - 2016 ST - Community Rating System (CRS) Communities and Their Classes TI - Community Rating System (CRS) Communities and Their Classes UR - https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/15846 ID - 24444 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FEMA CY - Washington, DC PB - Federal Emergency Management Agency PY - 2016 SN - FEMA P-1801 SP - 64 ST - South Carolina Dam Failure Assessment and Advisement TI - South Carolina Dam Failure Assessment and Advisement UR - https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/129760 ID - 25396 ER - TY - PRESS AU - FEMA PY - 2016 ST - Mayor De Blasio and FEMA announce plan to revise NYC’s flood maps. Release Number: NR-007 TI - Mayor De Blasio and FEMA announce plan to revise NYC’s flood maps. Release Number: NR-007 UR - https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2016/10/17/mayor-de-blasio-and-fema-announce-plan-revise-nycs-flood-maps ID - 26455 ER - TY - WEB AU - FEMA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Homeland Security PY - 2017 ST - Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act TI - Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act UR - https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/93074 ID - 23983 ER - TY - WEB AU - FEMA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Homeland Security PY - 2017 ST - Flood Insurance Reform—The Law TI - Flood Insurance Reform—The Law UR - https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance-reform-law ID - 23984 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FEMA PB - FEMA HAZUS Program PY - 2017 SP - various ST - Initial Hazus Wind Loss Estimates for Hurricane Maria Using the ARA Wind Field TI - Initial Hazus Wind Loss Estimates for Hurricane Maria Using the ARA Wind Field UR - https://data.femadata.com/FIMA/NHRAP/Maria/HurricaneMaria_ARA_InitialRun.pdf ID - 25234 ER - TY - PRESS AU - FEMA CY - Austin, TX DA - September 22 PB - FEMA PY - 2017 ST - Historic Disaster Response to Hurricane Harvey in Texas (HQ-17-133) TI - Historic Disaster Response to Hurricane Harvey in Texas (HQ-17-133) UR - https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2017/09/22/historic-disaster-response-hurricane-harvey-texas ID - 26052 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The magnitude of land conversion caused by biofuels expansion largely determines whether biofuels reduce net greenhouse gas emissions. To examine this issue, we model how equilibrium changes in input use and land allocation decisions respond to market- and policy-induced increases in corn ethanol demand. We demonstrate why total cropland area unambiguously increases with increased ethanol demand. The impact of ethanol price subsidies and consumption mandates are examined in the context of technical change. If ethanol demand is elastic enough, an exogenous increase in corn yields leads to cropland expansion with price subsidies. Yield increases under consumption mandates reduce land use. AU - Feng, Hongli AU - Babcock, Bruce A. DO - 10.1093/ajae/aaq023 IS - 3 N1 - 10.1093/ajae/aaq023 PY - 2010 SN - 0002-9092 SP - 789-802 ST - Impacts of ethanol on planted acreage in market equilibrium T2 - American Journal of Agricultural Economics TI - Impacts of ethanol on planted acreage in market equilibrium VL - 92 ID - 21610 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feng, Kuishuang AU - Davis, Steven J. AU - Sun, Laixiang AU - Hubacek, Klaus DA - 03/18/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms10693 M3 - Correspondence PY - 2016 SP - 10693 ST - Correspondence: Reply to "Reassessing the contribution of natural gas to US CO2 emission reductions since 2007" T2 - Nature Communications TI - Correspondence: Reply to "Reassessing the contribution of natural gas to US CO2 emission reductions since 2007" VL - 7 ID - 24492 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feng, S. AU - Fu, Q. DO - 10.5194/acp-13-10081-2013 IS - 19 PY - 2013 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 10081-10094 ST - Expansion of global drylands under a warming climate T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Expansion of global drylands under a warming climate VL - 13 ID - 19610 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feng, Song AU - Hu, Qi C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2007JD008397 IS - D15 KW - snow/rain ratio change surface temperature contiguous U.S. 1630 Impacts of global change 1655 Water cycles 1821 Floods 1812 Drought PY - 2007 SN - 2156-2202 SP - D15109 ST - Changes in winter snowfall/precipitation ratio in the contiguous United States T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Changes in winter snowfall/precipitation ratio in the contiguous United States VL - 112 ID - 13381 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feng, Zhe AU - Leung, L. Ruby AU - Hagos, Samson AU - Houze, Robert A. AU - Burleyson, Casey D. AU - Balaguru, Karthik DA - 11/11/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms13429 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 13429 ST - More frequent intense and long-lived storms dominate the springtime trend in central US rainfall T2 - Nature Communications TI - More frequent intense and long-lived storms dominate the springtime trend in central US rainfall VL - 7 ID - 20864 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Cavallaro, N. A2 - Shrestha, G. A2 - Birdsey, R. A2 - Mayes, M. A2 - Najjar, R. A2 - Reed, S. A2 - Romero-Lankao, P. A2 - Zhu, Z. AU - Fennel, Katja AU - Alin, S. AU - Barbero, L. AU - Evans, W. AU - Bourgeois, T. AU - Cooley, S. AU - Dunne, J. AU - Feely, R.A. AU - Hernandez-Ayon, J.M. AU - Hu, C. AU - Hu, X. AU - Lohrenz, S. AU - Muller-Karger, F. AU - Najjar, R. AU - Robbins, L. AU - Russell, J. AU - Shadwick, E. AU - Siedlecki, S. AU - Steiner, N. AU - Turk, D. AU - Vlahos, P. AU - Wang, Z.A. C4 - afe27d3e-cc3a-40be-a627-257720ae16c0 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/SOCCR2.2018.Ch16 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 16 SP - xx-yy ST - Coastal ocean and continental shelves T2 - Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment Report TI - Coastal ocean and continental shelves ID - 26146 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FERC CY - Washington, DC PB - Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) PY - 2015 SP - 132 ST - Energy Primer: A Handkbook of Energy Market Basics TI - Energy Primer: A Handkbook of Energy Market Basics UR - https://www.ferc.gov/market-oversight/guide/energy-primer.pdf ID - 24031 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Ferguson, D.B. AU - Alvord, C. AU - Crimmins, M. AU - Hiza Redsteer, M. AU - Hayes, M. AU - McNutt, C. AU - Pulwarty, R. AU - Svoboda, M. C6 - NCA PB - The Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS), The Institute of the Environment, The University of Arizona PY - 2011 SP - 42 ST - Drought Preparedness for Tribes in the Four Corners Region. Report from April 2010 Workshop. Tucson, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest. TI - Drought Preparedness for Tribes in the Four Corners Region. Report from April 2010 Workshop. Tucson, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest. UR - http://www.drought.gov/workshops/tribal/Drought-Preparedness-Tribal-Lands-FoursCorners-2011-1.pdf ID - 13386 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Parris, Adam S. A2 - Garfin, Gregg M. A2 - Dow, Kirstin A2 - Meyer, Ryan A2 - Close, Sarah T. AU - Ferguson, Daniel B. AU - Finucane, Melissa L. AU - Keener, Victoria W. AU - Owen, Gigi C4 - daf1d211-561a-4c1e-8f0d-ce97d9a48225 CY - New York, NY PB - American Geophysical Union; Wiley & Sons PY - 2016 SE - 10 SN - 978-1-118-47479-2 SP - 215-233 ST - Evaluation to advance science policy: Lessons from Pacific RISA and CLIMAS T2 - Climate In Context: Science and Society Partnering for Adaptation TI - Evaluation to advance science policy: Lessons from Pacific RISA and CLIMAS ID - 22198 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Drought monitoring and drought planning are complex endeavors. Measures of precipitation or streamflow provide little context for understanding how social and environmental systems impacted by drought are responding. Here the authors report on collaborative work with the Hopi Tribe—a Native American community in the U.S. Southwest—to develop a drought information system that is responsive to local needs. A strategy is presented for developing a system that is based on an assessment of how drought is experienced by Hopi citizens and resource managers, that can incorporate local observations of drought impacts as well as conventional indicators, and that brings together local expertise with conventional science-based observations. The system described here is meant to harness as much available information as possible to inform tribal resource managers, political leaders, and citizens about drought conditions and to also engage these local drought stakeholders in observing, thinking about, and helping to guide planning for drought. AU - Ferguson, Daniel B. AU - Masayesva, Anna AU - Meadow, Alison M. AU - Crimmins, Michael A. DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-15-0060.1 IS - 4 KW - Geographic location/entity,North America,Applications,Local effects,Planning,Policy,Societal impacts PY - 2016 SP - 345-359 ST - Rain gauges to range conditions: Collaborative development of a drought information system to support local decision-making T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Rain gauges to range conditions: Collaborative development of a drought information system to support local decision-making VL - 8 ID - 25966 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferguson, Grant AU - Gleeson, Tom DA - 05//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate1413 IS - 5 M3 - 10.1038/nclimate1413 PY - 2012 SN - 1758-678X SP - 342-345 ST - Vulnerability of coastal aquifers to groundwater use and climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Vulnerability of coastal aquifers to groundwater use and climate change VL - 2 ID - 21486 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Fernandez, Manny CY - New York DA - April 24, 2016 ET - New York M1 - A15 PY - 2016 SP - A15 ST - U.S.-Mexico teamwork where the Rio Grande is but a ribbon T2 - New York Times TI - U.S.-Mexico teamwork where the Rio Grande is but a ribbon UR - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/23/us/us-mexico-teamwork-where-the-rio-grande-is-but-a-ribbon.html?_r=1 ID - 22143 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferrario, Filippo AU - Beck, Michael W. AU - Storlazzi, Curt D. AU - Micheli, Fiorenza AU - Shepard, Christine C. AU - Airoldi, Laura DA - 05/13/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms4794 M3 - Article PY - 2014 SP - 3794 ST - The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation T2 - Nature Communications TI - The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation VL - 5 ID - 24030 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferrario, Filippo AU - Beck, Michael W. AU - Storlazzi, Curt D. AU - Micheli, Fiorenza AU - Shepard, Christine C. AU - Airoldi, Laura DA - 05/13/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms4794 M3 - Article PY - 2014 SP - 3794 ST - The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation T2 - Nature Communications TI - The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation VL - 5 ID - 25497 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferrenberg, Scott AU - Tucker, Colin L. AU - Reed, Sasha C. DO - 10.1002/fee.1469 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 160-167 ST - Biological soil crusts: Diminutive communities of potential global importance T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Biological soil crusts: Diminutive communities of potential global importance VL - 15 ID - 23763 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Ferriter, Amy CY - Gainesville, FL PB - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council PY - 1997 SP - 26 ST - Brazilian Pepper Management Plan for Florida TI - Brazilian Pepper Management Plan for Florida UR - http://www.fleppc.org/Manage_Plans/schinus.pdf ID - 24418 ER - TY - DATA AU - Fetterer, F., K. Knowles, W. Meier, and M. Savoie C4 - a6a7c7f0-d509-4458-a4ae-3d85f222da64 CY - Boulder, CO DO - 10.7265/N5736NV7 ET - 2 PB - National Snow and Ice Data Center PY - 2016, updated daily ST - Sea Ice Index, Version 2 TI - Sea Ice Index, Version 2 ID - 20790 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fettig, Christopher J. AU - Klepzig, Kier D. AU - Billings, Ronald F. AU - Munson, A. Steven AU - Nebeker, T. Evan AU - Negrón, Jose F. AU - Nowak, John T. DA - 2007/01/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.10.011 IS - 1 KW - Stand density Thinning Prescribed fire Slash management Scolytinae PY - 2007 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 24-53 ST - The effectiveness of vegetation management practices for prevention and control of bark beetle infestations in coniferous forests of the western and southern United States T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - The effectiveness of vegetation management practices for prevention and control of bark beetle infestations in coniferous forests of the western and southern United States VL - 238 ID - 22000 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Earth's mean surface air temperature has warmed by 1° C over the last 100 years and is projected to increase at a faster rate in the future, accompanied by changes in precipitation patterns and increases in the occurrence of extreme weather events. In western North America, projected increases in mean annual temperatures range from 1 to 3.5° C by the 2050s, and although projected changes in precipitation patterns are more complex to model, more frequent and severe droughts are expected in many areas. For long-lived tree species, because of their relatively slow rates of migration, climate change will likely result in a mismatch between the climate that trees are currently adapted to and the climate that trees will experience in the future. Individual trees or populations exposed to climate conditions outside their climatic niches may be maladapted, resulting in compromised productivity and increased vulnerability to disturbance, specifically insects and pathogens. In western North America, as elsewhere, several recent assessments have concluded that forests are being affected by climate change and will become increasingly vulnerable to mortality as a result of the direct and indirect effects of climate change. Droughts associated with higher temperatures may accelerate levels of tree mortality, for example, because elevated temperatures increase metabolic rates without increasing photosynthesis rates, thus compromising a tree's ability to create defenses against insects and pathogens. Distributions of the climatic niches of some tree species in western North America are predicted to change by up to 200% during this century based on bioclimate envelope modeling. We discuss the science of climate change, the implications of projected climatic changes to forest ecosystems in western North America, and the essential roles of forest managers, policymakers, and scientists in addressing climate change. AU - Fettig, Christopher J. AU - Reid, Mary L. AU - Bentz, Barbara J. AU - Sevanto, Sanna AU - Spittlehouse, David L. AU - Wang, Tongli DA - // DO - 10.5849/jof.12-085 IS - 3 KW - bioclimatic envelopes climate change disturbance ecology forest ecology tree physiology PY - 2013 SP - 214-228 ST - Changing climates, changing forests: A western North American perspective T2 - Journal of Forestry TI - Changing climates, changing forests: A western North American perspective VL - 111 ID - 21999 ER - TY - WEB AU - FEWS NET CY - [Washington, DC] PB - USAID, FEWS NET PY - 2017 ST - Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) web site TI - Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) web site UR - http://www.fews.net/ ID - 22144 ER - TY - WEB AU - FEWS NET PB - Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) and U.S. Agency for International Development PY - 2018 ST - Large Assistance Needs and Famine Risk Continue in 2018 [Infographic] TI - Large Assistance Needs and Famine Risk Continue in 2018 [Infographic] UR - https://fews.net/sites/default/files/Food_assistance_needs_Peak_Needs_2018-Final.pdf ID - 26733 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FHA CY - Washington, DC PB - Federal Highway Administration, Office of Highway Policy Information PY - 2016 SP - 5 ST - [Highway Statistics] Functional System Length—2016: Miles by Ownership—Rural TI - [Highway Statistics] Functional System Length—2016: Miles by Ownership—Rural UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics/2016/pdf/hm50.pdf ID - 25915 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Douglass, S.L. A2 - Krolak, J. AU - FHWA C6 - NCA CY - Mobile, AL DA - June 2008 PB - Federal Highway Administration. Department of Civil Engineering, University of South Alabama PY - 2008 SN - Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 25. FHWA-NHI-07-096 SP - 250 ST - Highways in the Coastal Environment, Second Edition TI - Highways in the Coastal Environment, Second Edition UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/hydraulics/pubs/07096/07096.pdf ID - 13393 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FHWA CY - Washington, DC PB - Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) PY - 2014 SP - 6 ST - Order 5520: Transportation System Preparedness and Resilience to Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events TI - Order 5520: Transportation System Preparedness and Resilience to Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/legsregs/directives/orders/5520.pdf ID - 26053 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FHWA PB - Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) PY - 2016 SN - FHWA-HEP-17-015 SP - 32 ST - Barrier Island Roadway Overwashing From Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge: US 98 on Okaloosa Island, Florida (TEACR Engineering Assessment) TI - Barrier Island Roadway Overwashing From Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge: US 98 on Okaloosa Island, Florida (TEACR Engineering Assessment) UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/ongoing_and_current_research/teacr/fl_us_98/fhwahep17015.pdf ID - 26054 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FHWA PB - Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) PY - 2016 SN - FHWA-HEP-17-016 SP - 29 ST - Living Shoreline Along Coastal Roadways Exposed to Sea Level Rise: Shore Road in Brookhaven, New York (TEACR Engineering Assessment) TI - Living Shoreline Along Coastal Roadways Exposed to Sea Level Rise: Shore Road in Brookhaven, New York (TEACR Engineering Assessment) UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/ongoing_and_current_research/teacr/ny_shore_road/fhwahep17016.pdf ID - 26055 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FHWA CY - Washington, DC NV - FHWA-HEP-16-076 PB - Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA), Climate Resilience Pilot Program PY - 2017 SP - 4 ST - FHWA Climate Resilience Pilot Program: Tennessee Department of Transportation TI - FHWA Climate Resilience Pilot Program: Tennessee Department of Transportation UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/pilots/2013-2015_pilots/tennessee/index.cfm ID - 24422 ER - TY - RPRT AU - FHWA PB - Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) PY - 2017 SN - FHWA-HEP-18-021 SP - 119 ST - Wildfire and Precipitation Impacts to a Culvert: US 34 at Canyon Cove Lane, Colorado (TEACR Engineering Assessment) TI - Wildfire and Precipitation Impacts to a Culvert: US 34 at Canyon Cove Lane, Colorado (TEACR Engineering Assessment) UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/ongoing_and_current_research/teacr/colorado/fhwahep18021.pdf ID - 26056 ER - TY - WEB AU - FHWA CY - Washington, DC M1 - April 13 PB - Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) PY - 2018 ST - FHWA Sustainability: Resilience [web site] TI - FHWA Sustainability: Resilience [web site] UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/ VL - 2018 ID - 25914 ER - TY - WEB AU - FHWA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration PY - 2018 ST - Transportation Engineering Approaches to Climate Resiliency (TEACR) Study [web site] TI - Transportation Engineering Approaches to Climate Resiliency (TEACR) Study [web site] UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/ongoing_and_current_research/teacr/ ID - 26285 ER - TY - WEB AU - FHWA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration PY - 2018 ST - Gulf Coast Study [web site] TI - Gulf Coast Study [web site] UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/ongoing_and_current_research/gulf_coast_study/index.cfm ID - 26286 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ficklin, Darren L. AU - Luo, Yuzhou AU - Zhang, Minghua DO - 10.1002/hyp.9386 IS - 18 KW - SWAT climate change agricultural pollution streamflow sediment nitrate PY - 2013 SN - 1099-1085 SP - 2666-2675 ST - Climate change sensitivity assessment of streamflow and agricultural pollutant transport in California's Central Valley using Latin hypercube sampling T2 - Hydrological Processes TI - Climate change sensitivity assessment of streamflow and agricultural pollutant transport in California's Central Valley using Latin hypercube sampling VL - 27 ID - 21487 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fidel, Maryann AU - Kliskey, Andrew AU - Alessa, Lilian AU - Sutton, Olga P. DA - 2014/01/02 DO - 10.1080/1088937X.2013.879613 IS - 1 N1 - (Olia) PY - 2014 SN - 1088-937X SP - 48-68 ST - Walrus harvest locations reflect adaptation: A contribution from a community-based observation network in the Bering Sea T2 - Polar Geography TI - Walrus harvest locations reflect adaptation: A contribution from a community-based observation network in the Bering Sea VL - 37 ID - 24942 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fiechter, Jerome AU - Rose, Kenneth A. AU - Curchitser, Enrique N. AU - Hedstrom, Katherine S. DA - 2015/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.11.013 PY - 2015 SN - 0079-6611 SP - 381-398 ST - The role of environmental controls in determining sardine and anchovy population cycles in the California Current: Analysis of an end-to-end model T2 - Progress in Oceanography TI - The role of environmental controls in determining sardine and anchovy population cycles in the California Current: Analysis of an end-to-end model VL - 138 ID - 24832 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Field, C.B. AU - Barros, V.R. AU - Mach, K.J. AU - Mastrandrea, M.D. AU - Aalst, M. van AU - Adger, W.N. AU - Arent, D.J. AU - Barnett, J. AU - Betts, R. AU - Bilir, T.E. AU - Birkmann, J. AU - Carmin, J. AU - Chadee, D.D. AU - Challinor, A.J. AU - Chatterjee, M. AU - Cramer, W. AU - Davidson, D.J. AU - Estrada, Y.O. AU - Gattuso, J.-P. AU - Hijioka, Y. AU - Hoegh-Guldberg, O. AU - Huang, H.Q. AU - Insarov, G.E. AU - Jones, R.N. AU - Kovats, R.S. AU - Romero-Lankao, P. AU - Larsen, J.N. AU - Losada, I.J. AU - Marengo, J.A. AU - McLean, R.F. AU - Mearns, L.O. AU - Mechler, R. AU - Morton, J.F. AU - Niang, I. AU - Oki, T. AU - Olwoch, J.M. AU - Opondo, M. AU - Poloczanska, E.S. AU - Pörtner, H.-O. AU - Redsteer, M.H. AU - Reisinger, A. AU - Revi, A. AU - Schmidt, D.N. AU - Shaw, M.R. AU - Solecki, W. AU - Stone, D.A. AU - Stone, J.M.R. AU - Strzepek, K.M. AU - Suarez, A.G. AU - Tschakert, P. AU - Valentini, R. AU - Vicuña, S. AU - Villamizar, A. AU - Vincent, K.E. AU - Warren, R. AU - White, L.L. AU - Wilbanks, T.J. AU - Wong, P.P. AU - Yohe, G.W. C4 - afbe359c-8f8d-4bff-a7ad-a8964262de37 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SP - 35-94 ST - Technical summary T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. TI - Technical summary UR - http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ ID - 23123 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Field, Christopher R. AU - Gjerdrum, Carina AU - Elphick, Chris S. DA - 2016/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.07.035 KW - Coastal forest Ecosystem resilience Marsh migration Sea-level rise Tidal salt marsh Vegetation change PY - 2016 SN - 0006-3207 SP - 363-369 ST - Forest resistance to sea-level rise prevents landward migration of tidal marsh T2 - Biological Conservation TI - Forest resistance to sea-level rise prevents landward migration of tidal marsh VL - 201 ID - 26186 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Field, Donald W. AU - Reyer, Anthony J. AU - Genovese, Paul V. AU - Shearer, Beth D. CY - Washington, DC NV - A Special NOAA 20th Anniversary Report PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 1991 SP - 59 ST - Coastal Wetlands of the United States: An Accounting of a Valuable National Resource TI - Coastal Wetlands of the United States: An Accounting of a Valuable National Resource UR - https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002499265 ID - 24419 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Renewable fuel standards in the US and elsewhere mandate the production of large quantities of cellulosic biofuels with low greenhouse gas (GHG) footprints, a requirement which will likely entail extensive cultivation of dedicated bioenergy feedstock crops on marginal agricultural lands. Performance data for such systems is sparse, and non‐linear interactions between the feedstock species, agronomic management intensity, and underlying soil and land characteristics complicate the development of sustainable landscape design strategies for low‐impact commercial‐scale feedstock production. Process‐based ecosystem models are valuable for extrapolating field trial results and making predictions of productivity and associated environmental impacts that integrate the effects of spatially variable environmental factors across diverse production landscapes. However, there are few examples of ecosystem model parameterization against field trials on both prime and marginal lands or of conducting landscape‐scale analyses at sufficient resolution to capture interactions between soil type, land use, and management intensity. In this work we used a data‐diverse, multi‐criteria approach to parameterize and validate the DayCent biogeochemistry model for upland and lowland switchgrass using data on yields, soil carbon changes, and soil nitrous oxide emissions from US field trials spanning a range of climates, soil types, and management conditions. We then conducted a high‐resolution case study analysis of a real‐world cellulosic biofuel landscape in Kansas in order to estimate feedstock production potential and associated direct biogenic GHG emissions footprint. Our results suggest that switchgrass yields and emissions balance can vary greatly across a landscape large enough to supply a biorefinery in response to variations in soil type and land‐use history, but that within a given land base both of these performance factors can be widely modulated by changing management intensity. This in turn implies a large sustainable cellulosic biofuel landscape design space within which a system can be optimized to meet economic or environmental objectives. AU - Field, John L. AU - Marx, Ernie AU - Easter, Mark AU - Adler, Paul R. AU - Paustian, Keith DO - 10.1111/gcbb.12316 IS - 6 PY - 2016 SP - 1106-1123 ST - Ecosystem model parameterization and adaptation for sustainable cellulosic biofuel landscape design T2 - GCB Bioenergy TI - Ecosystem model parameterization and adaptation for sustainable cellulosic biofuel landscape design VL - 8 ID - 25569 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Field, Michael E. AU - Cochran, Susan A. AU - Logan, Joshua B. AU - Storlazzi, Curt D. CY - Reston, VA M1 - USGS Scientific Investigation Report 2007-5101 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2008 SN - 9781411322882 1411322886 SP - 180 ST - The Coral Reef of South Moloka`i, Hawai`i; Portrait of a Sediment-Threatened Fringing Reef TI - The Coral Reef of South Moloka`i, Hawai`i; Portrait of a Sediment-Threatened Fringing Reef UR - https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5101/ Y2 - 2017/09/22/21:43:11 ID - 22422 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Filippini, Roberto AU - Silva, Andrés DA - 2014/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ress.2013.09.010 KW - System analysis Resilience Critical infrastructures Systems-of-systems PY - 2014 SN - 0951-8320 SP - 82-91 ST - A modeling framework for the resilience analysis of networked systems-of-systems based on functional dependencies T2 - Reliability Engineering & System Safety TI - A modeling framework for the resilience analysis of networked systems-of-systems based on functional dependencies VL - 125 ID - 21441 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fillion, Myriam AU - Laird, Brian AU - Douglas, Vasiliki AU - Van Pelt, Linda AU - Archie, Diane AU - Chan, Hing Man DO - 10.3402/ijch.v73.25091 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SP - 25091 ST - Development of a strategic plan for food security and safety in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Canada T2 - International Journal of Circumpolar Health TI - Development of a strategic plan for food security and safety in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Canada VL - 73 ID - 22199 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Fink, Sheri AU - Blinder, Alan DA - Aug. 28, 2017 PY - 2017 SE - U.S. ST - Houston’s hospitals treat storm victims and become victims themselves T2 - New York Times TI - Houston’s hospitals treat storm victims and become victims themselves UR - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/28/us/hurricane-harvey-houston-hospitals-rescue.html ID - 23228 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Finzi Hart, J.A. AU - Grifman, P.M. AU - Moser, S.C. AU - Abeles, A. AU - Myers, M.R. AU - Schlosser, S.C. AU - Ekstrom, J.A. C6 - NCA PB - University of Southern California Sea Grant PY - 2012 SP - 76 ST - Rising to the Challenge: Results of the 2011 Coastal California Adaptation Needs Assessment. USCSG-TR-01-2012 TI - Rising to the Challenge: Results of the 2011 Coastal California Adaptation Needs Assessment. USCSG-TR-01-2012 UR - http://ca-sgep.ucsd.edu/sites/ca-sgep.ucsd.edu/files/advisors/mrmyers/files/CCSurveyReportOnline.pdf ID - 13403 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Understanding the surface O3 response over a “receptor” region to emission changes over a foreign “source” region is key to evaluating the potential gains from an international approach to abate ozone (O3) pollution. We apply an ensemble of 21 global and hemispheric chemical transport models to estimate the spatial average surface O3 response over east Asia (EA), Europe (EU), North America (NA), and south Asia (SA) to 20% decreases in anthropogenic emissions of the O3 precursors, NOx, NMVOC, and CO (individually and combined), from each of these regions. We find that the ensemble mean surface O3 concentrations in the base case (year 2001) simulation matches available observations throughout the year over EU but overestimates them by >10 ppb during summer and early fall over the eastern United States and Japan. The sum of the O3 responses to NOx, CO, and NMVOC decreases separately is approximately equal to that from a simultaneous reduction of all precursors. We define a continental-scale “import sensitivity” as the ratio of the O3 response to the 20% reductions in foreign versus “domestic” (i.e., over the source region itself) emissions. For example, the combined reduction of emissions from the three foreign regions produces an ensemble spatial mean decrease of 0.6 ppb over EU (0.4 ppb from NA), less than the 0.8 ppb from the reduction of EU emissions, leading to an import sensitivity ratio of 0.7. The ensemble mean surface O3 response to foreign emissions is largest in spring and late fall (0.7–0.9 ppb decrease in all regions from the combined precursor reductions in the three foreign regions), with import sensitivities ranging from 0.5 to 1.1 (responses to domestic emission reductions are 0.8–1.6 ppb). High O3 values are much more sensitive to domestic emissions than to foreign emissions, as indicated by lower import sensitivities of 0.2 to 0.3 during July in EA, EU, and NA when O3 levels are typically highest and by the weaker relative response of annual incidences of daily maximum 8-h average O3 above 60 ppb to emission reductions in a foreign region (<10–20% of that to domestic) as compared to the annual mean response (up to 50% of that to domestic). Applying the ensemble annual mean results to changes in anthropogenic emissions from 1996 to 2002, we estimate a Northern Hemispheric increase in background surface O3 of about 0.1 ppb a−1, at the low end of the 0.1–0.5 ppb a−1 derived from observations. From an additional simulation in which global atmospheric methane was reduced, we infer that 20% reductions in anthropogenic methane emissions from a foreign source region would yield an O3 response in a receptor region that roughly equals that produced by combined 20% reductions of anthropogenic NOx, NMVOC, and CO emissions from the foreign source region. AU - Fiore, A. M. AU - Dentener, F. J. AU - Wild, O. AU - Cuvelier, C. AU - Schultz, M. G. AU - Hess, P. AU - Textor, C. AU - Schulz, M. AU - Doherty, R. M. AU - Horowitz, L. W. AU - MacKenzie, I. A. AU - Sanderson, M. G. AU - Shindell, D. T. AU - Stevenson, D. S. AU - Szopa, S. AU - Van Dingenen, R. AU - Zeng, G. AU - Atherton, C. AU - Bergmann, D. AU - Bey, I. AU - Carmichael, G. AU - Collins, W. J. AU - Duncan, B. N. AU - Faluvegi, G. AU - Folberth, G. AU - Gauss, M. AU - Gong, S. AU - Hauglustaine, D. AU - Holloway, T. AU - Isaksen, I. S. A. AU - Jacob, D. J. AU - Jonson, J. E. AU - Kaminski, J. W. AU - Keating, T. J. AU - Lupu, A. AU - Marmer, E. AU - Montanaro, V. AU - Park, R. J. AU - Pitari, G. AU - Pringle, K. J. AU - Pyle, J. A. AU - Schroeder, S. AU - Vivanco, M. G. AU - Wind, P. AU - Wojcik, G. AU - Wu, S. AU - Zuber, A. DO - 10.1029/2008JD010816 IS - D4 PY - 2009 SP - D04301 ST - Multimodel estimates of intercontinental source-receptor relationships for ozone pollution T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres TI - Multimodel estimates of intercontinental source-receptor relationships for ozone pollution VL - 114 ID - 25895 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fiore, Arlene M. AU - Naik, Vaishali AU - Leibensperger, Eric M. DO - 10.1080/10962247.2015.1040526 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SP - 645-685 ST - Air quality and climate connections T2 - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association TI - Air quality and climate connections VL - 65 ID - 19147 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Fischbach, Jordan R. AU - Siler-Evans, Kyle AU - Tierney, Devin AU - Wilson, Michael T. AU - Cook, Lauren M. AU - May, Linnea Warren CY - Santa Monica, CA DO - 10.7249/RR1673 N1 - ISBN: 9780833097958 PB - RAND Corporation PY - 2017 RP - ISBN: 9780833097958 SN - RR0-1673-MCF SP - 120 ST - Robust Stormwater Management in the Pittsburgh Region: A Pilot Study TI - Robust Stormwater Management in the Pittsburgh Region: A Pilot Study UR - https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1673.html ID - 26088 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Environmental phenomena are often observed first, and then explained quantitatively. The complexity of processes, the range of scales involved, and the lack of first principles make it challenging to predict conditions beyond the ones observed. Here we use the intensification of heavy precipitation as a counterexample, where seemingly complex and potentially computationally intractable processes manifest themselves to first order in simple ways: heavy precipitation intensification is now emerging in the observed record across many regions of the world, confirming both theory and model predictions made decades ago. As the anthropogenic climate signal strengthens, there will be more opportunities to test climate predictions for other variables against observations and across a hierarchy of different models and theoretical concepts. AU - Fischer, E. M. AU - Knutti, R. DA - 11//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate3110 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 986-991 ST - Observed heavy precipitation increase confirms theory and early models T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Observed heavy precipitation increase confirms theory and early models VL - 6 ID - 21055 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fischer, Joern AU - Lindenmayer, David B. AU - Manning, Adrian D. DO - 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0080:BEFART]2.0.CO;2 IS - 2 PY - 2006 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 80-86 ST - Biodiversity, ecosystem function, and resilience: Ten guiding principles for commodity production landscapes T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Biodiversity, ecosystem function, and resilience: Ten guiding principles for commodity production landscapes VL - 4 ID - 23376 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fisher, J. B. AU - Sikka, M. AU - Oechel, W. C. AU - Huntzinger, D. N. AU - Melton, J. R. AU - Koven, C. D. AU - Ahlström, A. AU - Arain, M. A. AU - Baker, I. AU - Chen, J. M. AU - Ciais, P. AU - Davidson, C. AU - Dietze, M. AU - El-Masri, B. AU - Hayes, D. AU - Huntingford, C. AU - Jain, A. K. AU - Levy, P. E. AU - Lomas, M. R. AU - Poulter, B. AU - Price, D. AU - Sahoo, A. K. AU - Schaefer, K. AU - Tian, H. AU - Tomelleri, E. AU - Verbeeck, H. AU - Viovy, N. AU - Wania, R. AU - Zeng, N. AU - Miller, C. E. DO - 10.5194/bg-11-4271-2014 IS - 15 PY - 2014 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 4271-4288 ST - Carbon cycle uncertainty in the Alaskan arctic T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Carbon cycle uncertainty in the Alaskan arctic VL - 11 ID - 20556 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper offers a critical review of modeling practice in the field of integrated assessment of climate change and ways forward. Past efforts in integrated assessment have concentrated on developing baseline trajectories of emissions and mitigation scenario analyses. A key missing component in Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) is the representation of climate impacts and adaptation responses. In this paper, we identify key biases that are introduced when climate impacts and adaptation responses are omitted from the analysis and review the state of modeling studies that attempt to capture these feedbacks. A common problem in these IAM studies is the lack of connection with empirical studies. We therefore also review the state of the empirical work on climate impacts and identify ways that this connection could be improved. AU - Fisher-Vanden, Karen AU - Sue Wing, Ian AU - Lanzi, Elisa AU - Popp, David DA - April 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-012-0644-9 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 481-495 ST - Modeling climate change feedbacks and adaptation responses: Recent approaches and shortcomings T2 - Climatic Change TI - Modeling climate change feedbacks and adaptation responses: Recent approaches and shortcomings VL - 117 ID - 24491 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fisichelli, Nicholas A. AU - Abella, Scott R. AU - Peters, Matthew AU - Krist, Frank J. DA - 2014/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.04.033 KW - Climate change adaptation Eastern United States Forest health Nonnative species Vulnerability Assessment PY - 2014 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 31-39 ST - Climate, trees, pests, and weeds: Change, uncertainty, and biotic stressors in eastern U.S. national park forests T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Climate, trees, pests, and weeds: Change, uncertainty, and biotic stressors in eastern U.S. national park forests VL - 327 ID - 21137 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change adaptation is a rapidly evolving field in conservation biology and includes a range of strategies from resisting to actively directing change on the landscape. The term ‘climate change resilience,’ frequently used to characterize adaptation strategies, deserves closer scrutiny because it is ambiguous, often misunderstood, and difficult to apply consistently across disciplines and spatial and temporal scales to support conservation efforts. Current definitions of resilience encompass all aspects of adaptation from resisting and absorbing change to reorganizing and transforming in response to climate change. However, many stakeholders are unfamiliar with this spectrum of definitions and assume the more common meaning of returning to a previous state after a disturbance. Climate change, however, is unrelenting and intensifying, characterized by both directional shifts in baseline conditions and increasing variability in extreme events. This ongoing change means that scientific understanding and management responses must develop concurrently, iteratively, and collaboratively, in a science-management partnership. Divergent concepts of climate change resilience impede cross-jurisdictional adaptation efforts and complicate use of adaptive management frameworks. Climate change adaptation practitioners require clear terminology to articulate management strategies and the inherent tradeoffs involved in adaptation. Language that distinguishes among strategies that seek to resist change, accommodate change, and direct change (i.e., persistence, autonomous change, and directed change) is prerequisite to clear communication about climate change adaptation goals and management intentions in conservation areas. AU - Fisichelli, Nicholas A. AU - Schuurman, Gregor W. AU - Hoffman, Cat Hawkins DA - April 01 DO - 10.1007/s00267-015-0650-6 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1432-1009 SP - 753-758 ST - Is "resilience" maladaptive? Towards an accurate lexicon for climate change adaptation T2 - Environmental Management TI - Is "resilience" maladaptive? Towards an accurate lexicon for climate change adaptation VL - 57 ID - 24185 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change will affect not only natural and cultural resources within protected areas but also tourism and visitation patterns. The U.S. National Park Service systematically collects data regarding its 270+ million annual recreation visits, and therefore provides an opportunity to examine how human visitation may respond to climate change from the tropics to the polar regions. To assess the relationship between climate and park visitation, we evaluated historical monthly mean air temperature and visitation data (1979–2013) at 340 parks and projected potential future visitation (2041–2060) based on two warming-climate scenarios and two visitation-growth scenarios. For the entire park system a third-order polynomial temperature model explained 69% of the variation in historical visitation trends. Visitation generally increased with increasing average monthly temperature, but decreased strongly with temperatures > 25°C. Linear to polynomial monthly temperature models also explained historical visitation at individual parks (R2 0.12-0.99, mean = 0.79, median = 0.87). Future visitation at almost all parks (95%) may change based on historical temperature, historical visitation, and future temperature projections. Warming-mediated increases in potential visitation are projected for most months in most parks (67–77% of months; range across future scenarios), resulting in future increases in total annual visits across the park system (8–23%) and expansion of the visitation season at individual parks (13–31 days). Although very warm months at some parks may see decreases in future visitation, this potential change represents a relatively small proportion of visitation across the national park system. A changing climate is likely to have cascading and complex effects on protected area visitation, management, and local economies. Results suggest that protected areas and neighboring communities that develop adaptation strategies for these changes may be able to both capitalize on opportunities and minimize detriment related to changing visitation. AU - Fisichelli, Nicholas A. AU - Schuurman, Gregor W. AU - Monahan, William B. AU - Ziesler, Pamela S. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0128226 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SP - e0128226 ST - Protected area tourism in a changing climate: Will visitation at US national parks warm up or overheat? T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Protected area tourism in a changing climate: Will visitation at US national parks warm up or overheat? VL - 10 ID - 24669 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fisk, William J. DO - 10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.12.024 KW - Building Climate change Health Indoor air quality Indoor environmental quality Mitigation PY - 2015 RN - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132314004417 SN - 0360-1323 SP - 70-80 ST - Review of some effects of climate change on indoor environmental quality and health and associated no-regrets mitigation measures T2 - Building and Environment TI - Review of some effects of climate change on indoor environmental quality and health and associated no-regrets mitigation measures VL - 86 ID - 18473 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Fiske, Shirley AU - Hubacek, Klaus AU - Jorgenson, Andrew AU - Li, Jia AU - McGovern, Tom AU - Rick, Torben AU - Schor, Juliet AU - Solecki, William AU - York, Richard AU - Zycherman, Ariela CY - Washington, DC PB - USGCRP PY - 2018 SP - 37 ST - Drivers and Responses: Social Science Perspectives on Climate Change, Part 2 TI - Drivers and Responses: Social Science Perspectives on Climate Change, Part 2 UR - https://www.globalchange.gov/content/social-science-perspectives-climate-change-workshop ID - 26084 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although the global climate is changing at an unprecedented rate, links between weather and infectious disease have received little attention in high income countries. The “El Niño Southern Oscillation” (ENSO) occurs irregularly and is associated with changing temperature and precipitation patterns. We studied the impact of ENSO on infectious diseases in four census regions in the United States. We evaluated infectious diseases requiring hospitalization using the US National Hospital Discharge Survey (1970–2010) and five disease groupings that may undergo epidemiological shifts with changing climate: (i) vector-borne diseases, (ii) pneumonia and influenza, (iii) enteric disease, (iv) zoonotic bacterial disease, and (v) fungal disease. ENSO exposure was based on the Multivariate ENSO Index. Distributed lag models, with adjustment for seasonal oscillation and long-term trends, were used to evaluate the impact of ENSO on disease incidence over lags of up to 12 mo. ENSO was associated more with vector-borne disease [relative risk (RR) 2.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–8.48] and less with enteric disease (0.73, 95% CI 0.62–0.87) in the Western region; the increase in vector-borne disease was attributable to increased risk of rickettsioses and tick-borne infectious diseases. By contrast, ENSO was associated with more enteric disease in non-Western regions (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.15). The periodic nature of ENSO may make it a useful natural experiment for evaluation of the impact of climatic shifts on infectious disease risk. The impact of ENSO suggests that warmer temperatures and extreme variation in precipitation events influence risks of vector-borne and enteric disease in the United States. AU - Fisman, David N. AU - Tuite, Ashleigh R. AU - Brown, Kevin A. DA - December 20, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1604980113 IS - 51 PY - 2016 SP - 14589-14594 ST - Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on infectious disease hospitalization risk in the United States T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on infectious disease hospitalization risk in the United States VL - 113 ID - 24127 ER - TY - CHAP AU - FitzGerald, D. M. AU - Fenster, M. S. AU - Argow, B. A. AU - Buynevich, I. V. C4 - 15451c8d-0add-40c7-a7e6-c286ccbf76f6 CY - Palo Alto DO - 10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140139 KW - barrier islands; tidal inlets; salt marsh; wetlands; inundation; estuaries; equilibrium slope; equilibrium beach profiles; mississippi delta plain; west-central; florida; wave-built terraces; salt-marsh; shoreface profile; north-carolina; united-states; sediment transport; tropical cyclones PB - Annual Reviews PY - 2008 SN - 0084-6597; 978-0-8243-2036-2 SP - 601-647 ST - Coastal impacts due to sea-level rise T2 - Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences T3 - Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences TI - Coastal impacts due to sea-level rise VL - 36 ID - 13413 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Flannigan, Mike AU - Stocks, Brian AU - Turetsky, Merritt AU - Wotton, Mike DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01660.x IS - 3 KW - carbon balance circumboreal forest climate change fire management forest fires peatlands PY - 2009 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 549-560 ST - Impacts of climate change on fire activity and fire management in the circumboreal forest T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Impacts of climate change on fire activity and fire management in the circumboreal forest VL - 15 ID - 19818 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Flato, G. AU - Marotzke, J. AU - Abiodun, B. AU - Braconnot, P. AU - Chou, S.C. AU - Collins, W. AU - Cox, P. AU - Driouech, F. AU - Emori, S. AU - Eyring, V. AU - Forest, C. AU - Gleckler, P. AU - Guilyardi, E. AU - Jakob, C. AU - Kattsov, V. AU - Reason, C. AU - Rummukainen, M. C4 - a46eaad1-5c17-46f7-bba6-d3fee718a092 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 SE - 9 SN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 741–866 ST - Evaluation of climate models T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Evaluation of climate models UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ ID - 16454 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Flatt, Victor B. IS - 1 PY - 2012 SP - 269-293 ST - Adapting laws for a changing world: A systemic approach to climate change adaptation T2 - Florida Law Review TI - Adapting laws for a changing world: A systemic approach to climate change adaptation UR - https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/flr/vol64/iss1/6/ VL - 64 ID - 25883 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Flechas, Joey CY - Miami, FL DA - January 28, updated March 23 PB - Miami Herald PY - 2017 ST - Miami Beach to begin new $100 million flood prevention project in face of sea level rise T2 - Miami Herald TI - Miami Beach to begin new $100 million flood prevention project in face of sea level rise UR - http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/miami-beach/article129284119.html ID - 24201 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Fleck, John C4 - 23772b80-0e09-4bbe-9521-5ef22d8c5e15 CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2016 SN - 9781610916790 9781610916806 SP - 264 ST - Water Is for Fighting Over and Other Myths about Water in the West TI - Water Is for Fighting Over and Other Myths about Water in the West ID - 25967 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change has contributed to increasing temperatures, earlier snowmelts and thinning ice packs in the Arctic, where crossing frozen bodies of water is essential for transportation and subsistence living. In some Arctic communities, anecdotal reports indicate a growing belief that falling-through-the-ice (FTI) are increasing. The objective of this study was to describe the morbidity and mortality associated with unintentional FTIs in Alaska.MethodsWe searched newspaper reports to identify FTI events from 1990 to 2010. We also used data from a trauma registry, occupational health and law enforcement registries and vital statistics to supplement the newspaper reports. Morbidity and mortality rates were calculated for Alaska Native (AN) people and all Alaskans.ResultsDuring the 21-year period, we identified 307 events, affecting at least 449 people. Events ranged from no morbidity to fatalities of five people. More than half of the events involved transportation by snow machine. Mortality rates were markedly higher for AN people than that for all Alaskans.ConclusionsWe provide a numeric estimate of the importance of FTI events in Alaska. FTIs may represent an adverse health outcome related to climate changes in the Arctic, and may be particularly critical for vulnerable populations such as AN people. AU - Fleischer, N. L. AU - Melstrom, P. AU - Yard, E. AU - Brubaker, M. AU - Thomas, T. DO - 10.1093/pubmed/fdt081 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SN - 1741-3842 SP - 235-242 ST - The epidemiology of falling-through-the-ice in Alaska, 1990–2010 T2 - Journal of Public Health TI - The epidemiology of falling-through-the-ice in Alaska, 1990–2010 VL - 36 ID - 26545 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Fleming, E. AU - Payne, J. AU - Sweet, W. AU - Craghan, M. AU - Haines, J. AU - Hart, J.F. AU - Stiller, H. AU - Sutton-Grier, A. C4 - 9e2a44e9-cf33-49f9-8e6f-68b248635589 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH8 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 8 SP - xxx ST - Coastal Effects T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Coastal Effects ID - 26642 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Flessa, Karl AU - Kendy, Eloise AU - Schlatter, Karen CY - Tucson, AZ PB - University of Arizona (for the International Boundary and Water Commission) PY - 2016 SP - 78 ST - Minute 319: Colorado River Limitrophe and Delta Environmental Flows Monitoring. Interim Report TI - Minute 319: Colorado River Limitrophe and Delta Environmental Flows Monitoring. Interim Report UR - https://www.ibwc.gov/Files/Minutes%20319/2016_EFM_InterimReport_Min319.pdf ID - 23954 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Fletcher, Charles H. C4 - 7b5fe2d1-69d1-4bf4-a562-c61808cb43ac CY - Honolulu, HI. DA - 2016/09/06/ PY - 2016 SE - 6 Sep 2016 ST - IUCN: We need public service announcements about climate change T2 - Honolulu Civil Beat TI - IUCN: We need public service announcements about climate change UR - http://www.civilbeat.org/2016/09/iucn-we-need-public-service-announcements-about-climate-change/ ID - 22423 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Fletcher, Charles H. AU - Richmond, Bruce M. CY - Honolulu, HI DA - 2010 M3 - A Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service NV - Report of Findings 2010 PB - Hawaii Sea Grant College Program PY - 2010 SP - 29 ST - Climate Change in the Federated States of Micronesia: Food and Water Security, Climate Risk Management, and Adaptive Strategies TI - Climate Change in the Federated States of Micronesia: Food and Water Security, Climate Risk Management, and Adaptive Strategies UR - http://national.doe.fm/Climate%20Change/Climate%20change%20in%20the%20FSM.pdf ID - 22424 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Flint, Madeleine M. AU - Fringer, Oliver AU - Billington, Sarah L. AU - Freyberg, David AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S. DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000354 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SP - 04017005 ST - Historical analysis of hydraulic bridge collapses in the continental United States T2 - Journal of Infrastructure Systems TI - Historical analysis of hydraulic bridge collapses in the continental United States VL - 23 ID - 21830 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Threats to migratory animals can occur at multiple periods of the annual cycle that are separated by thousands of kilometres and span international borders. Populations of the iconic monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) of eastern North America have declined over the last 21 years. Three hypotheses have been posed to explain the decline: habitat loss on the overwintering grounds in Mexico, habitat loss on the breeding grounds in the United States and Canada, and extreme weather events. Our objectives were to assess population viability, determine which life stage, season and geographical region are contributing the most to population dynamics and test the three hypotheses that explain the observed population decline. We developed a spatially structured, stochastic and density-dependent periodic projection matrix model that integrates patterns of migratory connectivity and demographic vital rates across the annual cycle. We used perturbation analysis to determine the sensitivity of population abundance to changes in vital rate among life stages, seasons and geographical regions. Next, we compared the singular effects of each threat to the full model where all factors operate concurrently. Finally, we generated predictions to assess the risk of host plant loss as a result of genetically modified crops on current and future monarch butterfly population size and extinction probability. Our year-round population model predicted population declines of 14% and a quasi-extinction probability (<1000 individuals) >5% within a century. Monarch abundance was more than four times more sensitive to perturbations of vital rates on the breeding grounds than on the wintering grounds. Simulations that considered only forest loss or climate change in Mexico predicted higher population sizes compared to milkweed declines on the breeding grounds. Our model predictions also suggest that mitigating the negative effects of genetically modified crops results in higher population size and lower extinction risk. Recent population declines stem from reduction in milkweed host plants in the United States that arise from increasing adoption of genetically modified crops and land-use change, not from climate change or degradation of forest habitats in Mexico. Therefore, reducing the negative effects of host plant loss on the breeding grounds is the top conservation priority to slow or halt future population declines of monarch butterflies in North America. AU - Flockhart, D. T. Tyler AU - Pichancourt, Jean-Baptiste AU - Norris, D. Ryan AU - Martin, Tara G. DO - 10.1111/1365-2656.12253 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - 155-165 ST - Unravelling the annual cycle in a migratory animal: Breeding-season habitat loss drives population declines of monarch butterflies T2 - Journal of Animal Ecology TI - Unravelling the annual cycle in a migratory animal: Breeding-season habitat loss drives population declines of monarch butterflies VL - 84 ID - 26567 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus account for a substantial fraction of marine primary production. Here, we present quantitative niche models for these lineages that assess present and future global abundances and distributions. These niche models are the result of neural network, nonparametric, and parametric analyses, and they rely on >35,000 discrete observations from all major ocean regions. The models assess cell abundance based on temperature and photosynthetically active radiation, but the individual responses to these environmental variables differ for each lineage. The models estimate global biogeographic patterns and seasonal variability of cell abundance, with maxima in the warm oligotrophic gyres of the Indian and the western Pacific Oceans and minima at higher latitudes. The annual mean global abundances of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are 2.9 ± 0.1 × 1027 and 7.0 ± 0.3 × 1026 cells, respectively. Using projections of sea surface temperature as a result of increased concentration of greenhouse gases at the end of the 21st century, our niche models projected increases in cell numbers of 29% and 14% for Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, respectively. The changes are geographically uneven but include an increase in area. Thus, our global niche models suggest that oceanic microbial communities will experience complex changes as a result of projected future climate conditions. Because of the high abundances and contributions to primary production of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, these changes may have large impacts on ocean ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. AU - Flombaum, Pedro AU - Gallegos, José L. AU - Gordillo, Rodolfo A. AU - Rincón, José AU - Zabala, Lina L. AU - Jiao, Nianzhi AU - Karl, David M. AU - Li, William K. W. AU - Lomas, Michael W. AU - Veneziano, Daniele AU - Vera, Carolina S. AU - Vrugt, Jasper A. AU - Martiny, Adam C. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1307701110 IS - 24 PY - 2013 SP - 9824-9829 ST - Present and future global distributions of the marine Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Present and future global distributions of the marine Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus VL - 110 ID - 24855 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Florida House of Representatives CY - Tallahassee, FL PY - 2018 SP - 113 ST - Select Committee on Hurricane Response and Preparedness Final Report TI - Select Committee on Hurricane Response and Preparedness Final Report UR - https://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?PublicationType=Committees&CommitteeId=2978&Session=2018&DocumentType=General%20Publications&FileName=SCHRP%20-%20Final%20Report%20online.pdf ID - 26339 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change will have far-reaching impacts on biodiversity, including increasing extinction rates. Current approaches to quantifying such impacts focus on measuring exposure to climatic change and largely ignore the biological differences between species that may significantly increase or reduce their vulnerability. To address this, we present a framework for assessing three dimensions of climate change vulnerability, namely sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity; this draws on species’ biological traits and their modeled exposure to projected climatic changes. In the largest such assessment to date, we applied this approach to each of the world’s birds, amphibians and corals (16,857 species). The resulting assessments identify the species with greatest relative vulnerability to climate change and the geographic areas in which they are concentrated, including the Amazon basin for amphibians and birds, and the central Indo-west Pacific (Coral Triangle) for corals. We found that high concentration areas for species with traits conferring highest sensitivity and lowest adaptive capacity differ from those of highly exposed species, and we identify areas where exposure-based assessments alone may over or under-estimate climate change impacts. We found that 608–851 bird (6–9%), 670–933 amphibian (11–15%), and 47–73 coral species (6–9%) are both highly climate change vulnerable and already threatened with extinction on the IUCN Red List. The remaining highly climate change vulnerable species represent new priorities for conservation. Fewer species are highly climate change vulnerable under lower IPCC SRES emissions scenarios, indicating that reducing greenhouse emissions will reduce climate change driven extinctions. Our study answers the growing call for a more biologically and ecologically inclusive approach to assessing climate change vulnerability. By facilitating independent assessment of the three dimensions of climate change vulnerability, our approach can be used to devise species and area-specific conservation interventions and indices. The priorities we identify will strengthen global strategies to mitigate climate change impacts. AU - Foden, Wendy B. AU - Butchart, Stuart H. M. AU - Stuart, Simon N. AU - Vié, Jean-Christophe AU - Akçakaya, H. Resit AU - Angulo, Ariadne AU - DeVantier, Lyndon M. AU - Gutsche, Alexander AU - Turak, Emre AU - Cao, Long AU - Donner, Simon D. AU - Katariya, Vineet AU - Bernard, Rodolphe AU - Holland, Robert A. AU - Hughes, Adrian F. AU - O’Hanlon, Susannah E. AU - Garnett, Stephen T. AU - Şekercioğlu, Çagan H. AU - Mace, Georgina M. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0065427 IS - 6 PY - 2013 SP - e65427 ST - Identifying the world's most climate change vulnerable species: A systematic trait-based assessment of all birds, amphibians and corals T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Identifying the world's most climate change vulnerable species: A systematic trait-based assessment of all birds, amphibians and corals VL - 8 ID - 24490 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fogarty, Michael AU - Incze, Lewis AU - Hayhoe, Katherine AU - Mountain, David AU - Manning, James C6 - NCA DA - 2008/06/01 DO - 10.1007/s11027-007-9131-4 IS - 5-6 KW - Climate change impacts Gulf of Maine Cod Bottom water temperatures LA - English PY - 2008 SN - 1381-2386 SP - 453-466 ST - Potential climate change impacts on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) off the northeastern USA T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - Potential climate change impacts on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) off the northeastern USA VL - 13 ID - 13422 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Foley, Jonathan A. AU - Ramankutty, Navin AU - Brauman, Kate A. AU - Cassidy, Emily S. AU - Gerber, James S. AU - Johnston, Matt AU - Mueller, Nathaniel D. AU - O’Connell, Christine AU - Ray, Deepak K. AU - West, Paul C. AU - Balzer, Christian AU - Bennett, Elena M. AU - Carpenter, Stephen R. AU - Hill, Jason AU - Monfreda, Chad AU - Polasky, Stephen AU - Rockstrom, Johan AU - Sheehan, John AU - Siebert, Stefan AU - Tilman, David AU - Zaks, David P. M. DO - 10.1038/nature10452 IS - 7369 PY - 2011 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 337-342 ST - Solutions for a cultivated planet T2 - Nature TI - Solutions for a cultivated planet VL - 478 ID - 22580 ER - TY - CONF AU - Forbes, Donald L. AU - Manson, Gavin K. AU - Chagnon, Richard AU - Solomon, Steven M. AU - Sanden, Joost J. van der AU - Lynds, Tracy L. CY - Dunedin, New Zealand DA - December 2-6 PY - 2002 SP - 344-351 ST - Nearshore ice and climate change in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence T2 - Ice in the Environment: Proceedings of the 16th IAHR International Symposium on Ice TI - Nearshore ice and climate change in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence ID - 26568 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We develop and apply a systematic mixed-methods literature review methodology to identify and characterize how climate change adaptation is taking place in developed nations. We find limited evidence of adaptation action. Where interventions are being implemented and reported on, they are typically in sectors that are sensitive to climate impacts, are most common at the municipal level, facilitated by higher-level government interventions, with responses typically institutional in nature. There is negligible description of adaptation taking place with respect to vulnerable groups, with reporting unequal by region and sector. The methodology offers important insights for meta-analyses in climate change scholarship and can be used for monitoring progress in adaptation over time. AU - Ford, James D. AU - Berrang-Ford, Lea AU - Paterson, Jaclyn DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0045-5 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2011 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 327-336 ST - A systematic review of observed climate change adaptation in developed nations T2 - Climatic Change TI - A systematic review of observed climate change adaptation in developed nations VL - 106 ID - 25498 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ford, James D. AU - Pearce, Tristan AU - Duerden, Frank AU - Furgal, Chris AU - Smit, Barry DA - 2// DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.10.008 IS - 1 KW - Inuit Climate change Vulnerability Adaptation Canada Indigenous peoples Aboriginal peoples Climate policy PY - 2010 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 177-191 ST - Climate change policy responses for Canada's Inuit population: The importance of and opportunities for adaptation T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Climate change policy responses for Canada's Inuit population: The importance of and opportunities for adaptation VL - 20 ID - 22201 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ford, Jamie Kay AU - Giles, Erick IS - 2 PY - 2015 SN - 0270-272X SP - 519-551 ST - Climate change adaptation in Indian Country: Tribal regulation of reservation lands and natural resources T2 - William Mitchell Law Review TI - Climate change adaptation in Indian Country: Tribal regulation of reservation lands and natural resources UR - http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/wmlr/vol41/iss2/3/ VL - 41 ID - 21668 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Forest Peoples Programme AU - International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity AU - Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity CY - Moreton-in-Marsh, England DA - 2016 N1 - (FPP) PY - 2016 RP - (FPP) SP - 79 ST - Local Biodiversity Outlooks: Indigenous Peoples’ and Local Communities’ Contributions to the Implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020. A complement to the fourth edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook T2 - Local Biodiversity Outlooks TI - Local Biodiversity Outlooks: Indigenous Peoples’ and Local Communities’ Contributions to the Implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020. A complement to the fourth edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook UR - https://www.cbd.int/gbo/gbo4/publication/lbo-en.pdf ID - 22425 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Forest Service CY - Washington, DC NV - FS-1096 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service PY - 2018 SP - 24 ST - Urban Nature for Human Health and Well-Being: A Research Summary for Communicating the Health Benefits of Urban Trees and Green Space TI - Urban Nature for Human Health and Well-Being: A Research Summary for Communicating the Health Benefits of Urban Trees and Green Space ID - 25656 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management CY - Washington, DC PB - USDA, Forest Service; U.S. Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Land Management PY - 1994 SP - various ST - Record of Decision for: Amendments to Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management Planning Documents Within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl ; and, Standards and Guidelines for Management of Habitat for Late-Successional and Old-Growth Forest Related Species Within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl TI - Record of Decision for: Amendments to Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management Planning Documents Within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl ; and, Standards and Guidelines for Management of Habitat for Late-Successional and Old-Growth Forest Related Species Within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl UR - https://archive.org/details/recordofdecision08unit ID - 22553 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The combined effects of climate change and vegetation dynamics at high northern latitudes have amplified the seasonal variation of atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the past half century. Forkel et al. combined observations and models to show that climate warming has caused the photosynthetic uptake of carbon to increase faster than its respiratory release from the terrestrial biosphere. This has increased the difference from summer to winter, as well as the latitudinal gradient. Because of the physiological limitations to carbon uptake by terrestrial vegetation, this negative feedback to warming in the boreal north and Arctic cannot continue indefinitely.Science, this issue p. 696Atmospheric monitoring of high northern latitudes (above 40°N) has shown an enhanced seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide (CO2) since the 1960s, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The much stronger increase in high latitudes relative to low ones suggests that northern ecosystems are experiencing large changes in vegetation and carbon cycle dynamics. We found that the latitudinal gradient of the increasing CO2 amplitude is mainly driven by positive trends in photosynthetic carbon uptake caused by recent climate change and mediated by changing vegetation cover in northern ecosystems. Our results underscore the importance of climate–vegetation–carbon cycle feedbacks at high latitudes; moreover, they indicate that in recent decades, photosynthetic carbon uptake has reacted much more strongly to warming than have carbon release processes. AU - Forkel, Matthias AU - Carvalhais, Nuno AU - Rödenbeck, Christian AU - Keeling, Ralph AU - Heimann, Martin AU - Thonicke, Kirsten AU - Zaehle, Sönke AU - Reichstein, Markus DO - 10.1126/science.aac4971 IS - 6274 PY - 2016 SP - 696-699 ST - Enhanced seasonal CO2 exchange caused by amplified plant productivity in northern ecosystems T2 - Science TI - Enhanced seasonal CO2 exchange caused by amplified plant productivity in northern ecosystems VL - 351 ID - 25456 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Forman, Fonna AU - Solomon, Gina AU - Morello-Frosch, Rachel AU - Pezzoli, Keith DO - 10.1525/collabra.67 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 22 ST - Chapter 8. Bending the curve and closing the gap: Climate justice and public health T2 - Collabra TI - Chapter 8. Bending the curve and closing the gap: Climate justice and public health VL - 2 ID - 25329 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Forrest, Jessica R. K. DO - 10.1111/oik.01386 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SN - 1600-0706 SP - 4-13 ST - Plant–pollinator interactions and phenological change: What can we learn about climate impacts from experiments and observations? T2 - Oikos TI - Plant–pollinator interactions and phenological change: What can we learn about climate impacts from experiments and observations? VL - 124 ID - 20993 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Forrest, Jessica R. K. DA - 2016/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.cois.2016.07.002 PY - 2016 SN - 2214-5745 SP - 49-54 ST - Complex responses of insect phenology to climate change T2 - Current Opinion in Insect Science TI - Complex responses of insect phenology to climate change VL - 17 ID - 21126 ER - TY - RPRT AB - In Hawaiʽi and elsewhere, research efforts have focused on two main approaches to determine the potential impacts of climate change on individual species: estimating species vulnerabilities and projecting responses of species to expected changes. We integrated these approaches by defining vulnerability as the inability of species to exhibit any of the responses necessary for persistence under climate change (i.e., tolerate projected changes, endure in microrefugia, or migrate to new climate-compatible areas, but excluding evolutionary adaptation). To operationalize this response-based definition of species vulnerability within a landscape-based analysis, we used current and future climate envelopes for each species to define zones across the landscape: the toleration zone; the microrefugia zone; and the migration zone. Using these response zones we calculated a diverse set of factors related to habitat area, quality, and distribution for each species, including the amount of habitat protection and fragmentation and areas projected to be lost to sea-level rise. We then calculated the probabilities of each species exhibiting these responses using a Bayesian network model and determined the overall climate change vulnerability of each species by using a vulnerability index. As a first iteration of a response-based species vulnerability assessment (VA), our landscape-based analysis effectively integrates species-distribution models into a Bayesian network-based VA that can be updated with improved models and data for more refined analyses in the future. Our results show that the species most vulnerable to climate change also tend to be species of conservation concern due to non-climatic threats (e.g., competition and predation from invasive species, land-use change). Also, many of Hawaiʽi’s taxa that are most vulnerable to climate change share characteristics with species that in the past were found to be at risk of extinction due to non-climatic threats (e.g., archipelago endemism, single-island endemism). Of particular concern are the numerous species that have no compatible-climate areas remaining by the year 2100. Species primarily associated with dry forests have higher vulnerability scores than species from any other habitat type. When examined at taxonomic levels above species, low vulnerabilities are concentrated in families and genera of generalists (e.g., ferns or sedges) and typically associated with mid-elevation wet habitats. Our results replicate findings from other regions that link higher species vulnerability with decreasing range size. This species VA is possibly the largest in scope ever conducted in the United States with over 1000 species considered, 319 of which are listed as endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, filling a critical knowledge gap for resource managers in the region. The information in this assessment can help prioritize species for special conservation actions, guide the management of conservation areas, inform the selection of research and monitoring priorities, and support adaptive management planning and implementation. AU - Fortini, Lucas AU - Price, Jonathan AU - Jacobi, James AU - Vorsino, Adam AU - Burgett, Jeff AU - Brinck, Kevin AU - ‘Ohukani‘ohi‘a Gon III, Sam AU - Koob, Gregory AU - Paxton, Eben CY - Hilo, HI DA - 2013/11// KW - Hawaii Vulnerability Ecosystems migration NV - Technical Report HCSU-044 PB - University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit PY - 2013 SP - 134 ST - A Landscape-Based Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability for All Native Hawaiian Plants TI - A Landscape-Based Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability for All Native Hawaiian Plants UR - http://hilo.hawaii.edu/hcsu/documents/TR44_Fortini_plant_vulnerability_assessment.pdf ID - 22426 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Fortini, Lucas B. CY - Honolulu, HI DA - 2016/11// PY - 2016 ST - Final Project Report for "Expanding a Dynamic Model of Species Vulnerability to Climate Change for Hawai`i and Other Pacific Island Ecosystems" TI - Final Project Report for "Expanding a Dynamic Model of Species Vulnerability to Climate Change for Hawai`i and Other Pacific Island Ecosystems" UR - https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pierc/science/expanding-dynamic-model-species-vulnerability-climate-change-hawai-i-and-other?qt-science_center_objects=4#qt-science_center_objects ID - 22428 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Hawaiian forest birds serve as an ideal group to explore the extent of climate change impacts on at-risk species. Avian malaria constrains many remaining Hawaiian forest bird species to high elevations where temperatures are too cool for malaria's life cycle and its principal mosquito vector. The impact of climate change on Hawaiian forest birds has been a recent focus of Hawaiian conservation biology, and has centered on the links between climate and avian malaria. To elucidate the differential impacts of projected climate shifts on species with known varying niches, disease resistance and tolerance, we use a comprehensive database of species sightings, regional climate projections and ensemble distribution models to project distribution shifts for all Hawaiian forest bird species. We illustrate that, under a likely scenario of continued disease-driven distribution limitation, all 10 species with highly reliable models (mostly narrow-ranged, single-island endemics) are expected to lose >50% of their range by 2100. Of those, three are expected to lose all range and three others are expected to lose >90% of their range. Projected range loss was smaller for several of the more widespread species; however improved data and models are necessary to refine future projections. Like other at-risk species, Hawaiian forest birds have specific habitat requirements that limit the possibility of range expansion for most species, as projected expansion is frequently in areas where forest habitat is presently not available (such as recent lava flows). Given the large projected range losses for all species, protecting high elevation forest alone is not an adequate long-term strategy for many species under climate change. We describe the types of additional conservation actions practitioners will likely need to consider, while providing results to help with such considerations. AU - Fortini, Lucas B. AU - Vorsino, Adam E. AU - Amidon, Fred A. AU - Paxton, Eben H. AU - Jacobi, James D. DA - 2015 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0140389 DP - pubs.er.usgs.gov PY - 2015 SP - e0144311 ST - Large-scale range collapse of Hawaiian forest birds under climate change and the need 21st century conservation options T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Large-scale range collapse of Hawaiian forest birds under climate change and the need 21st century conservation options VL - 10 ID - 22427 ER - TY - JOUR AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence of occupational heat illness in Ontario. METHODS: Heat illness events were identified in two population-based data sources: work-related emergency department (ED) records and lost time claims for the period 2004-2010 in Ontario, Canada. Incidence rates were calculated using denominator estimates from national labour market surveys and estimates were adjusted for workers’ compensation insurance coverage. Proportional morbidity ratios were estimated for industry, occupation and tenure of employment. RESULTS: There were 785 heat illness events identified in the ED encounter records (incidence rate 1.6 per 1,000,000 full-time equivalent (FTE) months) and 612 heat illness events identified in the lost time claim records (incidence rate 1.7 per 1,000,000 FTE months) in the seven-year observation period with peak incidence observed in the summer months. The risk of heat illness was elevated for men, young workers, manual workers and those with shorter employment tenure. A higher proportion of lost time claims attributed to heat illness were observed in the government services, agriculture and construction sectors relative to all lost time claims. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational heat illnesses are experienced in Ontario’s population and are observed in ED records and lost time claims. The variation of heat illness incidence observed with worker and industry characteristics, and over time, can inform prevention efforts by occupational health services in Ontario. AU - Fortune, Melanie K. AU - Mustard, Cameron A. AU - Etches, Jacob J.C. AU - Chambers, Andrea G. DO - 10.17269/cjph.104.3984 IS - 5 KW - Heat stress disorders occupational exposure epidemiology PY - 2013 SE - 420 SN - 1920-7476 SP - 7 ST - Work-attributed illness arising from excess heat exposure in Ontario, 2004-2010 T2 - Canadian Journal of Public Health TI - Work-attributed illness arising from excess heat exposure in Ontario, 2004-2010 VL - 104 ID - 23611 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Foster, Jane R. AU - D'Amato, Anthony W. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13046 IS - 12 KW - climate migration decline disturbance ecotones forest dynamics global change Picea rubens species range shifts PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 4497-4507 ST - Montane forest ecotones moved downslope in northeastern USA in spite of warming between 1984 and 2011 T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Montane forest ecotones moved downslope in northeastern USA in spite of warming between 1984 and 2011 VL - 21 ID - 22025 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Foster, Pru DA - 2001/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/S0012-8252(01)00056-3 IS - 1 KW - cloud forest tropical montane cloud forest climate change impacts relative humidity paleovegetation epiphytes cloud formation changes PY - 2001 SN - 0012-8252 SP - 73-106 ST - The potential negative impacts of global climate change on tropical montane cloud forests T2 - Earth-Science Reviews TI - The potential negative impacts of global climate change on tropical montane cloud forests VL - 55 ID - 25235 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fothergill, Alice AU - Peek, Lori A. DO - 10.1023/B:NHAZ.0000026792.76181.d9 IS - 1 PY - 2004 SP - 89-110 ST - Poverty and disasters in the United States: A review of recent sociological findings T2 - Natural Hazards TI - Poverty and disasters in the United States: A review of recent sociological findings VL - 32 ID - 19123 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fournel, Sébastien AU - Ouellet, Véronique AU - Charbonneau, Édith DO - 10.3390/ani7050037 IS - 5 PY - 2017 SN - 2076-2615 SP - 37 ST - Practices for alleviating heat stress of dairy cows in humid continental climates: A literature review T2 - Animals TI - Practices for alleviating heat stress of dairy cows in humid continental climates: A literature review VL - 7 ID - 23612 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fourqurean, James W. AU - Duarte, Carlos M. AU - Kennedy, Hilary AU - Marbà, Núria AU - Holmer, Marianne AU - Mateo, Miguel Angel AU - Apostolaki, Eugenia T. AU - Kendrick, Gary A. AU - Krause-Jensen, Dorte AU - McGlathery, Karen J. AU - Serrano, Oscar DA - 05/20/online DO - 10.1038/ngeo1477 M3 - Article PY - 2012 SP - 505 ST - Seagrass ecosystems as a globally significant carbon stock T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Seagrass ecosystems as a globally significant carbon stock VL - 5 ID - 25499 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fox, Wayne R. IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 65-92 ST - The cost of inaction: Flagstaff Watershed Protection Project cost avoidance study T2 - Arizona State Law Journal TI - The cost of inaction: Flagstaff Watershed Protection Project cost avoidance study UR - http://arizonastatelawjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fox_Final.pdf VL - 48 ID - 26360 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effects of rapid Arctic warming and ice loss on weather patterns in the Northern Hemisphere is a topic of active research, lively scientific debate and high societal impact. The emergence of Arctic amplification—the enhanced sensitivity of high-latitude temperature to global warming—in only the last 10–20 years presents a challenge to identifying statistically robust atmospheric responses using observations. Several recent studies have proposed and demonstrated new mechanisms by which the changing Arctic may be affecting weather patterns in mid-latitudes, and these linkages differ fundamentally from tropics/jet-stream interactions through the transfer of wave energy. In this study, new metrics and evidence are presented that suggest disproportionate Arctic warming—and resulting weakening of the poleward temperature gradient—is causing the Northern Hemisphere circulation to assume a more meridional character (i.e. wavier), although not uniformly in space or by season, and that highly amplified jet-stream patterns are occurring more frequently. Further analysis based on self-organizing maps supports this finding. These changes in circulation are expected to lead to persistent weather patterns that are known to cause extreme weather events. As emissions of greenhouse gases continue unabated, therefore, the continued amplification of Arctic warming should favour an increased occurrence of extreme events caused by prolonged weather conditions.%U http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/roypta/373/2045/20140170.full.pdf AU - Francis, Jennifer AU - Skific, Natasa DO - 10.1098/rsta.2014.0170 IS - 2045 PY - 2015 SP - 20140170 ST - Evidence linking rapid Arctic warming to mid-latitude weather patterns T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences TI - Evidence linking rapid Arctic warming to mid-latitude weather patterns VL - 373 ID - 19734 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Franco, Guido AU - Sanstad, Alan H. DO - 10.1007/s10584-007-9364-y IS - Suppl. 1 PY - 2008 SP - 139-151 ST - Climate change and electricity demand in California T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change and electricity demand in California VL - 87 ID - 26683 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frank, Dorothea AU - Reichstein, Markus AU - Bahn, Michael AU - Thonicke, Kirsten AU - Frank, David AU - Mahecha, Miguel D. AU - Smith, Pete AU - van der Velde, Marijn AU - Vicca, Sara AU - Babst, Flurin AU - Beer, Christian AU - Buchmann, Nina AU - Canadell, Josep G. AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Cramer, Wolfgang AU - Ibrom, Andreas AU - Miglietta, Franco AU - Poulter, Ben AU - Rammig, Anja AU - Seneviratne, Sonia I. AU - Walz, Ariane AU - Wattenbach, Martin AU - Zavala, Miguel A. AU - Zscheischler, Jakob DO - 10.1111/gcb.12916 IS - 8 KW - carbon cycle climate change climate extremes climate variability disturbance terrestrial ecosystems PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2861-2880 ST - Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: Concepts, processes and potential future impacts T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: Concepts, processes and potential future impacts VL - 21 ID - 19777 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Franks, Peter J. AU - Adams, Mark A. AU - Amthor, Jeffrey S. AU - Barbour, Margaret M. AU - Berry, Joseph A. AU - Ellsworth, David S. AU - Farquhar, Graham D. AU - Ghannoum, Oula AU - Lloyd, Jon AU - McDowell, Nate AU - Norby, Richard J. AU - Tissue, David T. AU - von Caemmerer, Susanne DO - 10.1111/nph.12104 IS - 4 KW - climate change CO2 drought fossils global climate models plant gas exchange stomatal conductance water use efficiency PY - 2013 SN - 1469-8137 SP - 1077-1094 ST - Sensitivity of plants to changing atmospheric CO2 concentration: From the geological past to the next century T2 - New Phytologist TI - Sensitivity of plants to changing atmospheric CO2 concentration: From the geological past to the next century VL - 197 ID - 20473 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Franks, Steven J. AU - Weber, Jennifer J. AU - Aitken, Sally N. DO - 10.1111/eva.12112 IS - 1 KW - adaptive evolution ecological genetics global change phenotypic plasticity PY - 2014 SN - 1752-4571 SP - 123-139 ST - Evolutionary and plastic responses to climate change in terrestrial plant populations T2 - Evolutionary Applications TI - Evolutionary and plastic responses to climate change in terrestrial plant populations VL - 7 ID - 23377 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Frankson, Rebekah AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Champion, Sarah AU - Easterling, David AU - Stevens, Laura AU - Bumbaco, Karin AU - Bond, Nick AU - Casola, Joe AU - Sweet, William CY - Asheville, NC NV - NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149-WA PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2017 SP - 4 ST - Washington State Climate Summary TI - Washington State Climate Summary UR - https://statesummaries.ncics.org/wa ID - 26715 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Frankson, Rebekah AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Champion, Sarah AU - Stevens, Laura AU - Easterling, David AU - Dello, Kathie AU - Dalton, Meghan AU - Sharp, Darrin CY - Asheville, NC NV - NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149-OR PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2017 SP - 4 ST - Oregon State Climate Summary TI - Oregon State Climate Summary UR - https://statesummaries.ncics.org/or ID - 26714 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frans, Chris AU - Istanbulluoglu, Erkan AU - Mishra, Vimal AU - Munoz-Arriola, Francisco AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis P. DO - 10.1002/grl.50262 IS - 6 KW - Climate Streamflow LULC 1632 Land cover change 1637 Regional climate change 1807 Climate impacts 1834 Human impacts 1833 Hydroclimatology PY - 2013 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 1104-1110 ST - Are climatic or land cover changes the dominant cause of runoff trends in the Upper Mississippi River Basin? T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Are climatic or land cover changes the dominant cause of runoff trends in the Upper Mississippi River Basin? VL - 40 ID - 20918 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Franzluebbers, A. J. DA - 2002/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00027-2 IS - 2 KW - Bulk density Conservation tillage Macroaggregation Mean-weight diameter Soil organic carbon Soil quality PY - 2002 SN - 0167-1987 SP - 197-205 ST - Water infiltration and soil structure related to organic matter and its stratification with depth T2 - Soil and Tillage Research TI - Water infiltration and soil structure related to organic matter and its stratification with depth VL - 66 ID - 23520 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Spatial patterns of rainfall in Hawai‘i are among the most diverse in the world. As the global climate warms, it is important to understand observed rainfall variations to provide context for future changes. This is especially important for isolated oceanic islands where freshwater resources are limited, and understanding the potential impacts of climate change on the supply of freshwater is critical. Utilizing a high-resolution gridded data set of monthly and annual rainfall for Hawai‘i from January 1920 to December 2012, seasonal and annual trends were calculated for every 250-m pixel across the state and mapped to produce spatially continuous trend maps. To assess the stability of these trends, a running trend analysis was performed on 34 selected stations. From 1920 to 2012, over 90% of the state experienced drying trends, with Hawai‘i Island, and in particular the western part of the island, experiencing the largest significant long-term declines in annual and dry season rainfall. The running trend analysis highlighted the multi-decadal variability present in these trends, and revealed that the only region in the state with persistent annual and dry season trends through the study period is the western part of Hawai‘i Island; for most other regions, the drying trends were not significant until the most recent part of the record was included. These results support previous studies that indicate drying across the state over recent decades, and reveal the timing of upward and downward trends as well as important spatial details for natural resource management in Hawai‘i. AU - Frazier, Abby G. AU - Giambelluca, Thomas W. DA - 2017/04/01/ DO - 10.1002/joc.4862 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 5 KW - Rainfall trends Hawai‘i Mann–Kendall running trend analysis LA - en PY - 2017 SN - 1097-0088 SP - 2522-2531 ST - Spatial trend analysis of Hawaiian rainfall from 1920 to 2012 T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Spatial trend analysis of Hawaiian rainfall from 1920 to 2012 VL - 37 Y2 - 2017/05/31/00:47:29 ID - 22429 ER - TY - WEB AU - Freddie Mac KW - added by ERG PY - 2016 ST - Freddie Mac April 2016 Insight: Life's a Beach TI - Freddie Mac April 2016 Insight: Life's a Beach UR - http://freddiemac.mwnewsroom.com/press-releases/freddie-mac-april-2016-insight-otcqb-fmcc-1255648 ID - 23008 ER - TY - WEB AU - Freddie Mac CY - Washington, DC PB - Freddie Mac PY - 2016 ST - Insight: Life's a beach TI - Insight: Life's a beach UR - http://www.freddiemac.com/research/insight/20160426_lifes_a_beach.html ID - 24029 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fredericks, Anthony C. AU - Fernandez-Sesma, Ana DA - 2014/11/01/ IS - 6 KW - arbovirus antiviral California chikungunya dengue flavivirus vaccine PY - 2014 SN - 2214-9996 SP - 466-475 ST - The burden of dengue and chikungunya worldwide: Implications for the southern United States and California T2 - Annals of Global Health TI - The burden of dengue and chikungunya worldwide: Implications for the southern United States and California UR - https://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/abstract/10.29024/j.aogh.2015.02.006/ VL - 80 ID - 22077 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Freeman, Jody AU - Guzman, Andrew IS - 8 PY - 2011 SP - 10695-10711 ST - Climate change and U.S. interests T2 - Environmental Law Review TI - Climate change and U.S. interests UR - https://elr.info/news-analysis/41/10695/climate-change-and-us-interests VL - 41 ID - 22097 ER - TY - JOUR AB - How should we understand the interconnections between environmental change, migration, and conflict in Africa? Should the rise of Islamic terrorism and Boko Haram in northeast Nigeria be directly linked to the drying of Lake Chad? Should cattle raiding in Kenya be seen as a result of drought across East Africa? Does the constrained migration of the pastoral Tuareg in the Sahel causally connect to desertification and their rebellion against governmental forces? Despite the compelling and often persuasive case for directly connecting environmental change to migration and conflict, there is a growing agreement in both the environment-migration and climate-conflict spheres that intervening variables determine if and how environmental change causes population movements and political violence. This article presents a case for migration as an intermediary and bidirectional causal variable. The article argues that close attention needs to be paid to local-level manifestations of conflict and (mal)adaptive forms of migration to understand the potential propensity of environmental change to lead to conflict in Africa. AU - Freeman, Laura DO - 10.1177/1070496517727325 IS - 4 KW - environmental change,climate change,migration,conflict,constrained migration,Africa PY - 2017 SP - 351-374 ST - Environmental change, migration, and conflict in Africa: A critical examination of the interconnections T2 - The Journal of Environment & Development TI - Environmental change, migration, and conflict in Africa: A critical examination of the interconnections VL - 26 ID - 25762 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent analyses of extreme hydrological events across the United States, including those summarized in the recent U.S. Third National Climate Assessment (May 2014), show that extremely large (extreme) precipitation and streamflow events are increasing over much of the country, with particularly steep trends over the northeastern United States. The authors demonstrate that the increase in extreme hydrological events over the northeastern United States is primarily a warm season phenomenon and is caused more by an increase in frequency than magnitude. The frequency of extreme warm season events peaked during the 2000s; a secondary peak occurred during the 1970s; and the calmest decade was the 1960s. Cold season trends during the last 30–50 yr are weaker. Since extreme precipitation events in this region tend to be larger during the warm season than during the cold season, trend analyses based on annual precipitation values are influenced more by warm season than by cold season trends. In contrast, the magnitude of extreme streamflow events at stations used for climatological analyses tends to be larger during the cold season: therefore, extreme event analyses based on annual streamflow values are overwhelmingly influenced by cold season, and therefore weaker, trends. These results help to explain an apparent discrepancy in the literature, whereby increasing trends in extreme precipitation events appear to be significant and ubiquitous across the region, while trends in streamflow appear less dramatic and less spatially coherent. AU - Frei, Allan AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Matonse, Adao DO - 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0237.1 IS - 5 KW - Climate variability,Hydrology,Hydrometeorology,Water budget,Multidecadal variability PY - 2015 SP - 2065-2085 ST - The seasonal nature of extreme hydrological events in the northeastern United States T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - The seasonal nature of extreme hydrological events in the northeastern United States VL - 16 ID - 19711 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frelich, Lee E. AU - Reich, Peter B. DO - 10.1890/080191 IS - 7 PY - 2010 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 371-378 ST - Will environmental changes reinforce the impact of global warming on the prairie–forest border of central North America? T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Will environmental changes reinforce the impact of global warming on the prairie–forest border of central North America? VL - 8 ID - 21223 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Freshwater, Alan AU - Talagi, Deveraux CY - Suva, Fiji DA - 2010 NV - SOPAC Technical Report 437 PB - South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) PY - 2010 SP - 49 ST - Desalination in Pacific Island Countries. A Preliminary Overview TI - Desalination in Pacific Island Countries. A Preliminary Overview UR - https://gsd.spc.int/sopac/docs/SOPAC%20Technical%20Report%20437%20Desalination%20for%20Pacific%20Island%20Countries.pdf ID - 22430 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Freudenberg, Robert AU - Montemayor, Lucrecia AU - Calvin, Ellis AU - Korman, Emily AU - McCoy, Sarabrent AU - Michaelson, Julieet AU - Jones, Chris AU - Barone, Richard AU - Gates, Moses AU - Pollack, Wendy AU - Oldenburg, Ben CY - New York PB - Regional Plan Association PY - 2016 SP - 25 ST - Under Water: How Sea Level Rise Threatens the Tri-State Region TI - Under Water: How Sea Level Rise Threatens the Tri-State Region UR - http://library.rpa.org/pdf/RPA-Under-Water-How-Sea-Level-Rise-Threatens-the-Tri-State-Region.pdf ID - 24587 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Frey, Karen E. AU - Maslanik, James A. AU - Kinney, Jaclyn Clement AU - Maslowski, Wieslaw C4 - 052c22d6-2669-419b-9990-23552a6fff45 CY - Netherlands DO - 10.1007/978-94-017-8863-2_3 PB - Springer PY - 2014 SP - 31-63 ST - Recent variability in sea ice cover, age, and thickness in the Pacific Arctic region T2 - The Pacific Arctic Region TI - Recent variability in sea ice cover, age, and thickness in the Pacific Arctic region ID - 22202 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Schoeneberger, Michele M. A2 - Bentrup, Gary A2 - Patel-Weynand, Toral AU - Friday, J. B. AU - Friday, Kathleen AU - Elevitch, Craig C4 - 7627ec00-a360-4058-83b6-d56946a8ca96 CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Agricutlure, Forest Service PY - 2017 SP - 147-153 ST - Appendix A: Regional summaries: Hawaii and the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands T2 - Agroforestry: Enhancing Resiliency in U.S. Agricultural Landscapes Under Changing Conditions T3 - Gen. Tech. Report WO-96 TI - Appendix A: Regional summaries: Hawaii and the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/55775 ID - 25862 ER - TY - WEB AU - Friday, Kathleen AU - Garcia, Victor, Jr. AU - Haws, Maria AU - Manner, Harley AU - Marra, John AU - Potemra, James T. AU - Rufus, Lajkit DA - 2017 KW - ENSO Republic of the Marshall Islands agriculture tools PY - 2017 ST - Agroforestry in the Climate of the Marshall Islands TI - Agroforestry in the Climate of the Marshall Islands UR - http://oos.soest.hawaii.edu/pacific-rcc/Marshalls%20Agroforestry/site/ ID - 22432 ER - TY - JOUR AB - By the end of this century, mean annual temperatures in the Northeastern United States are expected to warm by 3–5 °C, which will have significant impacts on the structure and function of temperate forests in this region. To improve understanding of these impacts, we exploited two recent climate anomalies to explore how the springtime phenology of Northeastern temperate deciduous forests will respond to future climate warming. Specifically, springtime temperatures in 2010 and 2012 were the warmest on record in the Northeastern United States, with temperatures that were roughly equivalent to the lower end of warming scenarios that are projected for this region decades from now. Climate conditions in these two years therefore provide a unique empirical basis, that complements model-based studies, for improving understanding of how northeastern temperate forest phenology will change in the future. To perform our investigation, we analyzed near surface air temperatures from the United States Historical Climatology Network, time series of satellite-derived vegetation indices from NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, and in situ phenological observations. Our study region encompassed the northern third of the eastern temperate forest ecoregion, extending from Pennsylvania to Canada. Springtime temperatures in 2010 and 2012 were nearly 3 °C warmer than long-term average temperatures from 1971–2000 over the region, leading to median anomalies of more than 100 growing degree days. In response, satellite and ground observations show that leaf emergence occurred up to two weeks earlier than normal, but with significant sensitivity to the specific timing of thermal forcing. These results are important for two reasons. First, they provide an empirical demonstration of the sensitivity of springtime phenology in northeastern temperate forests to future climate change that supports and complements model-based predictions. Second, our results show that subtle differences in the character of thermal forcing can substantially alter the timing of leaf emergence and canopy development. By explicitly comparing and contrasting the timing of thermal forcing and leaf phenology in 2010 and 2012, we show that even though temperatures were warmer in 2012 than in 2010, the nature and timing of thermal forcing in 2010 lead to leaf emergence that was almost a week earlier than 2012. AU - Friedl, Mark A. AU - Gray, Josh M. AU - Melaas, Eli K. AU - Richardson, Andrew D. AU - Hufkens, Koen AU - Keenan, Trevor F. AU - Bailey, Amey AU - O’Keefe, John DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/054006 IS - 5 PY - 2014 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 054006 ST - A tale of two springs: Using recent climate anomalies to characterize the sensitivity of temperate forest phenology to climate change T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - A tale of two springs: Using recent climate anomalies to characterize the sensitivity of temperate forest phenology to climate change VL - 9 ID - 25457 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Friedland, Kevin D. AU - Leaf, Robert T. AU - Kane, Joe AU - Tommasi, Desiree AU - Asch, Rebecca G. AU - Rebuck, Nathan AU - Ji, Rubao AU - Large, Scott I. AU - Stock, Charles AU - Saba, Vincent S. DA - 2015/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.csr.2015.04.005 KW - Spring bloom US Northeast Shelf Zooplankton biomass Bloom timing Climate PY - 2015 SN - 0278-4343 SP - 47-61 ST - Spring bloom dynamics and zooplankton biomass response on the US Northeast Continental Shelf T2 - Continental Shelf Research TI - Spring bloom dynamics and zooplankton biomass response on the US Northeast Continental Shelf VL - 102 ID - 21829 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Friedland, K. D. AU - Manning, J. P. AU - Link, J. S. AU - Gilbert, J. R. AU - Gilbert, A. T. AU - O’Connell, A. F. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00814.x IS - 1 KW - climate migration post-smolt survival predation recruitment temperature PY - 2012 SN - 1365-2400 SP - 22-35 ST - Variation in wind and piscivorous predator fields affecting the survival of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in the Gulf of Maine T2 - Fisheries Management and Ecology TI - Variation in wind and piscivorous predator fields affecting the survival of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in the Gulf of Maine VL - 19 ID - 21828 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Friedland, Kevin D. AU - Record, Nicholas R. AU - Asch, Rebecca G. AU - Kristiansen, Trond AU - Saba, Vincent S. AU - Drinkwater, Kenneth F. AU - Henson, Stephanie AU - Leaf, Robert T. AU - Morse, Ryan E. AU - Johns, David G. AU - Large, Scott I. AU - Hjøllo, Solfrid S. AU - Nye, Janet A. AU - Alexander, Mike A. AU - Ji, Rubao DO - 10.12952/journal.elementa.000099 PY - 2016 SP - 99 ST - Seasonal phytoplankton blooms in the North Atlantic linked to the overwintering strategies of copepods T2 - Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene TI - Seasonal phytoplankton blooms in the North Atlantic linked to the overwintering strategies of copepods VL - 4 ID - 25500 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The shift in marine resource management from a compartmentalized approach of dealing with resources on a species basis to an approach based on management of spatially defined ecosystems requires an accurate accounting of energy flow. The flow of energy from primary production through the food web will ultimately limit upper trophic-level fishery yields. In this work, we examine the relationship between yield and several metrics including net primary production, chlorophyll concentration, particle-export ratio, and the ratio of secondary to primary production. We also evaluate the relationship between yield and two additional rate measures that describe the export of energy from the pelagic food web, particle export flux and mesozooplankton productivity. We found primary production is a poor predictor of global fishery yields for a sample of 52 large marine ecosystems. However, chlorophyll concentration, particle-export ratio, and the ratio of secondary to primary production were positively associated with yields. The latter two measures provide greater mechanistic insight into factors controlling fishery production than chlorophyll concentration alone. Particle export flux and mesozooplankton productivity were also significantly related to yield on a global basis. Collectively, our analyses suggest that factors related to the export of energy from pelagic food webs are critical to defining patterns of fishery yields. Such trophic patterns are associated with temperature and latitude and hence greater yields are associated with colder, high latitude ecosystems. AU - Friedland, Kevin D. AU - Stock, Charles AU - Drinkwater, Kenneth F. AU - Link, Jason S. AU - Leaf, Robert T. AU - Shank, Burton V. AU - Rose, Julie M. AU - Pilskaln, Cynthia H. AU - Fogarty, Michael J. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0028945 IS - 1 PY - 2012 SP - e28945 ST - Pathways between primary production and fisheries yields of large marine ecosystems T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Pathways between primary production and fisheries yields of large marine ecosystems VL - 7 ID - 24857 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - Moosa, M.K. A2 - Soemodihardjo, S. A2 - Soegiarto, A. A2 - Romimohtarto, K. A2 - Nontji, A. A2 - Soekarno A2 - Suharsono AB - The community in the Ho‘olehu Hawaiian Homesteads on the island of Moloka‘i is strengthening community influence and accountability for the health and long-term sustainability of their marine resources through revitalization of local traditions and resource knowledge. The traditional system in Hawai‘i emphasized social and cultural controls on fishing with acode of conduct that was strictly enforced. Local resource monitors, in conjunction with visiting scientists, are creating a predictive management tool based loosely on the Hawaiian moon calendar to guide responsible fishing practices. Community-sanctioned norms for fishing conduct are being reinforced through continual feedback based on local resource monitoring, education, and peer pressure. Hawaiian community building and proper cultural protocols are essential to understand and revitalize marine conservation traditions. AU - Friedlander, Alan AU - Poepoe, K. AU - Helm, K. AU - Bartram, P. AU - Maragos, J. AU - Abbott, I. PY - 2000 SP - 813-818 T2 - Proceedings of the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali, 23-27 Oct. 2000. Vol. 2 TI - Application of Hawaiian traditions to community-based fishery management UR - http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.603.5269&rep=rep1&type=pdf VL - 2 ID - 22433 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Friedlingstein, P. AU - Solomon, S. AU - Plattner, G. K. AU - Knutti, R. AU - Ciais, P. AU - Raupach, M. R. DA - 11/20/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate1302 PY - 2011 SP - 457-461 ST - Long-term climate implications of twenty-first century options for carbon dioxide emission mitigation T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Long-term climate implications of twenty-first century options for carbon dioxide emission mitigation VL - 1 ID - 26118 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Friedrich, Oliver AU - Schiebel, Ralf AU - Wilson, Paul A. AU - Weldeab, Syee AU - Beer, Christopher J. AU - Cooper, Matthew J. AU - Fiebig, Jens DA - 2012/02/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.002 KW - Mg/Ca planktic foraminifera ecology dissolution core-top plankton tow PY - 2012 SN - 0012-821X SP - 133-145 ST - Influence of test size, water depth, and ecology on Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, δ18 O and δ13 C in nine modern species of planktic foraminifers T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Influence of test size, water depth, and ecology on Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, δ18 O and δ13 C in nine modern species of planktic foraminifers VL - 319-320 ID - 25051 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The association between food insecurity and mental health is established. Increasingly, associations between drought and mental health and drought and food insecurity have been observed in a number of countries. The impact of drought on the association between food insecurity and mental health has received little attention. AU - Friel, Sharon AU - Berry, Helen AU - Dinh, Huong AU - O’Brien, Léan AU - Walls, Helen L. DA - October 24 DO - 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1102 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1471-2458 SP - 1102 ST - The impact of drought on the association between food security and mental health in a nationally representative Australian sample T2 - BMC Public Health TI - The impact of drought on the association between food security and mental health in a nationally representative Australian sample VL - 14 ID - 24126 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Future climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 are expected to cause major changes in vegetation structure and function over large fractions of the global land surface. Seven global vegetation models are used to analyze possible responses to future climate simulated by a range of general circulation models run under all four representative concentration pathway scenarios of changing concentrations of greenhouse gases. All 110 simulations predict an increase in global vegetation carbon to 2100, but with substantial variation between vegetation models. For example, at 4 °C of global land surface warming (510–758 ppm of CO2), vegetation carbon increases by 52–477 Pg C (224 Pg C mean), mainly due to CO2 fertilization of photosynthesis. Simulations agree on large regional increases across much of the boreal forest, western Amazonia, central Africa, western China, and southeast Asia, with reductions across southwestern North America, central South America, southern Mediterranean areas, southwestern Africa, and southwestern Australia. Four vegetation models display discontinuities across 4 °C of warming, indicating global thresholds in the balance of positive and negative influences on productivity and biomass. In contrast to previous global vegetation model studies, we emphasize the importance of uncertainties in projected changes in carbon residence times. We find, when all seven models are considered for one representative concentration pathway × general circulation model combination, such uncertainties explain 30% more variation in modeled vegetation carbon change than responses of net primary productivity alone, increasing to 151% for non-HYBRID4 models. A change in research priorities away from production and toward structural dynamics and demographic processes is recommended. AU - Friend, Andrew D. AU - Lucht, Wolfgang AU - Rademacher, Tim T. AU - Keribin, Rozenn AU - Betts, Richard AU - Cadule, Patricia AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Clark, Douglas B. AU - Dankers, Rutger AU - Falloon, Pete D. AU - Ito, Akihiko AU - Kahana, Ron AU - Kleidon, Axel AU - Lomas, Mark R. AU - Nishina, Kazuya AU - Ostberg, Sebastian AU - Pavlick, Ryan AU - Peylin, Philippe AU - Schaphoff, Sibyll AU - Vuichard, Nicolas AU - Warszawski, Lila AU - Wiltshire, Andy AU - Woodward, F. Ian DA - March 4, 2014 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1222477110 IS - 9 PY - 2014 SP - 3280-3285 ST - Carbon residence time dominates uncertainty in terrestrial vegetation responses to future climate and atmospheric CO2 T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Carbon residence time dominates uncertainty in terrestrial vegetation responses to future climate and atmospheric CO2 VL - 111 ID - 23378 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frisch, L. C. AU - Mathis, J. T. AU - Kettle, N. P. AU - Trainor, S. F. DA - 2015/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.11.022 KW - Ocean acidification Public understanding Risk perception Alaska fisheries PY - 2015 SN - 0308-597X SP - 101-110 ST - Gauging perceptions of ocean acidification in Alaska T2 - Marine Policy TI - Gauging perceptions of ocean acidification in Alaska VL - 53 ID - 25826 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Garfin, G. A2 - Jardine, A. A2 - Merideth, R. A2 - Black, Mary A2 - LeRoy, Sarah AU - Frisvold, G. AU - Jackson, L.E. AU - Pritchett, J.G. AU - Ritten, J. C4 - 4442506b-fbba-41ea-9cef-1eac88ce2049 CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2013 SN - 9781610914468 SP - 218-239 ST - Ch. 11: Agriculture and ranching T2 - Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States: A Report Prepared for the National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 11: Agriculture and ranching UR - http://swccar.org/sites/all/themes/files/SW-NCA-color-FINALweb.pdf ID - 13462 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The contribution of precipitation from mesoscale convective weather systems to the warm-season (April–September) rainfall in the United States is evaluated. Both Mesoscale Convective Complexes (MCC's) and other large, long-lived mesoscale convective systems that do not quite meet Maddox's criteria for being termed an MCC are included in the evaluation. The distribution and geographical limits of the precipitation from the convective weather systems are constructed for the warm seasons of 1982, a “normal” year, and 1983, a drought year. Precipitation characteristics of the systems are compared for the 2 years to determine how large-scale drought patterns affect their precipitation production. The frequency, precipitation characteristics and hydrologic ramifications of multiple occurrences, or series, of convective weather systems are presented and discussed. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the accumulated precipitation from a series of convective complexes is investigated and compared to that of Hurricane Alicia. It is found that mesoscale convective weather systems account for approximately 30% to 70% of the warm-season (April–September) precipitation over much of the region between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. During the June through August period, their contribution is even larger. Moreover, series of convective weather systems are very likely the most prolific precipitation producer in the United States, rivaling and even exceeding that of hurricanes. Changes in the large-scale circulation patterns affected the seasonal precipitation from mesoscale convective weather systems by altering the precipitation characteristics of individual systems. In particular, for the drought period of 1983, the frequency of the convective systems remained nearly the same as in the “normal” year (1982); however, the average precipitation area and the average volumetric production significantly decreased. Nevertheless, the rainfall that was produced by mesoscale convective weather systems in the drought year accounted for most of the precipitation received during the critical crop growth period. It is concluded that mesoscale convective weather systems may be a crucial precipitation-producing deterrent to drought and an important mechanism for enhancing midsummer crop growth throughout the midwestern United States. Furthermore, because mesoscale convective weather systems account for such a large fraction of the warm-season precipitation, significant improvements in prediction of such systems would likely translate into significant improvements in quantitative precipitation forecast skill and corresponding improvements in hydrologic forecasts of runoff. AU - Fritsch, J. M. AU - Kane, R. J. AU - Chelius, C. R. DO - 10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1333:tcomcw>2.0.co;2 IS - 10 PY - 1986 SP - 1333-1345 ST - The contribution of mesoscale convective weather systems to the warm-season precipitation in the United States T2 - Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology TI - The contribution of mesoscale convective weather systems to the warm-season precipitation in the United States VL - 25 ID - 20852 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The human-pathogenic marine bacteria Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus are strongly correlated with water temperature, with concentrations increasing as waters warm seasonally. Both of these bacteria can be concentrated in filter-feeding shellfish, especially oysters. Because oysters are often consumed raw, this exposes people to large doses of potentially harmful bacteria. Various models are used to predict the abundance of these bacteria in oysters, which guide shellfish harvest policy meant to reduce human health risk. Vibrio abundance and behaviour varies from site to site, suggesting that location-specific studies are needed to establish targeted risk reduction strategies. Moreover, virulence potential, rather than simple abundance, should be also be included in future modeling efforts. AU - Froelich, Brett A. AU - Noble, Rachel T. DO - 10.1098/rstb.2015.0209 IS - 1689 PY - 2016 SP - 20150209 ST - Vibrio bacteria in raw oysters: Managing risks to human health T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Vibrio bacteria in raw oysters: Managing risks to human health VL - 371 ID - 26104 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent marine heat waves have caused devastating impacts on marine ecosystems. Substantial progress in understanding past and future changes in marine heat waves and their risks for marine ecosystems is needed to predict how marine systems, and the goods and services they provide, will evolve in the future. AU - Frölicher, Thomas L. AU - Laufkötter, Charlotte DA - 2018/02/13 DO - 10.1038/s41467-018-03163-6 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - 2041-1723 SP - 650 ST - Emerging risks from marine heat waves T2 - Nature Communications TI - Emerging risks from marine heat waves VL - 9 ID - 25502 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frölicher, Thomas L. AU - Rodgers, Keith B. AU - Stock, Charles A. AU - Cheung, William W. L. DO - 10.1002/2015GB005338 IS - 8 KW - marine ecosystems climate change large ensemble internal variability Earth system modeling uncertainty 0414 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 1616 Climate variability 1635 Oceans 1622 Earth system modeling PY - 2016 SN - 1944-9224 SP - 1224-1243 ST - Sources of uncertainties in 21st century projections of potential ocean ecosystem stressors T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Sources of uncertainties in 21st century projections of potential ocean ecosystem stressors VL - 30 ID - 20679 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Frumhoff, Peter C. AU - McCarthy, James J. AU - Melillo, Jerry M. AU - Moser, Susanne C. AU - Wuebbles, Donald J. C4 - 570ce116-beb6-4468-b2a8-dfa2065bb376 CY - Cambridge, MA PB - Union of Concerned Scientists PY - 2007 SP - 39-46 ST - Ch. 3: Marine impacts T2 - Confronting Climate Change in the U.S. Northeast: Science, Impacts, and Solutions. Synthesis Report of the Northeast Climate Impacts Assessment (NECIA) TI - Ch. 3: Marine impacts UR - http://www.climatechoices.org/assets/documents/climatechoices/confronting-climate-change-in-the-u-s-northeast.pdf ID - 13466 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fry, J.A. AU - Xian, G. AU - Jin, S. AU - Dewitz, J.A. AU - Homer, C.G. AU - Limin, Y. AU - Barnes, C.A. AU - Herold, N.D. AU - Wickham, J.D. C6 - NCA IS - 9 PY - 2011 SN - 0099-1112 SP - 858-864 ST - Completion of the 2006 national land cover database for the conterminous United States T2 - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing TI - Completion of the 2006 national land cover database for the conterminous United States UR - https://www.mrlc.gov/downloadfile2.php?file=September2011PERS.pdf VL - 77 ID - 13470 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Anderson, T.L. AU - Frye, Dustin AU - Parker, Dominic P. C4 - 6d3937fe-e76b-4ff0-991e-b57a09472fa2 CY - Lanham, MD PB - Lexington Books PY - 2016 SN - 9781498525671 9781498525695 9781498525688 SP - 224-244 ST - Paternalism versus sovereignty: The long-run economic effects of the Indian Reorganization Act T2 - Unlocking the Wealth of Indian Nations TI - Paternalism versus sovereignty: The long-run economic effects of the Indian Reorganization Act ID - 25349 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Frye, Dustin D. DO - 10.2139/ssrn.2181724 PB - SSRN PY - 2012 ST - Leasing, Law, and Land Tenure: Understanding the Impact of the Long-Term Leasing Act of 1955 on Indian Land Holdings TI - Leasing, Law, and Land Tenure: Understanding the Impact of the Long-Term Leasing Act of 1955 on Indian Land Holdings ID - 25348 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fu, Tzung-May AU - Zheng, Yiqi AU - Paulot, Fabien AU - Mao, Jingqiu AU - Yantosca, Robert M. DA - 03/23/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2567 PY - 2015 SP - 454-458 ST - Positive but variable sensitivity of August surface ozone to large-scale warming in the southeast United States T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Positive but variable sensitivity of August surface ozone to large-scale warming in the southeast United States VL - 5 ID - 24386 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Fugate, Craig PB - U.S. Department of Homeland Security PY - 2013 ST - Changing laws for the better—Recognizing tribal sovereignty T2 - FEMA.gov TI - Changing laws for the better—Recognizing tribal sovereignty UR - https://www.fema.gov/blog/2013-01-31/changing-laws-better-recognizing-tribal-sovereignty VL - 2017 ID - 21669 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fuller, Emma AU - Brush, Eleanor AU - Pinsky, Malin L. C7 - art153 DO - 10.1890/ES14-00533.1 IS - 9 KW - climate change climate velocity cumulative impacts fishing integrodifference model multiple disturbances Sebastes melanops synergy PY - 2015 SN - 2150-8925 SP - 1-16 ST - The persistence of populations facing climate shifts and harvest T2 - Ecosphere TI - The persistence of populations facing climate shifts and harvest VL - 6 ID - 21827 ER - TY - JOUR AB - ObjectiveWe examined the relationship of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), probable depression, and increased alcohol and/or tobacco use to disaster exposure and work demand in Florida Department of Health workers after the 2004 hurricanes.MethodsParticipants (N = 2249) completed electronic questionnaires assessing PTSD, depression, alcohol and tobacco use, hurricane exposure, and work demand.ResultsTotal mental and behavioral health burden (probable PTSD, probable depression, increased alcohol and/or tobacco use) was 11%. More than 4% had probable PTSD, and 3.8% had probable depression. Among those with probable PTSD, 29.2% had increased alcohol use, and 50% had increased tobacco use. Among those with probable depression, 34% indicated increased alcohol use and 55.6% increased tobacco use. Workers with greater exposure were more likely to have probable PTSD and probable depression (ORs = 3.3 and 3.06, respectively). After adjusting for demographics and work demand, those with high exposure were more likely to have probable PTSD and probable depression (ORs = 3.21 and 3.13). Those with high exposure had increased alcohol and tobacco use (ORs = 3.01 and 3.40), and those with high work demand indicated increased alcohol and tobacco use (ORs = 1.98 and 2.10). High exposure and work demand predicted increased alcohol and tobacco use, after adjusting for demographics, work demand, and exposure.ConclusionsWork-related disaster mental and behavioral health burden indicate the need for additional mental health interventions in the public health disaster workforce.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:89-95) AU - Fullerton, Carol S. AU - McKibben, Jodi B. A. AU - Reissman, Dori B. AU - Scharf, Ted AU - Kowalski-Trakofler, Kathleen M. AU - Shultz, James M. AU - Ursano, Robert J. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/dmp.2013.6 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 04/25 IS - 1 KW - PTSD depression alcohol use public health workers hurricane PY - 2013 SN - 1935-7893 SP - 89-95 ST - Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and alcohol and tobacco use in public health workers after the 2004 Florida hurricanes T2 - Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness TI - Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and alcohol and tobacco use in public health workers after the 2004 Florida hurricanes VL - 7 ID - 24061 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Funayama, Kota AU - Hines, Ellen AU - Davis, Jerry AU - Allen, Sarah DO - 10.1002/aqc.2318 IS - 2 KW - elephant seals Mirounga angustirostris habitat management marine protected areas habitat modelling climate change sea-level rise PY - 2013 SN - 1099-0755 SP - 233-245 ST - Effects of sea-level rise on northern elephant seal breeding habitat at Point Reyes Peninsula, California T2 - Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems TI - Effects of sea-level rise on northern elephant seal breeding habitat at Point Reyes Peninsula, California VL - 23 ID - 23765 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Scrutton, Alistair A2 - Strain, Daniel AU - Future Earth CY - FE Global Hubs PB - Future Earth (FE) Secretariat PY - 2017 SP - 51 ST - Research for Global Sustainability: Annual Report 2016–17 TI - Research for Global Sustainability: Annual Report 2016–17 UR - http://www.futureearth.org/annual-report-2016-2017 ID - 22098 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fyfe, John C. AU - Derksen, Chris AU - Mudryk, Lawrence AU - Flato, Gregory M. AU - Santer, Benjamin D. AU - Swart, Neil C. AU - Molotch, Noah P. AU - Zhang, Xuebin AU - Wan, Hui AU - Arora, Vivek K. AU - Scinocca, John AU - Jiao, Yanjun DA - 04/18/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms14996 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 14996 ST - Large near-term projected snowpack loss over the western United States T2 - Nature Communications TI - Large near-term projected snowpack loss over the western United States VL - 8 ID - 20920 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gabler, Christopher A. AU - Osland, Michael J. AU - Grace, James B. AU - Stagg, Camille L. AU - Day, Richard H. AU - Hartley, Stephen B. AU - Enwright, Nicholas M. AU - From, Andrew S. AU - McCoy, Meagan L. AU - McLeod, Jennie L. DA - 01/23/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3203 PY - 2017 SP - 142-147 ST - Macroclimatic change expected to transform coastal wetland ecosystems this century T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Macroclimatic change expected to transform coastal wetland ecosystems this century VL - 7 ID - 24317 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gadamus, Lily DA - 2013/01/01 DO - 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.20715 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SP - 20715 ST - Linkages between human health and ocean health: A participatory climate change vulnerability assessment for marine mammal harvesters T2 - International Journal of Circumpolar Health TI - Linkages between human health and ocean health: A participatory climate change vulnerability assessment for marine mammal harvesters VL - 72 ID - 22203 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gadamus, Lily AU - Raymond-Yakoubian, J. IS - 2 PY - 2015 SP - 87-101 ST - A Bering Strait indigenous framework for resource management: Respectful seal and walrus hunting T2 - Arctic Anthropology TI - A Bering Strait indigenous framework for resource management: Respectful seal and walrus hunting UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/article/612137/pdf VL - 52 ID - 22204 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gadamus, Lily AU - Raymond-Yakoubian, Julie AU - Ashenfelter, Roy AU - Ahmasuk, Austin AU - Metcalf, Vera AU - Noongwook, George DA - 2015/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.09.008 KW - Qualitative methods TEK Traditional ecological knowledge Environmental social science Marine mammals Climate change Habitat conservation PY - 2015 SN - 0308-597X SP - 116-124 ST - Building an indigenous evidence-base for tribally-led habitat conservation policies T2 - Marine Policy TI - Building an indigenous evidence-base for tribally-led habitat conservation policies VL - 62 ID - 25825 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gaffen, Dian J. AU - Ross, Rebecca J. DA - 12/10/online DO - 10.1038/25030 PY - 1998 SP - 529-530 ST - Increased summertime heat stress in the US T2 - Nature TI - Increased summertime heat stress in the US VL - 396 ID - 25787 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gaffin, Stuart R. AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Kong, Angela Y. Y. DA - 09/27/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate1685 M3 - Correspondence PY - 2012 SP - 704 ST - Adapting to climate change through urban green infrastructure T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Adapting to climate change through urban green infrastructure VL - 2 ID - 23194 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We explored alternative status determination criteria and reference points that could simplify fisheries management using a simulated multispecies/ecosystem-based operational management procedure. There are four components to the procedure: (i) limit total removals from the ecosystem; (ii) allocate the total removals limit among aggregate species groups; (iii) maintain individual species above minimum stock size thresholds; and (iv) optimize the species mix (within aggregates) based on bio-economic portfolio analysis. In this procedure, “overfishing” criteria are applied only to aggregates of species at the ecosystem and group level, but “overfished” criteria apply at the species/stock level. Previous work using multispecies production models identified conditions where conservation and yield objectives could be balanced: aggregations of species with similar life histories, species interactions, and responses to environmental forcing supported the highest yields while minimizing risks that individual stocks dropped below biomass thresholds. Here, we use a more complex length structured multispecies, multifleet simulation model to explore management procedure steps (i)–(iii). Different species aggregation rules were applied (single species, functional groups, and full system), and yield curves were constructed for each aggregation level by sequentially increasing effort in each of the fleets (alone and simultaneously), while recruitment for each species varied stochastically around a function based on spawning stock biomass. The performance of individual species and each aggregate type was then compared with respect to yield, biomass, and economic revenue objectives under changing environmental conditions. Our results evaluate the trade-offs between these objectives for the 10 species in the simulated system. Overall we found that there are aggregate catch limits that can both maximize yield and revenue while conserving biomass. However, community composition and revenue trade-off over a range of fishing effort. We consider this a starting point for further development with scientists, managers, fishermen, and other stakeholders in the region. AU - Gaichas, Sarah K. AU - Fogarty, Michael AU - Fay, Gavin AU - Gamble, Robert AU - Lucey, Sean AU - Smith, Laurel DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsw119 IS - 2 N1 - 10.1093/icesjms/fsw119 PY - 2017 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 552-565 ST - Combining stock, multispecies, and ecosystem level fishery objectives within an operational management procedure: Simulations to start the conversation T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Combining stock, multispecies, and ecosystem level fishery objectives within an operational management procedure: Simulations to start the conversation VL - 74 ID - 24858 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gain, Animesh K. AU - Rouillard, Josselin J. AU - Benson, David DO - 10.4236/jwarp.2013.54A003 IS - 4A PY - 2013 SP - 11-20 ST - Can integrated water resources management increase adaptive capacity to climate change adaptation? A critical review T2 - Journal of Water Resource and Protection TI - Can integrated water resources management increase adaptive capacity to climate change adaptation? A critical review VL - 5 ID - 21440 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Galbraith, Kate DA - 27 Feb 2012 PY - 2012 ST - Conservation a growing focus for industrial plants as drought stirs fears T2 - The Texas Tribune TI - Conservation a growing focus for industrial plants as drought stirs fears UR - https://www.texastribune.org/2012/02/27/texas-drought-sparked-water-worries-industry/ ID - 21368 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gallinat, Amanda S. AU - Primack, Richard B. AU - Wagner, David L. DA - 3// DO - 10.1016/j.tree.2015.01.004 IS - 3 KW - phenology climate change fruit diapause leaf senescence migration PY - 2015 SN - 0169-5347 SP - 169-176 ST - Autumn, the neglected season in climate change research T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution TI - Autumn, the neglected season in climate change research VL - 30 ID - 21826 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Gallo, Andrea CY - Baton Rouge, LA DA - Sep 2 PY - 2016 ST - Which Baton Rouge ZIP codes were hit hardest? New data lends scope to flooding devastation T2 - The Advocate TI - Which Baton Rouge ZIP codes were hit hardest? New data lends scope to flooding devastation UR - http://www.theadvocate.com/louisiana_flood_2016/article_e8832d38-714d-11e6-b2c7-ab4b6ed62f15.html ID - 24417 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Curry, Barbara E. AU - Gallo, N. D. AU - Levin, L. A. C4 - 7bfdcd59-36f2-4ac1-a120-11460933f947 DO - 10.1016/bs.amb.2016.04.001 KW - Oxygen-minimum zone Oxygen-limited zone Hypoxia Fish ecology Fish adaptations Fisheries Ocean deoxygenation Climate change PB - Academic Press PY - 2016 SE - 3 SN - 0065-2881 SP - 117-198 ST - Fish ecology and evolution in the world's oxygen minimum zones and implications of ocean deoxygenation T2 - Advances in Marine Biology TI - Fish ecology and evolution in the world's oxygen minimum zones and implications of ocean deoxygenation VL - 74 ID - 24859 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gallopin, Gilberto C. DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.004 IS - 3 PY - 2006 SP - 293-303 ST - Linkages between vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Linkages between vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity VL - 16 ID - 19142 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Galloway, Gerald E. DO - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00550.x IS - 3 KW - climate variability/change surface water hydrology planning water policy PY - 2011 SN - 1752-1688 SP - 563-570 ST - If stationarity is dead, what do we do now? T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - If stationarity is dead, what do we do now? VL - 47 ID - 24184 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Acute gastro-intestinal illness (AGI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and an important public health problem. Despite the fact that AGI is currently responsible for a huge burden of disease throughout the world, important knowledge gaps exist in terms of its epidemiology. Specifically, an understanding of seasonality and those factors driving seasonal variation remain elusive. This paper aims to assess variation in the incidence of AGI in British Columbia (BC), Canada over an 11-year study period. We assessed variation in AGI dynamics in general, and disaggregated by hydroclimatic regime and drinking water source. We used several different visual and statistical techniques to describe and characterize seasonal and annual patterns in AGI incidence over time. Our results consistently illustrate marked seasonal patterns; seasonality remains when the dataset is disaggregated by hydroclimatic regime and drinking water source; however, differences in the magnitude and timing of the peaks and troughs are noted. We conclude that systematic descriptions of infectious illness dynamics over time is a valuable tool for informing disease prevention strategies and generating hypotheses to guide future research in an era of global environmental change. AU - Galway, Lindsay P. AU - Allen, Diana M. AU - Parkes, Margot W. AU - Takaro, Tim K. DO - 10.2166/wh.2013.105 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SP - 122-135 ST - Seasonal variation of acute gastro-intestinal illness by hydroclimatic regime and drinking water source: A retrospective population-based study T2 - Journal of Water and Health TI - Seasonal variation of acute gastro-intestinal illness by hydroclimatic regime and drinking water source: A retrospective population-based study VL - 12 ID - 24062 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gambell Planning Organizations AU - Kawerak Community Planning and Development CY - Nome, AK PB - Kawerak, Inc. PY - 2012 SP - 116 ST - Gambell Local Economic Development Plan 2012-2017 TI - Gambell Local Economic Development Plan 2012-2017 UR - http://kawerak.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/gambell.pdf ID - 25846 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Gamble, Janet L. AU - Balbus, John AU - Berger, Martha AU - Bouye, Karen AU - Campbell, Vince AU - Chief, Karletta AU - Conlon, Kathryn AU - Crimmins, Allison AU - Flanagan, Barry AU - Gonzalez-Maddux, Cristina AU - Hallisey, Elaine AU - Hutchins, Sonja AU - Jantarasami, Lesley AU - Khoury, Samar AU - Kiefer, Max AU - Kolling, Jessica AU - Lynn, Kathy AU - Manangan, Arie AU - McDonald, Marian AU - Morello-Frosch, Rachel AU - Redsteer, Margaret Hiza AU - Sheffield, Perry AU - Thigpen Tart, Kimberly AU - Watson, Joanna AU - Whyte, Kyle Powys AU - Wolkin, Amy Funk C4 - c76d7935-9da3-4c4b-9186-86dc658bcc74 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0Q81B0T PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 247–286 ST - Ch. 9: Populations of concern T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 9: Populations of concern ID - 19381 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND: Older adults make up 13% of the U.S. population, but are projected to account for 20% by 2040. Coinciding with this demographic shift, the rate of climate change is accelerating, bringing rising temperatures; increased risk of floods, droughts, and wildfires; stronger tropical storms and hurricanes; rising sea levels; and other climate-related hazards. Older Americans are expected to be located in places that may be relatively more affected by climate change, including coastal zones and large metropolitan areas. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to assess the vulnerability of older Americans to climate change and to identify opportunities for adaptation. METHODS: We performed an extensive literature survey and summarized key findings related to demographics; climate stressors relevant to older adults; factors contributing to exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity; and adaptation strategies. DISCUSSION: A range of physiological and socioeconomic factors make older adults especially sensitive to and/or at risk for exposure to heat waves and other extreme weather events (e.g., hurricanes, floods, droughts), poor air quality, and infectious diseases. Climate change may increase the frequency or severity of these events. CONCLUSIONS: Older Americans are likely to be especially vulnerable to stressors associated with climate change. Although a growing body of evidence reports the adverse effects of heat on the health of older adults, research gaps remain for other climate-related risks. We need additional study of the vulnerability of older adults and the interplay of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive responses to projected climate stressors. AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.gamble.janet@epa.gov AN - 23033457 AU - Gamble, J. L. AU - Hurley, B. J. AU - Schultz, P. A. AU - Jaglom, W. S. AU - Krishnan, N. AU - Harris, M. C2 - 3553435 C6 - NIEHS DA - Jan DB - DO - 10.1289/ehp.1205223 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2012/10/04 IS - 1 KW - Aged Aged, 80 and over Climate Change Humans Risk Assessment Socioeconomic Factors United States LA - eng N1 - Gamble, Janet L Hurley, Bradford J Schultz, Peter A Jaglom, Wendy S Krishnan, Nisha Harris, Melinda United States Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Jan;121(1):15-22. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205223. Epub 2012 Oct 2. PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique SN - 1552-9924 (Electronic) 0091-6765 (Linking) SP - 15-22 ST - Climate change and older Americans: State of the science T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Climate change and older Americans: State of the science VL - 121 ID - 4436 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In several world regions, climate change is predicted to negatively affect crop productivity. The recent statistical yield literature emphasizes the importance of flexibly accounting for the distribution of growing-season temperature to better represent the effects of warming on crop yields. We estimate a flexible statistical yield model using a long panel from France to investigate the impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on wheat and barley yields. Winter varieties appear sensitive to extreme cold after planting. All yields respond negatively to an increase in spring–summer temperatures and are a decreasing function of precipitation about historical precipitation levels. Crop yields are predicted to be negatively affected by climate change under a wide range of climate models and emissions scenarios. Under warming scenario RCP8.5 and holding growing areas and technology constant, our model ensemble predicts a 21.0% decline in winter wheat yield, a 17.3% decline in winter barley yield, and a 33.6% decline in spring barley yield by the end of the century. Uncertainty from climate projections dominates uncertainty from the statistical model. Finally, our model predicts that continuing technology trends would counterbalance most of the effects of climate change. AU - Gammans, Matthew AU - Mérel, Pierre AU - Ortiz-Bobea, Ariel DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa6b0c IS - 5 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 054007 ST - Negative impacts of climate change on cereal yields: Statistical evidence from France T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Negative impacts of climate change on cereal yields: Statistical evidence from France VL - 12 ID - 23522 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gan, Thian Yew AU - Barry, Roger G. AU - Gizaw, Mesgana AU - Gobena, Adam AU - Balaji, Rajagopalan DO - 10.1002/jgrd.50507 IS - 14 KW - Kendall non-parametric test principal component analysis climate anomalies snow water equivalent SMMR and SSM/I passive microwave data North America 0736 Snow 0758 Remote sensing 1630 Impacts of global change 1863 Snow and ice 1807 Climate impacts PY - 2013 SN - 2169-8996 SP - 7682-7697 ST - Changes in North American snowpacks for 1979–2007 detected from the snow water equivalent data of SMMR and SSM/I passive microwave and related climatic factors T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - Changes in North American snowpacks for 1979–2007 detected from the snow water equivalent data of SMMR and SSM/I passive microwave and related climatic factors VL - 118 ID - 23319 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Alien invasive insects such as gypsy moth, hemlock woolly adelgid, and emerald ash borer continue to disturb the mixed deciduous and hemlock forests of eastern North America by causing wide-scale defoliation, decline and/or mortality of their hosts. Some of the most devastating species are spreading in “defense free space”, causing extensive mortality of hosts that are inherently susceptible, perhaps due to their lack of coevolutionary history with the invader. These disturbances have altered the dynamics of canopy gaps, coarse woody debris, biogeochemical cycling, and ecological interactions among organisms in terrestrial and aquatic systems, with consequent effects on forest composition, structure, and function. Populations of indigenous species specialized to particular habitats and/or host trees are most likely to decrease, while some generalist and opportunistic species may increase in invaded forests, including exotic plants as their facilitation by alien insects sparks an “invasional meltdown”. Although poorly documented, alien insects may induce positive feedback effects on ecological processes and interactions. For example, effects of herbivory on foliar chemistry may indirectly alter tri-trophic interactions of indigenous herbivores on their shared hosts, slow rates of terrestrial nutrient cycling, and decrease productivity of aquatic habitats based on allochthonous inputs. Tactics used to eradicate or suppress alien insects in forests such as insecticide applications, biological control, and silvicultural prescriptions can also have ecological impacts. As alien insects continue to establish and spread in forests of eastern North America, their already pervasive effects on ecological interactions and ecosystem processes will continue to magnify. AU - Gandhi, Kamal J. K. AU - Herms, Daniel A. DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s10530-009-9627-9 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2010 SN - 1573-1464 SP - 389-405 ST - Direct and indirect effects of alien insect herbivores on ecological processes and interactions in forests of eastern North America T2 - Biological Invasions TI - Direct and indirect effects of alien insect herbivores on ecological processes and interactions in forests of eastern North America VL - 12 ID - 24318 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ganju, Neil K. AU - Defne, Zafer AU - Kirwan, Matthew L. AU - Fagherazzi, Sergio AU - D’Alpaos, Andrea AU - Carniello, Luca DA - 01/23/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms14156 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 14156 ST - Spatially integrative metrics reveal hidden vulnerability of microtidal salt marshes T2 - Nature Communcations TI - Spatially integrative metrics reveal hidden vulnerability of microtidal salt marshes VL - 8 ID - 21825 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gann, D. M. AU - Dodgson, M. AU - Bhardwaj, D. DO - 10.1147/JRD.2010.2095750 IS - 1.2 KW - Buildings Investments Technological innovation Telecommunication network management Transportation Urban areas PY - 2011 SN - 0018-8646 SP - 8:1-8:10 ST - Physical–digital integration in city infrastructure T2 - IBM Journal of Research and Development TI - Physical–digital integration in city infrastructure VL - 55 ID - 21439 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ganopolski, A. AU - Winkelmann, R. AU - Schellnhuber, H. J. DA - 01/13/online DO - 10.1038/nature16494 PY - 2016 SP - 200-203 ST - Critical insolation–CO2 relation for diagnosing past and future glacial inception T2 - Nature TI - Critical insolation–CO2 relation for diagnosing past and future glacial inception VL - 529 ID - 24489 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GAO CY - Washington DC NV - GAO-04-142 PB - U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) PY - 2003 SP - 82 ST - Alaska Native Villages: Most Are Affected by Flooding and Erosion, but Few Qualify for Federal Assistance TI - Alaska Native Villages: Most Are Affected by Flooding and Erosion, but Few Qualify for Federal Assistance UR - http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04142.pdf ID - 22205 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GAO CY - Washington, DC NV - GAO-07-88 PB - U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) PY - 2007 SP - 84 ST - Disaster Assistance: Better Planning Needed for Housing Victims of Catastrophic Disasters TI - Disaster Assistance: Better Planning Needed for Housing Victims of Catastrophic Disasters UR - https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-07-88 ID - 23981 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GAO C6 - NCA PB - U.S. Government Accountability Office PY - 2009 SN - GAO-09-551 SP - 53 ST - Alaska Native Villages: Limited Progress Has Been Made on Relocating Villages Threatened by Flooding and Erosion TI - Alaska Native Villages: Limited Progress Has Been Made on Relocating Villages Threatened by Flooding and Erosion UR - http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09551.pdf ID - 13490 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GAO CY - Washington, DC NV - GAO-11-297 PB - U.S. Government Accountability Office PY - 2011 SP - 81 ST - FEMA: Action Needed to Improve Administration of the National Flood Insurance Program TI - FEMA: Action Needed to Improve Administration of the National Flood Insurance Program UR - https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-11-297 ID - 23982 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GAO CY - Washington, DC NV - GAO-13-226 PB - U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) PY - 2013 SP - 36 ST - Flood Insurance: Participation of Indian Tribes in Federal and Private Programs. Report to Congressional Committees TI - Flood Insurance: Participation of Indian Tribes in Federal and Private Programs. Report to Congressional Committees UR - https://www.gao.gov/assets/660/651160.pdf ID - 24965 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GAO CY - Washington, DC PB - Government Accounting Office (GAO) PY - 2014 SN - GAO-14-74 SP - 68 ST - Climate Change: Energy Infrastructure Risks and Adaptation Efforts TI - Climate Change: Energy Infrastructure Risks and Adaptation Efforts UR - https://www.gao.gov/assets/670/660558.pdf ID - 25905 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GAO CY - Washington, DC NV - GAO-15-453T PB - U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) PY - 2015 SP - 15 ST - Indian Irrigation Projects: Deferred Maintenance and Financial Sustainability Issues Remain Unresolved. Testimony Before the Committee on Indian Affairs, U.S. Senate, by Anne-Marie Fennell TI - Indian Irrigation Projects: Deferred Maintenance and Financial Sustainability Issues Remain Unresolved. Testimony Before the Committee on Indian Affairs, U.S. Senate, by Anne-Marie Fennell UR - https://www.gao.gov/assets/670/668857.pdf ID - 21685 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GAO CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) PY - 2016 SN - GAO-16-454 SP - 26 ST - Climate Change: Selected Governments Have Approached Adaptation Through Laws and Long-Term Plans TI - Climate Change: Selected Governments Have Approached Adaptation Through Laws and Long-Term Plans UR - https://www.gao.gov/assets/680/677075.pdf ID - 26481 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GAO CY - Washington, DC PB - Government Accounting Office (GAO) PY - 2017 SN - GAO-17-720 SP - 45 ST - Climate Change: Information on Potential Economic Effects Could Help Guide Federal Efforts to Reduce Fiscal Exposure TI - Climate Change: Information on Potential Economic Effects Could Help Guide Federal Efforts to Reduce Fiscal Exposure UR - https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-17-720 ID - 25438 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gao, Jinghong AU - Kovats, Sari AU - Vardoulakis, Sotiris AU - Wilkinson, Paul AU - Woodward, Alistair AU - Li, Jing AU - Gu, Shaohua AU - Liu, Xiaobo AU - Wu, Haixia AU - Wang, Jun AU - Song, Xiaoqin AU - Zhai, Yunkai AU - Zhao, Jie AU - Liu, Qiyong DA - 2018/06/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.193 KW - Air pollution Climate change Greenhouse gas emissions Health co-benefits Mitigation Uncertainty PY - 2018 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 388-402 ST - Public health co-benefits of greenhouse gas emissions reduction: A systematic review T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Public health co-benefits of greenhouse gas emissions reduction: A systematic review VL - 627 ID - 25134 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gao, Yang AU - Lu, Jian AU - Leung, L. Ruby AU - Yang, Qing AU - Hagos, Samson AU - Qian, Yun DO - 10.1002/2015GL065435 IS - 17 KW - atmospheric rivers climate change thermodynamic effects dynamical effects increased moisture 1655 Water cycles 1610 Atmosphere 1817 Extreme events 3305 Climate change and variability 3337 Global climate models PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 7179-7186 ST - Dynamical and thermodynamical modulations on future changes of landfalling atmospheric rivers over western North America T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Dynamical and thermodynamical modulations on future changes of landfalling atmospheric rivers over western North America VL - 42 ID - 19735 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garbrecht, Jurgen D. AU - Steiner, Jean L. AU - Cox, Craig A. DO - 10.1029/2007EO110016 IS - 11 KW - 9815 Notices and announcements PY - 2007 SN - 2324-9250 SP - 136-136 ST - Climate change impacts on soil and water conservation T2 - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union TI - Climate change impacts on soil and water conservation VL - 88 ID - 21154 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garbrecht, Jurgen D. AU - Steiner, Jean L. AU - Cox, Craig A. DO - 10.1002/hyp.6853 IS - 19 PY - 2007 SP - 2677-2679 ST - The times they are changing: Soil and water conservation in the 21st century T2 - Hydrological Processes TI - The times they are changing: Soil and water conservation in the 21st century VL - 21 ID - 26128 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garcia, Rita AU - Freire, Fausto DA - 2017/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.145 KW - Electric vehicles Energy consumption Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) Life-cycle assessment (LCA) Vehicle fleets PY - 2017 SN - 1364-0321 SP - 935-945 ST - A review of fleet-based life-cycle approaches focusing on energy and environmental impacts of vehicles T2 - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews TI - A review of fleet-based life-cycle approaches focusing on energy and environmental impacts of vehicles VL - 79 ID - 23766 ER - TY - JOUR AU - García Molinos, Jorge AU - Halpern, Benjamin S AU - Schoeman, David S AU - Brown, Christopher J AU - Kiessling, Wolfgang AU - Moore, Pippa J AU - Pandolfi, John M AU - Poloczanska, Elvira S AU - Richardson, Anthony J AU - Burrows, Michael T DA - 08/31/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2769 PY - 2015 SP - 83-88 ST - Climate velocity and the future global redistribution of marine biodiversity T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Climate velocity and the future global redistribution of marine biodiversity VL - 6 ID - 23419 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garcia-Menendez, Fernando AU - Monier, Erwan AU - Selin, Noelle E. DO - 10.1002/2016GL071565 IS - 6 KW - ozone air pollution climate change impacts natural variability model projections 0345 Pollution: urban and regional 1616 Climate variability 1807 Climate impacts 3305 Climate change and variability PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 2911-2921 ST - The role of natural variability in projections of climate change impacts on U.S. ozone pollution T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - The role of natural variability in projections of climate change impacts on U.S. ozone pollution VL - 44 ID - 24264 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garcia-Menendez, Fernando AU - Saari, Rebecca K. AU - Monier, Erwan AU - Selin, Noelle E. DO - 10.1021/acs.est.5b01324 IS - 13 PY - 2015 SP - 7580-7588 ST - U.S. air quality and health benefits from avoided climate change under greenhouse gas mitigation T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - U.S. air quality and health benefits from avoided climate change under greenhouse gas mitigation VL - 49 ID - 19310 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The main characteristics of the Quercus pollination season were studied in 14 different localities of the Iberian Peninsula from 1992-2004. Results show that Quercus flowering season has tended to start earlier in recent years, probably due to the increased temperatures in the pre-flowering period, detected at study sites over the second half of the 20th century. A Growing Degree Days forecasting model was used, together with future meteorological data forecast using the Regional Climate Model developed by the Hadley Meteorological Centre, in order to determine the expected advance in the start of Quercus pollination in future years. At each study site, airborne pollen curves presented a similar pattern in all study years, with different peaks over the season attributable in many cases to the presence of several species. High pollen concentrations were recorded, particularly at Mediterranean sites. This study also proposes forecasting models to predict both daily pollen values and annual pollen emission. All models were externally validated using data for 2001 and 2004, with acceptable results. Finally, the impact of the highly-likely climate change on Iberian Quercus pollen concentration values was studied by applying RCM meteorological data for different future years, 2025, 2050, 2075 and 2099. Results indicate that under a doubled CO(2) scenario at the end of the 21st century Quercus pollination season could start on average one month earlier and airborne pollen concentrations will increase by 50 % with respect to current levels, with higher values in Mediterranean inland areas. AD - Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Spain. bv2gamoh@uco.es AU - Garcia-Mozo, H. AU - Galán, C. AU - Jato, V. AU - Belmonte, J. AU - de la Guardia, C.D. AU - Fernández, D. AU - Gutiérrez, M. AU - Aira, M.J. AU - Roure, J.M. AU - Ruiz, L. AU - Trigo, M.M. AU - Domínguez-Vilches, E. DP - NLM ET - 2007/01/02 IS - 2 KW - Air Pollutants/*analysis Air Pollution/*analysis Allergens/*analysis Climate Environmental Monitoring/*methods Forecasting Humans Hypersensitivity/prevention & control *Pollen *Quercus Retrospective Studies Seasons Spain LA - eng N1 - Garcia-Mozo, Herminia Galan, Carmen Jato, Victoria Belmonte, Jordina de la Guardia, Consuelo Fernandez, Delia Gutierrez, Montserrat Aira, M Roure, Joan Ruiz, Luis Trigo, Mar Dominguez-Vilches, Eugenio Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Poland Ann Agric Environ Med. 2006;13(2):209-24. PY - 2006 SN - 1232-1966 (Print) 1232-1966 SP - 209-224 ST - Quercus pollen season dynamics in the Iberian peninsula: Response to meteorological parameters and possible consequences of climate change T2 - Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine TI - Quercus pollen season dynamics in the Iberian peninsula: Response to meteorological parameters and possible consequences of climate change UR - http://www.uco.es/aerobiologia/publicaciones/modelling/climate_change/Quercus_AAEM_def.pdf VL - 13 ID - 18483 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Richmond, T.C. A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Garfin, Gregg AU - Franco, Guido AU - Blanco, Hilda AU - Comrie, Andrew AU - Gonzalez, Patrick AU - Piechota, Thomas AU - Smyth, Rebecca AU - Waskom, Reagan C4 - 99baa64e-2877-4db9-b257-3f41149e73fe CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J08G8HMN PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 RN - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/regions/southwest SP - 462-486 ST - Ch. 20: Southwest T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 20: Southwest ID - 8664 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Garfin, Gregg AU - Jardine, A. AU - Merideth, R. AU - Black, Mary AU - LeRoy, Sarah CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2013 SN - 9781610914468 SP - 528 ST - Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States: A Report Prepared for the National Climate Assessment TI - Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States: A Report Prepared for the National Climate Assessment UR - http://swccar.org/sites/all/themes/files/SW-NCA-color-FINALweb.pdf ID - 13500 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Garfin, Gregg AU - LeRoy, Sarah AU - Shafer, Mark AU - Muth, Meredith AU - Murphy, Victor AU - Palomo, Isaac AU - Ibarra, Martin AU - Ledesma, Idalia AU - Chable, Alberto AU - Pascual, Reynaldo AU - Lopez, Minerva AU - Martinez, Julio. AU - Rangel, Dario R. AU - Colin, Juan S. CY - Tucson, AZ PB - CLIMAS PY - 2018 SP - 6 ST - Rio Grande/Bravo: Climate Impacts and Outlook TI - Rio Grande/Bravo: Climate Impacts and Outlook UR - http://www.climas.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/Rio_Grande-Bravo_Outlook_February2018.pdf ID - 25797 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Garfin, Gregg AU - LeRoy, Sarah AU - Shafer, Mark AU - Muth, Meredith AU - Murphy, Victor AU - Palomo, Isaac AU - Ibarra, Martin AU - Ledesma, Idalia AU - Chable, Alberto AU - Pascual, Reynaldo AU - Lopez, Minerva AU - Martinez, Julio. AU - Rangel, Dario R. AU - Colin, Juan S. CY - Tucson, AZ PB - CLIMAS PY - 2018 SP - 6 ST - Rio Grande/Bravo Impactos Climáticos y Perspectivas TI - Rio Grande/Bravo Impactos Climáticos y Perspectivas UR - https://www.climas.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/Rio_Bravo_Perspectiva_Febrero2018.pdf ID - 26292 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Garfin, Gregg M. AU - LeRoy, Sarah AU - Jones, Hunter CY - Tucson, AZ DO - 10.7289/V5930R6Q PB - Institute of the Environment PY - 2017 SP - 63 ST - Developing an Integrated Heat Health Information System for Long-Term Resilience to Climate and Weather Extremes in the El Paso-Juárez-Las Cruces Region TI - Developing an Integrated Heat Health Information System for Long-Term Resilience to Climate and Weather Extremes in the El Paso-Juárez-Las Cruces Region ID - 24125 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garfinkel, Chaim I. AU - Waugh, Darryn W. AU - Polvani, Lorenzo M. DO - 10.1002/2015GL066942 IS - 24 KW - Hadley Cell chemistry-climate interactions climate change 1610 Atmosphere 1620 Climate dynamics 1626 Global climate models 3305 Climate change and variability 3362 Stratosphere/troposphere interactions PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 10,824-10,831 ST - Recent Hadley cell expansion: The role of internal atmospheric variability in reconciling modeled and observed trends T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Recent Hadley cell expansion: The role of internal atmospheric variability in reconciling modeled and observed trends VL - 42 ID - 19613 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Garlich-Miller, Joel AU - MacCracken, James G. AU - Snyder, Jonathan AU - Meehan, Rosa AU - Myers, Marilyn AU - Wilder, James M. AU - Lance, Ellen AU - Matz, Angela CY - Anchorage, AK PB - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service PY - 2011 SP - 155 ST - Status Review of the Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) TI - Status Review of the Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) UR - https://www.fws.gov/alaska/fisheries/mmm/walrus/pdf/review_2011.pdf ID - 24976 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garner, J. B. AU - Douglas, M. L. AU - Williams, S. R. O. AU - Wales, W. J. AU - Marett, L. C. AU - Nguyen, T. T. T. AU - Reich, C. M. AU - Hayes, B. J. DA - 09/29/online DO - 10.1038/srep34114 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 34114 ST - Genomic selection improves heat tolerance in dairy cattle T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Genomic selection improves heat tolerance in dairy cattle VL - 6 ID - 23521 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Land surface phenology (LSP), the study of seasonal dynamics of vegetated land surfaces from remote sensing, is a key indicator of global change, that both responds to and influences weather and climate. The effects of climatic changes on LSP depend on the relative importance of climatic constraints in specific regions—which are not well understood at global scale. Understanding the climatic constraints that underlie LSP is crucial for explaining climate change effects on global vegetation phenology. We used a combination of modelled and remotely-sensed vegetation activity records to quantify the interplay of three climatic constraints on land surface phenology (namely minimum temperature, moisture availability, and photoperiod), as well as the dynamic nature of these constraints. Our study examined trends and the relative importance of the three constrains at the start and the end of the growing season over eight global environmental zones, for the past three decades. Our analysis revealed widespread shifts in the relative importance of climatic constraints in the temperate and boreal biomes during the 1982–2011 period. These changes in the relative importance of the three climatic constraints, which ranged up to 8% since 1982 levels, varied with latitude and between start and end of the growing season. We found a reduced influence of minimum temperature on start and end of season in all environmental zones considered, with a biome-dependent effect on moisture and photoperiod constraints. For the end of season, we report that the influence of moisture has on average increased for both the temperate and boreal biomes over 8.99 million km 2 . A shifting relative importance of climatic constraints on LSP has implications both for understanding changes and for improving how they may be modelled at large scales. AU - Garonna, Irene AU - de Jong, Rogier AU - Stöckli, Reto AU - Schmid, Bernhard AU - Schenkel, David AU - Schimel, David AU - Schaepman, Michael E. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aaa17b IS - 2 PY - 2018 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 024025 ST - Shifting relative importance of climatic constraints on land surface phenology T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Shifting relative importance of climatic constraints on land surface phenology VL - 13 ID - 25154 ER - TY - MGZN AU - Garrett, Amy M1 - 1 PB - Western Rural Development Center PY - 2017 SP - 13-16 ST - The dry farming collaborative: Co-creating the future of how we manage water on our farms T2 - Rural Connections TI - The dry farming collaborative: Co-creating the future of how we manage water on our farms UR - https://wrdc.usu.edu/files-ou/publications/dry-farming-garrett-rcspr2017.pdf VL - 11 ID - 26512 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We extend Bednar’s theory of a robust federation to examine the factors and institutions influencing the effectiveness of transboundary water governance in an international river basin. We examine the evolution and performance of drought adaptation in the Rio Grande/Bravo river basin of the United States and Mexico—two federal countries. Droughts and water shortages since 1990 have triggered opportunistic behavior by resource users and their governments. Analysis of case studies in three nested geographic contexts (internationally, interstate United States and interstate Mexico) generates evidence of opportunistic behavior and either limited or disputed compliance both internationally and within each country. Structural safeguards have stipulated powers and functions for water allocation and conflict resolution in all three settings, but roles and responsibilities are not clear during droughts. The limitations of structural, popular, and judicial safeguards have elevated the importance of joint monitoring, which we identify as a vital new form of safeguard. AU - Garrick, Dustin Evan AU - Schlager, Edella AU - Villamayor-Tomas, Sergio DO - 10.1093/publius/pjw002 IS - 2 N1 - 10.1093/publius/pjw002 PY - 2016 SN - 0048-5950 SP - 170-198 ST - Governing an international transboundary river: Opportunism, safeguards, and drought adaptation in the Rio Grande T2 - Publius: The Journal of Federalism TI - Governing an international transboundary river: Opportunism, safeguards, and drought adaptation in the Rio Grande VL - 46 ID - 23265 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garris, Heath W. AU - Mitchell, Randall J. AU - Fraser, Lauchlan H. AU - Barrett, Linda R. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12748 IS - 2 KW - artificial neural network climate projections isothermality midwest modeling wetlands WorldClim PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 766-776 ST - Forecasting climate change impacts on the distribution of wetland habitat in the Midwestern United states T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Forecasting climate change impacts on the distribution of wetland habitat in the Midwestern United states VL - 21 ID - 21185 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garuma, Gemechu Fanta AU - Blanchet, Jean-Pierre AU - Girard, Éric AU - Leduc, Martin DA - 2018/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.uclim.2018.02.003 KW - Urban climate Urban heat island Sensible heat Latent heat Surface albedo Urban fraction Rural fraction PY - 2018 SN - 2212-0955 SP - 121-138 ST - Urban surface effects on current and future climate T2 - Urban Climate TI - Urban surface effects on current and future climate VL - 24 ID - 25613 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changes in the frequency and intensity of the prevailing northeast and east trade winds from 1973-2009 are analyzed from four land stations in the Hawaiian Islands. A nonparametric robust trend analysis indicates a downward trend in northeast trade wind frequency since 1973. At the Honolulu International Airport, northeast trade wind days usually occurred 291 days per year 37 years ago are observed to occur only 210 days per year in 2009. In contrast, the frequency of the east trade winds has increased over the past 37 years. Comparison of observations from four ocean buoys with land stations for the last 26 years (1984–2009) is presented. The northeast trade frequency is found to decrease for all eight stations while the east trade winds are found to increase in frequency. These results are similar to the longer (1973–2009) data set. Most buoys revealed an increase in trade wind speeds since 1984. The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis II data are used to analyze surface winds and sea level pressure (SLP) over the north Pacific. A northeast to east shifting of winds and an increase in SLP is found to occur from the 1980s to the 2000s epoch. Linear trends in reanalysis II from 1980 to 2009 indicated a strengthening of northeast trade winds over the Hawaiian Islands and in the subtropical eastern North Pacific with an extension of increased northerlies off the California coast. Meanwhile, southeast trades in the eastern North Pacific reduced their strength. Changes in trades in the western Pacific are relatively small. AU - Garza, Jessica A. AU - Chu, Pao-Shin AU - Norton, Chase W. AU - Schroeder, Thomas A. DA - 2012/06/16/ DO - 10.1029/2011JD016888 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - D11 KW - Pacific Ocean Hawaii winds and waves 3309 Climatology 1704 Atmospheric sciences 1872 Time series analysis 1984 Statistical methods: Descriptive 5445 Meteorology Hawaii climate non-parametric test trade winds LA - en PY - 2012 SN - 2156-2202 SP - D11109 ST - Changes of the prevailing trade winds over the islands of Hawaii and the North Pacific T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Changes of the prevailing trade winds over the islands of Hawaii and the North Pacific VL - 117 Y2 - 2016/01/15/23:04:41 ID - 22434 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Few studies have examined the variation in mortality risk associated with heat during the summer. Here, we apply flexible statistical models to investigate the issue by using a large multicountry data set. We collected daily time-series data of temperature and mortality from 305 locations in 9 countries, in the period 1985–2012. We first estimated the heat-mortality relationship in each location with time-varying distributed lag non-linear models, using a bivariate spline to model the exposure-lag-response over lag 0–10. Estimates were then pooled by country through multivariate meta-analysis. Results provide strong evidence of a reduction in risk over the season. Relative risks for the 99th percentile versus the minimum mortality temperature were in the range of 1.15–2.03 in early summer. In late summer, the excess was substantially reduced or abated, with relative risks in the range of 0.97–1.41 and indications of wider comfort ranges and higher minimum mortality temperatures. The attenuation is mainly due to shorter lag periods in late summer. In conclusion, this multicountry analysis suggests a reduction of heat-related mortality risk over the summer, which can be attributed to several factors, such as true acclimatization, adaptive behaviors, or harvesting effects. These findings may have implications on public health policies and climate change health impact projections. AU - Gasparrini, Antonio AU - Guo, Yuming AU - Hashizume, Masahiro AU - Lavigne, Eric AU - Tobias, Aurelio AU - Zanobetti, Antonella AU - Schwartz, Joel D. AU - Leone, Michela AU - Michelozzi, Paola AU - Kan, Haidong AU - Tong, Shilu AU - Honda, Yasushi AU - Kim, Ho AU - Armstrong, Ben G. DO - 10.1093/aje/kwv260 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SN - 0002-9262 SP - 1027-1036 ST - Changes in susceptibility to heat during the summer: A multicountry analysis T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology TI - Changes in susceptibility to heat during the summer: A multicountry analysis VL - 183 ID - 26187 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gasparrini, Antonio AU - Guo, Yuming AU - Hashizume, Masahiro AU - Lavigne, Eric AU - Zanobetti, Antonella AU - Schwartz, Joel AU - Tobias, Aurelio AU - Tong, Shilu AU - Rocklöv, Joacim AU - Forsberg, Bertil AU - Leone, Michela AU - De Sario, Manuela AU - Bell, Michelle L. AU - Guo, Yue-Liang Leon AU - Wu, Chang-fu AU - Kan, Haidong AU - Yi, Seung-Muk AU - de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Micheline AU - Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento AU - Honda, Yasushi AU - Kim, Ho AU - Armstrong, Ben DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62114-0 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2015 SP - 369-375 ST - Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: A multicountry observational study T2 - The Lancet TI - Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: A multicountry observational study VL - 386 ID - 19127 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Gaston A. J., Smith, P. A., and Provencher, J. F. 2012. Discontinuous change in ice cover in Hudson Bay in the 1990s and some consequences for marine birds and their prey. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: .Arctic ice cover has changed strikingly since the mid-1990s, with the minimum ice extent in the northern hemisphere diminishing by 8.5% per decade since 1981. In the Canadian Arctic, ice cover in June and November showed a step change in the mid-1990s, with little reduction before that. There was a similar step change in northern Hudson Bay. A long-term dataset on marine birds at Coats Island, Nunavut, revealed that many changes in seabird biology also exhibited an abrupt change at, or soon after, the change in ice conditions. This applied to their diet that switched in the 1990s from one dominated by Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida, to one dominated by capelin, Mallotus villosus. Evidence from the proportion of Arctic cod in adult diets suggested that the length of the open-water season may be a good predictor of the switch between Arctic cod and capelin. Other changes, in nestling growth and population trend, may relate to the same ecosystem changes that led to the switch in diet. Abrupt changes, as in the breeding biology of murres at Coats Island, would seem to be characteristic of ecosystem alterations driven by climate change. AU - Gaston, Anthony J. AU - Smith, Paul A. AU - Provencher, Jennifer F. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fss040 IS - 7 N1 - 10.1093/icesjms/fss040 PY - 2012 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 1218-1225 ST - Discontinuous change in ice cover in Hudson Bay in the 1990s and some consequences for marine birds and their prey T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Discontinuous change in ice cover in Hudson Bay in the 1990s and some consequences for marine birds and their prey VL - 69 ID - 24860 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anthropogenic CO2 emissions directly affect atmospheric chemistry but also have a strong influence on the oceans. Gattuso et al. review how the physics, chemistry, and ecology of the oceans might be affected based on two CO2 emission trajectories: one business as usual and one with aggressive reductions. Ocean warming, acidification, sea-level rise, and the expansion of oxygen minimum zones will continue to have distinct impacts on marine communities and ecosystems. The path that humanity takes regarding CO2 emissions will largely determine the severity of these phenomena.Science, this issue 10.1126/science.aac4722BACKGROUNDAlthough the ocean moderates anthropogenic climate change, this has great impacts on its fundamental physics and chemistry, with important consequences for ecosystems and people. Yet, despite the ocean’s critical role in regulating climate—and providing food security and livelihoods for millions of people—international climate negotiations have only minimally considered impacts on the ocean. Here, we evaluate changes to the ocean and its ecosystems, as well as to the goods and services they provide, under two contrasting CO2 scenarios: the current high-emissions trajectory (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, RCP8.5) and a stringent emissions scenario (RCP2.6) consistent with the Copenhagen Accord of keeping mean global temperature increase below 2°C in the 21st century. To do this, we draw on the consensus science in the latest assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and papers published since the assessment.ADVANCESWarming and acidification of surface ocean waters will increase proportionately with cumulative CO2 emissions (see figure). Warm-water corals have already been affected, as have mid-latitude seagrass, high-latitude pteropods and krill, mid-latitude bivalves, and fin fishes. Even under the stringent emissions scenario (RCP2.6), warm-water corals and mid-latitude bivalves will be at high risk by 2100. Under our current rate of emissions, most marine organisms evaluated will have very high risk of impacts by 2100 and many by 2050. These results—derived from experiments, field observations, and modeling—are consistent with evidence from high-CO2 periods in the paleorecord.Impacts to the ocean’s ecosystem services follow a parallel trajectory. Services such as coastal protection and capture fisheries are already affected by ocean warming and acidification. The risks of impacts to these services increase with continued emissions: They are predicted to remain moderate for the next 85 years for most services under stringent emission reductions, but the business-as-usual scenario (RCP8.5) would put all ecosystem services we considered at high or very high risk over the same time frame. These impacts will be cumulative or synergistic with other human impacts, such as overexploitation of living resources, habitat destruction, and pollution. Fin fisheries at low latitudes, which are a key source of protein and income for millions of people, will be at high risk.OUTLOOKFour key messages emerge. First, the ocean strongly influences the climate system and provides important services to humans. Second, impacts on key marine and coastal organisms, ecosystems, and services are already detectable, and several will face high risk of impacts well before 2100, even under the low-emissions scenario (RCP2.6). These impacts will occur across all latitudes, making this a global concern beyond the north/south divide. Third, immediate and substantial reduction of CO2 emissions is required to prevent the massive and mostly irreversible impacts on ocean ecosystems and their services that are projected with emissions greater than those in RCP2.6. Limiting emissions to this level is necessary to meet stated objectives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; a substantially different ocean would result from any less-stringent emissions scenario. Fourth, as atmospheric CO2 increases, protection, adaptation, and repair options for the ocean become fewer and less effective.The ocean provides compelling arguments for rapid reductions in CO2 emissions and eventually atmospheric CO2 drawdown. Hence, any new global climate agreement that does not minimize the impacts on the ocean will be inadequate.Changes in ocean physics and chemistry and impacts on organisms and ecosystem services according to stringent (RCP2.6) and high business-as-usual (RCP8.5) CO2 emissions scenarios.Changes in temperature (∆T) and pH (∆pH) in 2090 to 2099 are relative to preindustrial (1870 to 1899). Sea level rise (SLR) in 2100 is relative to 1901. RCP2.6 is much more favorable to the ocean, although important ecosystems, goods, and services remain vulnerable, and allows more-efficient management options. l, m, h: low, mid-, and high latitudes, respectively.The ocean moderates anthropogenic climate change at the cost of profound alterations of its physics, chemistry, ecology, and services. Here, we evaluate and compare the risks of impacts on marine and coastal ecosystems—and the goods and services they provide—for growing cumulative carbon emissions under two contrasting emissions scenarios. The current emissions trajectory would rapidly and significantly alter many ecosystems and the associated services on which humans heavily depend. A reduced emissions scenario—consistent with the Copenhagen Accord’s goal of a global temperature increase of less than 2°C—is much more favorable to the ocean but still substantially alters important marine ecosystems and associated goods and services. The management options to address ocean impacts narrow as the ocean warms and acidifies. Consequently, any new climate regime that fails to minimize ocean impacts would be incomplete and inadequate.%U AU - Gattuso, J.-P. AU - Magnan, A. AU - Billé, R. AU - Cheung, W. W. L. AU - Howes, E. L. AU - Joos, F. AU - Allemand, D. AU - Bopp, L. AU - Cooley, S. R. AU - Eakin, C. M. AU - Hoegh-Guldberg, O. AU - Kelly, R. P. AU - Pörtner, H.-O. AU - Rogers, A. D. AU - Baxter, J. M. AU - Laffoley, D. AU - Osborn, D. AU - Rankovic, A. AU - Rochette, J. AU - Sumaila, U. R. AU - Treyer, S. AU - Turley, C. DO - 10.1126/science.aac4722 IS - 6243 PY - 2015 SP - aac4722 ST - Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios T2 - Science TI - Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios VL - 349 ID - 20435 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gautam, Mahesh R. AU - Chief, Karletta AU - Smith, William J., Jr. C6 - NCA DA - Cotober 2013 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0737-0 ET - 2013/04/09 IS - 3 LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 585-599 ST - Climate change in arid lands and Native American socioeconomic vulnerability: The case of the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change in arid lands and Native American socioeconomic vulnerability: The case of the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe VL - 120 ID - 13509 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Gazette Staff CY - Cedar Rapids, IA DA - January 1 PY - 2017 ST - High waters: Floods of 2016 transformed Eastern Iowans' lives T2 - The Gazette TI - High waters: Floods of 2016 transformed Eastern Iowans' lives UR - http://www.thegazette.com/subject/news/high-waters-floods-of-2016-transformed-eastern-iowans-lives-20170101 ID - 24585 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Gearheard, Shari Fox AU - Kielsen Holm, Lene AU - Huntington, Henry P. AU - Leavitt, Joe Mello AU - Mahoney, Andrew R. AU - Oshima, Toku AU - Sanguya, Joelie C4 - f7ec5787-ad3d-4d03-a770-c7874345a1c3 CY - Hanover, NH PB - International Polar Institute (IPI) Press PY - 2013 SN - 978-0-9961938-5-6 ; 978-0-9821703-9-7 SP - 366 ST - The Meaning of Ice: People and Sea Ice in Three Arctic Communities TI - The Meaning of Ice: People and Sea Ice in Three Arctic Communities ID - 22206 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effect that rising atmospheric CO2 levels will have on forest productivity and water use efficiency remains uncertain, yet it has critical implications for future rates of carbon sequestration and forest distributions. Efforts to understand the effect that rising CO2 will have on forests are largely based on growth chamber studies of seedlings, and the relatively small number of FACE sites. Inferences from these studies are limited by their generally short durations, artificial growing conditions, unnatural step‐increases in CO2 concentrations, and poor replication. Here we analyze the global record of annual radial tree growth, derived from the International Tree ring Data Bank (ITRDB), for evidence of increasing growth rates that cannot be explained by climatic change alone, and for evidence of decreasing sensitivity to drought. We find that approximately 20 percent of sites globally exhibit increasing trends in growth that cannot be attributed to climatic causes, nitrogen deposition, elevation, or latitude, which we attribute to a direct CO2 fertilization effect. No differences were found between species in their likelihood to exhibit growth increases attributable to CO2 fertilization, although Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), the two most commonly sampled species in the ITRDB, exhibit a CO2 fertilization signal at frequencies very near their upper and lower confidence limits respectively. Overall these results suggest that CO2 fertilization of forests will not counteract emissions or slow warming in any substantial fashion, but do suggest that future forest dynamics may differ from those seen today depending on site conditions and individual species' responses to elevated CO2. AU - Gedalof, Z. AU - Berg, Aaron A. DO - 10.1029/2009GB003699 IS - 3 PY - 2010 SP - GB3027 ST - Tree ring evidence for limited direct CO2 fertilization of forests over the 20th century T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Tree ring evidence for limited direct CO2 fertilization of forests over the 20th century VL - 24 ID - 25155 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gedan, Keryn B. AU - Kirwan, Matthew L. AU - Wolanski, Eric AU - Barbier, Edward B. AU - Silliman, Brian R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-010-0003-7 IS - 1 KW - Earth and Environmental Science PY - 2011 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 7-29 ST - The present and future role of coastal wetland vegetation in protecting shorelines: Answering recent challenges to the paradigm T2 - Climatic Change TI - The present and future role of coastal wetland vegetation in protecting shorelines: Answering recent challenges to the paradigm VL - 106 ID - 13516 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and concentrations of salts in surface water bodies can be affected by the natural environment and local human activities such as surface and ground water withdrawals, land use and energy extraction, and variability and long‐term trends in atmospheric conditions including temperature and precipitation. Here, we quantify the relationship between 121 indicators of mean and extreme temperature and precipitation and 24 water quality parameters in 57 Texas reservoirs using observational data records covering the period 1960 to 2010. Over time scales ranging from 1 week to 2 years, we find that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, chloride, sulfate, and phosphorus all show consistent correlations with atmospheric predictors, including high and low temperature extremes, dry days, heavy precipitation events, and mean temperature and precipitation. Based on these relationships combined with regional climate projections, we expect climate change to increase water temperatures, decrease dissolved oxygen levels, decrease pH, increase specific conductance, and increase levels of sulfate and chloride in Texas reservoirs. Over decadal time scales, this may affect aquatic ecosystems in the reservoirs, including altering the risk of conditions conducive to algae occurrence, as well as affecting the quality of water available for human consumption and recreation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. AU - Gelca, Rodica AU - Hayhoe, Katharine AU - Scott‐Fleming, Ian AU - Crow, Caleb AU - Dawson, Dan AU - Patiño, Reynaldo DO - 10.1002/hyp.10545 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 12-29 ST - Climate–water quality relationships in Texas reservoirs T2 - Hydrological Processes TI - Climate–water quality relationships in Texas reservoirs VL - 30 ID - 25786 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gelfand, Ilya AU - Sahajpal, Ritvik AU - Zhang, Xuesong AU - Izaurralde, R. Cesar AU - Gross, Katherine L. AU - Robertson, G. Philip DA - Jan 24 DO - 10.1038/nature11811 IS - 7433 KW - Agriculture/*methods/statistics & numerical data Biofuels/statistics & numerical data/*supply & distribution Biomass Carbon Footprint/statistics & numerical data Cellulose/metabolism Crops, Agricultural/economics/growth & development Environmental Policy Ethanol/metabolism/supply & distribution Fossil Fuels/statistics & numerical data/utilization Greenhouse Effect/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data Michigan Midwestern United States Renewable Energy/*statistics & numerical data PY - 2013 SN - 1476-4687 (Electronic) 0028-0836 (Linking) SP - 514-517 ST - Sustainable bioenergy production from marginal lands in the US Midwest T2 - Nature TI - Sustainable bioenergy production from marginal lands in the US Midwest VL - 493 ID - 22581 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There are diverse linkages between climate change and security including risks of conflict, national security concerns, critical national infrastructure, geo-political rivalries and threats to human security. We review analysis of these domains from primary research and from policy prescriptive and advocacy sources. We conclude that much analysis over-emphasises deterministic mechanisms between climate change and security. Yet the climate-security nexus is more complex than it appears and requires attention from across the social sciences. We review the robustness of present social sciences analysis in assessing the causes and consequences of climate change on human security, and identify new areas of research. These new areas include the need to analyse the absence of conflict in the face of climate risks and the need to expand the range of issues accounted for in analysis of climate and security including the impacts of mitigation response on domains of security. We argue for the necessity of robust theories that explain causality and associations, and the need to include theories of asymmetric power relations in explaining security dimensions. We also highlight the dilemmas of how observations and historical analysis of climate and security dimensions may be limited as the climate changes in ways that present regions with unprecedented climate risks. AU - Gemenne, François AU - Barnett, Jon AU - Adger, W. Neil AU - Dabelko, Geoffrey D. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1074-7 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 1-9 ST - Climate and security: Evidence, emerging risks, and a new agenda T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate and security: Evidence, emerging risks, and a new agenda VL - 123 ID - 22076 ER - TY - JOUR AB - High-resolution (4 km; hourly) regional climate modeling is utilized to resolve March–May hazardous convective weather east of the U.S. Continental Divide for a historical climate period (1980–90). A hazardous convective weather model proxy is used to depict occurrences of tornadoes, damaging thunderstorm wind gusts, and large hail at hourly intervals during the period of record. Through dynamical downscaling, the regional climate model does an admirable job of replicating the seasonal spatial shifts of hazardous convective weather occurrence during the months examined. Additionally, the interannual variability and diurnal progression of observed severe weather reports closely mimic cycles produced by the regional model. While this methodology has been tested in previous research, this is the first study to use coarse-resolution global climate model data to force a high-resolution regional model with continuous seasonal integration in the United States for purposes of resolving severe convection. Overall, it is recommended that dynamical downscaling play an integral role in measuring climatological distributions of severe weather, both in historical and future climates. AU - Gensini, Vittorio A. AU - Mote, Thomas L. DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00777.1 IS - 17 KW - Deep convection,Severe storms,Tornadoes,Climate variability,Climate models PY - 2014 SP - 6581-6589 ST - Estimations of hazardous convective weather in the United States using dynamical downscaling T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Estimations of hazardous convective weather in the United States using dynamical downscaling VL - 27 ID - 20332 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GEO CY - [Geneva, Switzerland] PB - Group on Earth Observations (GEO) PY - 2015 SP - 19 ST - GEO Strategic Plan 2016-2025: Implementing GEOSS TI - GEO Strategic Plan 2016-2025: Implementing GEOSS UR - http://www.earthobservations.org/documents/GEO_Strategic_Plan_2016_2025_Implementing_GEOSS.pdf ID - 22101 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Richmond, T.C. A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Georgakakos, Aris AU - Fleming, Paul AU - Dettinger, Michael AU - Peters-Lidard, Christa AU - Richmond, T.C. AU - Reckhow, Ken AU - White, Kathleen AU - Yates, David C4 - 3ff0e30a-c5ee-4ed9-8034-288be428125b CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0G44N6T PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 RN - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/water SP - 69-112 ST - Ch. 3: Water resources T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 3: Water resources ID - 8647 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Modeling results incorporating several distinct urban expansion futures for the United States in 2100 show that, in the absence of any adaptive urban design, megapolitan expansion, alone and separate from greenhouse gas-induced forcing, can be expected to raise near-surface temperatures 1-2 degrees C not just at the scale of individual cities but over large regional swaths of the country. This warming is a significant fraction of the 21st century greenhouse gas-induced climate change simulated by global climate models. Using a suite of regional climate simulations, we assessed the efficacy of commonly proposed urban adaptation strategies, such as green, cool roof, and hybrid approaches, to ameliorate the warming. Our results quantify how judicious choices in urban planning and design cannot only counteract the climatological impacts of the urban expansion itself but also, can, in fact, even offset a significant percentage of future greenhouse warming over large scales. Our results also reveal tradeoffs among different adaptation options for some regions, showing the need for geographically appropriate strategies rather than one size fits all solutions. AU - Georgescu, M. AU - Morefield, P. E. AU - Bierwagen, B. G. AU - Weaver, C. P. DA - Feb DO - 10.1073/pnas.1322280111 IS - 8 KW - urban Adaptation Projection climate change PY - 2014 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 2909-2914 ST - Urban adaptation can roll back warming of emerging megapolitan regions T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Urban adaptation can roll back warming of emerging megapolitan regions VL - 111 ID - 22733 ER - TY - WEB AU - Georgetown Climate Center PY - 2018 ST - State and Local Adaptation Plans TI - State and Local Adaptation Plans UR - http://www.georgetownclimate.org/adaptation/plans.html ID - 25729 ER - TY - WEB AU - Georgetown Climate Center CY - Washington, DC PB - Georgetown Climate Center PY - 2018 ST - Preparing for Climate Change Impacts in the Transportation Sector TI - Preparing for Climate Change Impacts in the Transportation Sector UR - http://www.georgetownclimate.org/adaptation/transportation-impacts.html ID - 26028 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We evaluate the implications of ten twenty-first century climate scenarios for snow, soil moisture, and fuel moisture across the conterminous western USA using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrology model. A decline in mountain snowpack, an advance in the timing of spring melt, and a reduction in snow season are projected for five mountain ranges in the region. For the southernmost range (the White Mountains), spring snow at most elevations will disappear by the end of the twenty-first century. We investigate soil and fuel moisture changes for the five mountain ranges and for six lowland regions. The accelerated depletion of mountain snowpack due to warming leads to reduced summer soil moisture across mountain environments. Similarly, warmer and drier summers lead to decreases of up to 25% in dead fuel moisture across all mountain ranges. Collective declines in spring mountain snowpack, summer soil moisture, and fuel moisture across western mountain ranges will increase fire potential in flammability-limited forested systems where fuels are not limiting. Projected changes in fire potential in predominately fuel-limited systems at lower elevations are more uncertain given the confounding signals between projected changes in soil moisture and fuel moisture. AU - Gergel, Diana R. AU - Nijssen, Bart AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis P. AU - Stumbaugh, Matt R. DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1899-y IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 287-299 ST - Effects of climate change on snowpack and fire potential in the western USA T2 - Climatic Change TI - Effects of climate change on snowpack and fire potential in the western USA VL - 141 ID - 20853 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gerlach, S. Craig AU - Loring, Philip A. DA - 2013/01/01 DO - 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21560 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SN - null SP - 21560 ST - Rebuilding northern foodsheds, sustainable food systems, community well-being, and food security T2 - International Journal of Circumpolar Health TI - Rebuilding northern foodsheds, sustainable food systems, community well-being, and food security VL - 72 ID - 23767 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gerrard, Michael B. IS - 3 KW - added by ERG PY - 2016 SP - 28-31 ST - Preparing clients for climate change T2 - GP Solo - American Bar Association TI - Preparing clients for climate change UR - https://www.americanbar.org/groups/gpsolo/publications/gp_solo/2016/may-june/preparing_clients_climate_change/ VL - 33 ID - 23082 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Gerrard, Michael B. AU - Kuh, Katrina Fischer CY - Chicago, IL PB - ABA Book Publishing PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-61438-696-4 SP - 928 ST - The Law of Adaptation to Climate Change: U.S. and International Aspects TI - The Law of Adaptation to Climate Change: U.S. and International Aspects ID - 24202 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gerrard, Michael B. AU - McTiernan, Edward IS - 45 PY - 2017 SP - 3 ST - New York's new sea level rise projections will affect land use, infrastructure T2 - New York Law Journal TI - New York's new sea level rise projections will affect land use, infrastructure UR - http://columbiaclimatelaw.com/files/2017/03/070031715-Arnold.pdf VL - 257 ID - 22582 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gershunov, Alexander AU - Cayan, Daniel R. AU - Iacobellis, Sam F. C6 - NCA DA - 2009/12/01 DO - 10.1175/2009jcli2465.1 IS - 23 PY - 2009 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 6181-6203 ST - The great 2006 heat wave over California and Nevada: Signal of an increasing trend T2 - Journal of Climate TI - The great 2006 heat wave over California and Nevada: Signal of an increasing trend VL - 22 Y2 - 2012/02/29 ID - 13534 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Gething, Bill AU - Puckett, Katie C4 - 58332400-2770-493e-9094-e99a04cfae17 CY - Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK PB - RIBA Publishing PY - 2010 SN - 9781859464489 SP - 192 ST - Design for Climate Change TI - Design for Climate Change UR - https://www.arcc-network.org.uk/wp-content/D4FC/01_Design-for-Future-Climate-Bill-Gething-report.pdf ID - 22978 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Getschow, George AU - Husinger, Nathan PY - 2015 ST - The dam called Trouble T2 - The Dallas Morning News TI - The dam called Trouble UR - http://interactives.dallasnews.com/2015/lewisville-dam/ ID - 23280 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Getter, Kristin L. AU - Rowe, D. Bradley AU - Robertson, G. Philip AU - Cregg, Bert M. AU - Andresen, Jeffrey A. DA - 2009/10/01 DO - 10.1021/es901539x IS - 19 PY - 2009 SN - 0013-936X SP - 7564-7570 ST - Carbon sequestration potential of extensive green roofs T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Carbon sequestration potential of extensive green roofs VL - 43 ID - 26569 ER - TY - WEB AU - GFCS CY - Geneva, Switzerland PB - Global Framework for Climate Services (GRCS) PY - 2017 ST - GRCS [web site] TI - GRCS [web site] UR - http://www.gfcs-climate.org/ ID - 22099 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Warmer conditions over the past two decades have contributed to rapid expansion of bark beetle outbreaks killing millions of trees over a large fraction of western United States (US) forests. These outbreaks reduce plant productivity by killing trees and transfer carbon from live to dead pools where carbon is slowly emitted to the atmosphere via heterotrophic respiration which subsequently feeds back to climate change. Recent studies have begun to examine the local impacts of bark beetle outbreaks in individual stands, but the full regional carbon consequences remain undocumented for the western US. In this study, we quantify the regional carbon impacts of the bark beetle outbreaks taking place in western US forests. The work relies on a combination of postdisturbance forest regrowth trajectories derived from forest inventory data and a process‐based carbon cycle model tracking decomposition, as well as aerial detection survey (ADS) data documenting the regional extent and severity of recent outbreaks. We find that biomass killed by bark beetle attacks across beetle‐affected areas in western US forests from 2000 to 2009 ranges from 5 to 15 Tg C yr−1 and caused a reduction of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of about 6.1–9.3 Tg C y−1 by 2009. Uncertainties result largely from a lack of detailed surveys of the extent and severity of outbreaks, calling out a need for improved characterization across western US forests. The carbon flux legacy of 2000–2009 outbreaks will continue decades into the future (e.g., 2040–2060) as committed emissions from heterotrophic respiration of beetle‐killed biomass are balanced by forest regrowth and accumulation. AU - Ghimire, Bardan AU - Williams, Christopher A. AU - Collatz, G. James AU - Vanderhoof, Melanie AU - Rogan, John AU - Kulakowski, Dominik AU - Masek, Jeffrey G. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12933 IS - 8 PY - 2015 SP - 3087-3101 ST - Large carbon release legacy from bark beetle outbreaks across Western United States T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Large carbon release legacy from bark beetle outbreaks across Western United States VL - 21 ID - 25156 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie AU - Cohen, Deborah AU - Hunter, Gerald AU - Zenk, Shannon N. AU - Huang, Christina AU - Beckman, Robin AU - Dubowitz, Tamara DA - 2014/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.07.005 IS - 5 PY - 2014 SN - 0749-3797 SP - 587-595 ST - Distance to store, food prices, and obesity in urban food deserts T2 - American Journal of Preventive Medicine TI - Distance to store, food prices, and obesity in urban food deserts VL - 47 ID - 22985 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GI Team CY - Arlington, VA PB - Nature Conservancy for the Green Infrastructure (GI) Team PY - 2013 SP - 9 ST - Case for Green Infrastructure: Joint-Industry White Paper TI - Case for Green Infrastructure: Joint-Industry White Paper UR - https://www.nature.org/content/dam/tnc/nature/en/documents/the-case-for-green-infrastructure.pdf ID - 23987 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Giambelluca, Thomas W. AU - Chen, Qi AU - Frazier, Abby G. AU - Price, Jonathan P. AU - Chen, Yi-Leng AU - Chu, Pao-Shin AU - Eischeid, Jon K. AU - Delparte, Donna M. DA - 2013/03/01/ DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00228.1 DP - journals.ametsoc.org (Atypon) IS - 3 KW - Rainfall Hawaii freshwater PY - 2013 SN - 0003-0007 SP - 313-316 ST - Online rainfall atlas of Hawai‘i T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Online rainfall atlas of Hawai‘i VL - 94 Y2 - 2016/01/15/23:12:08 ID - 22435 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gibbs, A.E. AU - Richmond, B.M. DO - 10.3133/ofr20151048 NV - U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1048 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2015 SP - 96 ST - National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change Along the North Coast of Alaska, U.S.–Canadian Border to Icy Cape TI - National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change Along the North Coast of Alaska, U.S.–Canadian Border to Icy Cape VL - 2015-1048 ID - 20137 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Stabilizing global temperature will require a shift to renewable or nuclear power from fossil power and the large-scale deployment of CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) for remaining fossil fuel use. Non-climate co-benefits of low-carbon energy technologies, especially reduced mortalities from air pollution and decreased ecosystem damage, have been important arguments for policies to reduce CO 2 emissions. Taking into account a wide range of environmental mechanisms and the complex interactions of the supply chains of different technologies, we conducted the first life cycle assessment of potential human health and ecological impacts of a global low-carbon electricity scenario. Our assessment indicates strong human health benefits of low-carbon electricity. For ecosystem quality, there is a significant trade-off between reduced pollution and climate impacts and potentially significant ecological impacts from land use associated with increased biopower utilization. Other renewables, nuclear power and CCS show clear ecological benefits, so that the climate mitigation scenario with a relatively low share of biopower has lower ecosystem impacts than the baseline scenario. Energy policy can maximize co-benefits by supporting other renewable and nuclear power and developing biomass supply from sources with low biodiversity impact. AU - Gibon, Thomas AU - Hertwich, Edgar G. AU - Arvesen, Anders AU - Singh, Bhawna AU - Verones, Francesca DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa6047 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 034023 ST - Health benefits, ecological threats of low-carbon electricity T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Health benefits, ecological threats of low-carbon electricity VL - 12 ID - 24488 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gieder, Katherina D. AU - Karpanty, Sarah M. AU - Fraser, James D. AU - Catlin, Daniel H. AU - Gutierrez, Benjamin T. AU - Plant, Nathaniel G. AU - Turecek, Aaron M. AU - Robert Thieler, E. DA - 2014/03/24/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.005 KW - Bayesian network Development Habitat Piping plover Sea-level rise Shorebird PY - 2014 SN - 0304-3800 SP - 38-50 ST - A Bayesian network approach to predicting nest presence of the federally-threatened piping plover (Charadrius melodus) using barrier island features T2 - Ecological Modelling TI - A Bayesian network approach to predicting nest presence of the federally-threatened piping plover (Charadrius melodus) using barrier island features VL - 276 ID - 21823 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The seasonal timing of lifecycle events is closely linked to individual fitness and hence, maladaptation in phenological traits may impact population dynamics. However, few studies have analysed whether and why climate change will alter selection pressures and hence possibly induce maladaptation in phenology. To fill this gap, we here use a theoretical modelling approach. In our models, the phenologies of consumer and resource are (potentially) environmentally sensitive and depend on two different but correlated environmental variables. Fitness of the consumer depends on the phenological match with the resource. Because we explicitly model the dependence of the phenologies on environmental variables, we can test how differential (heterogeneous) versus equal (homogeneous) rates of change in the environmental variables affect selection on consumer phenology. As expected, under heterogeneous change, phenotypic plasticity is insufficient and thus selection on consumer phenology arises. However, even homogeneous change leads to directional selection on consumer phenology. This is because the consumer reaction norm has historically evolved to be flatter than the resource reaction norm, owing to time lags and imperfect cue reliability. Climate change will therefore lead to increased selection on consumer phenology across a broad range of situations.%U http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royprsb/281/1793/20141611.full.pdf AU - Gienapp, Phillip AU - Reed, Thomas E. AU - Visser, Marcel E. DO - 10.1098/rspb.2014.1611 IS - 1793 PY - 2014 ST - Why climate change will invariably alter selection pressures on phenology T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Why climate change will invariably alter selection pressures on phenology VL - 281 ID - 23379 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gilbert, Denis AU - Sundby, Bjorn AU - Gobeil, Charles AU - Mucci, Alfonso AU - Tremblay, Gilles- H. DO - 10.4319/lo.2005.50.5.1654 IS - 5 PY - 2005 SN - 1939-5590 SP - 1654-1666 ST - A seventy-two-year record of diminishing deep-water oxygen in the St. Lawrence estuary: The northwest Atlantic connection T2 - Limnology and Oceanography TI - A seventy-two-year record of diminishing deep-water oxygen in the St. Lawrence estuary: The northwest Atlantic connection VL - 50 ID - 20022 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gilbert, Stanley W. AU - Butry, David T. AU - Helgeson, Jennifer F. AU - Chapman, Robert E. CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.6028/NIST.SP.1197 PB - National Institute of Standards and Technology PY - 2015 SN - NIST Special Publication 1197 SP - 52 ST - Community Resilience Economic Decision Guide for Buildings and Infrastructure Systems TI - Community Resilience Economic Decision Guide for Buildings and Infrastructure Systems ID - 25296 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat illness during practice or competition is a leading cause of death and disability among U.S. high school athletes. An estimated 7.5 million students participate in high school sports annually. To examine the incidence and characteristics of heat illness among high school athletes, CDC analyzed data from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study for the period 2005-2009, which includes the 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09 school years. During 2005-2009, the 100 schools sampled reported a total of 118 heat illnesses among high school athletes resulting in >or=1 days of time lost from athletic activity (i.e., time-loss heat illness), a rate of 1.6 per 100,000 athlete-exposures and an average of 29.5 time-loss heat illnesses per school year. The average corresponds to a weighted average annual estimate of 9,237 illnesses nationwide. The highest rate of time-loss heat illness was among football players, 4.5 per 100,000 athlete-exposures, a rate 10 times higher than the average rate (0.4) for the eight other sports. Time-loss heat illnesses occurred most frequently during August (66.3%) and while practicing or playing football (70.7%). No deaths were reported. Consistent with guidelines from the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA), to reduce the risk for heat illness, high school athletic programs should implement heat-acclimatization guidelines (e.g., set limits on summer practice duration and intensity). All athletes, coaches, athletic trainers, and parents/guardians should be aware of the risk factors for heat illness, follow recommended strategies, and be prepared to respond quickly to symptoms of illness. Coaches also should continue to stress to their athletes the importance of maintaining proper hydration before, during, and after sports activities. AN - 20724966 AU - Gilchrist, J. AU - Haileyesus, T. AU - Murphy, M. AU - Comstock, R.D. AU - Collins, C. AU - McIlvain, N. AU - Yard, E. DA - Aug 20 IS - 32 KW - Absenteeism Acclimatization Athletes/*statistics & numerical data Dehydration/epidemiology Female Guidelines as Topic Heat Stress Disorders/*epidemiology Hot Temperature Humans Incidence Male *Population Surveillance *Sports Students/*statistics & numerical data United States/epidemiology N1 - Ch9 PY - 2010 SN - 1545-861X (Electronic) 0149-2195 (Linking) SP - 1009-1013 ST - Heat illness among high school athletes—United States, 2005–2009 T2 - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report TI - Heat illness among high school athletes—United States, 2005–2009 UR - http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5932a1.htm VL - 59 ID - 16391 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Giles-Corti, Billie AU - Vernez-Moudon, Anne AU - Reis, Rodrigo AU - Turrell, Gavin AU - Dannenberg, Andrew L. AU - Badland, Hannah AU - Foster, Sarah AU - Lowe, Melanie AU - Sallis, James F. AU - Stevenson, Mark AU - Owen, Neville DA - 2016/12/10/ DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30066-6 IS - 10062 PY - 2016 SN - 0140-6736 SP - 2912-2924 ST - City planning and population health: A global challenge T2 - The Lancet TI - City planning and population health: A global challenge VL - 388 ID - 25293 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gilg, Olivier AU - Sittler, BenoÎT AU - Hanski, Ilkka DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01927.x IS - 11 KW - Alopex lagopus Arctic community climate change cyclic dynamics Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Greenland Mustela erminea Nyctea scandiaca predator–prey interaction Stercorarius longicaudus PY - 2009 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2634-2652 ST - Climate change and cyclic predator–prey population dynamics in the high Arctic T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Climate change and cyclic predator–prey population dynamics in the high Arctic VL - 15 ID - 24862 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background and Aims Many individual studies have shown that the timing of leaf senescence in boreal and temperate deciduous forests in the northern hemisphere is influenced by rising temperatures, but there is limited consensus on the magnitude, direction and spatial extent of this relationship.Methods A meta-analysis was conducted of published studies from the peer-reviewed literature that reported autumn senescence dates for deciduous trees in the northern hemisphere, encompassing 64 publications with observations ranging from 1931 to 2010.Key Results Among the meteorological measurements examined, October temperatures were the strongest predictors of date of senescence, followed by cooling degree-days, latitude, photoperiod and, lastly, total monthly precipitation, although the strength of the relationships differed between high- and low-latitude sites. Autumn leaf senescence has been significantly more delayed at low (25° to 49°N) than high (50° to 70°N) latitudes across the northern hemisphere, with senescence across high-latitude sites more sensitive to the effects of photoperiod and low-latitude sites more sensitive to the effects of temperature. Delays in leaf senescence over time were stronger in North America compared with Europe and Asia.Conclusions The results indicate that leaf senescence has been delayed over time and in response to temperature, although low-latitude sites show significantly stronger delays in senescence over time than high-latitude sites. While temperature alone may be a reasonable predictor of the date of leaf senescence when examining a broad suite of sites, it is important to consider that temperature-induced changes in senescence at high-latitude sites are likely to be constrained by the influence of photoperiod. Ecosystem-level differences in the mechanisms that control the timing of leaf senescence may affect both plant community interactions and ecosystem carbon storage as global temperatures increase over the next century. AU - Gill, Allison L. AU - Gallinat, Amanda S. AU - Sanders-DeMott, Rebecca AU - Rigden, Angela J. AU - Short Gianotti, Daniel J. AU - Mantooth, Joshua A. AU - Templer, Pamela H. DO - 10.1093/aob/mcv055 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SN - 0305-7364 SP - 875-888 ST - Changes in autumn senescence in northern hemisphere deciduous trees: A meta-analysis of autumn phenology studies T2 - Annals of Botany TI - Changes in autumn senescence in northern hemisphere deciduous trees: A meta-analysis of autumn phenology studies VL - 116 ID - 26188 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The urban environment has distinctive biophysical features in relation to surrounding rural areas. These include an altered energy exchange creating an urban heat island, and changes to hydrology such as increased surface runoff of rainwater. Such changes are, in part, a result of the altered surface cover of the urban area. For example less vegetated surfaces lead to a decrease in evaporative cooling, whilst an increase in surface sealing results in increased surface runoff. Climate change will amplify these distinctive features. This paper explores the important role that the green infrastructure, i.e. the greenspace network, of a city can play in adapting for climate change. It uses the conurbation of Greater Manchester as a case study site. The paper presents output from energy exchange and hydrological models showing surface temperature and surface runoff in relation to the green infrastructure under current and future climate scenarios. The implications for an adaptation strategy to climate change in the urban environment are discussed. AU - Gill, S. E. AU - Handley, J. F. AU - Ennos, A. R. AU - Pauleit, S. DA - // DO - 10.2148/benv.33.1.115 IS - 1 PY - 2007 SP - 115-133 ST - Adapting cities for climate change: The role of the green infrastructure T2 - Built Environment TI - Adapting cities for climate change: The role of the green infrastructure VL - 33 ID - 24319 ER - TY - MULTI AU - Gillespie, Patrick AU - Romo, Rafael AU - Santana, Maria PB - CNN PY - 2017 ST - Puerto Rico aid is trapped in thousands of shipping containers TI - Puerto Rico aid is trapped in thousands of shipping containers UR - https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/us/puerto-rico-aid-problem/index.html ID - 26027 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gillett, Robert AU - McCoy, Mike AU - Rodwell, Len AU - Tamate, Josie CY - Manila, Philippines N1 - ISBN: 971-561-335-7 PB - Asian Development Bank PY - 2001 RP - ISBN: 971-561-335-7 SP - 95 ST - Tuna: A Key Economic Resource in the Pacific Islands TI - Tuna: A Key Economic Resource in the Pacific Islands UR - https://www.adb.org/publications/tuna-key-economic-resource-pacific ID - 25871 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Long-term declines in oxygen concentrations are evident throughout much of the ocean interior and are particularly acute in midwater oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). These regions are defined by extremely low oxygen concentrations (<20–45 μmol kg−1), cover wide expanses of the ocean, and are associated with productive oceanic and coastal regions. OMZs have expanded over the past 50 years, and this expansion is predicted to continue as the climate warms worldwide. Shoaling of the upper boundaries of the OMZs accompanies OMZ expansion, and decreased oxygen at shallower depths can affect all marine organisms through multiple direct and indirect mechanisms. Effects include altered microbial processes that produce and consume key nutrients and gases, changes in predator-prey dynamics, and shifts in the abundance and accessibility of commercially fished species. Although many species will be negatively affected by these effects, others may expand their range or exploit new niches. OMZ shoaling is thus likely to have major and far-reaching consequences. AU - Gilly, William F. AU - Beman, J. Michael AU - Litvin, Steven Y. AU - Robison, Bruce H. DO - 10.1146/annurev-marine-120710-100849 IS - 1 KW - hypoxia,ecology,oceans,microbial,mesopelagic,fisheries PY - 2013 SP - 393-420 ST - Oceanographic and biological effects of shoaling of the oxygen minimum zone T2 - Annual Review of Marine Science TI - Oceanographic and biological effects of shoaling of the oxygen minimum zone VL - 5 ID - 23768 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We predict the decadal change in position of three American Samoa mangroves from analysis of a time series of remotely sensed imagery, a geographic information system, tide gauge data, and projections for change in sea-level relative to the mangrove surface. Accurate predictions of changes to coastal ecosystem boundaries, including in response to projected relative sea-level rise, enable advanced planning to minimize and offset anticipated losses and minimize social disruption and cost of reducing threats to coastal development and human safety. The observed mean landward migration of three mangroves' seaward margins over four decades was 25, 64, and 72mma−1, 12 to 37 times the observed relative sea-level rise rate. Two of the sites had clear trends in reductions in mangrove area, where there was a highly significant correlation between the change in position of the seaward mangrove margin and change in relative sea-level. Here it can be inferred that the force of sea-level rise relative to the mangrove surface is causing landward migration. Shoreline movement was variable at a third site and not significantly correlated with changing sea-level, where it is likely that forces other than change in relative sea-level are predominant. Currently, 16.5%, 23.4%, and 68.0% of the three mangroves' landward margins are obstructed by coastal development from natural landward migration. The three mangroves could experience as high as a 50.0% reduction in area by the year 2100. A 12% reduction in mangrove area by the year 2100 is possible in the Pacific islands region. AU - Gilman, Eric AU - Ellison, Joanna AU - Coleman, Richard DA - 2006/12/14/ DO - 10.1007/s10661-006-9212-y DP - link.springer.com IS - 1-3 KW - sea-level rise Mangrove terrestrial ecosystems American Samoa coastal Ecology Environmental Management Wetland erosion Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Monitoring/Environmental Analysis/Environmental Ecotoxicology LA - en PY - 2006 SN - 0167-6369, 1573-2959 SP - 105-130 ST - Assessment of mangrove response to projected relative sea-level rise and recent historical reconstruction of shoreline position T2 - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment TI - Assessment of mangrove response to projected relative sea-level rise and recent historical reconstruction of shoreline position VL - 124 Y2 - 2016/08/11/03:27:33 ID - 22436 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gilman, E. L. AU - Ellison, J. AU - Duke, N. C. AU - Field, C. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.12.009 IS - 2 PY - 2008 SN - 0304-3770 SP - 237-250 ST - Threats to mangroves from climate change and adaptation options: A review T2 - Aquatic Botany TI - Threats to mangroves from climate change and adaptation options: A review VL - 89 ID - 13544 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gilroy, Kristin AU - Jeuken, Ad DA - 2018/05/02/ DO - 10.1016/j.cliser.2018.04.002 KW - Climate change adaptation Water resources planning Decision support tool Integrated water resources management Climate vulnerability assessment PY - 2018 SN - 2405-8807 ST - Collaborative risk informed decision analysis: A water security case study in the Philippines T2 - Climate Services TI - Collaborative risk informed decision analysis: A water security case study in the Philippines ID - 26098 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gingerich, Stephen B. AU - Keener, Victoria AU - Finucane, Melissa L. CY - Honolulu, HI DA - 2015 PB - East-West Center and USGS PY - 2015 SP - 2 ST - Climate Trends and Projections for Guam TI - Climate Trends and Projections for Guam UR - http://www.pacificrisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Pacific-RISA-Guam-flyer.pdf ID - 22437 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An unprecedented set of hydrologic observations was collected after the Dec 2008 seawater-flooding event on Roi-Namur, Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. By two days after the seawater flooding that occurred at the beginning of dry season, the observed salinity of water withdrawn by the island’s main skimming well increased to 100% seawater concentration, but by ten days later already decreased to only 10–20% of seawater fraction. However, the damaging impact on the potability of the groundwater supply (when pumped water had concentrations above 1% seawater fraction) lasted 22 months longer. The data collected make possible analyses of the hydrologic factors that control recovery and management of the groundwater-supply quality on Roi-Namur and on similar low-lying islands.With the observed data as a guide, three-dimensional numerical-model simulation analyses reveal how recovery is controlled by the island’s hydrology. These also allow evaluation of the efficacy of basic water-quality management/mitigation alternatives and elucidate how groundwater withdrawal and timing of the seawater-flooding event affect the length of recovery. Simulations show that, as might be expected, by adding surplus captured rainwater as artificial recharge, the freshwater-lens recovery period (after which potable groundwater may again be produced) can be shortened, with groundwater salinity remaining lower even during the dry season, a period during which no artificial recharge is applied. Simulations also show that the recovery period is not lengthened appreciably by groundwater withdrawals during recovery. Simulations further show that had the flooding event occurred at the start of the wet season, the recovery period would have been about 25% (5.5 months) shorter than actually occurred during the monitored flood that occurred at the dry-season start. Finally, analyses show that artificial recharge improves freshwater-lens water quality, making possible longer use of groundwater as a water supply throughout each year, even when no seawater flooding has occurred. AU - Gingerich, Stephen B. AU - Voss, Clifford I. AU - Johnson, Adam G. DA - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.03.001 DP - pubs.er.usgs.gov PY - 2017 SP - 676688 ST - Seawater-flooding events and impact on freshwater lenses of low-lying islands: Controlling factors, basic management and mitigation T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Seawater-flooding events and impact on freshwater lenses of low-lying islands: Controlling factors, basic management and mitigation VL - 551 ID - 22438 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Giordano, Thierry DA - 2012/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jup.2012.07.001 KW - Infrastructure Climate change Planning Uncertainties PY - 2012 SN - 0957-1787 SP - 80-89 ST - Adaptive planning for climate resilient long-lived infrastructures T2 - Utilities Policy TI - Adaptive planning for climate resilient long-lived infrastructures VL - 23 ID - 21438 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Sejian, Veerasamy A2 - Gaughan, John A2 - Baumgard, Lance A2 - Prasad, Cadaba AB - Climate change has the potential to impact the quantity and reliability of forage production, quality of forage, water demand for cultivation of forage crops, as well as large-scale rangeland vegetation patterns. The most visible effect of climate change will be on the primary productivity of forage crops and rangelands. Developing countries are more vulnerable to climate change than developed countries because of the predominance of agriculture in their economies and their warmer baseline climates, besides their limited resources to adapt to newer technologies. In the coming decades, crops and forage plants will continue to be subjected to warmer temperatures, elevated carbon dioxide, as well as wildly fluctuating water availability due to changing precipitation patterns. The interplay among these factors will decide the actual impact on plant growth and yield. Elevated CO2 levels are likely to promote dry matter production in C3 plants more as compared to C4 plants, and the quantum of response is dependent on the interactions among the nature of crop, soil moisture, and soil nutrient availability. Due to the wide fluctuations in distribution of rainfall in growing season in several regions of the world, the forage production will be greatly impacted. As the agricultural sector is the largest user of freshwater resources, the dwindling water supplies will adversely affect the forage crop production. With proper adaptation measures ably supported by suitable policies by the governments, it is possible to minimize the adverse impacts of climate change and ensure livestock productivity through optimum forage availability. AU - Giridhar, Kandalam AU - Samireddypalle, Anandan C4 - 676460b0-0aba-4f86-9de6-7a5c2ec510ce CY - New Delhi DO - 10.1007/978-81-322-2265-1_7 PB - Springer India PY - 2015 SN - 978-81-322-2265-1 SP - 97-112 ST - Impact of climate change on forage availability for livestock T2 - Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation TI - Impact of climate change on forage availability for livestock ID - 23523 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Girvetz, Evan H. AU - Maurer, Edwin P. AU - Duffy, Philip B. AU - Ruesch, Aaron AU - Thrasher, Bridget AU - Zganjar, Chris CY - Washington, DC PB - World Bank PY - 2013 SP - 43 ST - Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making: The Important Details of Spatial and Temporal Downscaling TI - Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making: The Important Details of Spatial and Temporal Downscaling UR - https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=ceng ID - 25635 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gittman, Rachel K. AU - Popowich, Alyssa M. AU - Bruno, John F. AU - Peterson, Charles H. DA - 2014/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.09.016 IS - Part A KW - Coastal management Marsh Erosion Estuarine shoreline protection Storm PY - 2014 SN - 0964-5691 SP - 94-102 ST - Marshes with and without sills protect estuarine shorelines from erosion better than bulkheads during a Category 1 hurricane T2 - Ocean & Coastal Management TI - Marshes with and without sills protect estuarine shorelines from erosion better than bulkheads during a Category 1 hurricane VL - 102 ID - 24027 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Water is considered the bloodstream of the biosphere, but its management is one of the most important challenges for human development. In view of the sustainable water management, several approaches have been proposed: Integrated Water Resources Management, Adaptive Management and, more recently, Water–Energy–Food (WEF) Nexus. Considering these approaches, over the last few decades, extensive efforts have been made to develop assessment methods and tools framed within the paradigm of sustainable development. As part of a holistic assessment of water resources, the recent approach based upon the WEF Nexus narrows down the consideration of intersectoral linkages to three dimensions that are of prominent interest, in particular in developing countries. This study presents a comprehensive indicator-based approach for the assessment of water, energy and food securities, with reference to the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. The main ambition of the proposed approach is to provide a tool to monitor progresses, compare different geographical areas, highlight synergies and conflicts amongst and within the three dimensions of the WEF Nexus, and provide support for improved—more effective—management strategies to meet the goals. The proposed approach is demonstrated in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) River Basin in Asia and to the Po River Basin in Europe. The comparative analysis suggests that WEF security is currently rather low in the GBM basin compared to the other case study and other parts of the world and allows the identification of which dimensions (indicators) require special attention on the part of local and global policy makers. AU - Giupponi, Carlo AU - Gain, Animesh Kumar DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s10113-016-0998-z IS - 7 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1436-378X SP - 1881-1893 ST - Integrated spatial assessment of the water, energy and food dimensions of the Sustainable Development Goals T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - Integrated spatial assessment of the water, energy and food dimensions of the Sustainable Development Goals VL - 17 ID - 23251 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Glantz, Michael H. AU - Gommes, René AU - Ramasamy, Selvaraju CY - Rome NV - FAO Environment And Natural Resources Series 15 PB - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) PY - 2009 SP - 100 ST - Coping with a Changing Climate: Considerations for Adaptation and Mitigation in Agriculture TI - Coping with a Changing Climate: Considerations for Adaptation and Mitigation in Agriculture UR - http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1315e/i1315e00.htm ID - 23615 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Glaser, Lewrene AU - Kassel, Kathleen AU - Morrison, Rosanna Mentzer C4 - 1d0fff95-e9dc-4f82-baa9-a20dede574ec CY - Washington, DC IS - December PB - USDA Economic Research Service PY - 2013 ST - A visual primer for the food and agricultural sectors T2 - Amber Waves TI - A visual primer for the food and agricultural sectors UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2013/december/a-visual-primer-for-the-food-and-agricultural-sectors/ ID - 23614 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gleason, Jessie A. AU - Bielory, Leonard AU - Fagliano, Jerald A. DA - 2014/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.035 KW - Asthma Pollen Case-crossover Ozone PM PY - 2014 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 421-429 ST - Associations between ozone, PM2.5, and four pollen types on emergency department pediatric asthma events during the warm season in New Jersey: A case-crossover study T2 - Environmental Research TI - Associations between ozone, PM2.5, and four pollen types on emergency department pediatric asthma events during the warm season in New Jersey: A case-crossover study VL - 132 ID - 24263 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gleason, Kelly E. AU - Nolin, Anne W. DO - 10.1002/hyp.10897 IS - 21 KW - snow albedo forest fire snowmelt snowpack energy balance snowpack radiative forcing snow ablation PY - 2016 SN - 1099-1085 SP - 3855-3870 ST - Charred forests accelerate snow albedo decay: Parameterizing the post-fire radiative forcing on snow for three years following fire T2 - Hydrological Processes TI - Charred forests accelerate snow albedo decay: Parameterizing the post-fire radiative forcing on snow for three years following fire VL - 30 ID - 21996 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Implementation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) has resulted in the restoration of >2 million ha of wetland and grassland habitats in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR). Restoration of habitats through these programs provides diverse ecosystem services to society, but few investigators have evaluated the environmental benefits achieved by these programs. We describe changes in wetland processes, functions, and ecosystem services that occur when wetlands and adjacent uplands on agricultural lands are restored through Farm Bill conservation programs. At the scale of wetland catchments, projects have had positive impacts on water storage, reduction in sedimentation and nutrient loading, plant biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and wildlife habitat. However, lack of information on the geographic location of restored catchments relative to landscape-level factors (e.g., watershed, proximity to rivers and lakes) limits interpretation of ecosystem services that operate at multiple scales such as floodwater retention, water quality improvement, and wildlife habitat suitability. Considerable opportunity exists for the USDA to incorporate important landscape factors to better target conservation practices and programs to optimize diverse ecosystem services. Restoration of hydrologic processes within wetlands (e.g., hydroperiod, water level dynamics) also requires a better understanding of the influence of conservation cover composition and structure, and management practices that occur in uplands surrounding wetlands. Although conservation programs have enhanced delivery of ecosystem services in the PPR, the use of programs to provide long-term critical ecosystem services is uncertain because when contracts (especially CRP) expire, economic incentives may favor conversion of land to crop production, rather than reenrollment. As demands for agricultural products (food, fiber, biofuel) increase, Farm Bill conservation programs will become increasingly important to ensure provisioning of ecosystem services to society, especially in agriculturally dominated landscapes. Thus, continued development and support for conservation programs legislated through the Farm Bill will require a more comprehensive understanding of wetland ecological services to better evaluate program achievements relative to conservation goals. AU - Gleason, R. A. AU - Euliss, N. H. AU - Tangen, B. A. AU - Laubhan, M. K. AU - Browne, B. A. DO - 10.1890/09-0216.1 IS - sp1 PY - 2011 SP - S65-S81 ST - USDA conservation program and practice effects on wetland ecosystem services in the Prairie Pothole Region T2 - Ecological Applications TI - USDA conservation program and practice effects on wetland ecosystem services in the Prairie Pothole Region VL - 21 ID - 25935 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gleckler, Peter J. AU - Durack, Paul J. AU - Stouffer, Ronald J. AU - Johnson, Gregory C. AU - Forest, Chris E. DA - 04//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2915 IS - 4 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 394-398 ST - Industrial-era global ocean heat uptake doubles in recent decades T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Industrial-era global ocean heat uptake doubles in recent decades VL - 6 ID - 19922 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gledhill, Dwight K. AU - Wanninkhof, Rik AU - Millero, Frank J. AU - Eakin, Mark DO - 10.1029/2007JC004629 IS - C10 KW - Ocean acidification carbonate chemistry coral reef 1615 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 1635 Oceans 1640 Remote sensing 4215 Climate and interannual variability 4220 Coral reef systems PY - 2008 SN - 2156-2202 SP - C10031 ST - Ocean acidification of the Greater Caribbean Region 1996–2006 T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans TI - Ocean acidification of the Greater Caribbean Region 1996–2006 VL - 113 ID - 25049 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gledhill, D.K. AU - White, M.M. AU - Salisbury, J. AU - Thomas, H. AU - Mlsna, I. AU - Liebman, M. AU - Mook, B. AU - Grear, J. AU - Candelmo, A.C. AU - Chambers, R.C. AU - Gobler, C.J. AU - Hunt, C.W. AU - King, A.L. AU - Price, N.N. AU - Signorini, S.R. AU - Stancioff, E. AU - Stymiest, C. AU - Wahle, R.A. AU - Waller, J.D. AU - Rebuck, N.D. AU - Wang, Z.A. AU - Capson, T.L. AU - Morrison, J.R. AU - Cooley, S.R. AU - Doney, S.C. DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2015.41 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SP - 182-197 ST - Ocean and coastal acidification off New England and Nova Scotia T2 - Oceanography TI - Ocean and coastal acidification off New England and Nova Scotia VL - 28 ID - 20132 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Until recently, most writings on the relationship between climate change and security were highly speculative. The IPCC assessment reports to date offer little if any guidance on this issue and occasionally pay excessive attention to questionable sources. The articles published in this special issue form the largest collection of peer-reviewed writings on the topic to date. The number of such studies remains small compared to those that make up the natural science base of the climate issue, and there is some confusion whether it is the effect of ‘climate’ or ‘weather’ that is being tested. The results of the studies vary, and firm conclusions cannot always be drawn. Nevertheless, research in this area has made considerable progress. More attention is being paid to the specific causal mechanisms linking climate change to conflict, such as changes in rainfall and temperature, natural disasters, and economic growth. Systematic climate data are used in most of the articles and climate projections in some. Several studies are going beyond state-based conflict to look at possible implications for other kinds of violence, such as intercommunal conflict. Overall, the research reported here offers only limited support for viewing climate change as an important influence on armed conflict. However, framing the climate issue as a security problem could possibly influence the perceptions of the actors and contribute to a self-fulfilling prophecy. AU - Gleditsch, Nils Petter DO - 10.1177/0022343311431288 IS - 1 KW - armed conflict,climate change,security,war PY - 2012 SP - 3-9 ST - Whither the weather? Climate change and conflict T2 - Journal of Peace Research TI - Whither the weather? Climate change and conflict VL - 49 ID - 22075 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gleditsch, Nils Petter AU - Salehyan, Idean AU - Nordas, Ragnhild CY - New York, NY NV - Coping with Crisis Working Paper Series PB - International Peace Academy PY - 2007 SP - 13 ST - Climate Change and Conflict: The Migration Link TI - Climate Change and Conflict: The Migration Link UR - https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/cwc_working_paper_climate_change.pdf ID - 22146 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The devastating civil war that began in Syria in March 2011 is the result of complex interrelated factors. The focus of the conflict is regime change, but the triggers include a broad set of religious and sociopolitical factors, the erosion of the economic health of the country, a wave of political reform sweeping over the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Levant region, and challenges associated with climate variability and change and the availability and use of freshwater. As described here, water and climatic conditions have played a direct role in the deterioration of Syria’s economic conditions. There is a long history of conflicts over water in these regions because of the natural water scarcity, the early development of irrigated agriculture, and complex religious and ethnic diversity. In recent years, there has been an increase in incidences of water-related violence around the world at the subnational level attributable to the role that water plays in development disputes and economic activities. Because conflicts are rarely, if ever, attributable to single causes, conflict analysis and concomitant efforts at reducing the risks of conflict must consider a multitude of complex relationships and contributing factors. This paper assesses the complicated connections between water and conflict in Syria, looks more broadly at future climate-related risks for water systems, and offers some water management strategies for reducing those risks. AU - Gleick, Peter H. DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-13-00059.1 IS - 3 KW - Anthropogenic effects,Climate change,Hydrology,Agriculture,Risk assessment,Societal impacts PY - 2014 SP - 331-340 ST - Water, drought, climate change, and conflict in Syria T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Water, drought, climate change, and conflict in Syria VL - 6 ID - 25761 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gleick, Peter H. CY - Oakland, CA N1 - ISBN: 978-1-893790-71-1 PB - Pacific Institute PY - 2016 RP - ISBN: 978-1-893790-71-1 SP - 9 ST - Impacts of California’s Ongoing Drought: Hydroelectricity Generation 2015 Update TI - Impacts of California’s Ongoing Drought: Hydroelectricity Generation 2015 Update UR - http://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Impacts-Californias-Ongoing-Drought-Hydroelectricity-Generation-2015-Update.pdf ID - 21437 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Freshwater resources are fundamental for maintaining human health, agricultural production, economic activity as well as critical ecosystem functions. As populations and economies grow, new constraints on water resources are appearing, raising questions about limits to water availability. Such resource questions are not new. The specter of “peak oil”—a peaking and then decline in oil production—has long been predicted and debated. We present here a detailed assessment and definition of three concepts of “peak water”: peak renewable water, peak nonrenewable water, and peak ecological water. These concepts can help hydrologists, water managers, policy makers, and the public understand and manage different water systems more effectively and sustainably. Peak renewable water applies where flow constraints limit total water availability over time. Peak nonrenewable water is observable in groundwater systems where production rates substantially exceed natural recharge rates and where overpumping or contamination leads to a peak of production followed by a decline, similar to more traditional peak-oil curves. Peak “ecological” water is defined as the point beyond which the total costs of ecological disruptions and damages exceed the total value provided by human use of that water. Despite uncertainties in quantifying many of these costs and benefits in consistent ways, more and more watersheds appear to have already passed the point of peak water. Applying these concepts can help shift the way freshwater resources are managed toward more productive, equitable, efficient, and sustainable use. AU - Gleick, Peter H. AU - Palaniappan, Meena DA - June 22, 2010 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1004812107 IS - 25 PY - 2010 SP - 11155-11162 ST - Peak water limits to freshwater withdrawal and use T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Peak water limits to freshwater withdrawal and use VL - 107 ID - 21436 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Glenn, Stephanie CY - Houston, TX M1 - November 6 PB - HARC (Houston Advanced Research Center) PY - 2017 ST - Summarizing Hurricane Harvey’s Environmental Impacts in the Houston-Galveston Region T2 - HARC: Our Blog TI - Summarizing Hurricane Harvey’s Environmental Impacts in the Houston-Galveston Region UR - http://www.harcresearch.org/feature/Summarizing_Hurricane_Harvey_Environmental_Impacts_Houston-Galveston_Region ID - 25297 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Glibert, Patricia M. AU - Icarus Allen, J. AU - Artioli, Yuri AU - Beusen, Arthur AU - Bouwman, Lex AU - Harle, James AU - Holmes, Robert AU - Holt, Jason DO - 10.1111/gcb.12662 IS - 12 KW - GCOMS-POLCOMS-ERSIM model IPCC scenarios Karenia spp nutrient stoichiometry Prorocentrum spp PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 3845-3858 ST - Vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to changes in harmful algal bloom distribution in response to climate change: Projections based on model analysis T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to changes in harmful algal bloom distribution in response to climate change: Projections based on model analysis VL - 20 ID - 24063 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Glick, P. AU - Stein, B.A. AU - Edelson, N.A. C4 - fdb15eb5-7454-4c42-b331-d9859ea4320e CY - Washington, DC PB - National Wildlife Federation PY - 2011 SN - 978-0-615-40233-8 SP - 176 ST - Scanning the Conservation Horizon: A Guide to Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment TI - Scanning the Conservation Horizon: A Guide to Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment ID - 13548 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GNEB CY - Washington, DC PB - Good Neighbor Environmental Board PY - 2016 SN - EPA 202-R-16-001 SP - 90 ST - Climate Change and Resilient Communities Along the U.S.-Mexico Border: The Role of Federal Agencies TI - Climate Change and Resilient Communities Along the U.S.-Mexico Border: The Role of Federal Agencies UR - https://irsc.sdsu.edu/docs/17th_gneb_report_publication_120516_final_508.pdf ID - 26158 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent efforts to influence the efficiency and timing of urban indoor water use through education, technology, conservation, reuse, economic incentives, and regulatory mechanisms have enabled many North American cities to accommodate population growth and buffer impacts of drought. It is unlikely that this approach will be equally successful into the future because the source of conservation will shift from indoor to outdoor use. Outdoor water is climate sensitive, difficult to measure, hard to predict, linked to other components of complex and dynamic urban resource systems, imbued with behavioral and cultural dimensions, and implicated in societal conflicts about climate risk, modern lifestyles, social justice, and future growth. Outdoor water conservation is not a traditional management problem focused on the water sector, assuming a stationary climate, and set aside from public debate. Instead, outdoor water is an adaptation problem, involving complex and uncertain system dynamics, the need for cross-sector coordination, strategies for dealing with climatic uncertainty, and mechanisms for engaging stakeholders with differing goals. This paper makes the case for treating outdoor water as an adaptation problem and offers a six-point strategy for how cities can better prepare their water systems for the uncertainties of climate and societal change. AU - Gober, P. AU - Quay, R. AU - Larson, K. L. DA - Feb DO - 10.1007/s11269-015-1205-6 IS - 3 KW - urban water climate change Adaptation PY - 2016 SN - 0920-4741 SP - 899-912 ST - Outdoor water use as an adaptation problem: Insights from North American cities T2 - Water Resources Management TI - Outdoor water use as an adaptation problem: Insights from North American cities VL - 30 ID - 22735 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is increasing recognition that low dissolved oxygen (DO) and low pH conditions co-occur in many coastal and open ocean environments. Within temperate ecosystems, these conditions not only develop seasonally as temperatures rise and metabolic rates accelerate, but can also display strong diurnal variability, especially in shallow systems where photosynthetic rates ameliorate hypoxia and acidification by day. Despite the widespread, global co-occurrence of low pH and low DO and the likelihood that these conditions may negatively impact marine life, very few studies have actually assessed the extent to which the combination of both stressors elicits additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects in marine organisms. We review the evidence from published factorial experiments that used static and/or fluctuating pH and DO levels to examine different traits (e.g. survival, growth, metabolism), life stages and species across a broad taxonomic spectrum. Additive negative effects of combined low pH and low DO appear to be most common; however, synergistic negative effects have also been observed. Neither the occurrence nor the strength of these synergistic impacts is currently predictable, and therefore, the true threat of concurrent acidification and hypoxia to marine food webs and fisheries is still not fully understood. Addressing this knowledge gap will require an expansion of multi-stressor approaches in experimental and field studies, and the development of a predictive framework. In consideration of marine policy, we note that DO criteria in coastal waters have been developed without consideration of concurrent pH levels. Given the persistence of concurrent low pH–low DO conditions in estuaries and the increased mortality experienced by fish and bivalves under concurrent acidification and hypoxia compared with hypoxia alone, we conclude that such DO criteria may leave coastal fisheries more vulnerable to population reductions than previously anticipated. AU - Gobler, Christopher J. AU - Baumann, Hannes DO - 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0976 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SP - 20150976 ST - Hypoxia and acidification in ocean ecosystems: Coupled dynamics and effects on marine life T2 - Biology Letters TI - Hypoxia and acidification in ocean ecosystems: Coupled dynamics and effects on marine life VL - 12 ID - 26066 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global ocean temperatures are rising, yet the impacts of such changes on harmful algal blooms (HABs) are not fully understood. Here we used high-resolution sea-surface temperature records (1982 to 2016) and temperature-dependent growth rates of two algae that produce potent biotoxins, Alexandrium fundyense and Dinophysis acuminata, to evaluate recent changes in these HABs. For both species, potential mean annual growth rates and duration of bloom seasons significantly increased within many coastal Atlantic regions between 40°N and 60°N, where incidents of these HABs have emerged and expanded in recent decades. Widespread trends were less evident across the North Pacific, although regions were identified across the Salish Sea and along the Alaskan coastline where blooms have recently emerged, and there have been significant increases in the potential growth rates and duration of these HAB events. We conclude that increasing ocean temperature is an important factor facilitating the intensification of these, and likely other, HABs and thus contributes to an expanding human health threat. AU - Gobler, Christopher J. AU - Doherty, Owen M. AU - Hattenrath-Lehmann, Theresa K. AU - Griffith, Andrew W. AU - Kang, Yoonja AU - Litaker, R. Wayne DA - May 9, 2017 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1619575114 IS - 19 PY - 2017 SP - 4975-4980 ST - Ocean warming since 1982 has expanded the niche of toxic algal blooms in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Ocean warming since 1982 has expanded the niche of toxic algal blooms in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans VL - 114 ID - 21822 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During the second week of September 2013, a seasonally uncharacteristic weather pattern stalled over the Rocky Mountain Front Range region of northern Colorado bringing with it copious amounts of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. This feed of moisture was funneled toward the east-facing mountain slopes through a series of mesoscale circulation features, resulting in several days of unusually widespread heavy rainfall over steep mountainous terrain. Catastrophic flooding ensued within several Front Range river systems that washed away highways, destroyed towns, isolated communities, necessitated days of airborne evacuations, and resulted in eight fatalities. The impacts from heavy rainfall and flooding were felt over a broad region of northern Colorado leading to 18 counties being designated as federal disaster areas and resulting in damages exceeding $2 billion (U.S. dollars). This study explores the meteorological and hydrological ingredients that led to this extreme event. After providing a basic timeline of events, synoptic and mesoscale circulation features of the event are discussed. Particular focus is placed on documenting how circulation features, embedded within the larger synoptic flow, served to funnel moist inflow into the mountain front driving several days of sustained orographic precipitation. Operational and research networks of polarimetric radar and surface instrumentation were used to evaluate the cloud structures and dominant hydrometeor characteristics. The performance of several quantitative precipitation estimates, quantitative precipitation forecasts, and hydrological forecast products are also analyzed with the intention of identifying what monitoring and prediction tools worked and where further improvements are needed. AU - Gochis, David AU - Schumacher, Russ AU - Friedrich, Katja AU - Doesken, Nolan AU - Kelsch, Matt AU - Sun, Juanzhen AU - Ikeda, Kyoko AU - Lindsey, Daniel AU - Wood, Andy AU - Dolan, Brenda AU - Matrosov, Sergey AU - Newman, Andrew AU - Mahoney, Kelly AU - Rutledge, Steven AU - Johnson, Richard AU - Kucera, Paul AU - Kennedy, Pat AU - Sempere-Torres, Daniel AU - Steiner, Matthias AU - Roberts, Rita AU - Wilson, Jim AU - Yu, Wei AU - Chandrasekar, V. AU - Rasmussen, Roy AU - Anderson, Amanda AU - Brown, Barbara DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00241.1 IS - 9 PY - 2015 SP - 1461-1487 ST - The Great Colorado Flood of September 2013 T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - The Great Colorado Flood of September 2013 VL - 96 (12) ID - 19712 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Goddard, Paul B. AU - Yin, Jianjun AU - Griffies, Stephen M. AU - Zhang, Shaoqing DA - 02/24/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms7346 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SP - 6346 ST - An extreme event of sea-level rise along the Northeast coast of North America in 2009–2010 T2 - Nature Communications TI - An extreme event of sea-level rise along the Northeast coast of North America in 2009–2010 VL - 6 ID - 19923 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Continuing population and consumption growth will mean that the global demand for food will increase for at least another 40 years. Growing competition for land, water, and energy, in addition to the overexploitation of fisheries, will affect our ability to produce food, as will the urgent requirement to reduce the impact of the food system on the environment. The effects of climate change are a further threat. But the world can produce more food and can ensure that it is used more efficiently and equitably. A multifaceted and linked global strategy is needed to ensure sustainable and equitable food security, different components of which are explored here.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/327/5967/812.full.pdf AU - Godfray, H. Charles J. AU - Beddington, John R. AU - Crute, Ian R. AU - Haddad, Lawrence AU - Lawrence, David AU - Muir, James F. AU - Pretty, Jules AU - Robinson, Sherman AU - Thomas, Sandy M. AU - Toulmin, Camilla DO - 10.1126/science.1185383 IS - 5967 PY - 2010 SP - 812-818 ST - Food security: The challenge of feeding 9 billion people T2 - Science TI - Food security: The challenge of feeding 9 billion people VL - 327 ID - 23250 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat waves kill more people in the United States than hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, and floods combined. Recently, international attention focused on the linkages and impacts of human health vulnerability to urban climate when Western Europe experienced over 30,000 excess deaths during the heat waves of the summer of 2003—surpassing the 1995 heat wave in Chicago, Illinois, that killed 739. While Europe dealt with heat waves, in the United States, Phoenix, Arizona, established a new all-time high minimum temperature for the region on July 15, 2003. The low temperature of 35.5°C (96°F) was recorded, breaking the previous all-time high minimum temperature record of 33.8°C (93°F). While an extensive literature on heat-related mortality exists, greater understanding of influences of heat-related morbidity is required due to climate change and rapid urbanization influences. We undertook an analysis of 6 years (2001–2006) of heat-related dispatches through the Phoenix Fire Department regional dispatch center to examine temporal, climatic and other non-spatial influences contributing to high-heat-related medical dispatch events. The findings identified that there were no significant variations in day-of-week dispatch events. The greatest incidence of heat-related medical dispatches occurred between the times of peak solar irradiance and maximum diurnal temperature, and during times of elevated human comfort indices (combined temperature and relative humidity). AU - Golden, Jay S. AU - Hartz, Donna AU - Brazel, Anthony AU - Luber, George AU - Phelan, Patrick DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s00484-007-0142-3 IS - 6 M3 - journal article PY - 2008 SN - 1432-1254 SP - 471-480 ST - A biometeorology study of climate and heat-related morbidity in Phoenix from 2001 to 2006 T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology TI - A biometeorology study of climate and heat-related morbidity in Phoenix from 2001 to 2006 VL - 52 ID - 23769 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Goldner, A. AU - Herold, N. AU - Huber, M. DO - 10.5194/cp-10-523-2014 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SN - 1814-9332 SP - 523-536 ST - The challenge of simulating the warmth of the mid-Miocene climatic optimum in CESM1 T2 - Climate of the Past TI - The challenge of simulating the warmth of the mid-Miocene climatic optimum in CESM1 VL - 10 ID - 20080 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Goldtooth, Tom B. K. DO - 10.1353/wic.2010.0006 IS - 2 PY - 2010 SP - 11-28 ST - The State of Indigenous America Series: Earth Mother, piñons, and apple pie T2 - Wicazo Sa Review TI - The State of Indigenous America Series: Earth Mother, piñons, and apple pie VL - 25 ID - 23770 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Golub, Alexander AU - Lubowski, Ruben AU - Piris-Cabezas, Pedro DA - 2017/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.03.013 KW - Carbon market Climate policy Deforestation Emissions trading Options trading REDD+ Uncertainty PY - 2017 SN - 0921-8009 SP - 90-98 ST - Balancing Risks from Climate Policy Uncertainties: The Role of Options and Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation T2 - Ecological Economics TI - Balancing Risks from Climate Policy Uncertainties: The Role of Options and Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation VL - 138 ID - 25197 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gombos, M. AU - Atkinson, S. AU - Wongbusarakum, Supin CY - Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia PB - Micronesia Conservation Trust PY - 2013 SP - 118 ST - Adapting to a Changing Climate: Guide to Local Early Action Planning (LEAP) and Management Planning TI - Adapting to a Changing Climate: Guide to Local Early Action Planning (LEAP) and Management Planning UR - https://www.weadapt.org/knowledge-base/climate-adaptation-training/adapting-to-a-changing-climate-guide-to-local-early-action-planning-leap-and-management-planning ID - 22439 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gomez, J. Alfredo CY - Washington, DC KW - added by ERG NV - GAO-17-3 PB - Government Accountability Office PY - 2016 SP - 40 ST - Climate Change: Improved Federal Coordination Could Facilitate Use of Forward-Looking Climate Information in Design Standards, Building Codes, and Certifications T2 - Research Report No. GAO-17-3 TI - Climate Change: Improved Federal Coordination Could Facilitate Use of Forward-Looking Climate Information in Design Standards, Building Codes, and Certifications UR - https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-17-3 ID - 22955 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gonzalez, Carmen G. AU - Kaswan, Alice AU - Verchick, Robert AU - Huang, Yee AU - Jamhour, Nowal AU - Bowen, Shawn CY - Washington, DC NV - Center for Progressive Reform White Paper PB - Center for Progressive Reform PY - 2016 SP - 97 ST - Climate Change, Resilience, and Fairness: How Nonstructural Adaptation Can Protect and Empower Socially Vulnerable Communities on the Gulf Coast TI - Climate Change, Resilience, and Fairness: How Nonstructural Adaptation Can Protect and Empower Socially Vulnerable Communities on the Gulf Coast UR - https://works.bepress.com/carmen_gonzalez/42/ ID - 24416 ER - TY - JOUR AU - González, J. E. AU - Georgescu, M. AU - Lemos, M. C. AU - Hosannah, N. AU - Niyogi, D. DO - 10.1029/2017EO071975 PY - 2017 ST - Climate change’s pulse is in Central America and the Caribbean T2 - Eos, Earth & Space Science News TI - Climate change’s pulse is in Central America and the Caribbean VL - 98 ID - 25046 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gonzalez, Patrick AU - Battles, John J. AU - Collins, Brandon M. AU - Robards, Timothy AU - Saah, David S. DA - 2015/07/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.03.040 KW - Carbon Climate change Protected areas Uncertainty Wildfire PY - 2015 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 68-77 ST - Aboveground live carbon stock changes of California wildland ecosystems, 2001–2010 T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Aboveground live carbon stock changes of California wildland ecosystems, 2001–2010 VL - 348 ID - 23771 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Gonzalez, P. AU - Garfin, G.M. AU - Breshears, D.D. AU - Brooks, K.M. AU - Brown, H.E. AU - Elias, E.H. AU - Gunasekara, A. AU - Huntly, N. AU - Maldonado, J.K. AU - Mantua, N.J. AU - Margolis, H.G. AU - McAfee, S. AU - Middleton, B.R. AU - Udall, B.H. C4 - 64a715a0-1c80-4278-902a-50659bcf0552 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH25 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 25 SP - xxx ST - Southwest T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Southwest ID - 26662 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gonzalez, P. AU - Neilson, R. P. AU - Lenihan, J. M. AU - Drapek, R. J. C6 - NCA DA - Nov DO - 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00558.x IS - 6 PY - 2010 SN - 1466-8238 SP - 755-768 ST - Global patterns in the vulnerability of ecosystems to vegetation shifts due to climate change T2 - Global Ecology and Biogeography TI - Global patterns in the vulnerability of ecosystems to vegetation shifts due to climate change VL - 19 ID - 13559 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - James, Taj A2 - Ross, Jovida AU - Gonzalez, Rosa AU - other contributors PB - National Association of Climate Resilience Planners PY - 2017 ST - Community-Driven Climate Resilience Planning: A Framework, Version 2.0 TI - Community-Driven Climate Resilience Planning: A Framework, Version 2.0 UR - http://movementstrategy.org/b/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/WEB-CD-CRP_Updated-5.11.17.pdf ID - 24028 ER - TY - JOUR AU - González-Delgado, Amir AU - Shukla, Manoj K. AU - DuBois, David W. AU - Flores-Márgez, Juan P. AU - Hernández Escamilla, Joel A. AU - Olivas, Evangelina DA - 2017/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.037 KW - Fungal spores Sticky tape Particle size Microorganism Dust PY - 2017 SN - 1001-0742 SP - 207-216 ST - Microbial and size characterization of airborne particulate matter collected on sticky tapes along US–Mexico border T2 - Journal of Environmental Sciences TI - Microbial and size characterization of airborne particulate matter collected on sticky tapes along US–Mexico border VL - 53 ID - 22074 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Goode, Jaime R. AU - Buffington, John M. AU - Tonina, Daniele AU - Isaak, Daniel J. AU - Thurow, Russell F. AU - Wenger, Seth AU - Nagel, David AU - Luce, Charlie AU - Tetzlaff, Doerthe AU - Soulsby, Chris DO - 10.1002/hyp.9728 IS - 5 KW - climate change morphologic adjustment salmon spawning habitat streambed scour PY - 2013 SN - 1099-1085 SP - 750-765 ST - Potential effects of climate change on streambed scour and risks to salmonid survival in snow-dominated mountain basins T2 - Hydrological Processes TI - Potential effects of climate change on streambed scour and risks to salmonid survival in snow-dominated mountain basins VL - 27 ID - 21489 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Goode, Jaime R. AU - Luce, Charles H. AU - Buffington, John M. DA - 2012/02/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.06.021 KW - Sediment yield Climate change Wildfire Forest roads Aquatic habitat Idaho batholith PY - 2012 SN - 0169-555X SP - 1-15 ST - Enhanced sediment delivery in a changing climate in semi-arid mountain basins: Implications for water resource management and aquatic habitat in the northern Rocky Mountains T2 - Geomorphology TI - Enhanced sediment delivery in a changing climate in semi-arid mountain basins: Implications for water resource management and aquatic habitat in the northern Rocky Mountains VL - 139 ID - 21490 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Goode, Ron W. CY - Clovis, CA PB - Eagle Eye Enterprises PY - 2013 SP - 5 ST - Burning Down to the Village TI - Burning Down to the Village UR - http://www.water.ca.gov/waterplan/docs/tac/Burning%20Down%20to%20the%20Village.pdf ID - 23951 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gopalakrishna, Deepak AU - Schroeder, Jeremy AU - Huff, Amy AU - Thomas, Amy AU - Leibrand, Amy CY - Washington, DC NV - FHWA-HOP-13-030 PB - Federal Highway Administration PY - 2013 SP - 37 ST - Planning for Systems Management & Operations as Part of Climate Change Adaptation TI - Planning for Systems Management & Operations as Part of Climate Change Adaptation UR - https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop13030/index.htm ID - 24586 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gordon, Kate AU - the Risky Business Project CY - New York KW - added by ERG N1 - Online version at https://riskybusiness.org/report/national/ PB - Risky Business Project PY - 2014 RP - Online version at https://riskybusiness.org/report/national/ SP - 51 ST - The Economic Risks of Climate Change in the United States : A Climate Risk Assessment for the United States TI - The Economic Risks of Climate Change in the United States : A Climate Risk Assessment for the United States UR - https://riskybusiness.org/site/assets/uploads/2015/09/RiskyBusiness_Report_WEB_09_08_14.pdf ID - 23096 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gordon, Line J AU - Steffen, Will AU - Jönsson, Bror F AU - Folke, Carl AU - Falkenmark, Malin AU - Johannessen, Åse DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.11.007 IS - 21 PY - 2005 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 7612-7617 ST - Human modification of global water vapor flows from the land surface T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Human modification of global water vapor flows from the land surface VL - 102 ID - 22583 ER - TY - JOUR AB - EuroAmerican land-use and its legacies have transformed forest structure and composition across the United States (US). More accurate reconstructions of historical states are critical to understanding the processes governing past, current, and future forest dynamics. Here we present new gridded (8x8km) reconstructions of pre-settlement (1800s) forest composition and structure from the upper Midwestern US (Minnesota, Wisconsin, and most of Michigan), using 19th Century Public Land Survey System (PLSS), with estimates of relative composition, above-ground biomass, stem density, and basal area for 28 tree types. This mapping is more robust than past efforts, using spatially varying correction factors to accommodate sampling design, azimuthal censoring, and biases in tree selection. Changes in Forest Structure We compare pre-settlement to modern forests using US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data to show the prevalence of lost forests (pre-settlement forests with no current analog), and novel forests (modern forests with no past analogs). Differences between pre-settlement and modern forests are spatially structured owing to differences in land-use impacts and accompanying ecological responses. Modern forests are more homogeneous, and ecotonal gradients are more diffuse today than in the past. Novel forest assemblages represent 28% of all FIA cells, and 28% of pre-settlement forests no longer exist in a modern context. Lost forests include tamarack forests in northeastern Minnesota, hemlock and cedar dominated forests in north-central Wisconsin and along the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and elm, oak, basswood and ironwood forests along the forest-prairie boundary in south central Minnesota and eastern Wisconsin. Novel FIA forest assemblages are distributed evenly across the region, but novelty shows a strong relationship to spatial distance from remnant forests in the upper Midwest, with novelty predicted at between 20 to 60km from remnants, depending on historical forest type. The spatial relationships between remnant and novel forests, shifts in ecotone structure and the loss of historic forest types point to significant challenges for land managers if landscape restoration is a priority. The spatial signals of novelty and ecological change also point to potential challenges in using modern spatial distributions of species and communities and their relationship to underlying geophysical and climatic attributes in understanding potential responses to changing climate. The signal of human settlement on modern forests is broad, spatially varying and acts to homogenize modern forests relative to their historic counterparts, with significant implications for future management. AU - Goring, Simon J. AU - Mladenoff, David J. AU - Cogbill, Charles V. AU - Record, Sydne AU - Paciorek, Christopher J. AU - Jackson, Stephen T. AU - Dietze, Michael C. AU - Dawson, Andria AU - Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala AU - McLachlan, Jason S. AU - Williams, John W. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0151935 IS - 12 PY - 2016 SP - e0151935 ST - Novel and lost forests in the upper midwestern United States, from new estimates of settlement-era composition, stem density, and biomass T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Novel and lost forests in the upper midwestern United States, from new estimates of settlement-era composition, stem density, and biomass VL - 11 ID - 21214 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Valley fever is endemic to the southwestern United States. Humans contract this fungal disease by inhaling spores of Coccidioides spp. Changes in the environment can influence the abundance and dispersal of Coccidioides spp., causing fluctuations in valley fever incidence. We combined county‐level case records from state health agencies to create a regional valley fever database for the southwestern United States, including Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. We used this data set to explore how environmental factors influenced the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of valley fever incidence during 2000–2015. We compiled climate and environmental geospatial data sets from multiple sources to compare with valley fever incidence. These variables included air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, surface dust concentration, normalized difference vegetation index, and cropland area. We found that valley fever incidence was greater in areas with warmer air temperatures and drier soils. The mean annual cycle of incidence varied throughout the southwestern United States and peaked following periods of low precipitation and soil moisture. From year‐to‐year, however, autumn incidence was higher following cooler, wetter, and productive springs in the San Joaquin Valley of California. In southcentral Arizona, incidence increased significantly through time. By 2015, incidence in this region was more than double the rate in the San Joaquin Valley. Our analysis provides a framework for interpreting the influence of climate change on valley fever incidence dynamics. Our results may allow the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to improve their estimates of the spatial pattern and intensity of valley fever endemicity. AU - Gorris, M. E. AU - Cat, L. A. AU - Zender, C. S. AU - Treseder, K. K. AU - Randerson, J. T. DO - 10.1002/2017GH000095 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - 6-24 ST - Coccidioidomycosis dynamics in relation to climate in the southwestern United States T2 - GeoHealth TI - Coccidioidomycosis dynamics in relation to climate in the southwestern United States VL - 2 ID - 25334 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Got Green AU - Puget Sound Sage CY - Seattle, WA PY - 2016 SP - 51 ST - Our People, Our Planet, Our Power—Community Led Research in South Seattle TI - Our People, Our Planet, Our Power—Community Led Research in South Seattle UR - http://gotgreenseattle.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/OurPeopleOurPlanetOurPower_GotGreen_Sage_Final1.pdf ID - 26533 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background On October 29th, 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused a storm surge interrupting electricity with disruption to Manhattan’s (New York, USA) health care infrastructure. Beth Israel Medical Center (BIMC) was the only fully functioning major hospital in lower Manhattan during and after Hurricane Sandy. The impact on emergency department (ED) and hospital use by geriatric patients in lower Manhattan was studied. Methods The trends of ED visits and hospitalizations in the immediate post-Sandy phase (IPS) during the actual blackout (October 29 through November 4, 2012), and the extended post-Sandy phase (EPS), when neighboring hospitals were still incapacitated (November 5, 2012 through February 10, 2013), were analyzed with baseline. The analysis was broken down by age groups (18-64, 65-79, and 80+ years old) and included the reasons for ED visits and admissions. Results During the IPS, there was a significant increase in geriatric visits (from 11% to 16.5% in the 65-79 age group, and from 6.5% to 13% in the 80+ age group) as well as in hospitalizations (from 22.7% to 25.2% in the 65-79 age group, and from 17.6% to 33.8% in the 80+ age group). However, these proportions returned to baseline during the EPS. The proportions of the categories “dialysis,” “respiratory device,” “social,” and “syncope” in geriatric patients in ED visits were significantly higher than younger patients. The increases of the categories “medication,” “dialysis,” “respiratory device,” and “social” represented two-thirds of absolute increase in both ED visits and admissions for the 65-79 age group, and half of the absolute increase in ED visits for the 80+ age group. The categories “social” and “respiratory device” peaked one day after the disaster, “dialysis” peaked two days after, and “medication” peaked three days after in ED visit analysis. Conclusions There was a disproportionate increase in ED visits and hospitalizations in the geriatric population compared with the younger population during the IPS. The primary factor of the disproportionate impact on the geriatric population appears to be from indirect effects of the hurricane, mainly due to the subsequent power outages, such as “dialysis,” “respiratory device,” and “social.” Further investigation by chart review may provide more insights to better aid with future disaster preparedness. Gotanda H , Fogel J , Husk G , Levine JM , Peterson M , Baumlin K , Habboushe J . Hurricane Sandy: Impact on Emergency Department and Hospital Utilization by Older Adults in Lower Manhattan, New York (USA). Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(5):496–502. AU - Gotanda, Hiroshi AU - Fogel, Joyce AU - Husk, Gregg AU - Levine, Jeffrey M. AU - Peterson, Monte AU - Baumlin, Kevin AU - Habboushe, Joseph DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1049023X15005087 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 09/15 IS - 5 KW - disaster planning geriatrics public health PY - 2015 SN - 1049-023X SP - 496-502 ST - Hurricane Sandy: Impact on emergency department and hospital utilization by older adults in Lower Manhattan, New York (USA) T2 - Prehospital and Disaster Medicine TI - Hurricane Sandy: Impact on emergency department and hospital utilization by older adults in Lower Manhattan, New York (USA) VL - 30 ID - 24124 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gotham, Kevin Fox DA - 2014/01/02 DO - 10.1080/10511482.2013.840666 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SN - 1051-1482 SP - 192-212 ST - Reinforcing inequalities: The impact of the CDBG Program on post-Katrina rebuilding T2 - Housing Policy Debate TI - Reinforcing inequalities: The impact of the CDBG Program on post-Katrina rebuilding VL - 24 ID - 24026 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Agyeman, Julian A2 - Patel, Zarina A2 - Simone, Abdou Maliq A2 - Zavestoski, Stephen AU - Gould, Kenneth A. AU - Lewis, Tammy L C4 - dcd789bb-5b14-4c0c-a2cc-6e3595176b33 CY - London and New York PB - Routledge PY - 2017 SN - 1138309133 978-1138309135 SP - 192 ST - Green Gentrification: Urban Sustainability and the Struggle for Environmental Justice T2 - Routledge Equity, Justice and the Sustainable City Series TI - Green Gentrification: Urban Sustainability and the Struggle for Environmental Justice ID - 26189 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Gould, W.A. AU - Díaz, E.L. AU - (co-leads) AU - Álvarez-Berríos, N.L. AU - Aponte-González, F. AU - Archibald, W. AU - Bowden, J.H. AU - Carrubba, L. AU - Crespo, W. AU - Fain, S.J. AU - González, G. AU - Goulbourne, A. AU - Harmsen, E. AU - Holupchinski, E. AU - Khalyani, A.H. AU - Kossin, J. AU - Leinberger, A.J. AU - Marrero-Santiago, V.I. AU - Martínez-Sánchez, O. AU - McGinley, K. AU - Méndez-Lázaro, P. AU - Morell, J. AU - Oyola, M.M. AU - Parés-Ramos, I.K. AU - Pulwarty, R. AU - Sweet, W.V. AU - Terando, A. AU - Torres-González, S. C4 - 5b9a63e5-1103-4c0a-8505-b167e78458a3 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH20 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 20 SP - xxx ST - U.S. Caribbean T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - U.S. Caribbean ID - 26654 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gould, William A. AU - Fain, Stephen J. AU - Pares, Isabel K. AU - McGinley, Kathleen AU - Perry, Anne AU - Steele, Rachel F. CY - Rio Piedras, PR PB - USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry PY - 2015 SP - 67 ST - Caribbean Regional Climate Sub Hub Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies TI - Caribbean Regional Climate Sub Hub Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies UR - https://www.climatehubs.oce.usda.gov/sites/default/files/Caribbean%20Region%20Vulnerability%20Assessment%20Final.pdf ID - 24977 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Long-term warming trends across the globe have shifted the distribution of temperature variability, such that what was once classified as extreme heat relative to local mean conditions has become more common. This is also true for agricultural regions, where exposure to extreme heat, particularly during key growth phases such as the reproductive period, can severely damage crop production in ways that are not captured by most crop models. Here, we analyze exposure of crops to physiologically critical temperatures in the reproductive stage ( T crit ), across the global harvested areas of maize, rice, soybean and wheat. Trends for the 1980–2011 period show a relatively weak correspondence ( r = 0.19) between mean growing season temperature and T crit exposure trends, emphasizing the importance of separate analyses for T crit . Increasing T crit exposure in the past few decades is apparent for wheat in Central and South Asia and South America, and for maize in many diverse locations across the globe. Maize had the highest percentage (15%) of global harvested area exposed to at least five reproductive days over T crit in the 2000s, although this value is somewhat sensitive to the exact temperature used for the threshold. While there was relatively little sustained exposure to reproductive days over T crit for the other crops in the past few decades, all show increases with future warming. Using projections from climate models we estimate that by the 2030s, 31, 16, and 11% respectively of maize, rice, and wheat global harvested area will be exposed to at least five reproductive days over T crit in a typical year, with soybean much less affected. Both maize and rice exhibit non-linear increases with time, with total area exposed for rice projected to grow from 8% in the 2000s to 27% by the 2050s, and maize from 15 to 44% over the same period. While faster development should lead to earlier flowering, which would reduce reproductive extreme heat exposure for wheat on a global basis, this would have little impact for the other crops. Therefore, regardless of the impact of other global change factors (such as increasing atmospheric CO 2 ), reproductive extreme heat exposure will pose risks for global crop production without adaptive measures such as changes in sowing dates, crop and variety switching, expansion of irrigation, and agricultural expansion into cooler areas. AU - Gourdji, Sharon M. AU - Sibley, Adam M. AU - Lobell, David B. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024041 IS - 2 PY - 2013 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 024041 ST - Global crop exposure to critical high temperatures in the reproductive period: Historical trends and future projections T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Global crop exposure to critical high temperatures in the reproductive period: Historical trends and future projections VL - 8 ID - 23613 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Government of Palau CY - Koror, Palau PB - Office of the President PY - 2015 SP - 30 ST - Palau Climate Change Policy: For Climate and Disaster Resilient Low Emissions Development TI - Palau Climate Change Policy: For Climate and Disaster Resilient Low Emissions Development UR - http://ccprojects.gsd.spc.int/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/2.-Palau-Climate-Change-Policy.pdf ID - 22440 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Government of Puerto Rico CY - San Juan, PR PB - Government of Puerto Rico PY - 2017 SP - 107 ST - Build Back Better: Puerto Rico. Request for Federal Assistance for Disaster Recovery TI - Build Back Better: Puerto Rico. Request for Federal Assistance for Disaster Recovery UR - https://www.governor.ny.gov/sites/governor.ny.gov/files/atoms/files/Build_Back_Better_PR.pdf ID - 25257 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Governor’s Economic Recovery Committee CY - Honolulu, HI DA - 1993/01// PY - 1993 SP - 50 ST - Imua: Kauai Beyond Hurricane Iniki TI - Imua: Kauai Beyond Hurricane Iniki ID - 22441 ER - TY - DATA AU - Goward, SN AU - Huang, C AU - Zhao, F AU - Schleeweis, K AU - Rishmawi, K AU - Lindsey, M AU - Dungan, JL AU - Michaelis, A C4 - a763e6c4-f1c0-41b0-954a-524bfdad6300 CY - Oak Ridge, TN DO - 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1290 PB - ORNL DAAC PY - 2015 ST - NACP NAFD Project: Forest Disturbance History from Landsat, 1986–2010 TI - NACP NAFD Project: Forest Disturbance History from Landsat, 1986–2010 ID - 22584 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Gowda, P. AU - Steiner, J.L. AU - Olson, C. AU - Boggess, M. AU - Farrigan, T. AU - Grusak, M.A. C4 - 54a15262-e4cd-4d96-93c5-fe8a53283e35 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH10 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 10 SP - xxx ST - Agriculture and Rural Communities T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Agriculture and Rural Communities ID - 26644 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Accurate daily reference evapotranspiration (ET) values are needed to estimate crop water demand for irrigation management and hydrologic modeling purposes. The Bushland Reference ET Calculator (BET) was developed to implement a user-friendly interface for calculating hourly and daily grass and alfalfa reference ET using the Java Programming Language. The calculator uses the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Standardized Reference ET equation for calculating both grass and alfalfa reference ET at hourly and daily time steps from a single set or time series of weather data. Daily reference ET can be calculated either by calculating the hourly reference ET values and summing them up or by calculating a daily value using daily statistics of the climatic data (means, maxima, and minima). Graphing capabilities include line graph and scatter plot for quality assurance and quality control purposes. Descriptive statistics can be calculated for selected or all of the variables. Although the “Bushland Reference ET Calculator” was designed and developed for use mainly by producers and crop consultants to manage irrigation scheduling, it can also be used in educational training, research, and other practical applications. This article demonstrates the use of the Bushland Reference ET Calculator that is available from the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory web site to interested users at no cost. AU - Gowda, Prasanna H. AU - Howell, Terry A. AU - Baumhardt, R. Louis AU - Porter, Dana O. AU - Marek, Thomas H. AU - Nangia, Vinay DO - 10.13031/aea.32.11673 IS - 3 KW - Irrigation scheduling Bushland Reference ET Calculator Water management. PY - 2016 SN - 0883-8542 SP - 383 ST - A user-friendly interactive tool for estimating reference ET using ASCE standardized Penman-Monteith equation T2 - Applied Engineering in Agriculture TI - A user-friendly interactive tool for estimating reference ET using ASCE standardized Penman-Monteith equation VL - 32 ID - 25568 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grabow, Maggie L. AU - Spak, Scott N. AU - Holloway, Tracey AU - Stone, Brian, Jr. AU - Mednick, Adam C. AU - Patz, Jonathan A. C6 - NCA DA - Jan DO - 10.1289/ehp.1103440 IS - 1 PY - 2012 SN - 0091-6765 SP - 68-76 ST - Air quality and exercise-related health benefits from reduced car travel in the midwestern United States T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Air quality and exercise-related health benefits from reduced car travel in the midwestern United States VL - 120 ID - 13566 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Valuation of ecosystem services can provide evidence of the importance of sustaining and enhancing those resources and the ecosystems that provide them. Long appreciated only as a commercial source of oysters, oyster reefs are now acknowledged for the other services they provide, such as enhancing water quality and stabilizing shorelines. We develop a framework to assess the value of these services. We conservatively estimate that the economic value of oyster reef services, excluding oyster harvesting, is between $5500 and $99,000 per hectare per year and that reefs recover their median restoration costs in 2–14 years. In contrast, when oyster reefs are subjected to destructive oyster harvesting, they do not recover the costs of restoration. Shoreline stabilization is the most valuable potential service, although this value varies greatly by reef location. Quantifying the economic values of ecosystem services provides guidance about when oyster reef restoration is a good use of funds. AU - Grabowski, Jonathan H. AU - Brumbaugh, Robert D. AU - Conrad, Robert F. AU - Keeler, Andrew G. AU - Opaluch, James J. AU - Peterson, Charles H. AU - Piehler, Michael F. AU - Powers, Sean P. AU - Smyth, Ashley R. DO - 10.1525/bio.2012.62.10.10 IS - 10 PY - 2012 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 900-909 ST - Economic valuation of ecosystem services provided by oyster reefs T2 - BioScience TI - Economic valuation of ecosystem services provided by oyster reefs VL - 62 ID - 25728 ER - TY - RPRT AU - GRAEF AU - Hey and Associates Inc. AU - CDM Smith CY - Milwaukee, WI PB - Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District PY - 2017 RN - https://www.mmsd.com/application/files/4314/9522/1491/KK_Watershed_Flood_Management_Plan_05_04_17_-_-EXECUTIVE_SUMMARY_002.pdf SP - 9 ST - Kinnickinnic River Watershed Flood Management Plan: Final Report. Executive Summary TI - Kinnickinnic River Watershed Flood Management Plan: Final Report. Executive Summary UR - https://www.mmsd.com/application/files/4314/9522/1491/KK_Watershed_Flood_Management_Plan_05_04_17_-_-EXECUTIVE_SUMMARY_002.pdf ID - 26598 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Graff Zivin, Joshua AU - Neidell, Matthew DO - 10.1086/671766 IS - 1 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2014 SN - 0734306X 15375307 SP - 1-26 ST - Temperature and the allocation of time: Implications for climate change T2 - Journal of Labor Economics TI - Temperature and the allocation of time: Implications for climate change VL - 32 ID - 17597 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Policy makers will increasingly have to turn to water demand management in the future to respond to greater water scarcity. Water markets have long been promoted as one of the most efficient ways to reallocate water by economists, but have also been subject to much criticism due to their possible social, economic and environmental impacts. We engage with common critical perceptions of water markets by presenting first-hand evidence of their effects in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB), Australia. Water markets in the MDB, as developed within an appropriate institutional framework and coupled with comprehensive water planning, have: (1) helped deliver improved environmental outcomes; (2) assisted irrigators’ adaptation responses to climate risks, such as drought; (3) increased the gross valued added of farming; and (4) been regulated in ways to meet social goals. If water markets are embedded within fair and effective meta-governance and property right structures, the potential exists for marketisation to increase efficiency, promote fairness in terms of initial water allocations, and to improve environmental outcomes. AU - Grafton, R. Quentin AU - Horne, James AU - Wheeler, Sarah Ann DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s11269-015-1199-0 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1650 SP - 913-926 ST - On the marketisation of water: Evidence from the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia T2 - Water Resources Management TI - On the marketisation of water: Evidence from the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia VL - 30 ID - 25371 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grafton, R. Quentin AU - Williams, John AU - Jiang, Qiang DO - 10.1002/2016EF000506 IS - 5 KW - food security water security irrigated agriculture rain-fed agriculture APSIM TFP 0402 Agricultural systems 1842 Irrigation PY - 2017 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 449-462 ST - Possible pathways and tensions in the food and water nexus T2 - Earth's Future TI - Possible pathways and tensions in the food and water nexus VL - 5 ID - 23524 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grah, Oliver AU - Beaulieu, Jezra C6 - NCA DA - October 2013 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0747-y IS - 3 LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 657-670 ST - The effect of climate change on glacier ablation and baseflow support in the Nooksack River basin and implications on Pacific salmonid species protection and recovery T2 - Climatic Change TI - The effect of climate change on glacier ablation and baseflow support in the Nooksack River basin and implications on Pacific salmonid species protection and recovery VL - 120 ID - 13568 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Grannis, Jessica AU - Arroyo, Vicki AU - Hoverter, Sara AU - Stumberg, Robert CY - Washington, DC KW - added by ERG PB - Georgetown Climate Center PY - 2014 SP - 16 ST - Preparing for Climate Impacts: Lessons from the Front Lines TI - Preparing for Climate Impacts: Lessons from the Front Lines UR - https://www.issuelab.org/resource/preparing-for-climate-impacts-lessons-from-the-front-lines.html ID - 23083 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Every spring, the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere decreases as terrestrial vegetation grows, and every fall, CO2 rises as vegetation dies and rots. Climate change has destabilized the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 such that Graven et al. (p. 1085, published online 8 August; see the Perspective by Fung) have found that the amplitude of the seasonal cycle has exceeded 50% at some latitudes. The only way to explain this increase is if extratropical land ecosystems are growing and shrinking more than they did half a century ago, as a result of changes in the structure and composition of northern ecosystems. Seasonal variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Northern Hemisphere have increased since the 1950s, but sparse observations have prevented a clear assessment of the patterns of long-term change and the underlying mechanisms. We compare recent aircraft-based observations of CO2 above the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans to earlier data from 1958 to 1961 and find that the seasonal amplitude at altitudes of 3 to 6 km increased by 50% for 45° to 90°N but by less than 25% for 10° to 45°N. An increase of 30 to 60% in the seasonal exchange of CO2 by northern extratropical land ecosystems, focused on boreal forests, is implicated, substantially more than simulated by current land ecosystem models. The observations appear to signal large ecological changes in northern forests and a major shift in the global carbon cycle.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/341/6150/1085.full.pdf AU - Graven, H. D. AU - Keeling, R. F. AU - Piper, S. C. AU - Patra, P. K. AU - Stephens, B. B. AU - Wofsy, S. C. AU - Welp, L. R. AU - Sweeney, C. AU - Tans, P. P. AU - Kelley, J. J. AU - Daube, B. C. AU - Kort, E. A. AU - Santoni, G. W. AU - Bent, J. D. DO - 10.1126/science.1239207 IS - 6150 PY - 2013 SP - 1085-1089 ST - Enhanced seasonal exchange of CO2 by northern ecosystems since 1960 T2 - Science TI - Enhanced seasonal exchange of CO2 by northern ecosystems since 1960 VL - 341 ID - 23380 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Graves, David CY - Portland, OR PB - Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission PY - 2008 SP - 20 ST - A GIS Analysis of Climate Change and Snowpack on Columbia Basin Tribal Lands TI - A GIS Analysis of Climate Change and Snowpack on Columbia Basin Tribal Lands UR - http://www.critfc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/08_05report.pdf ID - 23489 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gray, Stephen T. AU - Jackson, Stephen T. AU - Betancourt, Julio L. DO - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01058.x IS - 4 KW - drought tree rings water resources planning time-series analysis paleohydrology Uinta Basin Watershed Utah PY - 2004 SN - 1752-1688 SP - 947-960 ST - Tree-ring based reconstructions of interannual to decadal scale precipitation variability for northeastern Utah since 1226 A.D. T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - Tree-ring based reconstructions of interannual to decadal scale precipitation variability for northeastern Utah since 1226 A.D. VL - 40 ID - 21491 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Great Lakes Water Quality C4 - c3722455-6da6-40ca-aca3-6568594c80fe CY - Chicago, IL and Gatineau, Quebec, Canada PB - The Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America PY - 2017 ST - Climate Change Impacts (Annex 9) T2 - Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA) TI - Climate Change Impacts (Annex 9) UR - https://binational.net/annexes/a9/ ID - 22100 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Board, North Pacific Research AU - Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. AU - Cooper, Lee W. AU - Ashjian, Carin A. AU - Bluhm, Bodil A. AU - Campbell, Robert B. AU - Dunton, Kenneth E. AU - Moore, James AU - Okkonen, Steve AU - Sheffield, Gay AU - Trefry, John AU - Yamin-Pasternak, Sveta CY - St. Solomons, MD PB - North Pacific Research Board PY - 2015 SP - 259 ST - Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS): Final Report TI - Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS): Final Report UR - https://www.nprb.org/assets/uploads/files/Arctic/PacMARS_Final_Report_forweb.pdf ID - 22207 ER - TY - WEB AB - The Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) is a regional entity based in Samoa focused on climate change and environmental issues affecting SIDS in the Pacific. SPREP... AU - Green Climate Fund CY - Incheon, Republic of Korea PB - Green Climate Fund PY - 2015 ST - Accredited Entity: Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) TI - Accredited Entity: Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) UR - http://www.greenclimate.fund/-/secretariat-of-the-pacific-regional-environment-programme ID - 22442 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Green, Mandy AU - Hamberg, Andrea AU - Main, Eric AU - Early-Alberts, Julie AU - Dubuisson, Nadege AU - Douglas, Jae P. CY - Portland, OR PB - Oregon Health Assessment PY - 2013 SP - 59 ST - Climate Smart Communities Scenarios Health Impact Assessment TI - Climate Smart Communities Scenarios Health Impact Assessment UR - http://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/HealthyEnvironments/TrackingAssessment/HealthImpactAssessment/Documents/CSCS/FINAL_Climate%20Smart%20Communities%20Scenarios.pdf ID - 24765 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Green, Timothy R. AU - Taniguchi, Makoto AU - Kooi, Henk AU - Gurdak, Jason J. AU - Allen, Diana M. AU - Hiscock, Kevin M. AU - Treidel, Holger AU - Aureli, Alice DA - 2011/08/05/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.002 IS - 3 KW - Adaptation Climate change Global change Groundwater Soil water Vadose zone PY - 2011 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 532-560 ST - Beneath the surface of global change: Impacts of climate change on groundwater T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Beneath the surface of global change: Impacts of climate change on groundwater VL - 405 ID - 23262 ER - TY - JOUR AB - With the end of commercial whaling, it was thought that populations of the highly endangered North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) would gradually recover. However, recent modeling studies have shown that the population’s growth rate increased gradually during the 1980s, but began declining in the early 1990s, when female mortality rates increased substantially. Demographic projections predict that, assuming birth and mortality rates remain comparable to those observed in the early 1990s, the population will become extinct in less than 200 years. Further extrapolations suggest that reducing mortality rates by a few female deaths per year through conservation efforts would be sufficient to support a slow recovery of the population. However, the effects of climate variability and change on calving rates may make the North Atlantic right whale even more vulnerable than previous projections have suggested. Failure to incorporate the effects of climate in demographic projections may lead us to underestimate the conservation efforts required to ensure recovery of this whale population. AU - Greene, Charles H. AU - Pershing, Andrew J. DO - 10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0029:CATCBO]2.0.CO;2 IS - 1 PY - 2004 SP - 29-34 ST - Climate and the conservation biology of North Atlantic right whales: The right whale at the wrong time? T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Climate and the conservation biology of North Atlantic right whales: The right whale at the wrong time? VL - 2 ID - 26190 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Greene, R. AU - Skeele, R. CY - Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands PB - Prepared for CNMI Office of the Governor, Division of Coastal Resources Management PY - 2014 SP - 95 ST - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the Island of Saipan, CNMI TI - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the Island of Saipan, CNMI UR - https://sablan.house.gov/sites/sablan.house.gov/files/documents/Climate%20Change%20Vulnerability%20Assessment%20For%20the%20Island%20of%20Saipan,%20CNMI.pdf ID - 26416 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Introduction On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy touched down in New York City (NYC; New York USA) causing massive destruction, paralyzing the city, and destroying lives. Research has shown that considerable damage and loss of life can be averted in at-risk areas from advanced preparation in communication procedures, evacuation planning, and resource allocation. However, research is limited in describing how natural disasters of this magnitude affect emergency departments (EDs). Hypothesis/Problem The aim of this study was to identify and describe trends in patient volume and demographics, and types of conditions treated, as a result of Hurricane Sandy at Staten Island University Hospital North (SIUH-N; Staten Island, New York USA) site ED. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients presenting to SIUH-N in the days surrounding the storm, October 26, 2012 through November 2, 2012, was completed. Data were compared to the same week of the year prior, October 28, 2011 through November 4, 2011. Daily census, patient age, gender, admission rates, mode of arrival, and diagnoses in the days surrounding the storm were observed. Results A significant decline in patient volume was found in all age ranges on the day of landfall (Day 0) with a census of 114; -55% compared to 2011. The daily volume exhibited a precipitous drop on the days preceding the storm followed by a return to usual volumes shortly after. A notably larger percentage of patients were seen for medication refills in 2012; 5.8% versus 0.4% (PPP A large decline in admissions was observed in the days prior to the storm, with a nadir on Day +1 at five percent (-22%). Review of admitted patients revealed atypical admissions for home care service such as need for supplemental oxygen or ventilator. In addition, a drop in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) utilization was seen on Days 0 and +1. The SIUH-N typically sees 18% of patients arriving via EMS. On Day +1, only two percent of patients arrived by ambulance. Conclusion The daily ED census saw a significant decline in the days preceding the storm. In addition, the type of conditions treated varied from baseline, and a considerable drop in hospital admissions was seen. Data such as these presented here can help make predictions for future scenarios. Greenstein J , Chacko J , Ardolic B , Berwald N . Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Staten Island University Hospital Emergency Department. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):335–339. AU - Greenstein, Josh AU - Chacko, Jerel AU - Ardolic, Brahim AU - Berwald, Nicole DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1049023X16000261 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 04/06 IS - 3 KW - disaster medicine emergency department emergency preparedness hurricane PY - 2016 SN - 1049-023X SP - 335-339 ST - Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Staten Island University Hospital Emergency Department T2 - Prehospital and Disaster Medicine TI - Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Staten Island University Hospital Emergency Department VL - 31 ID - 24123 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gregg, Rachel M. CY - Bainbridge, Island, WA PB - EcoAdapt PY - 2018 SP - 278 ST - Hawaiian Islands Climate Vulnerability and Adaptation Synthesis TI - Hawaiian Islands Climate Vulnerability and Adaptation Synthesis UR - https://www.cakex.org/documents/hawaiian-islands-climate-vulnerability-and-adaptation-synthesis ID - 25870 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gregg, Rachel M. AU - Reynier, Whitney A. AU - Score, Alessandra AU - Hilberg, Laura CY - Bainbridge Island, WA PB - EcoAdapt PY - 2017 SP - 214 ST - State of Climate Adaptation in Water Resources Management: Southeastern United States and U.S. Caribbean TI - State of Climate Adaptation in Water Resources Management: Southeastern United States and U.S. Caribbean UR - https://www.cakex.org/sites/default/files/documents/EcoAdapt_State%20of%20Adaptation_U.S.%20Southeast%20and%20Caribbean_December%202017.pdf ID - 26319 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Values‐based indicators of risks to Indigenous health have the potential to improve the accuracy and quality of a wide range of decisions affecting Native lands and cultures. Current health impact assessment approaches often omit important health priorities rooted in the history, social structures, and cultural context of Indigenous communities. Insights and methods from the decision sciences can be used to develop more culturally appropriate and context‐relevant health indicators that can articulate and track changes to important dimensions of Indigenous health. Identifying and addressing priority cultural, social, economic, and environmental contributors to the health of Indigenous communities will help to generate better project alternatives and foster more responsive choices. AU - Gregory, Robin AU - Easterling, Doug AU - Kaechele, Nicole AU - Trousdale, William DO - 10.1111/risa.12533 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SP - 1581-1588 ST - Values‐based measures of impacts to indigenous health T2 - Risk Analysis TI - Values‐based measures of impacts to indigenous health VL - 36 ID - 25350 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Gregory, Robin AU - Failing, Lee AU - Harstone, Michael AU - Long, Graham AU - McDaniels, Tim AU - Ohlson, Dan C4 - b4a4e80a-7b7e-4b34-b1a5-a9974506312c CY - Chichester, UK PB - Wiley-Blackwell PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-444-39853-3 SP - 1-20 ST - Structuring environmental management choices T2 - Structured Decision Making: A Practical Guide to Environmental Management Choices TI - Structuring environmental management choices ID - 25726 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gregory, R. AU - McDaniels, T. AU - Fields, D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1002/pam.1001 IS - 3 PY - 2001 SN - 1520-6688 SP - 415-432 ST - Decision aiding, not dispute resolution: Creating insights through structured environmental decisions T2 - Journal of Policy Analysis and Management TI - Decision aiding, not dispute resolution: Creating insights through structured environmental decisions VL - 20 ID - 13591 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Growing populations of invasive lionfishes Pterois volitans and P. miles have had detrimental impacts on native marine fish communities and transformed many of the reef ecosystems of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Over the last 3 decades, suitable environmental conditions and lack of natural biological controls have allowed lionfish populations to expand into areas ranging from the tropical waters of the Caribbean to the northern portions of the shelf break along the Southeast United States Continental Shelf (SEUSCS) during all months of the year. Under current climate conditions, continued expansion to waters further north or inshore from the shelf break is unlikely, given the physiological thermal tolerance of lionfish and the cooler temperatures of these waters. However, the geographic range of suitable environments may expand in the future with climate change. Here, we develop a conceptual model of the physical climate niche of lionfish and use projections of future ocean temperatures and salinities to explore potential lionfish habitat through the year 2100 under conditions of anthropogenic climate change. Without successful culling efforts or implementation of climate-change mitigation strategies, the spatial extent of suitable year-round lionfish habitat is expected to increase 45% on the SEUSCS during the 21st century, covering 90% of the region. Establishment of resident populations north of Cape Hatteras is unlikely. Nevertheless, in the coming decades, the potential impact of continued lionfish invasion on the valuable marine ecosystems of the SEUSCS is cause for concern. AU - Grieve, Brian D. AU - Curchitser, Enrique N. AU - Rykaczewski, Ryan R. DO - 10.3354/meps11638 PY - 2016 SP - 225-237 ST - Range expansion of the invasive lionfish in the Northwest Atlantic with climate change T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series TI - Range expansion of the invasive lionfish in the Northwest Atlantic with climate change VL - 546 ID - 25727 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Calanus finmarchicus is vital to pelagic ecosystems in the North Atlantic Ocean. Previous studies suggest the species is vulnerable to the effects of global warming, particularly on the Northeast U.S. Shelf, which is in the southern portion of its range. In this study, we evaluate an ensemble of six different downscaled climate models and a high-resolution global climate model, and create a generalized additive model (GAM) to examine how future changes in temperature and salinity could affect the distribution and density of C. finmarchicus. By 2081–2100, we project average C. finmarchicus density will decrease by as much as 50% under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario. These decreases are particularly pronounced in the spring and summer in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank. When compared to a high-resolution global climate model, the ensemble showed a more uniform change throughout the Northeast U.S. Shelf, while the high-resolution model showed larger decreases in the Northeast Channel, Shelf Break, and Central Gulf of Maine. C. finmarchicus is an important link between primary production and higher trophic levels, and the decrease projected here could be detrimental to the North Atlantic Right Whale and a host of important fishery species. AU - Grieve, Brian D. AU - Hare, Jon A. AU - Saba, Vincent S. DA - 2017/07/24 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-06524-1 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 6264 ST - Projecting the effects of climate change on Calanus finmarchicus distribution within the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Projecting the effects of climate change on Calanus finmarchicus distribution within the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf VL - 7 ID - 26191 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Griffin, Daniel AU - Anchukaitis, Kevin J. DO - 10.1002/2014GL062433 IS - 24 KW - drought tree rings paleoclimate 1637 Regional climate change 1812 Drought 1884 Water supply 3344 Paleoclimatology 4920 Dendrochronology PY - 2014 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 9017-9023 ST - How unusual is the 2012–2014 California drought? T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - How unusual is the 2012–2014 California drought? VL - 41 ID - 23772 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Landscape pattern and composition metrics are potential indicators for broad-scale monitoring of change and for relating change to human and ecological processes. We used a probability sample of 20-km × 20-km sampling blocks to characterize landscape composition and pattern in five US ecoregions: the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain, Southeastern Plains, Northern Piedmont, Piedmont, and Blue Ridge Mountains. Land use/land cover (LULC) data for five dates between 1972 and 2000 were obtained for each sample block. Analyses focused on quantifying trends in selected landscape pattern metrics by ecoregion and comparing trends in land cover proportions and pattern metrics among ecoregions. Repeated measures analysis of the landscape pattern documented a statistically significant trend in all five ecoregions towards a more fine-grained landscape from the early 1970s through 2000. The ecologically important forest cover class also became more fine-grained with time (i.e., more numerous and smaller forest patches). Trends in LULC, forest edge, and forest percent like adjacencies differed among ecoregions. These results suggest that ecoregions provide a geographically coherent way to regionalize the story of national land use and land cover change in the United States. This study provides new information on LULC change in the southeast United States. Previous studies of the region from the 1930s to the 1980s showed a decrease in landscape fragmentation and an increase in percent forest, while this study showed an increase in forest fragmentation and a loss of forest cover. AU - Griffith, Jerry A. AU - Stehman, Stephen V. AU - Loveland, Thomas R. DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s00267-003-0078-2 IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2003 SN - 1432-1009 SP - 572-588 ST - Landscape trends in mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States ecoregions T2 - Environmental Management TI - Landscape trends in mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States ecoregions VL - 32 ID - 24321 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Grifman, Phyllis AU - Hart, Juliette AU - Ladwig, Jill AU - Mann, Alyssa Newton AU - Schulhof, Marika CY - Los Angeles, CA NV - Technical Report USCSG-TR-05-2013 PB - University of Southern California Sea Grant Program PY - 2013 SP - 45 ST - Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Study for the City of Los Angeles TI - Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Study for the City of Los Angeles UR - https://dornsife.usc.edu/uscseagrant/la-slr/ ID - 24025 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grigal, David F. DA - 2000/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00395-9 IS - 1 KW - Soil productivity Forest harvest Nutrient depletion Soil physical properties PY - 2000 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 167-185 ST - Effects of extensive forest management on soil productivity T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Effects of extensive forest management on soil productivity VL - 138 ID - 21150 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Griggs, Gary AU - Árvai, Joseph AU - Cayan, Dan AU - DeConto, Robert AU - Fox, Jenn AU - Fricker, Helen Amanda AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Tebaldi, Claudia AU - Whiteman, Elizabeth A. CY - Oakland, CA PB - California Ocean Science Trust PY - 2017 SP - 71 ST - Rising Seas in California: An Update on Sea-Level Rise Science TI - Rising Seas in California: An Update on Sea-Level Rise Science UR - http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf ID - 23950 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - Shipman, Hugh A2 - Dethier, Megan N. A2 - Gelfenbaum, Guy A2 - Fresh, Kurt L. A2 - Dinicola, Richard S. AU - Griggs, Gary B. DA - May N1 - USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5254 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2009 SP - 77-84 T2 - Puget Sound Shorelines and the Impacts of Armoring— Proceedings of a State of the Science Workshop TI - The effects of armoring shorelines—The California experience UR - https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5254/pdf/sir20105254_chap8.pdf ID - 26361 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grimm, Nancy B. AU - Chapin, F. Stuart, III AU - Bierwagen, Britta AU - Gonzalez, Patrick AU - Groffman, Peter M. AU - Luo, Yiqi AU - Melton, Forrest AU - Nadelhoffer, Knute AU - Pairis, Amber AU - Raymond, Peter A. AU - Schimel, Josh AU - Williamson, Craig E. C6 - NCA DA - 2013/11/01 DO - 10.1890/120282 IS - 9 PY - 2013 SN - 1540-9295 SP - 474-482 ST - The impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and function T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - The impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and function VL - 11 Y2 - 2014/03/04 ID - 13596 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Urban areas are hot spots that drive environmental change at multiple scales. Material demands of production and human consumption alter land use and cover, biodiversity, and hydrosystems locally to regionally, and urban waste discharge affects local to global biogeochemical cycles and climate. For urbanites, however, global environmental changes are swamped by dramatic changes in the local environment. Urban ecology integrates natural and social sciences to study these radically altered local environments and their regional and global effects. Cities themselves present both the problems and solutions to sustainability challenges of an increasingly urbanized world.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/319/5864/756.full.pdf AU - Grimm, Nancy B. AU - Faeth, Stanley H. AU - Golubiewski, Nancy E. AU - Redman, Charles L. AU - Wu, Jianguo AU - Bai, Xuemei AU - Briggs, John M. DO - 10.1126/science.1150195 IS - 5864 PY - 2008 SP - 756-760 ST - Global change and the ecology of cities T2 - Science TI - Global change and the ecology of cities VL - 319 ID - 23193 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sea level rise poses a significant threat to coastal communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Sea level rise is not uniform globally but is affected by a range of regional factors. In this study, we calculate regional projections of 21st century sea level rise in northern Europe, focusing on the British Isles, the Baltic Sea, and the North Sea. The input to the regional sea level projection is a probabilistic projection of the major components of the global sea level budget. Local sea level rise is partly compensated by vertical land movement from glacial isostatic adjustment. We explore the uncertainties beyond the likely range provided by the IPCC, including the risk and potential rate of marine ice sheet collapse. Our median 21st century relative sea level rise projection is 0.8 m near London and Hamburg, with a relative sea level drop of 0.1 m in the Bay of Bothnia (near Oulu, Finland). Considerable uncertainties remain in both the sea level budget and in the regional expression of sea level rise. The greatest uncertainties are associated with Antarctic ice loss, and uncertainties are skewed towards higher values, with the 95th percentile being characterized by an additional 0.9 m sea level rise above median projections. AU - Grinsted, A. AU - Jevrejeva, S. AU - Riva, R. E. M. AU - Dahl-Jensen, D. DO - 10.3354/cr01309 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - 15-23 ST - Sea level rise projections for northern Europe under RCP8.5 T2 - Climate Research TI - Sea level rise projections for northern Europe under RCP8.5 VL - 64 ID - 19926 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Detection and attribution of past changes in cyclone activity are hampered by biased cyclone records due to changes in observational capabilities. Here, we relate a homogeneous record of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity based on storm surge statistics from tide gauges to changes in global temperature patterns. We examine 10 competing hypotheses using nonstationary generalized extreme value analysis with different predictors (North Atlantic Oscillation, Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Sahel rainfall, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, radiative forcing, Main Development Region temperatures and its anomaly, global temperatures, and gridded temperatures). We find that gridded temperatures, Main Development Region, and global average temperature explain the observations best. The most extreme events are especially sensitive to temperature changes, and we estimate a doubling of Katrina magnitude events associated with the warming over the 20th century. The increased risk depends on the spatial distribution of the temperature rise with highest sensitivity from tropical Atlantic, Central America, and the Indian Ocean. Statistically downscaling 21st century warming patterns from six climate models results in a twofold to sevenfold increase in the frequency of Katrina magnitude events for a 1 °C rise in global temperature (using BNU-ESM, BCC-CSM-1.1, CanESM2, HadGEM2-ES, INM-CM4, and NorESM1-M). AU - Grinsted, Aslak AU - Moore, John C. AU - Jevrejeva, Svetlana DA - April 2, 2013 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1209980110 IS - 14 PY - 2013 SP - 5369-5373 ST - Projected Atlantic hurricane surge threat from rising temperatures T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Projected Atlantic hurricane surge threat from rising temperatures VL - 110 ID - 19925 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Most nations recently agreed to hold global average temperature rise to well below 2 °C. We examine how much climate mitigation nature can contribute to this goal with a comprehensive analysis of “natural climate solutions” (NCS): 20 conservation, restoration, and/or improved land management actions that increase carbon storage and/or avoid greenhouse gas emissions across global forests, wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural lands. We show that NCS can provide over one-third of the cost-effective climate mitigation needed between now and 2030 to stabilize warming to below 2 °C. Alongside aggressive fossil fuel emissions reductions, NCS offer a powerful set of options for nations to deliver on the Paris Climate Agreement while improving soil productivity, cleaning our air and water, and maintaining biodiversity.Better stewardship of land is needed to achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goal of holding warming to below 2 °C; however, confusion persists about the specific set of land stewardship options available and their mitigation potential. To address this, we identify and quantify “natural climate solutions” (NCS): 20 conservation, restoration, and improved land management actions that increase carbon storage and/or avoid greenhouse gas emissions across global forests, wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural lands. We find that the maximum potential of NCS—when constrained by food security, fiber security, and biodiversity conservation—is 23.8 petagrams of CO2 equivalent (PgCO2e) y−1 (95% CI 20.3–37.4). This is ≥30% higher than prior estimates, which did not include the full range of options and safeguards considered here. About half of this maximum (11.3 PgCO2e y−1) represents cost-effective climate mitigation, assuming the social cost of CO2 pollution is ≥100 USD MgCO2e−1 by 2030. Natural climate solutions can provide 37% of cost-effective CO2 mitigation needed through 2030 for a >66% chance of holding warming to below 2 °C. One-third of this cost-effective NCS mitigation can be delivered at or below 10 USD MgCO2−1. Most NCS actions—if effectively implemented—also offer water filtration, flood buffering, soil health, biodiversity habitat, and enhanced climate resilience. Work remains to better constrain uncertainty of NCS mitigation estimates. Nevertheless, existing knowledge reported here provides a robust basis for immediate global action to improve ecosystem stewardship as a major solution to climate change. AU - Griscom, Bronson W. AU - Adams, Justin AU - Ellis, Peter W. AU - Houghton, Richard A. AU - Lomax, Guy AU - Miteva, Daniela A. AU - Schlesinger, William H. AU - Shoch, David AU - Siikamäki, Juha V. AU - Smith, Pete AU - Woodbury, Peter AU - Zganjar, Chris AU - Blackman, Allen AU - Campari, João AU - Conant, Richard T. AU - Delgado, Christopher AU - Elias, Patricia AU - Gopalakrishna, Trisha AU - Hamsik, Marisa R. AU - Herrero, Mario AU - Kiesecker, Joseph AU - Landis, Emily AU - Laestadius, Lars AU - Leavitt, Sara M. AU - Minnemeyer, Susan AU - Polasky, Stephen AU - Potapov, Peter AU - Putz, Francis E. AU - Sanderman, Jonathan AU - Silvius, Marcel AU - Wollenberg, Eva AU - Fargione, Joseph DO - 10.1073/pnas.1710465114 IS - 44 PY - 2017 SP - 11645-11650 ST - Natural climate solutions T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Natural climate solutions VL - 114 ID - 25724 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Southern High Plains is anticipated to experience significant changes in temperature and precipitation due to climate change. These changes may influence the lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) in positive or negative ways. We assessed the potential changes in clutch size, incubation start date, and nest survival for lesser prairie-chickens for the years 2050 and 2080 based on modeled predictions of climate change and reproductive data for lesser prairie-chickens from 2001–2011 on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico. We developed 9 a priori models to assess the relationship between reproductive parameters and biologically relevant weather conditions. We selected weather variable(s) with the most model support and then obtained future predicted values from climatewizard.org. We conducted 1,000 simulations using each reproductive parameter’s linear equation obtained from regression calculations, and the future predicted value for each weather variable to predict future reproductive parameter values for lesser prairie-chickens. There was a high degree of model uncertainty for each reproductive value. Winter temperature had the greatest effect size for all three parameters, suggesting a negative relationship between above-average winter temperature and reproductive output. The above-average winter temperatures are correlated to La Niña events, which negatively affect lesser prairie-chickens through resulting drought conditions. By 2050 and 2080, nest survival was predicted to be below levels considered viable for population persistence; however, our assessment did not consider annual survival of adults, chick survival, or the positive benefit of habitat management and conservation, which may ultimately offset the potentially negative effect of drought on nest survival. AU - Grisham, Blake A. AU - Boal, Clint W. AU - Haukos, David A. AU - Davis, Dawn M. AU - Boydston, Kathy K. AU - Dixon, Charles AU - Heck, Willard R. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0068225 IS - 7 PY - 2013 SP - e68225 ST - The predicted influence of climate change on lesser prairie-chicken reproductive parameters T2 - PLOS ONE TI - The predicted influence of climate change on lesser prairie-chicken reproductive parameters VL - 8 ID - 25785 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Groffman, Peter M. AU - Cavender-Bares, Jeannine AU - Bettez, Neil D. AU - Grove, J. Morgan AU - Hall, Sharon J. AU - Heffernan, James B. AU - Hobbie, Sarah E. AU - Larson, Kelli L. AU - Morse, Jennifer L. AU - Neill, Christopher AU - Nelson, Kristen AU - O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath AU - Ogden, Laura AU - Pataki, Diane E. AU - Polsky, Colin AU - Chowdhury, Rinku Roy AU - Steele, Meredith K. DO - 10.1890/120374 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 74-81 ST - Ecological homogenization of urban USA T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Ecological homogenization of urban USA VL - 12 ID - 22988 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Groffman, Peter M. AU - Kareiva, Peter AU - Carter, Shawn AU - Grimm, Nancy B. AU - Lawler, Josh AU - Mack, Michelle AU - Matzek, Virginia AU - Tallis, Heather C4 - c343ebfa-929a-4ae6-b4ca-7e3a067e374a CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0TD9V7H PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 195-219 ST - Ch. 8: Ecosystems, biodiversity, and ecosystem services T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 8: Ecosystems, biodiversity, and ecosystem services ID - 8652 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Groffman, P.M. AU - Rustad, L.E. AU - Templer, P.H. AU - Campbell, J.L. AU - Christenson, L.M. AU - Lany, N.K. AU - Socci, A.M. AU - Vadeboncouer, M.A. AU - Schaberg, P.G. AU - Wilson, G.F. AU - Driscoll, C.T. AU - Fahey, Timothy J. AU - Fisk, M.C. AU - Goodale, C.L. AU - Green, M.B. AU - Hamburg, Steven P. AU - Johnson, C.E. AU - Mitchell, M.J. AU - Morse, J. L. AU - Pardo, L.H. AU - Rodenhouse, N.L. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1525/bio.2012.62.12.7 IS - 12 PY - 2012 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 1056-1066 ST - Long-term integrated studies show complex and surprising effects of climate change in the northern hardwood forest T2 - BioScience TI - Long-term integrated studies show complex and surprising effects of climate change in the northern hardwood forest VL - 62 ID - 13599 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Observed changes in intense precipitation (e.g., the frequency of very heavy precipitation or the upper 0.3% of daily precipitation events) have been analyzed for over half of the land area of the globe. These changes have been linked to changes in intense precipitation for three transient climate model simulations, all with greenhouse gas concentrations increasing during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries and doubling in the later part of the twenty-first century. It was found that both the empirical evidence from the period of instrumental observations and model projections of a greenhouse-enriched atmosphere indicate an increasing probability of intense precipitation events for many extratropical regions including the United States. Although there can be ambiguity as to the impact of more frequent heavy precipitation events, the thresholds of the definitions of these events were raised here, such that they are likely to be disruptive. Unfortunately, reliable assertions of very heavy and extreme precipitation changes are possible only for regions with dense networks due to the small radius of correlation for many intense precipitation events. AU - Groisman, Pavel Ya. AU - Knight, Richard W. AU - Easterling, David R. AU - Karl, Thomas R. AU - Hegerl, Gabriele C. AU - Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. DO - 10.1175/jcli3339.1 IS - 9 PY - 2005 SP - 1326-1350 ST - Trends in intense precipitation in the climate record T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Trends in intense precipitation in the climate record VL - 18 ID - 23525 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changes in several components of the hydrological cycle over the contiguous United States have been documented during the twentieth century: an increase of precipitation, especially heavy and very heavy precipitation, and a significant retreat in spring snow cover extent over western regions during the last few decades. These changes have affected streamflow, including the probability of high flow. In the eastern half of the United States a significant relationship is found between the frequency of heavy precipitation and high streamflow events both annually and during the months of maximum streamflow. Two factors contributed to finding such a relation: 1) the relatively small contribution of snowmelt to heavy runoff in the eastern United States (compared to the west), and 2) the presence of a sufficiently dense network of streamflow and precipitation gauges available for analysis. An increase of spring heavy precipitation events over the eastern United States indicates with high probability that during the twentieth century an increase of high streamflow conditions has also occurred. In the West, a statistically significant reduction of snow cover extent has complicated the relation between heavy precipitation and streamflow. Increases in peak stream flow have not been observed here, despite increases in heavy precipitation events, and less extensive snow cover is the likely cause. AU - Groisman, Pavel Ya. AU - Knight, Richard W. AU - Karl, Thomas R. DO - 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0219:hpahsi>2.3.co;2 IS - 2 PY - 2001 SP - 219-246 ST - Heavy precipitation and high streamflow in the contiguous United States: Trends in the twentieth century T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Heavy precipitation and high streamflow in the contiguous United States: Trends in the twentieth century VL - 82 ID - 20922 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In examining intense precipitation over the central United States, the authors consider only days with precipitation when the daily total is above 12.7 mm and focus only on these days and multiday events constructed from such consecutive precipitation days. Analyses show that over the central United States, a statistically significant redistribution in the spectra of intense precipitation days/events during the past decades has occurred. Moderately heavy precipitation events (within a 12.7–25.4 mm day−1 range) became less frequent compared to days and events with precipitation totals above 25.4 mm. During the past 31 yr (compared to the 1948–78 period), significant increases occurred in the frequency of “very heavy” (the daily rain events above 76.2 mm) and extreme precipitation events (defined as daily and multiday rain events with totals above 154.9 mm or 6 in.), with up to 40% increases in the frequency of days and multiday extreme rain events. Tropical cyclones associated with extreme precipitation do not significantly contribute to the changes reported in this study. With time, the internal precipitation structure (e.g., mean and maximum hourly precipitation rates within each preselected range of daily or multiday event totals) did not noticeably change. Several possible causes of observed changes in intense precipitation over the central United States are discussed and/or tested. AU - Groisman, P.Y. AU - Knight, R.W. AU - Karl, T.R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/JHM-D-11-039.1 KW - North America, ; Hydrologic cycle, ; Extreme events, ; Precipitation, ; In situ observations PY - 2012 SN - 1525-755X SP - 47-66 ST - Changes in intense precipitation over the central United States T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - Changes in intense precipitation over the central United States VL - 13 ID - 13601 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Over the contiguous United States, precipitation, temperature, streamflow, and heavy and very heavy precipitation have increased during the twentieth century. In the east, high streamflow has increased as well. Soil wetness (as described by the Keetch–Byram Drought index) has increased over the northern and eastern regions of the United States, but in the southwestern quadrant of the country soil dryness has increased, making the region more susceptible to forest fires. In addition to these changes during the past 50 yr, increases in evaporation, near-surface humidity, total cloud cover, and low stratiform and cumulonimbus clouds have been observed. Snow cover has diminished earlier in the year in the west, and a decrease in near-surface wind speed has also occurred in many areas. Much of the increase in heavy and very heavy precipitation has occurred during the past three decades. AU - Groisman, P.Y. AU - Knight, R.W. AU - Karl, T.R. AU - Easterling, D.R. AU - Sun, B. AU - Lawrimore, J.H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0064:CCOTHC>2.0.CO;2 IS - 1 PY - 2004 SN - 1525-755X SP - 64-85 ST - Contemporary changes of the hydrological cycle over the contiguous United States: Trends derived from in situ observations T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - Contemporary changes of the hydrological cycle over the contiguous United States: Trends derived from in situ observations VL - 5 ID - 13602 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gronewold, Andrew D. AU - Clites, Anne H. AU - Bruxer, Jacob AU - Kompoltowicz, Keith W. AU - Smith, Joeseph P. AU - Hunter, Timothy S. AU - Wong, Cary DO - 10.1029/2015EO026023 PY - 2015 SP - 14-17 ST - Water Levels Surge on Great Lakes T2 - Eos, Earth & Space Science News TI - Water Levels Surge on Great Lakes VL - 61 ID - 21156 ER - TY - JOUR AB - OBJECTIVES: We examined how individual and area socio-demographic characteristics independently modified the extreme heat (EH)-mortality association among elderly residents of 8 Michigan cities, May-September, 1990-2007. METHODS: In a time-stratified case-crossover design, we regressed cause-specific mortality against EH (indicator for 4-day mean, minimum, maximum or apparent temperature above 97th or 99th percentiles). We examined effect modification with interactions between EH and personal marital status, age, race, sex and education and ZIP-code percent “non-green space” (National Land Cover Dataset), age, race, income, education, living alone, and housing age (U.S. Census). RESULTS: In models including multiple effect modifiers, the odds of cardiovascular mortality during EH (99(th) percentile threshold) vs. non-EH were higher among non-married individuals (1.21, 95% CI = 1.14-1.28 vs. 0.98, 95% CI = 0.90-1.07 among married individuals) and individuals in ZIP codes with high (91%) non-green space (1.17, 95% CI = 1.06-1.29 vs. 0.98, 95% CI = 0.89-1.07 among individuals in ZIP codes with low (39%) non-green space). Results suggested that housing age may also be an effect modifier. For the EH-respiratory mortality association, the results were inconsistent between temperature metrics and percentile thresholds of EH but largely insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Green space, housing and social isolation may independently enhance elderly peoples’ heat-related cardiovascular mortality vulnerability. Local adaptation efforts should target areas and populations at greater risk. AU - Gronlund, Carina J. AU - Berrocal, Veronica J. AU - White-Newsome, Jalonne L. AU - Conlon, Kathryn C. AU - O'Neill, Marie S. DA - 11/25 DB - PMC DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.042 PY - 2015 SN - 0013-9351 1096-0953 SP - 449-461 ST - Vulnerability to extreme heat by socio-demographic characteristics and area green space among the elderly in Michigan, 1990-2007 T2 - Environmental Research TI - Vulnerability to extreme heat by socio-demographic characteristics and area green space among the elderly in Michigan, 1990-2007 VL - 136 ID - 21133 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Extreme heat (EH) is a growing concern with climate change, and protecting human health requires knowledge of vulnerability factors. We evaluated whether associations between EH (maximum temperature > 97th percentile) and hospitalization for renal, heat and respiratory diseases among people > 65 years differed by individual and area-level characteristics. We used Medicare billing records, airport weather data, U.S. Census data and satellite land cover imagery in 109 US cities, May-September, 1992-2006, in a time-stratified case-crossover design. Interaction terms between EH and individual (> 78 years, black race, sex) and home ZIP-code (percentages of non-green space, high school education, housing built before 1940) characteristics were incorporated in a single model. Next, we pooled city-specific effect estimates or regressed them on quartiles of air conditioning prevalence (ACP) in a multivariate random effects meta-analysis. EH and combined renal/heat/respiratory hospitalization associations were stronger among blacks, the very old, in ZIP codes with lower educational attainment or older housing and in cities with lower ACP. For example, for EH versus non-heat days, we found a 15% (95% CI 11%-19%) increase in renal/heat/respiratory hospitalizations among individuals in ZIP codes with higher percent of older homes in contrast to a 9% (95% CI 6%-12%) increase in hospitalizations in ZIP codes with lower percent older homes. Vulnerability to EH-associated hospitalization may be influenced by age, educational attainment, housing age and ACP. AU - Gronlund, Carina J. AU - Zanobetti, Antonella AU - Wellenius, Gregory A. AU - Schwartz, Joel D. AU - O’Neill, Marie S. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1638-9 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 631-645 ST - Vulnerability to renal, heat and respiratory hospitalizations during extreme heat among U.S. elderly T2 - Climatic Change TI - Vulnerability to renal, heat and respiratory hospitalizations during extreme heat among U.S. elderly VL - 136 ID - 21820 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Hansen, Andrew J. A2 - Monahan, William B. A2 - Olliff, S. Thomas A2 - Theobald, David M. AB - Most of the western United States is experiencing the effects of rapid and directional climate change (Garfin et al. 2013). These effects, along with forecasts of profound changes in the future, provide strong motivation for resource managers to learn about and prepare for future changes. Climate adaptation plans are based on an understanding of historic climate variation and their effects on ecosystems and on forecasts of future climate trends. Frameworks for climate adaptation thus universally identify the importance of a of historical, current, and projected climates (Glick, Stein, and Edelson 2011; Cross et al. 2013; Stein et al. 2014). Trends in physical climate variables are usually the basis for evaluating the exposure component in vulnerability assessments. Thus, this chapter focuses on step 2 of the Climate-Smart Conservation framework (chap. 2): vulnerability assessment. We present analyses of historical and current observations of temperature, precipitation, and other key climate measurements to provide context and a baseline for interpreting the ecological impacts of projected climate changes. AU - Gross, John E. AU - Tercek, Michael AU - Guay, Kevin AU - Talbert, Marian AU - Chang, Tony AU - Rodman, Ann AU - Thoma, David AU - Jantz, Patrick AU - Morisette, Jeffrey T. C4 - 15270295-e02f-45f4-b54d-90a3e74af438 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.5822/978-1-61091-713-1_4 PB - Island Press/Center for Resource Economics PY - 2016 SN - 978-1-61091-713-1 SP - 55-77 ST - Analyses of historical and projected climates to support climate adaptation in the northern Rocky Mountains T2 - Climate Change in Wildlands: Pioneering Approaches to Science and Management TI - Analyses of historical and projected climates to support climate adaptation in the northern Rocky Mountains ID - 21638 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Grossman, Z. AU - Parker, A. AU - Frank, B. C4 - d8c1f7f9-fb54-45d9-911e-4be513768d09 CY - Corvallis, OR PB - Oregon State University Press PY - 2012 SN - 9780870716638 SP - 240 ST - Asserting Native Resilience: Pacific Rim Indigenous Nations Face the Climate Crisis TI - Asserting Native Resilience: Pacific Rim Indigenous Nations Face the Climate Crisis ID - 13605 ER - TY - WEB AU - Groth, Paul AU - Moreau, Luc, Eds. PY - 2013 ST - PROV-Overview: An Overview of the PROV Family of Documents: W3C Working Group Note 30 April 2013 TI - PROV-Overview: An Overview of the PROV Family of Documents: W3C Working Group Note 30 April 2013 UR - http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-overview-20130430/ ID - 25131 ER - TY - JOUR AB - With hard-to-predict changes in future demand, climate, supply options, technological opportunities, and budgetary constraints, water agency plans should be flexible and robust, designed to meet agency goals over a wide range of plausible future conditions. But current state-of-the-art approaches to water planning make it difficult to craft flexible and robust plans to guide resource allocation and facilitate discussions with the agency’s constituents and ratepayers. This paper describes an innovative effort by one agency, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (termed Metropolitan), to begin to address these challenges. Metropolitan’s year 2010 integrated resources plan (IRP) update specifies resource allocations over 25 years and calls for an adaptive management approach to revisit these allocations over time. Using a quantitative decision support approach called robust decision-making (RDM), an enhanced version of Metropolitan’s main planning model was run, over many thousands of cases representing different combinations of assumptions about future demand, conditions in the bay/delta, climate conditions, local resource yields, and implementation challenges. Statistical cluster analysis on the resulting database of model runs identifies scenarios that succinctly summarize the types of future conditions in which the IRP core resources strategy does and does not meet its goals. These scenarios inform early warning indicators that can guide the adaptive management component of the IRP. The robust decision methods presented in this paper should prove broadly useful for Metropolitan in addition to other water agencies seeking to develop robust and adaptive plans in the face of uncertain future conditions. AU - Groves, David G. AU - Bloom, Evan AU - Lempert, Robert J. AU - Fischbach, Jordan R. AU - Nevills, Jennifer AU - Goshi, Brandon DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000471 IS - 7 PY - 2015 SP - 05014008 ST - Developing Key Indicators for Adaptive Water Planning T2 - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management TI - Developing Key Indicators for Adaptive Water Planning VL - 141 ID - 24183 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grubaugh, Nathan D. AU - Ladner, Jason T. AU - Kraemer, Moritz U. G. AU - Dudas, Gytis AU - Tan, Amanda L. AU - Gangavarapu, Karthik AU - Wiley, Michael R. AU - White, Stephen AU - Thézé, Julien AU - Magnani, Diogo M. AU - Prieto, Karla AU - Reyes, Daniel AU - Bingham, Andrea M. AU - Paul, Lauren M. AU - Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio AU - Oliveira, Glenn AU - Pronty, Darryl AU - Barcellona, Carolyn M. AU - Metsky, Hayden C. AU - Baniecki, Mary Lynn AU - Barnes, Kayla G. AU - Chak, Bridget AU - Freije, Catherine A. AU - Gladden-Young, Adrianne AU - Gnirke, Andreas AU - Luo, Cynthia AU - MacInnis, Bronwyn AU - Matranga, Christian B. AU - Park, Daniel J. AU - Qu, James AU - Schaffner, Stephen F. AU - Tomkins-Tinch, Christopher AU - West, Kendra L. AU - Winnicki, Sarah M. AU - Wohl, Shirlee AU - Yozwiak, Nathan L. AU - Quick, Joshua AU - Fauver, Joseph R. AU - Khan, Kamran AU - Brent, Shannon E. AU - Reiner Jr, Robert C. AU - Lichtenberger, Paola N. AU - Ricciardi, Michael J. AU - Bailey, Varian K. AU - Watkins, David I. AU - Cone, Marshall R. AU - Kopp Iv, Edgar W. AU - Hogan, Kelly N. AU - Cannons, Andrew C. AU - Jean, Reynald AU - Monaghan, Andrew J. AU - Garry, Robert F. AU - Loman, Nicholas J. AU - Faria, Nuno R. AU - Porcelli, Mario C. AU - Vasquez, Chalmers AU - Nagle, Elyse R. AU - Cummings, Derek A. T. AU - Stanek, Danielle AU - Rambaut, Andrew AU - Sanchez-Lockhart, Mariano AU - Sabeti, Pardis C. AU - Gillis, Leah D. AU - Michael, Scott F. AU - Bedford, Trevor AU - Pybus, Oliver G. AU - Isern, Sharon AU - Palacios, Gustavo AU - Andersen, Kristian G. DA - 06/15/print DO - 10.1038/nature22400 IS - 7658 M3 - Letter PY - 2017 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 401-405 ST - Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States T2 - Nature TI - Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States VL - 546 ID - 22073 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gruber, N. AU - Hauri, C. AU - Lachkar, Z. AU - Loher, D. AU - Frölicher, T.L. AU - Plattner, G.K. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1126/science.1216773 IS - 6091 PY - 2012 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 220-223 ST - Rapid progression of ocean acidification in the California Current System T2 - Science TI - Rapid progression of ocean acidification in the California Current System VL - 337 ID - 13614 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gruenig, Bob AU - Lynn, Kathy AU - Voggesser, Garrit AU - Whyte, Kyle Powys CY - Eugene, OR PB - Tribal Climate Change Project (TCCP) PY - 2015 SP - 20 ST - Tribal Climate Change Principles: Responding to Federal Policies and Actions to Address Climate Change. [Unpulished report on file with TCCP] TI - Tribal Climate Change Principles: Responding to Federal Policies and Actions to Address Climate Change. [Unpulished report on file with TCCP] UR - https://tribalclimate.uoregon.edu/files/2010/11/Tribal-Climate-Change-Principles_2015-148jghk.pdf ID - 24978 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Plant ecologists have long been concerned with a seemingly paradoxical scenario in the relationship between plant growth and climate change: warming may actually increase the risk of plant frost damage. The underlying hypothesis is that mild winters and warm, early springs, which are expected to occur as the climate warms, may induce premature plant development, resulting in exposure of vulnerable plant tissues and organs to subsequent late-season frosts. The 2007 spring freeze in the eastern United States provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate this hypothesis and assess its large-scale consequences. In this article, we contrast the rapid prefreeze phenological advancement caused by unusually warm conditions with the dramatic postfreeze setback, and report complicated patterns of freeze damage to plants. The widespread devastation of crops and natural vegetation occasioned by this event demonstrates the need to consider large fluctuations in spring temperatures a real threat to terrestrial ecosystem structure and functioning in a warming climate. AU - Gu, Lianhong AU - Hanson, Paul J. AU - Post, W. Mac AU - Kaiser, Dale P. AU - Yang, Bai AU - Nemani, Ramakrishna AU - Pallardy, Stephen G. AU - Meyers, Tilden DO - 10.1641/B580311 IS - 3 N1 - 10.1641/B580311 PY - 2008 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 253-262 ST - The 2007 eastern US spring freeze: Increased cold damage in a warming world? T2 - BioScience TI - The 2007 eastern US spring freeze: Increased cold damage in a warming world? VL - 58 ID - 21819 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guan, Bin AU - Molotch, Noah P. AU - Waliser, Duane E. AU - Fetzer, Eric J. AU - Neiman, Paul J. DO - 10.1029/2010GL044696 IS - 20 KW - extreme snowfall Sierra Nevada atmospheric river snow water equivalent surface air temperature 1817 Extreme events 1840 Hydrometeorology 1807 Climate impacts PY - 2010 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L20401 ST - Extreme snowfall events linked to atmospheric rivers and surface air temperature via satellite measurements T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Extreme snowfall events linked to atmospheric rivers and surface air temperature via satellite measurements VL - 37 ID - 19738 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guardiola-Claramonte, M. AU - Troch, Peter A. AU - Breshears, David D. AU - Huxman, Travis E. AU - Switanek, Matthew B. AU - Durcik, Matej AU - Cobb, Neil S. DA - 2011/09/06/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.06.017 IS - 3 KW - Die-off Piñon pine () Water yield Runoff coefficient Drought Southwestern USA PY - 2011 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 225-233 ST - Decreased streamflow in semi-arid basins following drought-induced tree die-off: A counter-intuitive and indirect climate impact on hydrology T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Decreased streamflow in semi-arid basins following drought-induced tree die-off: A counter-intuitive and indirect climate impact on hydrology VL - 406 ID - 21995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guarino, Julia PY - 2016 SP - 89-111 ST - Protecting traditional water resources: Legal options for preserving tribal non-consumptive water use T2 - Public Land and Resources Law Review TI - Protecting traditional water resources: Legal options for preserving tribal non-consumptive water use UR - http://scholarship.law.umt.edu/plrlr/vol37/iss1/3/ VL - 37 ID - 21670 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gubernot, Diane M. AU - Anderson, G. Brooke AU - Hunting, Katherine L. DO - 10.1002/ajim.22381 IS - 2 KW - heat exposure occupational health workplace health and safety climate change PY - 2015 SN - 1097-0274 SP - 203-211 ST - Characterizing occupational heat-related mortality in the United States, 2000–2010: An analysis using the census of fatal occupational injuries database T2 - American Journal of Industrial Medicine TI - Characterizing occupational heat-related mortality in the United States, 2000–2010: An analysis using the census of fatal occupational injuries database VL - 58 ID - 24322 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gubler, D.J. AU - Ramirez, J. AU - Burton, R. IS - 31 PY - 2007 SP - 785-789 ST - Dengue hemorrhagic fever—U.S.-Mexico border, 2005 T2 - MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report TI - Dengue hemorrhagic fever—U.S.-Mexico border, 2005 UR - https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5631a1.htm VL - 56 ID - 23243 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gubler, Duane J. AU - Reiter, Paul AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Yap, Wendy AU - Nasci, Roger AU - Patz, Jonathan A. DO - 10.2307/3435012 IS - Supplement 2 N1 - Ch4,9 PY - 2001 SN - 00916765 SP - 223-233 ST - Climate variability and change in the United States: Potential impacts on vector- and rodent-borne diseases T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Climate variability and change in the United States: Potential impacts on vector- and rodent-borne diseases VL - 109 ID - 16481 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Guenther, Robin AU - Balbus, John PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services PY - 2014 ST - Primary Protection: Enhancing Health Care Resilience for a Changing Climate TI - Primary Protection: Enhancing Health Care Resilience for a Changing Climate UR - https://toolkit.climate.gov/sites/default/files/SCRHCFI%20Best%20Practices%20Report%20final2%202014%20Web.pdf ID - 19365 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Guerrero, Bridget AU - Amosson, Steve AU - McCollum, Ted CY - College Station, TX PB - Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service PY - 2013 SN - AG-001 SP - 17 ST - The Impact of the Beef Industry in the Southern Ogallala Region TI - The Impact of the Beef Industry in the Southern Ogallala Region UR - http://mediad.publicbroadcasting.net/p/hppr/files/201309/Impact_of_the_Beef_Industry.pdf ID - 25567 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Boundary organizations, knowledge networks, and information brokers have been suggested as mechanisms that help integrate information into decision-making and enhance interactions between the producers and users of climate information. While these mechanisms have been discussed in many studies in disparate fields of research, there has been little empirical research describing how they relate and support each other within studies on climate services. In this paper, two Caribbean Regional Climate Outlook Forums (CariCOFs) convened in 2014 are studied. CariCOFs facilitate the production of regional seasonal climate information and the dissemination of it to a diverse climate and socioeconomic region. Network analysis, key informant interviews, and small group discussions were used to answer two questions: 1) what are the barriers to using seasonal climate forecasts (SCFs) by CariCOF participants and 2) what are the iterative processes of information exchange that address these barriers? The barriers to using SCF include difficulty in demonstrating the value of the forecast to potential users, difficulty in interpreting and explaining the forecast to others, and challenges associated with the scientific language used in the information. To address these constraints, the convener of the CariCOF acts as a boundary organization by enabling interactions between participants representing diverse sectoral and geographic settings. This develops a network that helps build shared scientific understanding and knowledge about how different sectors experience climate risk. These interactions guide information brokering activities that help individuals communicate and translate climate information to facilitate understanding at local levels. AU - Guido, Zack AU - Rountree, Valerie AU - Greene, Christina AU - Gerlak, Andrea AU - Trotman, Adrian DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-15-0076.1 IS - 3 KW - Forecasting,Seasonal forecasting,Applications,Communications/decision making,Societal impacts PY - 2016 SP - 285-298 ST - Connecting climate information producers and users: Boundary organization, knowledge networks, and information brokers at Caribbean Climate Outlook forums T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Connecting climate information producers and users: Boundary organization, knowledge networks, and information brokers at Caribbean Climate Outlook forums VL - 8 ID - 22072 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Lake Champlain basin is a critical ecological and socioeconomic resource of the northeastern United States and southern Quebec, Canada. While general circulation models (GCMs) provide an overview of climate change in the region, they lack the spatial and temporal resolution necessary to fully anticipate the effects of rising global temperatures associated with increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Observed trends in precipitation and temperature were assessed across the Lake Champlain basin to bridge the gap between global climate change and local impacts. Future shifts in precipitation and temperature were evaluated as well as derived indices, including maple syrup production, days above 32.2°C (90°F), and snowfall, relevant to managing the natural and human environments in the region. Four statistically downscaled, bias-corrected GCM simulations were evaluated from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) forced by two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) to sample the uncertainty in future climate simulations. Precipitation is projected to increase by between 9.1 and 12.8 mm yr−1 decade−1 during the twenty-first century while daily temperatures are projected to increase between 0.43° and 0.49°C decade−1. Annual snowfall at six major ski resorts in the region is projected to decrease between 46.9% and 52.4% by the late twenty-first century. In the month of July, the number of days above 32.2°C in Burlington, Vermont, is projected to increase by over 10 days during the twenty-first century. AU - Guilbert, Justin AU - Beckage, Brian AU - Winter, Jonathan M. AU - Horton, Radley M. AU - Perkins, Timothy AU - Bomblies, Arne DO - 10.1175/jamc-d-13-0338.1 IS - 8 KW - North America,Climate change,Climate prediction,Climate records,Climate models,Societal impacts PY - 2014 SP - 1861-1875 ST - Impacts of projected climate change over the Lake Champlain basin in Vermont T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - Impacts of projected climate change over the Lake Champlain basin in Vermont VL - 53 ID - 21818 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guilbert, Justin AU - Betts, Alan K. AU - Rizzo, Donna M. AU - Beckage, Brian AU - Bomblies, Arne DO - 10.1002/2015GL063124 IS - 6 KW - precipitation climate change persistent precipitation intense precipitation 1637 Regional climate change 1616 Climate variability 1719 Hydrology 1807 Climate impacts 1817 Extreme events PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 1888-1893 ST - Characterization of increased persistence and intensity of precipitation in the northeastern United States T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Characterization of increased persistence and intensity of precipitation in the northeastern United States VL - 42 ID - 21817 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Analyses of observed non-Gaussian daily minimum and maximum temperature probability distribution functions (PDFs) in the Southwest US highlight the importance of variance and warm tail length in determining future heat wave probability. Even if no PDF shape change occurs with climate change, locations with shorter warm tails and/or smaller variance will see a greater increase in heat wave probability, defined as exceedances above the historical 95th percentile threshold, than will long tailed/larger variance distributions. Projections from ten downscaled CMIP5 models show important geospatial differences in the amount of warming expected for a location. However, changes in heat wave probability do not directly follow changes in background warming. Projected changes in heat wave probability are largely explained by a rigid shift of the daily temperature distribution. In some locations where there is more warming, future heat wave probability is buffered somewhat by longer warm tails. In other parts of the Southwest where there is less warming, heat wave probability is relatively enhanced because of shorter tailed PDFs. Effects of PDF shape changes are generally small by comparison to those from a rigid shift, and fall within the range of uncertainty among models in the amount of warming expected by the end of the century. AU - Guirguis, Kristen AU - Gershunov, Alexander AU - Cayan, Daniel R. AU - Pierce, David W. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s00382-017-3850-3 IS - 9-10 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 3853-3864 ST - Heat wave probability in the changing climate of the Southwest US T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Heat wave probability in the changing climate of the Southwest US VL - 50 ID - 25968 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study examines the health impacts of recent heat waves statewide and for six subregions of California: the north and south coasts, the Central Valley, the Mojave Desert, southern deserts, and northern forests. By using canonical correlation analysis applied to daily maximum temperatures and morbidity data in the form of unscheduled hospitalizations from 1999 to 2009, 19 heat waves spanning 3?15 days in duration that had a significant impact on health were identified. On average, hospital admissions were found to increase by 7% on the peak heat-wave day, with a significant impact seen for several disease categories, including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, dehydration, acute renal failure, heat illness, and mental health. Statewide, there were 11 000 excess hospitalizations that were due to extreme heat over the period, yet the majority of impactful events were not accompanied by a heat advisory or warning from the National Weather Service. On a regional basis, the strongest health impacts are seen in the Central Valley and the north and south coasts. The north coast contributes disproportionately to the statewide health impact during heat waves, with a 10.5% increase in daily morbidity at heat-wave peak as compared with 8.1% for the Central Valley and 5.6% for the south coast. The temperature threshold at which an impact is seen varies by subregion and timing within the season. These results suggest that heat-warning criteria should consider local percentile thresholds to account for acclimation to local climatological conditions as well as the seasonal timing of a forecast heat wave. AU - Guirguis, Kristen AU - Gershunov, Alexander AU - Tardy, Alexander AU - Basu, Rupa DA - 2014/01/01 DO - 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0130.1 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SN - 1558-8424 SP - 3-19 ST - The impact of recent heat waves on human health in California T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - The impact of recent heat waves on human health in California VL - 53 Y2 - 2015/03/03 ID - 18489 ER - TY - WEB AU - Gulf Coast Prairie Landscape Conservation Cooperative CY - Corvallis, OR PB - Conservation Biology Institute PY - 2018 ST - Conservation Planning Atlas [web tool] TI - Conservation Planning Atlas [web tool] UR - http://gcplcc.databasin.org ID - 25798 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abiotic conditions (e.g., temperature and pH) fluctuate through time in most marine environments, sometimes passing intensity thresholds that induce physiological stress. Depending on habitat and season, the peak intensity of different abiotic stressors can occur in or out of phase with one another. Thus, some organisms are exposed to multiple stressors simultaneously, whereas others experience them sequentially. Understanding these physicochemical dynamics is critical because how organisms respond to multiple stressors depends on the magnitude and relative timing of each stressor. Here, we first discuss broad patterns of covariation between stressors in marine systems at various temporal scales. We then describe how these dynamics will influence physiological responses to multi-stressor exposures. Finally, we summarize how multi-stressor effects are currently assessed. We find that multi-stressor experiments have rarely incorporated naturalistic physicochemical variation into their designs, and emphasize the importance of doing so to make ecologically relevant inferences about physiological responses to global change. AU - Gunderson, Alex R. AU - Armstrong, Eric J. AU - Stillman, Jonathon H. DO - 10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-033953 IS - 1 KW - climate change,environmental fluctuation,intertidal,temperature,ocean acidification,multi-stressor PY - 2016 SP - 357-378 ST - Multiple stressors in a changing world: The need for an improved perspective on physiological responses to the dynamic marine environment T2 - Annual Review of Marine Science TI - Multiple stressors in a changing world: The need for an improved perspective on physiological responses to the dynamic marine environment VL - 8 ID - 24831 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guo, Hongyu AU - Weaver, Carolyn AU - Charles, Sean P. AU - Whitt, Ashley AU - Dastidar, Sayantani AU - D'Odorico, Paolo AU - Fuentes, Jose D. AU - Kominoski, John S. AU - Armitage, Anna R. AU - Pennings, Steven C. DO - 10.1002/ecy.1698 IS - 3 KW - coastal ecosystem ecosystem function foundation species mangrove regime shift salt marsh PY - 2017 SN - 1939-9170 SP - 762-772 ST - Coastal regime shifts: Rapid responses of coastal wetlands to changes in mangrove cover T2 - Ecology TI - Coastal regime shifts: Rapid responses of coastal wetlands to changes in mangrove cover VL - 98 ID - 24323 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guo, Qinghua AU - Kelly, Maggi AU - Graham, Catherine H. DA - 2005/02/25/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.07.012 IS - 1 KW - Geographic information systems Support vector machines Potential disease spread Sudden Oak Death PY - 2005 SN - 0304-3800 SP - 75-90 ST - Support vector machines for predicting distribution of Sudden Oak Death in California T2 - Ecological Modelling TI - Support vector machines for predicting distribution of Sudden Oak Death in California VL - 182 ID - 23773 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gustine, David D. AU - Brinkman, Todd J. AU - Lindgren, Michael A. AU - Schmidt, Jennifer I. AU - Rupp, T. Scott AU - Adams, Layne G. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0100588 IS - 7 PY - 2014 SP - e100588 ST - Climate-driven effects of fire on winter habitat for caribou in the Alaskan-Yukon arctic T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Climate-driven effects of fire on winter habitat for caribou in the Alaskan-Yukon arctic VL - 9 ID - 22208 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Gutierrez, Benjamin T. AU - Plant, Nathaniel G. AU - Pendleton, Elizabeth A. AU - Thieler, E. Robert CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/ofr20141083 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2014 SN - USGS Open-File Report 2014–1083 SP - 26 ST - Using a Bayesian Network to Predict Shore-Line Change Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of the United States TI - Using a Bayesian Network to Predict Shore-Line Change Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of the United States ID - 26192 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gutierrez, Benjamin T. AU - Plant, Nathaniel G. AU - Thieler, E. Robert AU - Turecek, Aaron DO - 10.1002/2015JF003671 IS - 12 KW - barrier island coastal evolution Bayesian network Assateague Island skill validation 3245 Probabilistic forecasting 4217 Coastal processes 4307 Methods 4324 Spatial decision support systems PY - 2015 SN - 2169-9011 SP - 2452-2475 ST - Using a Bayesian network to predict barrier island geomorphologic characteristics T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface TI - Using a Bayesian network to predict barrier island geomorphologic characteristics VL - 120 ID - 21816 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Titus, James G. AU - Gutierrez, Benjamin T. AU - Williams, S. Jeffress AU - Thieler, E. Robert C4 - 0fe018b1-0ae5-4480-a662-0d2c1d6ee5ee CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) PY - 2009 SP - 43-56 ST - Ocean coasts SV - CCSP SAP 4.1 T2 - Coastal Sensitivity to Sea-Level Rise: A Focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region TI - Ocean coasts UR - http://www.globalchange.gov/sites/globalchange/files/sap4-1-final-report-all.pdf ID - 21890 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gutierrez, Kristie AU - LePrevost, Catherine DO - 10.3390/ijerph13020189 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 189 ST - Climate justice in rural southeastern United States: A review of climate change impacts and effects on human health T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Climate justice in rural southeastern United States: A review of climate change impacts and effects on human health VL - 13 ID - 25327 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Determining the role of weather in waterborne infections is a priority public health research issue as climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of extreme precipitation and temperature events. To document the current knowledge on this topic, we performed a literature review of analytical research studies that have combined epidemiological and meteorological data in order to analyze associations between extreme precipitation or temperature and waterborne disease. AU - Guzman Herrador, Bernardo R. AU - de Blasio, Birgitte Freiesleben AU - MacDonald, Emily AU - Nichols, Gordon AU - Sudre, Bertrand AU - Vold, Line AU - Semenza, Jan C. AU - Nygård, Karin DA - March 27 DO - 10.1186/s12940-015-0014-y IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1476-069X SP - 29 ST - Analytical studies assessing the association between extreme precipitation or temperature and drinking water-related waterborne infections: A review T2 - Environmental Health TI - Analytical studies assessing the association between extreme precipitation or temperature and drinking water-related waterborne infections: A review VL - 14 ID - 26105 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Santa Ana Winds (SAWs) are an integral feature of the regional climate of Southern California/Northern Baja California region, but their climate-scale behavior is poorly understood. In the present work, we identify SAWs in mesoscale dynamical downscaling of a global reanalysis from 1948 to 2012. Model winds are validated with anemometer observations. SAWs exhibit an organized pattern with strongest easterly winds on westward facing downwind slopes and muted magnitudes at sea and over desert lowlands. We construct hourly local and regional SAW indices and analyze elements of their behavior on daily, annual, and multidecadal timescales. SAWs occurrences peak in winter, but some of the strongest winds have occurred in fall. Finally, we observe that SAW intensity is influenced by prominent large-scale low-frequency modes of climate variability rooted in the tropical and north Pacific ocean-atmosphere system. AU - Guzman-Morales, Janin AU - Gershunov, Alexander AU - Theiss, Jurgen AU - Li, Haiqin AU - Cayan, Daniel DO - 10.1002/2016GL067887 IS - 6 PY - 2016 SP - 2827-2834 ST - Santa Ana winds of Southern California: Their climatology, extremes, and behavior spanning six and a half decades T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Santa Ana winds of Southern California: Their climatology, extremes, and behavior spanning six and a half decades VL - 43 ID - 26362 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ha, Sandie AU - Liu, Danping AU - Zhu, Yeyi AU - Kim, Sung Soo AU - Sherman, Seth AU - Mendola, Pauline DO - 10.1289/EHP97 PY - 2017 SP - 453-459 ST - Ambient temperature and early delivery of singleton pregnancies T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Ambient temperature and early delivery of singleton pregnancies VL - 125 ID - 24122 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat has been known to increase the risk of many health endpoints. However, few studies have examined its effects on stroke. The objective of this case-crossover study is to investigate the effects of high heat and its effect modifiers on the risk of stroke hospitalization in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. AU - Ha, Sandie AU - Talbott, Evelyn O. AU - Kan, Haidong AU - Prins, Cindy A. AU - Xu, Xiaohui DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s00420-013-0897-2 IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1432-1246 SP - 557-565 ST - The effects of heat stress and its effect modifiers on stroke hospitalizations in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania T2 - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health TI - The effects of heat stress and its effect modifiers on stroke hospitalizations in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania VL - 87 ID - 23774 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ha, Sandie AU - Zhu, Yeyi AU - Liu, Danping AU - Sherman, Seth AU - Mendola, Pauline DA - 2017/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.021 KW - Temperature Climate change Fetal growth Low birthweight SGA PY - 2017 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 394-400 ST - Ambient temperature and air quality in relation to small for gestational age and term low birthweight T2 - Environmental Research TI - Ambient temperature and air quality in relation to small for gestational age and term low birthweight VL - 155 ID - 25135 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Haasnoot, Marjolijn AU - Kwakkel, Jan H. AU - Walker, Warren E. AU - ter Maat, Judith DA - 2013/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006 IS - 2 KW - Uncertainty Policymaking Adaptation pathways Adaptive policies Water management Rhine delta PY - 2013 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 485-498 ST - Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world VL - 23 ID - 25878 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Exposures to dangerously high temperatures are a public health threat expected to increase with global climate change. Heat waves exacerbate the risks associated with heat exposure, and urban residents are particularly vulnerable to threats of heat waves due to the urban heat island effect. To understand how heat waves are changing over time, we examine changes in four heat wave characteristics from 1961 to 2010, frequency, duration, intensity, and timing, in 50 large US cities. Our purpose in measuring these trends is to assess the extent to which urban populations are increasingly exposed to heat-related health hazards resulting from changing trends in extreme heat. We find each of these heat wave characteristics to be rising significantly when measured over a five-decade period, with the annual number of heat waves increasing by 0.6 heat waves per decade for the average US city. Additionally, on average, we find the length of heat waves to be increasing by a fifth of a day, the intensity to be increasing 0.1 A degrees C above local thresholds, and the length of the heat wave season (time between first and last heat wave) to be increasing by 6 days per decade. The regions most at risk due to increasing heat wave trends must plan appropriately to manage this growing threat by enhancing emergency preparedness plans and minimizing the urban heat island effect. AU - Habeeb, D. AU - Vargo, J. AU - Stone, B. DA - Apr DO - 10.1007/s11069-014-1563-z IS - 3 KW - heat Vulnerability UHI health urban climate change PY - 2015 SN - 0921-030X SP - 1651-1665 ST - Rising heat wave trends in large US cities T2 - Natural Hazards TI - Rising heat wave trends in large US cities VL - 76 ID - 22742 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many of the world's largest cities face risk of sea-level rise (SLR) induced flooding owing to their limited elevations and proximities to the coastline. Within this century, global mean sea level is expected to reach magnitudes that will exceed the ground elevation of some built infrastructure. The concurrent rise of coastal groundwater will produce additional sources of inundation resulting from narrowing and loss of the vertical unsaturated subsurface space. This has implications for the dense network of buried and low-lying infrastructure that exists across urban coastal zones. Here, we describe a modeling approach that simulates narrowing of the unsaturated space and groundwater inundation (GWI) generated by SLR-induced lifting of coastal groundwater. The methodology combines terrain modeling, groundwater monitoring, estimation of tidal influence, and numerical groundwater-flow modeling to simulate future flood scenarios considering user-specified tide stages and magnitudes of SLR. We illustrate the value of the methodology by applying it to the heavily urbanized and low-lying Waikiki area of Honolulu, Hawaii. Results indicate that SLR of nearly 1 m generates GWI across 23% of the 13 km2 study area, threatening $5 billion of taxable real estate and 48 km of roadway. Analysis of current conditions reveals that 86% of 259 active cesspool sites in the study area are likely inundated. This suggests that cesspool effluent is currently entering coastal groundwater, which not only leads to degradation of coastal environments, but also presents a future threat to public health as GWI would introduce effluent at the ground surface. AU - Habel, Shellie AU - Fletcher, Charles H. AU - Rotzoll, Kolja AU - El-Kadi, Aly I. DA - 2017/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.035 DP - ScienceDirect KW - sea-level rise Groundwater inundation Groundwater modeling Hazard assessment Tidal flooding PY - 2017 SN - 0043-1354 SP - 122-134 ST - Development of a model to simulate groundwater inundation induced by sea-level rise and high tides in Honolulu, Hawaii T2 - Water Research TI - Development of a model to simulate groundwater inundation induced by sea-level rise and high tides in Honolulu, Hawaii VL - 114 ID - 22443 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hadka, David AU - Herman, Jonathan AU - Reed, Patrick AU - Keller, Klaus DA - 2015/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.07.014 KW - Robust decision making Deep uncertainty Threshold Scenario discovery Risk assessment Robustness PY - 2015 SN - 1364-8152 SP - 114-129 ST - An open source framework for many-objective robust decision making T2 - Environmental Modelling & Software TI - An open source framework for many-objective robust decision making VL - 74 ID - 24487 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Pacific region presents some of the lowest water and sanitation coverage figures globally, with some countries showing stagnating or even declining access to improved water and sanitation. In addition, Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are among the most vulnerable countries on the globe to extreme and variable climatic events and sea-level rise caused by climate change. By exploring the state of water and sanitation coverage in PICs and projected climatic variations, we add to the growing case for conserving water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions within a holistic integrated water resource management (IWRM) framework. PICs face unique challenges of increasing variability in rainfall (leading to drought and flooding), increasing temperatures, and likely higher than average sea-level rise, all of which impact on freshwater security. Add to this geographic and economic isolation, and limited human and physical resources, and the challenge of WASH provision increases dramatically. In this setting, there is a stronger case than ever for adopting a holistic systems understanding, as promoted by IWRM frameworks, to WASH interventions so that they consider past and current challenges as well as future scenarios. AU - Hadwen, Wade L. AU - Powell, Bronwyn AU - MacDonald, Morgan C. AU - Elliott, Mark AU - Chan, Terence AU - Gernjak, Wolfgang AU - Aalbersberg, William G. L. DA - 2015/06/01/ DO - 10.2166/washdev.2015.133 DP - washdev.iwaponline.com IS - 2 LA - en PY - 2015 SN - 2043-9083, 2408-9362 SP - 183-191 ST - Putting WASH in the water cycle: Climate change, water resources and the future of water, sanitation and hygiene challenges in Pacific Island Countries T2 - Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development TI - Putting WASH in the water cycle: Climate change, water resources and the future of water, sanitation and hygiene challenges in Pacific Island Countries VL - 5 Y2 - 2017/09/26/20:15:14 ID - 22444 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hagen, Scott C. AU - Bacopoulos, Peter DO - 10.3319/TAO.2012.04.17.01(WMH) PY - 2012 SP - 481-500 ST - Coastal flooding in Florida’s Big Bend Region with application to sea level rise based on synthetic storms analysis T2 - Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Journal TI - Coastal flooding in Florida’s Big Bend Region with application to sea level rise based on synthetic storms analysis VL - 23 ID - 24576 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hagenstad, Marca AU - Burakowski, Elizabeth AU - Hill, Rebecca CY - Boulder, CO PB - Protect Our Winters and REI Co-op PY - 2018 SP - 69 ST - The Economic Contributions of Winter Sports in a Changing Climate TI - The Economic Contributions of Winter Sports in a Changing Climate UR - https://protectourwinters.org/2018-economic-report/ ID - 26193 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Haggerty, Brendon AU - York, Emily AU - Early-Alberts, Julie AU - Cude, Curtis CY - Portland, OR PB - Oregon Health Authority PY - 2014 SP - 87 ST - Oregon Climate and Health Profile Report TI - Oregon Climate and Health Profile Report UR - http://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/HEALTHYENVIRONMENTS/CLIMATECHANGE/Documents/oregon-climate-and-health-profile-report.pdf ID - 24754 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hagos, Samson M. AU - Leung, L. Ruby AU - Yoon, Jin-Ho AU - Lu, Jian AU - Gao, Yang DO - 10.1002/2015GL067392 IS - 3 KW - atmospheric rivers extreme precipitation climate change global warming moisture transport flooding 1637 Regional climate change 1622 Earth system modeling 1854 Precipitation 1821 Floods 3337 Global climate models PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 1357-1363 ST - A projection of changes in landfalling atmospheric river frequency and extreme precipitation over western North America from the Large Ensemble CESM simulations T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - A projection of changes in landfalling atmospheric river frequency and extreme precipitation over western North America from the Large Ensemble CESM simulations VL - 43 ID - 19739 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A 52-yr record of dissolved oxygen in Chesapeake Bay (1950–2001) and a record of nitrate (NO3 −) loading by the Susquehanna River spanning a longer period (1903, 1945–2001) were assembled to describe the long-term pattern of hypoxia and anoxia in Chesapeake Bay and its relationship to NO3 − loading. The effect of freshwater inflow on NO3 − loading and hypoxia was also examined to characterize its effect at internannual and longer time scales. Year to year variability in river flow accounted for some of the observed changes in hypoxic volume, but the long-term increase was not due to increased river flow. From 1950–2001, the volume of hypoxic water in mid summer increased substantially and at an accelerating rate. Predicted anoxic volume (DO<0.2 mg I−1) at average river flow increased from zero in 1950 to 3.6×109 m3 in 2001. Severe hypoxia (DO<1.0 mg I−1) increased from 1.6×109 to 6.5×109 m3 over the same period, while mild hypoxia (DO<2.0 mg I−1) increased from 3.4×109 to 9.2×109 m3. NO3 − concentrations in the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, increased up to 3-fold from 1945 to a 1989 maximum and declined through 2001. On a decadal average basis, the superposition of changes in river flow on the long-term increase in NO3 − resulted in a 2-fold increase in NO3 − loading from the Susquehanna River during the 1960s to 1970s. Decadal average loads were subsequently stable through the 1990s. Hypoxia was positively correlated with NO3 − loading, but more extensive hypoxia was observed in recent years than would be expected from the observed relationship. The results suggested that the Bay may have become more susceptible to NO3 − loading. To eliminate or greatly reduce anoxia will require reducing average annual total nitrogen loading to the Maryland mainstem Bay to 50×106 kg yr−1, a reduction of 40% from recent levels. AU - Hagy, James D. AU - Boynton, Walter R. AU - Keefe, Carolyn W. AU - Wood, Kathryn V. DA - August 01 DO - 10.1007/bf02907650 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2004 SN - 0160-8347 SP - 634-658 ST - Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay, 1950–2001: Long-term change in relation to nutrient loading and river flow T2 - Estuaries TI - Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay, 1950–2001: Long-term change in relation to nutrient loading and river flow VL - 27 ID - 25566 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Aedes ( Stegomyia ) aegypti (L.) and Aedes ( Stegomyia ) albopictus (Skuse) transmit arboviruses that are increasing threats to human health in the Americas, particularly dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Epidemics of the associated arboviral diseases have been limited to South and Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean in the Western Hemisphere, with only minor localized outbreaks in the United States. Nevertheless, accurate and up-to-date information for the geographical ranges of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the United States is urgently needed to guide surveillance and enhance control capacity for these mosquitoes. We compiled county records for presence of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the United States from 1995-2016, presented here in map format. Records were derived from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ArboNET database, VectorMap, the published literature, and a survey of mosquito control agencies, university researchers, and state and local health departments. Between January 1995 and March 2016, 183 counties from 26 states and the District of Columbia reported occurrence of Ae. aegypti , and 1,241 counties from 40 states and the District of Columbia reported occurrence of Ae. albopictus . During the same time period, Ae. aegypti was collected in 3 or more years from 94 counties from 14 states and the District of Columbia, and Ae. albopictus was collected during 3 or more years from 514 counties in 34 states and the District of Columbia. Our findings underscore the need for systematic surveillance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the United States and delineate areas with risk for the transmission of these introduced arboviruses. AU - Hahn, Micah B. AU - Eisen, Rebecca J. AU - Eisen, Lars AU - Boegler, Karen A. AU - Moore, Chester G. AU - McAllister, Janet AU - Savage, Harry M. AU - Mutebi, John-Paul DO - 10.1093/jme/tjw072 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SN - 0022-2585 SP - 1169-1175 ST - Reported distribution of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus in the United States, 1995-2016 (Diptera: Culicidae) T2 - Journal of Medical Entomology TI - Reported distribution of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus in the United States, 1995-2016 (Diptera: Culicidae) VL - 53 ID - 21178 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In addition to serving as vectors of several other human pathogens, the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, and western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls, are the primary vectors of the spirochete ( Borrelia burgdorferi ) that causes Lyme disease, the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Over the past two decades, the geographic range of I. pacificus has changed modestly while, in contrast, the I. scapularis range has expanded substantially, which likely contributes to the concurrent expansion in the distribution of human Lyme disease cases in the Northeastern, North-Central and Mid-Atlantic states. Identifying counties that contain suitable habitat for these ticks that have not yet reported established vector populations can aid in targeting limited vector surveillance resources to areas where tick invasion and potential human risk are likely to occur. We used county-level vector distribution information and ensemble modeling to map the potential distribution of I. scapularis and I. pacificus in the contiguous United States as a function of climate, elevation, and forest cover. Results show that I. pacificus is currently present within much of the range classified by our model as suitable for establishment. In contrast, environmental conditions are suitable for I. scapularis to continue expanding its range into northwestern Minnesota, central and northern Michigan, within the Ohio River Valley, and inland from the southeastern and Gulf coasts. Overall, our ensemble models show suitable habitat for I. scapularis in 441 eastern counties and for I. pacificus in 11 western counties where surveillance records have not yet supported classification of the counties as established. AU - Hahn, Micah B. AU - Jarnevich, Catherine S. AU - Monaghan, Andrew J. AU - Eisen, Rebecca J. DO - 10.1093/jme/tjw076 IS - 5 N1 - 10.1093/jme/tjw076 PY - 2016 SN - 0022-2585 SP - 1176-1191 ST - Modeling the geographic distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the contiguous United States T2 - Journal of Medical Entomology TI - Modeling the geographic distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the contiguous United States VL - 53 ID - 24067 ER - TY - JOUR AB - West Nile virus (WNV) is a leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the United States. Annual seasonal outbreaks vary in size and location. Predicting where and when higher than normal WNV transmission will occur can help direct limited public health resources. We developed models for the contiguous United States to identify meteorological anomalies associated with above average incidence of WNV neuroinvasive disease from 2004 to 2012. We used county-level WNV data reported to ArboNET and meteorological data from the North American Land Data Assimilation System. As a result of geographic differences in WNV transmission, we divided the United States into East and West, and 10 climate regions. Above average annual temperature was associated with increased likelihood of higher than normal WNV disease incidence, nationally and in most regions. Lower than average annual total precipitation was associated with higher disease incidence in the eastern United States, but the opposite was true in most western regions. Although multiple factors influence WNV transmission, these findings show that anomalies in temperature and precipitation are associated with above average WNV disease incidence. Readily accessible meteorological data may be used to develop predictive models to forecast geographic areas with elevated WNV disease risk before the coming season. AU - Hahn, Micah B. AU - Monaghan, Andrew J. AU - Hayden, Mary H. AU - Eisen, Rebecca J. AU - Delorey, Mark J. AU - Lindsey, Nicole P. AU - Nasci, Roger S. AU - Fischer, Marc DA - 11/30/received 02/08/accepted DB - PMC DO - 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0737 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SN - 0002-9637 1476-1645 SP - 1013-1022 ST - Meteorological conditions associated with increased incidence of West Nile virus disease in the United States, 2004–2012 T2 - The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene TI - Meteorological conditions associated with increased incidence of West Nile virus disease in the United States, 2004–2012 VL - 92 ID - 21231 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As the oceans absorb anthropogenic CO2 they become more acidic, a problem termed ocean acidification (OA). Since this increase in CO2 is occurring rapidly, OA may have profound implications for marine ecosystems. In the temperate northeast Pacific, fisheries play key economic and cultural roles and provide significant employment, especially in rural areas. In British Columbia (BC), sport (recreational) fishing generates more income than commercial fishing (including the expanding aquaculture industry). Salmon (fished recreationally and farmed) and Pacific Halibut are responsible for the majority of fishery-related income. This region naturally has relatively acidic (low pH) waters due to ocean circulation, and so may be particularly vulnerable to OA. We have analyzed available data to provide a current description of the marine ecosystem, focusing on vertical distributions of commercially harvested groups in BC in the context of local carbon and pH conditions. We then evaluated the potential impact of OA on this temperate marine system using currently available studies. Our results highlight significant knowledge gaps. Above trophic levels 2–3 (where most local fishery-income is generated), little is known about the direct impact of OA, and more importantly about the combined impact of multi-stressors, like temperature, that are also changing as our climate changes. There is evidence that OA may have indirect negative impacts on finfish through changes at lower trophic levels and in habitats. In particular, OA may lead to increased fish-killing algal blooms that can affect the lucrative salmon aquaculture industry. On the other hand, some species of locally farmed shellfish have been well-studied and exhibit significant negative direct impacts associated with OA, especially at the larval stage. We summarize the direct and indirect impacts of OA on all groups of marine organisms in this region and provide conclusions, ordered by immediacy and certainty. AU - Haigh, Rowan AU - Ianson, Debby AU - Holt, Carrie A. AU - Neate, Holly E. AU - Edwards, Andrew M. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0117533 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SP - e0117533 ST - Effects of ocean acidification on temperate coastal marine ecosystems and fisheries in the Northeast Pacific T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Effects of ocean acidification on temperate coastal marine ecosystems and fisheries in the Northeast Pacific VL - 10 ID - 24664 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Haigh, Tonya AU - Takle, Eugene AU - Andresen, Jeffrey AU - Widhalm, Melissa AU - Carlton, J. Stuart AU - Angel, Jim DA - 2015/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2015.01.004 KW - Decision calendar Maps Agriculture Climate tools PY - 2015 SN - 2212-0963 SP - 20-30 ST - Mapping the decision points and climate information use of agricultural producers across the U.S. corn belt T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - Mapping the decision points and climate information use of agricultural producers across the U.S. corn belt VL - 7 ID - 21128 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Haines, Andy AU - McMichael, Anthony J. AU - Smith, Kirk R. AU - Roberts, Ian AU - Woodcock, James AU - Markandya, Anil AU - Armstrong, Ben G. AU - Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid AU - Dangour, Alan D. AU - Davies, Michael AU - Bruce, Nigel AU - Tonne, Cathryn AU - Barrett, Mark AU - Wilkinson, Paul C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61759-1 IS - 9707 PY - 2009 SN - 0140-6736 SP - 2104-2114 ST - Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: Overview and implications for policy makers T2 - The Lancet TI - Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: Overview and implications for policy makers VL - 374 Y2 - 2010/1/1/ ID - 13634 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hale, Robert C. AU - Gallo, Kevin P. AU - Owen, Timothy W. AU - Loveland, Thomas R. DO - 10.1029/2006gl026358 IS - 11 PY - 2006 SN - 0094-8276 SP - L11703 ST - Land use/land cover change effects on temperature trends at U.S. Climate Normals stations T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Land use/land cover change effects on temperature trends at U.S. Climate Normals stations VL - 33 ID - 22585 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Hall, John A. AU - Blair, Maria AU - Buizer, James L. AU - Gustafson, David I. AU - Holland, Brian AU - Moser, Susanne C. AU - Waple, Anne M. C4 - b489989a-e809-4970-b4a7-42d8c96d2577 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J000001G PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 719-726 ST - Ch. 30: Sustained Assessment: A new vision for future U.S. assessments T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 30: Sustained Assessment: A new vision for future U.S. assessments UR - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/response-strategies/sustained-assessment ID - 8674 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hall, John A. AU - Gill, Stephen AU - Obeysekera, Jayantha AU - Sweet, William AU - Knuuti, Kevin AU - Marburger, John CY - Alexandria VA PB - U.S. Department of Defense, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program PY - 2016 SP - 224 ST - Regional Sea Level Scenarios for Coastal Risk Management: Managing the Uncertainty of Future Sea Level Change and Extreme Water Levels for Department of Defense Coastal Sites Worldwide TI - Regional Sea Level Scenarios for Coastal Risk Management: Managing the Uncertainty of Future Sea Level Change and Extreme Water Levels for Department of Defense Coastal Sites Worldwide UR - https://www.usfsp.edu/icar/files/2015/08/CARSWG-SLR-FINAL-April-2016.pdf ID - 20603 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hall, Kimberly R. AU - Herbert, Matthew E. AU - Sowa, Scott P. AU - Mysorekar, Sagar AU - Woznicki, Sean A. AU - Nejadhashemi, Pouyan A. AU - Wang, Lizhu DA - 2017/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.11.005 IS - 1 KW - Climate adaptation Climate change Great Lakes Fish Conservation outcomes Agricultural impacts Nutrient loading PY - 2017 SN - 0380-1330 SP - 59-68 ST - Reducing current and future risks: Using climate change scenarios to test an agricultural conservation framework T2 - Journal of Great Lakes Research TI - Reducing current and future risks: Using climate change scenarios to test an agricultural conservation framework VL - 43 ID - 26570 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Dietz, Thomas A2 - Bidwell, David AU - Hall, Kimberly R. AU - Root, Terry L. C4 - 94291262-9164-4b7b-899a-df09aa1063e1 PB - Michigan State University Press PY - 2012 SN - 9781611860122 SP - 63-96 ST - Climate change and biodiversity in the Great Lakes Region from "fingerprints" of change to helping safeguard species T2 - Climate Change in the Great Lakes Region: Navigating an Uncertain Future TI - Climate change and biodiversity in the Great Lakes Region from "fingerprints" of change to helping safeguard species ID - 26571 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A statistical–stochastic model of the complete life cycle of North Atlantic (NA) tropical cyclones (TCs) is used to examine the relationship between climate and landfall rates along the North American Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. The model draws on archived data of TCs throughout the North Atlantic to estimate landfall rates at high geographic resolution as a function of the ENSO state and one of two different measures of sea surface temperature (SST): 1) SST averaged over the NA subtropics and the hurricane season and 2) this SST relative to the seasonal global subtropical mean SST (termed relSST). Here, the authors focus on SST by holding ENSO to a neutral state. Jackknife uncertainty tests are employed to test the significance of SST and relSST landfall relationships. There are more TC and major hurricane landfalls overall in warm years than cold, using either SST or relSST, primarily due to a basinwide increase in the number of storms. The signal along the coast, however, is complex. Some regions have large and significant sensitivity (e.g., an approximate doubling of annual major hurricane landfall probability on Texas from −2 to +2 standard deviations in relSST), while other regions have no significant sensitivity (e.g., the U.S. mid-Atlantic and Northeast coasts). This geographic structure is due to both shifts in the regions of primary TC genesis and shifts in TC propagation. AU - Hall, Timothy AU - Yonekura, Emmi DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00756.1 IS - 21 KW - Hurricanes/typhoons,Stochastic models,Risk assessment PY - 2013 SP - 8422-8439 ST - North American tropical cyclone landfall and SST: A statistical model study T2 - Journal of Climate TI - North American tropical cyclone landfall and SST: A statistical model study VL - 26 ID - 20604 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hallegatte, Stéphane DA - 2009/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.12.003 IS - 2 KW - Climate change Adaptation Uncertainty PY - 2009 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 240-247 ST - Strategies to adapt to an uncertain climate change T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Strategies to adapt to an uncertain climate change VL - 19 ID - 24182 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hallegatte, Stephane AU - Bangalore, Mook AU - Bonzanigo, Laura AU - Fay, Marianne AU - Kane, Tamaro AU - Narloch, Ulf AU - Rozenberg, Julie AU - Treguer, David AU - Vogt-Schilb, Adrie CY - Washington, D.C N1 - ISBN 978-1-4648-0673-5 PB - World Bank PY - 2016 RP - ISBN 978-1-4648-0673-5 SP - 207 ST - Shock Waves: Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty TI - Shock Waves: Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22787 ID - 25765 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hallegatte, Stéphane AU - Shah, Ankur AU - Lempert, Robert AU - Brown, Casey AU - Gill, Stuart C6 - NCA CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.1596/1813-9450-6193 PB - World Bank PY - 2012 SN - Policy Research Working Papers 6193 SP - 41 ST - Investment Decision Making Under Deep Uncertainty: Application to Climate Change TI - Investment Decision Making Under Deep Uncertainty: Application to Climate Change UR - http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-6193 ID - 13648 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hallegatte, Stephane AU - Vogt-Schilb, Adrien AU - Bangalore, Mook AU - Rozenberg, Julie CY - Washington, D.C N1 - ISBN: 978-1-4648-1003-9 PB - World Bank PY - 2017 RP - ISBN: 978-1-4648-1003-9 SP - 187 ST - Unbreakable: Building the Resilience of the Poor in the Face of Natural Disasters T2 - Climate Change and Development TI - Unbreakable: Building the Resilience of the Poor in the Face of Natural Disasters UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10986/25335 ID - 25766 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hallström, E. AU - Carlsson-Kanyama, A. AU - Börjesson, P. DA - 2015/03/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.008 KW - Review LCA Diet Scenario Climate Land use PY - 2015 SN - 0959-6526 SP - 1-11 ST - Environmental impact of dietary change: A systematic review T2 - Journal of Cleaner Production TI - Environmental impact of dietary change: A systematic review VL - 91 ID - 25565 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The standard US diet contributes to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) from both the food system, and from the health system through its contribution to non-communicable diseases. To estimate the potential for diet change to reduce GHGE and improve public health, we analyzed the effect of adopting healthier model diets in the USA on the risk of disease, health care costs, and GHGE. We found that adoption of healthier diets reduced the relative risk of coronary heart disease, colorectal cancer, and type 2 diabetes by 20–45%, US health care costs by US$B 77–93 per year, and direct GHGE by 222–826 kg CO2e capita−1 year−1 (69–84 kg from the health care system, 153–742 kg from the food system). Emission reductions were equivalent to 6–23% of the US Climate Action Plan’s target of a 17% reduction in 2005 GHGE by 2020, and 24–134% of California’s target of 1990 GHGE levels by 2020. However, there is potential for investment of health care savings to result in rebound up to and greater than 100%, which would increase net GHGE. Given the urgency of improving public health and of mitigating GHGE over the short term, the potential contribution of diet change, and the options for reducing rebound, deserve more research in support of policy. AU - Hallström, Elinor AU - Gee, Quentin AU - Scarborough, Peter AU - Cleveland, David A. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1912-5 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 199-212 ST - A healthier US diet could reduce greenhouse gas emissions from both the food and health care systems T2 - Climatic Change TI - A healthier US diet could reduce greenhouse gas emissions from both the food and health care systems VL - 142 ID - 23526 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Halofsky, Jessica AU - Peterson, David AU - Metlen, Kerry AU - Myer, M. AU - Sample, V. DO - 10.3390/f7110268 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SN - 1999-4907 SP - 268 ST - Developing and implementing climate change adaptation options in forest ecosystems: A case study in southwestern Oregon, USA T2 - Forests TI - Developing and implementing climate change adaptation options in forest ecosystems: A case study in southwestern Oregon, USA VL - 7 ID - 21993 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Halofsky, Jessica E. AU - Hemstrom, Miles A. AU - Conklin, David R. AU - Halofsky, Joshua S. AU - Kerns, Becky K. AU - Bachelet, Dominique DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.07.003 PY - 2013 SN - 03043800 SP - 131-143 ST - Assessing potential climate change effects on vegetation using a linked model approach T2 - Ecological Modelling TI - Assessing potential climate change effects on vegetation using a linked model approach VL - 266 ID - 22586 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Halofsky, Jessica E. AU - Peterson, David L. DO - 10.3390/atmos7030046 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 2073-4433 SP - 46 ST - Climate change vulnerabilities and adaptation options for forest vegetation management in the northwestern USA T2 - Atmosphere TI - Climate change vulnerabilities and adaptation options for forest vegetation management in the northwestern USA VL - 7 ID - 24715 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Halofsky, Jessica E. AU - Peterson, David L. CY - Portland, OR NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-939 PB - USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station PY - 2017 SP - 331 ST - Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation in the Blue Mountains TI - Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation in the Blue Mountains UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/53937 ID - 21998 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Halofsky, Jessica E. AU - Peterson, David L. AU - Marcinkowski, Kailey W. CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2015 SP - 80 ST - Climate Change Adaptation in United States Federal Natural Resource Science and Management Agencies: A Synthesis TI - Climate Change Adaptation in United States Federal Natural Resource Science and Management Agencies: A Synthesis UR - http://www.globalchange.gov/sites/globalchange/files/ASIWG_Synthesis_4.28.15_final.pdf ID - 21671 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Multiple climate change vulnerability assessments in the Pacific Northwest region of the USA provide the scientific information needed to begin adaptation in forested landscapes. Adaptation options developed by resource managers in conjunction with these assessments, newly summarized in the Climate Change Adaptation Library of the Western United States, provide an extensive choice of peer-reviewed climate-smart management strategies and tactics. More adaptation options are available for vegetation than for any other resource category, allowing vegetation management to be applied across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Good progress has been made in strategic development and planning for climate change adaptation in the Northwest, although on-the-ground implementation is in the early stages. However, recent regulatory mandates plus the increasing occurrence of extreme events (drought, wildfires, insect outbreaks) provide motivation to accelerate the adaptation process in planning and management on federal lands and beyond. Timely implementation of adaptation and collaboration across boundaries will help ensure the functionality of Northwest forests at broad spatial scales in a warmer climate. AU - Halofsky, Jessica E. AU - Peterson, David L. AU - Prendeville, Holly R. DA - April 24 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1972-6 IS - 1-2 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 89-102 ST - Assessing vulnerabilities and adapting to climate change in northwestern U.S. forests T2 - Climatic Change TI - Assessing vulnerabilities and adapting to climate change in northwestern U.S. forests VL - 146 ID - 21994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Halverson, Jeffrey B. AU - Rabenhorst, Thomas DA - 2013/03/01 DO - 10.1080/00431672.2013.762838 IS - 2 PY - 2013 SN - 0043-1672 SP - 14-23 ST - Hurricane Sandy: The science and impacts of a superstorm T2 - Weatherwise TI - Hurricane Sandy: The science and impacts of a superstorm VL - 66 ID - 25372 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anthropogenic climate change is increasingly threatening cultural heritage; cultural resource managers, communities, and archaeologists are confronting this reality. Yet the phenomenon is happening over such a wide range of physical and sociocultural contexts that it is a problem too big for any one organization or discipline to tackle. Therefore, the sharing of best practices and examples between the communities dealing with this problem is essential. This article presents examples from communities, cultural resource managers, and archaeologists who are engaging with climate change–based threats to cultural heritage. Our presentation of these international activities follows the US National Park Service (NPS) four-pillar approach to climate-change threats to cultural heritage: science, mitigation, adaptation, and communication. We discuss this approach and then present a number of cases in which communities or institutions are attempting to manage cultural heritage threatened by climate change through these four pillars. This article restricts itself to examples that are taking place outside of the USA and concludes with some general recommendations for both archaeologists and funding entities. AU - Hambrecht, George AU - Rockman, Marcy DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/aaq.2017.30 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2017/08/07 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SN - 0002-7316 SP - 627-641 ST - International approaches to climate change and cultural heritage T2 - American Antiquity TI - International approaches to climate change and cultural heritage VL - 82 ID - 25351 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study describes the use of a state‐of‐the‐art urban parameterization (the Town Energy Balance scheme, TEB) to examine how the surface runoff of the Brussels Capital Region (BCR) responded to historical urbanization (1960–1999) and how it will respond in cases of climate changes and/or future urbanization. Key for this study is that both energy and water balances are resolved and interact through the evaporative term. Historical urbanization of BCR is estimated from changes in impervious surface area using remote sensing imagery and future climate is modelled using data from two members of the European project PRUDENCE. Results show that (1) a change could be detected in the annual series of cumulative surface runoff, high flow and the frequency of flood events when imperviousness exceeds 35%. (2) Climate change has a greater impact on low flows than urbanization. (3) In terms of high flow and annual cumulative runoff, historical urbanization and the precipitation increase scenario have approximately the same increasing trend. However, during summertime when floods happen frequently in the BCR, the average contribution of urbanization is four times greater than that due to the increase in precipitation in terms of the cumulative runoff ratio. (4) The assumed 10% increase in imperviousness in the BCR is able to counteract the increase in evapotranspiration due to warmer climate predictions. (5) When combining the effect of future urbanization (+20% of imperviousness) and precipitation scenario together, the increase in high flow is exacerbated. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society AU - Hamdi, Rafiq AU - Termonia, Piet AU - Baguis, Pierre DO - 10.1002/joc.2207 IS - 13 PY - 2011 SP - 1959-1974 ST - Effects of urbanization and climate change on surface runoff of the Brussels Capital Region: A case study using an urban soil–vegetation–atmosphere‐transfer model T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Effects of urbanization and climate change on surface runoff of the Brussels Capital Region: A case study using an urban soil–vegetation–atmosphere‐transfer model VL - 31 ID - 25458 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hamer, Sarah A. AU - Hickling, Graham J. AU - Walker, Edward D. AU - Tsao, Jean I. DA - 2014/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.06.003 KW - American Midwest PY - 2014 SN - 1567-1348 SP - 531-542 ST - Increased diversity of zoonotic pathogens and Borrelia burgdorferi strains in established versus incipient Ixodes scapularis populations across the Midwestern United States T2 - Infection, Genetics and Evolution TI - Increased diversity of zoonotic pathogens and Borrelia burgdorferi strains in established versus incipient Ixodes scapularis populations across the Midwestern United States VL - 27 ID - 21147 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hamilton, Charmain D. AU - Kovacs, Kit M. AU - Ims, Rolf A. AU - Aars, Jon AU - Lydersen, Christian DO - 10.1111/1365-2656.12685 IS - 5 KW - prey-shifting Pusa hispida sea-ice declines spatial overlap Svalbard Ursus maritimus PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2656 SP - 1054-1064 ST - An Arctic predator–prey system in flux: Climate change impacts on coastal space use by polar bears and ringed seals T2 - Journal of Animal Ecology TI - An Arctic predator–prey system in flux: Climate change impacts on coastal space use by polar bears and ringed seals VL - 86 ID - 24863 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hamilton, Lawrence C. DA - 2007/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.020 IS - 23 KW - Fisheries Social science Human dimensions Collapse Climate PY - 2007 SN - 0967-0645 SP - 2958-2969 ST - Climate, fishery and society interactions: Observations from the North Atlantic T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography TI - Climate, fishery and society interactions: Observations from the North Atlantic VL - 54 ID - 26194 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wintertime warming trends experienced in recent decades, and predicted to increase in the future, present serious challenges for ski areas and whole regions that depend on winter tourism. Most research on this topic examines past or future climate-change impacts at yearly to decadal resolution, to obtain a perspective on climate-change impacts. We focus instead on local-scale impacts of climate variability, using detailed daily data from two individual ski areas. Our analysis fits ARMAX (autoregressive moving average with exogenous variables) time series models that predict day-to-day variations in skier attendance from a combination of mountain and urban weather, snow cover and cyclical factors. They explain half to two-thirds of the variation in these highly erratic series, with no residual autocorrelation. Substantively, model results confirm the “backyard hypothesis” that urban snow conditions significantly affect skier activity; quantify these effects alongside those of mountain snow and weather; show that previous-day conditions provide a practical time window; find no monthly effects net of weather; and underline the importance of a handful of high-attendance days in making or breaking the season. Viewed in the larger context of climate change, our findings suggest caution regarding the efficacy of artificial snowmaking as an adaptive strategy, and of smoothed yearly summaries to characterize the timing-sensitive impacts of weather (and hence, high-variance climate change) on skier activity. These results elaborate conclusions from our previous annual-level analysis. More broadly, they illustrate the potential for using ARMAX models to conduct integrated, dynamic analysis across environmental and social domains. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society AU - Hamilton, Lawrence C. AU - Brown, Cliff AU - Keim, Barry D. DO - 10.1002/joc.1502 IS - 15 PY - 2007 SP - 2113-2124 ST - Ski areas, weather and climate: Time series models for New England case studies T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Ski areas, weather and climate: Time series models for New England case studies VL - 27 ID - 26195 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Sea ice across the Arctic is declining and altering physical characteristics of marine ecosystems. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) have been identified as vulnerable to changes in sea ice conditions. We use sea ice projections for the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 2006 – 2100 to gain insight into the conservation challenges for polar bears with respect to habitat loss using metrics developed from polar bear energetics modeling. Principal Findings Shifts away from multiyear ice to annual ice cover throughout the region, as well as lengthening ice-free periods, may become critical for polar bears before the end of the 21st century with projected warming. Each polar bear population in the Archipelago may undergo 2–5 months of ice-free conditions, where no such conditions exist presently. We identify spatially and temporally explicit ice-free periods that extend beyond what polar bears require for nutritional and reproductive demands. Conclusions/Significance Under business-as-usual climate projections, polar bears may face starvation and reproductive failure across the entire Archipelago by the year 2100. AU - Hamilton, Stephen G. AU - Castro de la Guardia, Laura AU - Derocher, Andrew E. AU - Sahanatien, Vicki AU - Tremblay, Bruno AU - Huard, David DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0113746 IS - 11 PY - 2014 SP - e113746 ST - Projected polar bear sea ice habitat in the Canadian arctic archipelago T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Projected polar bear sea ice habitat in the Canadian arctic archipelago VL - 9 ID - 24864 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hamin, Elisabeth M. AU - Gurran, Nicole AU - Emlinger, Ana Mesquita DA - 2014/04/03 DO - 10.1080/01944363.2014.949590 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SN - 0194-4363 SP - 110-122 ST - Barriers to municipal climate adaptation: Examples from coastal Massachusetts’ smaller cities and towns T2 - Journal of the American Planning Association TI - Barriers to municipal climate adaptation: Examples from coastal Massachusetts’ smaller cities and towns VL - 80 ID - 21815 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hamlet, A.F. C6 - NCA DO - 10.5194/hess-15-1427-2011 IS - 5 PY - 2011 SN - 1027-5606 SP - 1427-1443 ST - Assessing water resources adaptive capacity to climate change impacts in the Pacific Northwest region of North America T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences TI - Assessing water resources adaptive capacity to climate change impacts in the Pacific Northwest region of North America VL - 15 ID - 13654 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hamlet, Alan F. AU - Elsner, Marketa McGuire AU - Mauger, Guillaume S. AU - Lee, Se-Yeun AU - Tohver, Ingrid AU - Norheim, Robert A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1080/07055900.2013.819555 ET - 26 July 2013 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SN - 0705-5900 SP - 392-415 ST - An overview of the Columbia Basin Climate Change Scenarios project: Approach, methods, and summary of key results T2 - Atmosphere-Ocean TI - An overview of the Columbia Basin Climate Change Scenarios project: Approach, methods, and summary of key results VL - 51 Y2 - 2013/07/29 ID - 13655 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hamlet, Alan F. AU - Mote, Philip W. AU - Clark, Martyn P. AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis P. C6 - NCA DA - 2005/11/01 DO - 10.1175/jcli3538.1 IS - 21 PY - 2005 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 4545-4561 ST - Effects of temperature and precipitation variability on snowpack trends in the western United States T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Effects of temperature and precipitation variability on snowpack trends in the western United States VL - 18 Y2 - 2013/08/02 ID - 13659 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hamlington, B. D. AU - Cheon, S. H. AU - Thompson, P. R. AU - Merrifield, M. A. AU - Nerem, R. S. AU - Leben, R. R. AU - Kim, K. Y. DO - 10.1002/2016JC011815 IS - 7 KW - Pacific sea level ENSO PDO 1641 Sea level change 4215 Climate and interannual variability PY - 2016 SN - 2169-9291 SP - 5084-5097 ST - An ongoing shift in Pacific Ocean sea level T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans TI - An ongoing shift in Pacific Ocean sea level VL - 121 ID - 19928 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hammac, W. Ashley AU - Stott, Diane E. AU - Karlen, Douglas L. AU - Cambardella, Cynthia A. DO - 10.2136/sssaj2016.09.0282 IS - 6 LA - English PY - 2016 SP - 1638-1652 ST - Crop, tillage, and landscape effects on near-surface soil quality indices in Indiana T2 - Soil Science Society of America Journal TI - Crop, tillage, and landscape effects on near-surface soil quality indices in Indiana VL - 80 ID - 23527 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Hammer, Becky CY - New York M1 - March 13 PB - National Resource Defense Council PY - 2015 ST - FEMA finalizes new requirement for state disaster plans to consider climate change impacts T2 - NRDC Expert Blog TI - FEMA finalizes new requirement for state disaster plans to consider climate change impacts UR - https://www.nrdc.org/experts/becky-hammer/fema-finalizes-new-requirement-state-disaster-plans-consider-climate-change ID - 26460 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hampson, Anne AU - Bourgeois, Tom AU - Dillingham, Gavin AU - Panzarella, Isaac CY - Washington, DC PB - ICF International PY - 2013 SN - ORNL/TM-2013/100 SP - 41 ST - Combined Heat and Power: Enabling Resilient Energy Infrastructure for Critical Facilities TI - Combined Heat and Power: Enabling Resilient Energy Infrastructure for Critical Facilities UR - https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/11/f4/chp_critical_facilities.pdf ID - 26284 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hamza, M. A. AU - Anderson, W. K. DA - 2005/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.still.2004.08.009 IS - 2 KW - Soil compaction Deep ripping Axle load Gypsum controlled traffic No-tillage Animal grazing Plant roots PY - 2005 SN - 0167-1987 SP - 121-145 ST - Soil compaction in cropping systems: A review of the nature, causes and possible solutions T2 - Soil and Tillage Research TI - Soil compaction in cropping systems: A review of the nature, causes and possible solutions VL - 82 ID - 21891 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Weather and climate changes caused by human activities (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and urbanization) have received much attention because of their impacts on human lives as well as scientific interests. The detection, understanding, and future projection of weather and climate changes due to urbanization are important subjects in the discipline of urban meteorology and climatology. This article reviews urban impacts on precipitation. Observational studies of changes in convective phenomena over and around cities are reviewed, with focus on precipitation enhancement downwind of cities. The proposed causative factors (urban heat island, large surface roughness, and higher aerosol concentration) and mechanisms of urban-induced and/or urban-modified precipitation are then reviewed and discussed, with focus on downwind precipitation enhancement. A universal mechanism of urban-induced precipitation is made through a thorough literature review and is as follows. The urban heat island produces updrafts on the leeward or downwind side of cities, and the urban heat island-induced updrafts initiate moist convection under favorable thermodynamic conditions, thus leading to surface precipitation. Surface precipitation is likely to further increase under higher aerosol concentrations if the air humidity is high and deep and strong convection occurs. It is not likely that larger urban surface roughness plays a major role in urbaninduced precipitation. Larger urban surface roughness can, however, disrupt or bifurcate precipitating convective systems formed outside cities while passing over the cities. Such urban-modified precipitating systems can either increase or decrease precipitation over and/or downwind of cities. Much effort is needed for in-depth or new understanding of urban precipitation anomalies, which includes local and regional modeling studies using advanced numerical models and analysis studies of long-term radar data. AU - Han, Ji-Young AU - Baik, Jong-Jin AU - Lee, Hyunho DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s13143-014-0016-7 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1976-7951 SP - 17-30 ST - Urban impacts on precipitation T2 - Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences TI - Urban impacts on precipitation VL - 50 ID - 22673 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hanak, Ellen AU - Mount, Jeffrey AU - Chappelle, Caitrin AU - Lund, Jay AU - Medellín-Azuara, Josué AU - Myoyle, Peter AU - Seavy, Nathaniel E. CY - San Francisco, CA PB - Public Policy Institute of California PY - 2015 SP - 20 ST - What If California's Drought Continues? TI - What If California's Drought Continues? UR - http://www.ppic.org/publication/what-if-californias-drought-continues/ ID - 25636 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Handler, Stephen AU - Duveneck, Matthew J. AU - Iverson, Louis AU - Peters, Emily AU - Scheller, Robert M. AU - Wythers, Kirk R. AU - Brandt, Leslie AU - Butler, Patricia AU - Janowiak, Maria AU - Shannon, P. Danielle AU - Swanston, Chris AU - Barrett, Kelly AU - Kolka, Randy AU - McQuiston, Casey AU - Palik, Brian AU - Reich, Peter B. AU - Turner, Clarence AU - White, Mark AU - Adams, Cheryl AU - D’Amato, Anthony AU - Hagell, Suzanne AU - Johnson, Patricia AU - Johnson, Rosemary AU - Larson, Mike AU - Matthews, Stephen AU - Montgomery, Rebecca AU - Olson, Steve AU - Peters, Matthew AU - Prasad, Anantha AU - Rajala, Jack AU - Daley, Jad AU - Davenport, Mae AU - Emery, Marla R. AU - Fehringer, David AU - Hoving, Christopher L. AU - Johnson, Gary AU - Johnson, Lucinda AU - Neitzel, David AU - Rissman, Adena AU - Rittenhouse, Chadwick AU - Ziel, Robert CY - Newtown Square, PA NV - General Technical Report NRS-133 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station PY - 2014 SP - 228 ST - Minnesota Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: A Report from the Northwoods Climate Change Response Framework Project TI - Minnesota Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: A Report from the Northwoods Climate Change Response Framework Project UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/gtr/gtr_nrs133.pdf ID - 21267 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Handler, Stephen AU - Duveneck, Matthew J. AU - Iverson, Louis AU - Peters, Emily AU - Scheller, Robert M. AU - Wythers, Kirk R. AU - Brandt, Leslie AU - Butler, Patricia AU - Janowiak, Maria AU - Shannon, P. Danielle AU - Swanston, Chris AU - Eagle, Amy Clark AU - Cohen, Joshua G. AU - Corner, Rich AU - Reich, Peter B. AU - Baker, Tim AU - Chhin, Sophan AU - Clark, Eric AU - Fehringer, David AU - Fosgitt, Jon AU - Gries, James AU - Hall, Christine AU - Hall, Kimberly R. AU - Heyd, Robert AU - Hoving, Christopher L. AU - Ibáñez, Ines AU - Kuhr, Don AU - Matthews, Stephen AU - Muladore, Jennifer AU - Nadelhoffer, Knute AU - Neumann, David AU - Peters, Matthew AU - Prasad, Anantha AU - Sands, Matt AU - Swaty, Randy AU - Wonch, Leiloni AU - Daley, Jad AU - Davenport, Mae AU - Emery, Marla R. AU - Johnson, Gary AU - Johnson, Lucinda AU - Neitzel, David AU - Rissman, Adena AU - Rittenhouse, Chadwick AU - Ziel, Robert CY - Newtown Square, PA NV - General Technical Report NRS-129 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station PY - 2014 SP - 229 ST - Michigan Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: A Report from the Northwoods Climate Change Response Framework Project TI - Michigan Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: A Report from the Northwoods Climate Change Response Framework Project UR - https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/45688 ID - 21268 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hannah, Lee AU - Flint, Lorraine AU - Syphard, Alexandra D. AU - Moritz, Max A. AU - Buckley, Lauren B. AU - McCullough, Ian M. DA - 2014/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.tree.2014.04.006 IS - 7 KW - holdout stepping-stone microrefugia climate change range shift conservation PY - 2014 SN - 0169-5347 SP - 390-397 ST - Fine-grain modeling of species’ response to climate change: Holdouts, stepping-stones, and microrefugia T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution TI - Fine-grain modeling of species’ response to climate change: Holdouts, stepping-stones, and microrefugia VL - 29 ID - 23381 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hanrahan, Janel L. AU - Kravtsov, Sergey V. AU - Roebber, Paul J. DO - 10.1029/2009GL041707 IS - 1 KW - Great Lakes water levels climate variability 1616 Climate variability 1630 Impacts of global change 1807 Climate impacts 1803 Anthropogenic effects 9345 Geographic Location: Large bodies of water (e.g., lakes and inland seas) PY - 2010 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L01701 ST - Connecting past and present climate variability to the water levels of Lakes Michigan and Huron T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Connecting past and present climate variability to the water levels of Lakes Michigan and Huron VL - 37 ID - 21155 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Hansen, Andrew J. A2 - Monahan, William B. A2 - Olliff, S. Thomas A2 - Theobald, David M. AB - An overarching question in natural resource management is, “How well are we sustaining entire ecosystems under climate and land use change?” The chapters of this book have dealt with understanding and managing landforms, tree species, and fish and vegetation communities in the face of changing climate. Application of the Climate-Smart Conservation framework is typically in the context of species, communities, or ecological processes deemed to be the most vulnerable to climate change. The effectiveness of adaptation options for vulnerable elements can be evaluated through adaptive management in which multiple treatments are implemented, monitored, and compared (chap. 13). AU - Hansen, Andrew J. AU - Phillips, Linda B. C4 - 1eca339b-812e-4307-802c-56d1ac3fd731 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.5822/978-1-61091-713-1_16 PB - Island Press/Center for Resource Economics PY - 2016 SN - 978-1-61091-713-1 SP - 327-353 ST - Insights from the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem on assessing success in sustaining wildlands T2 - Climate Change in Wildlands: Pioneering Approaches to Science and Management TI - Insights from the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem on assessing success in sustaining wildlands ID - 21639 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hansen, Kristiana AU - Bastian, Christopher T. AU - Nagler, Amy AU - Jones Ritten, Chian CY - Laramie, WY NV - Bulletin B-1297 PB - University of Wyoming Extension PY - 2017 SP - 10 ST - Designing Markets for Habitat Conservation: Lessons Learned from Agricultural Markets Research TI - Designing Markets for Habitat Conservation: Lessons Learned from Agricultural Markets Research UR - http://www.wyoextension.org/agpubs/pubs/B-1297.pdf ID - 21642 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hansen, Kristi AU - Purcell, Melanie AU - Paige, Ginger AU - MacKinnon, Anne AU - Lamb, Jen AU - Coupal, Roger CY - Laramie, WY NV - Bulletin B-1267 PB - University of Wyoming Extension PY - 2015 SP - 10 ST - Development of a Market-Based Conservation Program in the Upper Green River Basin of Wyoming: Feasibility Study TI - Development of a Market-Based Conservation Program in the Upper Green River Basin of Wyoming: Feasibility Study UR - http://www.wyoextension.org/agpubs/pubs/b-1267-market-based-conservation.pdf ID - 21641 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forests worldwide are in a state of flux, with accelerating losses in some regions and gains in others. Hansen et al. (p. 850) examined global Landsat data at a 30-meter spatial resolution to characterize forest extent, loss, and gain from 2000 to 2012. Globally, 2.3 million square kilometers of forest were lost during the 12-year study period and 0.8 million square kilometers of new forest were gained. The tropics exhibited both the greatest losses and the greatest gains (through regrowth and plantation), with losses outstripping gains. Quantification of global forest change has been lacking despite the recognized importance of forest ecosystem services. In this study, Earth observation satellite data were used to map global forest loss (2.3 million square kilometers) and gain (0.8 million square kilometers) from 2000 to 2012 at a spatial resolution of 30 meters. The tropics were the only climate domain to exhibit a trend, with forest loss increasing by 2101 square kilometers per year. Brazil’s well-documented reduction in deforestation was offset by increasing forest loss in Indonesia, Malaysia, Paraguay, Bolivia, Zambia, Angola, and elsewhere. Intensive forestry practiced within subtropical forests resulted in the highest rates of forest change globally. Boreal forest loss due largely to fire and forestry was second to that in the tropics in absolute and proportional terms. These results depict a globally consistent and locally relevant record of forest change. AU - Hansen, M. C. AU - Potapov, P. V. AU - Moore, R. AU - Hancher, M. AU - Turubanova, S. A. AU - Tyukavina, A. AU - Thau, D. AU - Stehman, S. V. AU - Goetz, S. J. AU - Loveland, T. R. AU - Kommareddy, A. AU - Egorov, A. AU - Chini, L. AU - Justice, C. O. AU - Townshend, J. R. G. DO - 10.1126/science.1244693 IS - 6160 PY - 2013 SP - 850-853 ST - High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change T2 - Science TI - High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change VL - 342 ID - 21038 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus (Linnaeus) is both an invasive non-native species in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America and an imperiled species in much of its native range in North America and Europe. To compare and contrast how understanding of population ecology is useful for control programs in the Great Lakes and restoration programs in Europe, we review current understanding of the population ecology of the sea lamprey in its native and introduced range. Some attributes of sea lamprey population ecology are particularly useful for both control programs in the Great Lakes and restoration programs in the native range. First, traps within fish ladders are beneficial for removing sea lampreys in Great Lakes streams and passing sea lampreys in the native range. Second, attractants and repellants are suitable for luring sea lampreys into traps for control in the Great Lakes and guiding sea lamprey passage for conservation in the native range. Third, assessment methods used for targeting sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes are useful for targeting habitat protection in the native range. Last, assessment methods used to quantify numbers of all life stages of sea lampreys would be appropriate for measuring success of control in the Great Lakes and success of conservation in the native range. AU - Hansen, Michael J. AU - Madenjian, Charles P. AU - Slade, Jeffrey W. AU - Steeves, Todd B. AU - Almeida, Pedro R. AU - Quintella, Bernardo R. DA - September 01 DO - 10.1007/s11160-016-9440-3 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-5184 SP - 509-535 ST - Population ecology of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) as an invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes and an imperiled species in Europe T2 - Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries TI - Population ecology of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) as an invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes and an imperiled species in Europe VL - 26 ID - 21121 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hao, Wei Min AU - Larkin, Narasimhan K DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.09.029 PY - 2014 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 20-25 ST - Wildland fire emissions, carbon, and climate: Wildland fire detection and burned area in the United States T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Wildland fire emissions, carbon, and climate: Wildland fire detection and burned area in the United States VL - 317 ID - 22587 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While numerous studies have addressed changes in climate extremes, analyses of concurrence of climate extremes are scarce, and climate change effects on joint extremes are rarely considered. This study assesses the occurrence of joint (concurrent) monthly continental precipitation and temperature extremes in Climate Research Unit (CRU) and University of Delaware (UD) observations, and in 13 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate simulations. The joint occurrences of precipitation and temperature extremes simulated by CMIP5 climate models are compared with those derived from the CRU and UD observations for warm/wet, warm/dry, cold/wet, and cold/dry combinations of joint extremes. The number of occurrences of these four combinations during the second half of the 20th century (1951–2004) is assessed on a common global grid. CRU and UD observations show substantial increases in the occurrence of joint warm/dry and warm/wet combinations for the period 1978–2004 relative to 1951–1977. The results show that with respect to the sign of change in the concurrent extremes, the CMIP5 climate model simulations are in reasonable overall agreement with observations. However, the results reveal notable discrepancies between regional patterns and the magnitude of change in individual climate model simulations relative to the observations of precipitation and temperature. AU - Hao, Zengchao AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Phillips, Thomas J. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034014 IS - 3 PY - 2013 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 034014 ST - Changes in concurrent monthly precipitation and temperature extremes T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Changes in concurrent monthly precipitation and temperature extremes VL - 8 ID - 21495 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hapke, Cheryl J. AU - Himmelstoss, Emily A. AU - Kratzmann, Meredith G. AU - List, Jeffrey H. AU - Thieler, E. Robert CY - Reston, VA NV - USGS Open-File Report 2010-1118 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2011 SP - 57 ST - National assessment of shoreline change: Historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts TI - National assessment of shoreline change: Historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts UR - https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20101118 ID - 21892 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hardin, E. AU - AghaKouchak, A. AU - Qomi, M. J. A. AU - Madani, K. AU - Tarroja, B. AU - Zhou, Y. AU - Yang, T. AU - Samuelsen, S. DA - 2017/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scs.2016.09.004 KW - CO emissions Drought Energy Footprint PY - 2017 SN - 2210-6707 SP - 450-452 ST - California drought increases CO2 footprint of energy T2 - Sustainable Cities and Society TI - California drought increases CO2 footprint of energy VL - 28 ID - 23775 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harding, Keith J. AU - Snyder, Peter K. AU - Liess, Stefan DO - 10.1002/2013JD019994 IS - 22 KW - dynamical downscaling CMIP5 Great Plains WRF extreme rainfall events model evaluation 0550 Model verification and validation 1626 Global climate models 1817 Extreme events 1854 Precipitation 3355 Regional modeling PY - 2013 SN - 2169-8996 SP - 12,522-12,536 ST - Use of dynamical downscaling to improve the simulation of Central U.S. warm season precipitation in CMIP5 models T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - Use of dynamical downscaling to improve the simulation of Central U.S. warm season precipitation in CMIP5 models VL - 118 ID - 21105 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harduar Morano, L. AU - Bunn, T. L. AU - Lackovic, M. AU - Lavender, A. AU - Dang, G. T. T. AU - Chalmers, J. J. AU - Li, Y. AU - Zhang, L. AU - Flammia, D. D. DO - 10.1002/ajim.22504 IS - 10 KW - heat occupational southeast hospitalization emergency department PY - 2015 SN - 1097-0274 SP - 1114-1125 ST - Occupational heat-related illness emergency department visits and inpatient hospitalizations in the southeast region, 2007–2011 T2 - American Journal of Industrial Medicine TI - Occupational heat-related illness emergency department visits and inpatient hospitalizations in the southeast region, 2007–2011 VL - 58 ID - 25043 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harduar Morano, Laurel AU - Watkins, Sharon AU - Kintziger, Kristina DO - 10.3390/ijerph13060551 IS - 6 PY - 2016 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 551 ST - A comprehensive evaluation of the burden of heat-related illness and death within the Florida population T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - A comprehensive evaluation of the burden of heat-related illness and death within the Florida population VL - 13 ID - 25044 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hardy, Dean AU - Lazrus, Heather AU - Mendez, Michael AU - Orlove, Ben AU - Rivera-Collazo, Isabel AU - Roberts, J. Timmons AU - Rockman, Marcy AU - Thomas, Kimberley AU - Warner, Benjamin P. AU - Winthrop, Robert CY - Washington, DC PB - USGCRP PY - 2018 SP - 38 ST - Social Vulnerability: Social Science Perspectives on Climate Change, Part 1 TI - Social Vulnerability: Social Science Perspectives on Climate Change, Part 1 UR - https://www.globalchange.gov/content/social-science-perspectives-climate-change-workshop ID - 26083 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fisheries oceanography is largely an applied discipline with a major goal of improving fisheries management and marine conservation. Johan Hjort's critical period hypothesis, and its decedents, remain a dominant theme and focuses on year-class success as mediated by prey availability and feeding. Bottom-up forcing, a related hypothesis, focuses on the sequential transfer of energy through the pelagic foodweb from primary productivity to fishery productivity. Another approach assumes that trophic interactions of adults determine abundance. Fisheries assessment and management, however, is based on the hypothesis that fishery abundance is determined by time-varying fishing and year-class success related to spawning-stock biomass. These approaches, their basic hypotheses, and underlying processes and mechanisms suggest very different dynamics for fishery populations. Other hypotheses challenge these traditional views: predation of early life stages, parental condition, shifting migration pathways, and physiological limits. Support for these other hypotheses is reviewed and the research needs are described to apply these hypotheses to fisheries assessment and management. Some of these hypotheses were identified by Hjort (e.g. parental condition hypothesis) and others are relative new (e.g. early life stage predation hypothesis). Moving into the future, we should focus on Hjort's approach: multi-hypothesis, integrative, and interdisciplinary. A range of hypotheses should be pursued with an emphasis on comparing and linking multiple hypotheses. The results then must be incorporated into fishery assessments and management decisions to support the long-term sustainability of exploited species and the conservation of threatened and endangered species. AU - Hare, Jonathan A. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsu018 IS - 8 N1 - 10.1093/icesjms/fsu018 PY - 2014 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 2343-2356 ST - The future of fisheries oceanography lies in the pursuit of multiple hypotheses T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - The future of fisheries oceanography lies in the pursuit of multiple hypotheses VL - 71 ID - 23382 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hare, Jonathan A. AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Fogarty, Michael J. AU - Williams, Erik H. AU - Scott, James D. DO - 10.1890/08-1863.1 IS - 2 KW - abundance Atlantic croaker climate change distribution East Coast USA environmental effects fishery management Micropogonias undulatus population dynamics PY - 2010 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 452-464 ST - Forecasting the dynamics of a coastal fishery species using a coupled climate–population model T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Forecasting the dynamics of a coastal fishery species using a coupled climate–population model VL - 20 ID - 21814 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hare, Jonathan A. AU - Borggaard, Diane L. AU - Friedland, Kevin D. AU - Anderson, Jennifer AU - Burns, Peter AU - Chu, Kevin AU - Clay, Patricia M. AU - Collins, Mathias J. AU - Cooper, Peter AU - Fratantoni, Paula S. AU - Johnson, Michael R. AU - Manderson, John P. AU - Milke, Lisa AU - Miller, Timothy J. AU - Orphanides, Christopher D. AU - Saba, Vincent S. CY - Woods Hole, MA NV - NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-239 PB - NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center PY - 2016 SP - 94 ST - Northeast Regional Action Plan: NOAA Fisheries Climate Science Strategy TI - Northeast Regional Action Plan: NOAA Fisheries Climate Science Strategy UR - https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/ecosystems/climate/rap/northeast-regional-action-plan ID - 25725 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change and decadal variability are impacting marine fish and invertebrate species worldwide and these impacts will continue for the foreseeable future. Quantitative approaches have been developed to examine climate impacts on productivity, abundance, and distribution of various marine fish and invertebrate species. However, it is difficult to apply these approaches to large numbers of species owing to the lack of mechanistic understanding sufficient for quantitative analyses, as well as the lack of scientific infrastructure to support these more detailed studies. Vulnerability assessments provide a framework for evaluating climate impacts over a broad range of species with existing information. These methods combine the exposure of a species to a stressor (climate change and decadal variability) and the sensitivity of species to the stressor. These two components are then combined to estimate an overall vulnerability. Quantitative data are used when available, but qualitative information and expert opinion are used when quantitative data is lacking. Here we conduct a climate vulnerability assessment on 82 fish and invertebrate species in the Northeast U.S. Shelf including exploited, forage, and protected species. We define climate vulnerability as the extent to which abundance or productivity of a species in the region could be impacted by climate change and decadal variability. We find that the overall climate vulnerability is high to very high for approximately half the species assessed; diadromous and benthic invertebrate species exhibit the greatest vulnerability. In addition, the majority of species included in the assessment have a high potential for a change in distribution in response to projected changes in climate. Negative effects of climate change are expected for approximately half of the species assessed, but some species are expected to be positively affected (e.g., increase in productivity or move into the region). These results will inform research and management activities related to understanding and adapting marine fisheries management and conservation to climate change and decadal variability. AU - Hare, Jonathan A. AU - Morrison, Wendy E. AU - Nelson, Mark W. AU - Stachura, Megan M. AU - Teeters, Eric J. AU - Griffis, Roger B. AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Scott, James D. AU - Alade, Larry AU - Bell, Richard J. AU - Chute, Antonie S. AU - Curti, Kiersten L. AU - Curtis, Tobey H. AU - Kircheis, Daniel AU - Kocik, John F. AU - Lucey, Sean M. AU - McCandless, Camilla T. AU - Milke, Lisa M. AU - Richardson, David E. AU - Robillard, Eric AU - Walsh, Harvey J. AU - McManus, M. Conor AU - Marancik, Katrin E. AU - Griswold, Carolyn A. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0146756 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SP - e0146756 ST - A vulnerability assessment of fish and invertebrates to climate change on the northeast U.S. continental shelf T2 - PLOS ONE TI - A vulnerability assessment of fish and invertebrates to climate change on the northeast U.S. continental shelf VL - 11 ID - 21813 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hari, Renata E. AU - Livingstone, David M. AU - Siber, Rosi AU - Burkhardt-Holm, Patricia AU - GÜTtinger, Herbert DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001051.x IS - 1 KW - Alpine rivers and streams altitude dependence brown trout climatic change habitat shift optimum temperature Proliferative Kidney Disease regional coherence sinusoidal regression water temperature PY - 2006 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 10-26 ST - Consequences of climatic change for water temperature and brown trout populations in Alpine rivers and streams T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Consequences of climatic change for water temperature and brown trout populations in Alpine rivers and streams VL - 12 ID - 21612 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harig, Christopher AU - Simons, Frederik J. DO - 10.1002/2016GL067759 IS - 7 KW - time-variable gravity climate Greenland Alaska ice sheets seasonality 0720 Glaciers 1217 Time variable gravity 1218 Mass balance 1240 Satellite geodesy: results PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 3150-3159 ST - Ice mass loss in Greenland, the Gulf of Alaska, and the Canadian Archipelago: Seasonal cycles and decadal trends T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Ice mass loss in Greenland, the Gulf of Alaska, and the Canadian Archipelago: Seasonal cycles and decadal trends VL - 43 ID - 19417 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harlan, S.L. AU - Brazel, A.J. AU - Prashad, L. AU - Stefanov, W.L. AU - Larsen, L. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.07.030 IS - 11 PY - 2006 SN - 0277-9536 SP - 2847-2863 ST - Neighborhood microclimates and vulnerability to heat stress T2 - Social Science & Medicine TI - Neighborhood microclimates and vulnerability to heat stress VL - 63 ID - 13685 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND: Most heat-related deaths occur in cities, and future trends in global climate change and urbanization may amplify this trend. Understanding how neighborhoods affect heat mortality fills an important gap between studies of individual susceptibility to heat and broadly comparative studies of temperature-mortality relationships in cities. OBJECTIVES: We estimated neighborhood effects of population characteristics and built and natural environments on deaths due to heat exposure in Maricopa County, Arizona (2000-2008). METHODS: We used 2000 U.S. Census data and remotely sensed vegetation and land surface temperature to construct indicators of neighborhood vulnerability and a geographic information system to map vulnerability and residential addresses of persons who died from heat exposure in 2,081 census block groups. Binary logistic regression and spatial analysis were used to associate deaths with neighborhoods. RESULTS: Neighborhood scores on three factors-socioeconomic vulnerability, elderly/isolation, and unvegetated area-varied widely throughout the study area. The preferred model (based on fit and parsimony) for predicting the odds of one or more deaths from heat exposure within a census block group included the first two factors and surface temperature in residential neighborhoods, holding population size constant. Spatial analysis identified clusters of neighborhoods with the highest heat vulnerability scores. A large proportion of deaths occurred among people, including homeless persons, who lived in the inner cores of the largest cities and along an industrial corridor. CONCLUSIONS: Place-based indicators of vulnerability complement analyses of person-level heat risk factors. Surface temperature might be used in Maricopa County to identify the most heat-vulnerable neighborhoods, but more attention to the socioecological complexities of climate adaptation is needed. AD - School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85284-2402, USA. sharon.harlan@asu.edu AN - 23164621 AU - Harlan, Sharon L. AU - Declet-Barreto, Juan H. AU - Stefanov, William L. AU - Petitti, Diana B. C2 - 3569676 C6 - NIEHS DA - Feb DB - DO - 10.1289/ehp.1104625 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2012/11/21 IS - 2 KW - Arizona/epidemiology Female Geographic Information Systems Heat Stress Disorders/ mortality Humans Male Residence Characteristics Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors LA - eng N1 - Harlan, Sharon L Declet-Barreto, Juan H Stefanov, William L Petitti, Diana B Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Feb;121(2):197-204. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1104625. Epub 2012 Nov 15. PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1552-9924 (Electronic) 0091-6765 (Linking) SP - 197-204 ST - Neighborhood effects on heat deaths: Social and environmental predictors of vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Neighborhood effects on heat deaths: Social and environmental predictors of vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona VL - 121 ID - 4523 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harley, Christopher D. G. AU - Randall Hughes, A. AU - Hultgren, Kristin M. AU - Miner, Benjamin G. AU - Sorte, Cascade J. B. AU - Thornber, Carol S. AU - Rodriguez, Laura F. AU - Tomanek, Lars AU - Williams, Susan L. DO - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00871.x IS - 2 KW - Anthropogenic climate change carbon dioxide (CO2) coastal oceanography community structure distributional shifts marine ecosystems ocean pH population dynamics synergistic effects temperature PY - 2006 SN - 1461-0248 SP - 228-241 ST - The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems T2 - Ecology Letters TI - The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems VL - 9 ID - 23964 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harmsen, Eric W. AU - Mesa, Santa Elizabeth Gomez AU - Cabassa, Edvier AU - Ramírez-Beltran, Nazario D. AU - Pol, Sandra Cruz AU - Kuligowski, Robert J. AU - Vasquez, Ramón IS - 8 PY - 2008 SN - 1790-5022 SP - 504-513 ST - Satellite sub-pixel rainfall variability T2 - WSEAS Transaction on Signal Processing TI - Satellite sub-pixel rainfall variability UR - https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1481986.1481994 VL - 4 ID - 25041 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harmsen, Eric W. AU - Miller, Norman L. AU - Schlegel, Nicole J. AU - Gonzalez, J. E. DA - 2009/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.02.006 IS - 7 KW - Climate change Evapotranspiration Precipitation Precipitation deficit Crop yield Downscaling GCM PY - 2009 SN - 0378-3774 SP - 1085-1095 ST - Seasonal climate change impacts on evapotranspiration, precipitation deficit and crop yield in Puerto Rico T2 - Agricultural Water Management TI - Seasonal climate change impacts on evapotranspiration, precipitation deficit and crop yield in Puerto Rico VL - 96 ID - 25040 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This exploratory study used participatory methods to identify, characterize, and rank climate-sensitive health priorities in Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada. AU - Harper, Sherilee L. AU - Edge, Victoria L. AU - Ford, James AU - Willox, Ashlee Cunsolo AU - Wood, Michele AU - McEwen, Scott A. DA - July 02 DO - 10.1186/s12889-015-1874-3 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1471-2458 SP - 605 ST - Climate-sensitive health priorities in Nunatsiavut, Canada T2 - BMC Public Health TI - Climate-sensitive health priorities in Nunatsiavut, Canada VL - 15 ID - 24939 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harpold, Adrian AU - Brooks, Paul AU - Rajagopal, Seshadri AU - Heidbuchel, Ingo AU - Jardine, Angela AU - Stielstra, Clare DO - 10.1029/2012WR011949 IS - 11 KW - climate change snowpack sublimation water resources 0736 Snow 1807 Climate impacts 1863 Snow and ice 1880 Water management PY - 2012 SN - 1944-7973 SP - W11501 ST - Changes in snowpack accumulation and ablation in the intermountain west T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Changes in snowpack accumulation and ablation in the intermountain west VL - 48 ID - 23676 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changes in the amount and timing of snowmelt have large effects on water for society and ecosystems. Using long-term records from across the western United States, we demonstrate that atmospheric humidity is a major control on how seasonal snow responds to warming temperatures. Specifically, we observe an increase in the frequency and magnitude of episodic winter melt events under higher humidity that may alter the timing of water availability. In lower-humidity regions, however, warming is associated with increased sublimation and/or evaporation from the snowpack further reducing the amount of available water in these dry regions. Management approaches to address these changes in snowmelt water resources from continued warming will require improved estimation of variable and changing atmospheric humidity.Climate change is altering historical patterns of snow accumulation and melt, threatening societal frameworks for water supply. However, decreases in spring snow water equivalent (SWE) and changes in snowmelt are not ubiquitous despite widespread warming in the western United States, highlighting the importance of latent and radiant energy fluxes in snow ablation. Here we demonstrate how atmospheric humidity and solar radiation interact with warming temperature to control snowpack ablation at 462 sites spanning a gradient in mean winter temperature from −8.9 to +2.9 °C. The most widespread response to warming was an increase in episodic, midwinter ablation events. Under humid conditions these ablation events were dominated by melt, averaging 21% (202 mm/year) of SWE. Winter ablation under dry atmospheric conditions at similar temperatures was smaller, averaging 12% (58 mm/year) of SWE and likely dominated by sublimation fluxes. These contrasting patterns result from the critical role that atmospheric humidity plays in local energy balance, with latent and longwave radiant fluxes cooling the snowpack under dry conditions and warming it under humid conditions. Similarly, spring melt rates were faster under humid conditions, yet the second most common trend was a reduction in spring melt rates associated with earlier initiation when solar radiation inputs are smaller. Our analyses demonstrate that regional differences in atmospheric humidity are a major cause of the spatial variability in snowpack response to warming. Better constraints on humidity will be critical to predicting both the amount and timing of surface water supplies under climate change. AU - Harpold, Adrian A. AU - Brooks, Paul D. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1716789115 IS - 6 PY - 2018 SP - 1215-1220 ST - Humidity determines snowpack ablation under a warming climate T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Humidity determines snowpack ablation under a warming climate VL - 115 ID - 26363 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harpold, Adrian A. AU - Dettinger, Michael AU - Rajagopal, Seshadri DO - 10.1029/2017EO068775 PY - 2017 ST - Defining snow drought and why it matters T2 - Eos TI - Defining snow drought and why it matters VL - 98 ID - 26364 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harrigan, Ryan J. AU - Thomassen, Henri A. AU - Buermann, Wolfgang AU - Smith, Thomas B. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12534 IS - 8 N1 - Ch4 PY - 2014 SN - 13541013 SP - 2417-2425 ST - A continental risk assessment of West Nile virus under climate change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - A continental risk assessment of West Nile virus under climate change VL - 20 ID - 16126 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harris, Katherine E. AU - DeGrandpre, Michael D. AU - Hales, Burke DO - 10.1002/grl.50460 IS - 11 KW - aragonite saturation states coastal upwelling Oregon coast biogeochemical processes PY - 2013 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 2720-2725 ST - Aragonite saturation state dynamics in a coastal upwelling zone T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Aragonite saturation state dynamics in a coastal upwelling zone VL - 40 ID - 20436 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We conducted a systematic review of published studies on stroke epidemiology in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). We used MeSH terms and strict inclusion criteria to search PubMed, identifying a relevant sample of 57 refereed publications. We report a consensus view in which prevalent stroke is more common, and estimates of cerebrovascular risk factors are higher, among AI/ANs than among other US populations. Like other minority groups, AI/ANs suffer stroke at younger ages than do non-Hispanic Whites. However, data on AI/AN stroke mortality are significantly compromised by racial misclassification and nonrepresentative sampling. Studies correcting for these problems have found that stroke mortality rates among AI/ANs are among the highest of all US racial and ethnic groups. As with Black and non-Hispanic White stroke mortality, AI/AN stroke mortality varies by geographic region, with the highest rates in Alaska and the Northwest and the lowest in the Southwest. Our results underscore the need for a concerted national effort to collect accurate cross-sectional and longitudinal data on stroke in AI/ANs. AU - Harris, Raymond AU - Nelson, Lonnie A. AU - Muller, Clemma AU - Buchwald, Dedra DO - 10.2105/ajph.2015.302698 IS - 8 PY - 2015 SP - e16-e26 ST - Stroke in American Indians and Alaska Natives: A systematic review T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Stroke in American Indians and Alaska Natives: A systematic review VL - 105 ID - 24938 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harrison, Conor AU - Popke, Jeff DA - 2011/07/01 DO - 10.1080/00045608.2011.569659 IS - 4 PY - 2011 SN - 0004-5608 SP - 949-961 ST - “Because you got to have heat”: The networked assemblage of energy poverty in eastern North Carolina T2 - Annals of the Association of American Geographers TI - “Because you got to have heat”: The networked assemblage of energy poverty in eastern North Carolina VL - 101 ID - 26317 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harrison, P. A. AU - Berry, P. M. AU - Simpson, G. AU - Haslett, J. R. AU - Blicharska, M. AU - Bucur, M. AU - Dunford, R. AU - Egoh, B. AU - Garcia-Llorente, M. AU - Geamănă, N. AU - Geertsema, W. AU - Lommelen, E. AU - Meiresonne, L. AU - Turkelboom, F. DA - 2014/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05.006 KW - Biodiversity Ecosystem service Attribute Trait Ecosystem function Network analysis PY - 2014 SN - 2212-0416 SP - 191-203 ST - Linkages between biodiversity attributes and ecosystem services: A systematic review T2 - Ecosystem Services TI - Linkages between biodiversity attributes and ecosystem services: A systematic review VL - 9 ID - 25723 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change impact assessments often apply models of individual sectors such as agriculture, forestry and water use without considering interactions between these sectors. This is likely to lead to misrepresentation of impacts, and consequently to poor decisions about climate adaptation. However, no published research assesses the differences between impacts simulated by single-sector and integrated models. Here we compare 14 indicators derived from a set of impact models run within single-sector and integrated frameworks across a range of climate and socio-economic scenarios in Europe. We show that single-sector studies misrepresent the spatial pattern, direction and magnitude of most impacts because they omit the complex interdependencies within human and environmental systems. The discrepancies are particularly pronounced for indicators such as food production and water exploitation, which are highly influenced by other sectors through changes in demand, land suitability and resource competition. Furthermore, the discrepancies are greater under different socio-economic scenarios than different climate scenarios, and at the sub-regional rather than Europe-wide scale. AU - Harrison, Paula A. AU - Dunford, Robert W. AU - Holman, Ian P. AU - Rounsevell, Mark D. A. DA - 09//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate3039 IS - 9 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 885-890 ST - Climate change impact modelling needs to include cross-sectoral interactions T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Climate change impact modelling needs to include cross-sectoral interactions VL - 6 ID - 21434 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Dodson, J. AU - Harrison, Sandy P AU - Marlon, Jennifer R AU - Bartlein, Patrick J C4 - 1b6dc357-ce24-4e94-9606-0f41bdb36394 CY - Dordrecht DO - 10.1007/978-90-481-8716-4_3 PB - Springer PY - 2010 SN - 978-90-481-8715-7 (print) 978-90-481-8716-4 (online) SP - 21-48 ST - Fire in the Earth system SV - International Year of Planet Earth T2 - Changing Climates, Earth Systems and Society TI - Fire in the Earth system ID - 22588 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study used Landsat-based detection of spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreak over the years 2000–2014 across the Southern Rocky Mountain Ecoregion to examine the spatiotemporal patterns of outbreak and assess the influence of temperature, drought, forest characteristics, and previous spruce beetle activity on outbreak development. During the 1999–2013 period, time series of spruce beetle activity were highly spatially correlated (r > 0.5) at distances <5 km, but remained weakly correlated (r = 0.08) at distances >400 km. Furthermore, cluster analysis on time series of outbreak activity revealed the outbreak developed at multiple incipient locations and spread to unaffected forest, highlighting the importance of both local-scale dispersal and regional-scale drivers in synchronizing spruce beetle outbreak. Spatial overlay analysis and Random Forest modeling of outbreak development show that outbreaks initiate in areas characterized by summer, winter, and multi-year drought and that outbreak spread is strongly linked to the proximity and extent of nearby outbreak, but remains associated with drought. Notably, we find that spruce beetle outbreak is associated with low peak snow water equivalent, not just summer drought. As such, future alterations to both winter and summer precipitation regimes are likely to drive important changes in subalpine forests. AU - Hart, Sarah J. AU - Veblen, Thomas T. AU - Schneider, Dominik AU - Molotch, Noah P. DO - 10.1002/ecy.1963 IS - 10 PY - 2017 SP - 2698-2707 ST - Summer and winter drought drive the initiation and spread of spruce beetle outbreak T2 - Ecology TI - Summer and winter drought drive the initiation and spread of spruce beetle outbreak VL - 98 ID - 25969 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hartley, Daniel CY - Cleveland, OH KW - added by ERG NV - Economic Commentary 2013-06 PB - Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland PY - 2013 SP - 6 ST - Urban Decline in Rust-Belt Cities TI - Urban Decline in Rust-Belt Cities UR - https://www.clevelandfed.org/newsroom-and-events/publications/economic-commentary/2013-economic-commentaries/ec-201306-urban-decline-in-rust-belt-cities.aspx ID - 23138 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The 1976 Pacific climate shift is examined, and its manifestations and significance in Alaskan climatology during the last half-century are demonstrated. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation index shifted in 1976 from dominantly negative values for the 25-yr time period 1951–75 to dominantly positive values for the period 1977–2001. Mean annual and seasonal temperatures for the positive phase were up to 3.1°C higher than for the negative phase. Likewise, mean cloudiness, wind speeds, and precipitation amounts increased, while mean sea level pressure and geopotential heights decreased. The pressure decrease resulted in a deepening of the Aleutian low in winter and spring. The intensification of the Aleutian low increased the advection of relatively warm and moist air to Alaska and storminess over the state during winter and spring. The regime shift is also examined for its effect on the long-term temperature trends throughout the state. The trends that have shown climatic warming are strongly biased by the sudden shift in 1976 from the cooler regime to a warmer regime. When analyzing the total time period from 1951 to 2001, warming is observed; however, the 25-yr period trend analyses before 1976 (1951–75) and thereafter (1977–2001) both display cooling, with a few exceptions. In this paper, emphasis is placed on the importance of taking into account the sudden changes that result from abrupt climatic shifts, persistent regimes, and the possibility of cyclic oscillations, such as the PDO, in the analysis of long-term climate change in Alaska. AU - Hartmann, Brian AU - Wendler, Gerd DO - 10.1175/JCLI3532.1 IS - 22 PY - 2005 SP - 4824-4839 ST - The significance of the 1976 Pacific climate shift in the climatology of Alaska T2 - Journal of Climate TI - The significance of the 1976 Pacific climate shift in the climatology of Alaska VL - 18 ID - 19826 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Hartmann, D.L. AU - Klein Tank, A.M.G. AU - Rusticucci, M. AU - Alexander, L.V. AU - Brönnimann, S. AU - Charabi, Y. AU - Dentener, F.J. AU - Dlugokencky, E.J. AU - Easterling, D.R. AU - Kaplan, A. AU - Soden, B.J. AU - Thorne, P.W. AU - Wild, M. AU - Zhai, P.M. C4 - 47a5196b-4fba-4fdb-8647-8945627725bb CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 SE - 2 SN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 159–254 ST - Observations: Atmosphere and surface T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Observations: Atmosphere and surface UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ ID - 16455 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Shifting dietary patterns for environmental benefits has long been advocated. In relation to mitigating climate change, the debate has been more recent, with a growing interest from policy makers, academics, and society. Many researchers have highlighted the need for changes to food consumption in order to achieve the required greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions. So far, food consumption has not been anchored in climate change policy to the same extent as energy production and usage, nor has it been considered within the context of achieving GHG targets to a level where tangible outputs are available. Here, we address those issues by performing a relatively simple analysis that considers the extent to which one food exchange could contribute to achieving GHG reduction targets in the United States (US). We use the targeted reduction for 2020 as a reference and apply published Life Cycle Assessment data on GHG emissions to beans and beef consumed in the US. We calculate the difference in GHGs resulting from the replacement of beef with beans in terms of both calories and protein. Our results demonstrate that substituting one food for another, beans for beef, could achieve approximately 46 to 74% of the reductions needed to meet the 2020 GHG target for the US. In turn, this shift would free up 42% of US cropland (692,918 km2). While not currently recognized as a climate policy option, the “beans for beef” scenario offers significant climate change mitigation and other environmental benefits, illustrating the high potential of animal to plant food shifts. AU - Harwatt, Helen AU - Sabaté, Joan AU - Eshel, Gidon AU - Soret, Sam AU - Ripple, William DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1969-1 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 261-270 ST - Substituting beans for beef as a contribution toward US climate change targets T2 - Climatic Change TI - Substituting beans for beef as a contribution toward US climate change targets VL - 143 ID - 25564 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study quantified the impacts of climate change on human health through undernourishment using two economic measures. First, changes in morbidity and mortality due to nine diseases caused by being underweight as a child were analyzed using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model with changes in the labor force, population, and demands for healthcare taken into consideration. Second, changes in mortality were taken from the CGE simulation and assessed economically by the value of lives lost and willingness to pay to reduce the risk. Model uncertainties in future crop yields and climate conditions were considered using future projections from six global crop models and five global climate models. We found that the economic valuation of healthy lives lost due to undernourishment under climate change was equivalent to −0.4 % to 0.0 % of global gross domestic product (GDP) and was regionally heterogeneous, ranging from −4.0 % to 0.0 % of regional GDP in 2100. In contrast, the actual economic losses associated with the effects of additional health expenditure and the decrease in the labor force due to undernourishment resulting from climate change corresponded to a − 0.1 % to 0.0 % change in GDP and a − 0.2 % to 0.0 % change in household consumption, respectively, at the global level. AU - Hasegawa, Tomoko AU - Fujimori, Shinichiro AU - Takahashi, Kiyoshi AU - Yokohata, Tokuta AU - Masui, Toshihiko DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1606-4 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 189-202 ST - Economic implications of climate change impacts on human health through undernourishment T2 - Climatic Change TI - Economic implications of climate change impacts on human health through undernourishment VL - 136 ID - 25326 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Anderson, Terry AU - Hatfield, Jerry AU - Swanston, Christopher AU - Janowiak, Maria AU - Steele, Rachel F. AU - Hempel, Jon AU - Bochicchio, Juliet AU - Hall, Wendy AU - Cole, Marlene AU - Hestvik, Sharon AU - Whitaker, John PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture PY - 2015 SP - 55 ST - USDA Midwest and Northern Forests Regional Climate Hub: Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies TI - USDA Midwest and Northern Forests Regional Climate Hub: Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies UR - https://www.climatehubs.oce.usda.gov/content/usda-midwest-and-northern-forests-regional-climate-hub-assessment-climate-change ID - 23616 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Hatfield, Jerry AU - Takle, Gene AU - Grotjahn, Richard AU - Holden, Patrick AU - Izaurralde, R. Cesar AU - Mader, Terry AU - Marshall, Elizabeth AU - Liverman, Diana C4 - e3a33475-9c92-40f7-9745-3d5afcadb3f1 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J02Z13FR PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 150-174 ST - Ch. 6: Agriculture T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 6: Agriculture ID - 8650 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changes in temperature, CO(2), and precipitation under the scenarios of climate change for the next 30 yr present a challenge to crop production. This review focuses on the impact of temperature, CO(2), and ozone on agronomic crops and the implications for crop production. Understanding these implications for agricultural crops is critical for developing cropping systems resilient to stresses induced by climate change. There is variation among crops in their response to CO(2), temperature, and precipitation changes and, with the regional differences in predicted climate, a situation is created in which the responses will be further complicated. For example, the temperature effects on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] could potentially cause yield reductions of 2.4% in the South but an increase of 1.7% in the Midwest. The frequency of years when temperatures exceed thresholds for damage during critical growth stages is likely to increase for some crops and regions. The increase in CO(2) contributes significantly to enhanced plant growth and improved water use efficiency (WUE); however, there may be a downscaling of these positive impacts due to higher temperatures plants will experience during their growth cycle. A challenge is to understand the interactions of the changing climatic parameters because of the interactions among temperature, CO(2), and precipitation on plant growth and development and also on the biotic stresses of weeds, insects, and diseases. Agronomists will have to consider the variations in temperature and precipitation as part of the production system if they are to ensure the food security required by an ever increasing population. AD - Hatfield, JL; Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA; Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA; Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA; Univ Florida, Agron Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA; USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA; Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Cornell Univ, Dep Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA AU - Hatfield, J. L. AU - Boote, K. J. AU - Kimball, B. A. AU - Ziska, L. H. AU - Izaurralde, R. C. AU - Ort, D. AU - Thomson, A. M. AU - Wolfe, D. C6 - NCA DA - Mar-Apr DO - 10.2134/agronj2010.0303 IS - 2 KW - air co2 enrichment; atmospheric carbon-dioxide; water-use efficiency; phaseolus-vulgaris l.; solanum-tuberosum l.; rottboellia-cochinchinensis interference; endosperm cell-division; high-temperature stress; soybean glycine-max; long-term exposure LA - English PY - 2011 SN - 1435-0645 SP - 351-370 ST - Climate impacts on agriculture: Implications for crop production T2 - Agronomy Journal TI - Climate impacts on agriculture: Implications for crop production VL - 103 ID - 13698 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hatfield, Jerry L. AU - Prueger, John H. DA - 2015/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.wace.2015.08.001 IS - Part A KW - Temperature stress Crop production Pollination Phenology Plant growth PY - 2015 SN - 2212-0947 SP - 4-10 ST - Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development T2 - Weather and Climate Extremes TI - Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development VL - 10 ID - 23528 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hatfield, Jerry L. AU - Walthall, Charles L. DO - 10.2134/agronj15.0076 IS - 4 LA - English PY - 2015 SP - 1215-1226 ST - Meeting global food needs: Realizing the potential via genetics × environment × management interactions T2 - Agronomy Journal TI - Meeting global food needs: Realizing the potential via genetics × environment × management interactions VL - 107 ID - 23529 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) are the dominant grain crops across the Midwest and are grown on 75% of the arable land with small but economically important crops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) but economically important crops. Historically, there have been variations in annual yields for maize and soybean related to the seasonal weather patterns. Key concerns are the impacts of future climate change on maize and soybean production and their vulnerability to future climate changes. To evaluate these, we analyzed the yield gaps as the difference between the attainable and actual yield at the county level and observed meteorological data to determine which seasonal meteorological variables were dominant in quantifying the actual/attainable yields. July maximum temperatures, August minimum temperatures, and July–August total precipitation were found to be the significant factors affecting the yield gap. These relationships were used to estimate the change in the yield gap through 2100 using both the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 climate scenarios for these variables for selected counties across the Midwest. Yield gaps increased with time for maize across the Midwest with the largest increases in the southern portion of the Corn Belt showing a large north-south gradient in the increase of the yield gap and minimal east-west gradient. Soybean was not as sensitive as maize because the projected temperatures do not exceed optimum temperature ranges for growth and reductions in production that are more sensitive to precipitation changes during the reproductive stages. Adaptation strategies for maize and soybean will require more innovation than simple agronomic management and require the linkage between geneticists, agronomists, and agricultural meteorologists to develop innovative strategies to preserve production in the Midwest. AU - Hatfield, J. L. AU - Wright-Morton, Lois AU - Hall, Beth DA - June 12 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1997-x IS - 1-2 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 263-275 ST - Vulnerability of grain crops and croplands in the Midwest to climatic variability and adaptation strategies T2 - Climatic Change TI - Vulnerability of grain crops and croplands in the Midwest to climatic variability and adaptation strategies VL - 146 ID - 23530 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hauer, Mathew E. DA - 05//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate3271 IS - 5 M3 - Letter PY - 2017 SN - 1758-678X SP - 321-325 ST - Migration induced by sea-level rise could reshape the US population landscape T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Migration induced by sea-level rise could reshape the US population landscape VL - 7 ID - 21812 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hauer, Mathew E AU - Evans, Jason M AU - Mishra, Deepak R DO - 10.1038/nclimate2961 IS - 7 PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 691-695 ST - Millions projected to be at risk from sea-level rise in the continental United States T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Millions projected to be at risk from sea-level rise in the continental United States VL - 6 ID - 22589 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hauri, C. AU - Gruber, N. AU - Vogt, M. AU - Doney, S. C. AU - Feely, R. A. AU - Lachkar, Z. AU - Leinweber, A. AU - McDonnell, A. M. P. AU - Munnich, M. AU - Plattner, G. K. DO - 10.5194/bg-10-193-2013 IS - 1 N1 - BG PY - 2013 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 193-216 ST - Spatiotemporal variability and long-term trends of ocean acidification in the California Current System T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Spatiotemporal variability and long-term trends of ocean acidification in the California Current System VL - 10 ID - 24865 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sea surface temperature (SST) records are subject to potential biases due to changing instrumentation and measurement practices. Significant differences exist between commonly used composite SST reconstructions from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Extended Reconstruction Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST), the Hadley Centre SST data set (HadSST3), and the Japanese Meteorological Agency’s Centennial Observation-Based Estimates of SSTs (COBE-SST) from 2003 to the present. The update from ERSST version 3b to version 4 resulted in an increase in the operational SST trend estimate during the last 19 years from 0.07° to 0.12°C per decade, indicating a higher rate of warming in recent years. We show that ERSST version 4 trends generally agree with largely independent, near-global, and instrumentally homogeneous SST measurements from floating buoys, Argo floats, and radiometer-based satellite measurements that have been developed and deployed during the past two decades. We find a large cooling bias in ERSST version 3b and smaller but significant cooling biases in HadSST3 and COBE-SST from 2003 to the present, with respect to most series examined. These results suggest that reported rates of SST warming in recent years have been underestimated in these three data sets. AU - Hausfather, Zeke AU - Cowtan, Kevin AU - Clarke, David C. AU - Jacobs, Peter AU - Richardson, Mark AU - Rohde, Robert DO - 10.1126/sciadv.1601207 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - e1601207 ST - Assessing recent warming using instrumentally homogeneous sea surface temperature records T2 - Science Advances TI - Assessing recent warming using instrumentally homogeneous sea surface temperature records VL - 3 ID - 20761 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Humans have effectively transported thousands of species around the globe and, with accelerated trade; the rate of introductions has increased over time. Aquatic ecosystems seem at particular risk from invasive species because of threats to biodiversity and human needs for water resources. Here, we review some known aspects of aquatic invasive species (AIS) and explore several new questions. We describe impacts of AIS, factors limiting their dispersal, and the role that humans play in transporting AIS. We also review the characteristics of species that should be the greatest threat for future invasions, including those that pave the way for invasions by other species (“invasional meltdown”). Susceptible aquatic communities, such as reservoirs, may serve as stepping stones for invasions of new landscapes. Some microbes disperse long distance, infect new hosts and grow in the external aquatic medium, a process that has consequences for human health. We also discuss the interaction between species invasions and other human impacts (climate change, landscape conversion), as well as the possible connection of invasions with regime shifts in lakes. Since many invaders become permanent features of the environment, we discuss how humans live with invasive species, and conclude with questions for future research. AU - Havel, John E. AU - Kovalenko, Katya E. AU - Thomaz, Sidinei Magela AU - Amalfitano, Stefano AU - Kats, Lee B. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10750-014-2166-0 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-5117 SP - 147-170 ST - Aquatic invasive species: Challenges for the future T2 - Hydrobiologia TI - Aquatic invasive species: Challenges for the future VL - 750 ID - 23400 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Havlík, Petr AU - Valin, Hugo AU - Mosnier, Aline AU - Obersteiner, Michael AU - Baker, Justin S. AU - Herrero, Mario AU - Rufino, Mariana C. AU - Schmid, Erwin DO - 10.1093/ajae/aas085 IS - 2 N1 - 10.1093/ajae/aas085 PY - 2013 SN - 0002-9092 SP - 442-448 ST - Crop productivity and the global livestock sector: Implications for land use change and greenhouse gas emissions T2 - American Journal of Agricultural Economics TI - Crop productivity and the global livestock sector: Implications for land use change and greenhouse gas emissions VL - 95 ID - 23532 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Southwestern US is a five-state region that has supported animal agriculture since the late 16th Century when European settlers crossed the Rio Grande into present day west Texas and southern New Mexico with herds of cattle, sheep, goats and horses. For the past 400 years the rangeland livestock industry, in its many forms and manifestations, has developed management strategies and conservation practices that impart resilience to the climatic extremes, especially prolonged droughts, that are common and extensive across this region. Livestock production from rangelands in the southwest (SW) is adapted to low rainfall and high ambient temperatures, but will have to continue to adapt management strategies, such as reduced stocking rates, proper grazing management practices, employing animal genetics suited to arid environments with less herbaceous production, erosion control conservation practices, and alternative forage supplies, in an increasingly arid and variable climatic environment. Even though the aging demographics of western ranchers could be a deterrent to implementing various adaptations, there are examples of creative management coalitions to cope with climatic change that are emerging in the SW that can serve as instructive examples. More importantly, there are additional opportunities for incorporation of transformative practices and technologies that can sustain animal agriculture in the SW in a warmer environment. Animal agriculture in the SW is inherently resilient, and has the capacity to adapt and transform as needed to the climatic changes that are now occurring and will continue to occur across this region. However, producers and land managers will need to thoroughly understand the vulnerabilities and sensitivities that face them as well as the ecological characteristics of their specific landscapes in order to cope with the emerging climatic changes across the SW region. AU - Havstad, K. M. AU - Brown, J. R. AU - Estell, R. AU - Elias, E. AU - Rango, A. AU - Steele, C. DA - November 08 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1834-7 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 ST - Vulnerabilities of southwestern U.S. rangeland-based animal agriculture to climate change T2 - Climatic Change TI - Vulnerabilities of southwestern U.S. rangeland-based animal agriculture to climate change ID - 23531 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hawai‘i Climate Commission CY - Honolulu, HI PB - Hawai‘i Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Commission PY - 2017 SP - 264 ST - Hawaiʻi Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report TI - Hawaiʻi Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report UR - https://climateadaptation.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SLR-Report_Dec2017.pdf ID - 25869 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hawai‘i Fresh Water Initiative CY - Honolulu, HI PB - Hawai‘i Community Foundation PY - 2015 SP - 23 ST - A Blueprint for Action: Water Security for an Uncertain Future 2016-2018 TI - A Blueprint for Action: Water Security for an Uncertain Future 2016-2018 UR - http://issuu.com/hcfhawaii/docs/fresh_water_blueprint_final_062215__46c6615e6e60a5?e=1137810/33103441 ID - 22445 ER - TY - WEB AU - Hawai‘i Toursim Authority CY - Honolulu, HI KW - Hawaii grey literature PB - Hawai‘i Toursim Authority PY - 2016 SP - 180 ST - 2015 Annual Visitor Research Report TI - 2015 Annual Visitor Research Report UR - http://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/visitor/visitor-research/2015-annual-visitor.pdf ID - 22446 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hawaii Office of Planning CY - Honolulu, HI DA - 2012 PB - Hawaii Department of Business Economic Development & Tourism, Office of Planning PY - 2012 SP - 47 ST - Increased Food Security and Food Self-Sufficiency Strategy TI - Increased Food Security and Food Self-Sufficiency Strategy UR - http://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/op/spb/INCREASED_FOOD_SECURITY_AND_FOOD_SELF_SUFFICIENCY_STRATEGY.pdf ID - 22516 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hawbaker, Todd J AU - Radeloff, Volker C AU - Hammer, Roger B AU - Clayton, Murray K DO - 10.1007/s10980-004-5647-0 IS - 5 PY - 2005 SN - 0921-2973 SP - 609-625 ST - Road density and landscape pattern in relation to housing density, and ownership, land cover, and soils T2 - Landscape ecology TI - Road density and landscape pattern in relation to housing density, and ownership, land cover, and soils VL - 20 ID - 22590 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Hawkes, Logan CY - Irving, TX M1 - May 5 PB - FarmProgress/Informa PY - 2016 ST - Texas Rice Belt flooded by heavy rains T2 - Southwest FarmPress TI - Texas Rice Belt flooded by heavy rains UR - http://www.southwestfarmpress.com/grains/texas-rice-belt-flooded-heavy-rains ID - 23289 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hawkins, E. AU - Sutton, R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/2009BAMS2607.1 IS - 8 PY - 2009 SN - 0003-0007 SP - 1095-1107 ST - The potential to narrow uncertainty in regional climate predictions T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - The potential to narrow uncertainty in regional climate predictions VL - 90 ID - 13704 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hawkins, E. AU - Sutton, R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s00382-010-0810-6 IS - 1 PY - 2011 SN - 0930-7575 SP - 407-418 ST - The potential to narrow uncertainty in projections of regional precipitation change T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - The potential to narrow uncertainty in projections of regional precipitation change VL - 37 ID - 13705 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hay, Carling C. AU - Morrow, Eric AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Mitrovica, Jerry X. DA - 01/22/print DO - 10.1038/nature14093 IS - 7535 M3 - Letter PY - 2015 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 481-484 ST - Probabilistic reanalysis of twentieth-century sea-level rise T2 - Nature TI - Probabilistic reanalysis of twentieth-century sea-level rise VL - 517 ID - 19418 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hay, Lauren E. AU - Markstrom, Steven L. AU - Ward-Garrison, Christian C6 - NCA DA - 2011/06/01 DO - 10.1175/2010ei370.1 IS - 17 PY - 2011 SP - 1-37 ST - Watershed-scale response to climate change through the twenty-first century for selected basins across the United States T2 - Earth Interactions TI - Watershed-scale response to climate change through the twenty-first century for selected basins across the United States VL - 15 Y2 - 2013/08/02 ID - 13706 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hayden, Michael CY - Topeka, KS PB - Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism PY - 2011 SP - 31 ST - The Changing Face of Kansas [Wheat State Whirlwind Tour presentation] TI - The Changing Face of Kansas [Wheat State Whirlwind Tour presentation] UR - http://www.wheatstate.ku.edu/pdf/2011-WSWTChange_Face_Kansas.pdf ID - 25794 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hayhoe, Katharine CY - [Lubbock, TX] PB - Texas Tech University PY - 2013 SP - various ST - Quantifying Key Drivers of Climate Variability and Change for Puerto Rico and the Caribbean TI - Quantifying Key Drivers of Climate Variability and Change for Puerto Rico and the Caribbean UR - http://www.thinkamap.com/share/IndividualGISdata/PDFs/KatherineHayhoe_CaribbeanFinalReport.pdf ID - 25083 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Hayhoe, K. AU - Edmonds, J. AU - Kopp, R.E. AU - LeGrande, A.N. AU - Sanderson, B.M. AU - Wehner, M.F. AU - Wuebbles, D.J. C4 - 9c909a77-a1d9-477d-82fc-468a6b1af771 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J0WH2N54 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 4 SP - 133-160 ST - Climate models, scenarios, and projections T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Climate models, scenarios, and projections ID - 21562 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Hayhoe, K. AU - Wuebbles, D.J. AU - Easterling, D.R. AU - Fahey, D.W. AU - Doherty, S. AU - Kossin, J. AU - Sweet, W. AU - Vose, R. AU - Wehner, M. C4 - 58b26e2d-f092-42b2-8fb9-0cc376597d36 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH2 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 2 SP - xxx ST - Our Changing Climate T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Our Changing Climate ID - 26636 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Human-environment connections are the subject of much study, and the details of those connections are crucial factors in effective environmental management. In a large, interdisciplinary study of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem involving disciplines from physical oceanography to anthropology, one of the research teams examined commercial fisheries and another looked at subsistence harvests by Alaska Natives. Commercial fisheries and subsistence harvests are extensive, demonstrating strong connections between the ecosystem and the humans who use it. At the same time, however, both research teams concluded that the influence of ecosystem conditions on the outcomes of human activities was weaker than anticipated. Likely explanations of this apparently loose coupling include the ability of fishers and hunters to adjust to variable conditions, and the role of social systems and management in moderating the direct effects of changes in the ecosystem. We propose a new conceptual model for future studies that incorporates a greater range of social factors and their dynamics, in addition to similarly detailed examinations of the ecosystem itself. AU - Haynie, Alan C. AU - Huntington, Henry P. C7 - 6 DO - 10.5751/ES-08729-210406 IS - 4 KW - Bering Sea commercial fisheries ecosystem studies human-environment connections subsistence PY - 2016 SP - Art. 6 ST - Strong connections, loose coupling: The influence of the Bering Sea ecosystem on commercial fisheries and subsistence harvests in Alaska T2 - Ecology and Society TI - Strong connections, loose coupling: The influence of the Bering Sea ecosystem on commercial fisheries and subsistence harvests in Alaska VL - 21 ID - 24830 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Haynie, A. C., and Pfeiffer, L. 2012. Why economics matters for understanding the effects of climate change on fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: .Research attempting to predict the effect of climate change on fisheries often neglects to consider how harvesters respond to changing economic, institutional, and environmental conditions, which leads to the overly simplistic prediction of “fisheries follow fish”. However, climate effects on fisheries can be complex because they arise through physical, biological, and economic mechanisms that interact or may not be well understood. Although most researchers find it obvious to include physical and biological factors in predicting the effects of climate change on fisheries, the behaviour of fish harvesters also matters for these predictions. A general but succinct conceptual framework for investigating the effects of climate change on fisheries that incorporates the biological and economic factors that determine how fisheries operate is presented. The use of this framework will result in more complete, reliable, and relevant investigations of the effects of climate change on fisheries. The uncertainty surrounding long-term projections, however, is inherent in the complexity of the system. AU - Haynie, Alan C. AU - Pfeiffer, Lisa DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fss021 IS - 7 N1 - 10.1093/icesjms/fss021 PY - 2012 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 1160-1167 ST - Why economics matters for understanding the effects of climate change on fisheries T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Why economics matters for understanding the effects of climate change on fisheries VL - 69 ID - 24866 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Haynie, Alan C. AU - Pfeiffer, Lisa DA - 2013/06/01 DO - 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0265 IS - 6 PY - 2013 SN - 0706-652X SP - 841-853 ST - Climatic and economic drivers of the Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) fishery: Implications for the future T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences TI - Climatic and economic drivers of the Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) fishery: Implications for the future VL - 70 Y2 - 2017/09/19 ID - 22209 ER - TY - JOUR AU - He, Jie AU - Soden, Brian J. DA - 11/14/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3157 PY - 2016 SP - 53 ST - A re-examination of the projected subtropical precipitation decline T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - A re-examination of the projected subtropical precipitation decline VL - 7 ID - 25236 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Headey, Derek DA - 2011/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.10.003 IS - 2 KW - World food crisis International grain trade Export restrictions Demand surges PY - 2011 SN - 0306-9192 SP - 136-146 ST - Rethinking the global food crisis: The role of trade shocks T2 - Food Policy TI - Rethinking the global food crisis: The role of trade shocks VL - 36 ID - 25270 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heald, C. L. AU - Henze, D. K. AU - Horowitz, L. W. AU - Feddema, J. AU - Lamarque, J. F. AU - Guenther, A. AU - Hess, P. G. AU - Vitt, F. AU - Seinfeld, J. H. AU - Goldstein, A. H. AU - Fung, I. DO - 10.1029/2007JD009092 IS - D5 KW - SOA climate MEGAN 0305 Aerosols and particles 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions 0322 Constituent sources and sinks 0325 Evolution of the atmosphere 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry PY - 2008 SN - 2156-2202 SP - D05211 ST - Predicted change in global secondary organic aerosol concentrations in response to future climate, emissions, and land use change T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Predicted change in global secondary organic aerosol concentrations in response to future climate, emissions, and land use change VL - 113 ID - 24262 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Hearn, G. J. CY - London DO - 10.1144/EGSP24 M1 - Engineering Geology Special Publication 24 PB - Geological Society PY - 2011 SN - 978-1-86239-331-8 SP - 301 ST - Slope Engineering for Mountain Roads TI - Slope Engineering for Mountain Roads ID - 24578 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hecht, Sean B. PY - 2008 SP - 1559-1620 ST - Climate change and the transformation of risk: Insurance matters T2 - UCLA Law Review TI - Climate change and the transformation of risk: Insurance matters UR - https://www.uclalawreview.org/climate-change-and-the-transformation-of-risk-insurance-matters/ VL - 2008 ID - 24024 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Gerrard, Michael B. A2 - Kuh, Katrina Fischer AU - Hecht, Sean B. C4 - c443b729-0f06-406c-a104-f8ba1ca38aeb CY - Chicago, IL N1 - Also UCLA School of Law Research Paper No. 13-12 PB - American Bar Association PY - 2012 SE - 14 SN - 978-1614386964 SP - 511-541 ST - Insurance T2 - The Law of Adaptation to Climate Change: U.S. and Inernational Aspects TI - Insurance UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2254113 ID - 24023 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Under the Paris Agreement, 195 nations have committed to holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to strive to limit the increase to 1.5 °C (ref. 1 ). It is noted that this requires "a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of the century" 1 . This either calls for zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or a balance between positive and negative emissions (NE)2,3. Roadmaps and socio-economic scenarios compatible with a 2 °C or 1.5 °C goal depend upon NE via bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) to balance remaining GHG emissions4–7. However, large-scale deployment of BECCS would imply significant impacts on many Earth system components besides atmospheric CO2 concentrations8,9. Here we explore the feasibility of NE via BECCS from dedicated plantations and potential trade-offs with planetary boundaries (PBs)10,11 for multiple socio-economic pathways. We show that while large-scale BECCS is intended to lower the pressure on the PB for climate change, it would most likely steer the Earth system closer to the PB for freshwater use and lead to further transgression of the PBs for land-system change, biosphere integrity and biogeochemical flows. AU - Heck, Vera AU - Gerten, Dieter AU - Lucht, Wolfgang AU - Popp, Alexander DA - 2018/02/01 DO - 10.1038/s41558-017-0064-y IS - 2 PY - 2018 SN - 1758-6798 SP - 151-155 ST - Biomass-based negative emissions difficult to reconcile with planetary boundaries T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Biomass-based negative emissions difficult to reconcile with planetary boundaries VL - 8 ID - 25198 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hedlund, Christina AU - Blomstedt, Yulia AU - Schumann, Barbara DA - 2014-07-01 DO - 10.3402/gha.v7.24161 ET - 2014-01-03 IS - 1 KW - infectious diseases climatic factors Arctic subarctic region systematic reviews PY - 2014 SN - 1654-9880 SP - 24161 ST - Association of climatic factors with infectious diseases in the Arctic and subarctic region—A systematic review T2 - Global Health Action TI - Association of climatic factors with infectious diseases in the Arctic and subarctic region—A systematic review VL - 7 ID - 22210 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While genetic rescue is known to benefit population viability, the duration of that benefit is poorly understood. We document what appears to be the waning benefit of genetic rescue after approximately 2–3 generations for the wolf population in Isle Royale National Park. The fitness benefit of genetic rescue declined because of inbreeding and population abundance declined when the inbred individuals exhibited low reproduction and survival. Only detailed studies of other cases will reveal what aspects of these dynamics represent general features of genetic rescue. We also present evidence indicating that numerous past immigration events have likely gone undetected. This finding is of particular significance because the Isle Royale wolf population has maintained good population viability for decades even though it was small and thought to be isolated from the mainland population of wolves. Past gene flow also suggests that human-assisted gene flow is necessary to conserve the ecosystem services associated with predation, since climate warming has reduced the frequency of ice bridges and with it the only opportunity for unassisted gene flow. AU - Hedrick, Philip W. AU - Peterson, Rolf O. AU - Vucetich, Leah M. AU - Adams, Jennifer R. AU - Vucetich, John A. DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s10592-014-0604-1 IS - 5 LB - Hedrick2014 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1572-9737 SP - 1111-1121 ST - Genetic rescue in Isle Royale wolves: Genetic analysis and the collapse of the population T2 - Conservation Genetics TI - Genetic rescue in Isle Royale wolves: Genetic analysis and the collapse of the population VL - 15 ID - 26424 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heeres, Niels AU - Tillema, Taede AU - Arts, Jos DA - 2016/07/02 DO - 10.1080/14649357.2016.1193888 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 1464-9357 SP - 421-443 ST - Dealing with interrelatedness and fragmentation in road infrastructure planning: An analysis of integrated approaches throughout the planning process in the Netherlands T2 - Planning Theory & Practice TI - Dealing with interrelatedness and fragmentation in road infrastructure planning: An analysis of integrated approaches throughout the planning process in the Netherlands VL - 17 ID - 21433 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Heeter, Jenny AU - Cook, Jeffrey J. AU - Bird, Lori CY - Golden, CO PB - National Renewable Energy Laboratory PY - 2017 SN - NREL/TP-6A20-69080 SP - 43 ST - Charting the Emergence of Corporate Procurement of Utility-Scale PV TI - Charting the Emergence of Corporate Procurement of Utility-Scale PV UR - https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy17osti/69080.pdf ID - 25221 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There are now robust data supporting the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) paradigm. This includes human and animal data focusing on nutrition or environmental chemicals during development. However, the term DOHaD has not been generally accepted as the official term to be used when one is concerned with understanding the pathophysiological basis for how environmental influences acting during early development influence the risk of later noncommunicable diseases. Similarly, there is no global research or public health program built around the DOHaD paradigm that encompasses all aspects of environment. To better inform the global health efforts aimed at addressing the growing epidemic of chronic noncommunicable diseases of environmental origin, we propose a two-pronged approach: first, to make it clear that the current concept of DOHaD comprehensively includes a range of environmental factors and their relevance to disease occurrence not just throughout the life span but potentially across several generations; and second, to initiate the discussion of how adoption of DOHaD can promote a more realistic, accurate, and integrative approach to understanding environmental disruption of developmental programming and better inform clinical and policy interventions. (Endocrinology 156: 3416–3421, 2015) AU - Heindel, Jerrold J. AU - Balbus, John AU - Birnbaum, Linda AU - Brune-Drisse, Marie Noel AU - Grandjean, Philippe AU - Gray, Kimberly AU - Landrigan, Philip J. AU - Sly, Peter D. AU - Suk, William AU - Slechta, Deborah Cory AU - Thompson, Claudia AU - Hanson, Mark DO - 10.1210/en.2015-1394 IS - 1 N1 - 10.1210/en.2015-1394 PY - 2016 SN - 0013-7227 SP - 17-22 ST - Developmental origins of health and disease: Integrating environmental influences T2 - Endocrinology TI - Developmental origins of health and disease: Integrating environmental influences VL - 2016 ID - 24661 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heintz, Ron A. AU - Siddon, Elizabeth C. AU - Farley, Edward V. AU - Napp, Jeffrey M. DA - 2013/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.04.006 KW - Pollock Bering Sea Recruitment Climate change Winter Prey quality PY - 2013 SN - 0967-0645 SP - 150-156 ST - Correlation between recruitment and fall condition of age-0 pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the eastern Bering Sea under varying climate conditions T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography TI - Correlation between recruitment and fall condition of age-0 pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the eastern Bering Sea under varying climate conditions VL - 94 ID - 22211 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Heisey, Paul W. AU - Day Rubenstein, Kelly CY - Washington, DC NV - Economic Information Bulletin No. EIB-139 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service PY - 2015 SP - 29 ST - Using Crop Genetic Resources to Help Agriculture Adapt to Climate Change: Economics and Policy TI - Using Crop Genetic Resources to Help Agriculture Adapt to Climate Change: Economics and Policy UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=43963 ID - 23617 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is evidence that warming leads to greater evapotranspiration and surface drying, thus contributing to increasing intensity and duration of drought and implying that mitigation would reduce water stresses. However, understanding the overall impact of climate change mitigation on water resources requires accounting for the second part of the equation, i.e., the impact of mitigation-induced changes in water demands from human activities. By using integrated, high-resolution models of human and natural system processes to understand potential synergies and/or constraints within the climate–energy–water nexus, we show that in the United States, over the course of the 21st century and under one set of consistent socioeconomics, the reductions in water stress from slower rates of climate change resulting from emission mitigation are overwhelmed by the increased water stress from the emissions mitigation itself. The finding that the human dimension outpaces the benefits from mitigating climate change is contradictory to the general perception that climate change mitigation improves water conditions. This research shows the potential for unintended and negative consequences of climate change mitigation. AU - Hejazi, Mohamad I. AU - Voisin, Nathalie AU - Liu, Lu AU - Bramer, Lisa M. AU - Fortin, Daniel C. AU - Hathaway, John E. AU - Huang, Maoyi AU - Kyle, Page AU - Leung, L. Ruby AU - Li, Hong-Yi AU - Liu, Ying AU - Patel, Pralit L. AU - Pulsipher, Trenton C. AU - Rice, Jennie S. AU - Tesfa, Teklu K. AU - Vernon, Chris R. AU - Zhou, Yuyu DA - August 25, 2015 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1421675112 IS - 34 PY - 2015 SP - 10635-10640 ST - 21st century United States emissions mitigation could increase water stress more than the climate change it is mitigating T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - 21st century United States emissions mitigation could increase water stress more than the climate change it is mitigating VL - 112 ID - 24486 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hellberg, Rosalee S. AU - Chu, Eric DA - 2016/07/03 DO - 10.3109/1040841X.2014.972335 IS - 4 PY - 2016 SN - 1040-841X SP - 548-572 ST - Effects of climate change on the persistence and dispersal of foodborne bacterial pathogens in the outdoor environment: A review T2 - Critical Reviews in Microbiology TI - Effects of climate change on the persistence and dispersal of foodborne bacterial pathogens in the outdoor environment: A review VL - 42 ID - 25325 ER - TY - WEB AU - Hellebuyck, Michele AU - Halpern, Madeline AU - Nguyen, Theresa AU - Fritze, Danielle CY - Alexandria, VA PB - Mental Health America PY - 2018 ST - The State of Mental Health in America: Ranking the States [web page] TI - The State of Mental Health in America: Ranking the States [web page] UR - http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/issues/ranking-states ID - 26713 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Major changes are occurring with far reaching implications for the existing equilibria or disequilibria in the water-energy-food-environment interface. The increased demand of energy worldwide will reflect directly and indirectly on water-dependent systems. Direct implications will come from higher energy prices, which make extraction and conveyance of water more costly. Indirect implications will be in the form of demand for alternative energy sources. It triggers demand for hydropower and remains a major driver—along with some environmental policies—for biofuel expansion. The key question is how these effects may alter water allocation and influence food security, rural poverty and environmental sustainability. This paper sets the background and context of this special issue by highlighting some of the major water-related policy issues related to the subject and provides an overview and synthesis of the papers in this special issue. Besides offering insight into how these papers address these questions in the practical context of few selected countries and basins, this paper also indicates some key areas for future research on the subject.%U http://wp.iwaponline.com/content/ppiwawaterpol/10/S1/1.full.pdf AU - Hellegers, Petra AU - Zilberman, David AU - Steduto, Pasquale AU - McCornick, Peter DO - 10.2166/wp.2008.048 IS - S1 PY - 2008 SP - 1-10 ST - Interactions between water, energy, food and environment: Evolving perspectives and policy issues T2 - Water Policy TI - Interactions between water, energy, food and environment: Evolving perspectives and policy issues VL - 10 ID - 23256 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hellmann, Jessica J. AU - Byers, James E. AU - Bierwagen, Britta G. AU - Dukes, Jeffrey S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00951.x IS - 3 KW - Climate change PY - 2008 SN - 1523-1739 SP - 534-543 ST - Five potential consequences of climate change for invasive species T2 - Conservation Biology TI - Five potential consequences of climate change for invasive species VL - 22 ID - 13726 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hellmann, Jessica J. AU - Grundel, Ralph AU - Hoving, Chris AU - Schuurman, Gregor W. DA - 2016/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.cois.2016.08.005 PY - 2016 SN - 2214-5745 SP - 92-97 ST - A call to insect scientists: Challenges and opportunities of managing insect communities under climate change T2 - Current Opinion in Insect Science TI - A call to insect scientists: Challenges and opportunities of managing insect communities under climate change VL - 17 ID - 21127 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Helm, Kieran P. AU - Bindoff, Nathaniel L. AU - Church, John A. DO - 10.1029/2011GL049513 IS - 23 KW - density surfaces isopycnal overturning circulation oxygen oxygen concentration thermohaline circulation 1615 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 3305 Climate change and variability 4271 Physical and chemical properties of seawater 4273 Physical and biogeochemical interactions 4513 Decadal ocean variability PY - 2011 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L23602 ST - Observed decreases in oxygen content of the global ocean T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Observed decreases in oxygen content of the global ocean VL - 38 ID - 20025 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Helmreich, B. AU - Horn, H. DA - 2009/11/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.046 IS - 1 KW - Rainwater harvesting Rainfed agriculture Rainwater treatment Solar energy Membrane filtration Sand filtration PY - 2009 SN - 0011-9164 SP - 118-124 ST - Opportunities in rainwater harvesting T2 - Desalination TI - Opportunities in rainwater harvesting VL - 248 ID - 25237 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heltberg, Rasmus AU - Siegel, Paul Bennett AU - Jorgensen, Steen Lau DA - 2009/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.11.003 IS - 1 KW - Adaptation Climate change Social risk management Vulnerability No-regrets PY - 2009 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 89-99 ST - Addressing human vulnerability to climate change: Toward a "no-regrets" approach T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Addressing human vulnerability to climate change: Toward a "no-regrets" approach VL - 19 ID - 21139 ER - TY - RPRT AB - In the subtropical and tropical Pacific islands, changing climate is predicted to influence precipitation and freshwater availability, and thus is predicted to impact ecosystems goods and services available to ecosystems and human communities. The small size of high Hawaiian Islands, plus their complex microlandscapes, require downscaling of global climate models to provide future projections of greater skill and spatial resolution. Two different climate modeling approaches (physics-based dynamical downscaling and statistics-based downscaling) have produced dissimilar projections. Because of these disparities, natural resource managers and decision makers have low confidence in using the modeling results and are therefore are unwilling to include climate-related projections in their decisions. In September 2015, the Pacific Islands Climate Science Center (PICSC), the Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative (PICCC), and the Pacific Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (Pacific RISA) program convened a 2-day facilitated workshop in which the two modeling teams, plus key model users and resource managers, were brought together for a comparison of the two approaches, culminating with a discussion of how to provide predictions that are useable by resource managers. The proceedings, discussions, and outcomes of this Workshop are summarized in this Open-File Report. AU - Helweg, David A. AU - Keener, Victoria AU - Burgett, Jeff M. CY - Reston, VA DP - pubs.er.usgs.gov NV - USGS Open-File report 2016-1102 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2016 SP - 25 ST - Report from the Workshop on Climate Downscaling and Its Application in High Hawaiian Islands, September 16–17, 2015 TI - Report from the Workshop on Climate Downscaling and Its Application in High Hawaiian Islands, September 16–17, 2015 UR - http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20161102 ID - 22447 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hember, Robbie A. AU - Kurz, Werner A. AU - Coops, Nicholas C. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13428 IS - 4 KW - climate change drought drought-related tree mortality field plots forest productivity tree mortality water stress water stress-induced tree mortality PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1691-1710 ST - Relationships between individual-tree mortality and water-balance variables indicate positive trends in water stress-induced tree mortality across North America T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Relationships between individual-tree mortality and water-balance variables indicate positive trends in water stress-induced tree mortality across North America VL - 23 ID - 22026 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The potential ecological and economic effects of climate change for tropical islands were studied using output from 12 statistically downscaled general circulation models (GCMs) taking Puerto Rico as a test case. Two model selection/model averaging strategies were used: the average of all available GCMs and the average of the models that are able to reproduce the observed large-scale dynamics that control precipitation over the Caribbean. Five island-wide and multidecadal averages of daily precipitation and temperature were estimated by way of a climatology-informed interpolation of the site-specific downscaled climate model output. Annual cooling degree-days (CDD) were calculated as a proxy index for air-conditioning energy demand, and two measures of annual no-rainfall days were used as drought indices. Holdridge life zone classification was used to map the possible ecological effects of climate change. Precipitation is predicted to decline in both model ensembles, but the decrease was more severe in the “regionally consistent” models. The precipitation declines cause gradual and linear increases in drought intensity and extremes. The warming from the 1960–90 period to the 2071–99 period was 4.6°–9°C depending on the global emission scenarios and location. This warming may cause increases in CDD, and consequently increasing energy demands. Life zones may shift from wetter to drier zones with the possibility of losing most, if not all, of the subtropical rain forests and extinction risks to rain forest specialists or obligates. AU - Henareh Khalyani, Azad AU - Gould, William A. AU - Harmsen, Eric AU - Terando, Adam AU - Quinones, Maya AU - Collazo, Jaime A. DO - 10.1175/jamc-d-15-0182.1 IS - 2 KW - Tropics,Evapotranspiration,Classification,Interpolation schemes,Ensembles,General circulation models PY - 2016 SP - 265-282 ST - Climate change implications for tropical islands: Interpolating and interpreting statistically downscaled GCM projections for management and planning T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - Climate change implications for tropical islands: Interpolating and interpreting statistically downscaled GCM projections for management and planning VL - 55 ID - 25039 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Henderson, James E. AU - Munn, Ian A. CY - Springfield, IL PB - Illinois Forestry Development Council PY - 2012 SP - 22 ST - Forestry in Illinois—The Impact of the Forest Products Industry on the Illinois Economy: An Input-Output Analysis TI - Forestry in Illinois—The Impact of the Forest Products Industry on the Illinois Economy: An Input-Output Analysis UR - http://ifdc.nres.illinois.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/illinois-forest-products-impact_2012.pdf ID - 21269 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Studies documenting distributional shifts of fishes typically rely on time series of annual sampling events with fixed seasonal timing and limited temporal range. Meanwhile, as temperatures along the Northeast continental shelf have increased, the seasonal cycle also shifted towards earlier spring warming and longer summers. Seasonal migrations of fish and macroinvertebrates on the continental shelf in the Northeast US are thought to be primarily controlled by temperature and as such likely follow the temperature phenology of the shelf. This study sought to determine whether apparent changes in fish biomass and distributions are linked to spring warming phenology and/or duration of summer, the effective growing season for most species. We hypothesized that the earlier spring thermal transition would occur earlier and would cause centers of biomass to be more poleward during the spring survey. We also expected lengthening summers, primarily a function of later fall cooling, to cause centers of biomass in the fall survey to be more poleward and for biomass on the shelf to be greater within and following longer growing seasons. We did not detect a strong effect of the timing of the spring thermal transition in sea surface temperature on the distribution or abundance for most of the 43 fish stocks that we examined. However, later fall cooling and longer summers had a strong effect on both abundance and biomass of many fish stocks. These findings suggest that more focus should be placed on the length of the growing season and population-level processes that result in distributional shifts and changes in abundance. AU - Henderson, M. Elisabeth AU - Mills, Katherine E. AU - Thomas, Andrew C. AU - Pershing, Andrew J. AU - Nye, Janet A. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s11160-017-9487-9 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-5184 SP - 411-424 ST - Effects of spring onset and summer duration on fish species distribution and biomass along the Northeast United States continental shelf T2 - Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries TI - Effects of spring onset and summer duration on fish species distribution and biomass along the Northeast United States continental shelf VL - 27 ID - 23383 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND: During the summer of 2003 numerous fires burned in British Columbia, Canada. OBJECTIVES: We examined the associations between respiratory and cardiovascular physician visits and hospital admissions, and three measures of smoke exposure over a 92-day study period (1 July to 30 September 2003). METHODS: A population-based cohort of 281,711 residents was identified from administrative data. Spatially specific daily exposure estimates were assigned to each subject based on total measurements of particulate matter (PM) ≤ 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) from six regulatory tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) air quality monitors, smoke-related PM10 from a CALPUFF dispersion model run for the study, and a SMOKE exposure metric for plumes visible in satellite images. Logistic regression with repeated measures was used to estimate associations with each outcome. RESULTS: The mean (± SD) exposure based on TEOM-measured PM10 was 29 ± 31 μg/m3, with an interquartile range of 14-31 μg/m3. Correlations between the TEOM, smoke, and CALPUFF metrics were moderate (0.37-0.76). Odds ratios (ORs) for a 30-μg/m3 increase in TEOM-based PM10 were 1.05 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.06] for all respiratory physician visits, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.09-1.23) for asthma-specific visits, and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.00-1.29) for respiratory hospital admissions. Associations with cardiovascular outcomes were largely null. CONCLUSIONS: Overall we found that increases in TEOM-measured PM10 were associated with increased odds of respiratory physician visits and hospital admissions, but not with cardiovascular health outcomes. Results indicating effects of fire smoke on respiratory outcomes are consistent with previous studies, as are the null results for cardiovascular outcomes. Some agreement between TEOM and the other metrics suggests that exposure assessment tools that are independent of air quality monitoring may be useful with further refinement. AD - School of Environmental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. sarah.henderson@ubc.ca AU - Henderson, S. B. AU - Brauer, M. AU - Macnab, Y. C. AU - Kennedy, S. M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.1002288 IS - 9 KW - Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Air Pollutants British Columbia Cardiovascular Diseases Child Cohort Studies Environmental Monitoring Epidemiological Monitoring Female Fires Hospitalization Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Models, Theoretical Office Visits Particulate Matter Remote Sensing Technology Respiratory Tract Diseases Young Adult N1 - Journal Article,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PY - 2011 RN - http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3230386?pdf=render SP - 1266-1271 ST - Three measures of forest fire smoke exposure and their associations with respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes in a population-based cohort T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Three measures of forest fire smoke exposure and their associations with respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes in a population-based cohort VL - 119 ID - 13731 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hendriks, Iris E. AU - Duarte, Carlos M. AU - Olsen, Ylva S. AU - Steckbauer, Alexandra AU - Ramajo, Laura AU - Moore, Tommy S. AU - Trotter, Julie A. AU - McCulloch, Malcolm DA - 1/5/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.07.019 KW - Ocean acidification Biological interactions Calcification Homeostasis pH variability PY - 2015 SN - 0272-7714 SP - A1-A8 ST - Biological mechanisms supporting adaptation to ocean acidification in coastal ecosystems T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science TI - Biological mechanisms supporting adaptation to ocean acidification in coastal ecosystems VL - 152 ID - 20026 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hennessy, Thomas W. AU - Ritter, Troy AU - Holman, Robert C. AU - Bruden, Dana L. AU - Yorita, Krista L. AU - Bulkow, Lisa AU - Cheek, James E. AU - Singleton, Rosalyn J. AU - Smith, Jeff DO - 10.2105/ajph.2007.115618 IS - 11 N1 - Ch9 PY - 2008 SN - 0090-0036 1541-0048 SP - 2072-2078 ST - The relationship between in-home water service and the risk of respiratory tract, skin, and gastrointestinal tract infections among rural Alaska natives T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - The relationship between in-home water service and the risk of respiratory tract, skin, and gastrointestinal tract infections among rural Alaska natives VL - 98 ID - 17853 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Maine lobster Homarus americanus fishery is considered one of the most successful fisheries in the world due in part to its unique comanagement system, the conservation ethic of the harvesters, and the ability of the industry to respond to crises and solve collective-action problems. However, recent threats raise the question whether the industry will be able to respond to future threats as successfully as it has to ones in the past or whether it is now less resilient and can no longer adequately respond to threats. Through ethnographic research and oral histories with fishermen, we examined the current level of social resilience in the lobster fishery. We concentrated on recent threats to the industry and the ways in which it has responded to them, focusing on three situations: a price drop beginning in 2008, a recovery in 2010–2011, and a second collapse of prices in 2012. In addition, we considered other environmental and regulatory concerns identified by fishermen. We found that the industry is not responding effectively to recent threats and identified factors that might explain the level of social resilience in the fishery. Received August 20, 2013; accepted October 29, 2014 AU - Henry, Anna M. AU - Johnson, Teresa R. DO - 10.1080/19425120.2014.984086 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - 33-43 ST - Understanding social resilience in the Maine lobster industry T2 - Marine and Coastal Fisheries TI - Understanding social resilience in the Maine lobster industry VL - 7 ID - 26196 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Henry, Meghan AU - Watt, Rian AU - Rosenthal, Lily AU - Shivji, Azim CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development PY - 2016 SP - 92 ST - The 2016 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress: Part 1: Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness TI - The 2016 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress: Part 1: Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness UR - https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2016-AHAR-Part-1.pdf ID - 24804 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Henson, Stephanie A. AU - Beaulieu, Claudie AU - Ilyina, Tatiana AU - John, Jasmin G. AU - Long, Matthew AU - Séférian, Roland AU - Tjiputra, Jerry AU - Sarmiento, Jorge L. DA - 2017 DO - 10.1038/ncomms14682 DP - opensky.ucar.edu PY - 2017 SN - 2041-1723 SP - 14682 ST - Rapid emergence of climate change in environmental drivers of marine ecosystems T2 - Nature Communications TI - Rapid emergence of climate change in environmental drivers of marine ecosystems VL - 8 Y2 - 2017/09/23/01:38:20 ID - 22449 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Henson, S. A. AU - Sarmiento, J. L. AU - Dunne, J. P. AU - Bopp, L. AU - Lima, I. AU - Doney, S. C. AU - John, J. AU - Beaulieu, C. DO - 10.5194/bg-7-621-2010 IS - 2 PY - 2010 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 621-640 ST - Detection of anthropogenic climate change in satellite records of ocean chlorophyll and productivity T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Detection of anthropogenic climate change in satellite records of ocean chlorophyll and productivity VL - 7 ID - 21041 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Henstra, Daniel DA - 2012/04/01 DO - 10.1080/13876988.2012.665215 IS - 2 PY - 2012 SN - 1387-6988 SP - 175-194 ST - Toward the climate-resilient city: Extreme weather and urban climate adaptation policies in two Canadian provinces T2 - Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice TI - Toward the climate-resilient city: Extreme weather and urban climate adaptation policies in two Canadian provinces VL - 14 ID - 21174 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Herb, William R. AU - Johnson, Lucinda B. AU - Jacobson, Peter C. AU - Stefan, Heinz G. DA - 2014/09/01 DO - 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0535 IS - 9 PY - 2014 SN - 0706-652X SP - 1334-1348 ST - Projecting cold-water fish habitat in lakes of the glacial lakes region under changing land use and climate regimes T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences TI - Projecting cold-water fish habitat in lakes of the glacial lakes region under changing land use and climate regimes VL - 71 Y2 - 2018/10/05 ID - 26572 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hernandez, Trish AU - Gabbard, Susan AU - Carroll, Daniel NV - Research report no. 12 PB - U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Policy Development and Research PY - 2016 SP - 75 ST - Findings from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS) 2013-2014: A Demographic and Employment Profile of United States Farmworkers TI - Findings from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS) 2013-2014: A Demographic and Employment Profile of United States Farmworkers UR - https://www.doleta.gov/agworker/pdf/NAWS_Research_Report_12_Final_508_Compliant.pdf ID - 24766 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change has significantly impacted tropical ecosystems critical for sustaining local economies and community livelihoods at global scales. Coastal ecosystems have largely declined, threatening the principal source of protein, building materials, tourism-based revenue, and the first line of defense against storm swells and sea level rise (SLR) for small tropical islands. Climate change has also impacted public health (i.e., altered distribution and increased prevalence of allergies, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases). Rapid human population growth has exacerbated pressure over coupled social-ecological systems, with concomitant non-sustainable impacts on natural resources, water availability, food security and sovereignty, public health, and quality of life, which should increase vulnerability and erode adaptation and mitigation capacity. This paper examines cumulative and synergistic impacts of climate change in the challenging context of highly vulnerable small tropical islands. Multiple adaptive strategies of coupled social-ecological ecosystems are discussed. Multi-level, multi-sectorial responses are necessary for adaptation to be successful. AU - Hernández-Delgado, E. A. DA - 2015/12/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.018 DP - PubMed IS - 1 KW - Vulnerability Humans Islands Public Health Conservation of Natural Resources Ecosystem Climate change adaptation Community livelihood Environmental decline Food Supply Quality of Life LA - eng PY - 2015 SN - 1879-3363 SP - 5-28 ST - The emerging threats of climate change on tropical coastal ecosystem services, public health, local economies and livelihood sustainability of small islands: Cumulative impacts and synergies T2 - Marine Pollution Bulletin TI - The emerging threats of climate change on tropical coastal ecosystem services, public health, local economies and livelihood sustainability of small islands: Cumulative impacts and synergies VL - 101 ID - 22450 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Herring, Stephanie C. AU - Christidis, Nikolaos AU - Hoell, Andrew AU - Kossin, James P. AU - Schreck, Carl J., III AU - Stott, Peter A. DO - 10.1175/BAMS-ExplainingExtremeEvents2016.1 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - S1-S157 ST - Explaining extreme events of 2016 from a climate perspective T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Explaining extreme events of 2016 from a climate perspective VL - 99 ID - 25614 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Herring, Stephanie C. AU - Hoell, Andrew AU - Hoerling, Martin P. AU - Kossin, James P. AU - Schreck III, Carl J. AU - Stott, Peter A. DO - 10.1175/BAMS-ExplainingExtremeEvents2015.1 IS - 12 PY - 2016 SP - S1-S145 ST - Explaining extreme events of 2015 from a climate perspective T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Explaining extreme events of 2015 from a climate perspective VL - 97 ID - 20827 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hersh, Michelle H. AU - Vilgalys, Rytas AU - Clark, James S. DO - 10.1890/11-0598.1 IS - 3 KW - Bayesian analysis co-infection Duke Forest, North Carolina, USA forest diversity fungi host specificity Janzen-Connell hypothesis pathogens plant–fungal interactions seedling mortality seedling recruitment PY - 2012 SN - 1939-9170 SP - 511-520 ST - Evaluating the impacts of multiple generalist fungal pathogens on temperate tree seedling survival T2 - Ecology TI - Evaluating the impacts of multiple generalist fungal pathogens on temperate tree seedling survival VL - 93 ID - 22027 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Herstoff, Emily AU - Urban, Mark C. DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00116.x IS - 2 PY - 2014 SN - 1600-0587 SP - 111-119 ST - Will pre-adaptation buffer the impacts of climate change on novel species interactions? T2 - Ecography TI - Will pre-adaptation buffer the impacts of climate change on novel species interactions? VL - 37 ID - 23384 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hertz, Thomas AU - Farrigan, Tracey CY - Washington, DC NV - Economic Research Report No. (ERR-208) PB - USDA Economic Research Service PY - 2016 SP - 27 ST - Understanding the Rise in Rural Child Poverty, 2003–2014 TI - Understanding the Rise in Rural Child Poverty, 2003–2014 UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=45543 ID - 23618 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hess, Jeremy J. AU - Eidson, Millicent AU - Tlumak, Jennifer E. AU - Raab, Kristin K. AU - George, Luber DO - 10.1289/ehp.1307396 PY - 2014 SP - 1177-1186 ST - An evidence-based public health approach to climate change adaptation T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - An evidence-based public health approach to climate change adaptation VL - 122 ID - 24937 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hess, J.J. AU - McDowell, J.Z. AU - Luber, G. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.1103515 IS - 2 PY - 2012 RN - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3279431/ SN - 0091-6765 SP - 171-179 ST - Integrating climate change adaptation into public health practice: Using adaptive management to increase adaptive capacity and build resilience T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Integrating climate change adaptation into public health practice: Using adaptive management to increase adaptive capacity and build resilience VL - 120 ID - 13739 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hess, Jeremy J. AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Luber, George DO - 10.1289/ehp.1306796 IS - 11 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2014 SN - 0091-6765 SP - 1209-1215 ST - Summertime acute heat illness in U.S. emergency departments from 2006 through 2010: Analysis of a nationally representative sample T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Summertime acute heat illness in U.S. emergency departments from 2006 through 2010: Analysis of a nationally representative sample VL - 122 ID - 16112 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anadromous fishes often use various survival tactics while migrating through main stem rivers to successfully reach spawning grounds and reproduce. Mixed-stock assemblages of anadromous adult summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss re-enter the Columbia River from late spring through fall including the period of peak summer water temperatures, and previous studies suggest that stocks alter migratory behaviour in response to warm temperatures by seeking cool water refuges. We combined parentage-based tagging with mixed stock analyses to test whether steelhead use a non-natal tributary (Deschutes River, OR, USA) as a thermal refuge and if this migratory behaviour is associated with stock-specific run-timing. Results collected over two migration years indicated that out-of-basin fish in the Deschutes River were disproportionately from specific stocks in the Snake River (Salmon and Grande Ronde) that had migrated through the main stem Columbia River when water temperatures exceeded 21 °C. Stocks migrating through the main stem river during cooler temperature periods were either less frequent (Clearwater River), or not encountered (lower Snake River) in the Deschutes River. This study facilitates an improved understanding of stock-specific migratory characteristics associated with environmental conditions in this system. Results potentially affect fisheries management, hatchery protocols, cool-water refuge maintenance, and conservation of wild Deschutes River populations. AU - Hess, Maureen A. AU - Hess, Jon E. AU - Matala, Andrew P. AU - French, Rod A. AU - Steele, Craig A. AU - Lovtang, Jens C. AU - Narum, Shawn R. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsw120 IS - 10 PY - 2016 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 2616-2624 ST - Migrating adult steelhead utilize a thermal refuge during summer periods with high water temperatures T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Migrating adult steelhead utilize a thermal refuge during summer periods with high water temperatures VL - 73 ID - 25722 ER - TY - JOUR AB - More than a century of forest and fire management of Inland Pacific landscapes has transformed their successional and disturbance dynamics. Regional connectivity of many terrestrial and aquatic habitats is fragmented, flows of some ecological and physical processes have been altered in space and time, and the frequency, size and intensity of many disturbances that configure these habitats have been altered. Current efforts to address these impacts yield a small footprint in comparison to wildfires and insect outbreaks. Moreover, many current projects emphasize thinning and fuels reduction within individual forest stands, while overlooking large-scale habitat connectivity and disturbance flow issues. AU - Hessburg, Paul F. AU - Churchill, Derek J. AU - Larson, Andrew J. AU - Haugo, Ryan D. AU - Miller, Carol AU - Spies, Thomas A. AU - North, Malcolm P. AU - Povak, Nicholas A. AU - Belote, R. Travis AU - Singleton, Peter H. AU - Gaines, William L. AU - Keane, Robert E. AU - Aplet, Gregory H. AU - Stephens, Scott L. AU - Morgan, Penelope AU - Bisson, Peter A. AU - Rieman, Bruce E. AU - Salter, R. Brion AU - Reeves, Gordon H. DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s10980-015-0218-0 IS - 10 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1572-9761 SP - 1805-1835 ST - Restoring fire-prone Inland Pacific landscapes: Seven core principles T2 - Landscape Ecology TI - Restoring fire-prone Inland Pacific landscapes: Seven core principles VL - 30 ID - 24662 ER - TY - JOUR AB - For some time, ecologists have known that spatial patterns of forest structure reflected disturbance and recovery history, disturbance severity and underlying influences of environmental gradients. In spite of this awareness, historical forest structure has been little used to expand knowledge of historical fire severity. Here, we used forest structure to predict pre-management era fire severity across three biogeoclimatic zones in eastern Washington State, USA, that contained extensive mixed conifer forests. We randomly selected 10% of the subwatersheds in each zone, delineated patch boundaries, and photo-interpreted the vegetation attributes of every patch in each subwatershed using the oldest available stereo-aerial photography. We statistically reconstructed the vegetation of any patch showing evidence of early selective harvesting, and then classified them as to their most recent fire severity. Classification used published percent canopy mortality definitions and a dichotomized procedure that considered the overstory and understory canopy cover and size class attributes of a patch, and the fire tolerance of its cover type. Mixed severity fires were most prevalent, regardless of forest type. The structure of mixed conifer patches, in particular, was formed by a mix of disturbance severities. In moist mixed conifer, stand replacement effects were more widespread in patches than surface fire effects, while in dry mixed conifer, surface fire effects were more widespread by nearly 2:1. However, evidence for low severity fires as the primary influence, or of abundant old park-like patches, was lacking in both the dry and moist mixed conifer forests. The relatively low abundance of old, park-like or similar forest patches, high abundance of young and intermediate-aged patches, and widespread evidence of partial stand and stand-replacing fire suggested that variable fire severity and non-equilibrium patch dynamics were primarily at work. AU - Hessburg, Paul F. AU - Salter, R. Brion AU - James, Kevin M. DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s10980-007-9098-2 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2007 SN - 1572-9761 SP - 5-24 ST - Re-examining fire severity relations in pre-management era mixed conifer forests: Inferences from landscape patterns of forest structure T2 - Landscape Ecology TI - Re-examining fire severity relations in pre-management era mixed conifer forests: Inferences from landscape patterns of forest structure VL - 22 ID - 25157 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hessburg, Paul F. AU - Spies, Thomas A. AU - Perry, David A. AU - Skinner, Carl N. AU - Taylor, Alan H. AU - Brown, Peter M. AU - Stephens, Scott L. AU - Larson, Andrew J. AU - Churchill, Derek J. AU - Povak, Nicholas A. AU - Singleton, Peter H. AU - McComb, Brenda AU - Zielinski, William J. AU - Collins, Brandon M. AU - Salter, R. Brion AU - Keane, John J. AU - Franklin, Jerry F. AU - Riegel, Greg DA - 2016/04/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.01.034 KW - Forest resilience Resistance Climate change Multi-scale heterogeneity Patch size distributions Topographic controls Early successional habitats PY - 2016 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 221-250 ST - Tamm Review: Management of mixed-severity fire regime forests in Oregon, Washington, and Northern California T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Tamm Review: Management of mixed-severity fire regime forests in Oregon, Washington, and Northern California VL - 366 ID - 23777 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hew, Mark AU - Sutherland, Michael AU - Thien, Francis AU - O'Hehir, Robyn DO - 10.1111/imj.13413 IS - 5 PY - 2017 SN - 1445-5994 SP - 485-487 ST - The Melbourne thunderstorm asthma event: Can we avert another strike? T2 - Internal Medicine Journal TI - The Melbourne thunderstorm asthma event: Can we avert another strike? VL - 47 ID - 24261 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hewitt, Bailey AU - Lopez, Lianna AU - Gaibisels, Katrina AU - Murdoch, Alyssa AU - Higgins, Scott AU - Magnuson, John AU - Paterson, Andrew AU - Rusak, James AU - Yao, Huaxia AU - Sharma, Sapna DO - 10.3390/w10010070 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - 2073-4441 SP - [16] ST - Historical trends, drivers, and future projections of ice phenology in small north temperate lakes in the Laurentian Great Lakes region T2 - Water TI - Historical trends, drivers, and future projections of ice phenology in small north temperate lakes in the Laurentian Great Lakes region VL - 10 ID - 26573 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Hewitt, Chris AU - Silva, Viviane B. S. AU - Golding, Nicola AU - Gao, Rong AU - Coelho, Caio A. S. AU - Duell, Robyn AU - Pollock, Jonathan AU - Onogi, Kazutoshi AU - Secretariat, WMO C4 - 7fbea82c-1ea9-47f8-b756-80b6e3b67f85 IS - 2 PY - 2015 ST - Managing risk with climate prediction products and services T2 - WMO Bulletin TI - Managing risk with climate prediction products and services UR - https://public.wmo.int/en/resources/bulletin/managing-risk-climate-prediction-products-and-services VL - 64 ID - 23619 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hewitt, Judi E. AU - Ellis, Joanne I. AU - Thrush, Simon F. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13176 IS - 8 KW - benthic macrofauna freshwater discharge interactions key species rainfall regression trees southern oscillation species composition temperature wave exposure PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2665-2675 ST - Multiple stressors, nonlinear effects and the implications of climate change impacts on marine coastal ecosystems T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Multiple stressors, nonlinear effects and the implications of climate change impacts on marine coastal ecosystems VL - 22 ID - 24867 ER - TY - MGZN AU - Heyden, Rhys M1 - Sep/Oct PB - Premier Media Group PY - 2015 ST - Snow worries: Washington’s low snowfall T2 - 425 Magazine TI - Snow worries: Washington’s low snowfall UR - https://425magazine.com/snow-worries/ ID - 26513 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Hibbard, Kathy AU - Wilson, Tom AU - Averyt, Kristen AU - Harriss, Robert AU - Newmark, Robin AU - Rose, Steven AU - Shevliakova, Elena AU - Tidwell, Vincent C4 - aa1fec1f-b5c3-48b8-b17e-ca88da35eb4c CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0JW8BSF PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 257-281 ST - Ch. 10: Energy, water, and land use T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 10: Energy, water, and land use ID - 13744 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Hibbard, K.A. AU - Hoffman, F.M. AU - Huntzinger, D. AU - West, T.O. C4 - 1b0ce605-0f6c-4e1f-8fea-71e87cb4304f CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J0416V6X PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 10 SP - 277-302 ST - Changes in land cover and terrestrial biogeochemistry T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Changes in land cover and terrestrial biogeochemistry ID - 21568 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. AU - Johnson, Morris C. AU - Hayes, Jane L. AU - Preisler, Haiganoush K. DA - 2012/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.005 KW - Wildfire Bark beetles Fire behavior Fuels Forest disturbances PY - 2012 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 81-90 ST - Effects of bark beetle-caused tree mortality on wildfire T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Effects of bark beetle-caused tree mortality on wildfire VL - 271 ID - 21432 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forests are major components of the carbon cycle, and disturbances are important influences of forest carbon. Our objective was to contribute to the understanding of forest carbon cycling by quantifying the amount of carbon in trees killed by two disturbance types, fires and bark beetles, in the western United States in recent decades. We combined existing spatial data sets of forest biomass, burn severity, and beetle-caused tree mortality to estimate the amount of aboveground and belowground carbon in killed trees across the region. We found that during 1984–2010, fires killed trees that contained 5–11 Tg C year −1 and during 1997–2010, beetles killed trees that contained 2–24 Tg C year −1 , with more trees killed since 2000 than in earlier periods. Over their periods of record, amounts of carbon in trees killed by fires and by beetle outbreaks were similar, and together these disturbances killed trees representing 9% of the total tree carbon in western forests, a similar amount to harvesting. Fires killed more trees in lower-elevation forest types such as Douglas-fir than higher-elevation forest types, whereas bark beetle outbreaks also killed trees in higher-elevation forest types such as lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce. Over 15% of the carbon in lodgepole pine and spruce/fir forest types was in trees killed by beetle outbreaks; other forest types had 5–10% of the carbon in killed trees. Our results document the importance of these natural disturbances in the carbon budget of the western United States. AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. AU - Meddens, Arjan J. H. AU - Allen, Craig D. AU - Kolden, Crystal A. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035032 IS - 3 PY - 2013 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 035032 ST - Carbon stocks of trees killed by bark beetles and wildfire in the western United States T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Carbon stocks of trees killed by bark beetles and wildfire in the western United States VL - 8 ID - 25158 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forests are substantially influenced by disturbances, and therefore accurate information about the location, timing, and magnitude of disturbances is important for understanding effects. In the western United States, the two major disturbance agents that kill trees are wildfire and bark beetle outbreaks. Our objective was to quantify mortality area (canopy area of killed trees), which better represents impacts than affected area (by beetles) or burn perimeter area, and characterize patterns in space and time. We based our estimates on aerial surveys for bark beetles and the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity database (from satellite imagery) for fires. We found that during the last three decades, bark beetle-caused mortality area was 6.6 Mha (range of estimates, 0.64‐7.8 Mha; 7.1% [0.7‐8.4%] of the forested area in the western United States) and fire-caused mortality area was 2.7‐5.9 Mha (2.9‐6.3%). Mortality area from beetles and fire was similar to recent harvest area from a national report. Although large outbreaks and fires occurred before 2000, substantially more trees were killed since then. In several forest types, mortality area exceeded 20% of the total forest type area. Our mortality area estimates allow for comparisons among disturbance types and improved assessment of the effects of tree mortality. AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. AU - Meddens, Arjan J. H. AU - Kolden, Crystal A. DA - // DO - 10.5849/forsci.15-086 IS - 2 KW - Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity aerial surveys forest disturbances PY - 2016 SP - 141-153 ST - Recent tree mortality in the western United States from bark beetles and forest fires T2 - Forest Science TI - Recent tree mortality in the western United States from bark beetles and forest fires VL - 62 ID - 21992 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hicks, Mark CY - Olympia, WA PB - Washington State Department of Ecology PY - 2000 (rev. 2002) SN - 00-10-070 SP - 189 ST - Evaluating Standards for Protecting Aquatic Life in Washington’s Surface Water Quality Standards: Temperature Criteria. Draft Discussion Paper and Literature Summary TI - Evaluating Standards for Protecting Aquatic Life in Washington’s Surface Water Quality Standards: Temperature Criteria. Draft Discussion Paper and Literature Summary UR - https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/0010070.pdf ID - 26514 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Higgins, S. N. AU - Zanden, M. J. Vander DO - 10.1890/09-1249.1 IS - 2 KW - benthic–pelagic coupling biological invasion cross-habitat subsidies Dreissena spp. ecosystem engineer exotic species facilitation food web disruption invasive species quagga mussel zebra mussel PY - 2010 SN - 1557-7015 SP - 179-196 ST - What a difference a species makes: A meta–analysis of dreissenid mussel impacts on freshwater ecosystems T2 - Ecological Monographs TI - What a difference a species makes: A meta–analysis of dreissenid mussel impacts on freshwater ecosystems VL - 80 ID - 21218 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In an effort to counteract mounting flood losses, FEMA introduced the Community Rating System (CRS) in 1990 as a way to encourage local jurisdictions to exceed the National Flood Insurance Program’s minimum standard for floodplain management. While the program has grown since its inception, there is little understanding of the degree to which mitigation activities have reduced flood-related losses to buildings and their contents over time. The effectiveness gap is addressed through the longitudinal statistical analysis of 450 CRS-participating communities. For each selected community, CRS point totals are tracked on a yearly basis over an 11-year study period from 1999 to 2009 and their impacts on insured loss claim payments based on claim type and floodplain location are tested. Results indicate that three CRS activities, freeboard requirements, open space protection, and flood protection, significantly reduce flood damage. AU - Highfield, Wesley E. AU - Brody, Samuel D. DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000114 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SP - 229-236 ST - Evaluating the effectiveness of local mitigation activities in reducing flood losses T2 - Natural Hazards Review TI - Evaluating the effectiveness of local mitigation activities in reducing flood losses VL - 14 ID - 26478 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Time-varying fire-climate relationships may represent an important component of fire-regime variability, relevant for understanding the controls of fire and projecting fire activity under global-change scenarios. We used time-varying statistical models to evaluate if and how fire-climate relationships varied from 1902-2008, in one of the most flammable forested regions of the western U.S.A. Fire-danger and water-balance metrics yielded the best combination of calibration accuracy and predictive skill in modeling annual area burned. The strength of fire-climate relationships varied markedly at multi-decadal scales, with models explaining < 40% to 88% of the variation in annual area burned. The early 20th century (1902-1942) and the most recent two decades (1985-2008) exhibited strong fire-climate relationships, with weaker relationships for much of the mid 20th century (1943-1984), coincident with diminished burning, less fire-conducive climate, and the initiation of modern fire fighting. Area burned and the strength of fire-climate relationships increased sharply in the mid 1980s, associated with increased temperatures and longer potential fire seasons. Unlike decades with high burning in the early 20th century, models developed using fire-climate relationships from recent decades overpredicted area burned when applied to earlier periods. This amplified response of fire to climate is a signature of altered fire-climate-relationships, and it implicates non-climatic factors in this recent shift. Changes in fuel structure and availability following 40+ yr of unusually low fire activity, and possibly land use, may have resulted in increased fire vulnerability beyond expectations from climatic factors alone. Our results highlight the potential for non-climatic factors to alter fire-climate relationships, and the need to account for such dynamics, through adaptable statistical or processes-based models, for accurately predicting future fire activity. AU - Higuera, Philip E. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Littell, Jeremy S. AU - Morgan, Penelope DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0127563 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SP - e0127563 ST - The changing strength and nature of fire-climate relationships in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., 1902-2008 T2 - PLOS ONE TI - The changing strength and nature of fire-climate relationships in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., 1902-2008 VL - 10 ID - 21065 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We use a predictive model of mean summer stream temperature to assess the vulnerability of USA streams to thermal alteration associated with climate change. The model uses air temperature and watershed features (e.g., watershed area and slope) from 569 US Geological Survey sites in the conterminous USA to predict stream temperatures. We assess the model for predicting climate-related variation in stream temperature by comparing observed and predicted historical stream temperature changes. Analysis of covariance confirms that observed and predicted changes in stream temperatures respond similarly to historical changes in air temperature. When applied to spatially-downscaled future air temperature projections (A2 emission scenario), the model predicts mean warming of 2.2 °C for the conterminous USA by 2100. Stream temperatures are most responsive to climate changes in the Cascade and Appalachian Mountains and least responsive in the southeastern USA. We then use random forests to conduct an empirical sensitivity analysis to identify those stream features most strongly associated with both observed historical and predicted future changes in summer stream temperatures. Larger changes in stream temperature are associated with warmer future air temperatures, greater air temperature changes, and larger watershed areas. Smaller changes in stream temperature are predicted for streams with high initial rates of heat loss associated with longwave radiation and evaporation, and greater base-flow index values. These models provide important insight into the potential extent of stream temperature warming at a near-continental scale and why some streams will likely be more vulnerable to climate change than others. AU - Hill, Ryan A. AU - Hawkins, Charles P. AU - Jin, Jiming DA - August 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1174-4 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 399-412 ST - Predicting thermal vulnerability of stream and river ecosystems to climate change T2 - Climatic Change TI - Predicting thermal vulnerability of stream and river ecosystems to climate change VL - 125 ID - 21493 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hill, Troy D. AU - Anisfeld, Shimon C. DA - 2015/09/20/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.06.004 IS - Part B KW - marsh accretion sediment accumulation carbon storage flooding frequency New York Connecticut PY - 2015 SN - 0272-7714 SP - 185-193 ST - Coastal wetland response to sea level rise in Connecticut and New York T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science TI - Coastal wetland response to sea level rise in Connecticut and New York VL - 163 ID - 21811 ER - TY - JOUR AU - HilleRisLambers, Janneke AU - Anderegg, Leander D. L. AU - Breckheimer, Ian AU - Burns, Kathleen M. AU - Ettinger, Ailene K. AU - Franklin, Jerry F. AU - Freund, James A. AU - Ford, Kevin R. AU - Krolss, Steve J. DA - 2015/08/01 DO - 10.3955/046.089.0304 IS - 3 PY - 2015 SN - 0029-344X SP - 201-218 ST - Implications of climate change for turnover in forest composition T2 - Northwest Science TI - Implications of climate change for turnover in forest composition VL - 89 Y2 - 2018/05/29 ID - 25721 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hilly, Geofrey AU - Vojinovic, Zoran AU - Weesakul, Sutat AU - Sanchez, Arlex AU - Hoang, Duc AU - Djordjevic, Slobodan AU - Chen, Albert AU - Evans, Barry DO - 10.3390/w10010081 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - 2073-4441 SP - 81 ST - Methodological framework for analysing cascading effects from flood events: The case of Sukhumvit Area, Bangkok, Thailand T2 - Water TI - Methodological framework for analysing cascading effects from flood events: The case of Sukhumvit Area, Bangkok, Thailand VL - 10 ID - 26450 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Environmental justice is concerned with an equitable distribution of environmental burdens. These burdens comprise immediate health hazards as well as subtle inequities, such as limited access to healthy foods.We reviewed the literature on neighborhood disparities in access to fast-food outlets and convenience stores. Low-income neighborhoods offered greater access to food sources that promote unhealthy eating. The distribution of fast-food outlets and convenience stores differed by the racial/ethnic characteristics of the neighborhood.Further research is needed to address the limitations of current studies, identify effective policy actions to achieve environmental justice, and evaluate intervention strategies to promote lifelong healthy eating habits, optimum health, and vibrant communities. AU - Hilmers, Angela AU - Hilmers, David C. AU - Dave, Jayna DO - 10.2105/ajph.2012.300865 IS - 9 PY - 2012 SP - 1644-1654 ST - Neighborhood disparities in access to healthy foods and their effects on environmental justice T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Neighborhood disparities in access to healthy foods and their effects on environmental justice VL - 102 ID - 23778 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Himes-Cornell, Amber AU - Kasperski, Stephen DA - 2015/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.09.010 KW - Adaptive capacity Alaska Climate change Fishing communities Resilience Vulnerability PY - 2015 SN - 0165-7836 SP - 1-11 ST - Assessing climate change vulnerability in Alaska's fishing communities T2 - Fisheries Research TI - Assessing climate change vulnerability in Alaska's fishing communities VL - 162 ID - 24022 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Himes-Cornell, Amber AU - Kasperski, Stephen DA - 2016/01/02 DO - 10.1080/08920753.2016.1116671 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 0892-0753 SP - 36-70 ST - Using socioeconomic and fisheries involvement indices to understand Alaska fishing community well-being T2 - Coastal Management TI - Using socioeconomic and fisheries involvement indices to understand Alaska fishing community well-being VL - 44 ID - 24868 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hines, Jonas Z. AU - Jagger, Meredith A. AU - Jeanne, Thomas L. AU - West, Nicole AU - Winquist, Andrea AU - Robinson, Byron F. AU - Leman, Richard F. AU - Hedberg, Katrina DA - 2017/12/05/ DO - 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.11.010 KW - Disease outbreaks Homeless persons Rain, adverse effects Climate change PY - 2017 SN - 0163-4453 ST - Heavy precipitation as a risk factor for shigellosis among homeless persons during an outbreak—Oregon, 2015–2016 T2 - Journal of Infection TI - Heavy precipitation as a risk factor for shigellosis among homeless persons during an outbreak—Oregon, 2015–2016 ID - 24767 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Klein, Richard AU - Hinkel, Jochen AU - Bharwani, Sukaina AU - Bisaro, Alexander AU - Carter, Timothy AU - Cull, Tracy AU - Davis, Marion AU - Klein, Richard AU - Lonsdale, Kate AU - Rosentrater, Lynn AU - Vincent, Katharine CY - Nairobi, Kenya PB - United Nations Environment Programme, PROVIA Secretariat PY - 2013 SP - 16 ST - PROVIA Guidance on Assessing Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation to Climate Change TI - PROVIA Guidance on Assessing Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation to Climate Change UR - http://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/provia-guidance-nov2013-summary.pdf ID - 24203 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hinkel, Jochen AU - Lincke, Daniel AU - Vafeidis, Athanasios T AU - Perrette, Mahé AU - Nicholls, Robert James AU - Tol, Richard SJ AU - Marzeion, Ben AU - Fettweis, Xavier AU - Ionescu, Cezar AU - Levermann, Anders DO - 10.1073/pnas.1222469111 IS - 9 PY - 2014 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 3292-3297 ST - Coastal flood damage and adaptation costs under 21st century sea-level rise T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Coastal flood damage and adaptation costs under 21st century sea-level rise VL - 111 ID - 22591 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hinzman, Larry D. AU - Bettez, Neil D. AU - Bolton, W. Robert AU - Chapin, F. Stuart AU - Dyurgerov, Mark B. AU - Fastie, Chris L. AU - Griffith, Brad AU - Hollister, Robert D. AU - Hope, Allen AU - Huntington, Henry P. AU - Jensen, Anne M. AU - Jia, Gensuo J. AU - Jorgenson, Torre AU - Kane, Douglas L. AU - Klein, David R. AU - Kofinas, Gary AU - Lynch, Amanda H. AU - Lloyd, Andrea H. AU - McGuire, A. David AU - Nelson, Frederick E. AU - Oechel, Walter C. AU - Osterkamp, Thomas E. AU - Racine, Charles H. AU - Romanovsky, Vladimir E. AU - Stone, Robert S. AU - Stow, Douglas A. AU - Sturm, Matthew AU - Tweedie, Craig E. AU - Vourlitis, George L. AU - Walker, Marilyn D. AU - Walker, Donald A. AU - Webber, Patrick J. AU - Welker, Jeffrey M. AU - Winker, Kevin S. AU - Yoshikawa, Kenji C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-005-5352-2 IS - 3 PY - 2005 RN - http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-005-5352-2 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 251-298 ST - Evidence and implications of recent climate change in northern Alaska and other Arctic regions T2 - Climatic Change TI - Evidence and implications of recent climate change in northern Alaska and other Arctic regions VL - 72 ID - 13756 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Verschuuren, Jonathan AU - Hirokawa, Keith H. AU - Rosenbloom, Jonathan C4 - b76309e4-3174-421f-bf24-abc1c2290ff4 CY - Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA PB - Edward Elgar Publishing PY - 2013 SN - 978-1781000076 1781000077 SP - 325-354 ST - Climate change adaptation and land use planning law T2 - Research Handbook on Climate Change Adaptation Law T3 - Research Handbooks in Environmental Law TI - Climate change adaptation and land use planning law ID - 25882 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Hirsch, Robert M., 2011. A Perspective on Nonstationarity and Water Management. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(3):436‐446. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00539.x This essay offers some perspectives on climate‐related nonstationarity and water resources. Hydrologists must not lose sight of the many sources of nonstationarity, recognizing that many of them may be of much greater magnitude than those that may arise from climate change. It is paradoxical that statistical and deterministic approaches give us better insights about changes in mean conditions than about the tails of probability distributions, and yet the tails are very important to water management. Another paradox is that it is difficult to distinguish between long‐term hydrologic persistence and trend. Using very long hydrologic records is helpful in mitigating this problem, but does not guarantee success. Empirical approaches, using long‐term hydrologic records, should be an important part of the portfolio of research being applied to understand the hydrologic response to climate change. An example presented here shows very mixed results for trends in the size of the annual floods, with some strong clusters of positive trends and a strong cluster of negative trends. The potential for nonstationarity highlights the importance of the continuity of hydrologic records, the need for repeated analysis of the data as the time series grow, and the need for a well‐trained cadre of scientists and engineers, ready to interpret the data and use those analyses to help adjust the management of our water resources. AU - Hirsch, Robert M. DO - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00539.x IS - 3 PY - 2011 SP - 436-446 ST - A perspective on nonstationarity and water management T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - A perspective on nonstationarity and water management VL - 47 ID - 25373 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Statistical relationships between annual floods at 200 long-term (85–127 years of record) streamgauges in the coterminous United States and the global mean carbon dioxide concentration (GMCO2) record are explored. The streamgauge locations are limited to those with little or no regulation or urban development. The coterminous US is divided into four large regions and stationary bootstrapping is used to evaluate if the patterns of these statistical associations are significantly different from what would be expected under the null hypothesis that flood magnitudes are independent of GMCO2. In none of the four regions defined in this study is there strong statistical evidence for flood magnitudes increasing with increasing GMCO2. One region, the southwest, showed a statistically significant negative relationship between GMCO2 and flood magnitudes. The statistical methods applied compensate both for the inter-site correlation of flood magnitudes and the shorter-term (up to a few decades) serial correlation of floods. AU - Hirsch, R.M. AU - Ryberg, K.R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1080/02626667.2011.621895 IS - 1 KW - floods, ; trends, ; climate change, ; statistics, ; carbon dioxide PY - 2012 SN - 0262-6667 SP - 1-9 ST - Has the magnitude of floods across the USA changed with global CO2 levels? T2 - Hydrological Sciences Journal TI - Has the magnitude of floods across the USA changed with global CO2 levels? VL - 57 ID - 13757 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hirshon, Jon Mark AU - Alson, Roy L. AU - Blunk, David AU - Brosnan, Douglas P. AU - Epstein, Stephen K. AU - Gardner, Angela F. AU - Lum, Donald L. AU - Moskovitz, Joshua B. AU - Richardson, Lynne D. AU - Stankus, Jennifer L. AU - Kivela, Paul D. AU - Wilkerson, Dean AU - Price, Craig AU - Bromley, Marilyn AU - Calaway, Nancy AU - Geist, Marjorie AU - Gore, Laura AU - Singh, Cynthia AU - Wheeler, Gordon DO - 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.11.024 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SN - 0196-0644 SP - 100-243 ST - America's emergency care environment, a state-by-state report card T2 - Annals of Emergency Medicine TI - America's emergency care environment, a state-by-state report card VL - 63 Y2 - 2017/12/18 ID - 23847 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hixson, Lindsay AU - Hepler, Bradford B. AU - Kim, Myoung Ouk CY - Washington, DC DA - 2012 NV - 2010 Census Briefs: C2010BR-12 PB - U.S. Census Bureau PY - 2012 SP - 22 ST - The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010 TI - The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010 UR - https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-12.pdf ID - 22398 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hixson, Stefanie M. AU - Arts, Michael T. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13295 IS - 8 KW - climate change docosahexaenoic acid eicosapentaenoic acid global warming omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2744-2755 ST - Climate warming is predicted to reduce omega-3, long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acid production in phytoplankton T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Climate warming is predicted to reduce omega-3, long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acid production in phytoplankton VL - 22 ID - 24121 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ho, Michelle AU - Lall, Upmanu AU - Allaire, Maura AU - Devineni, Naresh AU - Kwon, Hyun Han AU - Pal, Indrani AU - Raff, David AU - Wegner, David DO - 10.1002/2016WR019905 IS - 2 KW - aging infrastructure economic development water storage 1808 Dams 1834 Human impacts 1836 Hydrological cycles and budgets 4343 Preparedness and planning 1616 Climate variability PY - 2017 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 982-998 ST - The future role of dams in the United States of America T2 - Water Resources Research TI - The future role of dams in the United States of America VL - 53 ID - 21494 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The development of paleoclimate streamflow reconstructions in the conterminous United States (CONUS) has provided water resource managers with improved insights into multidecadal and centennial scale variability that cannot be reliably detected using shorter instrumental records. Paleoclimate streamflow reconstructions have largely focused on individual catchments limiting the ability to quantify variability across the CONUS. The Living Blended Drought Atlas (LBDA), a spatially and temporally complete 555 year long paleoclimate record of summer drought across the CONUS, provides an opportunity to reconstruct and characterize streamflow variability at a continental scale. We explore the validity of the first paleoreconstructions of streamflow that span the CONUS informed by the LBDA targeting a set of U.S. Geological Survey streamflow sites. The reconstructions are skillful under cross validation across most of the country, but the variance explained is generally low. Spatial and temporal structures of streamflow variability are analyzed using hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis, and wavelet analyses. Nine spatially coherent clusters are identified. The reconstructions show signals of contemporary droughts such as the Dust Bowl (1930s) and 1950s droughts. Decadal-scale variability was detected in the late 1900s in the western U.S., however, similar modes of temporal variability were rarely present prior to the 1950s. The twentieth century featured longer wet spells and shorter dry spells compared with the preceding 450 years. Streamflows in the Pacific Northwest and Northeast are negatively correlated with the central U.S. suggesting the potential to mitigate some drought impacts by balancing economic activities and insurance pools across these regions during major droughts. AU - Ho, Michelle AU - Lall, Upmanu AU - Sun, Xun AU - Cook, Edward R. DO - 10.1002/2016WR019632 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SP - 3047-3066 ST - Multiscale temporal variability and regional patterns in 555 years of conterminous U.S. streamflow T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Multiscale temporal variability and regional patterns in 555 years of conterminous U.S. streamflow VL - 53 ID - 26078 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hobbs, Richard J. AU - Higgs, Eric AU - Hall, Carol M. AU - Bridgewater, Peter AU - Chapin, F. Stuart AU - Ellis, Erle C. AU - Ewel, John J. AU - Hallett, Lauren M. AU - Harris, James AU - Hulvey, Kristen B. AU - Jackson, Stephen T. AU - Kennedy, Patricia L. AU - Kueffer, Christoph AU - Lach, Lori AU - Lantz, Trevor C. AU - Lugo, Ariel E. AU - Mascaro, Joseph AU - Murphy, Stephen D. AU - Nelson, Cara R. AU - Perring, Michael P. AU - Richardson, David M. AU - Seastedt, Timothy R. AU - Standish, Rachel J. AU - Starzomski, Brian M. AU - Suding, Katherine N. AU - Tognetti, Pedro M. AU - Yakob, Laith AU - Yung, Laurie DO - 10.1890/130300 IS - 10 PY - 2014 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 557-564 ST - Managing the whole landscape: Historical, hybrid, and novel ecosystems T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Managing the whole landscape: Historical, hybrid, and novel ecosystems VL - 12 ID - 23385 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hobbs, Richard J. AU - Valentine, Leonie E. AU - Standish, Rachel J. AU - Jackson, Stephen T. DA - 2018/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.tree.2017.11.001 IS - 2 KW - novel assemblages place-based conservation range shifts species persistence PY - 2018 SN - 0169-5347 SP - 116-128 ST - Movers and stayers: Novel assemblages in changing environments T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution TI - Movers and stayers: Novel assemblages in changing environments VL - 33 ID - 25720 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hobday, Alistair J. AU - Alexander, Lisa V. AU - Perkins, Sarah E. AU - Smale, Dan A. AU - Straub, Sandra C. AU - Oliver, Eric C. J. AU - Benthuysen, Jessica A. AU - Burrows, Michael T. AU - Donat, Markus G. AU - Feng, Ming AU - Holbrook, Neil J. AU - Moore, Pippa J. AU - Scannell, Hillary A. AU - Sen Gupta, Alex AU - Wernberg, Thomas DA - 2016/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.014 PY - 2016 SN - 0079-6611 SP - 227-238 ST - A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves T2 - Progress in Oceanography TI - A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves VL - 141 ID - 23779 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hobday, Alistair J. AU - Spillman, Claire M. AU - Paige Eveson, J. AU - Hartog, Jason R. DO - 10.1111/fog.12083 KW - climate variability prawn Predictive Ocean Atmosphere Model for Australia risk management salmon tuna PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2419 SP - 45-56 ST - Seasonal forecasting for decision support in marine fisheries and aquaculture T2 - Fisheries Oceanography TI - Seasonal forecasting for decision support in marine fisheries and aquaculture VL - 25 ID - 24829 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hobson, George IS - 1 PY - 1992 SP - 2 ST - Traditional knowledge is science T2 - Northern Perspectives TI - Traditional knowledge is science UR - http://carc.org/pubs/v20no1/science.htm VL - 20 ID - 22213 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hodges, Tina C6 - NCA DA - August 2011 PB - Federal Transit Administration, Office of Research, Demonstration and Innovation, U.S. Department of Transportation PY - 2011 SP - 128 ST - Flooded Bus Barns and Buckled Rails: Public Transportation and Climate Change Adaptation. FTA Report No. 0001 TI - Flooded Bus Barns and Buckled Rails: Public Transportation and Climate Change Adaptation. FTA Report No. 0001 UR - http://www.fta.dot.gov/documents/FTA_0001_-_Flooded_Bus_Barns_and_Buckled_Rails.pdf ID - 13758 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many studies have shown that lake ice-out (break-up) dates in the Northern Hemisphere are useful indicators of late winter/early spring climate change. Trends in lake ice-out dates in New England, USA, were analyzed for 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 175 year periods ending in 2008. More than 100 years of ice-out data were available for 19 of the 28 lakes in this study. The magnitude of trends over time depends on the length of the period considered. For the recent 25-year period, there was a mix of earlier and later ice-out dates. Lake ice-outs during the last 50 years became earlier by 1.8 days/decade (median change for all lakes with adequate data). This is a much higher rate than for longer historical periods; ice-outs became earlier by 0.6 days/decade during the last 75 years, 0.4 days/decade during the last 100 years, and 0.6 days/decade during the last 125 years. The significance of trends was assessed under the assumption of serial independence of historical ice-out dates and under the assumption of short and long term persistence. Hypolimnion dissolved oxygen (DO) levels are an important factor in lake eutrophication and coldwater fish survival. Based on historical data available at three lakes, 32 to 46 % of the interannual variability of late summer hypolimnion DO levels was related to ice-out dates; earlier ice-outs were associated with lower DO levels. AU - Hodgkins, Glenn A. DA - August 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0766-8 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 705-718 ST - The importance of record length in estimating the magnitude of climatic changes: An example using 175 years of lake ice-out dates in New England T2 - Climatic Change TI - The importance of record length in estimating the magnitude of climatic changes: An example using 175 years of lake ice-out dates in New England VL - 119 ID - 21810 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hodgkins, Glenn A. AU - Whitfield, Paul H. AU - Burn, Donald H. AU - Hannaford, Jamie AU - Renard, Benjamin AU - Stahl, Kerstin AU - Fleig, Anne K. AU - Madsen, Henrik AU - Mediero, Luis AU - Korhonen, Johanna AU - Murphy, Conor AU - Wilson, Donna DA - 2017/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.027 KW - Major floods Climate variability Trends AMO PDO PY - 2017 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 704-717 ST - Climate-driven variability in the occurrence of major floods across North America and Europe T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Climate-driven variability in the occurrence of major floods across North America and Europe VL - 552 ID - 23320 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoegh-Guldberg, O. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1071/MF99078 IS - 8 PY - 1999 SN - 1323-1650 SP - 839-866 ST - Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world's coral reefs T2 - Marine & Freshwater Research TI - Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world's coral reefs VL - 50 ID - 13764 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoegh-Guldberg, O. AU - Bruno, J.F. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1126/science.1189930 IS - 5985 PY - 2010 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 1523-1528 ST - The impact of climate change on the world’s marine ecosystems T2 - Science TI - The impact of climate change on the world’s marine ecosystems VL - 328 ID - 13765 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoegh-Guldberg, O. AU - Mumby, P. J. AU - Hooten, A. J. AU - Steneck, R. S. AU - Greenfield, P. AU - Gomez, E. AU - Harvell, C. D. AU - Sale, P. F. AU - Edwards, A. J. AU - Caldeira, K. AU - Knowlton, N. AU - Eakin, C. M. AU - Iglesias-Prieto, R. AU - Muthiga, N. AU - Bradbury, R. H. AU - Dubi, A. AU - Hatziolos, M. E. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1126/science.1152509 IS - 5857 PY - 2007 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 1737-1742 ST - Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification T2 - Science TI - Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification VL - 318 ID - 13766 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoeke, Ron K. AU - McInnes, Kathleen L. AU - Kruger, Jens C. AU - McNaught, Rebecca J. AU - Hunter, John R. AU - Smithers, Scott G. DA - 9// DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.06.006 KW - disaster risk inundation flooding sea level El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Pacific waves storms PY - 2013 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 128-138 ST - Widespread inundation of Pacific islands triggered by distant-source wind-waves T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - Widespread inundation of Pacific islands triggered by distant-source wind-waves VL - 108 ID - 19932 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hoenig, John AU - Muller, Robert AU - Tremblay, John CY - Arlington, VA PB - Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission PY - 2015 SP - 438 ST - American Lobster Benchmark Stock Assessment and Peer Review Report TI - American Lobster Benchmark Stock Assessment and Peer Review Report UR - http://www.asmfc.org/uploads/file//55d61d73AmLobsterStockAssmt_PeerReviewReport_Aug2015_red2.pdf ID - 21871 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoerling, M. AU - Chen, M. AU - Dole, R. AU - Eischeid, J. AU - Kumar, A. AU - Nielsen-Gammon, J.W. AU - Pegion, P. AU - Perlwitz, J. AU - Quan, X.-W. AU - Zhang, T. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00270.1 IS - 9 PY - 2013 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 2811–2832 ST - Anatomy of an extreme event T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Anatomy of an extreme event VL - 26 ID - 13769 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Time series of U.S. daily heavy precipitation (95th percentile) are analyzed to determine factors responsible for regionality and seasonality in their 1979–2013 trends. For annual conditions, contiguous U.S. trends have been characterized by increases in precipitation associated with heavy daily events across the northern United States and decreases across the southern United States. Diagnosis of climate simulations (CCSM4 and CAM4) reveals that the evolution of observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) was a more important factor influencing these trends than boundary condition changes linked to external radiative forcing alone. Since 1979, the latter induces widespread, but mostly weak, increases in precipitation associated with heavy daily events. The former induces a meridional pattern of northern U.S. increases and southern U.S. decreases as observed, the magnitude of which closely aligns with observed changes, especially over the south and far west. Analysis of model ensemble spread reveals that appreciable 35-yr trends in heavy daily precipitation can occur in the absence of forcing, thereby limiting detection of the weak anthropogenic influence at regional scales.Analysis of the seasonality in heavy daily precipitation trends supports physical arguments that their changes during 1979–2013 have been intimately linked to internal decadal ocean variability and less so to human-induced climate change. Most of the southern U.S. decrease has occurred during the cold season that has been dynamically driven by an atmospheric circulation reminiscent of teleconnections linked to cold tropical eastern Pacific SSTs. Most of the northeastern U.S. increase has been a warm season phenomenon, the immediate cause for which remains unresolved. AU - Hoerling, Martin AU - Eischeid, Jon AU - Perlwitz, Judith AU - Quan, Xiao-Wei AU - Wolter, Klaus AU - Cheng, Linyin DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-15-0441.1 IS - 7 KW - Geographic location/entity,North America,Physical Meteorology and Climatology,Atmosphere-ocean interaction,Climate change,Climate variability,Variability,Trends PY - 2016 SP - 2313-2332 ST - Characterizing recent trends in U.S. heavy precipitation T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Characterizing recent trends in U.S. heavy precipitation VL - 29 ID - 20882 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hoerling, Martin AU - Eischeid, Jon AU - Webb, Robert CY - Boulder, CO PB - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences PY - 2013 SP - 28 ST - Understanding and Explaining Climate Extremes in the Missouri River Basin Associated with the 2011 Flooding TI - Understanding and Explaining Climate Extremes in the Missouri River Basin Associated with the 2011 Flooding UR - https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/csi/factsheets/pdf/noaa-mrb-climate-assessment-report.pdf ID - 21579 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoffmann, Ary A. AU - Sgrò, Carla M. DA - 02/23/online DO - 10.1038/nature09670 M3 - Review Article PY - 2011 SP - 479-485 ST - Climate change and evolutionary adaptation T2 - Nature TI - Climate change and evolutionary adaptation VL - 470 ID - 23386 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To simulate ozone (O3) air quality in future decades over the eastern United States, a modeling system consisting of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Atmosphere‐Ocean Global Climate Model, the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale regional climate model (MM5), and the Community Multiscale Air Quality model has been applied. Estimates of future emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone precursors are based on the A2 scenario developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), one of the scenarios with the highest growth of CO2 among all IPCC scenarios. Simulation results for five summers in the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s indicate that summertime average daily maximum 8‐hour O3 concentrations increase by 2.7, 4.2, and 5.0 ppb, respectively, as a result of regional climate change alone with respect to five summers in the 1990s. Through additional sensitivity simulations for the five summers in the 2050s the relative impact of changes in regional climate, anthropogenic emissions within the modeling domain, and changed boundary conditions approximating possible changes of global atmospheric composition was investigated. Changed boundary conditions are found to be the largest contributor to changes in predicted summertime average daily maximum 8‐hour O3 concentrations (5.0 ppb), followed by the effects of regional climate change (4.2 ppb) and the effects of increased anthropogenic emissions (1.3 ppb). However, when changes in the fourth highest summertime 8‐hour O3 concentration are considered, changes in regional climate are the most important contributor to simulated concentration changes (7.6 ppb), followed by the effect of increased anthropogenic emissions (3.9 ppb) and increased boundary conditions (2.8 ppb). Thus, while previous studies have pointed out the potentially important contribution of growing global emissions and intercontinental transport to O3 air quality in the United States for future decades, the results presented here imply that it may be equally important to consider the effects of a changing climate when planning for the future attainment of regional‐scale air quality standards such as the U.S. national ambient air quality standard that is based on the fourth highest annual daily maximum 8‐hour O3 concentration. AU - Hogrefe, C. AU - Lynn, B. AU - Civerolo, K. AU - Ku, J.‐Y. AU - Rosenthal, J. AU - Rosenzweig, C. AU - Goldberg, R. AU - Gaffin, S. AU - Knowlton, K. AU - Kinney, P. L. DO - 10.1029/2004JD004690 IS - D22 PY - 2004 SP - D22301 ST - Simulating changes in regional air pollution over the eastern United States due to changes in global and regional climate and emissions T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres TI - Simulating changes in regional air pollution over the eastern United States due to changes in global and regional climate and emissions VL - 109 ID - 25136 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hohner, Amanda K. AU - Cawley, Kaelin AU - Oropeza, Jill AU - Summers, R. Scott AU - Rosario-Ortiz, Fernando L. DA - 2016/11/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.034 KW - Wildfire Disinfection byproducts Fluorescence Coagulation Dissolved organic matter Nitrogenous DBPs PY - 2016 SN - 0043-1354 SP - 187-198 ST - Drinking water treatment response following a Colorado wildfire T2 - Water Research TI - Drinking water treatment response following a Colorado wildfire VL - 105 ID - 23780 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoitink, A. J. F. AU - Jay, D. A. DO - 10.1002/2015RG000507 IS - 1 KW - tidal river wetlands tidal analysis delta evolution river discharge estuaries 1860 Streamflow 1872 Time series analysis 1894 Instruments and techniques: modeling 4536 Hydrography and tracers 4560 Surface waves and tides PY - 2016 SN - 1944-9208 SP - 240-272 ST - Tidal river dynamics: Implications for deltas T2 - Reviews of Geophysics TI - Tidal river dynamics: Implications for deltas VL - 54 ID - 21496 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holgate, Simon J. AU - Matthews, Andrew AU - Woodworth, Philip L. AU - Rickards, Lesley J. AU - Tamisiea, Mark E. AU - Bradshaw, Elizabeth AU - Foden, Peter R. AU - Gordon, Kathleen M. AU - Jevrejeva, Svetlana AU - Pugh, Jeff DA - 2013/05/01 DO - 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00175.1 IS - 3 PY - 2013 SN - 0749-0208 SP - 493-504 ST - New data systems and products at the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level T2 - Journal of Coastal Research TI - New data systems and products at the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level VL - 29 Y2 - 2017/04/27 ID - 20978 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holland, David M. AU - Thomas, Robert H. AU - de Young, Brad AU - Ribergaard, Mads H. AU - Lyberth, Bjarne DA - 10//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo316 IS - 10 PY - 2008 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 659-664 ST - Acceleration of Jakobshavn Isbrae triggered by warm subsurface ocean waters T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Acceleration of Jakobshavn Isbrae triggered by warm subsurface ocean waters VL - 1 ID - 19828 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Hollander, Zaz DA - July 13 PY - 2015 ST - Charges filed in destructive Willow-area Sockeye wildfire T2 - Anchorage Daily News TI - Charges filed in destructive Willow-area Sockeye wildfire UR - https://www.adn.com/mat-su/article/charges-filed-sockeye-fire-investigator-blames-escaped-burn-pile-not-fireworks/2015/07/13/ ID - 25845 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hollesen, Jørgen AU - Matthiesen, Henning AU - Møller, Anders Bjørn AU - Elberling, Bo DA - 06//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2590 IS - 6 M3 - Letter PY - 2015 SN - 1758-678X SP - 574-578 ST - Permafrost thawing in organic Arctic soils accelerated by ground heat production T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Permafrost thawing in organic Arctic soils accelerated by ground heat production VL - 5 ID - 20793 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holling, C. S. DO - 10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245 IS - 1 PY - 1973 SP - 1-23 ST - Resilience and stability of ecological systems T2 - Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics TI - Resilience and stability of ecological systems VL - 4 ID - 25292 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Holmes, Seth H. AU - Reinhart, Christoph F. CY - Sydney, Australia DA - 14-16 November KW - added by ERG PB - International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA) PY - 2011 SP - 2522-2529 T2 - Building Simulation 2011: 12th Conference of IBPSA TI - Climate change risks from a building owner's perspective: Assessing future climate and energy price scenarios UR - http://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/BS2011/P_1788.pdf ID - 22951 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is mounting concern over the source and genetic history of plant propagules used for habitat restoration because introduced genotypes may destabilize remnant local populations through competition and introgression. We examined whether introduced dune grass, Ammophila breviligulata, from Michigan is genetically distinct from a threatened local Minnesota population by comparing local and nonlocal genotypes in well-established stands in the field and in experimental common gardens. Both observational and experimental studies suggest that Michigan plants differed genetically and had an advantage over local plants in terms of vegetative spread and sexual reproduction. Well-established restoration populations composed of Michigan plants produced fertile culms that were 1.8 times taller than Minnesota plants and more than twice as fecund. Introgression is unlikely, however, because Minnesota genotypes flowered on average 6.7 weeks earlier than Michigan plants and only 20% of Minnesota pollen remained viable after 4 weeks. In the common gardens, Michigan plants from two sources were larger in size, grew faster, and flowered more frequently than Minnesota plants. Plant surveys across the study area suggest that nonlocal genotypes have spread beyond documented restoration areas and into local stands, particularly in foredunes. Even if gene flow between local and nonlocal plants is limited due to differences in flowering phenology, Michigan genotypes may out-compete plants in the threatened Minnesota population through greater vegetative and sexual reproduction. The fitness consequences of this change in the genetic composition of the local population have yet to be determined. AU - Holmstrom, Rebecca M. AU - Etterson, Julie R. AU - Schimpf, David J. DO - 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00593.x IS - s2 PY - 2010 SP - 426-437 ST - Dune restoration introduces genetically distinct American beachgrass, Ammophila breviligulata, into a threatened local population T2 - Restoration Ecology TI - Dune restoration introduces genetically distinct American beachgrass, Ammophila breviligulata, into a threatened local population VL - 18 ID - 26574 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Freshwater ecosystems are warming globally from the direct effects of climate change on air temperature and hydrology and the indirect effects on near-stream vegetation. In fire-prone landscapes, vegetative change may be especially rapid and cause significant local stream temperature increases but the importance of these increases relative to broader changes associated with air temperature and hydrology are not well understood. We linked a spatially explicit landscape fire and vegetation model (FireBGCv2) to an empirical regression equation that predicted daily stream temperatures to explore how climate change and its impacts on fire might affect stream thermal conditions across a partially forested, mountainous landscape in the western U.S. We used the model to understand the roles that wildfire and management actions such as fuel reduction and fire suppression could play in mitigating stream thermal responses to climate change. Results indicate that air temperature increases associated with future climates could account for a much larger proportion of stream temperature increases (as much as 90 % at a basin scale) than wildfire. Similarly, land management scenarios that limited wildfire prevalence had negligible effects on future stream temperature increases. These patterns emerged at broader spatial scales because wildfires typically affected only a subset of a stream’s network. However, at finer spatial and temporal scales stream temperatures were sensitive to wildfire. Although wildfires will continue to cause local, short-term effects on stream temperatures, managers of aquatic systems may need to find other solutions to cope with the larger impact from climate change on future stream warming that involves adapting to the increases while developing broad strategies for riparian vegetation restoration. AU - Holsinger, Lisa AU - Keane, Robert E. AU - Isaak, Daniel J. AU - Eby, Lisa AU - Young, Michael K. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1092-5 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 191-206 ST - Relative effects of climate change and wildfires on stream temperatures: A simulation modeling approach in a Rocky Mountain watershed T2 - Climatic Change TI - Relative effects of climate change and wildfires on stream temperatures: A simulation modeling approach in a Rocky Mountain watershed VL - 124 ID - 21991 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holsman, Kirstin K. AU - Ianelli, James AU - Aydin, Kerim AU - Punt, André E. AU - Moffitt, Elizabeth A. DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.08.001 KW - Multi-species model Stock assessment Fisheries USA Alaska Bering Sea Groundfish Predator prey Bioenergetics Biological reference points PY - 2016 SN - 0967-0645 SP - 360-378 ST - A comparison of fisheries biological reference points estimated from temperature-specific multi-species and single-species climate-enhanced stock assessment models T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography TI - A comparison of fisheries biological reference points estimated from temperature-specific multi-species and single-species climate-enhanced stock assessment models VL - 134 ID - 22214 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Holstege, Sean AU - McGlade, Caitlin AU - Gately, Edward PY - 2014 ST - Pumping stations failed at some freeway stations T2 - AZ Central TI - Pumping stations failed at some freeway stations UR - http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/phoenix/2014/09/09/pumping-stations-failed-freeway-stations/15319725/. ID - 23192 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Six Bos taurus (Hereford) steers (body weight 324 ± 22 kg) were used in a 45-day study with a replicated 3 × 3 Latin-square design. Three treatments [ad libitum feeding (ADLIB); limit feeding, 85% of ad libitum (LIMIT); bunk management feeding where steers were only given access to feed from 1600 to 0800 hours the following day (BUNK)] were imposed over 3 periods, with 2 steers assigned to each treatment in each period. Cattle were managed in a temperature-controlled metabolism unit and were exposed to both thermoneutral (17.7°C–26.1°C) and hot (16.7°C–32.9°C) environmental conditions. By design, during the thermoneutral period, the ADLIB cattle displayed greater intake (P < 0.05) than the LIMIT group, with the BUNK group being intermediate. However, during the hot period, both the LIMIT and BUNK treatment groups increased feed intake 4–5%, whereas feed intake of the ADLIB treatment group declined nearly 2%. During both periods respiration rate (RR, breath/min) followed the same pattern that was observed for feed intake, with the greatest (P < 0.05) RR found in the ADLIB treatment group (81.09 and 109.55, thermoneutral and hot, respectively) and lowest (P < 0.05) RR in the LIMIT treatment group (74.47 and 102.76, thermoneutral and hot, respectively). Rectal temperature (RT) did not differ among treatments during the thermoneutral period or the first hot day, although during the thermoneutral period the ADLIB treatment group did tend to display a lower RT, possibly as a result of other physiological processes (pulse rate and RR) aiding to keep RT lower. During the hot period, differences in RT were found on Day 5, with the LIMIT cattle having lower (P < 0.10) RT (38.92°C) than the ADLIB (39.18°C) cattle, with BUNK cattle RT (39.14°C) being intermediate. However, when hourly data were examined, the ADLIB cattle had greater (P < 0.05) RT than the BUNK and LIMIT at 1800 hours and greater RT (P < 0.05) than the LIMIT group at 1400, 1500, and 1600 hours. Clearly, a change in diurnal RT pattern was obtained by using the LIMIT and BUNK feeding regimen. Both of these groups displayed a peak RT during the hot conditions, between 2100 and 2200 hours, whereas the ADLIB group displayed a peak RT between 1400 and 1500 hours, a time very close to when peak climatic stress occurs.Based on these results it is apparent that feedlot managers could alleviate the effects of adverse hot weather on cattle by utilising either a limit-feeding regimen or altering bunk management practices to prevent feed from being consumed several hours prior to the hottest portion of the day. AU - Holt, Simone M. AU - Gaughan, John. B. AU - Mader, Terry L. DO - 10.1071/AR03261 IS - 7 KW - beef cattle, heat stress, feedlot, feeding regimen. PY - 2004 SP - 719-725 ST - Feeding strategies for grain-fed cattle in a hot environment T2 - Australian Journal of Agricultural Research TI - Feeding strategies for grain-fed cattle in a hot environment VL - 55 ID - 23533 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Holtz, Debra AU - Markham, Adam AU - Cell, Kate AU - Ekwurzel, Brenda CY - Cambridge, MA KW - added by ERG PB - Union of Concerned Scientists PY - 2014 SP - 72 ST - National Landmarks at Risk: How Rising Seas, Floods, and Wildfires Are Threatening the United States’ Most Cherished Historic Sites TI - National Landmarks at Risk: How Rising Seas, Floods, and Wildfires Are Threatening the United States’ Most Cherished Historic Sites UR - http://www.ucsusa.org/landmarksatrisk ID - 23068 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Homer, Collin AU - Huang, Chengquan AU - Yang, Limin AU - Wylie, Bruce AU - Coan, Michael DO - 10.14358/PERS.70.7.829 IS - 7 PY - 2007 SP - 829-840 ST - Development of a 2001 National Land-Cover Database for the United States T2 - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing TI - Development of a 2001 National Land-Cover Database for the United States VL - 70 ID - 22592 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Homer, Collin G AU - Dewitz, Jon A AU - Yang, Limin AU - Jin, Suming AU - Danielson, Patrick AU - Xian, George AU - Coulston, John AU - Herold, Nathaniel D AU - Wickham, JD AU - Megown, Kevin DO - 10.14358/PERS.81.5.345 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - 345-354 ST - Completion of the 2011 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States—Representing a decade of land cover change information T2 - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing TI - Completion of the 2011 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States—Representing a decade of land cover change information VL - 81 ID - 22593 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hondula, David M. AU - Balling, Robert C., Jr. AU - Vanos, J.K. AU - Georgescu, Matei DO - 10.1007/s40641-015-0016-4 IS - 3 PY - 2015 SP - 144-154 ST - Rising temperatures, human health, and the role of adaptation T2 - Current Climate Change Reports TI - Rising temperatures, human health, and the role of adaptation VL - 1 ID - 19278 ER - TY - JOUR AB - High temperature and humidity conditions are associated with short-term elevations in the mortality rate in many United States cities. Previous research has quantified this relationship in an aggregate manner over large metropolitan areas, but within these areas the response may differ based on local-scale variability in climate, population characteristics, and socio-economic factors. AU - Hondula, David M. AU - Davis, Robert E. AU - Leisten, Matthew J. AU - Saha, Michael V. AU - Veazey, Lindsay M. AU - Wegner, Carleigh R. DA - March 25 DO - 10.1186/1476-069x-11-16 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1476-069X SP - 16 ST - Fine-scale spatial variability of heat-related mortality in Philadelphia County, USA, from 1983-2008: A case-series analysis T2 - Environmental Health TI - Fine-scale spatial variability of heat-related mortality in Philadelphia County, USA, from 1983-2008: A case-series analysis VL - 11 ID - 26197 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hondula, David M. AU - Davis, Robert E. AU - Saha, Michael V. AU - Wegner, Carleigh R. AU - Veazey, Lindsay M. DA - 2015/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.033 KW - Heat Mortality Spatial Vulnerability Urban PY - 2015 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 439-452 ST - Geographic dimensions of heat-related mortality in seven U.S. cities T2 - Environmental Research TI - Geographic dimensions of heat-related mortality in seven U.S. cities VL - 138 ID - 21134 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We linked a set of climate, hydrology, landscape, and fish population models to estimate the relative influence of freshwater habitat variables on the abundance of a population of endangered stream-type Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha responding to a warming climate. The hydrology models estimated that increases in annual air temperature and winter precipitation would lead to increases in water temperature and changes in discharge, including higher flows during the egg-incubation period and lower flows during the summer rearing period. The spatially explicit population model estimated a resulting decline of 0 to 7% in the number of spawners, with 3 of 4 global climate models estimating a decline of 4 to 7%. Increased water temperature during the summer spawning period was the most limiting among habitat variables modeled, but our modeling suggested that aggressive habitat restoration (increasing forested area and reducing impervious area) could mitigate some spawner abundance reductions. Better knowledge of the links between climate changes and habitat response, including increased streambed scour due to the larger and more frequent winter high-discharge events predicted by our hydrology models, would improve our ability to estimate climate effects on populations. Future limitation by elevated summer water temperature, and potentially egg-pocket scour, would further stress an endangered population currently limited by the percentage of fine sediment around egg pockets. Identifying such changes demonstrates the utility of models that consider climate and integrate life-stage-specific habitat influences over a species’ life cycle, thereby indicating restoration actions with the potential to benefit sensitive life stages. AU - Honea, Jon M. AU - McClure, Michelle M. AU - Jorgensen, Jeffrey C. AU - Scheuerell, Mark D. DO - 10.3354/cr01434 IS - 2 N1 - 10.3354/cr01434 PY - 2016 SP - 127-137 ST - Assessing freshwater life-stage vulnerability of an endangered Chinook salmon population to climate change influences on stream habitat T2 - Climate Research TI - Assessing freshwater life-stage vulnerability of an endangered Chinook salmon population to climate change influences on stream habitat VL - 71 ID - 24660 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hong, Eunkyoung AU - Perkins, Robert AU - Trainor, Sarah DA - 03/18/ DO - 10.14430/arctic4368 IS - 1 KW - Permafrost Settlement Hazard Index, permafrost, thaw subsidence, thaw settlement, thaw settlement risk in Alaska, climate warming PY - 2014 SP - 93-103 ST - Thaw settlement hazard of permafrost related to climate warming in Alaska T2 - Arctic TI - Thaw settlement hazard of permafrost related to climate warming in Alaska VL - 67 ID - 22215 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hongoh, V. AU - Berrang-Ford, L. AU - Scott, M. E. AU - Lindsay, L. R. DA - 2012/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.05.015 KW - Species distribution Range expansion Climate change Geographic information systems PY - 2012 SN - 0143-6228 SP - 53-62 ST - Expanding geographical distribution of the mosquito, Culex pipiens, in Canada under climate change T2 - Applied Geography TI - Expanding geographical distribution of the mosquito, Culex pipiens, in Canada under climate change VL - 33 ID - 23781 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hönisch, Bärbel AU - Ridgwell, Andy AU - Schmidt, Daniela N. AU - Thomas, Ellen AU - Gibbs, Samantha J. AU - Sluijs, Appy AU - Zeebe, Richard AU - Kump, Lee AU - Martindale, Rowan C. AU - Greene, Sarah E. AU - Kiessling, Wolfgang AU - Ries, Justin AU - Zachos, James C. AU - Royer, Dana L. AU - Barker, Stephen AU - Marchitto, Thomas M., Jr. AU - Moyer, Ryan AU - Pelejero, Carles AU - Ziveri, Patrizia AU - Foster, Gavin L. AU - Williams, Branwen C6 - NCA DO - 10.1126/science.1208277 IS - 6072 PY - 2012 SP - 1058-1063 ST - The geological record of ocean acidification T2 - Science TI - The geological record of ocean acidification VL - 335 ID - 13794 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Honsey, Andrew E. AU - Donabauer, Steven B. AU - Höök, Tomas O. DA - 2016/03/03 DO - 10.1080/00028487.2015.1125949 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SN - 0002-8487 SP - 363-373 ST - An analysis of lake morphometric and land-use characteristics that promote persistence of Cisco in Indiana T2 - Transactions of the American Fisheries Society TI - An analysis of lake morphometric and land-use characteristics that promote persistence of Cisco in Indiana VL - 145 ID - 26576 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoover, Daniel J. AU - Odigie, Kingsley O. AU - Swarzenski, Peter W. AU - Barnard, Patrick DA - 2017/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ejrh.2015.12.055 KW - Sea-level rise Groundwater Coastal aquifer Inundation projections Groundwater shoaling California PY - 2017 SN - 2214-5818 SP - 234-249 ST - Sea-level rise and coastal groundwater inundation and shoaling at select sites in California, USA T2 - Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies TI - Sea-level rise and coastal groundwater inundation and shoaling at select sites in California, USA VL - 11 ID - 23782 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoover, Daniel J. AU - Odigie, Kingsley O. AU - Swarzenski, Peter W. AU - Barnard, Patrick DA - 2017/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ejrh.2015.12.055 KW - Sea-level rise Groundwater Coastal aquifer Inundation projections Groundwater shoaling California PY - 2017 SN - 2214-5818 SP - 234-249 ST - Sea-level rise and coastal groundwater inundation and shoaling at select sites in California, USA T2 - Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies TI - Sea-level rise and coastal groundwater inundation and shoaling at select sites in California, USA VL - 11 ID - 25466 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoover, David L. AU - Duniway, Michael C. AU - Belnap, Jayne DO - 10.1111/1365-2745.12647 IS - 1 KW - cold desert dryland ecophysiology Hierarchical Response Framework normalized difference vegetation index photosynthesis plant functional types press soil moisture dynamics PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2745 SP - 152-162 ST - Testing the apparent resistance of three dominant plants to chronic drought on the Colorado Plateau T2 - Journal of Ecology TI - Testing the apparent resistance of three dominant plants to chronic drought on the Colorado Plateau VL - 105 ID - 23783 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hope, Chris AU - Schaefer, Kevin DA - 01//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2807 IS - 1 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 56-59 ST - Economic impacts of carbon dioxide and methane released from thawing permafrost. T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Economic impacts of carbon dioxide and methane released from thawing permafrost. VL - 6 ID - 22216 ER - TY - JOUR AB - High-quality hazard mitigation plans may improve postdisaster outcomes in many ways, including establishing a community fact base and providing rationales for protective policies and actions. Hazard mitigation plans in eighty-four rural counties in the Southeastern United States were scored using an established protocol. To supplement quantitative data, twenty-one key informant interviews were conducted in a subsample of seven counties. While overall plan quality was poor, informants identified areas for improvement. Understanding potential shortcomings of rural hazard mitigation plans can help communities identify areas to direct limited resources to improve plans, particularly in communities that self-identify as highly vulnerable to disasters. AU - Horney, Jennifer AU - Nguyen, Mai AU - Salvesen, David AU - Dwyer, Caroline AU - Cooper, John AU - Berke, Philip DO - 10.1177/0739456x16628605 IS - 1 KW - methods,neighborhood planning,sustainability PY - 2017 SP - 56-65 ST - Assessing the quality of rural hazard mitigation plans in the southeastern United States T2 - Journal of Planning Education and Research TI - Assessing the quality of rural hazard mitigation plans in the southeastern United States VL - 37 ID - 24324 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Horney, Jennifer A. AU - Naimi, Ashley I. AU - Lyles, Ward AU - Simon, Matt AU - Salvesen, David AU - Berke, Philip DO - 10.3390/challe3020183 IS - 2 PY - 2012 SN - 2078-1547 SP - 183 ST - Assessing the relationship between hazard mitigation plan quality and rural status in a cohort of 57 counties from 3 states in the southeastern U.S T2 - Challenges TI - Assessing the relationship between hazard mitigation plan quality and rural status in a cohort of 57 counties from 3 states in the southeastern U.S VL - 3 ID - 24204 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hornor, Gail DA - 2017/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.pedhc.2016.09.005 IS - 3 KW - Trauma resilience stress PY - 2017 SN - 0891-5245 SP - 384-390 ST - Resilience T2 - Journal of Pediatric Health Care TI - Resilience VL - 31 ID - 23784 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Horton, Daniel E. AU - Johnson, Nathaniel C. AU - Singh, Deepti AU - Swain, Daniel L. AU - Rajaratnam, Bala AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S. DA - 06/25/print DO - 10.1038/nature14550 IS - 7557 M3 - Letter PY - 2015 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 465-469 ST - Contribution of changes in atmospheric circulation patterns to extreme temperature trends T2 - Nature TI - Contribution of changes in atmospheric circulation patterns to extreme temperature trends VL - 522 ID - 19422 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Horton, Daniel E. AU - Skinner, Christopher B. AU - Singh, Deepti AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S. DO - 10.1038/nclimate2272 IS - 8 N1 - Ch3 PY - 2014 SN - 1758-678X 1758-6798 SP - 698-703 ST - Occurrence and persistence of future atmospheric stagnation events T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Occurrence and persistence of future atmospheric stagnation events VL - 4 ID - 17758 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Parris, Adam S. A2 - Garfin, Gregg M. A2 - Dow, Kirstin A2 - Meyer, Ryan A2 - Close, Sarah L. AU - Horton, Radley AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Solecki, William AU - Bader, Daniel AU - Sohl, Linda C4 - 15df801e-f052-4327-9b08-47c13d894ea7 CY - New York PB - Wiley PY - 2016 SN - 978-1-118-47479-2 SP - 51-72 ST - Climate science for decision-making in the New York metropolitan region T2 - Climate in Context: Science and Society Partnering for Adaptation TI - Climate science for decision-making in the New York metropolitan region ID - 21370 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Horton, Radley H. AU - Bader, Daniel A. AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - DeGaetano, Arthur T. AU - Solecki, William CY - Albany, NY N1 - ISBN: 978-1-936842-08-7 NV - NYSERDA Report 14-26 PB - New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) PY - 2014 RP - ISBN: 978-1-936842-08-7 SP - 17 ST - Climate Change in New York State. Updating the 2011 ClimAID Climate Risk Information, Supplement to NYSERDA Report 11-18 TI - Climate Change in New York State. Updating the 2011 ClimAID Climate Risk Information, Supplement to NYSERDA Report 11-18 UR - https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/-/media/Files/Publications/Research/Environmental/ClimAID/2014-ClimAid-Report.pdf ID - 24516 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Horton, R.M. AU - Gornitz, V. AU - Bader, D.A. AU - Ruane, A.C. AU - Goldberg, R. AU - Rosenzweig, C. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/2011JAMC2521.1 IS - 11 PY - 2011 SN - 1558-8424 SP - 2247-2266 ST - Climate hazard assessment for stakeholder adaptation planning in New York City T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - Climate hazard assessment for stakeholder adaptation planning in New York City VL - 50 ID - 13805 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Horton, Radley M. AU - Liu, Jiping DO - 10.1142/S2345737614500079 IS - 01 PY - 2014 SP - 1450007 ST - Beyond Hurricane Sandy: What might the future hold for tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic? T2 - Journal of Extreme Events TI - Beyond Hurricane Sandy: What might the future hold for tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic? VL - 01 ID - 19933 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoshiko, Sumi AU - English, Paul AU - Smith, Daniel AU - Trent, Roger DO - 10.1007/s00038-009-0060-8 IS - 2 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2010 SN - 1661-8556 1420-911X SP - 133-137 ST - A simple method for estimating excess mortality due to heat waves, as applied to the 2006 California heat wave T2 - International Journal of Public Health TI - A simple method for estimating excess mortality due to heat waves, as applied to the 2006 California heat wave VL - 55 ID - 17600 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hotaling, Scott AU - Finn, Debra S. AU - Joseph Giersch, J. AU - Weisrock, David W. AU - Jacobsen, Dean DO - 10.1111/brv.12319 IS - 4 KW - lotic ecology glacier recession global change biodiversity macroinvertebrate benthic mountain microbial ecology conservation biology PY - 2017 SN - 1469-185X SP - 2024-2045 ST - Climate change and alpine stream biology: Progress, challenges, and opportunities for the future T2 - Biological Reviews TI - Climate change and alpine stream biology: Progress, challenges, and opportunities for the future VL - 92 ID - 21611 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Precipitation affects many aspects of our everyday life. It is the primary source of freshwater and has significant socioeconomic impacts resulting from natural hazards such as hurricanes, floods, droughts, and landslides. Fundamentally, precipitation is a critical component of the global water and energy cycle that governs the weather, climate, and ecological systems. Accurate and timely knowledge of when, where, and how much it rains or snows is essential for understanding how the Earth system functions and for improving the prediction of weather, climate, freshwater resources, and natural hazard events. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international satellite mission specifically designed to set a new standard for the measurement of precipitation from space and to provide a new generation of global rainfall and snowfall observations in all parts of the world every 3 h. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency (JAXA) successfully launched the Core Observatory satellite on 28 February 2014 carrying advanced radar and radiometer systems to serve as a precipitation physics observatory. This will serve as a transfer standard for improving the accuracy and consistency of precipitation measurements from a constellation of research and operational satellites provided by a consortium of international partners. GPM will provide key measurements for understanding the global water and energy cycle in a changing climate as well as timely information useful for a range of regional and global societal applications such as numerical weather prediction, natural hazard monitoring, freshwater resource management, and crop forecasting. AU - Hou, Arthur Y. AU - Kakar, Ramesh K. AU - Neeck, Steven AU - Azarbarzin, Ardeshir A. AU - Kummerow, Christian D. AU - Kojima, Masahiro AU - Oki, Riko AU - Nakamura, Kenji AU - Iguchi, Toshio DO - 10.1175/bams-d-13-00164.1 IS - 5 PY - 2014 SP - 701-722 ST - The Global Precipitation Measurement mission T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - The Global Precipitation Measurement mission VL - 95 ID - 22071 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Houghton, Adele AU - Austin, Jessica AU - Beerman, Abby AU - Horton, Clayton C7 - 3407325 DO - 10.1155/2017/3407325 PY - 2017 SP - 16 ST - An approach to developing local climate change environmental public health indicators in a rural district T2 - Journal of Environmental and Public Health TI - An approach to developing local climate change environmental public health indicators in a rural district VL - 2017 ID - 23534 ER - TY - DATA AU - Houghton, Richard A. C4 - 31abc54a-b4bf-4232-81a1-69396a45d44a CY - Woods Hole Research Center (MA) PB - ORNL Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (TN) PY - 2008 ST - Carbon flux to the atmosphere from land-use changes 1850-2005. In TRENDS: A Compendium of Data on Global Change TI - Carbon flux to the atmosphere from land-use changes 1850-2005. In TRENDS: A Compendium of Data on Global Change UR - http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/landuse/houghton/houghton.html ID - 22594 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Houghton, R. A. AU - Hackler, J.L. AU - Lawrence, K.T. DO - 10.1126/science.285.5427.574 IS - 5427 PY - 1999 SN - 00368075 10959203 SP - 574-578 ST - The U.S. carbon budget: Contributions from land-use change T2 - Science TI - The U.S. carbon budget: Contributions from land-use change VL - 285 ID - 22595 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Houser, S. AU - Teller, V. AU - MacCracken, M. AU - Gough, R AU - Spears, P. C4 - 842903de-6ded-43d7-9f25-19149a85349e CY - Cambridge, UK PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2001 SP - 351-377 ST - Ch. 12: Potential consequences of climate variability and change for native peoples and homelands T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: Potential Consequences of Climate Change and Variability and Change TI - Ch. 12: Potential consequences of climate variability and change for native peoples and homelands UR - https://www.globalchange.gov/browse/reports/climate-change-impacts-united-states-potential-consequences-climate-variability-and-3 ID - 13810 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Houser, Trevor AU - Hsiang, Solomon AU - Kopp, Robert AU - Larsen, Kate AU - Delgado, Michael AU - Jina, Amir AU - Mastrandrea, Michael AU - Mohan, Shashank AU - Muir-Wood, Robert AU - Rasmussen, D. J. AU - Rising, James AU - Wilson, Paul C4 - 9f559c9b-c78e-4593-bcbe-f07661d29e16 CY - New York PB - Columbia University Press PY - 2015 SN - 023117456X 978-0231174565 SP - 384 ST - Economic Risks of Climate Change: An American Prospectus TI - Economic Risks of Climate Change: An American Prospectus ID - 25465 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Houser, Trevor AU - Kopp, Robert AU - Hsiang, Solomon AU - Delgado, Michael AU - Jina, Amir AU - Larsen, Kate AU - Mastrandrea, Michael AU - Mohan, Shashank AU - Muir-Wood, Robert AU - Rasmussen, DJ AU - Rising, James AU - Wilson, Paul CY - New York, NY PB - Rhodium Group PY - 2014 SP - 201 ST - American Climate Prospectus: Economic Risks in the United States T2 - Working Paper Series TI - American Climate Prospectus: Economic Risks in the United States UR - https://gspp.berkeley.edu/assets/uploads/research/pdf/American_Climate_Prospectus.pdf ID - 21430 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Specialty fruit crops represent a substantial portion of the value of agricultural production in the Pacific Northwest. Climate change may threaten water sources, lengthen the dry season, raise temperatures during both the winter chilling period and the growing season, and facilitate the spread of fungal diseases and insects. Such changes have the potential to substantially reduce net returns due to increased input costs and altered yields and product quality. Many management strategies that are already being used to prolong growing seasons in marginal production areas and to improve production and quality in established production regions may also be useful as adaptation strategies under a changing climate. These strategies mostly involve moderating temperatures and controlling or compensating for mismatches between phenology and seasonal weather conditions. AU - Houston, Laurie AU - Capalbo, Susan AU - Seavert, Clark AU - Dalton, Meghan AU - Bryla, David AU - Sagili, Ramesh DA - April 03 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1951-y IS - 1-2 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 159-171 ST - Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: Adaptation strategies for a changing climate T2 - Climatic Change TI - Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: Adaptation strategies for a changing climate VL - 146 ID - 24659 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Howard, Jennifer AU - Sutton-Grier, Ariana AU - Herr, Dorothée AU - Kleypas, Joan AU - Landis, Emily AU - McLeod, Elizabeth AU - Pidgeon, Emily AU - Simpson, Stefanie DO - 10.1002/fee.1451 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 42-50 ST - Clarifying the role of coastal and marine systems in climate mitigation T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Clarifying the role of coastal and marine systems in climate mitigation VL - 15 ID - 21809 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Howard, Rebecca J. AU - Day, Richard H. AU - Krauss, Ken W. AU - From, Andrew S. AU - Allain, Larry AU - Cormier, Nicole DO - 10.1111/rec.12452 IS - 3 KW - coastal marsh hydrology mangrove forest expansion plant species composition transition zone PY - 2017 SN - 1526-100X SP - 471-482 ST - Hydrologic restoration in a dynamic subtropical mangrove-to-marsh ecotone T2 - Restoration Ecology TI - Hydrologic restoration in a dynamic subtropical mangrove-to-marsh ecotone VL - 25 ID - 24325 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Howden, S.M. AU - Soussana, Jean-François AU - Tubiello, F.N. AU - Chhetri, N. AU - Dunlop, M. AU - Meinke, H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1073/pnas.0701890104 ET - December 6, 2007 IS - 50 PY - 2007 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 19691-19696 ST - Adapting agriculture to climate change T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Adapting agriculture to climate change VL - 104 ID - 13818 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Howell, Benita J. AU - Howell, Benita J. C4 - 1b783f6e-d878-4908-9761-f0af84cf7b62 CY - Urbana and Chicago (IL) PB - University of Illinois Press PY - 2002 SE - 1 SN - 0-252-02705-1 0-252-07022-4 978-0252070228 SP - 1-16 ST - Appalachian culture and environmental planning: Expanding the role of cultural sciences T2 - Culture, Environment, and Conservation in the Appalachian South TI - Appalachian culture and environmental planning: Expanding the role of cultural sciences ID - 24415 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Howitt, Richard AU - MacEwan, Duncan AU - Medellín-Azuara, Josué AU - Lund, Jay AU - Sumner, Daniel CY - Davis, CA PB - University of California-Davis, Center for Watershed Sciences PY - 2015 SP - 28 ST - Economic Analysis of the 2015 Drought for California Agriculture TI - Economic Analysis of the 2015 Drought for California Agriculture UR - https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/files/biblio/Final_Drought%20Report_08182015_Full_Report_WithAppendices.pdf ID - 23948 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Howitt, Richard AU - Medellín-Azuara, Josué AU - MacEwan, Duncan AU - Lund, Jay R. AU - Sumner, Daniel CY - Davis, CA PB - University of California-Davis, Center for Watershed Sciences PY - 2014 SP - various ST - Economic Analysis of the 2014 Drought for California Agriculture TI - Economic Analysis of the 2014 Drought for California Agriculture UR - https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/files/content/news/Economic_Impact_of_the_2014_California_Water_Drought.pdf ID - 26365 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Howk, Forrest DA - 2009/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.002 IS - 1 KW - Ice Navigation Bayfield Lake Superior PY - 2009 SN - 0380-1330 SP - 159-162 ST - Changes in Lake Superior ice cover at Bayfield, Wisconsin T2 - Journal of Great Lakes Research TI - Changes in Lake Superior ice cover at Bayfield, Wisconsin VL - 35 ID - 26575 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Hoxie, Frederick E. AU - Iverson, Peter CY - Hoboken, NJ ET - 2nd PB - Wiley PY - 2014 SN - 978-0882959399 SP - 320 ST - Indians in American History: An Introduction TI - Indians in American History: An Introduction ID - 23235 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The livestock industries are a major contributor to the economy of the northeastern United States. Climate models predict increased average maximum temperatures, days with temperatures exceeding 25 °C, and higher annual precipitation in the Northeast. These environmental changes combined with increased atmospheric CO2 concentration are expected to either increase or decrease forage productivity depending on the crop, and may decrease protein content and forage digestibility. Winter damage to sensitive forage species may also increase. Predicted temperature increases are expected to reduce fertility in dairy cattle and heat stress-induced inflammation may limit energy available for productive functions. Additional loss in milk production due to decreased feed intake is estimated to be up to 1% of the projected annual milk production through 2100. The effects of climate change on the beef industry in the Northeast are expected to be minimal. Broiler production in the region may benefit from warmer winter and summer temperatures, but future housing will require greater insulation and ventilation fan capacity. Providing adequate housing and ventilation to offset climate changes will also be important for the layer industry and will likely increase the price of eggs. Climate change is expected to have an economic impact on the horse industry in the region through additional management of land and forage resources, building of shelters, and heat abatement at equine events. Increased temperatures and more intense storms will increase nutrient losses and gaseous emissions from animal manure. Uncertainties about how host animals, pathogens, and disease vectors will respond to climate change highlight the need for continued animal health monitoring. AU - Hristov, A. N. AU - Degaetano, A. T. AU - Rotz, C. A. AU - Hoberg, E. AU - Skinner, R. H. AU - Felix, T. AU - Li, H. AU - Patterson, P. H. AU - Roth, G. AU - Hall, M. AU - Ott, T. L. AU - Baumgard, L. H. AU - Staniar, W. AU - Hulet, R. M. AU - Dell, C. J. AU - Brito, A. F. AU - Hollinger, D. Y. DA - July 17 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2023-z M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 ST - Climate change effects on livestock in the Northeast US and strategies for adaptation T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change effects on livestock in the Northeast US and strategies for adaptation ID - 21808 ER - TY - WEB AU - HRWC CY - Ann Arbor, MI PB - Huron River Watershed Council (HRWC) PY - 2018 ST - Assessing Urban Vulnerability [web site] TI - Assessing Urban Vulnerability [web site] UR - https://www.hrwc.org/what-we-do/programs/climate-change/assessing-urban-vulnerability/ ID - 26693 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Episodes of severe weather in the United States, such as the present abundance of rainfall in California, are brandished as tangible evidence of the future costs of current climate trends. Hsiang et al. collected national data documenting the responses in six economic sectors to short-term weather fluctuations. These data were integrated with probabilistic distributions from a set of global climate models and used to estimate future costs during the remainder of this century across a range of scenarios (see the Perspective by Pizer). In terms of overall effects on gross domestic product, the authors predict negative impacts in the southern United States and positive impacts in some parts of the Pacific Northwest and New England.Science, this issue p. 1362; see also p. 1330Estimates of climate change damage are central to the design of climate policies. Here, we develop a flexible architecture for computing damages that integrates climate science, econometric analyses, and process models. We use this approach to construct spatially explicit, probabilistic, and empirically derived estimates of economic damage in the United States from climate change. The combined value of market and nonmarket damage across analyzed sectors—agriculture, crime, coastal storms, energy, human mortality, and labor—increases quadratically in global mean temperature, costing roughly 1.2% of gross domestic product per +1°C on average. Importantly, risk is distributed unequally across locations, generating a large transfer of value northward and westward that increases economic inequality. By the late 21st century, the poorest third of counties are projected to experience damages between 2 and 20% of county income (90% chance) under business-as-usual emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5). AU - Hsiang, Solomon AU - Kopp, Robert AU - Jina, Amir AU - Rising, James AU - Delgado, Michael AU - Mohan, Shashank AU - Rasmussen, D. J. AU - Muir-Wood, Robert AU - Wilson, Paul AU - Oppenheimer, Michael AU - Larsen, Kate AU - Houser, Trevor DO - 10.1126/science.aal4369 IS - 6345 PY - 2017 SP - 1362-1369 ST - Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States T2 - Science TI - Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States VL - 356 ID - 23965 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hsiang, S. M. AU - Burke, Marshall DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0868-3 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SP - 39-55 ST - Climate, conflict, and social stability: What does the evidence say? T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate, conflict, and social stability: What does the evidence say? VL - 123 ID - 19210 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A rapidly growing body of research examines whether human conflict can be affected by climatic changes. Drawing from archaeology, criminology, economics, geography, history, political science, and psychology, we assemble and analyze the 60 most rigorous quantitative studies and document, for the first time, a striking convergence of results. We find strong causal evidence linking climatic events to human conflict across a range of spatial and temporal scales and across all major regions of the world. The magnitude of climate's influence is substantial: for each one standard deviation (1sigma) change in climate toward warmer temperatures or more extreme rainfall, median estimates indicate that the frequency of interpersonal violence rises 4% and the frequency of intergroup conflict rises 14%. Because locations throughout the inhabited world are expected to warm 2sigma to 4sigma by 2050, amplified rates of human conflict could represent a large and critical impact of anthropogenic climate change. AD - Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. shsiang@berkeley.edu AU - Hsiang, S. M. AU - Burke, M. AU - Miguel, E. C6 - NIEHS DA - Sep 13 DB - DO - 10.1126/science.1235367 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2013/09/14 IS - 6151 KW - Climate Climate Change/ statistics & numerical data Conflict (Psychology) Crime/ statistics & numerical data Humans Literature Based Discovery Violence/statistics & numerical data LA - eng N1 - Hsiang, Solomon M Burke, Marshall Miguel, Edward Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Science. 2013 Sep 13;341(6151):1235367. doi: 10.1126/science.1235367. Epub 2013 Aug 1. PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1095-9203 (Electronic) 0036-8075 (Linking) SP - 1235367 ST - Quantifying the influence of climate on human conflict T2 - Science TI - Quantifying the influence of climate on human conflict VL - 341 ID - 4568 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hsiang, Solomon M. AU - Jina, Amir S. CY - Cambridge, MA DO - 10.3386/w20352 PB - National Bureau of Economic Research PY - 2014 SN - NBER Working Paper No. 20352 SP - 68 ST - The Causal Effect of Environmental Catastrophe on Long-Run Economic Growth: Evidence from 6,700 Cyclones TI - The Causal Effect of Environmental Catastrophe on Long-Run Economic Growth: Evidence from 6,700 Cyclones ID - 26682 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hu, Falong AU - Gan, Yantai AU - Cui, Hongyan AU - Zhao, Cai AU - Feng, Fuxue AU - Yin, Wen AU - Chai, Qiang DA - 2016/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.eja.2015.11.019 KW - Conservation tillage No-till Residue management Strip intercropping Soil moisture Soil respiration C sequestration PY - 2016 SN - 1161-0301 SP - 9-17 ST - Intercropping maize and wheat with conservation agriculture principles improves water harvesting and reduces carbon emissions in dry areas T2 - European Journal of Agronomy TI - Intercropping maize and wheat with conservation agriculture principles improves water harvesting and reduces carbon emissions in dry areas VL - 74 ID - 25562 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The monthly Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) dataset, available on global 2° × 2° grids, has been revised herein to version 4 (v4) from v3b. Major revisions include updated and substantially more complete input data from the International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) release 2.5; revised empirical orthogonal teleconnections (EOTs) and EOT acceptance criterion; updated sea surface temperature (SST) quality control procedures; revised SST anomaly (SSTA) evaluation methods; updated bias adjustments of ship SSTs using the Hadley Centre Nighttime Marine Air Temperature dataset version 2 (HadNMAT2); and buoy SST bias adjustment not previously made in v3b.Tests show that the impacts of the revisions to ship SST bias adjustment in ERSST.v4 are dominant among all revisions and updates. The effect is to make SST 0.1°–0.2°C cooler north of 30°S but 0.1°–0.2°C warmer south of 30°S in ERSST.v4 than in ERSST.v3b before 1940. In comparison with the Met Office SST product [the Hadley Centre Sea Surface Temperature dataset, version 3 (HadSST3)], the ship SST bias adjustment in ERSST.v4 is 0.1°–0.2°C cooler in the tropics but 0.1°–0.2°C warmer in the midlatitude oceans both before 1940 and from 1945 to 1970. Comparisons highlight differences in long-term SST trends and SSTA variations at decadal time scales among ERSST.v4, ERSST.v3b, HadSST3, and Centennial Observation-Based Estimates of SST version 2 (COBE-SST2), which is largely associated with the difference of bias adjustments in these SST products. The tests also show that, when compared with v3b, SSTAs in ERSST.v4 can substantially better represent the El Niño/La Niña behavior when observations are sparse before 1940. Comparisons indicate that SSTs in ERSST.v4 are as close to satellite-based observations as other similar SST analyses. AU - Huang, Boyin AU - Banzon, Viva F. AU - Freeman, Eric AU - Lawrimore, Jay AU - Liu, Wei AU - Peterson, Thomas C. AU - Smith, Thomas M. AU - Thorne, Peter W. AU - Woodruff, Scott D. AU - Zhang, Huai-Min DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00006.1 IS - 3 KW - Sea surface temperature,Buoy observations,Data processing,In situ oceanic observations,Ship observations,Bias PY - 2015 SP - 911-930 ST - Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature Version 4 (ERSST.v4). Part I: Upgrades and intercomparisons T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature Version 4 (ERSST.v4). Part I: Upgrades and intercomparisons VL - 28 ID - 20267 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The northeastern United States has experienced a large increase in precipitation over recent decades. Annual and seasonal changes of total and extreme precipitation from station observations in the Northeast were assessed over multiple time periods spanning 1901–2014. Spatially averaged, both annual total and extreme precipitation across the Northeast increased significantly since 1901, with changepoints occurring in 2002 and 1996, respectively. Annual extreme precipitation experienced a larger increase than total precipitation; extreme precipitation from 1996 to 2014 is 53% higher than from 1901 to 1995. Spatially, coastal areas receive more total and extreme precipitation on average, but increases across the changepoints are distributed fairly uniformly across the domain. Increases in annual total precipitation across the 2002 changepoint are driven by significant total precipitation increases in fall and summer, while increases in annual extreme precipitation across the 1996 changepoint are driven by significant extreme precipitation increases in fall and spring. The ability of gridded observed and reanalysis precipitation data to reproduce station observations was also evaluated. Gridded observations perform well in reproducing averages and trends of annual and seasonal total precipitation, but extreme precipitation trends show significantly different spatial and domain-averaged trends than station data. The North American Regional Reanalysis generally underestimates annual and seasonal total and extreme precipitation means and trends relative to station observations, and also shows substantial differences in the spatial pattern of total and extreme precipitation trends within the Northeast. AU - Huang, Huanping AU - Winter, Jonathan M. AU - Osterberg, Erich C. AU - Horton, Radley M. AU - Beckage, Brian DO - 10.1175/jhm-d-16-0195.1 IS - 6 KW - Climate change,Climate variability,Climatology,Hydrometeorology PY - 2017 SP - 1783-1798 ST - Total and extreme precipitation changes over the northeastern United States T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - Total and extreme precipitation changes over the northeastern United States VL - 18 ID - 21807 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Several economic assessments of climate change build on the assumption that reductions of cold-related mortality will overcompensate increases in heat-related mortality at least for moderate levels of global warming. Due to the lack of suitable epidemiological studies with sufficient spatial coverage, many of these assessments rely on one particular dataset: projections of temperature-related mortality in 17 countries published almost 20 years ago. Here, we reanalyse this dataset with a focus on cardiovascular mortality and present evidence for two flaws in the original analysis, which would imply a significant bias towards finding net mortality benefits from climate change: (i) the combination of mortality data for all ages with data specific to the elderly and (ii) the confounding of seasonal effects with direct temperature effects on mortality. This bias appears to be further amplified in the integrated assessment models FUND and ENVISAGE, and related economic assessment tools relying on the same calibration scheme, because heat-related cardiovascular mortality is assumed to affect urban populations only in these models. In an exemplary calculation, we show that while FUND currently projects a net reduction of approximately 380,000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases globally per year at 1 °C of global warming, correcting for the two potential flaws and assuming equal vulnerability of urban and rural populations would result in a net increase of cardiovascular mortality, with approximately 150,000 net additional deaths globally per year. Our findings point to the urgent need of renewing damage functions on temperature-related mortality currently applied in some of the most widely used integrated assessment models. AU - Huber, Veronika AU - Ibarreta, Dolores AU - Frieler, Katja DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1956-6 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 407-418 ST - Cold- and heat-related mortality: A cautionary note on current damage functions with net benefits from climate change T2 - Climatic Change TI - Cold- and heat-related mortality: A cautionary note on current damage functions with net benefits from climate change VL - 142 ID - 23537 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Huber, V. AU - Schellnhuber, H. J. AU - Arnell, N. W. AU - Frieler, K. AU - Friend, A. D. AU - Gerten, D. AU - Haddeland, I. AU - Kabat, P. AU - Lotze-Campen, H. AU - Lucht, W. AU - Parry, M. AU - Piontek, F. AU - Rosenzweig, C. AU - Schewe, J. AU - Warszawski, L. DO - 10.5194/esd-5-399-2014 IS - 2 N1 - ESD PY - 2014 SN - 2190-4987 SP - 399-408 ST - Climate impact research: Beyond patchwork T2 - Earth System Dynamics TI - Climate impact research: Beyond patchwork VL - 5 ID - 24485 ER - TY - RPRT AU - HUD CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) PY - 2014 SP - 70 ST - Climate Change Adaptation Plan TI - Climate Change Adaptation Plan UR - https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/HUD2014CCADAPTPLAN.PDF ID - 23177 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Over the last 60 years, Alaska's mean annual temperature has increased by 1.6 degrees C, more than twice the rate of the rest of the United States. As a result, climate change impacts are more pronounced here than in other regions of the United States. Warmer temperatures may allow some infected host animals to survive winters in larger numbers, increase their population and expand their range of habitation thus increasing the opportunity for transmission of infection to humans. Subsistence hunting and gathering activities may place rural residents of Alaska at a greater risk of acquiring zoonotic infections than urban residents. Known zoonotic diseases that occur in Alaska include brucellosis, toxoplasmosis, trichinellosis, giardiasis/cryptosporidiosis, echinococcosis, rabies and tularemia. Actions for early disease detection, research and prevention and control include: (1) determining baseline levels of infection and disease in both humans and host animals; (2) conducting more research to understand the ecology of infection in the Arctic environment; (3) improving active and passive surveillance systems for infection and disease in humans and animals; (4) improving outreach, education and communication on climate-sensitive infectious diseases at the community, health and animal care provider levels; and (5) improving coordination between public health and animal health agencies, universities and tribal health organisations. AU - Hueffer, K. AU - Parkinson, A. J. AU - Gerlach, R. AU - Berner, J. C6 - NIEHS C7 - 19562 DB - DO - 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.19562 DP - CCII Web of Science KW - Zoonotic infections climate change gaps in knowledge recommendations US Arctic toxoplasma-gondii echinococcus-multilocularis serologic survey molecular characterization sarcocystis-neurona marine mammals grizzly bears brucella cryptosporidium trichinella LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Times Cited: 0 Hueffer, Karsten Parkinson, Alan J. Gerlach, Robert Berner, James National Center for Research Resources [5P20RR016466-12]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences from the National Institutes of Health [8 P20 GM103395-12] This project was supported by grants from the National Center for Research Resources (5P20RR016466-12) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (8 P20 GM103395-12) from the National Institutes of Health. Co-action publishing Jarfalla PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique - Pull PDF manually SN - 1239-9736 ST - Zoonotic infections in Alaska: Disease prevalence, potential impact of climate change and recommended actions for earlier disease detection, research, prevention and control T2 - International Journal of Circumpolar Health TI - Zoonotic infections in Alaska: Disease prevalence, potential impact of climate change and recommended actions for earlier disease detection, research, prevention and control VL - 72 ID - 4577 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hufkens, Koen AU - Friedl, Mark AU - Sonnentag, Oliver AU - Braswell, Bobby H. AU - Milliman, Thomas AU - Richardson, Andrew D. DA - 2012/02/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.006 KW - MODIS PhenoCam Digital camera Vegetation indices Validation PY - 2012 SN - 0034-4257 SP - 307-321 ST - Linking near-surface and satellite remote sensing measurements of deciduous broadleaf forest phenology T2 - Remote Sensing of Environment TI - Linking near-surface and satellite remote sensing measurements of deciduous broadleaf forest phenology VL - 117 ID - 23387 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hugelius, G. AU - Strauss, J. AU - Zubrzycki, S. AU - Harden, J. W. AU - Schuur, E. A. G. AU - Ping, C. L. AU - Schirrmeister, L. AU - Grosse, G. AU - Michaelson, G. J. AU - Koven, C. D. AU - O'Donnell, J. A. AU - Elberling, B. AU - Mishra, U. AU - Camill, P. AU - Yu, Z. AU - Palmtag, J. AU - Kuhry, P. DO - 10.5194/bg-11-6573-2014 IS - 23 PY - 2014 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 6573-6593 ST - Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps VL - 11 ID - 26119 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hughes, Jeff CY - Chapel Hill, NC PB - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Environmental Finance Center PY - 2017 ST - The Financial Impacts of Alternative Water Project Delivery Models: A Closer Look at Nine Communities TI - The Financial Impacts of Alternative Water Project Delivery Models: A Closer Look at Nine Communities UR - https://efc.sog.unc.edu/resource/financial-impacts-alternative-water-project-delivery-models-closer-look-nine-communities ID - 24205 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hughes, J.E. AU - Deegan, L.A. AU - Wyda, J.C. AU - Weaver, M.J. AU - Wright, A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/BF02691311 IS - 2 PY - 2002 SN - 1559-2723 SP - 235-249 ST - The effects of eelgrass habitat loss on estuarine fish communities of southern New England T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - The effects of eelgrass habitat loss on estuarine fish communities of southern New England VL - 25 ID - 13837 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The concentration of people, infrastructure, and ecosystem services in urban areas make them prime sites for climate change adaptation. While advances have been made in the development of frameworks for adaptation planning and in identifying both real and potential barriers to action, empirical work evaluating urban adaptation planning processes has been relatively piecemeal. Existing assessments of current experience with urban adaptation provide necessarily broad generalizations based on the available peer-reviewed literature. This paper uses a meta-analysis of U.S. cities’ current experience with urban adaptation planning drawing from 54 sources that include peer-reviewed literature, government reports, white papers, and reports published by non-governmental organizations. The analysis specifically evaluates the institutional support structures being developed for urban climate change adaptation. The results demonstrate that adaptation planning is driven by a desire to reduce vulnerability and often catalyzes new collaborations and coordination mechanisms in urban governance. As a result, building capacity for urban climate change adaptation planning requires a focus not only on city governments themselves but also on the complex horizontal and vertical networks that have arisen around such efforts. Existing adaptation planning often lacks attention to equity issues, social vulnerability, and the influence of non-climatic factors on vulnerability. Engaging city governments and communities in adaptation planning – whether to initiate or expand such efforts – may require that adaptation planning is framed to capitalize on their motivation to protect assets and reduce vulnerability. AU - Hughes, Sara DA - 12// DO - 10.1016/j.uclim.2015.06.003 KW - urban Adaptation climate change PY - 2015 SN - 2212-0955 SP - 17-29 ST - A meta-analysis of urban climate change adaptation planning in the U.S T2 - Urban Climate TI - A meta-analysis of urban climate change adaptation planning in the U.S VL - 14, Part 1 ID - 22752 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coral bleaching occurs when stressful conditions result in the expulsion of the algal partner from the coral. Before anthropogenic climate warming, such events were relatively rare, allowing for recovery of the reef between events. Hughes et al. looked at 100 reefs globally and found that the average interval between bleaching events is now less than half what it was before. Such narrow recovery windows do not allow for full recovery. Furthermore, warming events such as El Niño are warmer than previously, as are general ocean conditions. Such changes are likely to make it more and more difficult for reefs to recover between stressful events.Science, this issue p. 80Tropical reef systems are transitioning to a new era in which the interval between recurrent bouts of coral bleaching is too short for a full recovery of mature assemblages. We analyzed bleaching records at 100 globally distributed reef locations from 1980 to 2016. The median return time between pairs of severe bleaching events has diminished steadily since 1980 and is now only 6 years. As global warming has progressed, tropical sea surface temperatures are warmer now during current La Niña conditions than they were during El Niño events three decades ago. Consequently, as we transition to the Anthropocene, coral bleaching is occurring more frequently in all El Niño–Southern Oscillation phases, increasing the likelihood of annual bleaching in the coming decades. AU - Hughes, Terry P. AU - Anderson, Kristen D. AU - Connolly, Sean R. AU - Heron, Scott F. AU - Kerry, James T. AU - Lough, Janice M. AU - Baird, Andrew H. AU - Baum, Julia K. AU - Berumen, Michael L. AU - Bridge, Tom C. AU - Claar, Danielle C. AU - Eakin, C. Mark AU - Gilmour, James P. AU - Graham, Nicholas A. J. AU - Harrison, Hugo AU - Hobbs, Jean-Paul A. AU - Hoey, Andrew S. AU - Hoogenboom, Mia AU - Lowe, Ryan J. AU - McCulloch, Malcolm T. AU - Pandolfi, John M. AU - Pratchett, Morgan AU - Schoepf, Verena AU - Torda, Gergely AU - Wilson, Shaun K. DO - 10.1126/science.aan8048 IS - 6371 PY - 2018 SP - 80-83 ST - Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene T2 - Science TI - Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene VL - 359 ID - 25503 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The diversity, frequency, and scale of human impacts on coral reefs are increasing to the extent that reefs are threatened globally. Projected increases in carbon dioxide and temperature over the next 50 years exceed the conditions under which coral reefs have flourished over the past half-million years. However, reefs will change rather than disappear entirely, with some species already showing far greater tolerance to climate change and coral bleaching than others. International integration of management strategies that support reef resilience need to be vigorously implemented, and complemented by strong policy decisions to reduce the rate of global warming. AU - Hughes, T. P. AU - Baird, A. H. AU - Bellwood, D. R. AU - Card, M. AU - Connolly, S. R. AU - Folke, C. AU - Grosberg, R. AU - Hoegh-Guldberg, O. AU - Jackson, J. B. C. AU - Kleypas, J. AU - Lough, J. M. AU - Marshall, P. AU - Nyström, M. AU - Palumbi, S. R. AU - Pandolfi, J. M. AU - Rosen, B. AU - Roughgarden, J. DO - 10.1126/science.1085046 IS - 5635 PY - 2003 SP - 929-933 ST - Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs T2 - Science TI - Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs VL - 301 ID - 24326 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hughes, Terry P. AU - Barnes, Michele L. AU - Bellwood, David R. AU - Cinner, Joshua E. AU - Cumming, Graeme S. AU - Jackson, Jeremy B. C. AU - Kleypas, Joanie AU - van de Leemput, Ingrid A. AU - Lough, Janice M. AU - Morrison, Tiffany H. AU - Palumbi, Stephen R. AU - van Nes, Egbert H. AU - Scheffer, Marten DA - 05/31/online DO - 10.1038/nature22901 PY - 2017 SP - 82-90 ST - Coral reefs in the Anthropocene T2 - Nature TI - Coral reefs in the Anthropocene VL - 546 ID - 24869 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During 2015-2016, record temperatures triggered a pan-tropical episode of coral bleaching, the third global-scale event since mass bleaching was first documented in the 1980s. Here we examine how and why the severity of recurrent major bleaching events has varied at multiple scales, using aerial and underwater surveys of Australian reefs combined with satellite-derived sea surface temperatures. The distinctive geographic footprints of recurrent bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998, 2002 and 2016 were determined by the spatial pattern of sea temperatures in each year. Water quality and fishing pressure had minimal effect on the unprecedented bleaching in 2016, suggesting that local protection of reefs affords little or no resistance to extreme heat. Similarly, past exposure to bleaching in 1998 and 2002 did not lessen the severity of bleaching in 2016. Consequently, immediate global action to curb future warming is essential to secure a future for coral reefs. AU - Hughes, Terry P. AU - Kerry, James T. AU - Álvarez-Noriega, Mariana AU - Álvarez-Romero, Jorge G. AU - Anderson, Kristen D. AU - Baird, Andrew H. AU - Babcock, Russell C. AU - Beger, Maria AU - Bellwood, David R. AU - Berkelmans, Ray AU - Bridge, Tom C. AU - Butler, Ian R. AU - Byrne, Maria AU - Cantin, Neal E. AU - Comeau, Steeve AU - Connolly, Sean R. AU - Cumming, Graeme S. AU - Dalton, Steven J. AU - Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo AU - Eakin, C. Mark AU - Figueira, Will F. AU - Gilmour, James P. AU - Harrison, Hugo B. AU - Heron, Scott F. AU - Hoey, Andrew S. AU - Hobbs, Jean-Paul A. AU - Hoogenboom, Mia O. AU - Kennedy, Emma V. AU - Kuo, Chao-Yang AU - Lough, Janice M. AU - Lowe, Ryan J. AU - Liu, Gang AU - McCulloch, Malcolm T. AU - Malcolm, Hamish A. AU - McWilliam, Michael J. AU - Pandolfi, John M. AU - Pears, Rachel J. AU - Pratchett, Morgan S. AU - Schoepf, Verena AU - Simpson, Tristan AU - Skirving, William J. AU - Sommer, Brigitte AU - Torda, Gergely AU - Wachenfeld, David R. AU - Willis, Bette L. AU - Wilson, Shaun K. DA - 2017//03/15 DO - 10.1038/nature21707 DP - PubMed IS - 7645 KW - Temperature Animals global warming Conservation of Natural Resources Australia Anthozoa Chlorophyll Seawater LA - eng PY - 2017 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 373-377 ST - Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals T2 - Nature TI - Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals VL - 543 ID - 22453 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hunt, A. AU - Watkiss, P. DO - 10.1007/s10584-010-9975-6 IS - 1 KW - urban climate change Adaptation NCA3 PY - 2011 SP - 13-49 ST - Climate change impacts and adaptation in cities: A review of the literature T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change impacts and adaptation in cities: A review of the literature VL - 104 ID - 22753 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hunt, G.L., Jr. AU - Coyle, K.O. AU - Eisner, L.B. AU - Farley, E.V. AU - Heintz, R.A. AU - Mueter, F. AU - Napp, J.M. AU - Overland, J.E. AU - Ressler, P.H. AU - Salo, S. AU - Stabeno, P.J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsr036 IS - 6 PY - 2011 SN - 1054-3139, 1095-9289 SP - 1230-1243 ST - Climate impacts on eastern Bering Sea foodwebs: A synthesis of new data and an assessment of the Oscillating Control Hypothesis T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Climate impacts on eastern Bering Sea foodwebs: A synthesis of new data and an assessment of the Oscillating Control Hypothesis VL - 68 ID - 13840 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hunt, Len M. AU - Fenichel, Eli P. AU - Fulton, David C. AU - Mendelsohn, Robert AU - Smith, Jordan W. AU - Tunney, Tyler D. AU - Lynch, Abigail J. AU - Paukert, Craig P. AU - Whitney, James E. DA - 2016/07/02 DO - 10.1080/03632415.2016.1187015 IS - 7 PY - 2016 SN - 0363-2415 SP - 362-372 ST - Identifying alternate pathways for climate change to impact inland recreational fishers T2 - Fisheries TI - Identifying alternate pathways for climate change to impact inland recreational fishers VL - 41 ID - 21613 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Local communities throughout the world are experiencing extensive social, cultural, economic, environmental, and climatic changes. Rather than passively accepting the effects of such changes, many communities are responding in various ways to take advantage of opportunities and to minimize negative impacts. We review examples from 13 cases around the world to identify patterns in how communities have been able to respond to change. Communities are able to respond by making changes in the time and location of activities, by using different species, by developing or using new technologies, and by organizing themselves internally or in networks. The possible responses a community can make on its own constitute the autonomous response space. When communities work with others to respond, they are in the collaborative response space. These findings suggest that assessments concerning climate and other forms of change should include local responses as a foundation for policy recommendations, recognizing that both autonomous and collaborative responses can contribute to adaptation. Policies designed to achieve adaptation or sustainability should consider ways to expand the autonomous response space, thus freeing local initiative, while also making the collaborative response space more cooperative, thus providing support to communities rather than imposing limitations. AU - Huntington, Henry P. AU - Begossi, Alpina AU - Fox Gearheard, Shari AU - Kersey, Beth AU - Loring, Philip A. AU - Mustonen, Tero AU - Paudel, Prakash K. AU - Silvano, Renato A. M. AU - Vave, Ron C7 - 9 IS - 3 KW - climate change environmental change management policy response space social-ecological systems PY - 2017 SP - 9 ST - How small communities respond to environmental change: Patterns from tropical to polar ecosystems T2 - Ecology and Society TI - How small communities respond to environmental change: Patterns from tropical to polar ecosystems UR - https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol22/iss3/art9/ VL - 22 ID - 25824 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Huntington, Henry P. AU - Daniel, Raychelle AU - Hartsig, Andrew AU - Harun, Kevin AU - Heiman, Marilyn AU - Meehan, Rosa AU - Noongwook, George AU - Pearson, Leslie AU - Prior-Parks, Melissa AU - Robards, Martin AU - Stetson, George DA - 1// DO - 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.07.027 KW - Bering Strait Vessel traffic Marine mammals Seabirds Subsistence Mitigation PY - 2015 SN - 0308-597X SP - 119-127 ST - Vessels, risks, and rules: Planning for safe shipping in Bering Strait T2 - Marine Policy TI - Vessels, risks, and rules: Planning for safe shipping in Bering Strait VL - 51 ID - 22217 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Huntington, Henry P. AU - Eerkes-Medrano, Laura C4 - 75fcd9dc-f6c7-4bb2-afe3-a5ef9f7868d4 CY - Oslo, Norway PB - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program PY - 2017 SP - 11-38 ST - Stakeholder perspectives T2 - Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic: Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Region TI - Stakeholder perspectives ID - 22218 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Huntington, Henry P. AU - Quakenbush, Lori T. AU - Nelson, Mark DO - 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0198 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SP - 20160198 ST - Effects of changing sea ice on marine mammals and subsistence hunters in northern Alaska from traditional knowledge interviews T2 - Biology Letters TI - Effects of changing sea ice on marine mammals and subsistence hunters in northern Alaska from traditional knowledge interviews VL - 12 ID - 22219 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The ratio of snow to total precipitation (S/P) is a hydrologic indicator that is sensitive to climate variability and can be used to detect and monitor hydrologic responses to climatic change. Changes in S/P ratio over time could influence the magnitude and timing of spring runoff and recession to summer baseflow. The S/P ratio for 21 U.S. Historical Climatology Network sites in New England was examined. Eleven out of twenty-one sites in New England had significant decreasing annual S/P ratios from 1949 to 2000. Annual trends in S/P are predominantly a result of decreasing snowfall, and to a lesser extent, increasing rainfall. The most consistent trends were in northernmost New England where all four sites had decreasing ratios, and in the coastal and near-coastal areas where five out of eight sites had significantly decreasing ratios. The four sites in northernmost New England, which had the strongest and most coherent trends, showed an average decrease in annual S/P ratio from about 0.30 in 1949 to 0.23 in 2000. Trends in winter S/P ratio were less geographically consistent. Seven out of 21 sites had significantly decreasing winter S/P ratios. Most northern New England and coastal to near-coastal sites had statistically significant trends (p < 0.05) or weak, but not significant trends (p < 0.2). When trends in S/P were analyzed on a monthly basis for the northernmost sites, it was evident that decreasing S/P trends were significant for March and December only. Significant correlations were observed between winter S/P ratios in northern New England and the timing of spring runoff, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and the Pacific–North American (PNA) index. Significant correlations were observed between winter S/P ratios averaged for all of New England and the NAO and PNA. AU - Huntington, Thomas G. AU - Hodgkins, Glenn A. AU - Keim, Barry D. AU - Dudley, Robert W. DO - 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:citpop>2.0.co;2 IS - 13 PY - 2004 SP - 2626-2636 ST - Changes in the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow in New England (1949–2000) T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Changes in the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow in New England (1949–2000) VL - 17 ID - 21497 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Huong, H. T. L. AU - Pathirana, A. DO - 10.5194/hess-17-379-2013 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SN - 1607-7938 SP - 379-394 ST - Urbanization and climate change impacts on future urban flooding in Can Tho City, Vietnam T2 - Hydrology Earth System Sciences TI - Urbanization and climate change impacts on future urban flooding in Can Tho City, Vietnam VL - 17 ID - 25459 ER - TY - WEB AU - Hurburgh, Charles CY - Ames, IA PB - Iowa State University, Extension and Outreach PY - 2016 ST - Wet Weather Creates Challenges for Harvest TI - Wet Weather Creates Challenges for Harvest UR - https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/cropnews/2016/09/wet-weather-creates-challenges-harvest ID - 21257 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Hurd, Genna M. CY - Lawrence, KS PB - University of Kansas, Institute for Policy & Social Research PY - 2016 SP - 590 ST - Kansas Statistical Abstract 2015 TI - Kansas Statistical Abstract 2015 UR - http://www.ipsr.ku.edu/ksdata/ksah/KSA50.pdf ID - 25801 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hurst, Thomas P. AU - Fernandez, Elena R. AU - Mathis, Jeremy T. AU - Miller, Jessica A. AU - Stinson, Charlotte M. AU - Ahgeak, Ernestine F. DO - 10.3354/ab00483 IS - 3 PY - 2012 SP - 247-259 ST - Resiliency of juvenile walleye pollock to projected levels of ocean acidification T2 - Aquatic Biology TI - Resiliency of juvenile walleye pollock to projected levels of ocean acidification VL - 17 ID - 22220 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hurst, Thomas P. AU - Laurel, Benjamin J. AU - Mathis, Jeremy T. AU - Tobosa, Lauren R. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsv050 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 981-990 ST - Effects of elevated CO2 levels on eggs and larvae of a North Pacific flatfish T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Effects of elevated CO2 levels on eggs and larvae of a North Pacific flatfish VL - 73 ID - 22221 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hurteau, Matthew AU - North, Malcolm DO - 10.1890/080049 IS - 8 PY - 2009 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 409-414 ST - Fuel treatment effects on tree-based forest carbon storage and emissions under modeled wildfire scenarios T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Fuel treatment effects on tree-based forest carbon storage and emissions under modeled wildfire scenarios VL - 7 ID - 23785 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate projections for the southwestern US suggest a warmer, drier future and have the potential to impact forest carbon (C) sequestration and post-fire C recovery. Restoring forest structure and surface fire regimes initially decreases total ecosystem carbon (TEC), but can stabilize the remaining C by moderating wildfire behavior. Previous research has demonstrated that fire maintained forests can store more C over time than fire suppressed forests in the presence of wildfire. However, because the climate future is uncertain, I sought to determine the efficacy of forest management to moderate fire behavior and its effect on forest C dynamics under current and projected climate. I used the LANDIS-II model to simulate carbon dynamics under early (2010–2019), mid (2050–2059), and late (2090–2099) century climate projections for a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) dominated landscape in northern Arizona. I ran 100-year simulations with two different treatments (control, thin and burn) and a 1 in 50 chance of wildfire occurring. I found that control TEC had a consistent decline throughout the simulation period, regardless of climate. Thin and burn TEC increased following treatment implementation and showed more differentiation than the control in response to climate, with late-century climate having the lowest TEC. Treatment efficacy, as measured by mean fire severity, was not impacted by climate. Fire effects were evident in the cumulative net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for the different treatments. Over the simulation period, 32.8–48.9% of the control landscape was either C neutral or a C source to the atmosphere and greater than 90% of the thin and burn landscape was a moderate C sink. These results suggest that in southwestern ponderosa pine, restoring forest structure and surface fire regimes provides a reasonable hedge against the uncertainty of future climate change for maintaining the forest C sink. AU - Hurteau, Matthew D. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0169275 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - e0169275 ST - Quantifying the carbon balance of forest restoration and wildfire under projected climate in the fire-prone southwestern US T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Quantifying the carbon balance of forest restoration and wildfire under projected climate in the fire-prone southwestern US VL - 12 ID - 23678 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hurteau, Matthew D. AU - Bradford, John B. AU - Fulé, Peter Z. AU - Taylor, Alan H. AU - Martin, Katherine L. DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.007 PY - 2014 SN - 03781127 SP - 280-289 ST - Climate change, fire management, and ecological services in the southwestern US T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Climate change, fire management, and ecological services in the southwestern US VL - 327 ID - 22596 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hurteau, Matthew D. AU - Westerling, Anthony L. AU - Wiedinmyer, Christine AU - Bryant, Benjamin P. DA - 2014/02/18 DO - 10.1021/es4050133 IS - 4 PY - 2014 SN - 0013-936X SP - 2298-2304 ST - Projected effects of climate and development on California wildfire emissions through 2100 T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Projected effects of climate and development on California wildfire emissions through 2100 VL - 48 ID - 24260 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In preparation for the fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the international community is developing new advanced Earth System Models (ESMs) to assess the combined effects of human activities (e.g. land use and fossil fuel emissions) on the carbon-climate system. In addition, four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios of the future (2005–2100) are being provided by four Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) teams to be used as input to the ESMs for future carbon-climate projections (Moss et al. 2010). The diversity of approaches and requirements among IAMs and ESMs for tracking land-use change, along with the dependence of model projections on land-use history, presents a challenge for effectively passing data between these communities and for smoothly transitioning from the historical estimates to future projections. Here, a harmonized set of land-use scenarios are presented that smoothly connects historical reconstructions of land use with future projections, in the format required by ESMs. The land-use harmonization strategy estimates fractional land-use patterns and underlying land-use transitions annually for the time period 1500–2100 at 0.5° × 0.5° resolution. Inputs include new gridded historical maps of crop and pasture data from HYDE 3.1 for 1500–2005, updated estimates of historical national wood harvest and of shifting cultivation, and future information on crop, pasture, and wood harvest from the IAM implementations of the RCPs for the period 2005–2100. The computational method integrates these multiple data sources, while minimizing differences at the transition between the historical reconstruction ending conditions and IAM initial conditions, and working to preserve the future changes depicted by the IAMs at the grid cell level. This study for the first time harmonizes land-use history data together with future scenario information from multiple IAMs into a single consistent, spatially gridded, set of land-use change scenarios for studies of human impacts on the past, present, and future Earth system. AU - Hurtt, G. C. AU - Chini, L. P. AU - Frolking, S. AU - Betts, R. A. AU - Feddema, J. AU - Fischer, G. AU - Fisk, J. P. AU - Hibbard, K. AU - Houghton, R. A. AU - Janetos, A. AU - Jones, C. D. AU - Kindermann, G. AU - Kinoshita, T. AU - Klein Goldewijk, Kees AU - Riahi, K. AU - Shevliakova, E. AU - Smith, S. AU - Stehfest, E. AU - Thomson, A. AU - Thornton, P. AU - van Vuuren, D. P. AU - Wang, Y. P. DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0153-2 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2011 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 117 ST - Harmonization of land-use scenarios for the period 1500–2100: 600 years of global gridded annual land-use transitions, wood harvest, and resulting secondary lands T2 - Climatic Change TI - Harmonization of land-use scenarios for the period 1500–2100: 600 years of global gridded annual land-use transitions, wood harvest, and resulting secondary lands VL - 109 ID - 20998 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Atmospheric and ground-based methods agree on the presence of a carbon sink in the coterminous United States (the United States minus Alaska and Hawaii), and the primary causes for the sink recently have been identified. Projecting the future behavior of the sink is necessary for projecting future net emissions. Here we use two models, the Ecosystem Demography model and a second simpler empirically based model (Miami Land Use History), to estimate the spatio-temporal patterns of ecosystem carbon stocks and fluxes resulting from land-use changes and fire suppression from 1700 to 2100. Our results are compared with other historical reconstructions of ecosystem carbon fluxes and to a detailed carbon budget for the 1980s. Our projections indicate that the ecosystem recovery processes that are primarily responsible for the contemporary U.S. carbon sink will slow over the next century, resulting in a significant reduction of the sink. The projected rate of decrease depends strongly on scenarios of future land use and the long-term effectiveness of fire suppression. ED,Ecosystem Demography;Miami-LU,Miami Land Use History AU - Hurtt, G. C. AU - Pacala, S. W. AU - Moorcroft, P. R. AU - Caspersen, J. AU - Shevliakova, E. AU - Houghton, R. A. AU - Moore, B. DO - 10.1073/pnas.012249999 IS - 3 PY - 2002 SP - 1389-1394 ST - Projecting the future of the U.S. carbon sink T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Projecting the future of the U.S. carbon sink VL - 99 ID - 25159 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Huss, Matthias AU - Hock, Regine DO - 10.3389/feart.2015.00054 PY - 2015 SN - 2296-6463 SP - 54 ST - A new model for global glacier change and sea-level rise T2 - Frontiers in Earth Science TI - A new model for global glacier change and sea-level rise VL - 3 ID - 22222 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Water and energy are each recognized as indispensable inputs to modern economies. And, in recent years, driven by the three imperatives of security of supply, sustainability, and economic efficiency, the energy and water sectors have undergone rapid reform. However, it is when water and energy rely on each other that the most complex challenges are posed for policymakers. Despite the links and the urgency in both sectors for security of supply, in existing policy frameworks, energy and water policies are developed largely in isolation from one another—a degree of policy fragmentation that is seeing erroneous developments in both sectors. Examples of the trade-offs between energy and water security include: the proliferation of desalination plants and interbasin transfers to deal with water scarcity; extensive groundwater pumping for water supplies; first-generation biofuels; the proliferation of hydropower plants; decentralized water supply solutions such as rainwater tanks; and even some forms of modern irrigation techniques. Drawing on case studies from Australia, Europe, and the United States, this Special Issue attempts to develop a comprehensive understanding of the links between energy and water, to identify where better-integrated policy and management strategies and solutions are needed or available, and to understand where barriers exist to achieve that integration. In this paper we draw out some of the themes emerging from the Special Issue, and, particularly, where insights might be valuable for policymakers, practitioners, and scientists across the many relevant domains. AU - Hussey, Karen AU - Pittock, Jamie C7 - 31 DO - 10.5751/ES-04641-170131 IS - 1 KW - energy policy energy– water nexus integrated planning policy integration water policy PY - 2012 SP - 31 ST - The energy–water nexus: Managing the links between energy and water for a sustainable future T2 - Ecology and Society TI - The energy–water nexus: Managing the links between energy and water for a sustainable future VL - 17 ID - 23255 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hutley, Noel AU - Hartford-Davis, Sebastian CY - Syndey, Australia PB - The Centre for Policy Development and the Future Business Council PY - 2016 SP - 22 ST - Climate Change and Director's Duties TI - Climate Change and Director's Duties UR - http://cpd.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Legal-Opinion-on-Climate-Change-and-Directors-Duties.pdf ID - 25637 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Hutto, Sara V. AU - Higgason, Kelley D. AU - Kershner, Jessi M. AU - Reynier, Whitney A. AU - Gregg, Darrell S. CY - Silver Spring, MD NV - Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series ONMS-15-02 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries PY - 2015 SP - 475 ST - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the North-central California Coast and Ocean TI - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the North-central California Coast and Ocean UR - https://nmssanctuaries.blob.core.windows.net/sanctuaries-prod/media/archive/science/conservation/pdfs/vulnerability-assessment-gfnms.pdf ID - 23947 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hwang, Cheinway AU - Yang, Yuande AU - Kao, Ricky AU - Han, Jiancheng AU - Shum, C. K. AU - Galloway, Devin L. AU - Sneed, Michelle AU - Hung, Wei-Chia AU - Cheng, Yung-Sheng AU - Li, Fei DA - 06/21/online DO - 10.1038/srep28160 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 28160 ST - Time-varying land subsidence detected by radar altimetry: California, Taiwan and North China T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Time-varying land subsidence detected by radar altimetry: California, Taiwan and North China VL - 6 ID - 21429 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is projected to alter river flows and the magnitude/frequency characteristics of floods and droughts. Ecosystem-based adaptation highlights the interdependence of human and natural systems, and the potential to buffer the impacts of climate change by maintaining functioning ecosystems that continue to provide multiple societal benefits. Natural flood management (NFM), emphasising the restoration of innate hydrological pathways, provides important regulating services in relation to both runoff rates and water quality and is heralded as a potentially important climate change adaptation strategy. This paper draws together 25 NFM schemes, providing a meta-analysis of hydrological performance along with a wider consideration of their net (dis) benefits. Increasing woodland coverage, whilst positively linked to peak flow reduction (more pronounced for low magnitude events), biodiversity and carbon storage, can adversely impact other provisioning service – especially food production. Similarly, reversing historical land drainage operations appears to have mixed impacts on flood alleviation, carbon sequestration and water quality depending on landscape setting and local catchment characteristics. Wetlands and floodplain restoration strategies typically have fewer disbenefits and provide improvements for regulating and supporting services. It is concluded that future NFM proposals should be framed as ecosystem-based assessments, with trade-offs considered on a case-by-case basis.%U http://hr.iwaponline.com/content/ppiwahydrores/45/6/774.full.pdf AU - Iacob, Oana AU - Rowan, John S. AU - Brown, Iain AU - Ellis, Chris DO - 10.2166/nh.2014.184 IS - 6 PY - 2014 SP - 774-787 ST - Evaluating wider benefits of natural flood management strategies: An ecosystem-based adaptation perspective T2 - Hydrology Research TI - Evaluating wider benefits of natural flood management strategies: An ecosystem-based adaptation perspective VL - 45 ID - 23191 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study investigates the variability of clouds, primarily marine stratus clouds, and how they are associated with surface temperature anomalies over California, especially along the coastal margin. We focus on the summer months of June to September when marine stratus are the dominant cloud type. Data used include satellite cloud reflectivity (cloud albedo) measurements, hourly surface observations of cloud cover and air temperature at coastal airports, and observed values of daily surface temperature at stations throughout California and Nevada. Much of the anomalous variability of summer clouds is organized over regional patterns that affect considerable portions of the coast, often extend hundreds of kilometers to the west and southwest over the North Pacific, and are bounded to the east by coastal mountains. The occurrence of marine stratus is positively correlated with both the strength and height of the thermal inversion that caps the marine boundary layer, with inversion base height being a key factor in determining their inland penetration. Cloud cover is strongly associated with surface temperature variations. In general, increased presence of cloud (higher cloud albedo) produces cooler daytime temperatures and warmer nighttime temperatures. Summer daytime temperature fluctuations associated with cloud cover variations typically exceed 1°C. The inversion-cloud albedo-temperature associations that occur at daily timescales are also found at seasonal timescales. AU - Iacobellis, Sam F. AU - Cayan, Daniel R. DO - 10.1002/jgrd.50652 IS - 16 PY - 2013 SP - 9105-9122 ST - The variability of California summertime marine stratus: Impacts on surface air temperatures T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres TI - The variability of California summertime marine stratus: Impacts on surface air temperatures VL - 118 ID - 26366 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ianelli, James AU - Holsman, Kirstin K. AU - Punt, André E. AU - Aydin, Kerim DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.04.002 KW - Model averaging Model ensemble Multi-species model Stock assessment Fisheries USA Alaska Bering Sea Groundfish Predator prey Climate change Biological reference points Walleye Pollock Pacific cod Arrowtooth flounder PY - 2016 SN - 0967-0645 SP - 379-389 ST - Multi-model inference for incorporating trophic and climate uncertainty into stock assessments T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography TI - Multi-model inference for incorporating trophic and climate uncertainty into stock assessments VL - 134 ID - 22223 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ianelli, J.N. AU - Hollowed, A.B. AU - Haynie, A.C. AU - Mueter, F.J. AU - Bond, N.A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsr010 IS - 6 PY - 2011 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 1297-1304 ST - Evaluating management strategies for eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in a changing environment T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil TI - Evaluating management strategies for eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in a changing environment VL - 68 ID - 13853 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Group, Immediate Action Working AU - IAWG CY - Juneau, AK PB - Immediate Action Working Group (IAWG) PY - 2009 SP - 162 ST - Recommendations to the Governor’s Subcabinet on Climate Change TI - Recommendations to the Governor’s Subcabinet on Climate Change UR - http://climatechange.alaska.gov/docs/iaw_finalrpt_12mar09.pdf ID - 22224 ER - TY - WEB AU - IBM KW - added by ERG PB - IBM PY - 2017 ST - Smarter Cities Challenge: The Challenge TI - Smarter Cities Challenge: The Challenge UR - https://www.smartercitieschallenge.org/about ID - 23106 ER - TY - RPRT AU - IBWC CY - Coronado, CA PB - International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) [United States and Mexico] PY - 2012 SP - 19 ST - Minute 319: Interim International Cooperative Measures in the Colorado River Basin through 2017 and Extension of Minute 318 Cooperative Measures to Address the Continued Effects of the April 2010 Earthquake in the Mexicali Valley, Baja California TI - Minute 319: Interim International Cooperative Measures in the Colorado River Basin through 2017 and Extension of Minute 318 Cooperative Measures to Address the Continued Effects of the April 2010 Earthquake in the Mexicali Valley, Baja California UR - https://www.ibwc.gov/Files/Minutes/Minute_319.pdf ID - 23943 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ICC-Alaska PB - Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC) – Alaska PY - 2015 SP - 116 ST - Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework: How to Assess the Arctic from an Inuit Perspective TI - Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework: How to Assess the Arctic from an Inuit Perspective UR - http://iccalaska.org/wp-icc/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Food-Security-Full-Technical-Report.pdf ID - 24979 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Non-communicable diseases (NCD) have been identified as a health emergency in the US-affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI). This assessment, funded by the National Institutes of Health, was conducted in the Republic of Palau and describes the burden due to selected NCD (diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, stroke, chronic kidney disease); and assesses the system of service capacity and current activities for service delivery, data collection, and reporting as well as identifying the issues that need to be addressed. There has been a 7.1% increase in the population between 2000 and 2010. Significant shifts in the age groups show declines among children and young adults under 34 years of age and increases among adult residents over 45 years of age. Findings reveal that the risk factors of poor diet, lack of physical activity, and lifestyle behaviors are associated with overweight and obesity and subsequent NCD that play a significant role in the morbidity and mortality of the population. The leading causes of death include heart disease and cancer. A 2003 community household survey was conducted and 22.4% of them reported a history of diabetes in the household. A survey among Ministry of Health employees showed that 44% of the men and 47% of the women were overweight and 46% of the men and 42% of the women were obese. Other findings show significant gaps in the system of administrative, clinical, and support services to address these NCD. Priority issues and needs for the administrative and clinical systems were identified. AU - Ichiho, Henry M. AU - Demei, Yorah AU - Kuartei, Stevenson AU - Aitaoto, Nia DA - 2013/05// DP - PubMed Central IS - 5 Suppl 1 PY - 2013 SN - 2165-8218 SP - 98-105 ST - An assessment of non-communicable diseases, diabetes, and related risk factors in the Republic of Palau: A systems perspective T2 - Hawaiʻi Journal of Medicine & Public Health TI - An assessment of non-communicable diseases, diabetes, and related risk factors in the Republic of Palau: A systems perspective UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3689453/ VL - 72 ID - 22454 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Idaho DEQ CY - Boise, ID PB - State of Idaho Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) PY - 2013 SP - 275 ST - Request for EPA Concurrence as Exceptional Events for 2012 Wildfire Impacts on PM2.5 Monitor Values at Salmon and Pinehurst Idaho TI - Request for EPA Concurrence as Exceptional Events for 2012 Wildfire Impacts on PM2.5 Monitor Values at Salmon and Pinehurst Idaho UR - http://www.deq.idaho.gov/media/1187/exceptional-events-request-pinehurst-salmon-final.pdf ID - 26539 ER - TY - WEB AU - Idaho Foodbank CY - Boise, ID PB - Idaho Foodbank PY - 2017 ST - Idaho Hunger Statistics—Updated May 4, 2017 TI - Idaho Hunger Statistics—Updated May 4, 2017 UR - https://idahofoodbank.org/about/food-insecurity-in-idaho/ ID - 24768 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ide, Tobias C7 - e456 DO - 10.1002/wcc.456 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SN - 1757-7799 SP - e456-n/a ST - Research methods for exploring the links between climate change and conflict T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change TI - Research methods for exploring the links between climate change and conflict VL - 8 ID - 22070 ER - TY - PRESS AU - IEA DA - March 16 PB - International Energy Agency PY - 2016 ST - Decoupling of global emissions and economic growth confirmed TI - Decoupling of global emissions and economic growth confirmed UR - https://www.iea.org/newsroomandevents/pressreleases/2016/march/decoupling-of-global-emissions-and-economic-growth-confirmed.html ID - 20128 ER - TY - RPRT AU - IHS CY - Rockville, MD PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Indian Health Service (IHS) PY - 2015 SP - 49 ST - Public Law 86-121: 2015 Sanitation Facilities Construction Annual Report TI - Public Law 86-121: 2015 Sanitation Facilities Construction Annual Report UR - https://www.ihs.gov/dsfc/includes/themes/responsive2017/display_objects/documents/reports/SFCAnnualReport2015.pdf ID - 21672 ER - TY - RPRT AU - IJC CY - Washington, DC, and Ottowa, ON N1 - ISBN: 978-1-927336-07-6 PB - International Joint Commission (IJC) PY - 2014 RP - ISBN: 978-1-927336-07-6 SP - 96 ST - A Balanced Diet for Lake Erie: Reducing Phosphorus Loadings and Harmful Algal Blooms TI - A Balanced Diet for Lake Erie: Reducing Phosphorus Loadings and Harmful Algal Blooms UR - http://www.ijc.org/files/publications/2014%20IJC%20LEEP%20REPORT.pdf ID - 25561 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The fragility of a single-source, geographically concentrated supply of natural rubber, a critical material of the modern economy, has brought guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) to the forefront as an alternative source of natural rubber. The improvement of guayule for commercial-scale production has been limited by the lack of genomic tools and well-characterized genetic resources required for genomics-assisted breeding. To address this issue, we developed nearly 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic markers and genotyped 69 accessions of guayule and its sister taxa mariola (Parthenium incanum Kunth), representing the entire available NALPGRU germplasm collection. We identified multiple interspecific hybrid accessions previously considered guayule, including six guayule-mariola hybrids and non-mariola interspecific hybrid accessions AZ-2 and AZ-3, two commonly used high-yielding cultivars. We dissected genetic diversity within the collection to identify a highly diverse subset of guayule accessions, and showed that wild guayule stands in Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA have the potential to provide hitherto untapped guayule genetic diversity. Together, these results provide the most thorough genetic characterization of guayule germplasm to date and lay the foundation for rapid genetic improvement of commercial guayule germplasm. AU - Ilut, Daniel C. AU - Sanchez, Paul L. AU - Coffelt, Terry A. AU - Dyer, John M. AU - Jenks, Matthew A. AU - Gore, Michael A. DO - 10.1101/147256 PY - 2017 ST - A century of guayule: Comprehensive genetic characterization of the guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) USDA germplasm collection T2 - bioRxiv TI - A century of guayule: Comprehensive genetic characterization of the guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) USDA germplasm collection ID - 25560 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment (INCCA) CY - New Delhi, India PB - Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change PY - 2010 SN - INCCA Report #2 SP - 160 ST - Climate Change and India: A 4x4 Assessment. A Sectoral and Regional Analysis for 2030s TI - Climate Change and India: A 4x4 Assessment. A Sectoral and Regional Analysis for 2030s UR - http://www.moef.nic.in/division/indian-network-climate-change-assessment ID - 26008 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Inkley, Doug AU - Price, Mary AU - Glick, Patty AU - Losoff, Tara AU - Stein, Bruce CY - Washington, DC PB - National Wildlife Federation PY - 2013 SP - 33 ST - Nowhere to Run: Big Game Wildlife in a Warming World TI - Nowhere to Run: Big Game Wildlife in a Warming World UR - https://www.nwf.org/~/media/PDFs/Global-Warming/Reports/NowheretoRun-BigGameWildlife-LowResFinal_110613.ashx ID - 24769 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Insel, Thomas R. DO - 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08030366 IS - 6 PY - 2008 SP - 663-665 ST - Assessing the economic costs of serious mental illness T2 - American Journal of Psychiatry TI - Assessing the economic costs of serious mental illness VL - 165 ID - 25946 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Insley, Margaret AU - Lei, Manie IS - 3 PY - 2007 SP - 492-514 ST - Hedges and trees: Incorporating fire risk into optimal decisions in forestry using a no-arbitrage approach T2 - Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics TI - Hedges and trees: Incorporating fire risk into optimal decisions in forestry using a no-arbitrage approach UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/40982693 VL - 32 ID - 24717 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Today our emergency care system faces an epidemic of crowded emergency departments, patients boarding in hallways waiting to be admitted, and daily ambulance diversions. Hospital-Based Emergency Care addresses the difficulty of balancing the roles of hospital-based emergency and trauma care, not simply urgent and lifesaving care, but also safety net care for uninsured patients, public health surveillance, disaster preparation, and adjunct care in the face of increasing patient volume and limited resources. This new book considers the multiple aspects to the emergency care system in the United States by exploring its strengths, limitations, and future challenges. The wide range of issues covered includes: &#8226 The role and impact of the emergency department within the larger hospital and health care system. &#8226 Patient flow and information technology. &#8226 Workforce issues across multiple disciplines. &#8226 Patient safety and the quality and efficiency of emergency care services. &#8226 Basic, clinical, and health services research relevant to emergency care. &#8226 Special challenges of emergency care in rural settings. Hospital-Based Emergency Care is one of three books in the Future of Emergency Care series. This book will be of particular interest to emergency care providers, professional organizations, and policy makers looking to address the deficiencies in emergency care systems. AU - Institute of Medicine C4 - 3c69fb3a-7bcd-4acb-93a2-5dbf687d8491 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/11621 KW - Health and Medicine LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2007 SN - 978-0-309-10173-8 SP - 424 ST - Hospital-Based Emergency Care: At the Breaking Point TI - Hospital-Based Emergency Care: At the Breaking Point ID - 24718 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Altevogt, Bruce M. A2 - Stroud, Clare A2 - Nadig, Lori A2 - Hougan, Matthew AB - During natural disasters, disease pandemics, terrorist attacks, and other public health emergencies, the health system must be prepared to accommodate a surge in the number of individuals seeking medical help. For the health community, a primary concern is how to provide care to individuals during such high demand, when the health system's resources are exhausted and there are more patients than the system can accommodate. The IOM's Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events held a workshop June 10-11, 2009, to assess the capability of and tools available to federal, state, and local governments to respond to a medical surge. In addition, participants discussed strategies for the public and private sectors to improve preparedness for such a surge. The workshop brought together leaders in the medical and public health preparedness fields, including policy makers from federal agencies and state and local public health departments; providers from the health care community; and health care and hospital administrators. This document summarizes the workshop. AU - Institute of Medicine C4 - 4774f70f-d9c5-43a7-9561-ef771165e5b9 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/12798 KW - Health and Medicine LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2010 SN - 978-0-309-14674-6 SP - 176 ST - Medical Surge Capacity: Workshop Summary TI - Medical Surge Capacity: Workshop Summary ID - 24719 ER - TY - WEB AU - International Finance Corporation CY - Washington, DC PB - World Bank PY - n.d. ST - Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability [web site] TI - Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability [web site] UR - https://www.ifc.org/performancestandards ID - 26152 ER - TY - RPRT AU - International Joint Commission C6 - NCA CY - Ottawa, ON KW - Climate change PB - International Upper Great Lakes Study Board PY - 2012 SP - 236 ST - Lake Superior Regulation: Addressing Uncertainty in Upper Great Lakes Water Levels. Final Report to the International Joint Commission TI - Lake Superior Regulation: Addressing Uncertainty in Upper Great Lakes Water Levels. Final Report to the International Joint Commission UR - http://www.ijc.org/files/publications/Lake_Superior_Regulation_Full_Report.pdf ID - 13900 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Invasive Species Advisory Committee CY - Washington, DC PB - National Invasive Species Council Secretariat PY - 2017 SP - 6 ST - Managed Relocation: Reducing the Risk of Biological Invasion TI - Managed Relocation: Reducing the Risk of Biological Invasion UR - https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/isac_managed_relocation_white_paper.pdf ID - 26166 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Investor Group on Climate Change CY - New South Wales, Australia PB - Investor Group on Climate Change PY - 2017 SP - 40 ST - Transparency in Transition: A Guide to Investor Disclosure on Climate Change TI - Transparency in Transition: A Guide to Investor Disclosure on Climate Change UR - https://igcc.org.au/transparency-transition-guide-investor-disclosure-climate-change/ ID - 25639 ER - TY - BOOK AU - IOM C4 - c2e46e42-7cb9-4bb0-91df-c676943cd62a CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/13115 PB - Institute of Medicine. The National Academies Press PY - 2011 RN - http://www.nap.edu/catalog/13115/climate-change-the-indoor-environment-and-health SP - 286 ST - Climate Change, the Indoor Environment, and Health TI - Climate Change, the Indoor Environment, and Health ID - 13875 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Potts, Simon G. A2 - Imperatriz-Fonseca, Vera A2 - Ngo, Hien T. AU - IPBES CY - Bonn, Germany N1 - ISBN: 978-92-807-3567-3 PB - Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) PY - 2017 RP - ISBN: 978-92-807-3567-3 SP - 502 ST - The Assessment Report on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production TI - The Assessment Report on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production UR - https://www.ipbes.net/sites/default/files/downloads/pdf/individual_chapters_pollination_20170305.pdf ID - 26577 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Nakicenovic, N. A2 - Swart , R. AU - IPCC C6 - NCA CY - Cambridge, UK PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2000 RN - 0 521 80081 1 SP - 570 ST - Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change UR - http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/emission/index.php?idp=0 ID - 13879 ER - TY - BOOK A3 - Solomon, S. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Manning, M. A2 - Chen, Z. A2 - Marquis, M. A2 - Averyt, K.B. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Miller, H.L. AU - IPCC C4 - c54b9473-cdc3-4f22-97a8-4df5253f9682 CY - Cambridge, U.K, New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2007 SN - 978 0521 88009-1 SP - 996 ST - Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change UR - http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_fourth_assessment_report_wg1_report_the_physical_science_basis.htm ID - 13884 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Parry, M.L. A2 - Canziani, O. F. A2 - Palutikof, J. P. A2 - van der Linden, P.J. A2 - Hanson, C.E. AU - IPCC C6 - NCA CY - Cambridge, UK PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2007 RN - 978 0521 88010-7 SP - 976 ST - Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change UR - https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4_wg2_full_report.pdf ID - 13885 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Field, C.B. A2 - Barros, V. A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Ebi, K.L. A2 - Mastrandrea, M.D. A2 - Mach, K.J. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - IPCC C6 - NCA CY - Cambridge, UK and New York, NY PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2012 SP - 582 ST - Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change UR - https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srex/SREX_Full_Report.pdf ID - 13887 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C.B. A2 - Barros, V. A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Ebi, K.L. A2 - Mastrandrea, M.D. A2 - Mach, K.J. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - IPCC C4 - 6f706345-bb81-4659-911c-60143ba5007a CY - Cambridge, UK and New York, NY PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2012 SP - 3-21 ST - Summary for policymakers T2 - Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Summary for policymakers UR - http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srex/SREX_FD_SPM_final.pdf ID - 21066 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - IPCC C4 - f03117be-ccfe-4f88-b70a-ffd4351b8190 CY - Cambridge, UK and New York, NY PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 RN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 1535 ST - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/ ID - 16456 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. A3 - van Oldenborgh, G.J. A2 - Collins, M. A2 - Arblaster, J. A2 - Christensen, J.H. A2 - Marotzke, J. A2 - Power, S.B. A2 - Rummukainen, M. A2 - Zhou, T. AU - IPCC C4 - 1fca63fb-3033-445e-99ba-1136da451058 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA DO - 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.029 PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 SE - AI SN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 1311–1394 ST - Annex I: Atlas of global and regional climate projections T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Annex I: Atlas of global and regional climate projections UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org ID - 16458 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Field, C.B. A2 - Barros, V.R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K.J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M.D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K.L. A2 - Estrada, Y.O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - IPCC CY - Cambridge, UK and New York, NY PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SP - 1132 ST - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change UR - http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ ID - 17681 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Barros, V.R. A2 - Field, C.B. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M.D. A2 - Mach, K.J. A2 - Bilir, T.E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K.L. A2 - Estrada, Y.O. A2 - Genova, R.C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E.S. A2 - Levy, A.N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P.R. A2 - White, L.L. AU - IPCC C4 - b94c8eb0-76df-4ad1-a9b8-ed5975646652 CY - Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SP - 688 ST - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Working Group II Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Working Group II Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change UR - http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ ID - 17682 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Pachauri, R.K. A2 - Meyer, L.A. AU - IPCC CY - Geneva, Switzerland PB - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) PY - 2014 SP - 151 ST - Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change UR - http://ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ ID - 22102 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Core Writing Team A2 - Pachauri, R.K. A2 - Meyer, L.A. AU - IPCC C4 - c9d08967-b28b-4297-8756-1a50f2d27598 CY - Geneva PB - IPCC PY - 2014 SP - 117-130 ST - Annex II: Glossary [Mach, K.J., S. Planton and C. von Stechow (eds.)] T2 - Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Annex II: Glossary [Mach, K.J., S. Planton and C. von Stechow (eds.)] UR - https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_Glossary.pdf ID - 25223 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Edenhofer, O. A2 - Pichs-Madruga, R. A2 - Sokona, Y. A2 - Farahani, E. A2 - Kadner, S. A2 - Seyboth, K. A2 - Adler, A. A2 - Baum, I. A2 - Brunner, S. A2 - Eickemeier, P. A2 - Kriemann, B. A2 - Savolainen, J. A2 - Schlömer, S. A2 - Stechow, C. von A2 - Zwickel, T. A2 - Minx, J.C. AU - IPCC C4 - f76e2431-d3bd-4dca-af4a-1b349f3100a4 CY - Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SN - 978-1-107-05821-7 978-1-107-65481-5 SP - 1435 ST - Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change UR - http://ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/ ID - 26369 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Core Writing Team A2 - Pachauri, R.K. A2 - Meyer, L.A. AU - IPCC CY - Geneva, Switzerland PY - 2014 SP - 151 ST - Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change UR - https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ ID - 26457 ER - TY - RPRT AU - IRENA CY - Bonn, Germany N1 - ISBN: 9789295111974 (PDF) PB - International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) PY - 2016 RP - ISBN: 9789295111974 (PDF) SP - 108 ST - The Power to Change: Solar and Wind Cost Reduction Potential to 2025 TI - The Power to Change: Solar and Wind Cost Reduction Potential to 2025 UR - http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA_Power_to_Change_2016.pdf ID - 21371 ER - TY - JOUR AB -. Maximizing the net benefits of irrigated plant production through appropriately designed agricultural water management programs is of growing importance in Nebraska, and other western and Midwestern states, because many areas are involved in management and policy changes to conserve irrigation water. In Nebraska, farmers are being challenged to practice conservation methods and use water resources more efficiently while meeting plant water requirements and maintaining high yields. Another challenge Nebraska experiences in it's approximately 3.5-million-ha irrigated lands is limited adoption of newer technologies/tools to help farmers better manage irrigation, conserve water and energy, and increase plant water use efficiency. In 2005, the Nebraska Agricultural Water Management Demonstration Network (NAWMDN or Network) was formed from an interdisciplinary team of partners including the Natural Resources Districts (NRD); USDA-NRCS; farmers from south central, northeast, west central, and western Nebraska; crop consultants; and University of Nebraska-Lincoln faculty. The main goal of the Network is to enable the transfer of high quality research-based information to Nebraskans through a series of demonstration projects established in farmers' fields and implement newer tools and technologies to address and enhance plant water use efficiency, water conservation, and reduce energy consumption for irrigation. The demonstration projects are supported by the scientifically-based field research and evaluation projects conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, South Central Agricultural Laboratory located near Clay Center, Nebraska. The Network was formed with only 15 farmers as collaborators in only one of the 23 NRDs in 2005. As of late 2009, the number of active collaborators has increased to over 300 in 12 NRDs and 35 of 93 counties. The Network is impacting both water and energy conservation due to farmers adopting information and newer technologies for irrigation management. The NAWMDN is helping participants to improve irrigation management and efficiency by monitoring plant growth stages and development, soil moisture, and crop evapotranspiration. As a result, they are reducing irrigation water application amounts and associated energy savings is leading to greater profitability to participating farmers. For example, surveys of 300 NAWMDN participants in 2008 estimated water conservation at an average of 66 mm for maize and 55 mm for soybean on 114,000 ha (58,000 ha of maize and about 56,000 ha of soybean). With 2008 diesel fuel prices, this water conservation was an equivalent of $2,814,000 and $2,270,000 for maize and soybean, respectively, in energy costs saved for the land area represented. Since the beginning of the NAWMDN, over 8,650 producers, crop consultants, and agricultural industry personnel have been reached and educated at over 231 meetings. This article describes the goals and objectives of the Network, technical and educational components, operational functions, and procedures used in the NAWMDN. The quantitative impacts in terms of water and energy conservation are reported. AU - Irmak, Suat AU - Rees, Jennifer M. AU - Zoubek, Gary L. AU - van DeWalle, Brandy S. AU - Rathje, William R. AU - DeBuhr, Rodney AU - Leininger, Dan AU - Siekman, Darrel D. AU - Schneider, James W. AU - Christiansen, Andrew P. DO - 10.13031/2013.32066 IS - 4 KW - Water conservation Irrigation management Reference evapotranspiration Crop evapotranspiration Soil moisture PY - 2010 SN - 0883-8542 SP - 599-613 ST - Nebraska Agricultural Water Management Demonstration Network (NAWMDN): Integrating research and extension/outreach T2 - Applied Engineering in Agriculture TI - Nebraska Agricultural Water Management Demonstration Network (NAWMDN): Integrating research and extension/outreach VL - 26 ID - 23538 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We evaluate genetic test plantations of North American Douglas‐fir provenances in Europe to quantify how tree populations respond when subjected to climate regime shifts, and we examined whether bioclimate envelope models developed for North America to guide assisted migration under climate change can retrospectively predict the success of these provenance transfers to Europe. The meta‐analysis is based on long‐term growth data of 2800 provenances transferred to 120 European test sites. The model was generally well suited to predict the best performing provenances along north–south gradients in Western Europe, but failed to predict superior performance of coastal North American populations under continental climate conditions in Eastern Europe. However, model projections appear appropriate when considering additional information regarding adaptation of Douglas‐fir provenances to withstand frost and drought, even though the model partially fails in a validation against growth traits alone. We conclude by applying the partially validated model to climate change scenarios for Europe, demonstrating that climate trends observed over the last three decades warrant changes to current use of Douglas‐fir provenances in plantation forestry throughout Western and Central Europe. AU - Isaac‐Renton, Miriam G. AU - Roberts, David R. AU - Hamann, Andreas AU - Spiecker, Heinrich DO - 10.1111/gcb.12604 IS - 8 PY - 2014 SP - 2607-2617 ST - Douglas‐fir plantations in Europe: A retrospective test of assisted migration to address climate change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Douglas‐fir plantations in Europe: A retrospective test of assisted migration to address climate change VL - 20 ID - 25719 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Large rivers constitute small portions of drainage networks but provide important migratory habitats and fisheries for salmon and trout when and where temperatures are sufficiently cold. Management and conservation of coldwater fishes in the current era of rapid climate change require knowing how riverine thermal environments are evolving and the potential for detrimental biological impacts. Robust estimates of warming rates, however, are lacking due to limited long‐term temperature monitoring, so we compiled the best available multidecadal records and estimated trends at 391 sites in the 56,500‐km river network of the northwestern USA. Warming trends were prevalent during summer and early fall months in recent 20‐ and 40‐year periods (0.18–0.35°C per decade during 1996–2015 and 0.14–0.27°C per decade during 1976–2015), paralleled air temperature trends, and were mediated by discharge trends at regional and local levels. To illustrate the biological consequences of warming later in this century, trend estimates were used to inform selection of river temperature scenarios and assess changes in thermal exposure of adult Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka migrating to four population areas as well as thermal habitat shifts for resident Brown Trout Salmo trutta and Rainbow Trout O. mykiss populations throughout the region. Future warming of 1–3°C would increase Sockeye Salmon exposure by 5–16% (3–143 degree‐days) and reduce thermally suitable riverine trout habitats by 8–31% while causing their upstream shift. Effects of those changes on population persistence and fisheries are likely to be context dependent, and strategic habitat restoration or adaptation strategies could ameliorate some biological impairments, but effectiveness will be tempered by the size of rivers, high costs, and pervasiveness of thermal effects. Most salmon and trout rivers will continue to provide suitable habitats for the foreseeable future, but it also appears inevitable that some river reaches will gradually become too warm to provide traditional habitats. AU - Isaak, Daniel J. AU - Luce, Charles H. AU - Horan, Dona L. AU - Chandler, Gwynne L. AU - Wollrab, Sherry P. AU - Nagel, David E. DO - 10.1002/tafs.10059 IS - 3 PY - 2018 SP - 566-587 ST - Global warming of salmon and trout rivers in the northwestern U.S.: Road to ruin or path through purgatory? T2 - Transactions of the American Fisheries Society TI - Global warming of salmon and trout rivers in the northwestern U.S.: Road to ruin or path through purgatory? VL - 147 ID - 25717 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Isaak, Daniel J. AU - Luce, Charles H. AU - Rieman, Bruce E. AU - Nagel, David E. AU - Peterson, Erin E. AU - Horan, Dona L. AU - Parkes, Sharon AU - Chandler, Gwynne L. DO - 10.1890/09-0822.1 IS - 5 KW - Boise River basin Idaho USA bull trout climate change global warming Oncorhynchus mykiss patch rainbow trout Salvelinus confluentus spatial statistical model stream temperature thermal habitat wildfire PY - 2010 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 1350-1371 ST - Effects of climate change and wildfire on stream temperatures and salmonid thermal habitat in a mountain river network T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Effects of climate change and wildfire on stream temperatures and salmonid thermal habitat in a mountain river network VL - 20 ID - 22028 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Isaak, D.J. AU - Wollrab, S. AU - Horan, D. AU - Chandler, G. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0326-z IS - 2 PY - 2012 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 499-524 ST - Climate change effects on stream and river temperatures across the northwest US from 1980–2009 and implications for salmonid fishes T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change effects on stream and river temperatures across the northwest US from 1980–2009 and implications for salmonid fishes VL - 113 ID - 13892 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The imminent demise of montane species is a recurrent theme in the climate change literature, particularly for aquatic species that are constrained to networks and elevational rather than latitudinal retreat as temperatures increase. Predictions of widespread species losses, however, have yet to be fulfilled despite decades of climate change, suggesting that trends are much weaker than anticipated and may be too subtle for detection given the widespread use of sparse water temperature datasets or imprecise surrogates like elevation and air temperature. Through application of large water-temperature databases evaluated for sensitivity to historical air-temperature variability and computationally interpolated to provide high-resolution thermal habitat information for a 222,000-km network, we estimate a less dire thermal plight for cold-water species within mountains of the northwestern United States. Stream warming rates and climate velocities were both relatively low for 1968–2011 (average warming rate = 0.101 °C/decade; median velocity = 1.07 km/decade) when air temperatures warmed at 0.21 °C/decade. Many cold-water vertebrate species occurred in a subset of the network characterized by low climate velocities, and three native species of conservation concern occurred in extremely cold, slow velocity environments (0.33–0.48 km/decade). Examination of aggressive warming scenarios indicated that although network climate velocities could increase, they remain low in headwaters because of strong local temperature gradients associated with topographic controls. Better information about changing hydrology and disturbance regimes is needed to complement these results, but rather than being climatic cul-de-sacs, many mountain streams appear poised to be redoubts for cold-water biodiversity this century. AU - Isaak, Daniel J. AU - Young, Michael K. AU - Luce, Charles H. AU - Hostetler, Steven W. AU - Wenger, Seth J. AU - Peterson, Erin E. AU - Ver Hoef, Jay M. AU - Groce, Matthew C. AU - Horan, Dona L. AU - Nagel, David E. DA - April 19, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1522429113 IS - 16 PY - 2016 SP - 4374-4379 ST - Slow climate velocities of mountain streams portend their role as refugia for cold-water biodiversity T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Slow climate velocities of mountain streams portend their role as refugia for cold-water biodiversity VL - 113 ID - 24657 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Isaak, Daniel J. AU - Young, Michael K. AU - Nagel, David E. AU - Horan, Dona L. AU - Groce, Matthew C. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12879 IS - 7 KW - bull trout climate change cutthroat trout invasive species refugia salmonid species distribution stream temperature PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2540-2553 ST - The cold-water climate shield: Delineating refugia for preserving salmonid fishes through the 21st century T2 - Global Change Biology TI - The cold-water climate shield: Delineating refugia for preserving salmonid fishes through the 21st century VL - 21 ID - 22029 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The distribution and future fate of ectothermic organisms in a warming world will be dictated by thermalscapes across landscapes. That is particularly true for stream fishes and cold‐water species like trout, salmon, and char that are already constrained to high elevations and latitudes. The extreme climates in those environments also preclude invasions by most non‐native species, so identifying especially cold habitats capable of absorbing future climate change while still supporting native populations would highlight important refugia. By coupling crowd‐sourced biological datasets with high‐resolution stream temperature scenarios, we delineate network refugia across >250 000 stream km in the Northern Rocky Mountains for two native salmonids—bull trout (BT) and cutthroat trout (CT). Under both moderate and extreme climate change scenarios, refugia with high probabilities of trout population occupancy (>0.9) were predicted to exist (33–68 BT refugia; 917–1425 CT refugia). Most refugia are on public lands (>90%) where few currently have protected status in National Parks or Wilderness Areas (<15%). Forecasts of refuge locations could enable protection of key watersheds and provide a foundation for climate smart planning of conservation networks. Using cold water as a ‘climate shield’ is generalizable to other species and geographic areas because it has a strong physiological basis, relies on nationally available geospatial data, and mines existing biological datasets. Importantly, the approach creates a framework to integrate data contributed by many individuals and resource agencies, and a process that strengthens the collaborative and social networks needed to preserve many cold‐water fish populations through the 21st century. AU - Isaak, Daniel J. AU - Young, Michael K. AU - Nagel, David E. AU - Horan, Dona L. AU - Groce, Matthew C. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12879 IS - 7 PY - 2015 SP - 2540-2553 ST - The cold‐water climate shield: Delineating refugia for preserving salmonid fishes through the 21st century T2 - Global Change Biology TI - The cold‐water climate shield: Delineating refugia for preserving salmonid fishes through the 21st century VL - 21 ID - 25718 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Extreme heat has been associated with increased mortality, particularly in temperate climates. Few epidemiologic studies have considered the Pacific Northwest region in their analyses. This study quantified the historical (May to September, 1980–2010) heat-mortality relationship in the most populous Pacific Northwest County, King County, Washington. A relative risk (RR) analysis was used to explore the relationship between heat and all-cause mortality on 99th percentile heat days, while a time series analysis, using a piece-wise linear model fit, was used to estimate the effect of heat intensity on mortality, adjusted for temporal trends. For all ages, all causes, we found a 10 % (1.10 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.06, 1.14)) increase in the risk of death on a heat day versus non-heat day. When considering the intensity effect of heat on all-cause mortality, we found a 1.69 % (95 % CI, 0.69, 2.70) increase in the risk of death per unit of humidex above 36.0 °C. Mortality stratified by cause and age produced statistically significant results using both types of analyses for: all-cause, non-traumatic, circulatory, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and diabetes causes of death. All-cause mortality was statistically significantly modified by the type of synoptic weather type. These results demonstrate that heat, expressed as humidex, is associated with increased mortality on heat days, and that risk increases with heat’s intensity. While age was the only individual-level characteristic found to modify mortality risks, statistically significant increases in diabetes-related mortality for the 45–64 age group suggests that underlying health status may contribute to these risks. AU - Isaksen, Tania Busch AU - Fenske, Richard A. AU - Hom, Elizabeth K. AU - Ren, You AU - Lyons, Hilary AU - Yost, Michael G. DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s00484-015-1007-9 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1432-1254 SP - 85-98 ST - Increased mortality associated with extreme-heat exposure in King County, Washington, 1980–2010 T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology TI - Increased mortality associated with extreme-heat exposure in King County, Washington, 1980–2010 VL - 60 ID - 24655 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Isaksen, Tania Busch AU - Yost Michael, G. AU - Hom Elizabeth, K. AU - Ren, You AU - Lyons, Hilary AU - Fenske Richard, A. DO - 10.1515/reveh-2014-0050 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SN - 21910308 SP - 51-64 ST - Increased hospital admissions associated with extreme-heat exposure in King County, Washington, 1990–2010 T2 - Reviews on Environmental Health TI - Increased hospital admissions associated with extreme-heat exposure in King County, Washington, 1990–2010 VL - 30 ID - 24656 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study assessed the health burden attributable to childhood underweight through 2050 focusing on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), by considering the latest scenarios for climate change studies (representative concentration pathways and shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs)) and conducting sensitivity analysis. A regression model for estimating DALYs attributable to childhood underweight (DAtU) was developed using the relationship between DAtU and childhood stunting. We combined a global computable general equilibrium model, a crop model, and two regression models to assess the future health burden. We found that (i) world total DAtU decreases from 2005 by 28 ∼ 63% in 2050 depending on the socioeconomic scenarios. Per capita DAtU also decreases in all regions under either scenario in 2050, but the decreases vary significantly by regions and scenarios. (ii) The impact of climate change is relatively small in the framework of this study but, on the other hand, socioeconomic conditions have a great impact on the future health burden. (iii) Parameter uncertainty of the regression models is the second largest factor on uncertainty of the result following the changes in socioeconomic condition, and uncertainty derived from the difference in global circulation models is the smallest in the framework of this study. AU - Ishida, Hiroyuki AU - Kobayashi, Shota AU - Kanae, Shinjiro AU - Hasegawa, Tomoko AU - Fujimori, Shinichiro AU - Shin, Yonghee AU - Takahashi, Kiyoshi AU - Masui, Toshihiko AU - Tanaka, Akemi AU - Honda, Yasushi DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/9/6/064014 IS - 6 PY - 2014 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 064014 ST - Global-scale projection and its sensitivity analysis of the health burden attributable to childhood undernutrition under the latest scenario framework for climate change research T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Global-scale projection and its sensitivity analysis of the health burden attributable to childhood undernutrition under the latest scenario framework for climate change research VL - 9 ID - 25324 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Island Press CY - Washington, DC and Troy, MI PB - Island Press and the Kresge Foundation PY - 2015 SP - 36 ST - Bounce Forward: Urban Resilience in the Era of Climate Change TI - Bounce Forward: Urban Resilience in the Era of Climate Change UR - https://kresge.org/sites/default/files/Bounce-Forward-Urban-Resilience-in-Era-of-Climate-Change-2015.pdf ID - 25323 ER - TY - WEB AU - Isle de Jean Charles Tribe CY - Isle de Jean Charles, LA M1 - October 17 PY - 2017 ST - Bienvenue, Aiokpanchi, Welcome to Isle de Jean Charles [web site] TI - Bienvenue, Aiokpanchi, Welcome to Isle de Jean Charles [web site] UR - http://www.isledejeancharles.com/ ID - 26343 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Issaka, Sakinatu AU - Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel DA - 2017/01/02 DO - 10.1080/24749508.2017.1301053 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - null SP - 1-11 ST - Impact of soil erosion and degradation on water quality: A review T2 - Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes TI - Impact of soil erosion and degradation on water quality: A review VL - 1 ID - 23539 ER - TY - WEB AU - ISU CY - Ames, IA PB - Iowa State University (ISU) PY - 2017 ST - Iowa Environmental Mesonet (IEM) TI - Iowa Environmental Mesonet (IEM) UR - https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/ ID - 21258 ER - TY - WEB AU - ISU CY - Ames, IA PB - Iowa State University (ISU) PY - 2018 ST - STRIPS (Science-based Trials of Rowcrops Integrated with Prairie Strips) Project [web site] TI - STRIPS (Science-based Trials of Rowcrops Integrated with Prairie Strips) Project [web site] UR - https://www.nrem.iastate.edu/research/STRIPS/ ID - 26578 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ITEP CY - Flagstaff, AZ PB - Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals (ITEP), Northern Arizona University PY - 2013 SP - 4 ST - Tribal Climate Change Profile. Fort McDowell Yavapai: Harnessing Solar Power for Energy Independence and Utilities Savings TI - Tribal Climate Change Profile. Fort McDowell Yavapai: Harnessing Solar Power for Energy Independence and Utilities Savings UR - http://www7.nau.edu/itep/main/tcc/docs/tribes/tribes_FtMcDYavapai.pdf ID - 23945 ER - TY - WEB AU - ITEP CY - Flagstaff, AZ PB - Northern Arizona University, Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals (ITEP) PY - 2017 ST - Tribes and Climate Change Program: Tribal Profiles TI - Tribes and Climate Change Program: Tribal Profiles UR - http://www7.nau.edu/Itep/Main/Tcc/Tribes/ ID - 21673 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ITEP CY - Flagstaff, AZ PB - Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals (ITEP), Northern Arizona University PY - [2012] SP - 2 ST - Climate Change and Invasive Species: What It Means to Tribes and How We Can Adapt TI - Climate Change and Invasive Species: What It Means to Tribes and How We Can Adapt UR - http://www7.nau.edu/itep/main/tcc/docs/resources/om_InvasiveSpeciesFactSheet_081512.pdf ID - 23946 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many types of tree pollen trigger seasonal allergic illness, but their population-level impacts on allergy and asthma morbidity are not well established, likely due to the paucity of long records of daily pollen data that allow analysis of multi-day effects. Our objective in this study was therefore to determine the impacts of individual spring tree pollen types on over-the-counter allergy medication sales and asthma emergency department (ED) visits. AU - Ito, Kazuhiko AU - Weinberger, Kate R. AU - Robinson, Guy S. AU - Sheffield, Perry E. AU - Lall, Ramona AU - Mathes, Robert AU - Ross, Zev AU - Kinney, Patrick L. AU - Matte, Thomas D. DA - August 27 DO - 10.1186/s12940-015-0057-0 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1476-069X SP - 71 ST - The associations between daily spring pollen counts, over-the-counter allergy medication sales, and asthma syndrome emergency department visits in New York City, 2002-2012 T2 - Environmental Health TI - The associations between daily spring pollen counts, over-the-counter allergy medication sales, and asthma syndrome emergency department visits in New York City, 2002-2012 VL - 14 ID - 21768 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) are especially sensitive to ocean deoxygenation due to the nonlinear dependence of their size on the oxygen inventory. Significant decadal variability has been observed in the extent and intensity of the tropical Pacific OMZ. Here we diagnose the physical and biogeochemical mechanisms behind the interannual and decadal variability of oxygen in the tropical Pacific thermocline using a three‐dimensional ocean biogeochemistry model that reproduces the expansion of the tropical Pacific OMZ since the 1980s. On interannual time scales, heat content and respiration rates are strongly influenced by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation cycles and the associated changes in upwelling. The resulting changes in solubility and apparent oxygen utilization tend to compensate one another, thus damping the magnitude of oxygen variability. Regional oxygen budget reveals the subtle balance between the lateral and vertical ocean circulation in controlling the physical oxygen supply to the eastern tropical Pacific. Spectral analysis shows that the tropical Pacific oxygen has a stronger variance in decadal time scales than its physical and biological drivers. Our results suggest that the physical oxygen supply and biological oxygen loss are integrated through the finite memory of thermocline waters to produce the multidecadal variability of OMZ. AU - Ito, Takamitsu AU - Deutsch, Curtis DO - 10.1002/2013GB004567 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SP - 1119-1128 ST - Variability of the oxygen minimum zone in the tropical North Pacific during the late twentieth century T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Variability of the oxygen minimum zone in the tropical North Pacific during the late twentieth century VL - 27 ID - 25504 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ito, Takamitsu AU - Minobe, Shoshiro AU - Long, Matthew C. AU - Deutsch, Curtis DO - 10.1002/2017GL073613 IS - 9 KW - climate change biogeochemical cycling marine chemistry global warming data analysis climate impacts 1615 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 1635 Oceans PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 4214-4223 ST - Upper ocean O2 trends: 1958–2015 T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Upper ocean O2 trends: 1958–2015 VL - 44 ID - 23787 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It is firmly established in the hydrologic literature that flooding depends on both antecedent watershed wetness and precipitation. One could phrase this relationship as “heavy precipitation does not necessarily lead to high stream discharge”, but rarely do studies directly affirm this statement. We have observed several non-hydrologists mistake trends in heavy precipitation as a proxy for trends in riverine flooding. If the relationship between heavy precipitation and high discharge was more often explicitly presented, heavy precipitation may less often be misinterpreted as a proxy for discharge. In this paper, we undertake such an analysis for 390 watersheds across the contiguous U.S. We found that 99th percentile precipitation only results in 99th percentage discharge 36 % of the time. However, when conditioned on soil moisture from the Variable Infiltration Capacity model, 62 % of 99th percentile precipitation results in 99th percentile discharge during wet periods and only 13 % during dry periods. When relating trends in heavy precipitation to hydrologic response, precipitation data should, therefore, be segregated based on concurrent soil moisture. Taking this approach for climate predictions, we found that CMIP-5 atmosphere–ocean global circulation model (AOGCM) simulations for a RCP 6.0 forcing project increases in concurrence of greater than median soil wetness and extreme precipitation in the northern United States and a decrease in the south, suggesting northern regions could see an increase in very high discharges while southern regions could see decreases despite both regions having an increase in extreme precipitation. While the actual outcome is speculative given the uncertainties of the AOGCM’s, such an analysis provides a more sophisticated framework from which to evaluate the output as well as historic climate data. AU - Ivancic, Timothy J. AU - Shaw, Stephen B. DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-015-1476-1 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 681-693 ST - Examining why trends in very heavy precipitation should not be mistaken for trends in very high river discharge T2 - Climatic Change TI - Examining why trends in very heavy precipitation should not be mistaken for trends in very high river discharge VL - 133 ID - 21767 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Iverson, L.R. AU - Prasad, A.M. AU - Matthews, S.N. AU - Peters, M. C6 - NCA DA - 2008 DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.023 IS - 3 KW - Climate Change; CV paper PY - 2008 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 390-406 ST - Estimating potential habitat for 134 eastern US tree species under six climate scenarios T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Estimating potential habitat for 134 eastern US tree species under six climate scenarios VL - 254 ID - 13903 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Species distribution models (SDM) establish statistical relationships between the current distribution of species and key attributes whereas process-based models simulate ecosystem and tree species dynamics based on representations of physical and biological processes. TreeAtlas, which uses DISTRIB SDM, and Linkages and LANDIS PRO, process-based ecosystem and landscape models, respectively, were used concurrently on four regional climate change assessments in the eastern Unites States. AU - Iverson, Louis R. AU - Thompson, Frank R. AU - Matthews, Stephen AU - Peters, Matthew AU - Prasad, Anantha AU - Dijak, William D. AU - Fraser, Jacob AU - Wang, Wen J. AU - Hanberry, Brice AU - He, Hong AU - Janowiak, Maria AU - Butler, Patricia AU - Brandt, Leslie AU - Swanston, Christopher DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s10980-016-0404-8 IS - 7 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1572-9761 SP - 1327-1346 ST - Multi-model comparison on the effects of climate change on tree species in the eastern U.S.: Results from an enhanced niche model and process-based ecosystem and landscape models T2 - Landscape Ecology TI - Multi-model comparison on the effects of climate change on tree species in the eastern U.S.: Results from an enhanced niche model and process-based ecosystem and landscape models VL - 32 ID - 21120 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Iverson, Peter C4 - 27e6d635-0b4c-4d4d-8bb4-773edd1377cf CY - Albuquerque, NM PB - University of New Mexico Press PY - 2002 SN - 978-0-8263-2715-4 SP - 432 ST - Diné: A History of the Navajos TI - Diné: A History of the Navajos ID - 23788 ER - TY - RPRT AU - IWGSCC CY - Washington, DC PB - Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon (IWGSCC) PY - 2010 SP - 50 ST - Technical Support Document: Social Cost of Carbon for Regulatory Impact Analysis Under Executive Order 12866 TI - Technical Support Document: Social Cost of Carbon for Regulatory Impact Analysis Under Executive Order 12866 UR - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-12/documents/scc_tsd_2010.pdf ID - 26143 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Izaurralde, R.C. AU - Thomson, A.M. AU - Morgan, J.A. AU - Fay, P.A. AU - Polley, H.W. AU - Hatfield, J.L. C6 - NCA DO - 10.2134/agronj2010.0304 IS - 2 PY - 2011 SN - 1435-0645 SP - 371-381 ST - Climate impacts on agriculture: Implications for forage and rangeland production T2 - Agronomy Journal TI - Climate impacts on agriculture: Implications for forage and rangeland production VL - 103 ID - 13908 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jabareen, Yosef DA - 2013/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.cities.2012.05.004 KW - Urban resilience Climate change Environmental risks Planning PY - 2013 SN - 0264-2751 SP - 220-229 ST - Planning the resilient city: Concepts and strategies for coping with climate change and environmental risk T2 - Cities TI - Planning the resilient city: Concepts and strategies for coping with climate change and environmental risk VL - 31 ID - 23078 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jackson, J.E. AU - Yost, M.G. AU - Karr, C. AU - Fitzpatrick, C. AU - Lamb, B.K. AU - Chung, S.H. AU - Chen, J. AU - Avise, J. AU - Rosenblatt, R.A. AU - Fenske, R.A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-010-9852-3 IS - 1-2 PY - 2010 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 159-186 ST - Public health impacts of climate change in Washington State: Projected mortality risks due to heat events and air pollution T2 - Climatic Change TI - Public health impacts of climate change in Washington State: Projected mortality risks due to heat events and air pollution VL - 102 ID - 13910 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jackson, Luke P. AU - Jevrejeva, Svetlana DA - 11// DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.10.006 KW - Sea-level projection Probability Uncertainty RCP scenarios Climate change PY - 2016 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 179-189 ST - A probabilistic approach to 21st century regional sea-level projections using RCP and High-end scenarios T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - A probabilistic approach to 21st century regional sea-level projections using RCP and High-end scenarios VL - 146 ID - 20772 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jackson, Robert B. AU - Canadell, Josep G. AU - Le Quere, Corinne AU - Andrew, Robbie M. AU - Korsbakken, Jan Ivar AU - Peters, Glen P. AU - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa DA - 01//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2892 IS - 1 M3 - Commentary PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 7-10 ST - Reaching peak emissions T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Reaching peak emissions VL - 6 ID - 20233 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jackson, Stephen T. AU - Overpeck, Jonathan T. DA - 2000/12/01 DO - 10.1666/0094-8373(2000)26[194:ROPPAC]2.0.CO;2 IS - sp4 PY - 2000 SN - 0094-8373 SP - 194-220 ST - Responses of plant populations and communities to environmental changes of the late Quaternary T2 - Paleobiology TI - Responses of plant populations and communities to environmental changes of the late Quaternary VL - 26 Y2 - 2018/01/12 ID - 24327 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jackson, Stephen T. AU - Webb, Robert S. AU - Anderson, Katharine H. AU - Overpeck, Jonathan T. AU - Webb III, Thompson AU - Williams, John W. AU - Hansen, Barbara C. S. DA - 2000/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00093-1 IS - 6 PY - 2000 SN - 0277-3791 SP - 489-508 ST - Vegetation and environment in Eastern North America during the Last Glacial Maximum T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews TI - Vegetation and environment in Eastern North America during the Last Glacial Maximum VL - 19 ID - 24328 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jacob, Daniel J. AU - Winner, Darrell A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.051 IS - 1 PY - 2009 RN - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231008008571 SN - 1352-2310 SP - 51-63 ST - Effect of climate change on air quality T2 - Atmospheric Environment TI - Effect of climate change on air quality VL - 43 ID - 13914 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Selmants, Paul C. A2 - Giardina, Christian P. A2 - Jacobi, James D. A2 - Zhu, Zhiliang AB - This assessment was conducted to fulfill the requirements of section 712 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and to improve understanding of factors influencing carbon balance in ecosystems of Hawai‘i. Ecosystem carbon storage, carbon fluxes, and carbon balance were examined for major terrestrial ecosystems on the seven main Hawaiian islands in two time periods: baseline (from 2007 through 2012) and future (projections from 2012 through 2061). The assessment incorporated observed data, remote sensing, statistical methods, and simulation models. The national assessment has been completed for the conterminous United States, using methodology described in SIR 2010-5233, with results provided in three regional reports (PP 1804, PP 1797, and PP 1897), and for Alaska, with results provided in PP 1826. AU - Jacobi, James D. AU - Price, Jonathan P. AU - Fortini, Lucas B. AU - Gon, Samuel M., III AU - Berkowitz, Paul C4 - 6d97a138-7d5d-4df5-aa37-452e57b87544 CY - Reston, VA DP - pubs.er.usgs.gov PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2017 SP - 9-20 ST - Baseline land cover SV - USGS Professional paper 1834 T2 - Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Carbon Fluxes in Ecosystems of Hawai‘i T3 - Professional Paper TI - Baseline land cover UR - http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1834 Y2 - 2017/09/23/02:36:30 ID - 22456 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jacobs, J. AU - Moore, S.K. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - Sun, L. DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2015.03.002 PY - 2015 SP - 16-27 ST - A framework for examining climate-driven changes to the seasonality and geographical range of coastal pathogens and harmful algae T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - A framework for examining climate-driven changes to the seasonality and geographical range of coastal pathogens and harmful algae VL - 8 ID - 18814 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tidal floods (i.e., “nuisance” flooding) are occurring more often during seasonal high tides or minor wind events, and the frequency is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades. During these flood events, coastal communities’ roads are often impassable or difficult to pass, thus impacting routine transport needs. This study identifies vulnerable roads and quantifies the risk from nuisance flooding in the Eastern United States by combining public road information from the Federal Highway Administration’s Highway Performance Monitoring System with flood frequency maps, tidal gauge historic observations, and future projections of annual minor tidal flood frequencies and durations. The results indicate that tidal nuisance flooding across the East Coast threatens 7508 miles (12,083 km) of roadways including over 400 miles (644 km) of interstate roadways. From 1996–2005 to 2006–2015, there was a 90% average increase in nuisance floods. With sea level rise, nuisance-flood frequency is projected to grow at all locations assessed. The total induced vehicle-hours of delay due to nuisance flooding currently exceed 100 million hours annually. Nearly 160 million vehicle-hours of delay across the East Coast by 2020 (85% increase from 2010); 1.2 billion vehicle-hours by 2060 (126% increase from 2010); and 3.4 billion vehicle-hours by 2100 (392% increase from 2010) are projected under an intermediate low sea-level-rise scenario. By 2056–2065, nuisance flooding could occur almost daily at sites in Connecticut, New Jersey, Maryland, the District of Columbia, North Carolina, and Florida under an intermediate sea-level-rise scenario. AU - Jacobs, Jennifer M. AU - Cattaneo, Lia R. AU - Sweet, William AU - Mansfield, Theodore DO - 10.1177/0361198118756366 PY - 2018 ST - Recent and future outlooks for nuisance flooding impacts on roadways on the US East Coast T2 - Transportation Research Record TI - Recent and future outlooks for nuisance flooding impacts on roadways on the US East Coast ID - 26046 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Jacobs, J.M. AU - Culp, M. AU - Cattaneo, L. AU - Chinowsky, P. AU - Choate, A. AU - DesRoches, S. AU - Douglass, S. AU - Miller, R. C4 - 75adee6f-498f-4ce1-8655-d8b77e5f1b8f CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH12 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 12 SP - xxx ST - Transportation T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Transportation ID - 26646 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Managing water for sustainable use and economic development is both a technical and a governance challenge in which knowledge production and sharing play a central role. This article evaluates and compares the role of participatory governance and scientific information in decision-making in four basins in Brazil, Mexico, Thailand, and the United States. Water management institutions in each of the basins have evolved during the last 10–20 years from a relatively centralized water-management structure at the state or national level to a decision structure that involves engaging water users within the basins and the development of participatory processes. This change is consistent with global trends in which states increasingly are expected to gain public acceptance for larger water projects and policy changes. In each case, expanded citizen engagement in identifying options and in decision-making processes has resulted in more complexity but also has expanded the culture of integrated learning. International funding for water infrastructure has been linked to requirements for participatory management processes, but, ironically, this study finds that participatory processes appear to work better in the context of decisions that are short-term and easily adjusted, such as water-allocation decisions, and do not work so well for longer-term, high-stakes decisions regarding infrastructure. A second important observation is that the costs of capacity building to allow meaningful stakeholder engagement in water-management decision processes are not widely recognized. Failure to appreciate the associated costs and complexities may contribute to the lack of successful engagement of citizens in decisions regarding infrastructure. AU - Jacobs, Katharine AU - Lebel, Louis AU - Buizer, James AU - Addams, Lee AU - Matson, Pamela AU - McCullough, Ellen AU - Garden, Po AU - Saliba, George AU - Finan, Timothy DO - 10.1073/pnas.0813125107 IS - 17 PY - 2016 SP - 4591-4596 ST - Linking knowledge with action in the pursuit of sustainable water-resources management T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Linking knowledge with action in the pursuit of sustainable water-resources management VL - 113 ID - 25291 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Jacobs, Kasey R. AU - Pérez, Angela Isabel CY - San Juan, PR PB - San Juan Bay Estuary Program PY - 2013 SP - various ST - Assessing the San Juan Bay Estuary Program’s Vulnerabilities to Climate Change TI - Assessing the San Juan Bay Estuary Program’s Vulnerabilities to Climate Change UR - http://estuario.org/images/ClimateReadyEstuary_SJBEP_FinalReport.pdf ID - 25085 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jacobson, Elliott R. AU - Barker, David G. AU - Barker, Tracy M. AU - Mauldin, Richard AU - Avery, Michael L. AU - Engeman, Richard AU - Secor, Stephen DO - 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2012.00306.x IS - 3 KW - ambient temperature Burmese python invasion snake thermal tolerance PY - 2012 SN - 1749-4877 SP - 271-285 ST - Environmental temperatures, physiology and behavior limit the range expansion of invasive Burmese pythons in southeastern USA T2 - Integrative Zoology TI - Environmental temperatures, physiology and behavior limit the range expansion of invasive Burmese pythons in southeastern USA VL - 7 ID - 24329 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jacobson, Peter C. AU - Jones, Thomas S. AU - Rivers, Pat AU - Pereira, Donald L. DA - 2008/09/01 DO - 10.1577/T07-148.1 IS - 5 PY - 2008 SN - 0002-8487 SP - 1464-1474 ST - Field estimation of a lethal oxythermal niche boundary for adult ciscoes in Minnesota lakes T2 - Transactions of the American Fisheries Society TI - Field estimation of a lethal oxythermal niche boundary for adult ciscoes in Minnesota lakes VL - 137 ID - 26579 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jacobson, Peter C. AU - Stefan, Heinz G. AU - Pereira, Donald L. DA - 2010/12/01 DO - 10.1139/F10-115 IS - 12 PY - 2010 SN - 0706-652X SP - 2002-2013 ST - Coldwater fish oxythermal habitat in Minnesota lakes: Influence of total phosphorus, July air temperature, and relative depth T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences TI - Coldwater fish oxythermal habitat in Minnesota lakes: Influence of total phosphorus, July air temperature, and relative depth VL - 67 Y2 - 2018/10/05 ID - 26580 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Jacoby, Henry D. AU - Janetos, Anthony C. AU - Birdsey, Richard AU - Buizer, James AU - Calvin, Katherine AU - de la Chesnaye, Francisco AU - Schimel, David AU - Sue Wing, Ian AU - Detchon, Reid AU - Edmonds, Jae AU - Russell, Lynn AU - West, Jason C4 - 57167935-c092-4b76-be4d-56ffbc0402e1 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0C8276J PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 648-669 ST - Ch. 27: Mitigation T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 27: Mitigation UR - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/response-strategies/mitigation ID - 8671 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jacox, Michael G. AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Mantua, Nathan J. AU - Scott, James D . AU - Hervieux, Gaelle AU - Webb, Robert S. AU - Werner, Francisco E. DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0119.1 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - S27-S33 ST - Forcing of multiyear extreme ocean temperatures that impacted California Current living marine resources in 2016 [in "Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 from a Climate Perspective"] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Forcing of multiyear extreme ocean temperatures that impacted California Current living marine resources in 2016 [in "Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 from a Climate Perspective"] VL - 99 ID - 23790 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The California Current System (CCS) is a biologically productive Eastern Boundary Upwelling System that experiences considerable environmental variability on seasonal and interannual timescales. Given that this variability drives changes in ecologically and economically important living marine resources, predictive skill for regional oceanographic conditions is highly desirable. Here, we assess the skill of seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts in the CCS using output from Global Climate Forecast Systems in the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME), and describe mechanisms that underlie SST predictability. A simple persistence forecast provides considerable skill for lead times up to ~4 months, while skill above persistence is mostly confined to forecasts of late winter/spring and derives primarily from predictable evolution of ENSO-related variability. Specifically, anomalously weak (strong) equatorward winds are skillfully forecast during El Niño (La Niña) events, and drive negative (positive) upwelling anomalies and consequently warm (cold) temperature anomalies. This mechanism prevails during moderate to strong ENSO events, while years of ENSO-neutral conditions are not associated with significant forecast skill in the wind or significant skill above persistence in SST. We find also a strong latitudinal gradient in predictability within the CCS; SST forecast skill is highest off the Washington/Oregon coast and lowest off southern California, consistent with variable wind forcing being the dominant driver of SST predictability. These findings have direct implications for regional downscaling of seasonal forecasts and for short-term management of living marine resources. AU - Jacox, Michael G. AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Stock, Charles A. AU - Hervieux, Gaëlle DA - March 24 DO - 10.1007/s00382-017-3608-y M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1432-0894 ST - On the skill of seasonal sea surface temperature forecasts in the California Current System and its connection to ENSO variability T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - On the skill of seasonal sea surface temperature forecasts in the California Current System and its connection to ENSO variability ID - 24852 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The California Current System (CCS) is a biologically productive Eastern Boundary Upwelling System that experiences considerable environmental variability on seasonal and interannual timescales. Given that this variability drives changes in ecologically and economically important living marine resources, predictive skill for regional oceanographic conditions is highly desirable. Here, we assess the skill of seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts in the CCS using output from Global Climate Forecast Systems in the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME), and describe mechanisms that underlie SST predictability. A simple persistence forecast provides considerable skill for lead times up to ~4 months, while skill above persistence is mostly confined to forecasts of late winter/spring and derives primarily from predictable evolution of ENSO-related variability. Specifically, anomalously weak (strong) equatorward winds are skillfully forecast during El Niño (La Niña) events, and drive negative (positive) upwelling anomalies and consequently warm (cold) temperature anomalies. This mechanism prevails during moderate to strong ENSO events, while years of ENSO-neutral conditions are not associated with significant forecast skill in the wind or significant skill above persistence in SST. We find also a strong latitudinal gradient in predictability within the CCS; SST forecast skill is highest off the Washington/Oregon coast and lowest off southern California, consistent with variable wind forcing being the dominant driver of SST predictability. These findings have direct implications for regional downscaling of seasonal forecasts and for short-term management of living marine resources. AU - Jacox, Michael G. AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Stock, Charles A. AU - Hervieux, Gaëlle DA - March 24 DO - 10.1007/s00382-017-3608-y M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1432-0894 ST - On the skill of seasonal sea surface temperature forecasts in the California Current System and its connection to ENSO variability T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - On the skill of seasonal sea surface temperature forecasts in the California Current System and its connection to ENSO variability ID - 26426 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jacox, Michael G. AU - Hazen, Elliott L. AU - Zaba, Katherine D. AU - Rudnick, Daniel L. AU - Edwards, Christopher A. AU - Moore, Andrew M. AU - Bograd, Steven J. DO - 10.1002/2016GL069716 IS - 13 KW - El Niño ENSO glider ROMS the Blob 1997–1998 4215 Climate and interannual variability 4279 Upwelling and convergences 4522 ENSO 4516 Eastern boundary currents 4855 Phytoplankton PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 7072-7080 ST - Impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño on the California Current System: Early assessment and comparison to past events T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño on the California Current System: Early assessment and comparison to past events VL - 43 ID - 24654 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jactel, Hervé AU - Petit, Jérôme AU - Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure AU - Delzon, Sylvain AU - Piou, Dominique AU - Battisti, Andrea AU - Koricheva, Julia DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02512.x IS - 1 KW - drought fungus pest risk analysis tree PY - 2012 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 267-276 ST - Drought effects on damage by forest insects and pathogens: A meta-analysis T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Drought effects on damage by forest insects and pathogens: A meta-analysis VL - 18 ID - 22030 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jafarov, Elchin E. AU - Romanovsky, Vladimir E. AU - Genet, Helene AU - McGuire, Anthony David AU - Marchenko, Sergey S. DA - 2013 DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035030 IS - 3 PY - 2013 SP - 035030 ST - Effects of fire on the thermal stability of permafrost in lowland and upland black spruce forests of interior Alaska in a changing climate T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Effects of fire on the thermal stability of permafrost in lowland and upland black spruce forests of interior Alaska in a changing climate VL - 8 ID - 22226 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jaffe, D. AU - Chand, D. AU - Hafner, W. AU - Westerling, A. AU - Spracklen, D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1021/es800084k IS - 16 PY - 2008 SN - 0013-936X SP - 5885-5891 ST - Influence of fires on O3 concentrations in the western US T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Influence of fires on O3 concentrations in the western US VL - 42 ID - 13924 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jaffe, D. AU - Hafner, W. AU - Chand, D. AU - Westerling, A. AU - Spracklen, D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1021/es702755v IS - 8 PY - 2008 SN - 0013-936X SP - 2812-2818 ST - Interannual variations in PM2.5 due to wildfires in the western United States T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Interannual variations in PM2.5 due to wildfires in the western United States VL - 42 ID - 13925 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jaffe, Daniel A. AU - Wigder, Nicole L. DA - 2012/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.063 KW - Ozone production Wildfires Air quality impacts Ozone exceedances Ozone photochemistry Fire emissions PY - 2012 SN - 1352-2310 SP - 1-10 ST - Ozone production from wildfires: A critical review T2 - Atmospheric Environment TI - Ozone production from wildfires: A critical review VL - 51 ID - 25137 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jaffe, D. A. AU - Zhang, L. DO - 10.1002/2016GL072010 IS - 4 KW - ozone climate change 0345 Pollution: urban and regional 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 1990-1997 ST - Meteorological anomalies lead to elevated O3 in the western U.S. in June 2015 T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Meteorological anomalies lead to elevated O3 in the western U.S. in June 2015 VL - 44 ID - 24653 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The disease burden due to heat-stress illness (HSI), which can result in significant morbidity and mortality, is expected to increase as the climate continues to warm. In the United States (U.S.) much of what is known about HSI epidemiology is from analyses of urban heat waves. There is limited research addressing whether HSI hospitalization risk varies between urban and rural areas, nor is much known about additional diagnoses of patients hospitalized for HSI. AU - Jagai, Jyotsna S. AU - Grossman, Elena AU - Navon, Livia AU - Sambanis, Apostolis AU - Dorevitch, Samuel DA - April 07 DO - 10.1186/s12940-017-0245-1 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1476-069X SP - 38 ST - Hospitalizations for heat-stress illness varies between rural and urban areas: An analysis of Illinois data, 1987–2014 T2 - Environmental Health TI - Hospitalizations for heat-stress illness varies between rural and urban areas: An analysis of Illinois data, 1987–2014 VL - 16 ID - 21209 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jagai, J.S. AU - Li, Quanlin AU - Wang, Shiliang AU - Messier, K.P. AU - Wade, Timothy J. AU - Hilborn, Elizabeth D. DO - 10.1289/ehp.1408971 IS - 9 PY - 2015 SP - 873-879 ST - Extreme precipitation and emergency room visits for gastrointestinal illness in areas with and without combined sewer systems: An analysis of Massachusetts data, 2003-2007 T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Extreme precipitation and emergency room visits for gastrointestinal illness in areas with and without combined sewer systems: An analysis of Massachusetts data, 2003-2007 VL - 123 ID - 19179 ER - TY - JOUR AB - By 2050, the world population is likely to be 9.1 billion, the CO(2) concentration 550 ppm, the ozone concentration 60 ppb and the climate warmer by ca 2 degrees C. In these conditions, what contribution can increased crop yield make to feeding the world? CO(2) enrichment is likely to increase yields of most crops by approximately 13 per cent but leave yields of C4 crops unchanged. It will tend to reduce water consumption by all crops, but this effect will be approximately cancelled out by the effect of the increased temperature on evaporation rates. In many places increased temperature will provide opportunities to manipulate agronomy to improve crop performance. Ozone concentration increases will decrease yields by 5 per cent or more. Plant breeders will probably be able to increase yields considerably in the CO(2)-enriched environment of the future, and most weeds and airborne pests and diseases should remain controllable, so long as policy changes do not remove too many types of crop-protection chemicals. However, soil-borne pathogens are likely to be an increasing problem when warmer weather will increase their multiplication rates; control is likely to need a transgenic approach to breeding for resistance. There is a large gap between achievable yields and those delivered by farmers, even in the most efficient agricultural systems. A gap is inevitable, but there are large differences between farmers, even between those who have used the same resources. If this gap is closed and accompanied by improvements in potential yields then there is a good prospect that crop production will increase by approximately 50 per cent or more by 2050 without extra land. However, the demands for land to produce bio-energy have not been factored into these calculations. AD - Rothamsted Research, Broom's Barn Research Centre, Higham, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, UK. keith.jaggard@bbsrc.ac.uk AU - Jaggard, K. W. AU - Qi, A. AU - Ober, E. S. C2 - 2935124 C6 - NIEHS DA - Sep 27 DO - 10.1098/rstb.2010.0153 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2010/08/18 IS - 1554 KW - Agriculture/ methods Carbon Dioxide Climate Change Crops, Agricultural/ growth & development Food Supply Humans Ozone Water LA - eng PY - 2010 SN - 1471-2970 (Electronic) 0962-8436 (Linking) SP - 2835-2851 ST - Possible changes to arable crop yields by 2050 T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences TI - Possible changes to arable crop yields by 2050 VL - 365 ID - 7134 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jaglom, Wendy S. AU - McFarland, James R. AU - Colley, Michelle F. AU - Mack, Charlotte B. AU - Venkatesh, Boddu AU - Miller, Rawlings L. AU - Haydel, Juanita AU - Schultz, Peter A. AU - Perkins, Bill AU - Casola, Joseph H. AU - Martinich, Jeremy A. AU - Cross, Paul AU - Kolian, Michael J. AU - Kayin, Serpil DA - 2014/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.04.032 KW - Climate change Electricity demand Electric power sector PY - 2014 SN - 0301-4215 SP - 524-539 ST - Assessment of projected temperature impacts from climate change on the U.S. electric power sector using the Integrated Planning Model® T2 - Energy Policy TI - Assessment of projected temperature impacts from climate change on the U.S. electric power sector using the Integrated Planning Model® VL - 73 ID - 21329 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Hydrologists have traditionally assumed that the annual maximum flood process at a location is independent and identically distributed. While nonstationarities in the flood process due to land use changes have long been recognized, it is only recently becoming clear that structured interannual, interdecadal, and longer time variations in planetary climate impart the temporal structure to the flood frequency process at flood control system design and operation timescales. The influence of anthropogenic climate change on the nature of floods is also an issue of societal concern. Here we focus on (1) a diagnosis of variations in the frequency of floods that are synchronous with low‐frequency climate state and (2) an exploration of limiting flood probability distributions implied by a long simulation of a model of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Implications for flood risk analysis are discussed. AU - Jain, S. AU - Lall, U. DO - 10.1029/2001WR000495 IS - 12 PY - 2001 SP - 3193-3205 ST - Floods in a changing climate: Does the past represent the future? T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Floods in a changing climate: Does the past represent the future? VL - 37 ID - 25374 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - AghaKouchak, Amir A2 - Easterling, David A2 - Hsu, Kuolin A2 - Schubert, Siegfried A2 - Sorooshian, Soroosh AU - Jakob, Dörte C4 - f2ca0b49-8456-4bd5-803a-91fb61e021d0 CY - Dordrecht PB - Springer PY - 2013 SN - 978-9400744783 9400744781 SP - 363-417 ST - Nonstationarity in extremes and engineering design SV - Water Science and Technology Library v.65 T2 - Extremes in a Changing Climate: Detection, Analysis and Uncertainty TI - Nonstationarity in extremes and engineering design ID - 25397 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Janetos, A.C. AU - Clarke, L. AU - Collins, B. AU - Ebi, K. AU - Edmonds, J. AU - Foster, I. AU - Jacoby, J. AU - Judd, K. AU - Leung, R. AU - Newell, R. C6 - NCA PB - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science PY - 2009 SP - 80 ST - Science Challenges and Future Directions: Climate Change Integrated Assessment Research. Report PNNL-18417 TI - Science Challenges and Future Directions: Climate Change Integrated Assessment Research. Report PNNL-18417 UR - http://science.energy.gov/~/media/ber/pdf/ia_workshop_low_res_06_25_09.pdf ID - 13931 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - University, Boston AU - Janetos, Anthony C. AU - Justice, Christopher AU - Jahn, Molly AU - Obersteiner, Michael AU - Glauber, Jospeh AU - Mulhern, Willam CY - Boston, MA N1 - ISBN: 978-1-936727-14-8 PB - Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future PY - 2017 RP - ISBN: 978-1-936727-14-8 SP - 22 ST - The Risks of Multiple Breadbasket Failures in the 21st Century: A Science Research Agenda T2 - Pardee Center Research Report TI - The Risks of Multiple Breadbasket Failures in the 21st Century: A Science Research Agenda UR - http://www.bu.edu/pardee/files/2017/03/Multiple-Breadbasket-Failures-Pardee-Report.pdf ID - 21428 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper discusses the scale at which the weather is experienced and modified by human activities in urban environment. The climates of built-up areas differ from their non-urban counterparts in many aspect: wind-flows, radiation, humidity, precipitation and air quality all change in the presence of human settlement, transforming each city into a singularity within its regional weather system. Yet this pervasive category of anthropogenic climate change has always tended to be hidden and difficult to discern. The paper first describes the sequence of discovery of the urban heat island since the early nineteenth century, and the emergence and consolidation of a scientific field devoted to the climatology of cities. This is followed by a discussion of various attempts to apply knowledge of climatic factors to the design and management of settlement. We find that real-world application of urban climatology has met with limited success. However, the conclusion suggests that global climate change gives a new visibility and practical relevance to urban-scale climate science. AU - Jankovic, V. AU - Hebbert, M. C6 - NIEHS DA - Jul DB - DO - 10.1007/s10584-012-0429-1 DP - CCII Web of Science IS - 1 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Times Cited: 0 Jankovic, Vladimir Hebbert, Michael Economic and Social Research Council [RES-062-23-2134] We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Economic and Social Research Council which supported the http://www.sed.manchester.ac.uk/architecture/research/csud/index.htm project 'Climate Science and Urban Design' under Grant RES-062-23-2134. Springer Dordrecht Si PY - 2012 RN - CCII Unique SN - 0165-0009 SP - 23-33 ST - Hidden climate change—Urban meteorology and the scales of real weather T2 - Climatic Change TI - Hidden climate change—Urban meteorology and the scales of real weather VL - 113 ID - 4599 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jankowski, Krista L. AU - Törnqvist, Torbjörn E. AU - Fernandes, Anjali M. DA - 03/14/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms14792 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - Article 14792 ST - Vulnerability of Louisiana’s coastal wetlands to present-day rates of relative sea-level rise T2 - Nature Communications TI - Vulnerability of Louisiana’s coastal wetlands to present-day rates of relative sea-level rise VL - 8 ID - 24330 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Janowiak, Maria K. AU - D’Amato, A.W. AU - Swanston, C.W. AU - Iverson, L. AU - Thompson III, F. AU - Dijak, W. AU - Matthews, S. AU - Peters, M. AU - Prasad, A. AU - Fraser, J.S. AU - Brandt, L.A. AU - Butler, P.R. AU - Handler, S.D. AU - Shannon, P.D. AU - Burbank, D. AU - Campbell, J. AU - Cogbill, C. AU - Duveneck, M.J. AU - Emery, M. AU - Fisichelli, N. AU - Foster, J. AU - Hushaw, J. AU - Kenefic, L. AU - Mahaffey, A. AU - Morelli, T.L. AU - Reo, N. AU - Schaberg, P. AU - Simmons, K.R. AU - Weiskittel, A. AU - Wilmot, S. AU - Hollinger, D. AU - Lane, E. AU - Rustad, L. AU - Templer, P. CY - Newtown Square, PA NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-173 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service PY - 2018 SP - 234 ST - New England and New York Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis TI - New England and New York Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/55635 ID - 21896 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Janowiak, Maria K. AU - Iverson, Louis R. AU - Mladenoff, David J. AU - Peters, Emily AU - Wythers, Kirk R. AU - Xi, Weimin AU - Brandt, Leslie A. AU - Butler, Patricia R. AU - Handler, Stephen D. AU - Shannon, P. Danielle AU - Swanston, Chris AU - Parker, Linda R. AU - Amman, Amy J. AU - Bogaczyk, Brian AU - Handler, Christine AU - Lesch, Ellen AU - Reich, Peter B. AU - Matthews, Stephen AU - Peters, Matthew AU - Prasad, Anantha AU - Khanal, Sami AU - Liu, Feng AU - Bal, Tara AU - Bronson, Dustin AU - Burton, Andrew AU - Ferris, Jim AU - Fosgitt, Jon AU - Hagan, Shawn AU - Johnston, Erin AU - Kane, Evan AU - Matula, Colleen AU - O’Connor, Ryan AU - Higgins, Dale AU - St. Pierre, Matt AU - Daley, Jad AU - Davenport, Mae AU - Emery, Marla R. AU - Fehringer, David AU - Hoving, Christopher L. AU - Johnson, Gary AU - Neitzel, David AU - Notaro, Michael AU - Rissman, Adena AU - Rittenhouse, Chadwick AU - Ziel, Robert CY - Newtown Square, PA NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-136 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station PY - 2014 SP - 247 ST - Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis for Northern Wisconsin and Western Upper Michigan: A Report from the Northwoods Climate Change Response Framework Project TI - Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis for Northern Wisconsin and Western Upper Michigan: A Report from the Northwoods Climate Change Response Framework Project UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/gtr/gtr_nrs136.pdf ID - 21270 ER - TY - WEB AU - Janowiak, Maria K. AU - Nett, J. AU - Johnson, E. AU - Walker, N. AU - Handler, S. AU - Swanston, C. CY - Newtown Square, PA PB - USDA Forest Service PY - 2018 ST - Climate Change and Adaptation: New England and Northern New York Forests [story map] TI - Climate Change and Adaptation: New England and Northern New York Forests [story map] UR - https://usfs.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=a4babe8e2fe849739171e6824930459e ID - 26687 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is an ever-growing body of literature on forest management strategies for climate change adaptation; however, few frameworks have been presented for integrating these strategies with the real-world challenges of forest management. We have developed a structured approach for translating broad adaptation concepts into specific management actions and silvicultural practices for forest adaptation, as well as an associated set of resources to assist managers in using this approach. A variety of public, private, nongovernmental, and tribal natural resource managers are using this approach to develop projects that implement a diversity of adaptation actions while also meeting manager-identified goals. We describe how managers can integrate climate change information into management planning and activities and provide examples of real-world forest management projects that identify actions to help forests adapt to changing conditions. AU - Janowiak, Maria K. AU - Swanston, Christopher W. AU - Nagel, Linda M. AU - Brandt, Leslie A. AU - Butler, Patricia R. AU - Handler, Stephen D. AU - Shannon, P. Danielle AU - Iverson, Louis R. AU - Matthews, Stephen N. AU - Prasad, Anantha AU - Peters, Matthew P. DA - // DO - 10.5849/jof.13-094 IS - 5 KW - adaptation case study climate change forest management PY - 2014 SP - 424-433 ST - A practical approach for translating climate change adaptation principles into forest management actions T2 - Journal of Forestry TI - A practical approach for translating climate change adaptation principles into forest management actions VL - 112 ID - 21238 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Janssen, Emily AU - Wuebbles, Donald J. AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Olsen, Seth C. AU - Goodman, Alex DO - 10.1002/2013EF000185 IS - 2 KW - Extreme Precipitation CMIP5 1637 Regional climate change 1610 Atmosphere 1620 Climate dynamics 1626 Global climate models 1627 Coupled models of the climate system PY - 2014 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 99-113 ST - Observational- and model-based trends and projections of extreme precipitation over the contiguous United States T2 - Earth’s Future TI - Observational- and model-based trends and projections of extreme precipitation over the contiguous United States VL - 2 ID - 19689 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jantarasami, Lesley C. AU - Lawler, Joshua J. AU - Thomas, Craig W. C6 - NCA IS - 4 PY - 2010 SN - 1708-3087 SP - 33 ST - Institutional barriers to climate change adaptation in US national parks and forests T2 - Ecology and Society TI - Institutional barriers to climate change adaptation in US national parks and forests UR - http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/art33/ VL - 15 ID - 13935 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Jantarasami, L.C. AU - Novak, R. AU - Delgado, R. AU - Marino, E AU - McNeeley, S. AU - Narducci, C. AU - Raymond-Yakoubian, J. AU - Singletary, L. AU - Whyte, K. Powys C4 - 6a4adad4-77bc-4367-adb0-dc97b8a0389c CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH15 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 15 SP - xxx ST - Tribes and Indigenous Peoples T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Tribes and Indigenous Peoples ID - 26649 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Jasperse, Jay AU - Ralph, Marty AU - Anderson, Michael AU - Brekke, Levi D. AU - Dillabough, Mike AU - Dettinger, Michael AU - Haynes, Alan AU - Hartman, Robert AU - Jones, Christy AU - Forbis, Joe AU - Rutten, Patrick AU - Talbot, Cary AU - Webb, Robert H. CY - La Jolla, CA DB - USGS Publications Warehouse LA - English M3 - Report PB - Center For Western Weather and Water Extremes (CW3E) PY - 2017 SP - 75 ST - Preliminary viability assessment of Lake Mendocino forecast informed reservoir operations TI - Preliminary viability assessment of Lake Mendocino forecast informed reservoir operations UR - http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70192184 ID - 25970 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Jastram, John D. AU - Rice, Karen C. CY - Reston, VA DB - USGS Publications Warehouse DO - 10.3133/ofr20151207 LA - English M3 - Report PB - U. S. Geological Survey PY - 2015 SN - Open-File Report 2015-1207 SP - 35 ST - Air- and Stream-Water-Temperature Trends in the Chesapeake Bay Region, 1960–2014 T2 - Open-File Report TI - Air- and Stream-Water-Temperature Trends in the Chesapeake Bay Region, 1960–2014 ID - 25398 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Jay, A. AU - Reidmiller, D.R. AU - Avery, C.W. AU - Barrie, D. AU - DeAngelo, B.J. AU - Dave, A. AU - Dzaugis, M. AU - Kolian, M. AU - Lewis, K.L.M. AU - Reeves, K. AU - West, T. AU - Winner, D. C4 - 0b975ed5-e052-47e0-a502-46b3a54b2dbd CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH1 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 1 SP - xxx ST - Overview T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Overview ID - 26635 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jay, Chadwick V. AU - Fischbach, Anthony S. AU - Kochnev, Anatoly A. DO - 10.3354/meps10057 PY - 2012 SP - 1-13 ST - Walrus areas of use in the Chukchi Sea during sparse sea ice cover T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series TI - Walrus areas of use in the Chukchi Sea during sparse sea ice cover VL - 468 ID - 22227 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Jenkerson, Calli AU - Maiersperger, Thomas AU - Schmidt, Gail CY - Reston, VA NV - Open-File Report 2010–1055 PB - USGS PY - 2010 SP - 10 ST - eMODIS: A User-Friendly Data Source TI - eMODIS: A User-Friendly Data Source UR - https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1055/ ID - 23488 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Because habitat loss is the main cause of extinction, where and how much society chooses to protect is vital for saving species. The United States is well positioned economically and politically to pursue habitat conservation should it be a societal goal. We assessed the US protected area portfolio with respect to biodiversity in the country. New synthesis maps for terrestrial vertebrates, freshwater fish, and trees permit comparison with protected areas to identify priorities for future conservation investment. Although the total area protected is substantial, its geographic configuration is nearly the opposite of patterns of endemism within the country. Most protected lands are in the West, whereas the vulnerable species are largely in the Southeast. Private land protections are significant, but they are not concentrated where the priorities are. To adequately protect the nation’s unique biodiversity, we recommend specific areas deserving additional protection, some of them including public lands, but many others requiring private investment. AU - Jenkins, Clinton N. AU - Van Houtan, Kyle S. AU - Pimm, Stuart L. AU - Sexton, Joseph O. DA - April 21, 2015 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1418034112 IS - 16 PY - 2015 SP - 5081-5086 ST - US protected lands mismatch biodiversity priorities T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - US protected lands mismatch biodiversity priorities VL - 112 ID - 24331 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. emily.jenkins@usask.ca AU - Jenkins, Emily J. AU - Castrodale, Louisa J. AU - de Rosemond, Simone J.C. AU - Dixon, Brent R. AU - Elmore, Stacey A. AU - Gesy, Karen M. AU - Hoberg, Eric P. AU - Polley, Lydden AU - Schurer, Janna M. AU - Simard, Manon AU - Thompson, R. C. Andrew DO - 10.1016/b978-0-12-407706-5.00002-2 DP - NLM ET - 2013/04/04 KW - Alaska/epidemiology Animals Canada/epidemiology Communicable Diseases, Emerging/*epidemiology/*parasitology Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology Greenland/epidemiology Humans Incidence Infection Control/methods Parasites/classification/isolation & purification Parasitic Diseases/*epidemiology/*transmission Prevalence Zoonoses/*epidemiology/*parasitology LA - eng PY - 2013 SN - 0065-308x SP - 33-204 ST - Tradition and transition: Parasitic zoonoses of people and animals in Alaska, northern Canada, and Greenland T2 - Advances in Parasitology TI - Tradition and transition: Parasitic zoonoses of people and animals in Alaska, northern Canada, and Greenland VL - 82 ID - 22228 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bark beetle outbreaks and wildfires are principal drivers of change in western North American forests, and both have increased in severity and extent in recent years. These two agents of disturbance interact in complex ways to shape forest structure and composition. For example, mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, epidemics alter forest fuels with consequences for the frequency and intensity of wildfires and, conversely, fire injury to trees can promote bark beetle attack and increase beetle populations. Given the great influence these processes have on forest ecosystems, a better understanding of how bark beetles and fires interact is needed to better manage forests and to predict and manage wildfires. Here we review current knowledge on how fire and bark beetles interact, focusing on the mountain pine beetle. We highlight research on how fuel reduction treatments and wildfires affect bark beetles and how bark beetles can affect wildfires by modifying the moisture content, chemistry, and structure of fuels. Last, we discuss the implications these findings have for fire management and firefighter safety. AU - Jenkins, Michael J. AU - Runyon, Justin B. AU - Fettig, Christopher J. AU - Page, Wesley G. AU - Bentz, Barbara J. DO - 10.5849/forsci.13-017 IS - 3 N1 - 10.5849/forsci.13-017 PY - 2014 SN - 0015-749X SP - 489-501 ST - Interactions among the mountain pine beetle, fires, and fuels T2 - Forest Science TI - Interactions among the mountain pine beetle, fires, and fuels VL - 60 ID - 25160 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Designing climate-related research so that study results will be useful to natural resource managers is a unique challenge. While decision makers increasingly recognize the need to consider climate change in their resource management plans, and climate scientists recognize the importance of providing locally-relevant climate data and projections, there often remains a gap between management needs and the information that is available or is being collected. We used decision analysis concepts to bring decision-maker and stakeholder perspectives into the applied research planning process. In 2009 we initiated a series of studies on the impacts of climate change in the Yakima River Basin (YRB) with a four-day stakeholder workshop, bringing together managers, stakeholders, and scientists to develop an integrated conceptual model of climate change and climate change impacts in the YRB. The conceptual model development highlighted areas of uncertainty that limit the understanding of the potential impacts of climate change and decision alternatives by those who will be most directly affected by those changes, and pointed to areas where additional study and engagement of stakeholders would be beneficial. The workshop and resulting conceptual model highlighted the importance of numerous different outcomes to stakeholders in the basin, including social and economic outcomes that go beyond the physical and biological outcomes typically reported in climate impacts studies. Subsequent studies addressed several of those areas of uncertainty, including changes in water temperatures, habitat quality, and bioenergetics of salmonid populations. AU - Jenni, K. AU - Graves, D. AU - Hardiman, J. AU - Hatten, J. AU - Mastin, M. AU - Mesa, M. AU - Montag, J. AU - Nieman, T. AU - Voss, F. AU - Maule, A. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0806-4 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 371-384 ST - Identifying stakeholder-relevant climate change impacts: A case study in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, USA T2 - Climatic Change TI - Identifying stakeholder-relevant climate change impacts: A case study in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, USA VL - 124 ID - 23793 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jennings, Simon AU - Brander, Keith DA - 2010/02/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.016 IS - 3 KW - Climate Climate changes Biological production Fisheries Size-spectra Prediction Metabolic theory PY - 2010 SN - 0924-7963 SP - 418-426 ST - Predicting the effects of climate change on marine communities and the consequences for fisheries T2 - Journal of Marine Systems TI - Predicting the effects of climate change on marine communities and the consequences for fisheries VL - 79 ID - 25037 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jennings, Viniece AU - Johnson Gaither, Cassandra DO - 10.5558/tfc2015-067 IS - 04 PY - 2015 SP - 376-383 ST - Approaching environmental health disparities and green spaces: An ecosystem services perspective T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Approaching environmental health disparities and green spaces: An ecosystem services perspective VL - 91 ID - 22906 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Anthropocene is characterized by a worldwide spread of hypoxia, among other manifestations, which threatens aquatic ecosystem functions, services, and biodiversity. The primary cause of hypoxia onset in recent decades is human‐triggered eutrophication. Global warming has also been demonstrated to contribute to the increase of hypoxic conditions. However, the precise role of both environmental forcings on hypoxia dynamics over the long term remains mainly unknown due to a lack of historical monitoring. In this study, we used an innovative paleolimnological approach on three large European lakes to quantify past hypoxia dynamics and to hierarchies the contributions of climate and nutrients. Even for lake ecosystems that have been well oxygenated over a millennia‐long period, and regardless of past climatic fluctuations, a shift to hypoxic conditions occurred in the 1950s in response to an unprecedented rise in total phosphorus concentrations above 10 ± 5 µg P L−1. Following this shift, hypoxia never disappeared despite the fact that environmental policies succeeded in drastically reducing lake phosphorus concentrations. During that period, decadal fluctuations in hypoxic volume were great, ranging between 0.5 and 8% of the total lake volumes. We demonstrate, through statistical modeling, that these fluctuations were essentially driven by climatic factors, such as river discharge and air temperature. In lakes Geneva and Bourget, which are fed by large river systems, fluctuations in hypoxic volume were negatively correlated with river discharge. In contrast, the expansion of hypoxia has been related only to warmer air temperatures at Annecy, which is fed by small river systems. Hence, we outline a theoretical framework assuming that restored lake ecosystems have inherited hypoxia from the eutrophication period and have shifted to a new stable state with new key controls of water and ecosystem quality. We suggest that controlling river discharge may be a complementary strategy for local management of lakes fed by large river systems. AU - Jenny, Jean‐Philippe AU - Arnaud, Fabien AU - Alric, Benjamin AU - Dorioz, Jean‐Marcel AU - Sabatier, Pierre AU - Meybeck, Michel AU - Perga, Marie‐Elodie DO - 10.1002/2014GB004932 IS - 12 PY - 2014 SP - 1413-1423 ST - Inherited hypoxia: A new challenge for reoligotrophicated lakes under global warming T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Inherited hypoxia: A new challenge for reoligotrophicated lakes under global warming VL - 28 ID - 25559 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jentsch, Mark F. AU - James, Patrick A. B. AU - Bourikas, Leonidas AU - Bahaj, AbuBakr S. DA - 2013/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.renene.2012.12.049 KW - Climate change Simulation weather data Weather data morphing Weather data generation tool PY - 2013 SN - 0960-1481 SP - 514-524 ST - Transforming existing weather data for worldwide locations to enable energy and building performance simulation under future climates T2 - Renewable Energy TI - Transforming existing weather data for worldwide locations to enable energy and building performance simulation under future climates VL - 55 ID - 25615 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jeon, Soyoung AU - Paciorek, Christopher J. AU - Wehner, Michael F. DA - 6// DO - 10.1016/j.wace.2016.02.001 PY - 2016 SN - 2212-0947 SP - 24-32 ST - Quantile-based bias correction and uncertainty quantification of extreme event attribution statements T2 - Weather and Climate Extremes TI - Quantile-based bias correction and uncertainty quantification of extreme event attribution statements VL - 12 ID - 20570 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jeon, S. AU - Prabhat AU - Byna, S. AU - Gu, J. AU - Collins, W. D. AU - Wehner, M. F. DO - 10.5194/ascmo-1-45-2015 IS - 1 N1 - ASCMO PY - 2015 SN - 2364-3587 SP - 45-57 ST - Characterization of extreme precipitation within atmospheric river events over California T2 - Advances in Statistical Climatology, Meteorology and Oceanography TI - Characterization of extreme precipitation within atmospheric river events over California VL - 1 ID - 23795 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study evaluates projected changes to rain-on-snow (ROS) characteristics (i.e., frequency, rainfall amount, and runoff) for the future 2041–2070 period with respect to the current 1976–2005 period over North America using six simulations, based on two Canadian RCMs, driven by two driving GCMs for RCP4.5 and 8.5 emission pathways. Prior to assessing projected changes, the two RCMs are evaluated by comparing ERA-Interim driven RCM simulations with available observations, and results indicate that both models reproduce reasonably well the observed spatial patterns of ROS event frequency and other related features. Analysis of current and future simulations suggest general increases in ROS characteristics during the November–March period for most regions of Canada and for northwestern US for the future period, due to an increase in the rainfall frequency with warmer air temperatures in future. Future ROS runoff is often projected to increase more than future ROS rainfall amounts, particularly for northeastern North America, during snowmelt months, as ROS events usually accelerate snowmelt. The simulations show that ROS event is a primary flood generating mechanism over most of Canada and north-western and -central US for the January–May period for the current period and this is projected to continue in the future period. More focused analysis over selected basins shows decreases in future spring runoff due to decreases in both snow cover and ROS runoff. The above results highlight the need to take into consideration ROS events in water resources management adaptation strategies for future climate. AU - Jeong, Dae Il AU - Sushama, Laxmi DA - March 10 DO - 10.1007/s00382-017-3609-x M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1432-0894 ST - Rain-on-snow events over North America based on two Canadian regional climate models T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Rain-on-snow events over North America based on two Canadian regional climate models ID - 23322 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jeong, Su-Jong AU - Medvigy, David DO - 10.1111/geb.12206 IS - 11 KW - Autumn phenology climate change deciduous trees leaf coloration phenology models scaling PY - 2014 SN - 1466-8238 SP - 1245-1254 ST - Macroscale prediction of autumn leaf coloration throughout the continental United States T2 - Global Ecology and Biogeography TI - Macroscale prediction of autumn leaf coloration throughout the continental United States VL - 23 ID - 23388 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jeong, Su-Jong AU - Medvigy, David AU - Shevliakova, Elena AU - Malyshev, Sergey DO - 10.1029/2012Gl054431 IS - 2 KW - 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions 0414 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 1622 Earth system modeling 1626 Global climate models 1627 Coupled models of the climate system PY - 2013 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 359-364 ST - Predicting changes in temperate forest budburst using continental-scale observations and models T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Predicting changes in temperate forest budburst using continental-scale observations and models VL - 40 ID - 23389 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jesdale, Bill M. AU - Morello-Frosch, Rachel AU - Cushing, Lara DO - 10.1289/ehp.1205919 IS - 7 N1 - Ch9 PY - 2013 SN - 0091-6765 SP - 811-817 ST - The racial/ethnic distribution of heat risk–related land cover in relation to residential segregation T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - The racial/ethnic distribution of heat risk–related land cover in relation to residential segregation VL - 121 ID - 17857 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jevrejeva, S. AU - Grinsted, A. AU - Moore, J. C. DO - 10.1029/2009GL040216 IS - 20 KW - sea level rise volcanic and solar radiative forcing CO2 and other greenhouse gases 1724 Ocean sciences 1707 Cryosphere 1807 Climate impacts 4556 Sea level: variations and mean PY - 2009 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L20706 ST - Anthropogenic forcing dominates sea level rise since 1850 T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Anthropogenic forcing dominates sea level rise since 1850 VL - 36 ID - 19936 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We construct the probability density function of global sea level at 2100, estimating that sea level rises larger than 180 cm are less than 5% probable. An upper limit for global sea level rise of 190 cm is assembled by summing the highest estimates of individual sea level rise components simulated by process based models with the RCP8.5 scenario. The agreement between the methods may suggest more confidence than is warranted since large uncertainties remain due to the lack of scenario-dependent projections from ice sheet dynamical models, particularly for mass loss from marine-based fast flowing outlet glaciers in Antarctica. This leads to an intrinsically hard to quantify fat tail in the probability distribution for global mean sea level rise. Thus our low probability upper limit of sea level projections cannot be considered definitive. Nevertheless, our upper limit of 180 cm for sea level rise by 2100 is based on both expert opinion and process studies and hence indicates that other lines of evidence are needed to justify a larger sea level rise this century. AU - Jevrejeva, S. AU - Grinsted, A. AU - Moore, J. C. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/104008 IS - 10 PY - 2014 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 104008 ST - Upper limit for sea level projections by 2100 T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Upper limit for sea level projections by 2100 VL - 9 ID - 19938 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Two degrees of global warming above the preindustrial level is widely suggested as an appropriate threshold beyond which climate change risks become unacceptably high. This “2 °C” threshold is likely to be reached between 2040 and 2050 for both Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 and 4.5. Resulting sea level rises will not be globally uniform, due to ocean dynamical processes and changes in gravity associated with water mass redistribution. Here we provide probabilistic sea level rise projections for the global coastline with warming above the 2 °C goal. By 2040, with a 2 °C warming under the RCP8.5 scenario, more than 90% of coastal areas will experience sea level rise exceeding the global estimate of 0.2 m, with up to 0.4 m expected along the Atlantic coast of North America and Norway. With a 5 °C rise by 2100, sea level will rise rapidly, reaching 0.9 m (median), and 80% of the coastline will exceed the global sea level rise at the 95th percentile upper limit of 1.8 m. Under RCP8.5, by 2100, New York may expect rises of 1.09 m, Guangzhou may expect rises of 0.91 m, and Lagos may expect rises of 0.90 m, with the 95th percentile upper limit of 2.24 m, 1.93 m, and 1.92 m, respectively. The coastal communities of rapidly expanding cities in the developing world, and vulnerable tropical coastal ecosystems, will have a very limited time after midcentury to adapt to sea level rises unprecedented since the dawn of the Bronze Age. AU - Jevrejeva, Svetlana AU - Jackson, Luke P. AU - Riva, Riccardo E. M. AU - Grinsted, Aslak AU - Moore, John C. DA - November 22, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1605312113 IS - 47 PY - 2016 SP - 13342-13347 ST - Coastal sea level rise with warming above 2 °C T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Coastal sea level rise with warming above 2 °C VL - 113 ID - 23796 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jewell, Jessica AU - Cherp, Aleh AU - Riahi, Keywan DA - 2014/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.10.051 KW - Energy security Climate change Indicators PY - 2014 SN - 0301-4215 SP - 743-760 ST - Energy security under de-carbonization scenarios: An assessment framework and evaluation under different technology and policy choices T2 - Energy Policy TI - Energy security under de-carbonization scenarios: An assessment framework and evaluation under different technology and policy choices VL - 65 ID - 24484 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Jewett, L. AU - Romanou, A. C4 - 5d047224-4e72-46d1-87f5-042c9617472d CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J0QV3JQB PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 13 SP - 364-392 ST - Ocean acidification and other ocean changes T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Ocean acidification and other ocean changes ID - 21571 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Increasing severity of high temperature worldwide presents an alarming threat to the humankind. As evident by massive yield losses in various food crops, the escalating adverse impacts of heat stress (HS) are putting the global food as well as nutritional security at great risk. Intrinsically, plants respond to high temperature stress by triggering a cascade of events and adapt by switching on numerous stress‐responsive genes. However, the complex and poorly understood mechanism of heat tolerance (HT), limited access to the precise phenotyping techniques, and above all, the substantial G × E effects offer major bottlenecks to the progress of breeding for improving HT. Therefore, focus should be given to assess the crop diversity, and targeting the adaptive/morpho‐physiological traits while making selections. Equally important is the rapid and precise introgression of the HT‐related gene(s)/QTLs to the heat‐susceptible cultivars to recover the genotypes with enhanced HT. Therefore, the progressive tailoring of the heat‐tolerant genotypes demands a rational integration of molecular breeding, functional genomics and transgenic technologies reinforced with the next‐generation phenomics facilities. AU - Jha, Uday Chand AU - Bohra, Abhishek AU - Singh, Narendra Pratap DO - 10.1111/pbr.12217 IS - 6 PY - 2014 SP - 679-701 ST - Heat stress in crop plants: Its nature, impacts and integrated breeding strategies to improve heat tolerance T2 - Plant Breeding TI - Heat stress in crop plants: Its nature, impacts and integrated breeding strategies to improve heat tolerance VL - 133 ID - 25558 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jhun, Iny AU - Fann, Neal AU - Zanobetti, Antonella AU - Hubbell, Bryan DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.009 N1 - Ch3 PY - 2014 SN - 01604120 SP - 128-134 ST - Effect modification of ozone-related mortality risks by temperature in 97 US cities T2 - Environment International TI - Effect modification of ozone-related mortality risks by temperature in 97 US cities VL - 73 ID - 16114 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Increasing availability and extent of biological ocean time series (from both in situ and satellite data) have helped reveal significant phenological variability of marine plankton. The extent to which the range of this variability is modified as a result of climate change is of obvious importance. Here we summarize recent research results on phenology of both phytoplankton and zooplankton. We suggest directions to better quantify and monitor future plankton phenology shifts, including (i) examining the main mode of expected future changes (ecological shifts in timing and spatial distribution to accommodate fixed environmental niches vs. evolutionary adaptation of timing controls to maintain fixed biogeography and seasonality), (ii) broader understanding of phenology at the species and community level (e.g. for zooplankton beyond Calanus and for phytoplankton beyond chlorophyll), (iii) improving and diversifying statistical metrics for indexing timing and trophic synchrony and (iv) improved consideration of spatio-temporal scales and the Lagrangian nature of plankton assemblages to separate time from space changes. AU - Ji, Rubao AU - Edwards, Martin AU - Mackas, David L. AU - Runge, Jeffrey A. AU - Thomas, Andrew C. DO - 10.1093/plankt/fbq062 IS - 10 PY - 2010 SN - 0142-7873 SP - 1355-1368 ST - Marine plankton phenology and life history in a changing climate: Current research and future directions T2 - Journal of Plankton Research TI - Marine plankton phenology and life history in a changing climate: Current research and future directions VL - 32 ID - 25505 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jiang, Chengsheng AU - Shaw, Kristi S. AU - Upperman, Crystal R. AU - Blythe, David AU - Mitchell, Clifford AU - Murtugudde, Raghu AU - Sapkota, Amy R. AU - Sapkota, Amir DA - 2015/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.006 KW - Climate change Salmonellosis Coastal vulnerability El Niño La Niña PY - 2015 SN - 0160-4120 SP - 58-62 ST - Climate change, extreme events and increased risk of salmonellosis in Maryland, USA: Evidence for coastal vulnerability T2 - Environment International TI - Climate change, extreme events and increased risk of salmonellosis in Maryland, USA: Evidence for coastal vulnerability VL - 83 ID - 21766 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jiang, Liping AU - Fang, Xing DO - 10.3390/w8070279 IS - 7 PY - 2016 SN - 2073-4441 SP - 279 ST - Simulation and validation of cisco lethal conditions in Minnesota lakes under past and future climate scenarios using constant survival limits T2 - Water TI - Simulation and validation of cisco lethal conditions in Minnesota lakes under past and future climate scenarios using constant survival limits VL - 8 ID - 26582 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jiang, Liping AU - Fang, Xing AU - Stefan, Heinz G. AU - Jacobson, Peter C. AU - Pereira, Donald L. DA - 2012/05/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.02.014 KW - Cisco () Climate Climate change Fish habitat Lakes Minnesota Simulations Water quality Water temperature Dissolved oxygen PY - 2012 SN - 0304-3800 SP - 14-27 ST - Oxythermal habitat parameters and identifying cisco refuge lakes in Minnesota under future climate scenarios using variable benchmark periods T2 - Ecological Modelling TI - Oxythermal habitat parameters and identifying cisco refuge lakes in Minnesota under future climate scenarios using variable benchmark periods VL - 232 ID - 26581 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jiang, Xiaoyan AU - Rauscher, Sara A. AU - Ringler, Todd D. AU - Lawrence, David M. AU - Williams, A. Park AU - Allen, Craig D. AU - Steiner, Allison L. AU - Cai, D. Michael AU - McDowell, Nate G. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00430.1 IS - 11 PY - 2013 SN - 0894-8755 1520-0442 SP - 3671-3687 ST - Projected future changes in vegetation in western North America in the twenty-first century T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Projected future changes in vegetation in western North America in the twenty-first century VL - 26 ID - 22597 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Jiménez Cisneros, B. E. AU - Oki, T. AU - Arnell, N. W. AU - Benito, G. AU - Cogley, J. G. AU - Döll, P. AU - Jiang, T. AU - Mwakalila, S. S. C4 - 6803082a-84bc-47bb-bf9c-2a110f93fbb0 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 3 SP - 229-269 ST - Freshwater resources T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Freshwater resources ID - 17685 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We formulate a generation expansion planning problem to determine the type and quantity of power plants to be constructed over each year of an extended planning horizon, considering uncertainty regarding future demand and fuel prices. Our model is expressed as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer program, which we use to compute solutions independently minimizing the expected cost and the Conditional Value-at-Risk; i.e., the risk of significantly larger-than-expected operational costs. We introduce stochastic process models to capture demand and fuel price uncertainty, which are in turn used to generate trees that accurately represent the uncertainty space. Using a realistic problem instance based on the Midwest US, we explore two fundamental, unexplored issues that arise when solving any stochastic generation expansion model. First, we introduce and discuss the use of an algorithm for computing confidence intervals on obtained solution costs, to account for the fact that a finite sample of scenarios was used to obtain a particular solution. Second, we analyze the nature of solutions obtained under different parameterizations of this method, to assess whether the recommended solutions themselves are invariant to changes in costs. The issues are critical for decision makers who seek truly robust recommendations for generation expansion planning. AU - Jin, Shan AU - Ryan, Sarah M. AU - Watson, Jean-Paul AU - Woodruff, David L. DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s12667-011-0042-9 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2011 SN - 1868-3975 SP - 209-242 ST - Modeling and solving a large-scale generation expansion planning problem under uncertainty T2 - Energy Systems TI - Modeling and solving a large-scale generation expansion planning problem under uncertainty VL - 2 ID - 25429 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The area burned by Southern California wildfires has increased in recent decades, with implications for human health, infrastructure, and ecosystem management. Meteorology and fuel structure are universally recognized controllers of wildfire, but their relative importance, and hence the efficacy of abatement and suppression efforts, remains controversial. Southern California’s wildfires can be partitioned by meteorology: fires typically occur either during Santa Ana winds (SA fires) in October through April, or warm and dry periods in June through September (non-SA fires). Previous work has not quantitatively distinguished between these fire regimes when assessing economic impacts or climate change influence. Here we separate five decades of fire perimeters into those coinciding with and without SA winds. The two fire types contributed almost equally to burned area, yet SA fires were responsible for 80% of cumulative 1990–2009 economic losses ($3.1 Billion). The damage disparity was driven by fire characteristics: SA fires spread three times faster, occurred closer to urban areas, and burned into areas with greater housing values. Non-SA fires were comparatively more sensitive to age-dependent fuels, often occurred in higher elevation forests, lasted for extended periods, and accounted for 70% of total suppression costs. An improved distinction of fire type has implications for future projections and management. The area burned in non-SA fires is projected to increase 77% (±43%) by the mid-21st century with warmer and drier summers, and the SA area burned is projected to increase 64% (±76%), underscoring the need to evaluate the allocation and effectiveness of suppression investments. AU - Jin, Yufang AU - Goulden, Michael L. AU - Faivre, Nicolas AU - Veraverbeke, Sander AU - Sun, Fengpeng AU - Hall, Alex AU - Hand, Michael S. AU - Hook, Simon AU - Randerson, James T. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/094005 IS - 9 PY - 2015 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 094005 ST - Identification of two distinct fire regimes in Southern California: Implications for economic impact and future change T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Identification of two distinct fire regimes in Southern California: Implications for economic impact and future change VL - 10 ID - 23679 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat and drought are two emerging climatic threats to the US maize and soybean production, yet their impacts on yields are collectively determined by the magnitude of climate change and rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This study quantifies the combined and separate impacts of high temperature, heat and drought stresses on the current and future US rainfed maize and soybean production and for the first time characterizes spatial shifts in the relative importance of individual stress. Crop yields are simulated using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM), driven by high-resolution (12 km) dynamically downscaled climate projections for 1995–2004 and 2085–2094. Results show that maize and soybean yield losses are prominent in the US Midwest by the late 21st century under both Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, and the magnitude of loss highly depends on the current vulnerability and changes in climate extremes. Elevated atmospheric CO2 partially but not completely offsets the yield gaps caused by climate extremes, and the effect is greater in soybean than in maize. Our simulations suggest that drought will continue to be the largest threat to US rainfed maize production under RCP4.5 and soybean production under both RCP scenarios, whereas high temperature and heat stress take over the dominant stress of drought on maize under RCP8.5. We also reveal that shifts in the geographic distributions of dominant stresses are characterized by the increase in concurrent stresses, especially for the US Midwest. These findings imply the importance of considering heat and drought stresses simultaneously for future agronomic adaptation and mitigation strategies, particularly for breeding programs and crop management. The modeling framework of partitioning the total effects of climate change into individual stress impacts can be applied to the study of other crops and agriculture systems. AU - Jin, Zhenong AU - Zhuang, Qianlai AU - Wang, Jiali AU - Archontoulis, Sotirios V. AU - Zobel, Zachary AU - Kotamarthi, Veerabhadra R. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13617 IS - 7 PY - 2017 SP - 2687-2704 ST - The combined and separate impacts of climate extremes on the current and future U.S. rainfed maize and soybean production under elevated CO2 T2 - Global Change Biology TI - The combined and separate impacts of climate extremes on the current and future U.S. rainfed maize and soybean production under elevated CO2 VL - 23 ID - 26583 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Suppliers are increasingly being asked to share information about their vulnerability to climate change and their strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Their responses vary widely. We theorize and empirically identify several factors associated with suppliers being especially willing to share this information with buyers, focusing on attributes of the buyers seeking this information and of the suppliers being asked to provide it. We test our hypotheses using data from the Carbon Disclosure Project's Supply Chain Program, a collaboration of multinational corporations requesting such information from thousands of suppliers in 49 countries. We find evidence that suppliers are more likely to share this information when requests from buyers are more prevalent, when buyers appear committed to using the information, when suppliers belong to more profitable industries, and when suppliers are located in countries with greenhouse gas regulations. We find evidence that these factors also influence the comprehensiveness of the information suppliers share and their willingness to share the information publicly. AU - Jira, Chonnikarn AU - Toffel, Michael W. DO - 10.1287/msom.1120.0420 IS - 4 KW - econometric analysis,empirical research,environmental operations,sustainable operations,quality management,supply chain management,risk management N1 - (Fern) PY - 2013 SP - 559-577 ST - Engaging supply chains in climate change T2 - Manufacturing & Service Operations Management TI - Engaging supply chains in climate change VL - 15 ID - 22103 ER - TY - JOUR AU - JOC PY - 2013 SN - 15423867 ST - High water forces Upper Mississippi River closure T2 - Journal of Commerce TI - High water forces Upper Mississippi River closure VL - 4 June ID - 21303 ER - TY - JOUR AU - JOC PY - 2013 SN - 15423867 ST - North American rail traffic slips T2 - Journal of Commerce TI - North American rail traffic slips VL - 25 Apr ID - 21304 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Joglar, Rafael L. CY - San Juan, PR PB - Editorial del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña PY - 2005 SN - 0865816018 9780865816015 ST - Biodiversidad de Puerto Rico: Vertebrados terrestres y ecosistemas T2 - Serie de historia natural TI - Biodiversidad de Puerto Rico: Vertebrados terrestres y ecosistemas ID - 25087 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson, B. J. AU - Sukhdeo, M. V. K. DO - 10.1603/me12035 IS - 1 N1 - Ch4, 7 PY - 2013 SN - 00222585 00222585 SP - 195-204 ST - Drought-induced amplification of local and regional West Nile virus infection rates in New Jersey T2 - Journal of Medical Entomology TI - Drought-induced amplification of local and regional West Nile virus infection rates in New Jersey VL - 50 ID - 16127 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Johnson, Chris CY - Columbus, TX DA - October 29 PY - 2014 ST - Drought costs residents thousands T2 - The Colorado County [TX] Citizen TI - Drought costs residents thousands UR - http://www.coloradocountycitizen.com/news/article_2f564f5c-5ed5-11e4-a174-2f549c48a27e.html ID - 25800 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A northern range extension is presented here for the marsh fiddler crab Uca pugnax (Smith, 1870). In summer 2014, adult crabs were found as far north as Hampton, New Hampshire (42° 55′ 27″ N, 70° 49′ 13″W), which is 80 km north of its previously established northern limit determined in 2003. Thus, the mean annual northern movement of U. pugnax is currently $$7.2\,{\rm km \ year}^{-1}$$. I hypothesize that crabs recruited to the most northern sites during 2012 or 2013 when ocean temperatures were up to 1.3°C higher than the average of the previous decade. In a scenario of continued warming oceans associated with climate change, the range of U. pugnax is thus predicted to continue to extend northward. Given that fiddler crabs are ecosystem engineers affecting coastal wetland productivity, biogeochemistry and sediment structure, the introduction of this species into northern salt marshes may have consequences for marsh structure and function. AU - Johnson, David Samuel DO - 10.1163/1937240X-00002268 IS - 5 PY - 2014 SN - 0278-0372 SP - 671-673 ST - Fiddler on the roof: A northern range extension for the marsh fiddler crab Uca Pugnax T2 - Journal of Crustacean Biology TI - Fiddler on the roof: A northern range extension for the marsh fiddler crab Uca Pugnax VL - 34 ID - 25716 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Worldwide, climate-change is shifting species distributions poleward. Here I present recent (2012-2014) observations of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidusRathbun, 1896, in the Gulf of Maine (GoM), north of its historical range of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. To test the hypothesis of a climate-driven range expansion, I examined near-surface ocean temperatures. On average, ocean temperatures in the GoM in summer 2012 and 2013 were up to $$1.3^\circ{\rm{C}}$$ higher than the average of the previous decade, suggesting that warmer waters may have promoted the recruitment of C. sapidus to the GoM. Previous ephemeral populations of C. sapidus in the Gulf of Maine have been reported since the 1860s. Recent observations and continued warming in the northwest Atlantic may signal a permanent poleward expansion of C. sapidus into the GoM. If so, then a key goal for ecologists and managers will be to understand the effect of C. sapidus on GoM food-webs and fisheries. AU - Johnson, David Samuel DO - 10.1163/1937240X-00002293 IS - 1 N1 - 10.1163/1937240X-00002293 PY - 2015 SN - 0278-0372 SP - 105-110 ST - The savory swimmer swims north: A northern range extension of the blue crab Callinectes Sapidus? T2 - Journal of Crustacean Biology TI - The savory swimmer swims north: A northern range extension of the blue crab Callinectes Sapidus? VL - 35 ID - 25715 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerdardii Vitman) are potential bioenergy feedstocks. Perennial grasses managed as bioenergy feedstock require nitrogenous inputs, which can cause N2O emission and, thereby, alter their effectiveness to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Few studies have measured N2O emission from perennial grasses managed as feedstock. The objectives of this study were to compare N2O flux and soil organic C (SOC) storage between (i) grasses with legume companion crops or with nitrogenous fertilizer, (ii) two grass harvest times (autumn and spring), and (iii) perennial systems and corn (Zea maize L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (C–S) rotation, all without tillage. Nitrous oxide flux was measured from May 2009 to May 2012, and SOC was measured in 2000, 2006, and 2011. Big bluestem–clover (Dalea) and switchgrass–clover treatments had dramatically reduced annual N2O emissions and yield-scaled emissions compared with the respective grasses with urea fertilizer. Cumulative N2O emission was 14 to 40% greater in the big bluestem-spring and switchgrass-spring treatments compared with respective autumn-harvested treatments. The average cumulative emission in fertilized big bluestem and switchgrass treatments (18.5 kg N2O-N ha-1) exceeded that of the C–S rotation (12.7 kg N2O-N ha-1). The emission factor (EF) for fertilized grasses averaged 2.5%, corn averaged 1.05%, and C–S rotation averaged 1.9%. The SOC storage by perennial grasses was limited to 0 to 5 cm and thus may not be adequate to offset N2O emission. Nitrogen management refinement is recommended for herbaceous perennials to optimize biomass production and minimize N2O emission. AU - Johnson, Jane M. F. AU - Barbour, Nancy W. DO - 10.2136/sssaj2015.12.0436 IS - 4 LA - English PY - 2016 SP - 1057-1070 ST - Nitrous oxide emission and soil carbon sequestration from herbaceous perennial biofuel feedstocks T2 - Soil Science Society of America Journal TI - Nitrous oxide emission and soil carbon sequestration from herbaceous perennial biofuel feedstocks VL - 80 ID - 25556 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Corn’s (Zea mays L.) stover is a potential nonfood, herbaceous bioenergy feedstock. A vital aspect of utilizing stover for bioenergy production is to establish sustainable harvest criteria that avoid exacerbating soil erosion or degrading soil organic carbon (SOC) levels. Our goal is to empirically estimate the minimum residue return rate required to sustain SOC levels at numerous locations and to identify which macroscale factors affect empirical estimates. Minimum residue return rate is conceptually useful, but only if the study is of long enough duration and a relationship between the rate of residue returned and the change in SOC can be measured. About one third of the Corn Stover Regional Partnership team (Team) sites met these criteria with a minimum residue return rate of 3.9 ± 2.18 Mg stover ha−1 yr−1, n = 6. Based on the Team and published corn-based data (n = 35), minimum residue return rate was 6.38 ± 2.19 Mg stover ha−1 yr−1, while including data from other cropping systems (n = 49), the rate averaged 5.74 ± 2.36 Mg residue ha−1 yr−1. In broad general terms, keeping about 6 Mg residue ha−1 yr−1 maybe a useful generic rate as a point of discussion; however, these analyses refute that a generic rate represents a universal target on which to base harvest recommendations at a given site. Empirical data are needed to calibrate, validate, and refine process-based models so that valid sustainable harvest rate guidelines are provided to producers, industry, and action agencies. AU - Johnson, Jane M. F. AU - Novak, Jeff M. AU - Varvel, Gary E. AU - Stott, Diane E. AU - Osborne, Shannon L. AU - Karlen, Douglas L. AU - Lamb, John A. AU - Baker, John AU - Adler, Paul R. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s12155-013-9402-8 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1939-1242 SP - 481-490 ST - Crop residue mass needed to maintain soil organic carbon levels: Can it be determined? T2 - BioEnergy Research TI - Crop residue mass needed to maintain soil organic carbon levels: Can it be determined? VL - 7 ID - 25557 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson, Jennifer S. AU - Nobmann, Elizabeth D. AU - Asay, Elvin AU - Lanier, Anne P. DA - 2009/04/01 DO - 10.3402/ijch.v68i2.18320 IS - 2 PY - 2009 SN - null SP - 109-122 ST - Dietary intake of Alaska Native people in two regions and implications for health: The Alaska Native Dietary and Subsistence Food Assessment Project T2 - International Journal of Circumpolar Health TI - Dietary intake of Alaska Native people in two regions and implications for health: The Alaska Native Dietary and Subsistence Food Assessment Project VL - 68 ID - 24935 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson, T. AU - Butcher, J. AU - Deb, D. AU - Faizullabhoy, M. AU - Hummel, P. AU - Kittle, J. AU - McGinnis, S. AU - Mearns, L. O. AU - Nover, D. AU - Parker, A. AU - Sarkar, S. AU - Srinivasan, R. AU - Tuppad, P. AU - Warren, M. AU - Weaver, C. AU - Witt, J. DO - 10.1111/1752-1688.12308 IS - 5 KW - climate change urban and residential development streamflow water quality sensitivity assessment Soil and Water Assessment Tool PY - 2015 SN - 1752-1688 SP - 1321-1341 ST - Modeling streamflow and water quality sensitivity to climate change and urban development in 20 U.S. watersheds T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - Modeling streamflow and water quality sensitivity to climate change and urban development in 20 U.S. watersheds VL - 51 ID - 21498 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Johnson, Terry AU - Gray, Glenn CY - Fairbanks, AK PB - Alaska Sea Grant PY - 2014 SP - 33 ST - Shaktoolik, Alaska: Climate Change Adaptation for an At-Risk Community. Adaptation Plan TI - Shaktoolik, Alaska: Climate Change Adaptation for an At-Risk Community. Adaptation Plan UR - https://seagrant.uaf.edu/map/climate/shaktoolik/index.php ID - 22229 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson, W. Carter AU - Millett, Bruce V. AU - Gilmanov, Tagir AU - Voldseth, Richard A. AU - Guntenspergen, Glenn R. AU - Naugle, David E. DA - 2005/10/01 DO - 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0863:VONPWT]2.0.CO;2 IS - 10 PY - 2005 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 863-872 ST - Vulnerability of northern prairie wetlands to climate change T2 - BioScience TI - Vulnerability of northern prairie wetlands to climate change VL - 55 Y2 - 2017/10/12 ID - 21643 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper reviews the findings of a 25-year project (1990–2015) that has examined the potential effects of climate change on the vegetation structure, hydrologic function, and biodiversity of wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America. The numerical modeling component of the project developed in phases, beginning with the building of a single basin model (WETSIM), followed by a multiple-basin model (WETLANDSCAPE-WLS), and ending with applications of a comprehensive WLS model to specific wetland issues: ecological thresholds and early detection of effects. Coincident with model development was the establishment of a long-term wetland monitoring field site (Orchid Meadows) that includes 18 years of continuous surface and groundwater data on a wetland complex. Also during the project, an intensive study of the historic climate of the PPR was conducted. Model simulations support the following conclusions: prairie wetlands are highly sensitive to climate change; a warmer climate without more precipitation will shrink the effective wetland area of the PPR and reduce waterfowl habitat; strong climatic gradients across the PPR, especially the strong east to west decline in precipitation, complicate the response of PPR wetlands to climate change and approaches to mitigation. AU - Johnson, W. Carter AU - Poiani, Karen A. DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s13157-016-0790-3 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1943-6246 SP - 273-285 ST - Climate change effects on prairie pothole wetlands: Findings from a twenty-five year numerical modeling project T2 - Wetlands TI - Climate change effects on prairie pothole wetlands: Findings from a twenty-five year numerical modeling project VL - 36 ID - 21614 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson, W. Carter AU - Werner, Brett AU - Guntenspergen, Glenn R. AU - Voldseth, Richard A. AU - Millett, Bruce AU - Naugle, David E. AU - Tulbure, Mirela AU - Carroll, Rosemary W. H. AU - Tracy, John AU - Olawsky, Craig DA - 2010/02/01 DO - 10.1525/bio.2010.60.2.7 IS - 2 PY - 2010 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 128-140 ST - Prairie wetland complexes as landscape functional units in a changing climate T2 - BioScience TI - Prairie wetland complexes as landscape functional units in a changing climate VL - 60 Y2 - 2017/10/12 ID - 21644 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnston, F.H. AU - Henderson, S.B. AU - Chen, Y. AU - Randerson, J.T. AU - Marlier, M. AU - DeFries, R.S. AU - Kinney, P. AU - Bowman, D.M.J.S. AU - Brauer, M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.1104422 IS - 5 PY - 2012 SN - 0091-6765 SP - 695-701 ST - Estimated global mortality attributable to smoke from landscape fires T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Estimated global mortality attributable to smoke from landscape fires VL - 120 ID - 13954 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Johnston, M. CY - Kelowna, B.C. DA - Oct 20-21 KW - added by ERG NV - #1: Responding to Fies and Storms PB - Saskatchewan Research Council PY - 2004 SP - 14 T2 - Fires, Storms and Pests--Crises in Our Urban Forests (6th Canadian Urban Forest Conference) TI - Impacts and adaptation for climate change in urban forests UR - http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.388.6766&rep=rep1&type=pdf ID - 23031 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnstone, J.A. AU - Dawson, T.E. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1073/pnas.0915062107 IS - 10 PY - 2010 SN - 1091-6490 SP - 4533-4538 ST - Climatic context and ecological implications of summer fog decline in the coast redwood region T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climatic context and ecological implications of summer fog decline in the coast redwood region VL - 107 ID - 13955 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Over the last century, northeast Pacific coastal sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and land-based surface air temperatures (SATs) display multidecadal variations associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, in addition to a warming trend of ∼0.5–1 °C. Using independent records of sea-level pressure (SLP), SST, and SAT, this study investigates northeast (NE) Pacific coupled atmosphere–ocean variability from 1900 to 2012, with emphasis on the coastal areas around North America. We use a linear stochastic time series model to show that the SST evolution around the NE Pacific coast can be explained by a combination of regional atmospheric forcing and ocean persistence, accounting for 63% of nonseasonal monthly SST variance (r = 0.79) and 73% of variance in annual means (r = 0.86). We show that SLP reductions and related atmospheric forcing led to century-long warming around the NE Pacific margins, with the strongest trends observed from 1910–1920 to 1940. NE Pacific circulation changes are estimated to account for more than 80% of the 1900–2012 linear warming in coastal NE Pacific SST and US Pacific northwest (Washington, Oregon, and northern California) SAT. An ensemble of climate model simulations run under the same historical radiative forcings fails to reproduce the observed regional circulation trends. These results suggest that natural internally generated changes in atmospheric circulation were the primary cause of coastal NE Pacific warming from 1900 to 2012 and demonstrate more generally that regional mechanisms of interannual and multidecadal temperature variability can also extend to century time scales. AU - Johnstone, James A. AU - Mantua, Nathan J. DA - October 7, 2014 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1318371111 IS - 40 PY - 2014 SP - 14360-14365 ST - Atmospheric controls on northeast Pacific temperature variability and change, 1900–2012 T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Atmospheric controls on northeast Pacific temperature variability and change, 1900–2012 VL - 111 ID - 20548 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jolly, W. Matt AU - Cochrane, Mark A. AU - Freeborn, Patrick H. AU - Holden, Zachary A. AU - Brown, Timothy J. AU - Williamson, Grant J. AU - Bowman, David M. J. S. DA - 07/14/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms8537 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SP - 7537 ST - Climate-induced variations in global wildfire danger from 1979 to 2013 T2 - Nature Communications TI - Climate-induced variations in global wildfire danger from 1979 to 2013 VL - 6 ID - 25451 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research AU - Jones, Andrew D. AU - Calvin, Katherine V. AU - Collins, William D. AU - Edmonds, James CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - May 27-30 DO - 10.2312/pik.2013.001 PY - 2013 SP - 462-469 T2 - Impacts World 2013 : International Conference on Climate Change Effects TI - Towards a more consistent treatment of land-use change within climate assessment ID - 25299 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Proposed climate mitigation measures do not account for direct biophysical climate impacts of land-use change (LUC), nor do the stabilization targets modeled for phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) representative concentration pathways (RCPs). To examine the significance of such effects on global and regional patterns of climate change, a baseline and an alternative scenario of future anthropogenic activity are simulated within the Integrated Earth System Model, which couples the Global Change Assessment Model, Global Land-Use Model, and Community Earth System Model. The alternative scenario has high biofuel utilization and approximately 50% less global forest cover than the baseline, standard RCP4.5 scenario. Both scenarios stabilize radiative forcing from atmospheric constituents at 4.5 W m−2 by 2100. Thus, differences between their climate predictions quantify the biophysical effects of LUC. Offline radiative transfer and land model simulations are also utilized to identify forcing and feedback mechanisms driving the coupled response. Boreal deforestation is found to strongly influence climate because of increased albedo coupled with a regional-scale water vapor feedback. Globally, the alternative scenario yields a twenty-first-century warming trend that is 0.5°C cooler than baseline, driven by a 1 W m−2 mean decrease in radiative forcing that is distributed unevenly around the globe. Some regions are cooler in the alternative scenario than in 2005. These results demonstrate that neither climate change nor actual radiative forcing is uniquely related to atmospheric forcing targets such as those found in the RCPs but rather depend on particulars of the socioeconomic pathways followed to meet each target. AU - Jones, Andrew D. AU - Collins, William D. AU - Edmonds, James AU - Torn, Margaret S. AU - Janetos, Anthony AU - Calvin, Katherine V. AU - Thomson, Allison AU - Chini, Louise P. AU - Mao, Jiafu AU - Shi, Xiaoying AU - Thornton, Peter AU - Hurtt, George C. AU - Wise, Marshall DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00377.1 IS - 11 KW - Atmosphere-land interaction,Climate change,Feedback,Forcing,Regional effects,Coupled models PY - 2013 SP - 3657-3670 ST - Greenhouse gas policy influences climate via direct effects of land-use change T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Greenhouse gas policy influences climate via direct effects of land-use change VL - 26 ID - 25271 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jones, Bryan AU - O’Neill, Brian C. AU - McDaniel, Larry AU - McGinnis, Seth AU - Mearns, Linda O. AU - Tebaldi, Claudia DA - 05/18/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2631 PY - 2015 SP - 652-655 ST - Future population exposure to US heat extremes T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Future population exposure to US heat extremes VL - 5 ID - 23541 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat waves are among the most dangerous climate-related hazards, and they are projected to increase in frequency and intensity over the coming century. Exposure to heat waves is a function of the spatial distribution of physical events and the corresponding population distribution, and future exposure will be impacted by changes in both distributions. Here, we project future exposure using ensembles of climate projections that account for the urban heat island effect, for two alternative emission scenarios (RCP4.5/RCP8.5) and two alternative population and urbanization (SSP3/SSP5) outcomes. We characterize exposure at the global, regional, and grid-cell level; estimate the exposure that would be avoided by mitigating future levels of climate change (to RCP4.5); and quantify the dependence of exposure on population outcomes. We find that climate change is a stronger determinant of exposure than demographic change in these scenarios, with a global reduction in exposure of over 50% under a lower emissions pathway, while a slower population growth pathway leads to roughly 30% less exposure. Exposure reduction varies at the regional level, but in almost all cases, the RCP remains more influential than the SSP. Uncertainty in outcomes is dominated by inter-annual variability in heat extremes (relative to variability across initial condition ensemble members). For some regions, this variability is large enough that a reduction in annual exposure is not guaranteed in each individual year by following the lower forcing pathway. Finally, we find that explicitly considering the urban heat island effect and separate urban and rural heat extremes and populations can substantially influence results, generally increasing projected exposure. AU - Jones, Bryan AU - Tebaldi, Claudia AU - O’Neill, Brian C. AU - Oleson, Keith AU - Gao, Jing DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2133-7 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 423-437 ST - Avoiding population exposure to heat-related extremes: Demographic change vs climate change T2 - Climatic Change TI - Avoiding population exposure to heat-related extremes: Demographic change vs climate change VL - 146 ID - 25322 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jones, B. M. AU - Grosse, G. AU - Arp, C. D. AU - Jones, M. C. AU - Walter Anthony, K. M. AU - Romanovsky, V. E. DO - 10.1029/2011JG001666 KW - Arctic carbon cycle drained basin lakes remote sensing thermokarst 0428 Carbon cycling 0708 Thermokarst 0710 Periglacial processes 0746 Lakes 0758 Remote sensing PY - 2011 SN - 2156-2202 SP - G00M03 ST - Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska VL - 116 ID - 22230 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jones, Benjamin M. AU - Kolden, Crystal A. AU - Jandt, Randi AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Urban, Frank AU - Arp, Christopher D. DA - 2009/08/01 DO - 10.1657/1938-4246-41.3.309 IS - 3 PY - 2009 SN - 1523-0430 SP - 309-316 ST - Fire behavior, weather, and burn severity of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River tundra fire, North Slope, Alaska T2 - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research TI - Fire behavior, weather, and burn severity of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River tundra fire, North Slope, Alaska VL - 41 Y2 - 2017/10/13 ID - 22231 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Williams, L.E. AU - Jones, G.V. C4 - cd6d6378-e215-4219-acad-88791b9a54eb CY - Belgium DO - 10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.689.2 PB - International Society for Horticultural Science PY - 2005 SN - 978-90-66057-18-0 SP - 41-60 ST - Climate change in the western United States growing regions T2 - Acta Hort. (ISHS). VII International Symposium on Grapevine Physiology and Biotechnology TI - Climate change in the western United States growing regions ID - 13966 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jones, H.P. AU - Hole, D.G. AU - Zavaleta, E.S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/nclimate1463 IS - 7 PY - 2012 SN - 1758-678X SP - 504-509 ST - Harnessing nature to help people adapt to climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Harnessing nature to help people adapt to climate change VL - 2 ID - 13967 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Jones, Krista L. AU - Poole, Geoffrey C. AU - Quaempts, Eric J. AU - O’Daniel, Scott AU - Beechie, Tim CY - Pendleton, OR PB - Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Department of Natural Resources (DNR) PY - 2008 SP - 31 ST - Umatilla River Vision TI - Umatilla River Vision UR - http://www.ykfp.org/par10/html/CTUIR%20DNR%20Umatilla%20River%20Vision%20100108.pdf ID - 26504 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate warming is expected to increase stream temperatures in mountainous regions of western North America, yet the degree to which future climate change may influence seasonal patterns of stream temperature is uncertain. In this study, a spatially explicit statistical model framework was integrated with empirical stream temperature data (approximately four million bi-hourly recordings) and high-resolution climate and land surface data to estimate monthly stream temperatures and potential change under future climate scenarios in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem, USA and Canada (72,000 km2). Moderate and extreme warming scenarios forecast increasing stream temperatures during spring, summer, and fall, with the largest increases predicted during summer (July, August, and September). Additionally, thermal regimes characteristic of current August temperatures, the warmest month of the year, may be exceeded during July and September, suggesting an earlier onset and extended duration of warm summer stream temperatures. Models estimate that the largest magnitude of temperature warming relative to current conditions may be observed during the shoulder months of winter (April and November). Summer stream temperature warming is likely to be most pronounced in glacial-fed streams where models predict the largest magnitude (> 50%) of change due to the loss of alpine glaciers. We provide the first broad-scale analysis of seasonal climate effects on spatiotemporal patterns of stream temperature in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem for better understanding climate change impacts on freshwater habitats and guiding conservation and climate adaptation strategies. AU - Jones, Leslie A. AU - Muhlfeld, Clint C. AU - Marshall, Lucy A. DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2060-7 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 641-655 ST - Projected warming portends seasonal shifts of stream temperatures in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem, USA and Canada T2 - Climatic Change TI - Projected warming portends seasonal shifts of stream temperatures in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem, USA and Canada VL - 144 ID - 25936 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jones, Michael L. AU - Shuter, Brian J. AU - Zhao, Yingming AU - Stockwell, Jason D. DA - 2006/02/01 DO - 10.1139/f05-239 IS - 2 PY - 2006 SN - 0706-652X SP - 457-468 ST - Forecasting effects of climate change on Great Lakes fisheries: Models that link habitat supply to population dynamics can help T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences TI - Forecasting effects of climate change on Great Lakes fisheries: Models that link habitat supply to population dynamics can help VL - 63 Y2 - 2017/09/19 ID - 21197 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We estimated the biological and economic impacts of climate change on freshwater fisheries in the United States (U.S.). Changes in stream temperatures, flows, and the spatial extent of suitable thermal habitats for fish guilds were modeled for the coterminous U.S. using a range of projected changes in temperature and precipitation caused by increased greenhouse gases (GHGs). Based on modeled shifts in available thermal habitat for fish guilds, we estimated potential economic impacts associated with changes in freshwater recreational fishing using a national-scale economic model of recreational fishing behavior. In general, the spatial distribution of coldwater fisheries is projected to contract, being replaced by warm/cool water and high-thermally tolerant, lower recreational priority (i.e., “rough”) fisheries. Changes in thermal habitat suitability become more pronounced under higher emissions scenarios and at later time periods. Under the highest GHG emissions scenario, by year 2100 habitat for coldwater fisheries is projected to decline by roughly 50 % and be largely confined to mountainous areas in the western U.S. and very limited areas of New England and the Appalachians. The economic model projects a decline in coldwater fishing days ranging from 1.25 million in 2030 to 6.42 million by 2100 and that the total present value of national economic losses to freshwater recreational fishing from 2009 to 2100 could range from $81 million to $6.4 billion, depending on the emissions scenario and the choice of discount rate. AU - Jones, Russell AU - Travers, Constance AU - Rodgers, Charles AU - Lazar, Brian AU - English, Eric AU - Lipton, Joshua AU - Vogel, Jason AU - Strzepek, Kenneth AU - Martinich, Jeremy DA - August 01 DO - 10.1007/s11027-012-9385-3 IS - 6 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1573-1596 SP - 731-758 ST - Climate change impacts on freshwater recreational fishing in the United States T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - Climate change impacts on freshwater recreational fishing in the United States VL - 18 ID - 24652 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We estimated the biological and economic impacts of climate change on freshwater fisheries in the United States (U.S.). Changes in stream temperatures, flows, and the spatial extent of suitable thermal habitats for fish guilds were modeled for the coterminous U.S. using a range of projected changes in temperature and precipitation caused by increased greenhouse gases (GHGs). Based on modeled shifts in available thermal habitat for fish guilds, we estimated potential economic impacts associated with changes in freshwater recreational fishing using a national-scale economic model of recreational fishing behavior. In general, the spatial distribution of coldwater fisheries is projected to contract, being replaced by warm/cool water and high-thermally tolerant, lower recreational priority (i.e., “rough”) fisheries. Changes in thermal habitat suitability become more pronounced under higher emissions scenarios and at later time periods. Under the highest GHG emissions scenario, by year 2100 habitat for coldwater fisheries is projected to decline by roughly 50 % and be largely confined to mountainous areas in the western U.S. and very limited areas of New England and the Appalachians. The economic model projects a decline in coldwater fishing days ranging from 1.25 million in 2030 to 6.42 million by 2100 and that the total present value of national economic losses to freshwater recreational fishing from 2009 to 2100 could range from $81 million to $6.4 billion, depending on the emissions scenario and the choice of discount rate. AU - Jones, Russell AU - Travers, Constance AU - Rodgers, Charles AU - Lazar, Brian AU - English, Eric AU - Lipton, Joshua AU - Vogel, Jason AU - Strzepek, Kenneth AU - Martinich, Jeremy DA - August 01 DO - 10.1007/s11027-012-9385-3 IS - 6 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1573-1596 SP - 731-758 ST - Climate change impacts on freshwater recreational fishing in the United States T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - Climate change impacts on freshwater recreational fishing in the United States VL - 18 ID - 26198 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Jones, R. N. AU - Patwardhan, A. AU - Cohen, S. J. AU - Dessai, S. AU - Lammel, A. AU - Lempert, R. J. AU - Mirza, M. M. Q. AU - von Storch, H. C4 - 7f8b90be-c5d1-43b5-8b7f-a485ef08c7ec CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 2 SP - 195-228 ST - Foundations for decision making T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Foundations for decision making ID - 17686 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Jones, Steve AU - Schuster, Brian AU - Mahoney, Jenny AU - Yu, Jong AU - Ellis, Crystal AU - Cooper, Vaughn AU - Whistler, Cheryl CY - Baltimore, Maryland DA - March 27–31, 2011 N1 - Abstract in Journal of Shellfish Research, v.30, n.2, p.519 PY - 2011 T2 - 103rd Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association TI - The occurrence, abundance, phylogeny and virulence potential of pathogenic Vibrio species in New Hampshire shellfish waters ID - 25923 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Southwestern North America (SWNA) is projected to become drier in the twenty-first century as both precipitation (P) and evaporation (E) rates change with increasing greenhouse gas concentration. The authors diagnose the relative contributions of changes in P and E to the local surface moisture balance (P − E) in cold and warm halves of the year across SWNA. Trends in P − E vary spatially between the arid southern subregion (mostly northern Mexico) and the more temperate northern subregion (southwest United States), although both subregions exhibit a negative trend in P − E (trending toward more arid conditions) in CMIP5 projections for the twenty-first century. The P − E trend is biggest in the cold season, when much of the base flow to rivers in the southwest United States is generated. The downward trend in cold season P − E across SWNA is caused primarily by increasing E in the north and decreasing P in the south. Decreasing P is the primary contributor to modest warm season drying trends in both northern and southern subregions. Also, P accounts for most of the interannual variability in SWNA P − E and is strongly correlated with modes of oceanic natural variability during the cold season. SWNA aridification is therefore most readily distinguished from the region’s large natural climate variability in the cold season in the northern subregion, where the projected temperature-driven increase in E is greater than the projected decrease in P. AU - Jones, Shannon M. AU - Gutzler, David S. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-14-00852.1 IS - 12 KW - Geographic location/entity,North America,Physical Meteorology and Climatology,Climate change,Water budget,Models and modeling,Climate models,Variability,Interannual variability,Trends PY - 2016 SP - 4637-4649 ST - Spatial and seasonal variations in aridification across southwest North America T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Spatial and seasonal variations in aridification across southwest North America VL - 29 ID - 23797 ER - TY - THES AU - Jones, Thomas Elisha CY - Tucson, AZ PB - University of Arizona PY - 2016 SP - 144 ST - Analysis of the Barriers to Renewable Energy Development on Tribal Lands T2 - School of Natural Resources and the Environment TI - Analysis of the Barriers to Renewable Energy Development on Tribal Lands UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620678 VL - Ph.D. ID - 25352 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Jones, Thomas Elisha AU - Necefer, Len Edward CY - Albuquerque, NM and Livermore, CA PB - Sandia National Laboratories PY - 2016 SN - SAND2016-311J SP - 43 ST - Identifying Barriers and Pathways for Success for Renewable Energy Development on American Indian Lands TI - Identifying Barriers and Pathways for Success for Renewable Energy Development on American Indian Lands UR - https://www.energy.gov/indianenergy/downloads/identifying-barriers-and-pathways-success-renewable-energy-development ID - 25364 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jones, Warren D. PY - 1979 SN - 0734-3434 SP - 33-36 ST - Effects of the 1978 freeze on native plants of Sonora, Mexico T2 - Desert Plants TI - Effects of the 1978 freeze on native plants of Sonora, Mexico UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10150/528203 VL - 1 ID - 24332 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Joos, F. AU - Roth, R. AU - Fuglestvedt, J. S. AU - Peters, G. P. AU - Enting, I. G. AU - von Bloh, W. AU - Brovkin, V. AU - Burke, E. J. AU - Eby, M. AU - Edwards, N. R. AU - Friedrich, T. AU - Frölicher, T. L. AU - Halloran, P. R. AU - Holden, P. B. AU - Jones, C. AU - Kleinen, T. AU - Mackenzie, F. T. AU - Matsumoto, K. AU - Meinshausen, M. AU - Plattner, G. K. AU - Reisinger, A. AU - Segschneider, J. AU - Shaffer, G. AU - Steinacher, M. AU - Strassmann, K. AU - Tanaka, K. AU - Timmermann, A. AU - Weaver, A. J. DO - 10.5194/acp-13-2793-2013 IS - 5 PY - 2013 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 2793-2825 ST - Carbon dioxide and climate impulse response functions for the computation of greenhouse gas metrics: A multi-model analysis T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Carbon dioxide and climate impulse response functions for the computation of greenhouse gas metrics: A multi-model analysis VL - 13 ID - 20427 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wetlands support physical and ecological functions that result in valuable services to society, including removal of reactive nitrogen (Nr) from surface water and groundwater. We compiled published data from wetland studies worldwide to estimate total Nr removal and to evaluate factors that influence removal rates. Over several orders of magnitude in wetland area and Nr loading rates, there is a positive, near-linear relationship between Nr removal and Nr loading. The linear model (null hypothesis) explains the data better than either a model of declining Nr removal efficiency with increasing Nr loading, or a Michaelis–Menten (saturation) model. We estimate that total Nr removal by major classes of wetlands in the contiguous U.S. is approximately 20–21% of the total anthropogenic load of Nr to the region. Worldwide, Nr removal by wetlands is roughly 17% of anthropogenic Nr inputs. Historical loss of 50% of native wetland area suggests an equivalent loss of Nr removal capacity. Expanded protection and large-scale restoration of wetlands should be considered in strategies to re-balance the global nitrogen cycle and mitigate the negative consequences of excess Nr loading. AU - Jordan, Stephen J. AU - Stoffer, Jonathan AU - Nestlerode, Janet A. DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s10021-010-9400-z IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2011 SN - 1435-0629 SP - 144-155 ST - Wetlands as sinks for reactive nitrogen at continental and global scales: A meta-analysis T2 - Ecosystems TI - Wetlands as sinks for reactive nitrogen at continental and global scales: A meta-analysis VL - 14 ID - 26199 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jorgenson, M. Torre AU - Harden, Jennifer AU - Kanevskiy, Mikhail AU - O'Donnell, Jonathan AU - Wickland, Kim AU - Ewing, Stephanie AU - Manies, Kristen AU - Zhuang, Qianlai AU - Shur, Yuri AU - Striegl, Robert AU - Koch, Josh DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035017 IS - 3 PY - 2013 SP - 035017 ST - Reorganization of vegetation, hydrology and soil carbon after permafrost degradation across heterogeneous boreal landscapes  T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Reorganization of vegetation, hydrology and soil carbon after permafrost degradation across heterogeneous boreal landscapes  VL - 8 ID - 22233 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Kane, D.L. A2 - Hinkel, K.M. AU - Jorgenson, T. AU - Yoshikawa, K. AU - Kanevskiy, M. AU - Shur, Y. AU - Romanovsky, V. AU - Marchenko, S. AU - Grosse, G. AU - Brown, J. AU - Jones, B. C4 - 99fa6ed1-4d1b-4d55-b46f-c7f31b851147 CY - Fairbanks, AK KW - forestry; permafrost PB - University of Alaska Fairbanks PY - 2008 SP - 121-123 ST - Permafrost characteristics of Alaska T2 - Extended Abstracts of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, June 29-July 3, 2008 TI - Permafrost characteristics of Alaska UR - http://permafrost.gi.alaska.edu/sites/default/files/AlaskaPermafrostMap_Front_Dec2008_Jorgenson_etal_2008.pdf ID - 13974 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It has been widely hypothesized that a warmer climate in Greenland would increase the volume of lubricating surface meltwater reaching the ice-bedrock interface, accelerating ice flow and increasing mass loss. We have assembled a data set that provides a synoptic-scale view, spanning ice-sheet to outlet-glacier flow, with which to evaluate this hypothesis. On the ice sheet, these data reveal summer speedups (50 to 100%) consistent with, but somewhat larger than, earlier observations. The relative speedup of outlet glaciers, however, is far smaller (<15%). Furthermore, the dominant seasonal influence on Jakobshavn Isbrae's flow is the calving front's annual advance and retreat. With other effects producing outlet-glacier speedups an order of magnitude larger, seasonal melt's influence on ice flow is likely confined to those regions dominated by ice-sheet flow.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/320/5877/781.full.pdf AU - Joughin, Ian AU - Das, Sarah B. AU - King, Matt A. AU - Smith, Ben E. AU - Howat, Ian M. AU - Moon, Twila DO - 10.1126/science.1153288 IS - 5877 PY - 2008 SP - 781-783 ST - Seasonal speedup along the western flank of the Greenland Ice Sheet T2 - Science TI - Seasonal speedup along the western flank of the Greenland Ice Sheet VL - 320 ID - 19835 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is particularly vulnerable to ocean warming-induced collapse. The Thwaites Glacier of West Antarctica is one of the largest WAIS regional contributors to sea level rise, and has been considered to be potentially unstable for many years. Joughin et al. (p. 735) used a combination of a numerical model and observations of its recent geometry and movement to investigate the stability of the Thwaites Glacier. The glacier has already entered the early stages of collapse, and rapid and irreversible collapse is likely in the next 200 to 1000 years. Resting atop a deep marine basin, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has long been considered prone to instability. Using a numerical model, we investigated the sensitivity of Thwaites Glacier to ocean melt and whether its unstable retreat is already under way. Our model reproduces observed losses when forced with ocean melt comparable to estimates. Simulated losses are moderate (<0.25 mm per year at sea level) over the 21st century but generally increase thereafter. Except possibly for the lowest-melt scenario, the simulations indicate that early-stage collapse has begun. Less certain is the time scale, with the onset of rapid (>1 mm per year of sea-level rise) collapse in the different simulations within the range of 200 to 900 years.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/344/6185/735.full.pdf AU - Joughin, Ian AU - Smith, Benjamin E. AU - Medley, Brooke DO - 10.1126/science.1249055 IS - 6185 PY - 2014 SP - 735-738 ST - Marine ice sheet collapse potentially under way for the Thwaites Glacier Basin, West Antarctica T2 - Science TI - Marine ice sheet collapse potentially under way for the Thwaites Glacier Basin, West Antarctica VL - 344 ID - 19426 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Joyce, Linda A. AU - Briske, David D. AU - Brown, Joel R. AU - Polley, H. Wayne AU - McCarl, Bruce A. AU - Bailey, Derek W. DA - 2013/09/01/ DO - 10.2111/REM-D-12-00142.1 IS - 5 KW - carbon sequestration land change science social-ecological systems social learning sustainability transformation PY - 2013 SN - 1550-7424 SP - 512-528 ST - Climate change and North American rangelands: Assessment of mitigation and adaptation strategies T2 - Rangeland Ecology & Management TI - Climate change and North American rangelands: Assessment of mitigation and adaptation strategies VL - 66 ID - 21589 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Joyce, Linda A. AU - Running, Steven W. AU - Breshears, David D. AU - Dale, Virginia H. AU - Malmsheimer, Robert W. AU - Sampson, R. Neil AU - Sohngen, Brent AU - Woodall, Christopher W. C4 - 212b019e-f046-40a4-bc19-5e752527fb1c CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0Z60KZC PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 175-194 ST - Ch. 7: Forests T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 7: Forests ID - 13978 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Juanes, Francis AU - Gephard, Stephen AU - Beland, Kenneth F. C6 - NCA DA - 2004/12/01 DO - 10.1139/f04-207 IS - 12 PY - 2004 SN - 0706-652X SP - 2392-2400 ST - Long-term changes in migration timing of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at the southern edge of the species distribution T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences TI - Long-term changes in migration timing of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at the southern edge of the species distribution VL - 61 Y2 - 2013/11/13 ID - 13979 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Judge, Jenna AU - Newkirk, Sarah AU - Leo, Kelly AU - Heady, Walter AU - Hayden, Maya AU - Veloz, Sam AU - Cheng, Tiffany AU - Battalio, Bob AU - Ursell, Tara AU - Small, Mary CY - Arlington, VA PB - The Nature Conservancy PY - 2017 SP - 38 ST - Case Studies of Natural Shoreline Infrastructure in Coastal California: A Component of Identification of Natural Infrastructure Options for Adapting to Sea Level Rise (California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment) TI - Case Studies of Natural Shoreline Infrastructure in Coastal California: A Component of Identification of Natural Infrastructure Options for Adapting to Sea Level Rise (California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment) UR - http://scc.ca.gov/files/2017/11/tnc_Natural-Shoreline-Case-Study_hi.pdf ID - 26370 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rising temperatures and increasing drought severity linked to global climate change are negatively impacting forest growth and function at the equatorial range edge of species distributions. Rapid dieback and range retractions are predicted to occur in many areas as temperatures continue to rise. Despite widespread negative impacts at the ecosystem level, equatorial range edges are not well studied, and their responses to climate change are poorly understood. Effective monitoring of tree responses to climate in these regions is of critical importance in order to predict and manage threats to populations. Remote sensing of impacts on forests can be combined with ground-based assessment of environmental and ecological changes to identify populations most at risk. Modelling may be useful as a 'first-filter' to identify populations of concern but, together with many remote sensing methods, often lacks adequate resolution for application at the range edge. A multidisciplinary approach, combining remote observation with targeted ground-based monitoring of local susceptible and resistant populations, is therefore required. Once at-risk regions have been identified, management can be adapted to reduce immediate risks in priority populations, and promote long-term adaptation to change. However, management to protect forest ecosystem function may be preferable where the maintenance of historical species assemblages is no longer viable. AU - Jump, Alistair S. AU - Cavin, Liam AU - Hunter, Peter D. DO - 10.1039/B923773A IS - 10 M3 - 10.1039/B923773A PY - 2010 SN - 1464-0325 SP - 1791-1798 ST - Monitoring and managing responses to climate change at the retreating range edge of forest trees T2 - Journal of Environmental Monitoring TI - Monitoring and managing responses to climate change at the retreating range edge of forest trees VL - 12 ID - 21165 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jump, Alistair S. AU - Mátyás, Csaba AU - Peñuelas, Josep C6 - NCA DA - Dec DO - 10.1016/j.tree.2009.06.007 IS - 12 PY - 2009 SN - 0169-5347 SP - 694-701 ST - The altitude-for-latitude disparity in the range retractions of woody species T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution TI - The altitude-for-latitude disparity in the range retractions of woody species VL - 24 ID - 13982 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jung, Thomas S AU - Frandsen, Jay AU - Gordon, Danny C AU - Mossop, David H DO - 10.22621/cfn.v130i4.1927   IS - 4 PY - 2016 ST - Colonization of the Beaufort coastal plain by beaver (Castor canadensis): A response to shrubification of the tundra? T2 - Canadian Field-Naturalist TI - Colonization of the Beaufort coastal plain by beaver (Castor canadensis): A response to shrubification of the tundra? VL - 130 ID - 22234 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jurjonas, Matthew AU - Seekamp, Erin DA - 2018/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.10.010 KW - Adaptive capacity Sea level rise Saltwater intrusion Natural hazards Flooding PY - 2018 SN - 0964-5691 SP - 137-150 ST - Rural coastal community resilience: Assessing a framework in eastern North Carolina T2 - Ocean & Coastal Management TI - Rural coastal community resilience: Assessing a framework in eastern North Carolina VL - 162 ID - 26316 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We examine the mesoscale structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), low-level circulation, and trade wind convection over the sub-tropical island of Puerto Rico in mid-summer. Shallow afternoon thunderstorms are frequently seen over the western plains of the island. Observational data include automatic weather station measurements, radiosonde profiles, infrared satellite images, and mesoscale reanalysis data with a focus on the summer of 2006. Satellite microwave radar data (TRMM and CloudSat) indicate that island clouds typically extend just above the −20°C level during afternoon hours with reflectivity values reaching 50 dBz. A singular value decomposition of 3-hourly high resolution satellite rainfall maps reveals an island mode. From this a composite is constructed for a group of ten cases. With a Froude number ≈1 the trade winds pass over the mountains and standing vortices and gravity waves are trapped in the meandering wake. The Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model at 1-km resolution with 51 vertical layers is used to simulate the short-lived thunderstorms for two cases: 27 June and 20 July 2006. The model correctly locates the convective cells that develop between 1400 and 1700 LST. The shallow afternoon thunderstorms are triggered by surface heat fluxes, confluent sea breezes and a mountain wake. Recommendations for enhanced observations are given. AU - Jury, Mark R. AU - Chiao, Sen AU - Harmsen, Eric W. DA - August 01 DO - 10.1007/s10546-009-9393-3 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2009 SN - 1573-1472 SP - 289-313 ST - Mesoscale structure of trade wind convection over Puerto Rico: Composite observations and numerical simulation T2 - Boundary-Layer Meteorology TI - Mesoscale structure of trade wind convection over Puerto Rico: Composite observations and numerical simulation VL - 132 ID - 25035 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Justić, Dubravko AU - Legović, Tarzan AU - Rottini-Sandrini, Laura DA - 1987/10/01 DO - 10.1016/0272-7714(87)90035-7 IS - 4 KW - oxygen content long-term changes surface bottom regression analysis benthic organisms Adriatic Sea PY - 1987 SN - 0272-7714 SP - 435-445 ST - Trends in oxygen content 1911–1984 and occurrence of benthic mortality in the northern Adriatic Sea T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science TI - Trends in oxygen content 1911–1984 and occurrence of benthic mortality in the northern Adriatic Sea VL - 25 ID - 20028 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Kabisch, Nadja A2 - Korn, Horst A2 - Stadler, Jutta A2 - Bonn, Aletta AB - Climate change presents one of the greatest challenges to society today. Effects on nature and people are first experienced in cities as cities form microcosms with extreme temperature gradients, and by now, about half of the human population globally lives in urban areas. Climate change has significant impact on ecosystem functioning and well-being of people. Climatic stress leads to a decrease in the distribution of typical native species and influences society through health-related effects and socio-economic impacts by increased numbers of heat waves, droughts and flooding events. In addition to climate change, urbanisation and the accompanying increases in the number and size of cities are impacting ecosystems with a number of interlinked pressures. These pressures include loss and degradation of natural areas, soil sealing and the densification of built-up areas, which pose additional significant challenges to ecosystem functionality, the provision of ecosystem services and human well-being in cities around the world. However, nature-based solutions have the potential to counteract these pressures. Nature-based solutions (NBS) can foster and simplify implementation actions in urban landscapes by taking into account the services provided by nature. They include provision of urban green such as parks and street trees that may ameliorate high temperature in cities or regulate air and water flows or the allocation of natural habitat space in floodplains that may buffer impacts of flood events. Architectural solutions for buildings, such as green roofs and wall installations, may reduce temperature and save energy. This book brings together experts from science, policy and practice to provide an overview of our current state of knowledge on the effectiveness and implementation of nature-based solutions and their potential to the provision of ecosystem services, for climate change adaptation and co-benefits in urban areas. Scientific evidence to climate change adaptation is presented, and a further focus is on the potential of nature-based approaches to accelerate urban sustainability transitions and create additional, multiple health and social benefits. The book discusses socio-economic implications in relation to socio-economic equity, fairness and justice considerations when implementing NBS. AU - Kabisch, Nadja AU - Korn, Horst AU - Stadler, Jutta AU - Bonn, Aletta C4 - 85c390fe-4d9b-4713-95d1-2e6b83c01478 CY - Cham DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-56091-5_1 PB - Springer International Publishing PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-319-56091-5 SP - 1-11 ST - Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation in urban areas—Linkages between science, policy and practice T2 - Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas: Linkages between Science, Policy and Practice TI - Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation in urban areas—Linkages between science, policy and practice ID - 25321 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kachergis, Emily AU - Derner, Justin D. AU - Cutts, Bethany B. AU - Roche, Leslie M. AU - Eviner, Valerie T. AU - Lubell, Mark N. AU - Tate, Kenneth W. C7 - art77 DO - 10.1890/ES13-00402.1 IS - 6 KW - adaptive capacity agricultural policy climate variability ecosystem services fragmentation livestock production mixed-grass prairie ranchers resilience sagebrush steppe Wyoming, USA PY - 2014 SN - 2150-8925 SP - 1-14 ST - Increasing flexibility in rangeland management during drought T2 - Ecosphere TI - Increasing flexibility in rangeland management during drought VL - 5 ID - 21590 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kahle, Juliette J. AU - Neas, Lucas M. AU - Devlin, Robert B. AU - Case, Martin W. AU - Schmitt, Michael T. AU - Madden, Michael C. AU - Diaz-Sanchez, David DO - 10.1289/ehp.1307986 PY - 2015 SP - 310-316 ST - Interaction effects of temperature and ozone on lung function and markers of systemic inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis: A crossover study of healthy young volunteers T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Interaction effects of temperature and ozone on lung function and markers of systemic inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis: A crossover study of healthy young volunteers VL - 123 ID - 24259 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kais, Shaikh Mohammad AU - Islam, Md Saidul DO - 10.3390/ijerph13121211 IS - 12 PY - 2016 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 1211 ST - Community capitals as community resilience to climate change: Conceptual connections T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Community capitals as community resilience to climate change: Conceptual connections VL - 13 ID - 24651 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaiser-Bunbury, Christopher N. AU - Mougal, James AU - Whittington, Andrew E. AU - Valentin, Terence AU - Gabriel, Ronny AU - Olesen, Jens M. AU - Blüthgen, Nico DA - 01/30/online DO - 10.1038/nature21071 PY - 2017 SP - 223-227 ST - Ecosystem restoration strengthens pollination network resilience and function T2 - Nature TI - Ecosystem restoration strengthens pollination network resilience and function VL - 542 ID - 26584 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaján, Eva AU - Saarinen, Jarkko DA - 2013/03/01 DO - 10.1080/13683500.2013.774323 IS - 2 PY - 2013 SN - 1368-3500 SP - 167-195 ST - Tourism, climate change and adaptation: a review T2 - Current Issues in Tourism TI - Tourism, climate change and adaptation: a review VL - 16 ID - 21765 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kalafatis, Scott E. AU - Grace, Ashlee AU - Gibbons, Elizabeth DA - 2015/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2015.04.003 KW - Boundary organizations Boundary chains Usable science Mainstreaming climate change adaptation Policy entrepreneurs PY - 2015 SN - 2212-0963 SP - 30-40 ST - Making climate science accessible in Toledo: The linked boundary chain approach T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - Making climate science accessible in Toledo: The linked boundary chain approach VL - 9 ID - 21129 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The development of climate change policy in cities has been closely tied to the efforts of particular individuals, policy entrepreneurs. However, there is still much we do not know about the conditions underlying the emergence and spread of policy entrepreneurship both generally and in support of climate change policies specifically. In this paper, we shed light on these issues using data from 371 mid-sized cities throughout the Great Lakes region of the USA. Building upon scholarship from the public choice literature, we explore the role that fragmentation, that is, the number of independent but connected governmental units both within the city itself as well as in the city’s regional metropolitan or micropolitan area play in explaining the emergence of climate entrepreneurship. We show that not only does fragmentation at both of these levels help predict the emergence of climate change entrepreneurs in individual cities, but also exchanges between these levels could drive the rapid development of policy entrepreneurship and related policy innovations throughout urban systems. AU - Kalafatis, Scott E. AU - Lemos, Maria Carmen DA - August 01 DO - 10.1007/s10113-017-1154-0 IS - 6 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1436-378X SP - 1791-1799 ST - The emergence of climate change policy entrepreneurs in urban regions T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - The emergence of climate change policy entrepreneurs in urban regions VL - 17 ID - 21323 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is likely to increase the frequency and intensity of water-related hazards on human populations. This has generated security concerns and calls for urgent policy action. However, the simplified narrative that links climate change to security via water and violent conflict is wanting. First, it is not confirmed by empirical evidence. Second, it ignores the varied character and implications of hydro-climatic hazards, the multi-faceted nature of conflict and adaptive action, and crucial intricacies of security. Integrating for the first time research and findings from diverse disciplines, we provide a more nuanced picture of the climate-water-security nexus. We consider findings from the transboundary waters, armed conflict, vulnerability, and political ecology literatures and specify the implications and priorities for policy relevant research. Although the social effects of future hydro-climatic change cannot be safely predicted, there is a good understanding of the factors that aggravate risks to social wellbeing. To reduce vulnerability, pertinent democratic and social/civil security institutions should be strengthened where they exist, and promoted where they are still absent. AU - Kallis, Giorgos AU - Zografos, Christos DA - 2014/03/01/ DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0893-2 DP - link.springer.com IS - 1 LA - en PY - 2014 SN - 0165-0009, 1573-1480 SP - 69-82 ST - Hydro-climatic change, conflict and security T2 - Climatic Change TI - Hydro-climatic change, conflict and security VL - 123 Y2 - 2017/09/26/01:09:04 ID - 22457 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kalnay, Eugenia AU - Cai, Ming DA - 05/29/print DO - 10.1038/nature01675 IS - 6939 PY - 2003 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 528-531 ST - Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate T2 - Nature TI - Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate VL - 423 ID - 20346 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We examine trends and variability in low flows over the eastern U.S. (S. Carolina to Maine) and their attribution in a changing climate. We select 149 out of 4878 USGS stations over the eastern U.S., taking into account data availability and minimal direct management. Annual 7-day low flows (Q7) are computed from the series of daily streamflow records for 1962–2011 and compared to an antecedent precipitation (AP) index calculated over the corresponding basin for each station. In general, a north–south (increasing-decreasing) dipole pattern in low flow trends is associated with trends in AP. The exception is in the southern part of the study area including Virginia and the Carolinas, where moderate increasing trends in AP may have been offset by water withdrawals and increasing potential evapotranspiration (PET) as driven by increasing temperature and vapor pressure deficit. A principal component analysis (PCA) of Q7 and AP indicates that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific North America (PNA) pattern show statistically significant correlations for Q7 at 1 and 2 month lead time, respectively, via large-scale pressure patterns. Our findings suggest that the inter-annual variability of low flows has increased due to significant anti-correlation between the NAO and PNA during recent decades, and the future risk of low flow extremes may be further enhanced with temperature driven increases in PET and persistence of the multi-decadal relationship between NAO and PNA. AU - Kam, Jonghun AU - Sheffield, Justin DA - April 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-015-1574-0 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 639-653 ST - Changes in the low flow regime over the eastern United States (1962–2011): Variability, trends, and attributions T2 - Climatic Change TI - Changes in the low flow regime over the eastern United States (1962–2011): Variability, trends, and attributions VL - 135 ID - 21764 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kane, Joseph CY - Washington, DC PB - Brookings Institution PY - 2016 ST - Investing in Water: Comparing Utility Finances and Economic Concerns Across U.S. Cities TI - Investing in Water: Comparing Utility Finances and Economic Concerns Across U.S. Cities UR - https://www.brookings.edu/research/investing-in-water-comparing-utility-finances-and-economic-concerns-across-u-s-cities/ ID - 24207 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Increasing crop productivity to meet burgeoning human food demand is challenging under changing environmental conditions. Since industrial revolution atmospheric CO2 levels have linearly increased. Developing crop varieties with increased utilisation of CO2 for photosynthesis is an urgent requirement to cope with the irreversible rise of atmospheric CO2 and achieve higher food production. The primary effects of elevated CO2 levels in most crop plants, particularly C3 plants include increased biomass accumulation, although initial stimulation of net photosynthesis rate is only temporal and plants fail to sustain the maximal stimulation, a phenomenon known as photosynthesis acclimation. Despite this acclimation, grain yield is known to marginally increase under elevated CO2. The yield potential of C3 crops is limited by their capacity to exploit sufficient carbon. The “C fertilization” through elevated CO2 levels could potentially be used for substantial yield increase. Rubisco is the rate-limiting enzyme in photosynthesis and its activity is largely affected by atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen availability. In addition, maintenance of the C/N ratio is pivotal for various growth and development processes in plants governing yield and seed quality. For maximising the benefits of elevated CO2, raising plant nitrogen pools will be necessary as part of maintaining an optimal C/N balance. In this review, we discuss potential causes for the stagnation in yield increases under elevated CO2 levels and explore possibilities to overcome this limitation by improved photosynthetic capacity and enhanced nitrogen use efficiency. Opportunities of engineering nitrogen uptake, assimilatory, and responsive genes are also discussed that could ensure optimal nitrogen allocation towards expanding source and sink tissues. This might avert photosynthetic acclimation partially or completely and drive for improved crop production under elevated CO2 levels. AD - Dr Surya Kant,Department of Primary Industries,Biosciences Research Division,Horsham,3400,VIC,Australia,surya.kant@ecodev.vic.gov.au AU - Kant, Surya AU - Seneweera, Saman AU - Rodin, Joakim AU - Materne, Michael AU - Burch, David AU - Rothstein, Steven AU - Spangenberg, German DA - 2012-July-19 DO - 10.3389/fpls.2012.00162 IS - 162 KW - Photosynthesis,nitrogen use efficiency,Rubisco,Carbon,elevated CO2,yield LA - English M3 - Review PY - 2012 SN - 1664-462X ST - Improving yield potential in crops under elevated CO2: Integrating the photosynthetic and nitrogen utilization efficiencies T2 - Frontiers in Plant Science TI - Improving yield potential in crops under elevated CO2: Integrating the photosynthetic and nitrogen utilization efficiencies VL - 3 ID - 23544 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kao, Shih-Chieh AU - Ashfaq, Moetasim AU - Naz, Bibi S. AU - Martínez, Rocio Uría AU - Rastogi, Deeksha AU - Mei, Rui AU - Jager, Yetta AU - Samu, Nicole M. AU - Sale, Michael J. CY - Washington, DC NV - ORNL/SR-2015/357 PB - U.S. Department of Energy. Oak Ridge National Laboratory PY - 2016 SP - 100 ST - Transforming the Nation's Electricity System: The Second Installment of the Quadrennial Energy Review (QER 1.2) TI - Transforming the Nation's Electricity System: The Second Installment of the Quadrennial Energy Review (QER 1.2) UR - https://nhaap.ornl.gov/sites/default/files/9505_FY16_Assessment_Report.pdf ID - 21351 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kao, Yu-Chun AU - Madenjian, Charles P. AU - Bunnell, David B. AU - Lofgren, Brent M. AU - Perroud, Marjorie DA - 2015/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.012 IS - 2 KW - Bioenergetics model Climate change Great Lakes Yellow perch Lake whitefish Thermal guild PY - 2015 SN - 0380-1330 SP - 423-435 ST - Potential effects of climate change on the growth of fishes from different thermal guilds in Lakes Michigan and Huron T2 - Journal of Great Lakes Research TI - Potential effects of climate change on the growth of fishes from different thermal guilds in Lakes Michigan and Huron VL - 41 ID - 21144 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Kaplan, Sheila AU - Healy, Jack DA - Sept. 11, 2017 PY - 2017 SE - Health ST - Houston’s Floodwaters are tainted, testing shows T2 - New York Times TI - Houston’s Floodwaters are tainted, testing shows UR - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/11/health/houston-flood-contamination.html ID - 23227 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kaplan, Susan AU - Sadler, Blair AU - Little, Kevin AU - Franz, Calvin AU - Orris, Peter CY - New York, NY PB - The Commonwealth Fund PY - 2012 SN - Commonwealth Fund Pub. 1641 SP - 13 ST - Can Sustainable Hospitals Help Bend the Health Care Cost Curve TI - Can Sustainable Hospitals Help Bend the Health Care Cost Curve UR - http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/issue-brief/2012/nov/1641_kaplan_can_sustainable_hosps_bend_cost_curve_ib.pdf ID - 24119 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kapsenberg, Lydia AU - Hofmann, Gretchen E. DO - 10.1002/lno.10264 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 1939-5590 SP - 953-968 ST - Ocean pH time-series and drivers of variability along the northern Channel Islands, California, USA T2 - Limnology and Oceanography TI - Ocean pH time-series and drivers of variability along the northern Channel Islands, California, USA VL - 61 ID - 23798 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kapua‘ala Sproat, D. IS - 2 PY - 2016 SP - 157-220 ST - An indigenous people's right to environmental self-determination: Native Hawaiians and the struggle against climate change devastation T2 - Stanford Environmental Law Journal TI - An indigenous people's right to environmental self-determination: Native Hawaiians and the struggle against climate change devastation UR - https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/46075/1/35StanEnvtlLJ157.pdf VL - 35 ID - 22514 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kapucu, Naim AU - Hawkins, Christopher V. AU - Rivera, Fernando I. DO - 10.1002/rhc3.12043 IS - 4 KW - emergency management rural communities capacity building sustainability networks disaster resilience PY - 2013 SN - 1944-4079 SP - 215-233 ST - Disaster preparedness and resilience for rural communities T2 - Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy TI - Disaster preparedness and resilience for rural communities VL - 4 ID - 24546 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Karegar, Makan A. AU - Dixon, Timothy H. AU - Engelhart, Simon E. DO - 10.1002/2016GL068015 IS - 7 KW - Holocene relative sea level GPS glacial isostatic adjustment Atlantic Coast of North America groundwater depletion 1240 Satellite geodesy: results 1641 Sea level change 1829 Groundwater hydrology 4217 Coastal processes 9350 North America PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 3126-3133 ST - Subsidence along the Atlantic Coast of North America: Insights from GPS and late Holocene relative sea level data T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Subsidence along the Atlantic Coast of North America: Insights from GPS and late Holocene relative sea level data VL - 43 ID - 21763 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Karimi, T. AU - Stöckle, C. O. AU - Higgins, S. AU - Nelson, R. DA - 2018/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.agsy.2017.03.014 KW - Global climate model Representative concentration pathway Agroecological zone PY - 2018 SN - 0308-521X SP - 144-156 ST - Climate change and dryland wheat systems in the US Pacific Northwest T2 - Agricultural Systems TI - Climate change and dryland wheat systems in the US Pacific Northwest VL - 159 ID - 24721 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is one of the largest biomes on Earth. It has a semi-enclosed surface area of about 2 × 107 km2 and mean depth of nearly 5 km and includes a broad range of habitats from warm, light-saturated, nutrient-starved surface waters to the cold, nutrient-rich abyss. Microorganisms are found throughout the water column and are vertically stratified by their genetically determined metabolic capabilities that establish physiological tolerances to temperature, light, pressure, as well as organic and inorganic growth substrates. Despite the global significance of the NPSG for energy and matter transformations and its role in the oceanic carbon cycle, it is grossly undersampled and not well characterized with respect to ecosystem structure and dynamics. Since October 1988, interdisciplinary teams of scientists from the University of Hawaii and around the world have been investigating the NPSG ecosystem at Station ALOHA (A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment), a site chosen to be representative of this expansive oligotrophic habitat, with a focus on microbial processes and biogeochemistry. At the start of this comprehensive field study, the NPSG was thought to be a “Climax” community with a relatively stable plankton community structure and relatively low variability in key microbiological rates and processes. Now, after nearly three decades of observations and experimentation we present a new view of this old ocean, one that highlights temporal variability in ecosystem processes across a broad range of scales from diel to decadal and beyond. Our revised paradigm is built on the strength of high-quality time-series observations, on insights from the application of state-of-the-art –omics techniques (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) and, more recently, the discoveries of novel microorganisms and metabolic processes. Collectively, these efforts have led to a new understanding of trophic dynamics and population interactions in the NPSG. A comprehensive understanding of the environmental controls on microbial rates and processes, from genomes to biomes, will be required to inform the scientific community and the public at large about the potential impacts of human-induced climate change. The pace of new discovery, and the importance of integrating this new knowledge into conceptual paradigms and predictive models, is an enormous contemporary challenge with great scientific and societal relevance. AU - Karl, David M. AU - Church, Matthew J. DA - 2017/04/01/ DO - 10.1007/s10021-017-0117-0 DP - link.springer.com IS - 3 LA - en PY - 2017 SN - 1432-9840, 1435-0629 SP - 433-457 ST - Ecosystem structure and dynamics in the North Pacific subtropical gyre: New views of an old ocean T2 - Ecosystems TI - Ecosystem structure and dynamics in the North Pacific subtropical gyre: New views of an old ocean VL - 20 Y2 - 2017/09/26/00:27:44 ID - 22458 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Previous analyses of global temperature trends during the first decade of the 21st century seemed to indicate that warming had stalled. This allowed critics of the idea of global warming to claim that concern about climate change was misplaced. Karl et al. now show that temperatures did not plateau as thought and that the supposed warming “hiatus” is just an artifact of earlier analyses. Warming has continued at a pace similar to that of the last half of the 20th century, and the slowdown was just an illusion.Science, this issue p. 1469Much study has been devoted to the possible causes of an apparent decrease in the upward trend of global surface temperatures since 1998, a phenomenon that has been dubbed the global warming “hiatus.” Here, we present an updated global surface temperature analysis that reveals that global trends are higher than those reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, especially in recent decades, and that the central estimate for the rate of warming during the first 15 years of the 21st century is at least as great as the last half of the 20th century. These results do not support the notion of a “slowdown” in the increase of global surface temperature.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/348/6242/1469.full.pdf AU - Karl, Thomas R. AU - Arguez, Anthony AU - Huang, Boyin AU - Lawrimore, Jay H. AU - McMahon, James R. AU - Menne, Matthew J. AU - Peterson, Thomas C. AU - Vose, Russell S. AU - Zhang, Huai-Min DO - 10.1126/science.aaa5632 IS - 6242 PY - 2015 SP - 1469-1472 ST - Possible artifacts of data biases in the recent global surface warming hiatus T2 - Science TI - Possible artifacts of data biases in the recent global surface warming hiatus VL - 348 ID - 19427 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Karl, T.R. AU - Gleason, B.E. AU - Menne, M.J. AU - McMahon, J.R. AU - Heim, R.R., Jr. AU - Brewer, M.J. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - Arndt, D.S. AU - Privette, J.L. AU - Bates, J.J. AU - Groisman, P.Y. AU - Easterling, D.R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2012EO470001 IS - 47 PY - 2012 SN - 2324-9250 SP - 473-474 ST - U.S. temperature and drought: Recent anomalies and trends T2 - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union TI - U.S. temperature and drought: Recent anomalies and trends VL - 93 ID - 14004 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Karl, T.R. AU - Melillo, J.T. AU - Peterson, T.C. CY - New York, NY PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2009 SN - 978-0-521-14407-0 SP - 189 ST - Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States TI - Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States UR - http://downloads.globalchange.gov/usimpacts/pdfs/climate-impacts-report.pdf ID - 14007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Karlen, D.L. AU - Beeler, L.W. AU - Ong, R.G. AU - Dale, B.E. DA - September 1, 2015 DO - 10.2489/jswc.70.5.279 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - 279-287 ST - Balancing energy, conservation, and soil health requirements for plant biomass T2 - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation TI - Balancing energy, conservation, and soil health requirements for plant biomass VL - 70 ID - 25553 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Corn (Zea mays L.) stover was identified as an important feedstock for cellulosic bioenergy production because of the extensive area upon which the crop is already grown. This report summarizes 239 site-years of field research examining effects of zero, moderate, and high stover removal rates at 36 sites in seven different states. Grain and stover yields from all sites as well as N, P, and K removal from 28 sites are summarized for nine longitude and six latitude bands, two tillage practices (conventional vs no tillage), two stover-harvest methods (machine vs calculated), and two crop rotations {continuous corn (maize) vs corn/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]}. Mean grain yields ranged from 5.0 to 12.0 Mg ha−1 (80 to 192 bu ac−1). Harvesting an average of 3.9 or 7.2 Mg ha−1 (1.7 or 3.2 tons ac−1) of the corn stover resulted in a slight increase in grain yield at 57 and 51 % of the sites, respectively. Average no-till grain yields were significantly lower than with conventional tillage when stover was not harvested, but not when it was collected. Plant samples collected between physiological maturity and combine harvest showed that compared to not harvesting stover, N, P, and K removal was increased by 24, 2.7, and 31 kg ha−1, respectively, with moderate (3.9 Mg ha−1) harvest and by 47, 5.5, and 62 kg ha−1, respectively, with high (7.2 Mg ha−1) removal. This data will be useful for verifying simulation models and available corn stover feedstock projections, but is too variable for planning site-specific stover harvest. AU - Karlen, Douglas L. AU - Birrell, Stuart J. AU - Johnson, Jane M. F. AU - Osborne, Shannon L. AU - Schumacher, Thomas E. AU - Varvel, Gary E. AU - Ferguson, Richard B. AU - Novak, Jeff M. AU - Fredrick, James R. AU - Baker, John M. AU - Lamb, John A. AU - Adler, Paul R. AU - Roth, Greg W. AU - Nafziger, Emerson D. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s12155-014-9419-7 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1939-1242 SP - 528-539 ST - Multilocation corn stover harvest effects on crop yields and nutrient removal T2 - BioEnergy Research TI - Multilocation corn stover harvest effects on crop yields and nutrient removal VL - 7 ID - 25554 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The differential warming of land and ocean leads to many continental regions in the Northern Hemisphere warming at rates higher than the global mean temperature. Adaptation and conservation efforts will, therefore, benefit from understanding regional consequences of limiting the global mean temperature increase to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, a limit agreed upon at the United Nations Climate Summit in Paris in December 2015. Here, we analyze climate model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to determine the timing and magnitude of regional temperature and precipitation changes across the contiguous United States (US) for global warming of 1.5 and 2°C and highlight consensus and uncertainties in model projections and their implications for making decisions. The regional warming rates differ considerably across the contiguous US, but all regions are projected to reach 2°C about 10-20 years before the global mean temperature. Although there is uncertainty in the timing of exactly when the 1.5 and 2°C thresholds will be crossed regionally, over 80% of the models project at least 2°C warming by 2050 for all regions for the high emissions scenario. This threshold-based approach also highlights regional variations in the rate of warming across the US. The fastest warming region in the contiguous US is the Northeast, which is projected to warm by 3°C when global warming reaches 2°C. The signal-to-noise ratio calculations indicate that the regional warming estimates remain outside the envelope of uncertainty throughout the twenty-first century, making them potentially useful to planners. The regional precipitation projections for global warming of 1.5°C and 2°C are uncertain, but the eastern US is projected to experience wetter winters and the Great Plains and the Northwest US are projected to experience drier summers in the future. The impact of different scenarios on regional precipitation projections is negligible throughout the twenty-first century compared to uncertainties associated with internal variability and model diversity. AU - Karmalkar, Ambarish V. AU - Bradley, Raymond S. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0168697 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - e0168697 ST - Consequences of global warming of 1.5 °C and 2 °C for regional temperature and precipitation changes in the contiguous United States T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Consequences of global warming of 1.5 °C and 2 °C for regional temperature and precipitation changes in the contiguous United States VL - 12 ID - 21762 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Karmalkar, A. V. AU - Taylor, M. A. AU - Campbell, J. AU - Stephenson, T. AU - New, M. AU - Centella, A. AU - Benzanilla, A. AU - Charlery, J. DA - 2013/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/S0187-6236(13)71076-2 IS - 2 KW - Climate change Caribbean islands impacts CMIP3 RCM PY - 2013 SN - 0187-6236 SP - 283-309 ST - A review of observed and projected changes in climate for the islands in the Caribbean T2 - Atmósfera TI - A review of observed and projected changes in climate for the islands in the Caribbean VL - 26 ID - 25034 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changes in subtropical precipitation and the Hadley circulation (HC) are inextricably linked. The original Halley–Hadley model cannot explain certain aspects of the Earth’s meridional circulation in the tropics and is of limited use in understanding regional changes in precipitation. Here, we expand on previous work on the regional and seasonal aspects of the HC, in particular how land–sea temperature contrasts contribute to the strength and width of the HC. We show that the Earth’s HC is well described by three regionally distinct cells along the eastern edges of the major ocean basins with opposite circulations elsewhere. Moreover, comparable summertime hemisphere cells emerge in each region. While it has been recognized that continents modify the meridional pressure gradient, we demonstrate that a substantial part of the Earth’s HC is driven by zonal pressure gradients (ZPGs) that only exist due to continental heating and air–sea interaction. Projected changes in land–sea temperature contrasts in a warming climate due to the relatively low thermal capacity of land will also affect ZPGs and thus HC strength and width, with implications for extremes in hydroclimate and freshwater resources across the increasingly vulnerable subtropics. AU - Karnauskas, Kristopher B. AU - Ummenhofer, Caroline C. DO - 10.1007/s00382-014-2129-1 IS - 9 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 2259-2269 ST - On the dynamics of the Hadley circulation and subtropical drying T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - On the dynamics of the Hadley circulation and subtropical drying VL - 42 ID - 19624 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Thomas, David N. AB - The Arctic marine avifauna is made up of a diverse assemblage of seabirds and sea ducks whose life history traits, foraging strategies and physical adaptations have been wholly shaped by the regular seasonal development of sea ice. During the breeding season, sea ice located close to breeding colonies provides dependable access to energy rich prey at a time when seabirds need to find food locally for themselves and their growing chicks, within a short amount of time. The community of fish and crustaceans associated with sea ice are key prey for many seabirds. Sea ice fosters a productive benthos on which many sea ducks depend. Seabirds and sea ducks also use sea ice as a place to rest while digesting. Changes in the timing of the development of sea ice and shifts in the spatial extent of sea ice can cause a mismatch between prey availability and when seabirds need these prey. In addition, too much sea ice or sea ice in the wrong place can block access to seabird and sea duck prey and can allow mammalian predators access to breeding colonies where they prey on adults, chicks and eggs. Therefore the predictable development of openings in sea ice (polynyas) is critical for seabirds and sea ducks. In some areas of the Arctic, losses of sea ice have caused shifts in seabird and sea duck diets to smaller, less energy rich prey, longer foraging trip lengths, lower reproductive success, and shifts in breeding locations. Ice obligate species such as the Ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) have suffered population declines. Furthermore, loss of sea ice is having the indirect impact of allowing higher levels of shipping, tourism and resource extraction in areas where seabirds breed and forage. Seabirds and sea ducks are vulnerable to disturbance at their colonies and the potential for oil spills is increasing with losses of sea ice. AU - Karnovsky, Nina J. AU - Gavrilo, Maria V. C4 - 5ac759a6-dd6e-42f7-bb61-facddf418a38 DO - 10.1002/9781118778371.ch23 PB - John Wiley & Sons PY - 2016 SN - 9781118778388 9781118778371 SP - 556-569 ST - A feathered perspective: The influence of sea ice on Arctic marine birds T2 - Sea Ice TI - A feathered perspective: The influence of sea ice on Arctic marine birds ID - 25506 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Karuk Tribe C6 - NCA PB - Karuk Tribe of California, Department of Natural Resources PY - 2010 SP - 171 ST - Department of Natural Resources Eco-Cultural Resource Management Plan TI - Department of Natural Resources Eco-Cultural Resource Management Plan UR - http://www.karuk.us/karuk2/images/docs/dnr/ECRMP_6-15-10_doc.pdf ID - 14012 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While recent research has recognized the importance of considering social vulnerability, the changing patterns of social vulnerability within cities and the climate adaptation challenges these shifts pose have yet to receive much attention. In this article, we evaluate the changing patterns of social vulnerability in three coastal cities (Houston, New Orleans, and Tampa) over a thirty-year time period (1980–2010) and integrate neighborhood change theories with theories of social vulnerability to explain those patterns. Through this analysis, we highlight emerging dimensions of vulnerability that warrant attention in the future adaptation efforts of these cities. AU - Kashem, Shakil Bin AU - Wilson, Bev AU - Van Zandt, Shannon DO - 10.1177/0739456x16645167 IS - 3 KW - social vulnerability,climate change adaptation,land use planning,neighborhood change PY - 2016 SP - 304-318 ST - Planning for climate adaptation: Evaluating the changing patterns of social vulnerability and adaptation challenges in three coastal cities T2 - Journal of Planning Education and Research TI - Planning for climate adaptation: Evaluating the changing patterns of social vulnerability and adaptation challenges in three coastal cities VL - 36 ID - 23074 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Catches and prices from many fisheries exhibit high interannual variability, leading to variability in the income derived by fishery participants. The economic risk posed by this may be mitigated in some cases if individuals participate in several different fisheries, particularly if revenues from those fisheries are uncorrelated or vary asynchronously. We construct indices of gross income diversification from fisheries at the level of individual vessels and find that the income of the current fleet of vessels on the US West Coast and in Alaska is less diverse than at any point in the past 30 y. We also find a dome-shaped relationship between the variability of individuals' income and income diversification, which implies that a small amount of diversification does not reduce income risk but that higher levels of diversification can substantially reduce the variability of income from fishing. Moving from a single fishery strategy to a 50-25-25 split in revenues reduces the expected coefficient of variation of gross revenues between 24% and 65% for the vessels included in this study. The increasing access restrictions in many marine fisheries through license reductions and moratoriums have the potential to limit fishermen's ability to diversify their income risk across multiple fisheries. Catch share programs often result in consolidation initially and may reduce diversification. However, catch share programs also make it feasible for fishermen to build a portfolio of harvest privileges and potentially reduce their income risk. Therefore, catch share programs create both threats and opportunities for fishermen wishing to maintain diversified fishing strategies. AU - Kasperski, Stephen AU - Holland, Daniel S. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1212278110 IS - 6 PY - 2013 SP - 2076-2081 ST - Income diversification and risk for fishermen T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Income diversification and risk for fishermen VL - 110 ID - 24828 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kassel, Kathleen AU - Melton, Alex AU - Morrison, Rosanna Mentzer CY - Washington, DC PB - USDA Economic Research Service PY - 2017 SN - AP-078 SP - 27 ST - Selected Charts From Ag and Food Statistics: Charting the Essentials TI - Selected Charts From Ag and Food Statistics: Charting the Essentials UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/85463/ap-078.pdf?v=43025 ID - 25555 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kates, R.W. AU - Travis, W.R. AU - Wilbanks, T.J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1073/pnas.1115521109 IS - 19 PY - 2012 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 7156-7161 ST - Transformational adaptation when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Transformational adaptation when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient VL - 109 ID - 14018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kats, Lee B. AU - Bucciarelli, Gary AU - Vandergon, Thomas L. AU - Honeycutt, Rodney L. AU - Mattiasen, Evan AU - Sanders, Arthur AU - Riley, Seth P. D. AU - Kerby, Jacob L. AU - Fisher, Robert N. DA - 2013/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.08.003 KW - Amphibians Conservation Flooding Invasive species Southern California PY - 2013 SN - 0140-1963 SP - 109-112 ST - Effects of natural flooding and manual trapping on the facilitation of invasive crayfish–native amphibian coexistence in a semi-arid perennial stream T2 - Journal of Arid Environments TI - Effects of natural flooding and manual trapping on the facilitation of invasive crayfish–native amphibian coexistence in a semi-arid perennial stream VL - 98 ID - 23391 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Katsanevakis, Stelios AU - Wallentinus, Inger AU - Zenetos, Argyro AU - Leppäkoski, Erkki AU - Çinar, Melih Ertan AU - Oztürk, Bayram AU - Grabowski, Michal AU - Golani, Daniel AU - Cardoso, Ana Cristina DO - 10.3391/ai.2014.9.4.01 IS - 4 PY - 2014 SP - 391-426 ST - Impacts of invasive alien marine species on ecosystem services and biodiversity: A pan-European review T2 - Aquatic Invasions TI - Impacts of invasive alien marine species on ecosystem services and biodiversity: A pan-European review VL - 9 ID - 23392 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kattan, Gustavo H. AU - Aronson, James AU - Murcia, Carolina DO - 10.1111/rec.12453 IS - 6 KW - contagion phenomenon ecological restoration emerging ecosystems novelty, prescriptive concepts PY - 2016 SN - 1526-100X SP - 714-716 ST - Does the novel ecosystem concept provide a framework for practical applications and a path forward? A reply to Miller and Bestelmeyer T2 - Restoration Ecology TI - Does the novel ecosystem concept provide a framework for practical applications and a path forward? A reply to Miller and Bestelmeyer VL - 24 ID - 23393 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Katz, Marisa PY - 2003 SP - 1-77 ST - Staying afloat: How federal recognition as a Native American tribe will save the residents of Isle de Jean Charles, Louisiana T2 - Loyola Journal of Public Interest Law TI - Staying afloat: How federal recognition as a Native American tribe will save the residents of Isle de Jean Charles, Louisiana VL - 4 ID - 26001 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This editorial essay concerns the use (or lack thereof) of the statistics of extremes in climate change research. So far, the statistical theory of extreme values has been primarily applied to climate under the assumption of stationarity. How this theory can be applied in the context of climate change, including implications for the analysis of the economic impacts of extremes, is described. Future research challenges include the statistical modeling of complex extreme events, such as heat waves, and taking into account spatial dependence in the statistical modeling of extremes for fields of climate observations or of numerical model output. Addressing these challenges will require increased collaboration between climate scientists and statisticians. AU - Katz, Richard W. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-010-9834-5 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2010 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 71-76 ST - Statistics of extremes in climate change T2 - Climatic Change TI - Statistics of extremes in climate change VL - 100 ID - 25375 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Katz, Richard W. AU - Parlange, Marc B. AU - Naveau, Philippe DA - 2002/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00056-8 IS - 8 KW - Climate change Covariates Maximum likelihood Statistical downscaling PY - 2002 SN - 0309-1708 SP - 1287-1304 ST - Statistics of extremes in hydrology T2 - Advances in Water Resources TI - Statistics of extremes in hydrology VL - 25 ID - 21499 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Behaviorally mediated trophic cascades (BMTCs) occur when the fear of predation among herbivores enhances plant productivity. Based primarily on systems involving small‐bodied predators, BMTCs have been proposed as both strong and ubiquitous in natural ecosystems. Recently, however, synthetic work has suggested that the existence of BMTCs may be mediated by predator hunting mode, whereby passive (sit‐and‐wait) predators have much stronger effects than active (coursing) predators. One BMTC that has been proposed for a wide‐ranging active predator system involves the reintroduction of wolves (Canis lupus) to Yellowstone National Park, USA, which is thought to be leading to a recovery of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) by causing elk (Cervus elaphus) to avoid foraging in risky areas. Although this BMTC has been generally accepted and highly popularized, it has never been adequately tested. We assessed whether wolves influence aspen by obtaining detailed demographic data on aspen stands using tree rings and by monitoring browsing levels in experimental elk exclosures arrayed across a gradient of predation risk for three years. Our study demonstrates that the historical failure of aspen to regenerate varied widely among stands (last recruitment year ranged from 1892 to 1956), and our data do not indicate an abrupt cessation of recruitment. This pattern of recruitment failure appears more consistent with a gradual increase in elk numbers rather than a rapid behavioral shift in elk foraging following wolf extirpation. In addition, our estimates of relative survivorship of young browsable aspen indicate that aspen are not currently recovering in Yellowstone, even in the presence of a large wolf population. Finally, in an experimental test of the BMTC hypothesis we found that the impacts of elk browsing on aspen demography are not diminished in sites where elk are at higher risk of predation by wolves. These findings suggest the need to further evaluate how trophic cascades are mediated by predator–prey life history and ecological context. AU - Kauffman, Matthew J. AU - Brodie, Jedediah F. AU - Jules, Erik S. DO - 10.1890/09-1949.1 IS - 9 PY - 2010 SP - 2742-2755 ST - Are wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape‐level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade T2 - Ecology TI - Are wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape‐level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade VL - 91 ID - 25290 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kaufman, Sarah AU - Qing, Carson AU - Levenson, Nolan AU - Hanson, Melinda CY - New York PB - NYU Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, Rudin Center for Transportation PY - 2012 SP - 34 ST - Transportation During and After Hurricane Sandy TI - Transportation During and After Hurricane Sandy UR - https://wagner.nyu.edu/node/2392# ID - 24580 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change will impact bioclimatic drivers that regulate the geospatial distribution of dryland agro-ecological classes (AECs). Characterizing the geospatial relationship between present AECs and their bioclimatic controls will provide insights into potential future shifts in AECs as climate changes. The major objectives of this study are to quantify empirical relationships between bioclimatic variables and the current geospatial distribution of six dryland AECs of the inland Pacific Northwest of the United States; and apply bioclimatic projections from downscaled climate models to assess geospatial shifts of AECs under current production practices. Two Random Forest variable selection algorithms, VarSelRF and Boruta, were used to identify relevant bioclimatic variables. Three bioclimatic variables were identified by VarSelRF as useful for predictive Random Forest modeling of six AECs: (1) Holdridge evapotranspiration index; (2) spring precipitation (March, April and May); and (3) precipitation of the warmest four-month season (June, July, August and September). Super-imposing future climate scenarios onto current agricultural production systems resulted in significant geospatial shifts in AECs. The Random Forest model projected a 58% and 63% increase in area under dynamic annual crop-fallow-transition (AC-T) and dynamic grain-fallow (GF) AECs, respectively. By contrast, a 46% decrease in area was projected for stable AC-T and dynamic annual crop (AC) AECs across all future time periods for Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. For the same scenarios, the stable AC and GF AECs showed the least declines in area (8% and 13%, respectively), compared to other AECs. Future spatial shifts from stable to dynamic AECs, particularly to dynamic AC-T and dynamic GF AECs would result in more use of fallow, a greater hazard for soil erosion, greater cropping system uncertainty, and potentially less cropping system flexibility. These projections are counter to cropping system goals of increasing intensification, diversification, and productivity. AD - David R. Huggins,Northwest Sustainable Agroecosystems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS),Pullman, WA, United States,dhuggins@wsu.edu AU - Kaur, Harsimran AU - Huggins, David R. AU - Rupp, Richard A. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Stöckle, Claudio O. AU - Reganold, John P. DA - 2017-July-11 DO - 10.3389/fevo.2017.00074 IS - Article 74 KW - Climate Change,Bioclimatic variables,cropping systems,Fallow,Agro-ecosystems LA - English M3 - Original Research PY - 2017 SN - 2296-701X ST - Agro-ecological class stability decreases in response to climate change projections for the Pacific Northwest, USA T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution TI - Agro-ecological class stability decreases in response to climate change projections for the Pacific Northwest, USA VL - 5 ID - 24722 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaushal, Sujay S. AU - Groffman, Peter M. AU - Band, Lawrence E. AU - Shields, Catherine A. AU - Morgan, Raymond P. AU - Palmer, Margaret A. AU - Belt, Kenneth T. AU - Swan, Christopher M. AU - Findlay, Stuart E. G. AU - Fisher, Gary T. DA - 2008/08/01 DO - 10.1021/es800264f IS - 16 PY - 2008 SN - 0013-936X SP - 5872-5878 ST - Interaction between urbanization and climate variability amplifies watershed nitrate export in Maryland T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Interaction between urbanization and climate variability amplifies watershed nitrate export in Maryland VL - 42 ID - 21500 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Water temperatures are increasing in many streams and rivers throughout the US. We analyzed historical records from 40 sites and found that 20 major streams and rivers have shown statistically significant, long-term warming. Annual mean water temperatures increased by 0.009-0.077 degrees C yr(-1), and rates of warming were most rapid in, but not confined to, urbanizing areas. Long-term increases in stream water temperatures were typically correlated with increases in air temperatures. If stream temperatures were to continue to increase at current rates, due to global warming and urbanization, this could have important effects on eutrophication, ecosystem processes such as biological productivity and stream metabolism, contaminant toxicity, and loss of aquatic biodiversity. AD - Kaushal, SS; Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA; Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA; Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA; Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA; US EPA, Sanford, FL USA; Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT USA; US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Baltimore, MD USA; Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA AU - Kaushal, S. S. AU - Likens, G. E. AU - Jaworski, N. A. AU - Pace, M. L. AU - Sides, A. M. AU - Seekell, D. AU - Belt, K. T. AU - Secor, D. H. AU - Wingate, R. L. C6 - NCA DA - Nov DO - 10.1890/090037 IS - 9 KW - long-term water; climate-change; land-use; trends; urbanization; impact LA - English N1 - 679KG; Times Cited:14; Cited References Count:21 PY - 2010 SN - 1540-9295 SP - 461-466 ST - Rising stream and river temperatures in the United States T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Rising stream and river temperatures in the United States VL - 8 ID - 14022 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kavouras, I. G. AU - DuBois, D. W. AU - Nikolich, G. AU - Corral Avittia, A. Y. AU - Etyemezian, V. DA - 2016/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.07.015 KW - PM Road dust Mineral particles Air pollution Climate PY - 2016 SN - 0140-1963 SP - 189-192 ST - Particulate dust emission factors from unpaved roads in the U.S.–Mexico border semi-arid region T2 - Journal of Arid Environments TI - Particulate dust emission factors from unpaved roads in the U.S.–Mexico border semi-arid region VL - 124 ID - 22069 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A climate model (CCSM4) is used to investigate the influence of anthropogenic forcing on late 20th century and early 21st century Arctic sea ice extent trends. On all timescales examined (2–50+ years), the most extreme negative observed late 20th century trends cannot be explained by modeled natural variability alone. Modeled late 20th century ice extent loss also cannot be explained by natural causes alone, but the six available CCSM4 ensemble members exhibit a large spread in their late 20th century ice extent loss. Comparing trends from the CCSM4 ensemble to observed trends suggests that internal variability explains approximately half of the observed 1979–2005 September Arctic sea ice extent loss. In a warming world, CCSM4 shows that multi-decadal negative trends increase in frequency and magnitude, and that trend variability on 2–10 year timescales increases. Furthermore, when internal variability counteracts anthropogenic forcing, positive trends on 2–20 year timescales occur until the middle of the 21st century. AU - Kay, J.E. AU - Holland, M.M. AU - Jahn, A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2011GL048008 IS - 15 PY - 2011 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L15708 ST - Inter-annual to multi-decadal Arctic sea ice extent trends in a warming world T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Inter-annual to multi-decadal Arctic sea ice extent trends in a warming world VL - 38 ID - 14023 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Cover crops have long been touted for their ability to reduce erosion, fix atmospheric nitrogen, reduce nitrogen leaching, and improve soil health. In recent decades, there has been resurgence in cover crop adoption that is synchronous with a heightened awareness of climate change. Climate change mitigation and adaptation may be additional, important ecosystem services provided by cover crops, but they lie outside of the traditional list of cover cropping benefits. Here, we review the potential for cover crops to mitigate climate change by tallying all of the positive and negative impacts of cover crops on the net global warming potential of agricultural fields. Then, we use lessons learned from two contrasting regions to evaluate how cover crops affect adaptive management for precipitation and temperature change. Three key outcomes from this synthesis are (1) Cover crop effects on greenhouse gas fluxes typically mitigate warming by ~100 to 150 g CO2 e/m2/year, which is higher than mitigation from transitioning to no-till. The most important terms in the budget are soil carbon sequestration and reduced fertilizer use after legume cover crops. (2) The surface albedo change due to cover cropping, calculated for the first time here using case study sites in central Spain and Pennsylvania, USA, may mitigate 12 to 46 g CO2 e/m2/year over a 100-year time horizon. And (3) Cover crop management can also enable climate change adaptation at these case study sites, especially through reduced vulnerability to erosion from extreme rain events, increased soil water management options during droughts or periods of soil saturation, and retention of nitrogen mineralized due to warming. Overall, we found very few tradeoffs between cover cropping and climate change mitigation and adaptation, suggesting that ecosystem services that are traditionally expected from cover cropping can be promoted synergistically with services related to climate change. AU - Kaye, Jason P. AU - Quemada, Miguel DA - January 19 DO - 10.1007/s13593-016-0410-x IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1773-0155 SP - 4 ST - Using cover crops to mitigate and adapt to climate change. A review T2 - Agronomy for Sustainable Development TI - Using cover crops to mitigate and adapt to climate change. A review VL - 37 ID - 23545 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ke, Xinda AU - Wu, Di AU - Rice, Jennie AU - Kintner-Meyer, Michael AU - Lu, Ning DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.188 KW - Climate change Heat wave Power grid operation Production cost model Unit commitment PY - 2016 SN - 0306-2619 SP - 504-512 ST - Quantifying impacts of heat waves on power grid operation T2 - Applied Energy TI - Quantifying impacts of heat waves on power grid operation VL - 183 ID - 25272 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Prato, Tony A2 - Fagre, Dan A3 - Prato, Tony A2 - Fagre, Daniel B. AU - Keane, Robert E. AU - Key, Carl C4 - 2e82b9a4-a205-44d9-aa99-fa9ce7420169 CY - Washington, DC DB - USGS Publications Warehouse PB - Resources for the Future PY - 2007 SN - 978-1933115450 978-1933115467 SP - 201-212 ST - CCE fire regimes and their management T2 - Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science, Policy and Management for the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem TI - CCE fire regimes and their management UR - http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70160295 ID - 25186 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Baron, Jill AU - Keane, Robert E. AU - Ryan, Kevin C. AU - Veblen, Thomas T. AU - Allen, Craig D. AU - Logan, Jesse A. AU - Hawkes, Brad C4 - 4095928d-33e9-46d7-a741-56dd9d557209 CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2002 SN - 9781559639545 9781559639538 9781597263146 SP - 133-152 ST - The cascading effects of fire exclusion in the Rocky Mountain ecosystems T2 - Rocky Mountain Futures: An Ecological Perspective TI - The cascading effects of fire exclusion in the Rocky Mountain ecosystems ID - 25187 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Keay, Jeffrey A. AU - Peek, James M. DO - 10.2307/3807967 IS - 2 PY - 1980 SP - 372-380 ST - Relationships between fires and winter habitat of deer in Idaho T2 - Journal of Wildlife Management TI - Relationships between fires and winter habitat of deer in Idaho VL - 44 ID - 24723 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Keeley, Jon AU - Syphard, Alexandra DO - 10.3390/geosciences6030037 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 2076-3263 SP - 37 ST - Climate change and future fire regimes: Examples from California T2 - Geosciences TI - Climate change and future fire regimes: Examples from California VL - 6 ID - 22598 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This article provides a conceptual model for the pathways by which climate change could operate to impact geographies and property markets whose inferior or superior qualities for supporting the built environment are subject to a descriptive theory known as ‘Climate Gentrification.’ The article utilizes Miami-Dade County, Florida (MDC) as a case study to explore the market mechanisms that speak to the operations and processes inherent in the theory. This article tests the hypothesis that the rate of price appreciation of single-family properties in MDC is positively related to and correlated with incremental measures of higher elevation (the ‘Elevation Hypothesis’). As a reflection of an increase in observed nuisance flooding and relative SLR, the second hypothesis is that the rates of price appreciation in lowest the elevation cohorts have not kept up with the rates of appreciation of higher elevation cohorts since approximately 2000 (the ‘Nuisance Hypothesis’). The findings support a validation of both hypotheses and suggest the potential existence of consumer preferences that are based, in part, on perceptions of flood risk and/or observations of flooding. These preferences and perceptions are anticipated to be amplified by climate change in a manner that reinforces the proposition that climate change impacts will affect the marketability and valuation of property with varying degrees of environmental exposure and resilience functionality. Uncovering these empirical relationships is a critical first step for understanding the occurrence and parameters of Climate Gentrification. AU - Keenan, Jesse M. AU - Hill, Thomas AU - Gumber, Anurag DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aabb32 IS - 5 PY - 2018 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 054001 ST - Climate gentrification: From theory to empiricism in Miami-Dade County, Florida T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Climate gentrification: From theory to empiricism in Miami-Dade County, Florida VL - 13 ID - 25616 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Keenan, Trevor F. AU - Gray, Josh AU - Friedl, Mark A. AU - Toomey, Michael AU - Bohrer, Gil AU - Hollinger, David Y. AU - Munger, J. William AU - O/'Keefe, John AU - Schmid, Hans Peter AU - Wing, Ian Sue AU - Yang, Bai AU - Richardson, Andrew D. DA - 07//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2253 IS - 7 M3 - Letter PY - 2014 SN - 1758-678X SP - 598-604 ST - Net carbon uptake has increased through warming-induced changes in temperate forest phenology T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Net carbon uptake has increased through warming-induced changes in temperate forest phenology VL - 4 ID - 21761 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Keenan, Trevor F. AU - Richardson, Andrew D. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12890 IS - 7 KW - budburst climate change leaf senescence senescence model spring flushing tree phenology PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2634-2641 ST - The timing of autumn senescence is affected by the timing of spring phenology: Implications for predictive models T2 - Global Change Biology TI - The timing of autumn senescence is affected by the timing of spring phenology: Implications for predictive models VL - 21 ID - 23394 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Keener, V. AU - Helweg, D. AU - Asam, S. AU - Balwani, S. AU - Burkett, M. AU - Fletcher, C. AU - Giambelluca, T. AU - Grecni, Z. AU - Nobrega-Olivera, M. AU - Polovina, J. AU - Tribble, G. C4 - 3495d510-f472-4769-b8a9-2b76e7373469 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH27 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 27 SP - xxx ST - Hawai‘i and U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Hawai‘i and U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands ID - 26664 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Keener, V. AU - Marra, J.J. AU - Finucane, M.L. AU - Spooner, D. AU - Smith, M.H. CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-61091-427-7 SP - 170 ST - Climate Change and Pacific Islands: Indicators and Impacts. Report for the 2012 Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment (PIRCA) TI - Climate Change and Pacific Islands: Indicators and Impacts. Report for the 2012 Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment (PIRCA) UR - http://www.pacificrisa.org/projects/pirca/ ID - 14029 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Keeney, Ralph L. AU - Raiffa, Howard C4 - 778ce8b0-173f-4e93-90b1-9b933dc88945 CY - Cambridge, UK PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 1993 SN - 978-0521438834 SP - 592 ST - Decisions with Multiple Objectives: Preferences and Value Tradeoffs TI - Decisions with Multiple Objectives: Preferences and Value Tradeoffs ID - 24208 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Keller Jensen, Jennifer CY - Iowa City, IA PB - Rural Policy Research Institute PY - 2009 SP - 13 ST - Climate Change and Rural Communities in the US. Draft Briefing Paper TI - Climate Change and Rural Communities in the US. Draft Briefing Paper UR - http://www.rupri.org/Forms/Climate_Change_Brief.pdf ID - 23621 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kelleway, Jeffrey J. AU - Cavanaugh, Kyle AU - Rogers, Kerrylee AU - Feller, Ilka C. AU - Ens, Emilie AU - Doughty, Cheryl AU - Saintilan, Neil DO - 10.1111/gcb.13727 IS - 10 KW - blue carbon climate change coastal protection cultural values habitat function mangrove expansion nutrient cycling salt marsh sea-level rise threatened species PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 3967-3983 ST - Review of the ecosystem service implications of mangrove encroachment into salt marshes T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Review of the ecosystem service implications of mangrove encroachment into salt marshes VL - 23 ID - 24333 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Before the Syrian uprising that began in 2011, the greater Fertile Crescent experienced the most severe drought in the instrumental record. For Syria, a country marked by poor governance and unsustainable agricultural and environmental policies, the drought had a catalytic effect, contributing to political unrest. We show that the recent decrease in Syrian precipitation is a combination of natural variability and a long-term drying trend, and the unusual severity of the observed drought is here shown to be highly unlikely without this trend. Precipitation changes in Syria are linked to rising mean sea-level pressure in the Eastern Mediterranean, which also shows a long-term trend. There has been also a long-term warming trend in the Eastern Mediterranean, adding to the drawdown of soil moisture. No natural cause is apparent for these trends, whereas the observed drying and warming are consistent with model studies of the response to increases in greenhouse gases. Furthermore, model studies show an increasingly drier and hotter future mean climate for the Eastern Mediterranean. Analyses of observations and model simulations indicate that a drought of the severity and duration of the recent Syrian drought, which is implicated in the current conflict, has become more than twice as likely as a consequence of human interference in the climate system. AU - Kelley, Colin P. AU - Mohtadi, Shahrzad AU - Cane, Mark A. AU - Seager, Richard AU - Kushnir, Yochanan DA - 2015/03/17/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.1421533112 DP - www.pnas.org IS - 11 KW - climate change Drought conflict Syria unrest LA - en PY - 2015 SN - 0027-8424, 1091-6490 SP - 3241-3246 ST - Climate change in the Fertile Crescent and implications of the recent Syrian drought T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climate change in the Fertile Crescent and implications of the recent Syrian drought VL - 112 Y2 - 2017/09/26/01:04:08 ID - 22459 ER - TY - RPRT AB - Most of ADB’s Pacific developing member countries (DMCs)1 are small and remote, with fragile biodiversity, and among the nations most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Pacific DMCs are unable to absorb the economic shocks attributed to climate impacts, and are constrained by low human, financial, and technical capacity; limited availability of scientific information; and poor coordination between the numerous donors. The regional capacity development TA aimed to assist the Pacific DMCs to build resilience to climate change, climate variability, and extreme weather events through adaptation and, where possible, mitigation, taking into account local country-specific issues and needs, and complementing existing climate change activities in the region. AU - Kellogg Brown and Root Pty. Ltd AU - KBR.com, Now: DA - 2012 M3 - Final Regional Synthesis Report PY - 2012 SN - 7394-REG ST - Strengthening the Capacity of Pacific Developing Member Countries to Respond to Climate Change (Phase 1) TI - Strengthening the Capacity of Pacific Developing Member Countries to Respond to Climate Change (Phase 1) UR - https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-document/81228/43071-012-tcr.pdf ID - 22460 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kelly, Anne E. AU - Goulden, Michael L. C6 - NCA DA - Aug 19 DO - 10.1073/pnas.0802891105 IS - 33 PY - 2008 SN - 1091-6490 SP - 11823-11826 ST - Rapid shifts in plant distribution with recent climate change T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Rapid shifts in plant distribution with recent climate change VL - 105 ID - 14036 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kelly, Sara A. AU - Takbiri, Zeinab AU - Belmont, Patrick AU - Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi DO - 10.5194/hess-21-5065-2017 IS - 10 PY - 2017 SN - 1607-7938 SP - 5065-5088 ST - Human amplified changes in precipitation–runoff patterns in large river basins of the Midwestern United States T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences TI - Human amplified changes in precipitation–runoff patterns in large river basins of the Midwestern United States VL - 21 ID - 26585 ER - TY - JOUR AB - PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was a period of massive range contraction. Post-LGM, water-dispersed coastal species, including the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), expanded poleward as propagules were transported by ocean currents. We assessed postglacial marine expansion pathways for R. mangle within the Caribbean Basin and Florida.METHODS: Six microsatellite loci were used to genotype 237 individuals from nine R. mangle populations in the Caribbean, Florida, and Northwest Africa. We evaluated genetic variation, population structure, gene flow along alternative post-LGM expansion pathways to Florida, and potential long-distance dispersal (LDD) from West Africa to Caribbean islands.KEY RESULTS: These R. mangle populations had substantial genetic structure (FST = 0.37, P < 0.0001) with three discrete population clusters (Caribbean mainland, Caribbean islands, and Florida). Genetic connectivity along the mainland pathway (Caribbean mainland to Florida) vs. limited gene dispersal along the Antilles Island pathway (Caribbean islands to Florida) supported Florida recolonization from Caribbean mainland sources. Genetic similarity of Northwest Africa and two Caribbean islands provided evidence for trans-Atlantic LDD. We did not find a pattern of decreasing genetic diversity with latitude.CONCLUSIONS: We outline a complex expansion history for R. mangle, with discrete pathways of recolonization for Florida and Caribbean islands. Contrary to expectation, connectivity to putative Caribbean mainland refugial populations via ocean currents, and not latitude, appears to dictate genetic diversity within Caribbean island and Florida R. mangle. These findings provide a framework for further investigation of additional water-dispersed neotropical species, and insights for management initiatives. AU - Kennedy, John Paul AU - Pil, Maria W. AU - Proffitt, C. Edward AU - Boeger, Walter A. AU - Stanford, Alice M. AU - Devlin, Donna J. DA - February 1, 2016 DO - 10.3732/ajb.1500183 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SP - 260-276 ST - Postglacial expansion pathways of red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, in the Caribbean Basin and Florida T2 - American Journal of Botany TI - Postglacial expansion pathways of red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, in the Caribbean Basin and Florida VL - 103 ID - 24334 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kenney, Douglas S. AU - Klein, Roberta A. AU - Clark, Martyn P. DO - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01011.x IS - 1 KW - water conservation drought water restrictions urban water management PY - 2004 SN - 1752-1688 SP - 77-87 ST - Use and effectiveness of municipal water restrictions during drought in Colorado T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - Use and effectiveness of municipal water restrictions during drought in Colorado VL - 40 ID - 23799 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This brief review is based on a President’s Lecture presented at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine in 2013. The purpose of this review was to assess the effects of climate change and consequent increases in environmental heat stress on the aging cardiovascular system. The earth’s average global temperature is slowly but consistently increasing, and along with mean temperature changes come increases in heat wave frequency and severity. Extreme passive thermal stress resulting from prolonged elevations in ambient temperature and prolonged physical activity in hot environments creates a high demand on the left ventricle to pump blood to the skin to dissipate heat. Even healthy aging is accompanied by altered cardiovascular function, which limits the extent to which older individuals can maintain stroke volume, increase cardiac output, and increase skin blood flow when exposed to environmental extremes. In the elderly, the increased cardiovascular demand during heat waves is often fatal because of increased strain on an already compromised left ventricle. Not surprisingly, excess deaths during heat waves 1) occur predominantly in older individuals and 2) are overwhelmingly cardiovascular in origin. Increasing frequency and severity of heat waves coupled with a rapidly growing at-risk population dramatically increase the extent of future untoward health outcomes. AU - Kenney, W. Larry AU - Craighead, Daniel H. AU - Alexander, Lacy M. DO - 10.1249/mss.0000000000000325 IS - 10 KW - HEAT STRESS CLIMATE CHANGE CARDIOVASCULAR STRAIN HEAT WAVE CUTANEOUS BLOOD FLOW AGE CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH PY - 2014 SN - 0195-9131 SP - 1891-1899 ST - Heat waves, aging, and human cardiovascular health T2 - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise TI - Heat waves, aging, and human cardiovascular health VL - 46 ID - 23020 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kenward, Alyson AU - Adams-Smith, Dennis AU - Raja, Urooj CY - Princeton, NJ PB - Climate Central PY - 2013 SP - 37 ST - Wildfires and Air Pollution: The Hidden Health Hazards of Climate Change TI - Wildfires and Air Pollution: The Hidden Health Hazards of Climate Change UR - http://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/WildfiresAndAirPollution.pdf ID - 23190 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kenward, Alyson AU - Raja, Urooj CY - Princeton, NJ PB - Climate Central PY - 2014 SP - 23 ST - Blackout: Extreme Weather, Climate Change and Power Outages TI - Blackout: Extreme Weather, Climate Change and Power Outages UR - http://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/PowerOutages.pdf ID - 25300 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kenward, Alyson AU - Zenes, Nicole AU - Bronzan, James AU - Brady, Jennifer AU - Shah, Kasturi CY - Princeton, NJ PB - Climate Central PY - 2016 SP - 12 ST - Overflow: Climate Change, Heavy Rain, and Sewage T2 - States at Risk TI - Overflow: Climate Change, Heavy Rain, and Sewage UR - http://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/Overflow_sewagereport_update.pdf ID - 21305 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Keogh, Miles AU - Thomas, Sharon CY - Washington, DC PB - National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners PY - 2016 SP - 32 ST - Surface Transportation Interdependencies & Convergence with the Power Sector TI - Surface Transportation Interdependencies & Convergence with the Power Sector UR - https://pubs.naruc.org/pub/D1B220BB-D5E2-DD68-0494-69F314FF72D8 ID - 21427 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is no integrated regime governing efforts to limit the extent of climate change. Instead, there is a regime complex: a loosely-coupled set of specific regimes. We describe the regime complex for climate change and seek to explain it, using interest-based, functional, and organizational arguments. This institutional form is likely to persist; efforts to build a comprehensive regime are unlikely to succeed, but experiments abound with narrower institutions focused on particular aspects of the climate change problem. Building on this analysis, we argue that a climate change regime complex, if it meets specified criteria, has advantages over any politically feasible comprehensive regime. Adaptability and flexibility are particularly important in a setting—such as climate change policy—in which the most demanding international commitments are interdependent yet governments vary widely in their interest and ability to implement them. Yet in view of the serious political constraints, both domestic and international, there is little reason for optimism that the climate regime complex that is emerging will lead to reductions in emissions rapid enough to meet widely discussed goals, such as stopping global warming at two degrees above pre-industrial levels. AU - Keohane, Robert O. AU - Victor, David G. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1537592710004068 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2011/03/15 IS - 1 PY - 2011 SN - 1537-5927 SP - 7-23 ST - The regime complex for climate change T2 - Perspectives on Politics TI - The regime complex for climate change VL - 9 ID - 25876 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Keown, Jeffery F. AU - Kononoff, Paul J. AU - Grant, Richard J. CY - Lincoln, NE NV - NebGuide G1582 PB - University of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources PY - 2016 SP - 2 ST - How to Reduce Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle TI - How to Reduce Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle UR - http://extensionpublications.unl.edu/assets/pdf/g1582.pdf ID - 23622 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Keppel, Gunnar AU - Mokany, Karel AU - Wardell-Johnson, Grant W. AU - Phillips, Ben L. AU - Welbergen, Justin A. AU - Reside, April E. DO - 10.1890/140055 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 106-112 ST - The capacity of refugia for conservation planning under climate change T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - The capacity of refugia for conservation planning under climate change VL - 13 ID - 23395 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We examined landscape exposure to wildfire potential, insects and disease risk, and urban and exurban development for the conterminous US (CONUS). Our analysis relied on spatial data used by federal agencies to evaluate these stressors nationally. We combined stressor data with a climate change exposure metric to identify when temperature is likely to depart from historical conditions and become "unprecedented." We used a neighborhood analysis procedure based on key stressor thresholds within a geographic information system to examine the extent of landscape exposure to our set of individual and coinciding stressors. Our focus is on identifying large contiguous areas of stress exposure which would be of national concern to identify potential locations most vulnerable to resulting ecological and social disruption. The arrival of record-setting temperatures may be both rapid and widespread within the CONUS under RCP8.5. By 2060, 91 % of the CONUS could depart from the climate of the last century. While much of the CONUS may be impacted by at least one of the landscape stressors we examined, multiple coinciding stressors occurred for less than 9 % of the CONUS. The two most prevalent coinciding stressors were (1) wildfire potential combined with insects and disease risk, and (2) climate departure combined with urban and exurban development. Combined exposure to three or more stressors was rare, but we did identify several localized high-population areas that may be vulnerable to future change. Additional assessment and research for these areas may provide early and proactive approaches to mitigating multiple stressor exposure. AU - Kerns, B. K. AU - Kim, J. B. AU - Kline, J. D. AU - Day, M. A. DA - Oct DO - 10.1007/s10113-016-0934-2 IS - 7 KW - Urban climate change urbanization Projection PY - 2016 SN - 1436-3798 SP - 2129-2140 ST - US exposure to multiple landscape stressors and climate change T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - US exposure to multiple landscape stressors and climate change VL - 16 ID - 22764 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Increasing global temperatures are likely to have major impacts on agriculture, but the effects will vary by crop and location. This paper describes the temperature sensitivity and exposure of selected specialty crops in California. We used literature synthesis to create several sensitivity indices (from 1 to 4) to changes in winter minimum and summer maximum temperature for the top 14 specialty crops. To estimate exposure, we used seasonal period change analysis of mid-century minimum and maximum temperature changes downscaled to county level from CMIP5 models. We described crop vulnerability on a county basis as (crop sensitivity index × county climate exposure × area of crop in county); individual crop vulnerabilities were combined to create an aggregate index of specialty crop vulnerability by county. We also conducted analyses scaled by crop value rather than area, and normalized to total specialty crop area in each county. Our analyses yielded a spatial assessment highlighting seasons and counties of highest vulnerability. Winter and summer vulnerability are correlated, but not highly so. High-producing counties (e.g., Fresno County in the San Joaquin Valley) are the most vulnerable in absolute terms, while northern Sacramento Valley counties are the most vulnerable in relative terms, due to their reliance on heat-sensitive perennial crops. Our results illustrate the importance of examining crop vulnerability from different angles. More physiological and economic research is needed to build a comprehensive picture of specialty crop vulnerability to climate change. AU - Kerr, Amber AU - Dialesandro, Jake AU - Steenwerth, Kerri AU - Lopez-Brody, Nathan AU - Elias, Emile DA - September 07 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2011-3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 ST - Vulnerability of California specialty crops to projected mid-century temperature changes T2 - Climatic Change TI - Vulnerability of California specialty crops to projected mid-century temperature changes ID - 23546 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Responses to climate change have been observed across many species. There is a general trend for species to shift their ranges poleward or up in elevation. Not all species, however, can make such shifts, and these species might experience more rapid declines. Kerr et al. looked at data on bumblebees across North America and Europe over the past 110 years. Bumblebees have not shifted northward and are experiencing shrinking distributions in the southern ends of their range. Such failures to shift may be because of their origins in a cooler climate, and suggest an elevated susceptibility to rapid climate change.Science, this issue p. 177For many species, geographical ranges are expanding toward the poles in response to climate change, while remaining stable along range edges nearest the equator. Using long-term observations across Europe and North America over 110 years, we tested for climate change–related range shifts in bumblebee species across the full extents of their latitudinal and thermal limits and movements along elevation gradients. We found cross-continentally consistent trends in failures to track warming through time at species’ northern range limits, range losses from southern range limits, and shifts to higher elevations among southern species. These effects are independent of changing land uses or pesticide applications and underscore the need to test for climate impacts at both leading and trailing latitudinal and thermal limits for species. AU - Kerr, Jeremy T. AU - Pindar, Alana AU - Galpern, Paul AU - Packer, Laurence AU - Potts, Simon G. AU - Roberts, Stuart M. AU - Rasmont, Pierre AU - Schweiger, Oliver AU - Colla, Sheila R. AU - Richardson, Leif L. AU - Wagner, David L. AU - Gall, Lawrence F. AU - Sikes, Derek S. AU - Pantoja, Alberto DO - 10.1126/science.aaa7031 IS - 6244 PY - 2015 SP - 177-180 ST - Climate change impacts on bumblebees converge across continents T2 - Science TI - Climate change impacts on bumblebees converge across continents VL - 349 ID - 26586 ER - TY - THES AU - Kersey, B. PB - University of East Anglia, U.K. PY - 2011 ST - Enhancing Household Food Security in Times of Environmental Hazards TI - Enhancing Household Food Security in Times of Environmental Hazards ID - 22235 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kettle, Nathan P. AU - Dow, Kirstin AU - Tuler, Seth AU - Webler, Thomas AU - Whitehead, Jessica AU - Miller, Karly M. DA - 2014/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2014.07.001 KW - Barrier island South Carolina Climate adaptation Mediated modeling Risk management PY - 2014 SN - 2212-0963 SP - 17-31 ST - Integrating scientific and local knowledge to inform risk-based management approaches for climate adaptation T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - Integrating scientific and local knowledge to inform risk-based management approaches for climate adaptation VL - 4-5 ID - 23046 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kettle, Nathan P. AU - Trainor, Sarah F. DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2015.06.006 PY - 2015 SP - 6-19 ST - The role of climate webinars in supporting boundary chain networks across Alaska T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - The role of climate webinars in supporting boundary chain networks across Alaska VL - 9 ID - 22236 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the United States, climate change is likely to increase average daily temperatures and the frequency of heat waves, which can reduce meat and milk production in animals. Methods that livestock producers use to mitigate thermal stress—including modifications to animal management or housing—tend to increase production costs. We use operation-level economic data coupled with finely-scaled climate data to estimate how the local thermal environment affects the technical efficiency of dairies across the United States. We then use this information to estimate the possible decline in milk production in 2030 resulting from climate change-induced heat stress under the simplifying assumptions that the production technology, location of production, and other factors are held constant. For four climate model scenarios, the results indicate modest heat-stress-related production declines by 2030, with the largest declines occurring in the southern states. AU - Key, Nigel AU - Sneeringer, Stacy DO - 10.1093/ajae/aau002 IS - 4 N1 - 10.1093/ajae/aau002 PY - 2014 SN - 0002-9092 SP - 1136-1156 ST - Potential effects of climate change on the productivity of U.S. dairies T2 - American Journal of Agricultural Economics TI - Potential effects of climate change on the productivity of U.S. dairies VL - 96 ID - 23547 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Key, Nigel AU - Sneeringer, Stacy AU - Marquardt, David CY - Washington, DC NV - Economic Research Report No. ERR-175 PB - USDA Economic Research Service PY - 2014 SP - 45 ST - Climate Change, Heat Stress, and U.S. Dairy Production TI - Climate Change, Heat Stress, and U.S. Dairy Production UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=45282 ID - 23623 ER - TY - PRESS AU - Keyes, Bob CY - Verona, NY PB - Indian Country Today PY - 2017 ST - Passamaquoddy Tribe named Project Developer of the Year TI - Passamaquoddy Tribe named Project Developer of the Year UR - https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/news/environment/passamaquoddy-tribe-named-project-developer-year/ ID - 21895 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fire has a role in ecosystem services; naturally produced wildfires are important for the sustainability of many terrestrial biomes and fire is one of nature's primary carbon-cycling mechanisms. Under a warming climate, it is likely that fire frequency and severity will increase. There is some evidence that fire activity may already be increasing in Western U.S. forests and recent exceptionally intense fire events, such as the Australian Black Saturday fires in 2009 and Russian fires in 2010, highlight the devastation of fires associated with extreme weather. The impacts of emissions from fires on global atmospheric chemistry, and on the atmospheric burden of greenhouse gases and aerosols are recognized although gaps remain in our scientific understanding of the processes involved and the environmental consequences of fires. While significant uncertainty remains in the long-term impacts of forest fires on climate, new sophisticated tools have recently become available (observational and modeling). These tools provide insight into changing wildfires and intentional biomass burning activity in the Anthropocene era that is marked by humans’ impact on Earth. The understanding of the impact of wildfires and intentional biomass burning emissions on the present and future climate is reviewed. Presently, fires and their emissions are controlled under fire management and emission reduction schemes. Under future climate conditions, significantly more effective controls on these fires seem necessary. Continued and improved monitoring to support and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the adopted measures, and further deepening of knowledge on the mechanistic and sociological factors that influence fires and their environmental impacts is highly needed. Wildfires and biomass burning are important for a range of international and domestic policies, including air pollution, climate, poverty, security, food supply, and biodiversity. Climate change will make the need to coherently address fires based on scientifically sound measurements and modeling even more pertinent AU - Keywood, Melita AU - Kanakidou, Maria AU - Stohl, Andreas AU - Dentener, Frank AU - Grassi, Giacomo AU - Meyer, C. P. AU - Torseth, Kjetil AU - Edwards, David AU - Thompson, Anne M. AU - Lohmann, Ulrike AU - Burrows, John DO - 10.1080/10643389.2011.604248 PY - 2013 RN - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10643389.2011.604248\nhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10643389.2011.604248#preview SN - 1064-3389 SP - 40-83 ST - Fire in the air: Biomass burning impacts in a changing climate T2 - Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology TI - Fire in the air: Biomass burning impacts in a changing climate VL - 43 ID - 18904 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Khatami, Dena AU - Shafei, Behrouz CY - Washington, DC DA - January 8-12 PY - 2017 SP - No. 17-04849 T2 - 96th Transportation Research Board (TRB) Annual Meeting TI - Climate change impact on management of deteriorating bridges: A case study of US Midwest region UR - http://docs.trb.org/prp/17-04849.pdf ID - 26029 ER - TY - JOUR AB -

Ice-shelf bottom melting is thought to cause mass loss in West Antarctica. Here, the authors analyse radar observations of the Dotson and Crosson ice shelves to directly quantify grounding zone unbalanced melting of up to 70 m per year, and illustrate its relation with be…

AU - Khazendar, Ala AU - Rignot, Eric AU - Schroeder, Dustin M. AU - Seroussi, Helene AU - Schodlok, Michael P. AU - Scheuchl, Bernd AU - Mouginot, Jeremie AU - Sutterley, Tyler C. AU - Velicogna, Isabella DA - 2016/10/25/ DO - 10.1038/ncomms13243 DP - www.nature.com LA - en PY - 2016 SN - 2041-1723 SP - 13243 ST - Rapid submarine ice melting in the grounding zones of ice shelves in West Antarctica T2 - Nature Communications TI - Rapid submarine ice melting in the grounding zones of ice shelves in West Antarctica VL - 7 Y2 - 2017/09/22/20:44:25 ID - 22461 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Khelifa, A. AU - Garrow, L. AU - Higgins, M. AU - Meyer, M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000109 IS - 2 PY - 2013 SN - 1076-0342 SP - 138-146 ST - Impacts of climate change on scour-vulnerable bridges: Assessment based on HYRISK T2 - Journal of Infrastructure Systems TI - Impacts of climate change on scour-vulnerable bridges: Assessment based on HYRISK VL - 19 ID - 14055 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rapid Arctic sea ice decline over the last few decades opens new perspectives for Arctic marine navigation. Further warming in the Arctic will promote the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as an alternative to the conventional Suez or Panama Canal routes for intercontinental shipping. Here we use both satellite data and CMIP5 ensemble of climate models to estimate the NSR transit window allowing intercontinental navigation between Atlantic and Pacific regions. To this end, we introduce a novel approach to calculate start and end dates of the navigation season along the NSR. We show that modern climate models are able to reproduce the mean time of the NSR transit window and its trend over the last few decades. The selected models demonstrate that the rate of increase of the NSR navigation season will slow down over the next few decades with the RCP4.5 scenario. By the end of the 21st century ensemble-mean estimates show an increase of the NSR transit window by about 4 and 6.5 months according to RCP4.5 and 8.5, respectively. Estimated trends for the end date of the navigation season are found to be stronger compared to those for the start date. AU - Khon, Vyacheslav C. AU - Mokhov, Igor I. AU - Semenov, Vladimir A. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa5841 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 024010 ST - Transit navigation through Northern Sea Route from satellite data and CMIP5 simulations T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Transit navigation through Northern Sea Route from satellite data and CMIP5 simulations VL - 12 ID - 22068 ER - TY - WEB AU - KHON Web Staff CY - Honolulu, HI DA - August 20, 2015 PB - KHON2 (Nexstar Broadcasting) PY - 2015 ST - HECO lifts power conservation amid hot, muggy conditions TI - HECO lifts power conservation amid hot, muggy conditions UR - https://www.khon2.com/news/local-news/heco-lifts-power-conservation-amid-hot-muggy-conditions/1025558794 ID - 22515 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This report summarizes and discusses current knowledge on the impact that climate change can have on occupational safety and health (OSH), with a particular focus on the Americas. Worker safety and health issues are presented on topics related to specific stressors (e.g., temperature extremes), climate associated impacts (e.g., ice melt in the Arctic), and a health condition associated with climate change (chronic kidney disease of non-traditional etiology). The article discusses research needs, including hazards, surveillance, and risk assessment activities to better characterize and understand how OSH may be associated with climate change events. Also discussed are the actions that OSH professionals can take to ensure worker health and safety in the face of climate change. AN - PMC5176103 AU - Kiefer, Max AU - Rodríguez-Guzmán, Julietta AU - Watson, Joanna AU - van Wendel de Joode, Berna AU - Mergler, Donna AU - da Silva, Agnes Soares DB - PMC IS - 3 N1 - 27991978[pmid] Rev Panam Salud Publica PY - 2016 SN - 1020-4989 1680-5348 SP - 192-197 ST - Worker health and safety and climate change in the Americas: Issues and research needs T2 - Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American Journal of Public Health TI - Worker health and safety and climate change in the Americas: Issues and research needs UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5176103/ VL - 40 ID - 25320 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kienholz, Christian AU - Herreid, Sam AU - Rich, Justin L. AU - Arendt, Anthony A. AU - Hock, Regine AU - Burgess, Evan W. DA - // DO - 10.3189/2015JoG14J230 IS - 227 KW - GLACIER FLUCTUATIONS GLACIER MAPPING REMOTE SENSING PY - 2015 SP - 403-420 ST - Derivation and analysis of a complete modern-date glacier inventory for Alaska and northwest Canada T2 - Journal of Glaciology TI - Derivation and analysis of a complete modern-date glacier inventory for Alaska and northwest Canada VL - 61 ID - 22237 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is growing concern that rapid environmental degradation threatens mutualistic interactions. Because mutualisms can bind species to a common fate, mutualism breakdown has the potential to expand and accelerate effects of global change on biodiversity loss and ecosystem disruption. The current focus on the ecological dynamics of mutualism under global change has skirted fundamental evolutionary issues. Here, we develop an evolutionary perspective on mutualism breakdown to complement the ecological perspective, by focusing on three processes: (1) shifts from mutualism to antagonism, (2) switches to novel partners and (3) mutualism abandonment. We then identify the evolutionary factors that may make particular classes of mutualisms especially susceptible or resistant to breakdown and discuss how communities harbouring mutualisms may be affected by these evolutionary responses. We propose a template for evolutionary research on mutualism resilience and identify conservation approaches that may help conserve targeted mutualisms in the face of environmental change. AD - Institute of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ekiers@falw.vu.nl AU - Kiers, E. Toby AU - Palmer, T. M. AU - Ives, A. R. AU - Bruno, J. F. AU - Bronstein, J. L. C6 - NIEHS DA - Dec DO - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01538.x DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2010/10/20 IS - 12 KW - Animals Biological Evolution Ecosystem Environment Global Warming Humans Symbiosis/ physiology LA - eng N1 - Toby Kiers, E Palmer, Todd M Ives, Anthony R Bruno, John F Bronstein, Judith L Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England Ecol Lett. 2010 Dec;13(12):1459-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01538.x. Epub 2010 Oct 19. PY - 2010 RN - CCII Unique ; Excluded in Distiller SN - 1461-0248 (Electronic) 1461-023X (Linking) SP - 1459-1474 ST - Mutualisms in a changing world: An evolutionary perspective T2 - Ecology Letters TI - Mutualisms in a changing world: An evolutionary perspective VL - 13 ID - 8322 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kildow, Judith T. AU - Colgan, Charles S. AU - Johnston, Pat AU - Scorse, Jason D. AU - Farnum, Maren Gardiner CY - Monterey, CA PB - National Ocean Economics Program PY - 2016 SP - 31 ST - State of the U.S. Ocean and Coastal Economies: 2016 Update TI - State of the U.S. Ocean and Coastal Economies: 2016 Update UR - http://midatlanticocean.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/NOEP_National_Report_2016.pdf ID - 24021 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Killeen, Timothy J. AU - Harper, Grady CY - Arlington, VA PB - Conservation International PY - 2016 SP - 37 ST - Coffee in the 21st Century: Will Climate Change and Increased Demand Lead to New Deforestation? TI - Coffee in the 21st Century: Will Climate Change and Increased Demand Lead to New Deforestation? UR - https://www.conservation.org/publications/Documents/CI-Coffee-Report.pdf ID - 22095 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Emerging vector-borne diseases are an important issue in global health. Many vector-borne pathogens have appeared in new regions in the past two decades, while many endemic diseases have increased in incidence. Although introductions and emergence of endemic pathogens are often considered to be distinct processes, many endemic pathogens are actually spreading at a local scale coincident with habitat change. We draw attention to key differences between dynamics and disease burden that result from increased pathogen transmission after habitat change and after introduction into new regions. Local emergence is commonly driven by changes in human factors as much as by enhanced enzootic cycles, whereas pathogen invasion results from anthropogenic trade and travel where and when conditions (eg, hosts, vectors, and climate) are suitable for a pathogen. Once a pathogen is established, ecological factors related to vector characteristics can shape the evolutionary selective pressure and result in increased use of people as transmission hosts. We describe challenges inherent in the control of vector-borne zoonotic diseases and some emerging non-traditional strategies that could be effective in the long term. AD - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. akilpatr@ucsc.edu AU - Kilpatrick, A. M. AU - Randolph, S. E. C2 - 3739480 C6 - NIEHS DA - Dec 1 DB - DO - 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61151-9 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2012/12/04 IS - 9857 KW - Animals Blood-Borne Pathogens Climate Change Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/ prevention & control/transmission Disease Vectors Humans Incidence Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors Tick Infestations/epidemiology World Health Zoonoses/ epidemiology LA - eng N1 - Kilpatrick, A Marm Randolph, Sarah E R01 AI090159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review England Nihms495681 Lancet. 2012 Dec 1;380(9857):1946-55. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61151-9. PY - 2012 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1474-547X (Electronic) 0140-6736 (Linking) SP - 1946-1955 ST - Drivers, dynamics, and control of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases T2 - Lancet TI - Drivers, dynamics, and control of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases VL - 380 ID - 4654 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kim, Seung Hee AU - Kim, Jinwon AU - Walko, Rovert AU - Myoung, Boksoon AU - Stack, David AU - Kafatos, Menas DA - 2015/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.210 KW - Regional climate change yield potential crop model regional climate model maize Southwestern United States PY - 2015 SN - 1878-0296 SP - 279-280 ST - Climate change impacts on maize-yield potential in the southwestern United States T2 - Procedia Environmental Sciences TI - Climate change impacts on maize-yield potential in the southwestern United States VL - 29 ID - 23800 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Hatfield, J. L. A2 - Fleisher, D. AB - Concomitant with the increase in Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperatures are warming on a global scale. Crop growth models are useful tools to predict the likely effects of these global changes on agricultural productivity and to develop strategies to maximize the benefits and minimize the detriments of such changes. However, few models have been tested at the higher temperatures expected in the future. Therefore, we conducted an experiment, termed the Hot Serial Cereal Experiment, on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)—the world's foremost food and feed crop—to obtain a dataset appropriate for testing the high-temperature performance of wheat growth models. Wheat was planted serially about every 6 wk for over 2 yr at Maricopa, AZ, USA, which experiences the whole range of temperatures at which plants grow on Earth. In addition, on six planting dates, infrared heaters in a temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system were deployed over one-third of the plots to warm the plots by an additional 1.5°C during daytime and 3.0°C at night. Overall, a dataset covering 27 differently treated wheat crops was obtained covering an air temperature range from -2 to +42°C. Crop grain yields ranged from 0 to 800 g m-2. Crops planted in midwinter (normal planting time) yielded the most, as expected. Crops planted in fall suffered frost damage that was ameliorated by T-FACE warming, whereas spring-planted crops had lower yields that were exacerbated by T-FACE. Summer-planted crops failed. Regressions against season-long average air temperature revealed a lethal temperature of 32°C or higher. AU - Kimball, B.A. AU - White, J.W. AU - Wall, G.W. AU - Ottman, M.J. C4 - 7f759c70-2cca-46c6-ad9c-89a15cafea4a CY - Madison, WI DO - 10.2134/advagricsystmodel7.2014.0014 LA - English PB - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc. PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-89118-352-5 SP - 33-44 ST - Wheat responses to a wide range of temperatures: The Hot Serial Cereal Experiment SV - 7 T2 - Improving Modeling Tools to Assess Climate Change Effects on Crop Response T3 - Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling TI - Wheat responses to a wide range of temperatures: The Hot Serial Cereal Experiment ID - 23624 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kimmerer, Robin AU - Patterson, Neil CY - Syracuse, NY PB - Center for Native Peoples and the Environment PY - 2016 SP - 22 ST - Annual Report TI - Annual Report UR - http://www.esf.edu/nativepeoples/documents/CNPE2016Report.pdf ID - 26274 ER - TY - JOUR AU - King, Jonathan S. AU - Culp, Peter W. AU - de la Parra, Carlos PY - 2014 SP - 36 ST - Getting to the right side of the river: Lessons for binational cooperation on the road to minute 319 T2 - University of Denver Water Law Review TI - Getting to the right side of the river: Lessons for binational cooperation on the road to minute 319 VL - 18 ID - 22107 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kingsley, Samantha L. AU - Eliot, Melissa N. AU - Gold, Julia AU - Vanderslice, Robert R. AU - Wellenius, Gregory A. DO - 10.1289/ehp.1408826 IS - 4 PY - 2016 SP - 460-467 ST - Current and projected heat-related morbidity and mortality in Rhode Island T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Current and projected heat-related morbidity and mortality in Rhode Island VL - 124 ID - 21760 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Gordon, Kate AU - Kinniburgh, Fiona AU - Simonton, Mary Greer AU - Allouch, Candice CY - New York PB - Risky Business Project PY - 2015 SP - 109 ST - Come Heat and High Water: Climate Risk in the Southeastern U.S. and Texas TI - Come Heat and High Water: Climate Risk in the Southeastern U.S. and Texas UR - https://riskybusiness.org/site/assets/uploads/2015/09/Climate-Risk-in-Southeast-and-Texas.pdf ID - 24446 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kinsman, Nicole E.M. AU - DeRaps, Meagan R CY - Fairbanks DO - 10.14509/24484 PB - Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys PY - 2012 SN - Report of Investigation 2012-2, v. 1.1 SP - 51 ST - Coastal Hazard Field Investigations in Response to the November 2011 Bering Sea Storm, Norton Sound, Alaska TI - Coastal Hazard Field Investigations in Response to the November 2011 Bering Sea Storm, Norton Sound, Alaska ID - 25848 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Despite the rapid evolution and growing complexity in models of science-society interaction, the rate and breadth of use of scientific knowledge in environmental decision making, especially related to climate variability and change, remain below expectations. This suggests a persistent gap between production and use that, to date, efforts to rethink and restructure science production have not been able to surmount. We review different models of science-policy interfaces to understand how they have influenced the organization of knowledge production and application. We then explore how new approaches to the creation of knowledge have emerged, involving both growing integration across disciplines and greater interaction with users. Finally, we review climate information use in the United States and United Kingdom to explore how the structure of knowledge production and the characteristics of users and their decision environments expose the challenges of broadening usable climate science. AU - Kirchhoff, Christine J. AU - Lemos, Maria Carmen AU - Dessai, Suraje DO - 10.1146/annurev-environ-022112-112828 IS - 1 KW - science-policy model,information usability,RISA,UK Climate Program PY - 2013 SP - 393-414 ST - Actionable knowledge for environmental decision making: Broadening the usability of climate science T2 - Annual Review of Environment and Resources TI - Actionable knowledge for environmental decision making: Broadening the usability of climate science VL - 38 ID - 26587 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) has decreased over recent decades, with record-setting minimum events in 2007 and again in 2012. A question of interest across many disciplines concerns the extent to which such extreme events can be attributed to anthropogenic influences. First, a detection and attribution analysis is performed for trends in SIE anomalies over the observed period. The main objective of this study is an event attribution analysis for extreme minimum events in Arctic SIE. Although focus is placed on the 2012 event, the results are generalized to extreme events of other magnitudes, including both past and potential future extremes. Several ensembles of model responses are used, including two single-model large ensembles. Using several different metrics to define the events in question, it is shown that an extreme SIE minimum of the magnitude seen in 2012 is consistent with a scenario including anthropogenic influence and is extremely unlikely in a scenario excluding anthropogenic influence. Hence, the 2012 Arctic sea ice minimum provides a counterexample to the often-quoted idea that individual extreme events cannot be attributed to human influence. AU - Kirchmeier-Young, Megan C. AU - Zwiers, Francis W. AU - Gillett, Nathan P. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-16-0412.1 IS - 2 KW - Sea ice,Extreme events,Anthropogenic effects,Climate change,Statistics PY - 2017 SP - 553-571 ST - Attribution of extreme events in Arctic sea ice extent T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Attribution of extreme events in Arctic sea ice extent VL - 30 ID - 20795 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kirk, Steven A. CY - Charleston, SC N1 - Undated. Year provided by author in response to email. PB - City of Charleston, Storm Water Service PY - 2009 RP - Undated. Year provided by author in response to email. ST - Why Does It Seem Like Charleston Always Floods When It Rains? TI - Why Does It Seem Like Charleston Always Floods When It Rains? UR - http://www.charleston-sc.gov/index.aspx?NID=588 ID - 24598 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The fire-dependent longleaf pine–wiregrass (Pinus palustris Mill.–Aristida beyrichiana Trin. & Rupr.) savannas of the southeastern United States provide a unique opportunity to examine the relationship between productivity and species richness in a natural ecosystem because of the extremely high number of species and their range across a wide ecological amplitude (sandhills to edges of wetlands). We used a natural gradient to examine how plant species richness and plant community structure vary with standing crop biomass (which in this system is proportional to annual net productivity) as a function of soil moisture and nitrogen mineralization rates in a frequently burned longleaf pine–wiregrass savanna. Highest ground cover biomass and highest species richness were found at the same position along the gradient, the wet-mesic sites. Relative differences in species richness among site types were independent of scale, ranging from 0.01 m2 to 100 m2. Nitrogen availability was negatively correlated with species richness. Dominance of wiregrass (in terms of biomass) was consistent across the gradient and not correlated with species richness. Regardless of site type, the community structure of the savannas was characterized by many perennial species with infrequent occurrences, a factor in the low temporal heterogeneity (percent similarity between seasons and years) and high within-site spatial heterogeneity (percent dissimilarity of vegetation composition). The coexistence of numerous species is likely due to the high frequency of fire that removes competing hardwood vegetation and litter and to the suite of fire-adapted perennial species that, once established, are able to persist. Our results suggest that soil moisture is an important factor regulating both the number of species present and community production within the defined gradient of this study. AU - Kirkman, L. Katherine AU - Mitchell, Robert J. AU - Helton, R. Carol AU - Drew, Mark B. DO - 10.2307/3558437 IS - 11 PY - 2001 SP - 2119-2128 ST - Productivity and species richness across an environmental gradient in a fire-dependent ecosystem T2 - American Journal of Botany TI - Productivity and species richness across an environmental gradient in a fire-dependent ecosystem VL - 88 ID - 26315 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An analysis of the interdependencies of the impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies upon infrastructure systems in the Metro Boston urban area in the northeastern USA found that taking anticipatory actions well before 2050 results in less total adaptation and impact costs to the region than taking no actions. Because of the interrelations among infrastructure systems, it is critical to take account of the impacts that adaptation actions have on each other and other systems. For the most part these cross-system effects are complementary in nature. But there are important exceptions, so an integrated approach to adaptation policy formulation is needed. Furthermore, adaptation efforts must be designed so as not to confound mitigation efforts. AU - Kirshen, Paul AU - Ruth, Matthias AU - Anderson, William DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-007-9252-5 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2008 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 105-122 ST - Interdependencies of urban climate change impacts and adaptation strategies: A case study of Metropolitan Boston USA T2 - Climatic Change TI - Interdependencies of urban climate change impacts and adaptation strategies: A case study of Metropolitan Boston USA VL - 86 ID - 23047 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kirtland Turner, Sandra AU - Sexton, Philip F. AU - Charles, Christopher D. AU - Norris, Richard D. DA - 10//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo2240 IS - 10 M3 - Letter PY - 2014 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 748-751 ST - Persistence of carbon release events through the peak of early Eocene global warmth T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Persistence of carbon release events through the peak of early Eocene global warmth VL - 7 ID - 20600 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Kirtman, B. AU - Power, S.B. AU - Adedoyin, J.A. AU - Boer, G.J. AU - Bojariu, R. AU - Camilloni, I. AU - Doblas-Reyes, F.J. AU - Fiore, A.M. AU - Kimoto, M. AU - Meehl, G.A. AU - Prather, M. AU - Sarr, A. AU - Schär, C. AU - Sutton, R. AU - van Oldenborgh, G.J. AU - Vecchi, G. AU - Wang, H.J. C4 - 2f638e6d-6ba0-4426-a196-fbc3ef435d40 CY - Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 RN - www.climatechange2013.org SE - 11 SN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 953–1028 ST - Near-term climate change: Projections and predictability T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Near-term climate change: Projections and predictability UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ ID - 16465 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Assumptions of a static landscape inspire predictions that about half of the world's coastal wetlands will submerge during this century in response to sea-level acceleration. In contrast, we use simulations from five numerical models to quantify the conditions under which ecogeomorphic feedbacks allow coastal wetlands to adapt to projected changes in sea level. In contrast to previous sea-level assessments, we find that non-linear feedbacks among inundation, plant growth, organic matter accretion, and sediment deposition, allow marshes to survive conservative projections of sea-level rise where suspended sediment concentrations are greater than similar to 20 mg/L. Under scenarios of more rapid sea-level rise (e. g., those that include ice sheet melting), marshes will likely submerge near the end of the 21st century. Our results emphasize that in areas of rapid geomorphic change, predicting the response of ecosystems to climate change requires consideration of the ability of biological processes tomodify their physical environment. Citation: Kirwan, M. L., G. R. Guntenspergen, A. D'Alpaos, J. T. Morris, S. M. Mudd, and S. Temmerman (2010), Limits on the adaptability of coastal marshes to rising sea level, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23401, doi:10.1029/2010GL045489. AD - Kirwan, ML; US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA; US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA; US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA; Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA; Univ Padua, Dipartimento Geosci, I-3513 Padua, Italy; Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA; Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland; Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium AN - ISI:000285013600003 AU - Kirwan, M. L. AU - Guntenspergen, G. R. AU - D’Alpaos, A. AU - Morris, J. T. AU - Mudd, S. M. AU - Temmerman, S. C6 - NCA DA - Dec 1 DO - 10.1029/2010gl045489 IS - 23 KW - ecosystem services; rise; sedimentation; wetlands; estuary; USA LA - English N1 - 690OH; Times Cited:10; Cited References Count:29 PY - 2010 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L23401 ST - Limits on the adaptability of coastal marshes to rising sea level T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Limits on the adaptability of coastal marshes to rising sea level VL - 37 ID - 14078 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coastal populations and wetlands have been intertwined for centuries, whereby humans both influence and depend on the extensive ecosystem services that wetlands provide. Although coastal wetlands have long been considered vulnerable to sea-level rise, recent work has identified fascinating feedbacks between plant growth and geomorphology that allow wetlands to actively resist the deleterious effects of sea-level rise. Humans alter the strength of these feedbacks by changing the climate, nutrient inputs, sediment delivery and subsidence rates. Whether wetlands continue to survive sea-level rise depends largely on how human impacts interact with rapid sea-level rise, and socio-economic factors that influence transgression into adjacent uplands. AU - Kirwan, Matthew L. AU - Megonigal, J. Patrick DA - 12/05/print DO - 10.1038/nature12856 IS - 7478 M3 - Insight PY - 2013 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 53-60 ST - Tidal wetland stability in the face of human impacts and sea-level rise T2 - Nature TI - Tidal wetland stability in the face of human impacts and sea-level rise VL - 504 ID - 21501 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coastal marshes are considered to be among the most valuable and vulnerable ecosystems on Earth, where the imminent loss of ecosystem services is a feared consequence of sea level rise. However, we show with a meta-analysis that global measurements of marsh elevation change indicate that marshes are generally building at rates similar to or exceeding historical sea level rise, and that process-based models predict survival under a wide range of future sea level scenarios. We argue that marsh vulnerability tends to be overstated because assessment methods often fail to consider biophysical feedback processes known to accelerate soil building with sea level rise, and the potential for marshes to migrate inland. AU - Kirwan, Matthew L. AU - Temmerman, Stijn AU - Skeehan, Emily E. AU - Guntenspergen, Glenn R. AU - Fagherazzi, Sergio DA - 03//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2909 IS - 3 M3 - Perspective PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 253-260 ST - Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise VL - 6 ID - 21759 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kisekka, I. AU - Schlegel, A. AU - Ma, L. AU - Gowda, P. H. AU - Prasad, P. V. V. DA - 2017/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.023 KW - Preplant irrigation Irrigation capacity RZWQM DSSAT-CSM CERES-Maize Maize yield Evapotranspiration Soil water evaporation PY - 2017 SN - 0378-3774 SP - 154-163 ST - Optimizing preplant irrigation for maize under limited water in the High Plains T2 - Agricultural Water Management TI - Optimizing preplant irrigation for maize under limited water in the High Plains VL - 187 ID - 23548 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While the Midwestern USA ranks among the world’s most important corn-soybean production regions, the area also produces a variety of high-value specialty crops. These crops are an important component of the region’s rural economy with an estimated value of $1.8 billion in 2012. More profitable per-acre than many row crops, specialty crops also have higher production-related risks. They are generally more sensitive to climatic stressors and require more comprehensive management compared to traditional row crops. Temperature and precipitation fluctuations across the Midwest directly impact specialty crop production quantity and quality and indirectly influence the timing of crucial farm operations and the economic impacts of pests, weeds, and diseases. Increasingly variable weather and climate change pose a serious threat to specialty crop production in the Midwest. In this article, we assess how climate variability and observed climatic trends are impacting Midwestern specialty crop production using USDA Risk Management Agency data. In addition, we review current trends in grower perceptions of risks associated with a changing climate and assess sustainable adaptation strategies. Our results indicate that weather-induced losses vary by state with excessive moisture resulting in the highest total number of claims across all Midwestern states followed by freeze and drought events. Overall, specialty crop growers are aware of the increased production risk under a changing climate and have identified the need for crop-specific weather, production, and financial risk management tools and increased crop insurance coverage. AU - Kistner, Erica AU - Kellner, Olivia AU - Andresen, Jeffrey AU - Todey, Dennis AU - Morton, Lois Wright DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2066-1 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 145-158 ST - Vulnerability of specialty crops to short-term climatic variability and adaptation strategies in the Midwestern USA T2 - Climatic Change TI - Vulnerability of specialty crops to short-term climatic variability and adaptation strategies in the Midwestern USA VL - 146 ID - 26588 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND: The observational evidence of the impacts of climate conditions on human health is accumulating. A variety of direct, indirect, and systemically mediated health effects have been identified. Excessive daily heat exposures create direct effects, such as heat stroke (and possibly death), reduce work productivity, and interfere with daily household activities. Extreme weather events, including storms, floods, and droughts, create direct injury risks and follow-on outbreaks of infectious diseases, lack of nutrition, and mental stress. Climate change will increase these direct health effects. Indirect effects include malnutrition and under-nutrition due to failing local agriculture, spread of vector-borne diseases and other infectious diseases, and mental health and other problems caused by forced migration from affected homes and workplaces. Examples of systemically mediated impacts on population health include famine, conflicts, and the consequences of large-scale adverse economic effects due to reduced human and environmental productivity. This article highlights links between climate change and non-communicable health problems, a major concern for global health beyond 2015. DISCUSSION: Detailed regional analysis of climate conditions clearly shows increasing temperatures in many parts of the world. Climate modelling indicates that by the year 2100 the global average temperature may have increased by 34 degrees C unless fundamental reductions in current global trends for greenhouse gas emissions are achieved. Given other unforeseeable environmental, social, demographic, and geopolitical changes that may occur in a plus-4-degree world, that scenario may comprise a largely uninhabitable world for millions of people and great social and military tensions. CONCLUSION: It is imperative that we identify actions and strategies that are effective in reducing these increasingly likely threats to health and well-being. The fundamental preventive strategy is, of course, climate change mitigation by significantly reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, especially long-acting carbon dioxide (CO(2)), and by increasing the uptake of CO(2) at the earth's surface. This involves urgent shifts in energy production from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, energy conservation in building design and urban planning, and reduced waste of energy for transport, building heating/cooling, and agriculture. It would also involve shifts in agricultural production and food systems to reduce energy and water use particularly in meat production. There is also potential for prevention via mitigation, adaptation, or resilience building actions, but for the large populations in tropical countries, mitigation of climate change is required to achieve health protection solutions that will last. AD - Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umea Centre for Global Health Research, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. kjellstromt@yahoo.com AU - Kjellstrom, T. AU - McMichael, A. J. C2 - 3617647 C6 - NIEHS DB - DO - 10.3402/gha.v6i0.20816 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2013/04/09 KW - Climate Change Environment Environmental Policy Health Status Humans Models, Statistical Socioeconomic Factors LA - eng N1 - Kjellstrom, Tord McMichael, Anthony J Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Sweden Glob Health Action. 2013 Apr 3;6:20816. doi: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.20816. PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1654-9880 (Electronic) 1654-9880 (Linking) SP - 20816 ST - Climate change threats to population health and well-being: The imperative of protective solutions that will last T2 - Global Health Action TI - Climate change threats to population health and well-being: The imperative of protective solutions that will last VL - 6 ID - 4663 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Klein, R. J. T. AU - Midgley, G. F. AU - Preston, B. L. AU - Alam, M. AU - Berkhout, F. G. H. AU - Dow, K. AU - Shaw, M. R. C4 - 6f504af2-a3a0-46c3-a8bd-9f5f266bd5bf CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 16 SP - 899-943 ST - Adaptation opportunities, constraints, and limits T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Adaptation opportunities, constraints, and limits ID - 17687 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Klein Rosenthal, Joyce AU - Kinney, Patrick L. AU - Metzger, Kristina B. DA - 2014/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.07.014 KW - Neighborhood characteristics Vulnerability Heat-related mortality Health disparities Housing quality PY - 2014 SN - 1353-8292 SP - 45-60 ST - Intra-urban vulnerability to heat-related mortality in New York City, 1997–2006 T2 - Health & Place TI - Intra-urban vulnerability to heat-related mortality in New York City, 1997–2006 VL - 30 ID - 24118 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Klein, Steve AU - Herron, Hope AU - Butcher, Jonathan CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2017 SN - EPA/600/R-17/281 SP - 62 ST - EPA Region 10 Climate Change and TMDL Pilot—South Fork Nooksack River, Washington TI - EPA Region 10 Climate Change and TMDL Pilot—South Fork Nooksack River, Washington UR - https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P100T3ZT.PDF?Dockey=P100T3ZT.PDF ID - 26515 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Static networks of nature reserves disregard the dynamics of species ranges in changing environments. In fact, climate warming has been shown to potentially drive endangered species out of reserves. Less attention has been paid to the related problem that a warmer climate may also foster the invasion of alien species into reserve networks. Here, we use niche-based predictive modelling to assess to which extent the Austrian Natura 2000 network and a number of habitat types of conservation value outside this network might be prone to climate warming driven changes in invasion risk by Robinia pseudacacia L., one of the most problematic alien plants in Europe. Results suggest that the area potentially invaded by R. pseudacacia will increase considerably under a warmer climate. Interestingly, invasion risk will grow at a higher than average rate for most of the studied habitat types but less than the national average in Natura 2000 sites. This result points to a potential bias in legal protection towards high mountain areas which largely will remain too cold for R. pseudacacia. In contrast, the selected habitat types are more frequent in montane or lower lying regions, where R. pseudacacia invasion risk will increase most pronouncedly. We conclude that management plans of nature reserves should incorporate global warming driven changes in invasion risk in a more explicit manner. In case of R. pseudacacia, reducing propagule pressure by avoiding purposeful plantation in the neighbourhood of reserves and endangered habitats is a simple but crucial measure to prevent further invasion under a warmer climate. AU - Kleinbauer, I. AU - Dullinger, S. AU - Peterseil, J. AU - Essl, F. DA - 2010/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.10.024 DP - ScienceDirect IS - 2 KW - Austria Endangered habitats Invasion risk Natura 2000 Reserve networks Species distribution models PY - 2010 SN - 0006-3207 SP - 382-390 ST - Climate change might drive the invasive tree Robinia pseudacacia into nature reserves and endangered habitats T2 - Biological Conservation TI - Climate change might drive the invasive tree Robinia pseudacacia into nature reserves and endangered habitats VL - 143 ID - 22462 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many studies illustrate variable patterns in individual species distribution shifts in response to changing temperature. However, an assemblage, a group of species that shares a common environmental niche, will likely exhibit similar responses to climate changes, and these community-level responses may have significant implications for ecosystem function. Therefore, we examine the relationship between observed shifts of species in assemblages and regional climate velocity (i.e., the rate and direction of change of temperature isotherms). The assemblages are defined in two sub-regions of the U.S. Northeast Shelf that have heterogeneous oceanography and bathymetry using four decades of bottom trawl survey data and we explore temporal changes in distribution, spatial range extent, thermal habitat area, and biomass, within assemblages. These sub-regional analyses allow the dissection of the relative roles of regional climate velocity and local physiography in shaping observed distribution shifts. We find that assemblages of species associated with shallower, warmer waters tend to shift west-southwest and to shallower waters over time, possibly towards cooler temperatures in the semi-enclosed Gulf of Maine, while species assemblages associated with relatively cooler and deeper waters shift deeper, but with little latitudinal change. Conversely, species assemblages associated with warmer and shallower water on the broad, shallow continental shelf from the Mid-Atlantic Bight to Georges Bank shift strongly northeast along latitudinal gradients with little change in depth. Shifts in depth among the southern species associated with deeper and cooler waters are more variable, although predominantly shifts are toward deeper waters. In addition, spatial expansion and contraction of species assemblages in each region corresponds to the area of suitable thermal habitat, but is inversely related to assemblage biomass. This suggests that assemblage distribution shifts in conjunction with expansion or contraction of thermal habitat acts to compress or stretch marine species assemblages, which may respectively amplify or dilute species interactions to an extent that is rarely considered. Overall, regional differences in climate change effects on the movement and extent of species assemblages hold important implications for management, mitigation, and adaptation on the U.S. Northeast Shelf. AU - Kleisner, Kristin M. AU - Fogarty, Michael J. AU - McGee, Sally AU - Barnett, Analie AU - Fratantoni, Paula AU - Greene, Jennifer AU - Hare, Jonathan A. AU - Lucey, Sean M. AU - McGuire, Christopher AU - Odell, Jay AU - Saba, Vincent S. AU - Smith, Laurel AU - Weaver, Katherine J. AU - Pinsky, Malin L. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0149220 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SP - e0149220 ST - The effects of sub-regional climate velocity on the distribution and spatial extent of marine species assemblages T2 - PLOS ONE TI - The effects of sub-regional climate velocity on the distribution and spatial extent of marine species assemblages VL - 11 ID - 21758 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kleisner, Kristin M. AU - Fogarty, Michael J. AU - McGee, Sally AU - Hare, Jonathan A. AU - Moret, Skye AU - Perretti, Charles T. AU - Saba, Vincent S. DA - 2017/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.pocean.2017.04.001 KW - Climate change Thermal habitat Global climate model Northwest Atlantic Temperature shifts PY - 2017 SN - 0079-6611 SP - 24-36 ST - Marine species distribution shifts on the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf under continued ocean warming T2 - Progress in Oceanography TI - Marine species distribution shifts on the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf under continued ocean warming VL - 153 ID - 21757 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Klempa, B. DA - 2009/06/01/ DO - 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02848.x IS - 6 KW - Climate hantavirus insectivore rodent PY - 2009 SN - 1198-743X SP - 518-523 ST - Hantaviruses and climate change T2 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection TI - Hantaviruses and climate change VL - 15 ID - 23245 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We estimated nest success of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), gadwall (A. strepera), blue-winged teal (A. discors), northern shoveler (A. clypeata), and northern pintail (A. acuta) for 5 regions in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota, for 1-3 periods between 1966 and 1984, and for 8 habitat classes. We obtained composite estimates of nest success for regions and periods by weighting each habitat proportional to the number of nest initiations. The distribution of nest initiations was derived from estimates of breeding populations, preferences of species for nesting habitats, and availability of habitats. Nest success rates ranged from <5 to 36% among regions, periods, and species. Rates were lowest in western Minnesota (MNW) and eastern North Dakota (NDE), intermediate in central North Dakota (NDC) and eastern South Dakota (SDE), and highest in central South Dakota (SDC). In regions with comparable data, no consistent trend in nest success was apparent from early to late periods. Gadwalls and blue-winged teal nested more successfully than mallards and pintails; the relative success of shovelers varied regionally. Ducks nesting in idle grassland were the most successful and those nesting in cropland were least successful. Mammalian predation was the major cause of nesting failure (54-85%) in all habitats, but farming operations resulted in 37 and 27% of the nesting failures in cropland and hayland, respectively. Most of the populations studied were not self-sustaining. AU - Klett, Albert T. AU - Shaffer, Terry L. AU - Johnson, Douglas H. C1 - Full publication date: Jul., 1988 DO - 10.2307/3801586 IS - 3 PY - 1988 SN - 0022541X, 19372817 SP - 431-440 ST - Duck nest success in the Prairie Pothole Region T2 - The Journal of Wildlife Management TI - Duck nest success in the Prairie Pothole Region VL - 52 ID - 25937 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Extreme events (e.g. flooding) threaten critical infrastructure including power supplies. Many interlinked systems in the modern world depend on a reliable power supply to function effectively. The health sector is no exception, but the impact of power outages on health is poorly understood. Greater understanding is essential so that adverse health impacts can be prevented and/or mitigated. Methods We searched Medline, CINAHL and Scopus for papers about the health impacts of power outages during extreme events published in 2011-2012. A thematic analysis was undertaken on the extracted information. The Public Health England Extreme Events Bulletins between 01/01/2013 - 31/03/2013 were used to identify extreme events that led to power outages during this three-month period. Results We identified 20 relevant articles. Power outages were found to impact health at many levels within diverse settings. Recurrent themes included the difficulties of accessing healthcare, maintaining frontline services and the challenges of community healthcare. We identified 52 power outages in 19 countries that were the direct consequence of extreme events during the first three months of 2013. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first review of the health impacts of power outages. We found the current evidence and knowledge base to be poor. With scientific consensus predicting an increase in the frequency and magnitude of extreme events due to climate change, the gaps in knowledge need to be addressed in order to mitigate the impact of power outages on global health. AD - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, UK. Extreme Events and Health Protection, Public Health England, London, UK. AU - Klinger, C. AU - Landeg, O. AU - Murray, V. C2 - Pmc3879211 DP - Nlm ET - 2014/01/25 LA - eng PY - 2014 ST - Power outages, extreme events and health: A systematic review of the literature from 2011-2012 T2 - PLOS Currents: Disasters TI - Power outages, extreme events and health: A systematic review of the literature from 2011-2012 UR - http://currents.plos.org/disasters/index.html%3Fp=10801.html VL - 6 ID - 18991 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Kloesel, K. AU - Bartush, B. AU - Banner, J. AU - Brown, D. AU - Hayhoe, K. AU - Lemory, J. AU - Lin, X. AU - McManus, G. AU - Mullens, E. AU - Nielsen-Gammon, J. AU - Shafer, M. AU - Sorenson, C. AU - Sperry, S. AU - Wildcat, D. AU - Ziolkowska, J. C4 - f491e57f-53a1-4526-8e78-ba8bad90e3cf CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH23 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 23 SP - xxx ST - Southern Great Plains T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Southern Great Plains ID - 26660 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is well documented at the global scale, but local and regional changes are not as well understood. Finer, local- to regional-scale information is needed for creating specific, place-based planning and adaption efforts. Here the development of an indicator-focused climate change assessment in Idaho is described. This interdisciplinary framework couples end users’ data needs with observed, biophysical changes at local to regional scales. An online statewide survey of natural resource professionals was conducted to assess the perceived impacts from climate change and determine the biophysical data needed to measure those impacts. Changes to water resources and wildfire risk were the highest areas of concern among resource professionals. Guided by the survey results, 15 biophysical indicator datasets were summarized that included direct climate metrics (e.g., air temperature) and indicators only partially influenced by climate (e.g., wildfire). Quantitative changes in indicators were determined using time series analysis from 1975 to 2010. Indicators displayed trends of varying likelihood over the analysis period, including increasing growing-season length, increasing annual temperature, increasing forest area burned, changing mountain bluebird and lilac phenology, increasing precipitation intensity, earlier center of timing of streamflow, and decreased 1 April snowpack; changes in volumetric streamflow, salmon migration dates, and stream temperature displayed the least likelihood. A final conceptual framework derived from the social and biophysical data provides an interdisciplinary case example useful for consideration by others when choosing indicators at local to regional scales for climate change assessments. AU - Klos, P. Zion AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Bean, Alycia AU - Blades, Jarod AU - Clark, Melissa A. AU - Dodd, Megan AU - Hall, Troy E. AU - Haruch, Amanda AU - Higuera, Philip E. AU - Holbrook, Joseph D. AU - Jansen, Vincent S. AU - Kemp, Kerry AU - Lankford, Amber AU - Link, Timothy E. AU - Magney, Troy AU - Meddens, Arjan J. H. AU - Mitchell, Liza AU - Moore, Brandon AU - Morgan, Penelope AU - Newingham, Beth A. AU - Niemeyer, Ryan J. AU - Soderquist, Ben AU - Suazo, Alexis A. AU - Vierling, Kerri T. AU - Walden, Von AU - Walsh, Chelsea DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-13-00070.1 IS - 3 KW - Climate change,Regional effects,Regression analysis,Time series,Trends,Local effects PY - 2015 SP - 238-254 ST - Indicators of climate change in Idaho: An assessment framework for coupling biophysical change and social perception T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Indicators of climate change in Idaho: An assessment framework for coupling biophysical change and social perception VL - 7 ID - 24611 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Klos, P. Zion AU - Link, Timothy E. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. DO - 10.1002/2014GL060500 IS - 13 KW - precipitation phase rain-snow transition rain snow transition climate change 0736 Snow 1621 Cryospheric change 1637 Regional climate change 1854 Precipitation 1840 Hydrometeorology PY - 2014 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 4560-4568 ST - Extent of the rain–snow transition zone in the western U.S. under historic and projected climate T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Extent of the rain–snow transition zone in the western U.S. under historic and projected climate VL - 41 ID - 20539 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kløve, Bjørn AU - Ala-Aho, Pertti AU - Bertrand, Guillaume AU - Gurdak, Jason J. AU - Kupfersberger, Hans AU - Kværner, Jens AU - Muotka, Timo AU - Mykrä, Heikki AU - Preda, Elena AU - Rossi, Pekka AU - Uvo, Cintia Bertacchi AU - Velasco, Elzie AU - Pulido-Velazquez, Manuel DA - 2014/10/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.037 IS - Part B KW - Groundwater Climate Ecosystems Global change Land use Management PY - 2014 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 250-266 ST - Climate change impacts on groundwater and dependent ecosystems T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Climate change impacts on groundwater and dependent ecosystems VL - 518 ID - 23219 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Interannual variability in aboveground net primary production (ANPP) was assessed with long-term (mean = 12 years) data from 11 Long Term Ecological Research sites across North America. The greatest interannual variability in ANPP occurred in grasslands and old fields, with forests the least variable. At a continental scale, ANPP was strongly correlated with annual precipitation. However, interannual variability in ANPP was not related to variability in precipitation. Instead, maximum variability in ANPP occurred in biomes where high potential growth rates of herbaceous vegetation were combined with moderate variability in precipitation. In the most dynamic biomes, ANPP responded more strongly to wet than to dry years. Recognition of the fourfold range in ANPP dynamics across biomes and of the factors that constrain this variability is critical for detecting the biotic impacts of global change phenomena.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/291/5503/481.full.pdf AU - Knapp, Alan K. AU - Smith, Melinda D. DO - 10.1126/science.291.5503.481 IS - 5503 PY - 2001 SP - 481-484 ST - Variation among biomes in temporal dynamics of aboveground primary production T2 - Science TI - Variation among biomes in temporal dynamics of aboveground primary production VL - 291 ID - 21591 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Knapp, Corrine Noel AU - Trainor, Sarah F. DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.07.007 PY - 2013 SE - 1296 SP - 1296-1306 ST - Adapting science to a warming world T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Adapting science to a warming world VL - 23 ID - 22238 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Knapp, Corrine Noel AU - Trainor, Sarah F. DO - 10.1080/1088937X.2014.999844 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - 42-69 ST - Alaskan stakeholder-defined research needs in the context of climate change T2 - Polar Geography TI - Alaskan stakeholder-defined research needs in the context of climate change VL - 38 ID - 22239 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Knopman, Debra AU - Lempert, Robert J. CY - Santa Monica KW - urban Adaptation climate change PB - RAND Corporation PY - 2016 ST - Urban Responses to Climate Change: Framework for Decisionmaking and Supporting Indicators TI - Urban Responses to Climate Change: Framework for Decisionmaking and Supporting Indicators UR - http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1144.html ID - 22768 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Knopman, Debra AU - Lempert, Robert J. C4 - bca16f6c-7ea2-432c-b5cf-8b2688e5764b CY - Santa Monica, CA DO - 10.7249/RR1144 PB - RAND Corporation PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-8330-9659-3 SP - 11-26 ST - Risk governance framework for decisionmaking SV - RR-1144-MCF T2 - Urban Responses to Climate Change: Framework for Decisionmaking and Supporting Indicators TI - Risk governance framework for decisionmaking ID - 25640 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coastal communities with road infrastructure close to the shoreline are vulnerable to the effects of sea level rise caused by climate change. The sea level in coastal New Hampshire is projected to rise by 3.9 to 6.6 ft (1.2 to 2.0 m) by 2100. Climate change vulnerability and adaptation studies have focused on surface water flooding caused by sea level rise; however, little attention has been given to the effects of climate change on groundwater. Groundwater is expected to rise with sea level rise and will intersect the unbound layers of coastal road infrastructure, thus reducing the service life of pavement. Vulnerability studies are an essential part of adaptation planning, and pavement engineers are looking for methods to identify roads that may experience premature failure. In this study, a regional groundwater flow model of coastal New Hampshire was used to identify road infrastructure for which rising groundwater will move into the unbound materials during the design life of the pavement. Multilayer elastic theory was used to analyze typical pavement profiles in several functional classifications of roadway to determine the magnitude of fatigue and rutting life reduction expected from four scenarios of sea level rise. All the evaluation sites experienced service life reduction, the magnitude and timing of which depended on the current depth to groundwater, the pavement structure, and the subgrade. The use of this methodology will enable pavement engineers to target coastal road adaptation projects effectively and will result in significant cost savings compared with implementation of broad adaptation projects or the costs of no action. AU - Knott, Jayne F. AU - Elshaer, Mohamed AU - Daniel, Jo Sias AU - Jacobs, Jennifer M. AU - Kirshen, Paul DO - 10.3141/2639-01 PY - 2017 SP - 1-10 ST - Assessing the effects of rising groundwater from sea level rise on the service life of pavements in coastal road infrastructure T2 - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board TI - Assessing the effects of rising groundwater from sea level rise on the service life of pavements in coastal road infrastructure VL - 2639 ID - 21756 ER - TY - JOUR AB - California's primary hydrologic system, the San Francisco estuary and its upstream watershed, is vulnerable to the regional hydrologic consequences of projected global climate change. Projected temperature anomalies from a global climate model are used to drive a combined model of watershed hydrology and estuarine dynamics. By 2090, a projected temperature increase of 2.1°C results in a loss of about half of the average April snowpack storage, with greatest losses in the northern headwaters. Consequently, spring runoff is reduced by 5.6 km3 (∼20% of historical annual runoff), with associated increases in winter flood peaks. The smaller spring flows yield spring/summer salinity increases of up to 9 psu, with larger increases in wet years. AU - Knowles, Noah AU - Cayan, Daniel R. DO - 10.1029/2001GL014339 IS - 18 PY - 2002 SP - 1891 ST - Potential effects of global warming on the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed and the San Francisco estuary T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Potential effects of global warming on the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed and the San Francisco estuary VL - 29 ID - 26371 ER - TY - JOUR AB - California's primary hydrologic system, the San Francisco Estuary and its upstream watershed, is vulnerable to the regional hydrologic consequences of projected global climate change. Previous work has shown that a projected warming would result in a reduction of snowpack storage leading to higher winter and lower spring-summer streamflows and increased spring-summer salinities in the estuary. The present work shows that these hydrologic changes exhibit a strong dependence on elevation, with the greatest loss of snowpack volume in the 1300–2700 m elevation range. Exploiting hydrologic and estuarine modeling capabilities to trace water as it moves through the system reveals that the shift of water in mid-elevations of the Sacramento river basin from snowmelt to rainfall runoff is the dominant cause of projected changes in estuarine inflows and salinity. Additionally, although spring-summer losses of estuarine inflows are balanced by winter gains, the losses have a stronger influence on salinity since longer spring-summer residence times allow the inflow changes to accumulate in the estuary. The changes in inflows sourced in the Sacramento River basin in approximately the 1300–2200 m elevation range thereby lead to a net increase in estuarine salinity under the projected warming. Such changes would impact ecosystems throughout the watershed and threaten to contaminate much of California's freshwater supply. AU - Knowles, Noah AU - Cayan, Daniel R. DA - January 01 DO - 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013696.14308.b9 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2004 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 319-336 ST - Elevational dependence of projected hydrologic changes in the San Francisco estuary and watershed T2 - Climatic Change TI - Elevational dependence of projected hydrologic changes in the San Francisco estuary and watershed VL - 62 ID - 26372 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The water resources of the western United States depend heavily on snowpack to store part of the wintertime precipitation into the drier summer months. A well-documented shift toward earlier runoff in recent decades has been attributed to 1) more precipitation falling as rain instead of snow and 2) earlier snowmelt. The present study addresses the former, documenting a regional trend toward smaller ratios of winter-total snowfall water equivalent (SFE) to winter-total precipitation (P) during the period 1949-2004.|The trends toward reduced SFE are a response to warming across the region, with the most significant reductions occurring where winter wet-day minimum temperatures, averaged over the study period, were warmer than -5 degrees C. Most SFE reductions were associated with winter wet-day temperature increases between 0 degrees and -3 degrees C over the study period. Warmings larger than this occurred mainly at sites where the mean temperatures were cool enough that the precipitation form was less susceptible to warming trends.|The trends toward reduced SFE/P ratios were most pronounced in March regionwide and in January near the West Coast, corresponding to widespread warming in these months. While mean temperatures in March were sufficiently high to allow the warming trend to produce SFE/P declines across the study region, mean January temperatures were cooler, with the result that January SFE/P impacts were restricted to the lower elevations near the West Coast.|Extending the analysis back to 1920 shows that although the trends presented here may be partially attributable to interdecadal climate variability associated with the Pacific decadal oscillation, they also appear to result from still longer-term climate shifts. AD - Knowles, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 496,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA; US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA; Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA AU - Knowles, N. AU - Dettinger, M.D. AU - Cayan, D.R. C6 - NCA DA - SEP 2006 DO - 10.1175/JCLI3850.1 IS - 18 KW - SNOWMELT RUNOFF; NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; ACCURACY; BASIN LA - English PY - 2006 SN - 1520-0442 SP - 4545-4559 ST - Trends in snowfall versus rainfall in the western United States T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Trends in snowfall versus rainfall in the western United States VL - 19 ID - 14093 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Knowlton, K. AU - Rotkin-Ellman, M. AU - Geballe, L. AU - Max, W. AU - Solomon, G.M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0229 IS - 11 PY - 2011 SN - 0278-2715 SP - 2167-2176 ST - Six climate change-related events in the United States accounted for about $14 billion in lost lives and health costs T2 - Health Affairs TI - Six climate change-related events in the United States accounted for about $14 billion in lost lives and health costs VL - 30 ID - 14095 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Knowlton, K. AU - Rotkin-Ellman, M. AU - King, G. AU - Margolis, H.G. AU - Smith, D. AU - Solomon, G. AU - Trent, R. AU - English, P. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.11594 IS - 1 PY - 2009 RN - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2627866/pdf/EHP-117-61.pdf SN - 0091-6765 SP - 61-67 ST - The 2006 California heat wave: Impacts on hospitalizations and emergency department visits T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - The 2006 California heat wave: Impacts on hospitalizations and emergency department visits VL - 117 ID - 14096 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Knutson, T. AU - Kossin, J.P. AU - Mears, C. AU - Perlwitz, J. AU - Wehner, M.F. C4 - 0725eae6-7458-4ec2-8f66-880d88118148 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J01834ND PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 3 SP - 114-132 ST - Detection and attribution of climate change T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Detection and attribution of climate change ID - 21561 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Knutson, Thomas R. AU - McBride, John L. AU - Chan, Johnny AU - Emanuel, Kerry AU - Holland, Greg AU - Landsea, Chris AU - Held, Isaac AU - Kossin, James P. AU - Srivastava, A. K. AU - Sugi, Masato C6 - NCA DA - 03//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo779 IS - 3 PY - 2010 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 157-163 ST - Tropical cyclones and climate change T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Tropical cyclones and climate change VL - 3 ID - 14098 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Knutson, Thomas R. AU - Sirutis, Joseph J. AU - Vecchi, Gabriel A. AU - Garner, Steven AU - Zhao, Ming AU - Kim, Hyeong-Seog AU - Bender, Morris AU - Tuleya, Robert E. AU - Held, Isaac M. AU - Villarini, Gabriele C6 - NCA DA - September 2013 DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00539.1 IS - 17 PY - 2013 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 6591-6617 ST - Dynamical downscaling projections of twenty-first-century Atlantic hurricane activity: CMIP3 and CMIP5 model-based scenarios T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Dynamical downscaling projections of twenty-first-century Atlantic hurricane activity: CMIP3 and CMIP5 model-based scenarios VL - 27 Y2 - 2013/06/07 ID - 14099 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global projections of intense tropical cyclone activity are derived from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM; 50-km grid) and the GFDL hurricane model using a two-stage downscaling procedure. First, tropical cyclone genesis is simulated globally using HiRAM. Each storm is then downscaled into the GFDL hurricane model, with horizontal grid spacing near the storm of 6 km, including ocean coupling (e.g., “cold wake” generation). Simulations are performed using observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) (1980–2008) for a “control run” with 20 repeating seasonal cycles and for a late-twenty-first-century projection using an altered SST seasonal cycle obtained from a phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5)/representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) multimodel ensemble. In general agreement with most previous studies, projections with this framework indicate fewer tropical cyclones globally in a warmer late-twenty-first-century climate, but also an increase in average cyclone intensity, precipitation rates, and the number and occurrence days of very intense category 4 and 5 storms. While these changes are apparent in the globally averaged tropical cyclone statistics, they are not necessarily present in each individual basin. The interbasin variation of changes in most of the tropical cyclone metrics examined is directly correlated to the variation in magnitude of SST increases between the basins. Finally, the framework is shown to be capable of reproducing both the observed global distribution of outer storm size—albeit with a slight high bias—and its interbasin variability. Projected median size is found to remain nearly constant globally, with increases in most basins offset by decreases in the northwest Pacific. AU - Knutson, Thomas R. AU - Sirutis, Joseph J. AU - Zhao, Ming AU - Tuleya, Robert E. AU - Bender, Morris AU - Vecchi, Gabriel A. AU - Villarini, Gabriele AU - Chavas, Daniel DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0129.1 IS - 18 KW - Climate change,Hurricanes/typhoons PY - 2015 SP - 7203-7224 ST - Global projections of intense tropical cyclone activity for the late twenty-first century from dynamical downscaling of CMIP5/RCP4.5 scenarios T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Global projections of intense tropical cyclone activity for the late twenty-first century from dynamical downscaling of CMIP5/RCP4.5 scenarios VL - 28 ID - 19428 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Knutson, T. R. AU - Zeng, F. AU - Wittenberg, A. T. DO - 10.1175/1520-0477-95.9.S1.1 IS - 9 PY - 2014 SN - 1520-0477 SP - S19-S23 ST - Seasonal and annual mean precipitation extremes occurring during 2013: A U.S. focused analysis [in “Explaining Extreme Events of 2013 from a Climate Perspective”] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Seasonal and annual mean precipitation extremes occurring during 2013: A U.S. focused analysis [in “Explaining Extreme Events of 2013 from a Climate Perspective”] VL - 95 ID - 19588 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Knutson, T.R. AU - Zhang, R. AU - Horowitz, L.W. DO - 10.1038/ncomms13676 PY - 2016 SP - 13676 ST - Prospects for a prolonged slowdown in global warming in the early 21st century T2 - Nature Communications TI - Prospects for a prolonged slowdown in global warming in the early 21st century VL - 7 ID - 20424 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Knutti, Reto AU - Sedláček, Jan DA - 04//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate1716 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X SP - 369-373 ST - Robustness and uncertainties in the new CMIP5 climate model projections T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Robustness and uncertainties in the new CMIP5 climate model projections VL - 3 ID - 20348 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Agricultural systems models are essential tools to assess potential climate change (CC) impacts on crop production and help guide policy decisions. In this study, impacts of projected CC on dryland crop rotations of wheat-fallow (WF), wheat-corn-fallow (WCF), and wheat-corn-millet (WCM) in the U.S. Central Great Plains (Akron, Colorado) were simulated using the CERES V4.0 crop modules in RZWQM2. The CC scenarios for CO2, temperature and precipitation were based on a synthesis of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007) projections for Colorado. The CC for years 2025, 2050, 2075, and 2100 (CC projection years) were super-imposed on measured baseline climate data for 15–17 years collected during the long-term WF and WCF (1992–2008), and WCM (1994–2008) experiments at the location to provide inter-annual variability. For all the CC projection years, a decline in simulated wheat yield and an increase in actual transpiration were observed, but compared to the baseline these changes were not significant (p > 0.05) in all cases but one. However, corn and proso millet yields in all rotations and projection years declined significantly (p < 0.05), which resulted in decreased transpiration. Overall, the projected negative effects of rising temperatures on crop production dominated over any positive impacts of atmospheric CO2 increases in these dryland cropping systems. Simulated adaptation via changes in planting dates did not mitigate the yield losses of the crops significantly. However, the no-tillage maintained higher wheat yields than the conventional tillage in the WF rotation to year 2075. Possible effects of historical CO2 increases during the past century (from 300 to 380 ppm) on crop yields were also simulated using 96 years of measured climate data (1912–2008) at the location. On average the CO2 increase enhanced wheat yields by about 30%, and millet yields by about 17%, with no significant changes in corn yields. AU - Ko, Jonghan AU - Ahuja, Lajpat R. AU - Saseendran, S. A. AU - Green, Timothy R. AU - Ma, Liwang AU - Nielsen, David C. AU - Walthall, Charles L. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0175-9 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 445-472 ST - Climate change impacts on dryland cropping systems in the Central Great Plains, USA T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change impacts on dryland cropping systems in the Central Great Plains, USA VL - 111 ID - 21592 ER - TY - JOUR AB - California’s climate is characterized by the largest precipitation and streamflow variability observed within the conterminous US This, combined with chronic groundwater overdraft of 0.6–3.5 km 3 yr −1 , creates the need to identify additional surface water sources available for groundwater recharge using methods such as agricultural groundwater banking, aquifer storage and recovery, and spreading basins. High-magnitude streamflow, i.e. flow above the 90th percentile, that exceeds environmental flow requirements and current surface water allocations under California water rights, could be a viable source of surface water for groundwater banking. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the magnitude, frequency, duration and timing of high-magnitude streamflow (HMF) for 93 stream gauges covering the Sacramento, San Joaquin and Tulare basins in California. The results show that in an average year with HMF approximately 3.2 km 3 of high-magnitude flow is exported from the entire Central Valley to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta often at times when environmental flow requirements of the Delta and major rivers are exceeded. High-magnitude flow occurs, on average, during 7 and 4.7 out of 10 years in the Sacramento River and the San Joaquin-Tulare Basins, respectively, from just a few storm events (5–7 1-day peak events) lasting for 25–30 days between November and April. The results suggest that there is sufficient unmanaged surface water physically available to mitigate long-term groundwater overdraft in the Central Valley. AU - Kocis, Tiffany N. AU - Dahlke, Helen E. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7b1b IS - 8 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 084009 ST - Availability of high-magnitude streamflow for groundwater banking in the Central Valley, California T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Availability of high-magnitude streamflow for groundwater banking in the Central Valley, California VL - 12 ID - 23680 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Koenig, Alexa AU - Stein, Jonathan IS - 1 PY - 2008 SP - 78-153 ST - Federalism and the state recognition of Native American tribes: A survey of state-recognized tribes and state recognition processes across the United States T2 - Santa Clara Law Review TI - Federalism and the state recognition of Native American tribes: A survey of state-recognized tribes and state recognition processes across the United States UR - https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/lawreview/vol48/iss1/2/ VL - 48 ID - 25353 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kofinas, G. P. AU - Chapin, F. S., III AU - BurnSilver, S. AU - Schmidt, J. I. AU - Fresco, N. L. AU - Kielland, K. AU - Martin, S. AU - Springsteen, A. AU - Rupp, T. S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1139/X10-108 IS - 7 KW - Athabascan; Climate change; native; Rural; Tribal PY - 2010 SN - 0045-5067 SP - 1347-1359 ST - Resilience of Athabascan subsistence systems to interior Alaska's changing climate T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research TI - Resilience of Athabascan subsistence systems to interior Alaska's changing climate VL - 40 ID - 14103 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In 2014, a presidential memorandum called for an assessment of the nation’s pollinators, in response to growing awareness of their economic importance and recent declines. We assess, for the first time to our knowledge, the status and trends of wild bee abundance and their potential impacts on pollination services across the United States. We develop national maps of wild bee abundance, report land-use–driven changes over time, and relate them to trends in agricultural demand for pollination. We estimate uncertainty in the findings, so future research can target the least-understood regions and topics. Our findings can also help focus conservation efforts where declines in bee abundance are most certain, especially where agricultural demand for pollination services is growing.Wild bees are highly valuable pollinators. Along with managed honey bees, they provide a critical ecosystem service by ensuring stable pollination to agriculture and wild plant communities. Increasing concern about the welfare of both wild and managed pollinators, however, has prompted recent calls for national evaluation and action. Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we assess the status and trends of wild bees and their potential impacts on pollination services across the coterminous United States. We use a spatial habitat model, national land-cover data, and carefully quantified expert knowledge to estimate wild bee abundance and associated uncertainty. Between 2008 and 2013, modeled bee abundance declined across 23% of US land area. This decline was generally associated with conversion of natural habitats to row crops. We identify 139 counties where low bee abundances correspond to large areas of pollinator-dependent crops. These areas of mismatch between supply (wild bee abundance) and demand (cultivated area) for pollination comprise 39% of the pollinator-dependent crop area in the United States. Further, we find that the crops most highly dependent on pollinators tend to experience more severe mismatches between declining supply and increasing demand. These trends, should they continue, may increase costs for US farmers and may even destabilize crop production over time. National assessments such as this can help focus both scientific and political efforts to understand and sustain wild bees. As new information becomes available, repeated assessments can update findings, revise priorities, and track progress toward sustainable management of our nation’s pollinators. AU - Koh, Insu AU - Lonsdorf, Eric V. AU - Williams, Neal M. AU - Brittain, Claire AU - Isaacs, Rufus AU - Gibbs, Jason AU - Ricketts, Taylor H. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1517685113 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 140-145 ST - Modeling the status, trends, and impacts of wild bee abundance in the United States T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Modeling the status, trends, and impacts of wild bee abundance in the United States VL - 113 ID - 26589 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Koh, Jay AU - Mazzacurati, Emilie AU - Swann, Stacy PB - Global Adaptation & Resilience Investment Working Group PY - 2016 SP - 65 ST - Bridging the Adaptation Gap: Approaches to Measurement of Physical Climate Risk and Examples of Investment in Climate Adaptation and Resilience TI - Bridging the Adaptation Gap: Approaches to Measurement of Physical Climate Risk and Examples of Investment in Climate Adaptation and Resilience UR - https://garigroup.com/discussion-paper ID - 25641 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Koh, Jay AU - Mazzacurati, Emilie AU - Trabacchi, Chiara PB - Global Adaptation & Resilience Investment Working Group PY - 2017 SP - 13 ST - An Investor Guide to Physical Climate Risk & Resilience: An Introduction TI - An Investor Guide to Physical Climate Risk & Resilience: An Introduction UR - https://garigroup.com/investor-guide ID - 25642 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kohlbach, Doreen AU - Graeve, Martin AU - A. Lange, Benjamin AU - David, Carmen AU - Peeken, Ilka AU - Flores, Hauke DO - 10.1002/lno.10351 IS - 6 PY - 2016 SN - 1939-5590 SP - 2027-2044 ST - The importance of ice algae-produced carbon in the central Arctic Ocean ecosystem: Food web relationships revealed by lipid and stable isotope analyses T2 - Limnology and Oceanography TI - The importance of ice algae-produced carbon in the central Arctic Ocean ecosystem: Food web relationships revealed by lipid and stable isotope analyses VL - 61 ID - 24870 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Methods of risk assessment for alien species, especially for nonagricultural systems, are largely qualitative. Using a generalizable risk assessment approach and statistical models of fish introductions into the Great Lakes, North America, we developed a quantitative approach to target prevention efforts on species most likely to cause damage. Models correctly categorized established, quickly spreading, and nuisance fishes with 87 to 94% accuracy. We then identified fishes that pose a high risk to the Great Lakes if introduced from unintentional (ballast water) or intentional pathways (sport, pet, bait, and aquaculture industries).%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/298/5596/1233.full.pdf AU - Kolar, Cynthia S. AU - Lodge, David M. DO - 10.1126/science.1075753 IS - 5596 PY - 2002 SP - 1233-1236 ST - Ecological predictions and risk assessment for alien fishes in North America T2 - Science TI - Ecological predictions and risk assessment for alien fishes in North America VL - 298 ID - 23396 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kolb, Chelsea AU - Pozzi, Matteo AU - Samaras, Constantine AU - VanBriesen, Jeanne M. DO - 10.1061/AJRUA6.0000904 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SP - 04017006 ST - Climate change impacts on bromide, trihalomethane formation, and health risks at coastal groundwater utilities T2 - ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering TI - Climate change impacts on bromide, trihalomethane formation, and health risks at coastal groundwater utilities VL - 3 ID - 25376 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kolb, Thomas E. AU - Fettig, Christopher J. AU - Ayres, Matthew P. AU - Bentz, Barbara J. AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. AU - Mathiasen, Robert AU - Stewart, Jane E. AU - Weed, Aaron S. DA - 2016/11/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.04.051 KW - Climate change Drought Forest pathogens Forest health Forest insects Herbivory PY - 2016 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 321-334 ST - Observed and anticipated impacts of drought on forest insects and diseases in the United States T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Observed and anticipated impacts of drought on forest insects and diseases in the United States VL - 380 ID - 21988 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Delaware River provides half of New York City's drinking water, is a habitat for wild trout and American shad, and has suffered three major floods in the last five years. The water releases from three New York City dams on the Delaware River's headwaters impact the reliability of the city's water supply, the potential for floods, and the quality of the aquatic habitat. This project's objective was to revise the release policies to benefit river habitat and fisheries without increasing New York City's drought risk. Changes in the release policies were constrained by the dictates of two US Supreme Court Decrees and the need for unanimity among four states and New York City. We describe the analyses and the politics that led the Delaware River Basin Commission to implement our operations-research–based adaptive release framework in October 2007. In addition to meeting our habitat improvement goals and drought-risk constraint, our algorithm conservatively decreases end-of-summer reservoir levels more in wet years, thereby modestly increasing flood protection during the hurricane season, and is substantially simpler to administer. AU - Kolesar, Peter AU - Serio, James DO - 10.1287/inte.1100.0536 IS - 1 KW - environment,government,regulations,inventory/production,applications,natural resources,water resources,programming,quadratic,dams PY - 2011 SP - 18-34 ST - Breaking the deadlock: Improving water-release policies on the Delaware River through operations research T2 - Interfaces TI - Breaking the deadlock: Improving water-release policies on the Delaware River through operations research VL - 41 ID - 21502 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kolker, Alexander S. AU - Goodbred, Steven L. AU - Hameed, Sultan AU - Cochran, J. Kirk DA - 2009/10/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.06.030 IS - 4 KW - salt marsh sea level accretion climate change sediment dynamics Long Island PY - 2009 SN - 0272-7714 SP - 493-508 ST - High-resolution records of the response of coastal wetland systems to long-term and short-term sea-level variability T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science TI - High-resolution records of the response of coastal wetland systems to long-term and short-term sea-level variability VL - 84 ID - 21754 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kollanus, Virpi AU - Tiittanen, Pekka AU - Niemi, Jarkko V. AU - Lanki, Timo DA - 2016/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.003 KW - Vegetation fire Air pollution Particulate matter Mortality Hospital admissions PY - 2016 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 351-358 ST - Effects of long-range transported air pollution from vegetation fires on daily mortality and hospital admissions in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland T2 - Environmental Research TI - Effects of long-range transported air pollution from vegetation fires on daily mortality and hospital admissions in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland VL - 151 ID - 24258 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kondolf, G. Mathias AU - Gao, Yongxuan AU - Annandale, George W. AU - Morris, Gregory L. AU - Jiang, Enhui AU - Zhang, Junhua AU - Cao, Yongtao AU - Carling, Paul AU - Fu, Kaidao AU - Guo, Qingchao AU - Hotchkiss, Rollin AU - Peteuil, Christophe AU - Sumi, Tetsuya AU - Wang, Hsiao-Wen AU - Wang, Zhongmei AU - Wei, Zhilin AU - Wu, Baosheng AU - Wu, Caiping AU - Yang, Chih Ted DO - 10.1002/2013EF000184 IS - 5 KW - sediment management regulated rivers reservoir sedimentation reservoir sustainbility 1857 Reservoirs (surface) 1808 Dams 1861 Sedimentation 1862 Sediment transport 1880 Water management PY - 2014 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 256-280 ST - Sustainable sediment management in reservoirs and regulated rivers: Experiences from five continents T2 - Earth's Future TI - Sustainable sediment management in reservoirs and regulated rivers: Experiences from five continents VL - 2 ID - 25033 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Konikow, Leonard F. CY - Reston, VA LA - English PB - U. S. Geological Survey PY - 2013 SN - Scientific Investigations Report 2013−5079 SP - 63 ST - Groundwater Depletion in the United States (1900–2008) TI - Groundwater Depletion in the United States (1900–2008) UR - https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5079/ ID - 25399 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The volume of groundwater stored in the subsurface in the United States decreased by almost 1000 km3 during 1900–2008. The aquifer systems with the three largest volumes of storage depletion include the High Plains aquifer, the Mississippi Embayment section of the Gulf Coastal Plain aquifer system, and the Central Valley of California. Depletion rates accelerated during 1945–1960, averaging 13.6 km3/year during the last half of the century, and after 2000 increased again to about 24 km3/year. Depletion intensity is a new parameter, introduced here, to provide a more consistent basis for comparing storage depletion problems among various aquifers by factoring in time and areal extent of the aquifer. During 2001–2008, the Central Valley of California had the largest depletion intensity. Groundwater depletion in the United States can explain 1.4% of observed sea‐level rise during the 108‐year study period and 2.1% during 2001–2008. Groundwater depletion must be confronted on local and regional scales to help reduce demand (primarily in irrigated agriculture) and/or increase supply. AU - Konikow, Leonard F. DO - 10.1111/gwat.12306 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - 2-9 ST - Long‐term groundwater depletion in the United States T2 - Groundwater TI - Long‐term groundwater depletion in the United States VL - 53 ID - 25377 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Australian weed risk assessment has been promoted as a simple and effective screening tool that can help prevent the entry of weeds and invasive plants into new areas. On average, the Australian model identifies major-invaders more accurately than it does non-invaders (90% vs. 70% accuracy). While this difference in performance emphasizes protection, the overall accuracy of the model will be determined by its performance with non-invaders because the frequency of invasive species among new plant introductions is relatively low. In this study, we develop a new weed risk assessment model for the entire United States that increases non-invader accuracy. The new screening tool uses two elements of risk, establishment/spread potential and impact potential, in a logistic regression model to evaluate the invasive/weedy potential of a species. We selected 204 non-invaders, minor-invaders, and major-invaders to develop and validate the new model, and compare its performance to the Australian model using the same set of species. Performing better than the Australian model, our new model accurately identified 94.1% of major-invaders and 97.1% of non-invaders, without committing any false positives or false negatives. The new secondary screening tool we developed reduced the number of species requiring secondary evaluation from 22 to 12%. We expect that the new weed risk assessment model should significantly enhance the United State’s timeliness and accuracy in regulating potential weeds. AU - Koop, Anthony L. AU - Fowler, Larry AU - Newton, Leslie P. AU - Caton, Barney P. DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s10530-011-0061-4 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1573-1464 SP - 273-294 ST - Development and validation of a weed screening tool for the United States T2 - Biological Invasions TI - Development and validation of a weed screening tool for the United States VL - 14 ID - 23397 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In September–October 2015, El Niño and positive Indian Ocean Dipole conditions set the stage for massive fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo), leading to persistently hazardous levels of smoke pollution across much of Equatorial Asia. Here we quantify the emission sources and health impacts of this haze episode and compare the sources and impacts to an event of similar magnitude occurring under similar meteorological conditions in September–October 2006. Using the adjoint of the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, we first calculate the influence of potential fire emissions across the domain on smoke concentrations in three receptor areas downwind—Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore—during the 2006 event. This step maps the sensitivity of each receptor to fire emissions in each grid cell upwind. We then combine these sensitivities with 2006 and 2015 fire emission inventories from the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) to estimate the resulting population-weighted smoke exposure. This method, which assumes similar smoke transport pathways in 2006 and 2015, allows near real-time assessment of smoke pollution exposure, and therefore the consequent morbidity and premature mortality, due to severe haze. Our approach also provides rapid assessment of the relative contribution of fire emissions generated in a specific province to smoke-related health impacts in the receptor areas. We estimate that haze in 2015 resulted in 100 300 excess deaths across Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, more than double those of the 2006 event, with much of the increase due to fires in Indonesia’s South Sumatra Province. The model framework we introduce in this study can rapidly identify those areas where land use management to reduce and/or avoid fires would yield the greatest benefit to human health, both nationally and regionally. AU - Koplitz, Shannon N. AU - Mickley, Loretta J. AU - Marlier, Miriam E. AU - Buonocore, Jonathan J. AU - Kim, Patrick S. AU - Liu, Tianjia AU - Sulprizio, Melissa P. AU - DeFries, Ruth S. AU - Jacob, Daniel J. AU - Schwartz, Joel AU - Pongsiri, Montira AU - Myers, Samuel S. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094023 IS - 9 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 094023 ST - Public health impacts of the severe haze in Equatorial Asia in September–October 2015: Demonstration of a new framework for informing fire management strategies to reduce downwind smoke exposure T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Public health impacts of the severe haze in Equatorial Asia in September–October 2015: Demonstration of a new framework for informing fire management strategies to reduce downwind smoke exposure VL - 11 ID - 24257 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kopp, Robert AU - M. DeConto, Robert AU - A. Bader, Daniel AU - C. Hay, Carling AU - Horton, Radley AU - Kulp, Scott AU - Oppenheimer, Michael AU - Pollard, David AU - Strauss, Benjamin DO - 10.1002/2017EF000663 PY - 2017 SP - 1217-1233 ST - Implications of ice-shelf hydrofracturing and ice-cliff collapse mechanisms for sea-level projections T2 - Earth's Future TI - Implications of ice-shelf hydrofracturing and ice-cliff collapse mechanisms for sea-level projections VL - 5 ID - 21753 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kopp, Robert E. DO - 10.1002/grl.50781 IS - 15 KW - sea level spatio-temporal statistics glacial isostatic adjustment Gulf Stream Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation North Atlantic Oscillation 1225 Global change from geodesy 1641 Sea level change 1986 Statistical methods: Inferential 1990 Uncertainty 4556 Sea level: variations and mean PY - 2013 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 3981-3985 ST - Does the mid-Atlantic United States sea level acceleration hot spot reflect ocean dynamic variability? T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Does the mid-Atlantic United States sea level acceleration hot spot reflect ocean dynamic variability? VL - 40 ID - 19942 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Broccoli, Anthony AU - Horton, Benjamin P. AU - Kreeger, Danielle AU - Leichenko, Robin AU - Miller, John A. AU - Miller, Jon K. AU - Orton, Philip AU - Parris, Adam AU - Robinson, David A. AU - Weaver, Chris P. AU - Campo, Matt AU - Kaplan, Marjorie B. AU - Buchanan, Maya K. AU - Herb, Jeanne AU - Auermuller, Lisa AU - Andrews, Clinton J. CY - New Brunswick, NJ DO - 10.7282/T3ZP48CF PB - New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance PY - 2016 SP - 34 ST - Assessing New Jersey's Exposure to Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Storms: Report of the New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance Science and Technical Advisory Panel TI - Assessing New Jersey's Exposure to Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Storms: Report of the New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance Science and Technical Advisory Panel ID - 26273 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mechanisms such as ice‐shelf hydrofracturing and ice‐cliff collapse may rapidly increase discharge from marine‐based ice sheets. Here, we link a probabilistic framework for sea‐level projections to a small ensemble of Antarctic ice‐sheet (AIS) simulations incorporating these physical processes to explore their influence on global‐mean sea‐level (GMSL) and relative sea‐level (RSL). We compare the new projections to past results using expert assessment and structured expert elicitation about AIS changes. Under high greenhouse gas emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP] 8.5), median projected 21st century GMSL rise increases from 79 to 146 cm. Without protective measures, revised median RSL projections would by 2100 submerge land currently home to 153 million people, an increase of 44 million. The use of a physical model, rather than simple parameterizations assuming constant acceleration of ice loss, increases forcing sensitivity: overlap between the central 90% of simulations for 2100 for RCP 8.5 (93–243 cm) and RCP 2.6 (26–98 cm) is minimal. By 2300, the gap between median GMSL estimates for RCP 8.5 and RCP 2.6 reaches >10 m, with median RSL projections for RCP 8.5 jeopardizing land now occupied by 950 million people (versus 167 million for RCP 2.6). The minimal correlation between the contribution of AIS to GMSL by 2050 and that in 2100 and beyond implies current sea‐level observations cannot exclude future extreme outcomes. The sensitivity of post‐2050 projections to deeply uncertain physics highlights the need for robust decision and adaptive management frameworks. AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - DeConto, Robert M. AU - Bader, Daniel A. AU - Hay, Carling C. AU - Horton, Radley M. AU - Kulp, Scott AU - Oppenheimer, Michael AU - Pollard, David AU - Strauss, Benjamin H. DO - 10.1002/2017EF000663 IS - 12 PY - 2017 SP - 1217-1233 ST - Evolving understanding of Antarctic ice‐sheet physics and ambiguity in probabilistic sea‐level projections T2 - Earth's Future TI - Evolving understanding of Antarctic ice‐sheet physics and ambiguity in probabilistic sea‐level projections VL - 5 ID - 25200 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Kopp, R.E. AU - Easterling, D.R. AU - Hall, T. AU - Hayhoe, K. AU - Horton, R. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - LeGrande, A.N. C4 - 6b87bc9c-d8f5-438a-9693-7b33324f4c22 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J0GB227J PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 15 SP - 411-429 ST - Potential surprises—Compound extremes and tipping elements T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Potential surprises—Compound extremes and tipping elements ID - 21573 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Local sea-level changes differ significantly from global-mean sea-level change as a result of (1) non-climatic, geological background processes; (2) atmosphere/ocean dy- namics; and (3) the gravitational, elastic, and rotational “fin- gerprint” effects of ice and ocean mass redistribution. Though the research communities working on these different effects each have a long history, the integration of all these different processes into interpretations of past changes and projections of future change is an active area of research. Fully character- izing the past contributions of these processes requires information from sources covering a range of timescales, including geological proxies, tide-gauge observations from the last ~3 centuries, and satellite-altimetry data from the last ~2 decades. Local sea-level rise projections must account for the different spatial patterns of different processes, as well as potential correlations between different drivers. AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Hay, Carling C. AU - Little, Christopher M. AU - Mitrovica, Jerry X. DO - 10.7282/T37W6F4P IS - 3 KW - Sea level Ocean modeling Glacial isostasy Sea-level fingerprints Tide gauges Satellite altimetry LA - English PY - 2015 SP - 192-204 ST - Geographic variability of sea-level change T2 - Current Climate Change Reports TI - Geographic variability of sea-level change VL - 1 ID - 19943 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Horton, Radley M. AU - Little, Christopher M. AU - Mitrovica, Jerry X. AU - Oppenheimer, Michael AU - Rasmussen, D. J. AU - Strauss, Benjamin H. AU - Tebaldi, Claudia DO - 10.1002/2014EF000239 IS - 8 KW - sea level coastal flooding climate change risk analysis uncertainty quantification 1641 Sea level change 1821 Floods PY - 2014 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 383-406 ST - Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea-level projections at a global network of tide-gauge sites T2 - Earth’s Future TI - Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea-level projections at a global network of tide-gauge sites VL - 2 ID - 19430 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We assess the relationship between temperature and global sea-level (GSL) variability over the Common Era through a statistical metaanalysis of proxy relative sea-level reconstructions and tide-gauge data. GSL rose at 0.1 ± 0.1 mm/y (2σ) over 0–700 CE. A GSL fall of 0.2 ± 0.2 mm/y over 1000–1400 CE is associated with ∼0.2 °C global mean cooling. A significant GSL acceleration began in the 19th century and yielded a 20th century rise that is extremely likely (probability P≥0.95) faster than during any of the previous 27 centuries. A semiempirical model calibrated against the GSL reconstruction indicates that, in the absence of anthropogenic climate change, it is extremely likely (P=0.95) that 20th century GSL would have risen by less than 51% of the observed 13.8±1.5 cm. The new semiempirical model largely reconciles previous differences between semiempirical 21st century GSL projections and the process model-based projections summarized in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fifth Assessment Report. AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Kemp, Andrew C. AU - Bittermann, Klaus AU - Horton, Benjamin P. AU - Donnelly, Jeffrey P. AU - Gehrels, W. Roland AU - Hay, Carling C. AU - Mitrovica, Jerry X. AU - Morrow, Eric D. AU - Rahmstorf, Stefan DA - March 15, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1517056113 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SP - E1434-E1441 ST - Temperature-driven global sea-level variability in the Common Era T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Temperature-driven global sea-level variability in the Common Era VL - 113 ID - 19558 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Shwom, Rachael L. AU - Wagner, Gernot AU - Yuan, Jiacan DO - 10.1002/2016EF000362 KW - climate change climate damages integrated assessment tipping points tipping elements 1630 Impacts of global change 1605 Abrupt/rapid climate change 4321 Climate impact 4328 Risk 8488 Volcanic hazards and risks PY - 2016 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 346-372 ST - Tipping elements and climate–economic shocks: Pathways toward integrated assessment T2 - Earth’s Future TI - Tipping elements and climate–economic shocks: Pathways toward integrated assessment VL - 4 ID - 20105 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Simons, Frederik J. AU - Mitrovica, Jerry X. AU - Maloof, Adam C. AU - Oppenheimer, Michael DA - 12/17/print DO - 10.1038/nature08686 IS - 7275 PY - 2009 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 863-867 ST - Probabilistic assessment of sea level during the last interglacial stage T2 - Nature TI - Probabilistic assessment of sea level during the last interglacial stage VL - 462 ID - 19429 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Korkali, Mert AU - Veneman, Jason G. AU - Tivnan, Brian F. AU - Bagrow, James P. AU - Hines, Paul D. H. DA - 03/20/online DO - 10.1038/srep44499 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 44499 ST - Reducing cascading failure risk by increasing infrastructure network interdependence T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Reducing cascading failure risk by increasing infrastructure network interdependence VL - 7 ID - 25289 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kormos, Patrick R. AU - Luce, Charles H. AU - Wenger, Seth J. AU - Berghuijs, Wouter R. DO - 10.1002/2015WR018125 IS - 7 KW - drought streamflow sensitivity hydrologic drought temperature sensitivity precipitation sensitivity trend analysis 1812 Drought 1817 Extreme events 1807 Climate impacts 1843 Land/atmosphere interactions PY - 2016 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 4990-5007 ST - Trends and sensitivities of low streamflow extremes to discharge timing and magnitude in Pacific Northwest mountain streams T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Trends and sensitivities of low streamflow extremes to discharge timing and magnitude in Pacific Northwest mountain streams VL - 52 ID - 20925 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kornfeld, Itzchak E. CY - Jerusalem, Israel NV - Hebrew University of Jerusalem Legal Research Paper No. 17-32 PB - Hebrew University of Jerusalem PY - 2016 SP - 30 ST - The Impact of Climate Change on American and Canadian Indigenous Peoples and Their Water Resources: A Climate Justice Perspective TI - The Impact of Climate Change on American and Canadian Indigenous Peoples and Their Water Resources: A Climate Justice Perspective UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2832879 ID - 21674 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is caused by the release of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Climate change will impact many activities, but its effects on agricultural production could be acute. Estimates of annual damages in agriculture due to temperature increase or extended periods of drought will be more costly than damages in other activities. Yield losses are caused both by direct effects of climate change on crops and by indirect effects such as increased inputs in crop production for weed control. One possible solution to counteract the effects of climate change is to seek crop cultivars that are adapted to highly variable, extreme climatic conditions and pest changes. Here we review the effects of climate change on crop cultivars and weeds. Biomass increase will augment marketable yield by 8–70 % for C3 cereals, by 20–144 % for cash and vegetable crops, and by 6–35 % for flowers. Such positive effects could however be reduced by decreasing water and nutrient availability. Rising temperature will decrease yields of temperature-sensitive crops such as maize, soybean, wheat, and cotton or specialty crops such as almonds, grapes, berries, citrus, or stone fruits. Rice, which is expected to yield better under increased CO2, will suffer serious yield losses under high temperatures. Drought stress should decrease the production of tomato, soybean, maize, and cotton. Nevertheless, reviews on C4 photosynthesis response to water stress in interaction with CO2 concentration reveal that elevated CO2 concentration lessens the deleterious effect of drought on plant productivity. C3 weeds respond more strongly than C4 types to CO2 increases through biomass and leaf area increases. The positive response of C3 crops to elevated CO2 may make C4 weeds less competitive for C3 crops, whereas C3 weeds in C4 or C3 crops could become a problem, particularly in tropical regions. Temperature increases will mainly affect the distribution of weeds, particularly C4 type, by expanding their geographical range. This will enhance further yield losses and will affect weed management systems negatively. In addition, the expansion of invasive weed species such as itchgrass, cogongrass, and witchweed facilitated by temperature increases will increase the cost for their control. Under water or nutrient shortage scenarios, an r-strategist with characteristics in the order S-C-R, such as Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, johnsongrass, and spurges, will most probably prevail. Selection of cultivars that secure high yields under climate change but also by competing weeds is of major importance. Traits related with (a) increased root/shoot ratio, (b) vernalization periods, (c) maturity, (d) regulation of node formation and/or internode distance, (e) harvest index variations, and (f) allelopathy merit further investigation. The cumulative effects of selecting a suitable stress tolerator-competitor cultivar will be reflected in reductions of environmental pollution, lower production costs, and sustainable food production. AU - Korres, Nicholas E. AU - Norsworthy, Jason K. AU - Tehranchian, Parsa AU - Gitsopoulos, Thomas K. AU - Loka, Dimitra A. AU - Oosterhuis, Derrick M. AU - Gealy, David R. AU - Moss, Stephen R. AU - Burgos, Nilda R. AU - Miller, M. Ryan AU - Palhano, Matheus DA - February 18 DO - 10.1007/s13593-016-0350-5 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1773-0155 SP - 12 ST - Cultivars to face climate change effects on crops and weeds: A review T2 - Agronomy for Sustainable Development TI - Cultivars to face climate change effects on crops and weeds: A review VL - 36 ID - 23549 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Korsbakken, Jan Ivar AU - Peters, Glen P. AU - Andrew, Robbie M. DA - 07//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2963 IS - 7 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 687-690 ST - Uncertainties around reductions in China's coal use and CO2 emissions T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Uncertainties around reductions in China's coal use and CO2 emissions VL - 6 ID - 20237 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A number of cities in the United States have devised climate action plans (CAPs) to mitigate the effects of climate change. However, few of these plans address strategies to adapt to the long term effects of climate change that will occur in the near and distant future. The research presented in this article examines why cities choose to embed adaptation provisions in their CAPs. Our study codes the content of CAPs for all cities (N = 98) in the United States with populations greater than 50,000. We find cities that frame problems associated with climate change in the language of hazards are more likely to include adaptation strategies in their CAPs than cities that focus on other types of environmental harm. Our findings suggest that more robust efforts to plan for climate change will require the activation of communities of interest beyond those that have been instrumental in setting the current climate agenda. AU - Koski, Chris AU - Siulagi, Alma DO - 10.1111/ropr.12173 IS - 3 KW - climate change climate action planning adaptation environmental framing environment urban studies disaster & risk management municipal municipality climate action plans cities mitigation PY - 2016 SN - 1541-1338 SP - 270-290 ST - Environmental harm or natural hazard? Problem identification and adaptation in U.S. municipal climate action plans T2 - Review of Policy Research TI - Environmental harm or natural hazard? Problem identification and adaptation in U.S. municipal climate action plans VL - 33 ID - 22769 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although declining oxygen concentration has been reported for the oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) of the tropical oceans and the North Pacific Ocean, consistent with model predictions of the effects of global warming, its ecological impacts are poorly understood. We report the apparent impact of declining oxygen on midwater fishes within the OMZ of the southern California Current (CC). Principal component analysis of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) ichthyoplankton time series from 1951 to 2008 indicates that the dominant temporal pattern (principal component 1 [PC1]) represents the marked decline of the region’s mesopelagic fishes during periods of reduced oxygen. Of the 27 taxa with loadings > 0.5 on PC1, 24 were mesopelagic. PC1 was strongly correlated with intermediate-water oxygen concentrations (r = 0.75, p < 0.05), which were about 20% lower in the past decade and the 1950s than in the period from 1970 to 1995. The abundance of mesopelagic fishes represented by PC1 was reduced, on average, by 63% between periods of high and low oxygen concentrations. We hypothesize that the underlying mechanism is the shoaling of the hypoxic boundary layer during periods of reduced oxygen, which renders the mesopelagic fauna more vulnerable to visually orienting predators. The mesopelagic fish fauna provides a vital trophodynamic link between the marine plankton and many higher predators. The decline of deepwater fish populations has profound implications for commercial fisheries, marine food webs and marine conservation: climate models predict a 20 to 40% decline in global deepwater oxygen concentrations over the coming century. AU - Koslow, J. Anthony AU - Goericke, Ralf AU - Lara-Lopez, Ana AU - Watson, William DO - 10.3354/meps09270 N1 - 10.3354/meps09270 PY - 2011 SP - 207-218 ST - Impact of declining intermediate-water oxygen on deepwater fishes in the California Current T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series TI - Impact of declining intermediate-water oxygen on deepwater fishes in the California Current VL - 436 ID - 23801 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kossin, James P. DO - 10.1038/nature20783 PY - 2017 SP - 390-393 ST - Hurricane intensification along U. S. coast suppressed during active hurricane periods T2 - Nature TI - Hurricane intensification along U. S. coast suppressed during active hurricane periods VL - 541 ID - 20579 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kossin, James P. AU - Emanuel, Kerry A. AU - Vecchi, Gabriel A. DA - 05/15/print DO - 10.1038/nature13278 IS - 7500 M3 - Letter PY - 2014 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 349-352 ST - The poleward migration of the location of tropical cyclone maximum intensity T2 - Nature TI - The poleward migration of the location of tropical cyclone maximum intensity VL - 509 ID - 19746 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Kossin, J.P. AU - Hall, T. AU - Knutson, T. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - Trapp, R.J. AU - Waliser, D.E. AU - Wehner, M.F. C4 - 52ce1b63-1b04-4728-9f1b-daee39af665e CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J07S7KXX PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 9 SP - 257-276 ST - Extreme storms T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Extreme storms ID - 21567 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Atlantic hurricane variability on decadal and interannual time scales is reconsidered in a framework based on a leading mode of coupled ocean–atmosphere variability known as the Atlantic meridional mode (AMM). It is shown that a large part of the variability of overall “hurricane activity,” which depends on the number of storms in a season, their duration, and their intensity, can be explained by systematic shifts in the cyclogenesis regions. These shifts are strongly correlated with the AMM on interannual as well as multidecadal time scales. It is suggested that the AMM serves to unify a number of previously documented relationships between hurricanes and Atlantic regional climate variability. AU - Kossin, James P. AU - Vimont, Daniel J. DO - 10.1175/bams-88-11-1767 IS - 11 PY - 2007 SP - 1767-1781 ST - A more general framework for understanding Atlantic hurricane variability and trends T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - A more general framework for understanding Atlantic hurricane variability and trends VL - 88 ID - 20649 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kossover, Rachel PY - 2010 SP - 1 ST - Association between air quality and hospital visits—Fairbanks, 2003–2008 T2 - [State of Alaska] Epidemiology Bulletin TI - Association between air quality and hospital visits—Fairbanks, 2003–2008 UR - http://epibulletins.dhss.alaska.gov/Document/Display?DocumentId=175 VL - 26 ID - 25834 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kotamarthi, R. AU - Mearns, L. AU - Hayhoe, K. AU - Castro, C. AU - Wuebbles, D. DO - 10.13140/RG.2.1.1986.0085 PB - U.S. Department of Defense, Strategic Environment Research and Development Program Report PY - 2016 SP - 55 ST - Use of Climate Information for Decision-Making and Impact Research TI - Use of Climate Information for Decision-Making and Impact Research UR - https://www.serdp-estcp.org/content/download/38568/364489/version/1/file/Use+of+Climate+Information+for+Decision-Making+Technical+Report.pdf ID - 20591 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kousky, Carolyn DA - 2010/10/18 DO - 10.1080/19390459.2010.511451 IS - 4 PY - 2010 SN - 1939-0459 SP - 343-356 ST - Using natural capital to reduce disaster risk T2 - Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research TI - Using natural capital to reduce disaster risk VL - 2 ID - 21175 ER - TY - RPRT AB - The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), housed in the Federal Emergency Management Agency, has been providing flood insurance to households and businesses for almost 50 years. To inform the policy discussion leading up to reauthorization, this article analyzes five aspects of the NFIP: (1) risk modeling and risk communication, (2) the roles of the public and private sector, (3) take‐up rates, (4) incentives for risk reduction, and (5) rate setting and the financing of catastrophic flood events. Suggestions for reform are discussed. AU - Kousky, Carolyn PY - 2017 SN - Resources for the Future Discussion Paper 17-03 SP - 30 ST - Financing Flood Losses: A Discussion of the National Flood Insurance Program TI - Financing Flood Losses: A Discussion of the National Flood Insurance Program UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2947917 ID - 25476 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kousky, Carolyn AU - Olmstead, Sheila AU - Walls, Margaret AU - Stern, Adam AU - Macauley, Molly CY - Washington, DC NV - RFF Report PB - Resources for the Future PY - 2011 SP - 72 ST - The Role of Land Use in Adaptation to Increased Precipitation and Flooding: A Case Study in Wisconsin's Lower Fox River Basin TI - The Role of Land Use in Adaptation to Increased Precipitation and Flooding: A Case Study in Wisconsin's Lower Fox River Basin UR - http://www.rff.org/files/sharepoint/WorkImages/Download/RFF-Rpt-Kousky%20etal%20GreatLakes%20(2).pdf ID - 21279 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kovach, Margaret M. AU - Konrad, Charles E. AU - Fuhrmann, Christopher M. DA - 2015/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.03.012 KW - Heat Environmental health Area-level risk factors Geographic information systems Rural health Urban health PY - 2015 SN - 0143-6228 SP - 175-183 ST - Area-level risk factors for heat-related illness in rural and urban locations across North Carolina, USA T2 - Applied Geography TI - Area-level risk factors for heat-related illness in rural and urban locations across North Carolina, USA VL - 60 ID - 24335 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To predict how climate change will influence populations, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms, particularly microevolution and phenotypic plasticity, that allow populations to persist in novel environmental conditions. Although evidence for climate-induced phenotypic change in populations is widespread, evidence documenting that these phenotypic changes are due to microevolution is exceedingly rare. In this study, we use 32 years of genetic data (17 complete generations) to determine whether there has been a genetic change towards earlier migration timing in a population of pink salmon that shows phenotypic change; average migration time occurs nearly two weeks earlier than it did 40 years ago. Experimental genetic data support the hypothesis that there has been directional selection for earlier migration timing, resulting in a substantial decrease in the late-migrating phenotype (from more than 30% to less than 10% of the total abundance). From 1983 to 2011, there was a significant decrease—over threefold—in the frequency of a genetic marker for late-migration timing, but there were minimal changes in allele frequencies at other neutral loci. These results demonstrate that there has been rapid microevolution for earlier migration timing in this population. Circadian rhythm genes, however, did not show any evidence for selective changes from 1993 to 2009.%U http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royprsb/279/1743/3870.full.pdf AU - Kovach, Ryan P. AU - Gharrett, Anthony J. AU - Tallmon, David A. DO - 10.1098/rspb.2012.1158 IS - 1743 PY - 2012 SP - 3870-3878 ST - Genetic change for earlier migration timing in a pink salmon population T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Genetic change for earlier migration timing in a pink salmon population VL - 279 ID - 23398 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate-induced phenological shifts can influence population, evolutionary, and ecological dynamics, but our understanding of these phenomena is hampered by a lack of long-term demographic data. We use a multi-decade census of 5 salmonid species representing 14 life histories in a warming Alaskan stream to address the following key questions about climate change and phenology: How consistent are temporal patterns and drivers of phenology for similar species and alternative life histories? Are shifts in phenology associated with changes in phenotypic variation? How do phenological changes influence the availability of resource subsidies? For most salmonid species, life stages, and life histories, freshwater temperature influences migration timing – migration events are occurring earlier in time (mean = 1.7 days earlier per decade over the 3–5 decades), and the number of days over which migration events occur is decreasing (mean = 1.5 days per decade). Temporal trends in migration timing were not correlated with changes in intra-annual phenotypic variation, suggesting that these components of the phenotypic distribution have responded to environmental change independently. Despite commonalities across species and life histories, there was important biocomplexity in the form of disparate shifts in migration timing and variation in the environmental factors influencing migration timing for alternative life history strategies in the same population. Overall, adult populations have been stable during these phenotypic and environmental changes (λ ≈1.0), but the temporal availability of salmon as a resource in freshwater has decreased by nearly 30 days since 1971 due to changes in the median date of migration timing and decreases in intra-annual variation in migration timing. These novel observations advance our understanding of phenological change in response to climate warming, and indicate that climate change has influenced the ecology of salmon populations, which will have important consequences for the numerous species that depend on this resource. AU - Kovach, Ryan P. AU - Joyce, John E. AU - Echave, Jesse D. AU - Lindberg, Mark S. AU - Tallmon, David A. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0053807 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SP - e53807 ST - Earlier migration timing, decreasing phenotypic variation, and biocomplexity in multiple salmonid species T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Earlier migration timing, decreasing phenotypic variation, and biocomplexity in multiple salmonid species VL - 8 ID - 25714 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kovach, Ryan P. AU - Muhlfeld, Clint C. AU - Wade, Alisa A. AU - Hand, Brian K. AU - Whited, Diane C. AU - DeHaan, Patrick W. AU - Al-Chokhachy, Robert AU - Luikart, Gordon DO - 10.1111/gcb.12850 IS - 7 KW - bull trout climate change conservation genetics genetic diversity salmonid stream flow temperature vulnerability PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2510-2524 ST - Genetic diversity is related to climatic variation and vulnerability in threatened bull trout T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Genetic diversity is related to climatic variation and vulnerability in threatened bull trout VL - 21 ID - 23399 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Arctic sea ice has changed dramatically, especially during the last decade and continued declines in extent and thickness are expected for the decades to come. Some ice-associated marine mammals are already showing distribution shifts, compromised body condition and declines in production/abundance in response to sea-ice declines. In contrast, temperate marine mammal species are showing northward expansions of their ranges, which are likely to cause competitive pressure on some endemic Arctic species, as well as putting them at greater risk of predation, disease and parasite infections. The negative impacts observed to date within Arctic marine mammal populations are expected to continue and perhaps escalate over the coming decade, with continued declines in seasonal coverage of sea ice. This situation presents a significant risk to marine biodiversity among endemic Arctic marine mammals. AU - Kovacs, Kit M. AU - Lydersen, Christian AU - Overland, James E. AU - Moore, Sue E. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s12526-010-0061-0 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2011 SN - 1867-1624 SP - 181-194 ST - Impacts of changing sea-ice conditions on Arctic marine mammals T2 - Marine Biodiversity TI - Impacts of changing sea-ice conditions on Arctic marine mammals VL - 41 ID - 24871 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Worldwide, human appropriation of ecosystems is disrupting plant–pollinator communities and pollination function through habitat conversion and landscape homogenisation. Conversion to agriculture is destroying and degrading semi-natural ecosystems while conventional land-use intensification (e.g. industrial management of large-scale monocultures with high chemical inputs) homogenises landscape structure and quality. Together, these anthropogenic processes reduce the connectivity of populations and erode floral and nesting resources to undermine pollinator abundance and diversity, and ultimately pollination services. Ecological intensification of agriculture represents a strategic alternative to ameliorate these drivers of pollinator decline while supporting sustainable food production, by promoting biodiversity beneficial to agricultural production through management practices such as intercropping, crop rotations, farm-level diversification and reduced agrochemical use. We critically evaluate its potential to address and reverse the land use and management trends currently degrading pollinator communities and potentially causing widespread pollination deficits. We find that many of the practices that constitute ecological intensification can contribute to mitigating the drivers of pollinator decline. Our findings support ecological intensification as a solution to pollinator declines, and we discuss ways to promote it in agricultural policy and practice. AU - Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó AU - Espíndola, Anahí AU - Vanbergen, Adam J. AU - Settele, Josef AU - Kremen, Claire AU - Dicks, Lynn V. DO - 10.1111/ele.12762 IS - 5 PY - 2017 SP - 673-689 ST - Ecological intensification to mitigate impacts of conventional intensive land use on pollinators and pollination T2 - Ecology Letters TI - Ecological intensification to mitigate impacts of conventional intensive land use on pollinators and pollination VL - 20 ID - 26590 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat is an environmental and occupational hazard. The prevention of deaths in the community caused by extreme high temperatures (heat waves) is now an issue of public health concern. The risk of heat-related mortality increases with natural aging, but persons with particular social and/or physical vulnerability are also at risk. lmportant differences in vulnerability exist between populations, depending on climate, culture, infrastructure (housing), and other factors. Public health measures include health promotion and heat wave warning systems, but the effectiveness of acute measures in response to heat waves has not yet been formally evaluated. Climate change will increase the frequency and the intensity of heat waves, and a range of measures, including improvements to housing, management of chronic diseases, and institutional care of the elderly and the vulnerable, will need to be developed to reduce health impacts. AD - Kovats, RS; London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, PEHRU, London WC1E 7HT, England; London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, PEHRU, London WC1E 7HT, England; London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, PEHRU, London WC1E 7HT, England AU - Kovats, R. S. AU - Hajat, S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090843 KW - heat waves; early warning; mortality; august 2003; air-pollution; hospital admissions; united-states; excess mortality; elderly-people; french cities; risk-factors; hot weather; series data LA - English PY - 2008 SN - 0163-7525 SP - 41-55 ST - Heat stress and public health: A critical review T2 - Annual Review of Public Health TI - Heat stress and public health: A critical review VL - 29 ID - 14119 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Permafrost soils contain enormous amounts of organic carbon whose stability is contingent on remaining frozen. With future warming, these soils may release carbon to the atmosphere and act as a positive feedback to climate change. Significant uncertainty remains on the postthaw carbon dynamics of permafrost-affected ecosystems, in particular since most of the carbon resides at depth where decomposition dynamics may differ from surface soils, and since nitrogen mineralized by decomposition may enhance plant growth. Here we show, using a carbon−nitrogen model that includes permafrost processes forced in an unmitigated warming scenario, that the future carbon balance of the permafrost region is highly sensitive to the decomposability of deeper carbon, with the net balance ranging from 21 Pg C to 164 Pg C losses by 2300. Increased soil nitrogen mineralization reduces nutrient limitations, but the impact of deep nitrogen on the carbon budget is small due to enhanced nitrogen availability from warming surface soils and seasonal asynchrony between deeper nitrogen availability and plant nitrogen demands. Although nitrogen dynamics are highly uncertain, the future carbon balance of this region is projected to hinge more on the rate and extent of permafrost thaw and soil decomposition than on enhanced nitrogen availability for vegetation growth resulting from permafrost thaw. AU - Koven, Charles D. AU - Lawrence, David M. AU - Riley, William J. DA - March 24, 2015 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1415123112 IS - 12 PY - 2015 SP - 3752-3757 ST - Permafrost carbon−climate feedback is sensitive to deep soil carbon decomposability but not deep soil nitrogen dynamics T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences TI - Permafrost carbon−climate feedback is sensitive to deep soil carbon decomposability but not deep soil nitrogen dynamics VL - 112 ID - 19502 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We present an approach to estimate the feedback from large-scale thawing of permafrost soils using a simplified, data-constrained model that combines three elements: soil carbon (C) maps and profiles to identify the distribution and type of C in permafrost soils; incubation experiments to quantify the rates of C lost after thaw; and models of soil thermal dynamics in response to climate warming. We call the approach the Permafrost Carbon Network Incubation–Panarctic Thermal scaling approach (PInc-PanTher). The approach assumes that C stocks do not decompose at all when frozen, but once thawed follow set decomposition trajectories as a function of soil temperature. The trajectories are determined according to a three-pool decomposition model fitted to incubation data using parameters specific to soil horizon types. We calculate litterfall C inputs required to maintain steady-state C balance for the current climate, and hold those inputs constant. Soil temperatures are taken from the soil thermal modules of ecosystem model simulations forced by a common set of future climate change anomalies under two warming scenarios over the period 2010 to 2100. Under a medium warming scenario (RCP4.5), the approach projects permafrost soil C losses of 12.2–33.4 Pg C; under a high warming scenario (RCP8.5), the approach projects C losses of 27.9–112.6 Pg C. Projected C losses are roughly linearly proportional to global temperature changes across the two scenarios. These results indicate a global sensitivity of frozen soil C to climate change (γ sensitivity) of −14 to −19 Pg C °C−1 on a 100 year time scale. For CH4 emissions, our approach assumes a fixed saturated area and that increases in CH4 emissions are related to increased heterotrophic respiration in anoxic soil, yielding CH4 emission increases of 7% and 35% for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, which add an additional greenhouse gas forcing of approximately 10–18%. The simplified approach presented here neglects many important processes that may amplify or mitigate C release from permafrost soils, but serves as a data-constrained estimate on the forced, large-scale permafrost C response to warming.%U http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/roypta/373/2054/20140423.full.pdf AU - Koven, C. D. AU - Schuur, E. A. G. AU - Schädel, C. AU - Bohn, T. J. AU - Burke, E. J. AU - Chen, G. AU - Chen, X. AU - Ciais, P. AU - Grosse, G. AU - Harden, J. W. AU - Hayes, D. J. AU - Hugelius, G. AU - Jafarov, E. E. AU - Krinner, G. AU - Kuhry, P. AU - Lawrence, D. M. AU - MacDougall, A. H. AU - Marchenko, S. S. AU - McGuire, A. D. AU - Natali, S. M. AU - Nicolsky, D. J. AU - Olefeldt, D. AU - Peng, S. AU - Romanovsky, V. E. AU - Schaefer, K. M. AU - Strauss, J. AU - Treat, C. C. AU - Turetsky, M. DO - 10.1098/rsta.2014.0423 IS - 2054 PY - 2015 SP - 20140423 ST - A simplified, data-constrained approach to estimate the permafrost carbon–climate feedback T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences TI - A simplified, data-constrained approach to estimate the permafrost carbon–climate feedback VL - 373 ID - 19501 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kovilakam, Mahesh AU - Mahajan, Salil DO - 10.1002/2015GL064559 IS - 12 KW - tropical expansion black carbon aerosol midlatitude warming 1616 Climate variability 1620 Climate dynamics 3305 Climate change and variability 3373 Tropical dynamics 3311 Clouds and aerosols PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 4964-4972 ST - Black carbon aerosol-induced Northern Hemisphere tropical expansion T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Black carbon aerosol-induced Northern Hemisphere tropical expansion VL - 42 ID - 19627 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Roy, Jacques AU - Kozlowski, T. T. AU - Pallardy, S. G. C4 - fb5567e7-7296-4ea0-8749-76c74eae20d5 CY - San Diego M1 - Physiological Ecology PB - Academic Press PY - 1997 SN - 978-0-12-424210-4 SP - 641 ST - Growth Control in Woody Plants TI - Growth Control in Woody Plants ID - 24340 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Krakauer, Nir Y. C7 - 404876 DO - 10.1155/2012/404876 PY - 2012 SP - Article ID 404876 ST - Estimating climate trends: Application to United States plant hardiness zones T2 - Advances in Meteorology TI - Estimating climate trends: Application to United States plant hardiness zones VL - 2012 ID - 24341 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - Charles, Birkeland A2 - Coles, Steve L. A2 - Spies, Narrissa P. AU - Kramer, K. L. AU - Cotton, S. P. AU - Lamson, M. R. AU - Walsh, W. J. CY - Honolulu, HI DA - 2016 PY - 2016 SP - 219-230 T2 - Bridging Science to Policy: Proceedings of the 13th International Coral Reef Symposium TI - Bleaching and catastrophic mortality of reef-building corals along west Hawai‘i island: Findings and future directions UR - http://coralreefs.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Session-30-Kramer_etal_ICRS_Final-1-2.pdf ID - 22463 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kramer, Ryan J. AU - Bounoua, Lahouari AU - Zhang, Ping AU - Wolfe, Robert E. AU - Huntington, Thomas G. AU - Imhoff, Marc L. AU - Thome, Kurtis AU - Noyce, Genevieve L. DO - 10.3390/hydrology2020093 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SP - 93-111 ST - Evapotranspiration trends over the eastern United States during the 20th century T2 - Hydrology TI - Evapotranspiration trends over the eastern United States during the 20th century VL - 2 ID - 21751 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mangrove wetlands provide ecosystem services for millions of people, most prominently by providing storm protection, food and fodder. Mangrove wetlands are also valuable ecosystems for promoting carbon (C) sequestration and storage. However, loss of mangrove wetlands and these ecosystem services are a global concern, prompting the restoration and creation of mangrove wetlands as a potential solution. Here, we investigate soil surface elevation change, and its components, in created mangrove wetlands over a 25 year developmental gradient. All created mangrove wetlands were exceeding current relative sea-level rise rates (2.6 mm yr−1), with surface elevation change of 4.2–11.0 mm yr−1 compared with 1.5–7.2 mm yr−1 for nearby reference mangroves. While mangrove wetlands store C persistently in roots/soils, storage capacity is most valuable if maintained with future sea-level rise. Through empirical modeling, we discovered that properly designed creation projects may not only yield enhanced C storage, but also can facilitate wetland persistence perennially under current rates of sea-level rise and, for most sites, for over a century with projected medium accelerations in sea-level rise (IPCC RCP 6.0). Only the fastest projected accelerations in sea-level rise (IPCC RCP 8.5) led to widespread submergence and potential loss of stored C for created mangrove wetlands before 2100. AU - Krauss, Ken W. AU - Cormier, Nicole AU - Osland, Michael J. AU - Kirwan, Matthew L. AU - Stagg, Camille L. AU - Nestlerode, Janet A. AU - Russell, Marc J. AU - From, Andrew S. AU - Spivak, Amanda C. AU - Dantin, Darrin D. AU - Harvey, James E. AU - Almario, Alejandro E. DA - 2017/04/21/ DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-01224-2 DP - www.nature.com IS - 1 LA - En PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 1030 ST - Created mangrove wetlands store belowground carbon and surface elevation change enables them to adjust to sea-level rise T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Created mangrove wetlands store belowground carbon and surface elevation change enables them to adjust to sea-level rise VL - 7 Y2 - 2017/09/25/23:57:06 ID - 22464 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Krewski, Daniel AU - Jerrett, Michael AU - Burnett, Richard T. AU - Ma, Renjun AU - Hughes, Edward AU - Shi, Yuanli AU - Turner, Michelle C. AU - Pope, C. Arden, III AU - Thurston, George AU - Calle, Eugenia E. AU - Thun, Michael J. CY - Boston, MA PB - Health Effects Institute PY - 2009 SN - HEI Research Report 140 SP - 140 ST - Extended Follow-up and Spatial Analysis of the American Cancer Society Study Linking Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality TI - Extended Follow-up and Spatial Analysis of the American Cancer Society Study Linking Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality UR - https://www.healtheffects.org/system/files/Krewski140.pdf ID - 25894 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kreye, Jesse K. AU - Varner, J. Morgan AU - Hiers, J. Kevin AU - Mola, John DO - 10.1890/13-0503.1 IS - 8 KW - Acer rubrum ecological restoration fire exclusion fuel moisture leaf traits positive feedbacks PY - 2013 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 1976-1986 ST - Toward a mechanism for eastern North American forest mesophication: Differential litter drying across 17 species T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Toward a mechanism for eastern North American forest mesophication: Differential litter drying across 17 species VL - 23 ID - 24342 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kriegler, Elmar AU - Edmonds, J. AU - Hallegatte, S. AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Kram, T. AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - Winkler, Harald AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0971-5 IS - 3 PY - 2014 SP - 401-414 ST - A new scenario framework for climate change research: The concept of shared climate policy assumptions T2 - Climatic Change TI - A new scenario framework for climate change research: The concept of shared climate policy assumptions VL - 122 ID - 19267 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Krist, Frank J. AU - Ellenwood, James R. AU - Woods, Meghan E. AU - McMahan, Andrew J. AU - Cowardin, John P. AU - Ryerson, Daniel E. AU - Sapio, Frank J. AU - Zweifler, Mark O. AU - Romero, Sheryl A. CY - Fort Collins, CO NV - FHTET-14-01 PB - US Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) PY - 2014 SP - 199 ST - 2013–2027 National Insect and Disease Forest Risk Assessment TI - 2013–2027 National Insect and Disease Forest Risk Assessment UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/pdfs/2012_RiskMap_Report_web.pdf ID - 25188 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The management of livestock breeds and threatened natural population share common challenges, including small effective population sizes, high risk of inbreeding, and the potential benefits and costs associated with mixing disparate gene pools. Here we consider what has been learnt about these issues, the ways in which the knowledge gained from one area might be applied to the other, and the potential of genomics to provide new insights. Although there are key differences stemming from the importance of artificial versus natural selection and the decreased level of environmental heterogeneity experienced by many livestock populations, we suspect that information from genetic rescue in natural populations could be usefully applied to livestock. This includes an increased emphasis on maintaining substantial population sizes at the expense of genetic uniqueness in ensuring future adaptability, and on emphasizing the way that environmental changes can influence the relative fitness of deleterious alleles and genotypes in small populations. We also suspect that information gained from cross-breeding and the maintenance of unique breeds will be increasingly important for the preservation of genetic variation in small natural populations. In particular, selected genes identified in domestic populations provide genetic markers for exploring adaptive evolution in threatened natural populations. Genomic technologies in the two disciplines will be important in the future in realizing genetic gains in livestock and maximizing adaptive capacity in wildlife, and particularly in understanding how parts of the genome may respond differently when exposed to population processes and selection. AD - Torsten N. Kristensen,Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University,Aalborg, Denmark,tnk@bio.aau.dk AU - Kristensen, Torsten N. AU - Hoffmann, Ary A. AU - Pertoldi, Cino AU - Stronen, Astrid V. DA - 2015-February-10 DO - 10.3389/fgene.2015.00038 IS - 38 KW - effective population size,Inbreeding,Indigenous breeds,Genetic rescue,Genomics,selection LA - English M3 - Review PY - 2015 SN - 1664-8021 ST - What can livestock breeders learn from conservation genetics and vice versa? T2 - Frontiers in Genetics TI - What can livestock breeders learn from conservation genetics and vice versa? VL - 6 ID - 23550 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kroeker, Kristy J. AU - Kordas, Rebecca L. AU - Crim, Ryan AU - Hendriks, Iris E. AU - Ramajo, Laura AU - Singh, Gerald S. AU - Duarte, Carlos M. AU - Gattuso, Jean-Pierre C6 - NCA DO - 10.1111/gcb.12179 IS - 6 KW - calcification carbonate chemistry climate change cumulative effects pH PY - 2013 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1884-1896 ST - Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: Quantifying sensitivities and interaction with warming T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: Quantifying sensitivities and interaction with warming VL - 19 ID - 14128 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kronk Warner, Elizabeth Ann PY - 2013 SP - 1031-1072 ST - Tribal renewable energy development under the Hearth Act: An independently rational, but collectively deficient option T2 - Arizona Law Review TI - Tribal renewable energy development under the Hearth Act: An independently rational, but collectively deficient option UR - https://ssrn.com/abstract=2363137 VL - 55 ID - 25354 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kronk Warner, Elizabeth Ann IS - 1 PY - 2014 SP - 42-104 ST - Examining tribal environmental law T2 - Columbia Journal of Environmental Law TI - Examining tribal environmental law UR - https://ssrn.com/abstract=2468249 VL - 36 ID - 23231 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kronk Warner, Elizabeth Ann IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - 129-168 ST - Indigenous adaptation in the face of climate change T2 - Journal of Environmental & Sustainability Law TI - Indigenous adaptation in the face of climate change UR - https://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/jesl/vol21/iss1/6/ VL - 21 ID - 25355 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Krueger, Charles C. AU - Zimmerman, Christian E. C4 - a382a4f7-515c-40ff-af62-5608076cdbff CY - Bethesda, MD PB - American Fisheries Society PY - 2009 SN - 978-1-934874-11-0 SP - 1235 ST - Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations TI - Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations ID - 26067 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kruger, Joseph A. CY - Washington, DC PB - Resources for the Future PY - 2017 SP - 14 ST - Hedging an Uncertain Future: Internal Carbon Prices in the Electric Power Sector TI - Hedging an Uncertain Future: Internal Carbon Prices in the Electric Power Sector UR - http://www.rff.org/research/publications/hedging-uncertain-future-internal-carbon-prices-electric-power-sector ID - 24519 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The relevant literature on extreme rainfall events in the Pacific remains relatively sparse compared to other regions (e.g. the coterminous United States, Europe, etc.). Moreover, several recent reports on climate in the Pacific mention the paucity of extremes information and often list ‘trends in historical climate’ as a necessary next step. This scientific assessment meets this need by examining historical trends in and drivers of extreme rainfall events across the entire Pacific Basin, inclusive from Alaska southward to Australia, and longitudinally from the Philippines eastward to North America, with an emphasis on island and coastal locations (within 200 km of the coastline). There is evidence of a general decrease in the frequency of annual extreme rainfall events, yet the amount of extreme precipitation contributing to annual and seasonal totals appears to be on the rise. Region-wide, the number of consecutive dry days is increasing for those locations that are already dry, while the number of consecutive wet days is increasing for the already wet locales. The data for extreme rainfall statistics are considered to be relatively high quality for trend detection, while the level of understanding of the physical causes behind extreme rainfall is positively high. Since the ability to analyze the changes in historical rainfall extremes with some confidence is relatively recent, understanding is expected to improve in the future with the advancement of new datasets and ‘climate reanalysis’ projects. AU - Kruk, Michael C. AU - Lorrey, Andrew M. AU - Griffiths, Georgina M. AU - Lander, Mark AU - Gibney, Ethan J. AU - Diamond, Howard J. AU - Marra, John J. DA - 2015/03/01/ DO - 10.1002/joc.3990 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 3 KW - extreme events Rainfall Pacific Islands Climatology Extremes trends assessment ETCCDI ITCZ precipitation PSCP SPCZ LA - en PY - 2015 SN - 1097-0088 SP - 321-336 ST - On the state of the knowledge of rainfall extremes in the western and northern Pacific basin T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - On the state of the knowledge of rainfall extremes in the western and northern Pacific basin VL - 35 Y2 - 2016/03/17/02:34:58 ID - 22465 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Krumhardt, Kristen M. AU - Lovenduski, Nicole S. AU - Long, Matthew C. AU - Lindsay, Keith DO - 10.1002/2016GB005528 IS - 1 KW - net primary production phytoplankton ocean warming RCP scenarios climate change 1626 Global climate models 4805 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 4806 Carbon cycling 4815 Ecosystems, structure, dynamics, and modeling 4855 Phytoplankton PY - 2017 SN - 1944-9224 SP - 114-133 ST - Avoidable impacts of ocean warming on marine primary production: Insights from the CESM ensembles T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Avoidable impacts of ocean warming on marine primary production: Insights from the CESM ensembles VL - 31 ID - 24872 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is strong evidence that global climate change over the last several decades has caused shifts in species distributions, species extinctions, and alterations in the functioning of ecosystems. However, because of high variability on short (i.e., diurnal, seasonal, and annual) timescales as well as the recency of a comprehensive instrumental record, it is difficult to detect or provide evidence for long-term, site-specific trends in ocean temperature. Here we analyze five in situ datasets from Florida Keys coral reef habitats, including historic measurements taken by lighthouse keepers, to provide three independent lines of evidence supporting approximately 0.8 °C of warming in sea surface temperature (SST) over the last century. Results indicate that the warming observed in the records between 1878 and 2012 can be fully accounted for by the warming observed in recent decades (from 1975 to 2007), documented using in situ thermographs on a mid-shore patch reef. The magnitude of warming revealed here is similar to that found in other SST datasets from the region and to that observed in global mean surface temperature. The geologic context and significance of recent ocean warming to coral growth and population dynamics are discussed, as is the future prognosis for the Florida reef tract. AU - Kuffner, Ilsa B. AU - Lidz, Barbara H. AU - Hudson, J. Harold AU - Anderson, Jeffrey S. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s12237-014-9875-5 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1559-2731 SP - 1085-1096 ST - A century of ocean warming on Florida Keys coral reefs: Historic in situ observations T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - A century of ocean warming on Florida Keys coral reefs: Historic in situ observations VL - 38 ID - 24343 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate variability and trends affect global crop yields and are characterized as highly dependent on location, crop type, and irrigation. U.S. Great Plains, due to its significance in national food production, evident climate variability, and extensive irrigation is an ideal region of investigation for climate impacts on food production. This paper evaluates climate impacts on maize, sorghum, and soybean yields and effect of irrigation for individual counties in this region by employing extensive crop yield and climate datasets from 1968–2013. Variability in crop yields was a quarter of the regional average yields, with a quarter of this variability explained by climate variability, and temperature and precipitation explained these in singularity or combination at different locations. Observed temperature trend was beneficial for maize yields, but detrimental for sorghum and soybean yields, whereas observed precipitation trend was beneficial for all three crops. Irrigated yields demonstrated increased robustness and an effective mitigation strategy against climate impacts than their non-irrigated counterparts by a considerable fraction. The information, data, and maps provided can serve as an assessment guide for planners, managers, and policy- and decision makers to prioritize agricultural resilience efforts and resource allocation or re-allocation in the regions that exhibit risk from climate variability. AU - Kukal, Meetpal S. AU - Irmak, Suat DA - 2018/02/22 DO - 10.1038/s41598-018-21848-2 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 3450 ST - Climate-driven crop yield and yield variability and climate change impacts on the U.S. Great Plains agricultural production T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Climate-driven crop yield and yield variability and climate change impacts on the U.S. Great Plains agricultural production VL - 8 ID - 25552 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An important component of the hydrological niche involves the partitioning of water sources, but in landscapes characterized by shallow soils over fractured bedrock, root growth is highly constrained. We conducted a study to determine how physical constraints in the root zone affected the water use of three tree species that commonly coexist on the Edwards Plateau of central Texas; cedar elm (Ulmus crassifolia), live oak (Quercus fusiformis), and Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei). The year of the study was unusually dry; minimum predawn water potentials measured in August were −8 MPa in juniper, less than −8 MPa in elm, and −5 MPa in oak. All year long, species used nearly identical water sources, based on stable isotope analysis of stem water. Sap flow velocities began to decline simultaneously in May, but the rate of decline was fastest for oak and slowest for juniper. Thus, species partitioned water by time when they could not partition water by source. Juniper lost 15–30 % of its stem hydraulic conductivity, while percent loss for oak was 70–75 %, and 90 % for elm. There was no tree mortality in the year of the study, but 2 years later, after an even more severe drought in 2011, we recorded 34, 14, 6, and 1 % mortality among oak, elm, juniper, and Texas persimmon (Diospyros texana), respectively. Among the study species, mortality rates ranked in the same order as the rate of sap flow decline in 2009. Among the angiosperms, mortality rates correlated with wood density, lending further support to the hypothesis that species with more cavitation-resistant xylem are more susceptible to catastrophic hydraulic failure under acute drought. AU - Kukowski, Kelly R. AU - Schwinning, Susanne AU - Schwartz, Benjamin F. DA - April 01 DO - 10.1007/s00442-012-2466-x IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1432-1939 SP - 819-830 ST - Hydraulic responses to extreme drought conditions in three co-dominant tree species in shallow soil over bedrock T2 - Oecologia TI - Hydraulic responses to extreme drought conditions in three co-dominant tree species in shallow soil over bedrock VL - 171 ID - 21985 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kulmatiski, Andrew AU - Beard, Karen H. DO - 10.1038/nclimate1904 IS - 9 PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X 1758-6798 SP - 833-837 ST - Woody plant encroachment facilitated by increased precipitation intensity T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Woody plant encroachment facilitated by increased precipitation intensity VL - 3 ID - 22599 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rising sea levels are increasing the exposure of populations and infrastructure to coastal flooding. While earlier studies estimate magnitudes of future exposure or project rates of sea level rise, here, we estimate growth rates of exposure, likely to be a key factor in how effectively coastal communities can adapt. These rates may not correlate well with sea level rise rates due to varying patterns of topography and development. We integrate exposure assessments based on LiDAR elevation data with extreme flood event distributions and sea level rise projections to compute the expected annual exposure of population, housing, roads, and property value in 327 medium-to-large coastal municipalities circumscribing the contiguous USA, and identify those localities that could experience rapid exposure growth sometime this century. We define a rate threshold of 0.25% additive increase in expected annual exposure per year, based on its rarity of present-day exceedance. With unchecked carbon emissions under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, the number of cities exceeding the threshold reaches 33 (18–59, 90% CI) by 2050 and 90 (22–196) by 2100, including the cities of Boston and Miami. Sharp cuts under RCP 2.6 limit the end-of-century total to 28 (12–105), versus a baseline of 7 cities in 2000. The methods and results presented here offer a new way to illustrate the consequences of different emission scenarios or mitigation efforts, and locally assess the urgency of coastal adaptation measures. AU - Kulp, Scott AU - Strauss, Benjamin H. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1963-7 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 477-489 ST - Rapid escalation of coastal flood exposure in US municipalities from sea level rise T2 - Climatic Change TI - Rapid escalation of coastal flood exposure in US municipalities from sea level rise VL - 142 ID - 23803 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kuniansky, Eve L. AU - Gómez-Gómez, Fernando AU - Torres-González, Sigfredo CY - Guaynabo, PR PB - U.S. Geological Survey, Caribean District PY - 2004 SN - Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003–4303 SP - 56 ST - Effects of Aquifer Development and Changes in Irrigation Practices on Ground-Water Availability in the Santa Isabel Area, Puerto Rico TI - Effects of Aquifer Development and Changes in Irrigation Practices on Ground-Water Availability in the Santa Isabel Area, Puerto Rico UR - https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wri20034303 ID - 25249 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kuniansky, Eve L. AU - Rodriguez, José M CY - Reston, VA PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2010 SN - Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5022 SP - 106 ST - Effects of Changes in Irrigation Practices and Aquifer Development on Groundwater Discharge to the Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve near Salinas, Puerto Rico TI - Effects of Changes in Irrigation Practices and Aquifer Development on Groundwater Discharge to the Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve near Salinas, Puerto Rico UR - https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5022/ ID - 25250 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kunkel, Ken AU - Frankson, R. AU - Runkle, Jennifer AU - Champion, Sarah AU - Stevens, Laura AU - Easterling, David AU - Stewart, Brooke CY - Asheville, NC NV - NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2017 SP - [various] ST - State Climate Summaries for the United States TI - State Climate Summaries for the United States UR - https://statesummaries.ncics.org/ ID - 23940 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A newly available data set of daily precipitation observations was used to study the temporal variability of the frequency of short-duration extreme precipitation events for 1895–2000 in the conterminous United States. Event durations of 1, 5, 10, and 30 day and return periods of 1, 5, and 20 year were analyzed. For all combinations of duration and return period, heavy precipitation frequencies were relatively high during the late 19th/early 20th Centuries, decreasing to a minimum in the 1920s and 30s, followed by a general increase into the 1990s. The frequencies at the beginning of the 20th Century were nearly as high as during the late 20th Century for some combinations of duration and return period, suggesting that natural variability cannot be discounted as an important contributor to the recent high values. Extensive quality control of data and Monte Carlo testing was performed to provide confidence in the reality of the early period high frequencies. AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Easterling, David R. AU - Redmond, Kelly AU - Hubbard, Kenneth DO - 10.1029/2003GL018052 IS - 17 PY - 2003 ST - Temporal variations of extreme precipitation events in the United States: 1895–2000 T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Temporal variations of extreme precipitation events in the United States: 1895–2000 VL - 30 ID - 26139 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - Karl, T.R. AU - Brooks, H. AU - Kossin, J. AU - Lawrimore, J. AU - Arndt, D. AU - Bosart, L. AU - Changnon, D. AU - Cutter, S.L. AU - Doesken, N. AU - Emanuel, K. AU - Groisman, P.Ya. AU - Katz, R.W. AU - Knutson, T. AU - O’Brien, J. AU - Paciorek, C. J. AU - Peterson, T. C. AU - Redmond, K. AU - Robinson, D. AU - Trapp, J. AU - Vose, R. AU - Weaver, S. AU - Wehner, M. AU - Wolter, K. AU - Wuebbles, D. C6 - NCA DA - April 2013 DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00262.1 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SP - 499–514 ST - Monitoring and understanding trends in extreme storms: State of knowledge T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Monitoring and understanding trends in extreme storms: State of knowledge VL - 94 ID - 14148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Karl, Thomas R. AU - Easterling, David R. AU - Redmond, Kelly AU - Young, John AU - Yin, Xungang AU - Hennon, Paula DO - 10.1002/grl.50334 IS - 7 KW - Probable Maximum Precipitation Climate Change 1610 Atmosphere 1626 Global climate models 1655 Water cycles 1817 Extreme events 1840 Hydrometeorology PY - 2013 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 1402-1408 ST - Probable maximum precipitation and climate change T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Probable maximum precipitation and climate change VL - 40 ID - 19693 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A quality assessment of daily manual snowfall data has been undertaken for all U.S. long-term stations and their suitability for climate research. The assessment utilized expert judgment on the quality of each station. Through this process, the authors have identified a set of stations believed to be suitable for analysis of trends. Since the 1920s, snowfall has been declining in the West and the mid-Atlantic coast. In some places during recent years the decline has been more precipitous, strongly trending downward along the southern margins of the seasonal snow region, the southern Missouri River basin, and parts of the Northeast. Snowfall has been increasing since the 1920s in the lee of the Rocky Mountains, the Great Lakes–northern Ohio Valley, and parts of the north-central United States. These areas that are in opposition to the overall pattern of declining snowfall seem to be associated with specific dynamical processes, such as upslope snow and lake-effect snow that may be responding to changes in atmospheric circulation. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - Palecki, M. AU - Ensor, L. AU - Hubbard, K.G. AU - Robinson, D. AU - Redmond, K. AU - Easterling, D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/2008JTECHA1138.1 KW - Snowfall, Lake effects, Atmospheric circulation PY - 2009 SN - 1520-0426 SP - 33-44 ST - Trends in twentieth-century US snowfall using a quality-controlled dataset T2 - Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology TI - Trends in twentieth-century US snowfall using a quality-controlled dataset VL - 26 ID - 14150 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent studies of snow climatology show a mix of trends but a preponderance of evidence suggest an overall tendency toward decreases in several metrics of snow extremes. The analysis performed herein on maximum seasonal snow depth points to a robust negative trend in this variable for the period of winter 1960/1961–winter 2014/2015. This conclusion is applicable to North America. Maximum snow depth is also mostly decreasing for those European stations analyzed. Research studies show generally negative trends in snow cover extent and snow water equivalent across both North America and Eurasia. These results are mostly, but not fully, consistent with simple hypotheses for the effects of global warming on snow characteristics. AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Robinson, David A. AU - Champion, Sarah AU - Yin, Xungang AU - Estilow, Thomas AU - Frankson, Rebekah M. DO - 10.1007/s40641-016-0036-8 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 2198-6061 SP - 65-73 ST - Trends and extremes in Northern Hemisphere snow characteristics T2 - Current Climate Change Reports TI - Trends and extremes in Northern Hemisphere snow characteristics VL - 2 ID - 19433 ER - TY - GOVDOC AU - Kunkel, K. E. AU - Stevens, L. E. AU - Stevens, S. E. AU - Sun, L. AU - Janssen, E. AU - Wuebbles, D. AU - Hilberg, S.D. AU - Timlin, M.S. AU - Stoecker, L. AU - Westcott, N.E. AU - Dobson, J.G. CY - Washington, D.C. PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service PY - 2013 SP - 103 TI - Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 3. Climate of the Midwest U.S. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-3 UR - http://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/technical_reports/NOAA_NESDIS_Tech_Report_142-3-Climate_of_the_Midwest_U.S.pdf ID - 14154 ER - TY - GOVDOC AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - Stevens, L.E. AU - Stevens, S.E. AU - Sun, L. AU - Janssen, E. AU - Wuebbles, D. AU - Kruk, M.C. AU - Thomas, D.P. AU - Shulski, M. D. AU - Umphlett, N. AU - Hubbard, K. G. AU - Robbins, K. AU - Romolo, L. AU - Akyuz, A. AU - Pathak, T. AU - Bergantino, T. R. AU - Dobson, J.G. CY - Washington, DC PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service PY - 2013 SP - 91 TI - Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 4. Climate of the U.S. Great Plains. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-4 UR - http://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/technical_reports/NOAA_NESDIS_Tech_Report_142-4-Climate_of_the_U.S.%20Great_Plains.pdf ID - 14156 ER - TY - GOVDOC AU - Kunkel, K. E. AU - Stevens, L. E. AU - Stevens, S. E. AU - Sun, L. AU - Janssen, E. AU - Wuebbles, D. AU - Redmond, K.T. AU - Dobson, J.G. CY - Washington, DC PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service PY - 2013 SP - 87 TI - Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 5. Climate of the Southwest U.S. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-5 UR - http://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/technical_reports/NOAA_NESDIS_Tech_Report_142-5-Climate_of_the_Southwest_U.S.pdf ID - 14157 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kunreuther, Howard AU - Heal, Geoffrey AU - Allen, Myles AU - Edenhofer, Ottmar AU - Field, Christopher B. AU - Yohe, Gary C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/nclimate1740 IS - 5 M3 - Perspective PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X SP - 447-450 ST - Risk management and climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Risk management and climate change VL - 3 ID - 14161 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kunreuther, Howard AU - Michel-Kerjan, Erwann AU - Pauly, Mark DA - 2013/07/01 DO - 10.1080/00139157.2013.803884 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SN - 0013-9157 SP - 15-23 ST - Making America more resilient toward natural disasters: A call for action T2 - Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development TI - Making America more resilient toward natural disasters: A call for action VL - 55 ID - 24181 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Kunreuther, H. C. AU - Michel-Kerjan, E. O. AU - Doherty, Neil A. AU - Grace, Martin F. AU - Klein, Robert W. AU - Pauly, Mark V. C4 - 900e7241-6f7d-4dcf-935b-ee8ee81e45f5 PB - The MIT Press PY - 2011 SN - 9780262516549 (paperback) SP - 440 ST - At War with the Weather: Managing Large-Scale Risks in a New Era of Catastrophes TI - At War with the Weather: Managing Large-Scale Risks in a New Era of Catastrophes ID - 25872 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kuntz, Joseph AU - Murray, Robert IS - 1 PY - 2009 SP - 17-23 ST - Predictability of swimming prohibitions by observational parameters: A proactive public health policy, Stamford, Connecticut, 1989-2004 T2 - Journal of Environmental Health TI - Predictability of swimming prohibitions by observational parameters: A proactive public health policy, Stamford, Connecticut, 1989-2004 UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/26327960 VL - 72 ID - 25784 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kunz, M. AU - Mühr, B. AU - Kunz-Plapp, T. AU - Daniell, J. E. AU - Khazai, B. AU - Wenzel, F. AU - Vannieuwenhuyse, M. AU - Comes, T. AU - Elmer, F. AU - Schröter, K. AU - Fohringer, J. AU - Münzberg, T. AU - Lucas, C. AU - Zschau, J. DO - 10.5194/nhess-13-2579-2013 IS - 10 N1 - NHESS PY - 2013 SN - 1684-9981 SP - 2579-2598 ST - Investigation of superstorm Sandy 2012 in a multi-disciplinary approach T2 - Natural Hazards and Earth System Science TI - Investigation of superstorm Sandy 2012 in a multi-disciplinary approach VL - 13 ID - 24020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Künzli, Nino AU - Avol, Ed AU - Wu, Jun AU - Gauderman, W. James AU - Rappaport, Ed AU - Millstein, Joshua AU - Bennion, Jonathan AU - McConnell, Rob AU - Gilliland, Frank D. AU - Berhane, Kiros AU - Lurmann, Fred AU - Winer, Arthur AU - Peters, John M. DO - 10.1164/rccm.200604-519OC IS - 11 N1 - Ch3,7 PY - 2006 SN - 1073-449X 1535-4970 SP - 1221-1228 ST - Health effects of the 2003 Southern California wildfires on children T2 - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine TI - Health effects of the 2003 Southern California wildfires on children VL - 174 ID - 16477 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kuppinger, Dane M AU - Jenkins, Michael A AU - White, Peter S DO - 10.1007/s10530-010-9745-4 IS - 10 PY - 2010 SN - 1387-3547 SP - 3473-3484 ST - Predicting the post-fire establishment and persistence of an invasive tree species across a complex landscape T2 - Biological Invasions TI - Predicting the post-fire establishment and persistence of an invasive tree species across a complex landscape VL - 12 ID - 22600 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kurdgelashvili, Lado AU - Li, Junli AU - Shih, Cheng-Hao AU - Attia, Benjamin DA - 2016/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.105 KW - Photovoltaics Solar rooftop potential Distributed generation Residential buildings Commercial buildings State solar potential PY - 2016 SN - 0960-1481 SP - 286-302 ST - Estimating technical potential for rooftop photovoltaics in California, Arizona and New Jersey T2 - Renewable Energy TI - Estimating technical potential for rooftop photovoltaics in California, Arizona and New Jersey VL - 95 ID - 23804 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kurz, W. A. AU - Dymond, C. C. AU - Stinson, G. AU - Rampley, G. J. AU - Neilson, E. T. AU - Carroll, A. L. AU - Ebata, T. AU - Safranyik, L. DA - 04/24/print DO - 10.1038/nature06777 IS - 7190 N1 - 10.1038/nature06777 PY - 2008 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 987-990 ST - Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change T2 - Nature TI - Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change VL - 452 ID - 21984 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Kuttner, Hanns CY - Washington, DC NV - Briefing Paper PB - Hudson Institute PY - 2016 SP - 29 ST - The Economic Impact of Rural Broadband TI - The Economic Impact of Rural Broadband UR - https://www.hudson.org/research/12428-the-economic-impact-of-rural-broadband ID - 23625 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kwiatkowski, Lester AU - Bopp, Laurent AU - Aumont, Olivier AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Cox, Peter M. AU - Laufkötter, Charlotte AU - Li, Yue AU - Séférian, Roland DA - 04/10/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3265 PY - 2017 SP - 355-358 ST - Emergent constraints on projections of declining primary production in the tropical oceans T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Emergent constraints on projections of declining primary production in the tropical oceans VL - 7 ID - 25713 ER - TY - RPRT AU - KWO CY - Topeka, KS PB - Kansas Water Office (KWO) PY - 2015 SP - various ST - 2014 Kansas Water Plan TI - 2014 Kansas Water Plan UR - https://kwo.ks.gov/water-vision-water-plan/water-plan ID - 25802 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kwok, Alison G. AU - Rajkovich, Nicholas B. DA - 2010/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.02.005 IS - 1 KW - Climate change Mitigation Adaptation Thermal comfort Energy use PY - 2010 SN - 0360-1323 SP - 18-22 ST - Addressing climate change in comfort standards T2 - Building and Environment TI - Addressing climate change in comfort standards VL - 45 ID - 25617 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kwon, Hyun-Han AU - Lall, Upmanu AU - Khalil, Abedalrazq F. DO - 10.1029/2006WR005258 IS - 5 KW - wavelet decomposition nonstationary nonlinear time series simulation autoregressive model Everglades National Park 1872 Time series analysis 1869 Stochastic hydrology 1854 Precipitation 1840 Hydrometeorology PY - 2007 SN - 1944-7973 SP - W05407 ST - Stochastic simulation model for nonstationary time series using an autoregressive wavelet decomposition: Applications to rainfall and temperature T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Stochastic simulation model for nonstationary time series using an autoregressive wavelet decomposition: Applications to rainfall and temperature VL - 43 ID - 21503 ER - TY - JOUR AU - La Sorte, Frank A. AU - Thompson, Frank R., III DO - 10.1890/06-1072.1 IS - 7 KW - abundance Christmas Bird Count common species distribution of avifauna geographical range global climate change North America temporal turnover winter range PY - 2007 SN - 1939-9170 SP - 1803-1812 ST - Poleward shifts in winter ranges of North American birds T2 - Ecology TI - Poleward shifts in winter ranges of North American birds VL - 88 ID - 23805 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Using the database developed by the General Accounting Office on proposed fuels reduction actions on federal lands in 2001 and 2002, we conduct probit regression analysis to identify factors that significantly affect the likelihood of administrative appeal. The likelihood of appeal of a proposed fuels reduction action is significantly increased by (1) the size of area affected, (2) the number of proposed activities at the site, (3) when one of the stated purposes is commodity production (timber and sawlogs), (4) when one of the stated purposes is reduction of project-generated fuels, (5) implementation involves prescribed burning or mechanical thinning, and (6) the presence of at least one species of mammal at risk of extinction in the immediate vicinity of the site. Conversely, the likelihood of appeal is significantly reduced if (7) implementation is handled by Forest Service personnel or using a service contract, and (8) the proposed action is located in a Wildland–Urban Interface area. However, we also observe persistent regional effects, with fuels reduction proposals in Region 1 (3, 6, 8) characterized by a significantly higher (lower) likelihood of appeal than proposals in the other regions. AU - Laband, David N. AU - González-Cabán, Armando AU - Hussain, Anwar DA - // IS - 5 KW - Forest fuels reduction Healthy Forests and Restoration Act bivariate probit with sample selection forest policy PY - 2006 SP - 477-488 ST - Factors that influence administrative appeals of proposed USDA Forest Service fuels reduction actions T2 - Forest Science TI - Factors that influence administrative appeals of proposed USDA Forest Service fuels reduction actions UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/fs/2006/00000052/00000005/art00001 VL - 52 ID - 21982 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Seasonal transitions from winter to spring impact a wide variety of ecological and physical systems. While the effects of early springs across North America are widely documented, changes in their frequency and likelihood under the combined influences of climate change and natural variability are poorly understood. Extremely early springs, such as March 2012, can lead to severe economical losses and agricultural damage when these are followed by hard freeze events. Here we use the new Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble project and Extended Spring Indices to simulate historical and future spring onsets across the United States and in the particular the Great Lakes region. We found a marked increase in the frequency of March 2012-like springs by midcentury in addition to an overall trend towards earlier spring onsets, which nearly doubles that of observational records. However, changes in the date of last freeze do not occur at the same rate, therefore, causing a potential increase in the threat of plant tissue damage. Although large-scale climate modes, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, have previously dominated decadal to multidecadal spring onset trends, our results indicate a decreased role in natural climate variability and hence a greater forced response by the end of the century for modulating trends. Without a major reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, our study suggests that years like 2012 in the US could become normal by mid-century. AU - Labe, Zachary AU - Ault, Toby AU - Zurita-Milla, Raul DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s00382-016-3313-2 IS - 11 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 3949-3966 ST - Identifying anomalously early spring onsets in the CESM large ensemble project T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Identifying anomalously early spring onsets in the CESM large ensemble project VL - 48 ID - 23401 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Laczko, Frank A2 - Aghazarm, Christine AU - Laczko, Frank AU - Aghazarm, Christine C4 - 1f3e17a3-0ce9-42da-900e-72841d3baa9b CY - Geneva, Switzerland PB - International Organization for Migration (IOM) PY - 2009 SN - 978-92-9068-454-1 SP - 7-40 ST - Introduction and overview: Enhancing the knowledge base T2 - Migration, Environment and Climate Change: Assessing the Evidence TI - Introduction and overview: Enhancing the knowledge base UR - https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/migration_and_environment.pdf ID - 24019 ER - TY - JOUR AU - LaDeau, S. L. AU - Clark, J. S. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01133.x IS - 3 KW - carbon dioxide climate change FACE fecundity Pinus taeda pollen reproductive allocation respiratory health strobili PY - 2006 SN - 1365-2435 SP - 541-547 ST - Pollen production by Pinus taeda growing in elevated atmospheric CO2 T2 - Functional Ecology TI - Pollen production by Pinus taeda growing in elevated atmospheric CO2 VL - 20 ID - 24256 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mosquito-vectored pathogens are responsible for devastating human diseases and are (re)emerging in many urban environments. Effective mosquito control in urban landscapes relies on improved understanding of the complex interactions between the ecological and social factors that define where mosquito populations can grow. We compared the density of mosquito habitat and pupae production across economically varying neighborhoods in two temperate U.S. cities (Baltimore, MD and Washington, DC). Seven species of mosquito larvae were recorded. The invasive Aedes albopictus was the only species found in all neighborhoods. Culex pipiens, a primary vector of West Nile virus (WNV), was most abundant in Baltimore, which also had more tire habitats. Both Culex and Aedes pupae were more likely to be sampled in neighborhoods categorized as being below median income level in each city and Aedes pupae density was also greater in container habitats found in these lower income neighborhoods. We infer that lower income residents may experience greater exposure to potential disease vectors and Baltimore residents specifically, were at greater risk of exposure to the predominant WNV vector. However, we also found that resident-reported mosquito nuisance was not correlated with our measured risk index, indicating a potentially important mismatch between motivation needed to engage participation in control efforts and the relative importance of control among neighborhoods. AU - LaDeau, Shannon L. AU - Leisnham, Paul T. AU - Biehler, Dawn AU - Bodner, Danielle DA - 04/12 02/08/received 03/20/revised 04/03/accepted DB - PMC DO - 10.3390/ijerph10041505 IS - 4 N1 - ijerph-10-01505[PII] 23583963[pmid] Int J Environ Res Public Health PY - 2013 SN - 1661-7827 1660-4601 SP - 1505-1526 ST - Higher mosquito production in low-income neighborhoods of Baltimore and Washington, DC: Understanding ecological drivers and mosquito-borne disease risk in temperate cities T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Higher mosquito production in low-income neighborhoods of Baltimore and Washington, DC: Understanding ecological drivers and mosquito-borne disease risk in temperate cities VL - 10 ID - 23022 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Lader, Glenn AU - Raman, Aishwarya AU - Davis, Jeffrey T. AU - Waters, Ken CY - Tuscon, AZ PB - NOAA National Weather Service PY - 2016 SN - NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS-WR 290 SP - 89 ST - Blowing Dust and Dust Storms: One of Arizona's Most Underrated Weather Hazards TI - Blowing Dust and Dust Storms: One of Arizona's Most Underrated Weather Hazards UR - http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/images/news/Aish_Article.pdf ID - 26373 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to alter the frequencies and intensities of at least some types of extreme events. Although Alaska is already experiencing an amplified response to climate change, studies of extreme event occurrences have lagged those for other regions. Forced migration due to coastal erosion, failing infrastructure on thawing permafrost, more severe wildfire seasons, altered ocean chemistry, and an ever-shrinking season for snow and ice are among the most devastating effects, many of which are related to extreme climate events. This study uses regional dynamical downscaling with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to investigate projected twenty-first-century changes of daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation over Alaska. The forcing data used for the downscaling simulations include the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim; 1981–2010), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 3 (GFDL CM3), historical (1976–2005), and GFDL CM3 representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5; 2006–2100). Observed trends of temperature and sea ice coverage in the Arctic are large, and the present trajectory of global emissions makes a continuation of these trends plausible. The future scenario is bias adjusted using a quantile-mapping procedure. Results indicate an asymmetric warming of climate extremes; namely, cold extremes rise fastest, and the greatest changes occur in winter. Maximum 1- and 5-day precipitation amounts are projected to increase by 53% and 50%, which is larger than the corresponding increases for the contiguous United States. When compared with the historical period, the shifts in temperature and precipitation indicate unprecedented heat and rainfall across Alaska during this century. AU - Lader, Rick AU - Walsh, John E. AU - Bhatt, Uma S. AU - Bieniek, Peter A. DO - 10.1175/jamc-d-16-0415.1 IS - 9 KW - Arctic,Extreme events,Climate change,Societal impacts PY - 2017 SP - 2393-2409 ST - Projections of twenty-first-century climate extremes for Alaska via dynamical downscaling and quantile mapping T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - Projections of twenty-first-century climate extremes for Alaska via dynamical downscaling and quantile mapping VL - 56 ID - 22343 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at multidecadal and longer timescales is poorly constrained, primarily because instrumental records are short and proxy records are noisy. Through applying a new noise filtering technique to a global network of late Holocene SST proxies, we estimate SST variability between annual and millennial timescales. Filtered estimates of SST variability obtained from coral, foraminifer, and alkenone records are shown to be consistent with one another and with instrumental records in the frequency bands at which they overlap. General circulation models, however, simulate SST variability that is systematically smaller than instrumental and proxy-based estimates. Discrepancies in variability are largest at low latitudes and increase with timescale, reaching two orders of magnitude for tropical variability at millennial timescales. This result implies major deficiencies in observational estimates or model simulations, or both, and has implications for the attribution of past variations and prediction of future change. AU - Laepple, Thomas AU - Huybers, Peter DA - November 25, 2014 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1412077111 IS - 47 PY - 2014 SP - 16682-16687 ST - Ocean surface temperature variability: Large model–data differences at decadal and longer periods T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Ocean surface temperature variability: Large model–data differences at decadal and longer periods VL - 111 ID - 21073 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Laidler, G.J. AU - Ford, J.D. AU - Gough, W.A. AU - Ikummaq, T. AU - Gagnon, A.S. AU - Kowal, S. AU - Qrunnut, K. AU - Irngaut, C. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-008-9512-z IS - 4 PY - 2009 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 363-397 ST - Travelling and hunting in a changing Arctic: Assessing Inuit vulnerability to sea ice change in Igloolik, Nunavut T2 - Climatic Change TI - Travelling and hunting in a changing Arctic: Assessing Inuit vulnerability to sea ice change in Igloolik, Nunavut VL - 94 ID - 14177 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Laidre, Kristin L. AU - Stern, Harry AU - Kovacs, Kit M. AU - Lowry, Lloyd AU - Moore, Sue E. AU - Regehr, Eric V. AU - Ferguson, Steven H. AU - Wiig, Øystein AU - Boveng, Peter AU - Angliss, Robyn P. AU - Born, Erik W. AU - Litovka, Dennis AU - Quakenbush, Lori AU - Lydersen, Christian AU - Vongraven, Dag AU - Ugarte, Fernando DO - 10.1111/cobi.12474 IS - 3 KW - circumpolar assessment climate change management subsistence harvest cambio climático caza para la subsistencia evaluación circumpolar manejo PY - 2015 SN - 1523-1739 SP - 724-737 ST - Arctic marine mammal population status, sea ice habitat loss, and conservation recommendations for the 21st century T2 - Conservation Biology TI - Arctic marine mammal population status, sea ice habitat loss, and conservation recommendations for the 21st century VL - 29 ID - 24873 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Laidre, Kristin L. AU - Stirling, Ian AU - Lowry, Lloyd F. AU - Wiig, Øystein AU - Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter AU - Ferguson, Steven H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1890/06-0546.1 IS - 2 PY - 2008 SN - 1051-0761 SP - S97-S125 ST - Quantifying the sensitivity of Arctic marine mammals to climate-induced habitat change T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Quantifying the sensitivity of Arctic marine mammals to climate-induced habitat change VL - 18 ID - 14178 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Long, Jonathan W. A2 - Quinn-Davidson, Lenya N. A2 - Skinner, Carl N. AU - Lake, Frank K. AU - Long, Jonathan W. C4 - 13af7e4d-9182-43bf-b557-c2a7615ece38 CY - Albany, CA PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pacific Southwest Research Station PY - 2014 SE - 4.2 SP - 173-186 ST - Fire and tribal cultural resources SV - PSW-GTR-247 T2 - Science Synthesis to Support Socioecological Resilience in the Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascade Range TI - Fire and tribal cultural resources UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr247/chapters/psw_gtr247_chapter4_2.pdf ID - 23939 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This review examined the likely impact of climate change upon food-borne disease in the UK using Campylobacter and Salmonella as example organisms. Campylobacter is an important food-borne disease and an increasing public health threat. There is a reasonable evidence base that the environment and weather play a role in its transmission to humans. However, uncertainty as to the precise mechanisms through which weather affects disease, make it difficult to assess the likely impact of climate change. There are strong positive associations between Salmonella cases and ambient temperature, and a clear understanding of the mechanisms behind this. However, because the incidence of Salmonella disease is declining in the UK, any climate change increases are likely to be small. For both Salmonella and Campylobacter the disease incidence is greatest in older adults and young children. There are many pathways through which climate change may affect food but only a few of these have been rigorously examined. This provides a high degree of uncertainty as to what the impacts of climate change will be. Food is highly controlled at the National and EU level. This provides the UK with resilience to climate change as well as potential to adapt to its consequences but it is unknown whether these are sufficient in the context of a changing climate. AU - Lake, Iain R. DA - December 05 DO - 10.1186/s12940-017-0327-0 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1476-069X SP - 117 ST - Food-borne disease and climate change in the United Kingdom T2 - Environmental Health TI - Food-borne disease and climate change in the United Kingdom VL - 16 ID - 25319 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lal, P. AU - Alavalapati, J.R.R. AU - Mercer, E.D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s11027-011-9295-9 IS - 7 PY - 2011 SN - 1381-2386 SP - 819-844 ST - Socio-economic impacts of climate change on rural United States T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - Socio-economic impacts of climate change on rural United States VL - 16 ID - 14179 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lal, Rattan DA - May 1, 2015 DO - 10.2489/jswc.70.3.55A IS - 3 PY - 2015 SP - 55A-62A ST - Sequestering carbon and increasing productivity by conservation agriculture T2 - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation TI - Sequestering carbon and increasing productivity by conservation agriculture VL - 70 ID - 23551 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Lal, R. AU - Stewart, B. A. CY - New York DO - 10.1007/978-1-4612-3322-0 PB - Springer PY - 1990 SN - 978-1-4612-7966-2 SP - 345 ST - Soil Degradation T2 - Advances in Soil Science 11 TI - Soil Degradation ID - 23626 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Lall, U. AU - Johnson, T. AU - Colohan, P. AU - Aghakouchak, A. AU - Brown, C. AU - McCabe, G. AU - Pulwarty, R. AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. C4 - 49abbab5-a082-44b9-89e0-e29174776f90 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH3 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 3 SP - xxx ST - Water T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Water ID - 26637 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lam, Vicky W. Y. AU - Cheung, William W. L. AU - Reygondeau, Gabriel AU - Sumaila, U. Rashid DA - 09/07/online DO - 10.1038/srep32607 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - Art. 32607 ST - Projected change in global fisheries revenues under climate change T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Projected change in global fisheries revenues under climate change VL - 6 ID - 24874 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lam, Y. F. AU - Fu, J. S. AU - Wu, S. AU - Mickley, L. J. DO - 10.5194/acp-11-4789-2011 IS - 10 N1 - ACP PY - 2011 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 4789-4806 ST - Impacts of future climate change and effects of biogenic emissions on surface ozone and particulate matter concentrations in the United States T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Impacts of future climate change and effects of biogenic emissions on surface ozone and particulate matter concentrations in the United States VL - 11 ID - 24255 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lambin, Eric F AU - Meyfroidt, Patrick DO - 10.1073/pnas.1100480108 IS - 9 PY - 2011 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 3465-3472 ST - Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity VL - 108 ID - 22602 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lambin, Eric F AU - Turner, Billie L AU - Geist, Helmut J AU - Agbola, Samuel B AU - Angelsen, Arild AU - Bruce, John W AU - Coomes, Oliver T AU - Dirzo, Rodolfo AU - Fischer, Günther AU - Folke, Carl AU - P.S.George AU - Homewood, Katherine AU - Imbernon, Jacques AU - Leemans, Rik AU - Li, Xiubin AU - Moran, Emilio F. AU - Mortimore, Michael AU - Ramakrishnan, P.S. AU - Richards, John F. AU - Skånes, Helle AU - Steffen, Will AU - Stone, Glenn D. AU - Svedin, Uno AU - Veldkamp, Tom A. AU - Vogel, Coleen AU - Xu, Jianchu DO - 10.1016/S0959-3780(01)00007-3 IS - 4 PY - 2001 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 261-269 ST - The causes of land-use and land-cover change: Moving beyond the myths T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - The causes of land-use and land-cover change: Moving beyond the myths VL - 11 ID - 22603 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lamond, Jessica Elizabeth AU - Joseph, Rotimi D. AU - Proverbs, David G. DA - 2015/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2015.04.008 KW - Flood memory PTSD Anxiety Frequent flooding Flood impact Mental health Flood recovery PY - 2015 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 325-334 ST - An exploration of factors affecting the long term psychological impact and deterioration of mental health in flooded households T2 - Environmental Research TI - An exploration of factors affecting the long term psychological impact and deterioration of mental health in flooded households VL - 140 ID - 24069 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The consequences of climate change for local biodiversity are little understood in process or mechanism, but these changes are likely to reflect both changing regional species pools and changing competitive interactions. Previous empirical work largely supports the idea that competition will intensify under climate change, promoting competitive exclusions and local extinctions, while theory and conceptual work indicate that relaxed competition may in fact buffer communities from biodiversity losses that are typically witnessed at broader spatial scales. In this review, we apply life history theory to understand the conditions under which these alternative scenarios may play out in the context of a range-shifting biota undergoing rapid evolutionary and environmental change, and at both leading-edge and trailing-edge communities. We conclude that, in general, warming temperatures are likely to reduce life history variation among competitors, intensifying competition in both established and novel communities. However, longer growing seasons, severe environmental stress and increased climatic variability associated with climate change may buffer these communities against intensified competition. The role of life history plasticity and evolution has been previously underappreciated in community ecology, but may hold the key to understanding changing species interactions and local biodiversity under changing climates.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences’. AU - Lancaster, Lesley T. AU - Morrison, Gavin AU - Fitt, Robert N. DO - 10.1098/rstb.2016.0046 IS - 1712 PY - 2017 ST - Life history trade-offs, the intensity of competition, and coexistence in novel and evolving communities under climate change T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Life history trade-offs, the intensity of competition, and coexistence in novel and evolving communities under climate change VL - 372 ID - 23402 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Landis, Douglas A. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa825c IS - 10 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 101003 ST - Productive engagement with agriculture essential to monarch butterfly conservation T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Productive engagement with agriculture essential to monarch butterfly conservation VL - 12 ID - 26591 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We analyzed the potential physical and economic impacts of climate change on freshwater fisheries and coral reefs in the United States, examining a reference case and two policy scenarios that limit global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We modeled shifts in suitable habitat for three freshwater fish guilds and changes in coral reef cover for three regions. We estimated resulting economic impacts from projected changes in recreational fishing and changes in recreational use of coral reefs. In general, coldwater fisheries are projected to be replaced by less desirable fisheries over the 21st century, but these impacts are reduced under the GHG mitigation scenarios. Similarly, coral cover is projected to decline over the 21st century primarily due to multiple bleaching events, but the GHG mitigation scenarios delay these declines in Hawaii (but not in South Florida or Puerto Rico). Using a benefit-transfer approach, we estimated that global policies limiting GHG emissions would provide economic benefits in the range of $10–28 billion over the 21st century through maintaining higher values for recreational services for all freshwater fisheries and coral reefs, compared to the reference scenario. These economic values are a subset of the total economic and societal benefits associated with avoiding projected future declines in freshwater fisheries and coral reef cover due to unmitigated climate change. AU - Lane, Diana AU - Jones, Russell AU - Mills, David AU - Wobus, Cameron AU - Ready, Richard C. AU - Buddemeier, Robert W. AU - English, Eric AU - Martinich, Jeremy AU - Shouse, Kate AU - Hosterman, Heather DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1107-2 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 143-157 ST - Climate change impacts on freshwater fish, coral reefs, and related ecosystem services in the United States T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change impacts on freshwater fish, coral reefs, and related ecosystem services in the United States VL - 131 ID - 24646 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The biological and economic values of coral reefs are highly vulnerable to increasing atmospheric and ocean carbon dioxide concentrations. We applied the COMBO simulation model (COral Mortality and Bleaching Output) to three major U.S. locations for shallow water reefs: South Florida, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii. We compared estimates of future coral cover from 2000 to 2100 for a “business as usual” (BAU) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenario with a GHG mitigation policy scenario involving full international participation in reducing GHG emissions. We also calculated the economic value of changes in coral cover using a benefit transfer approach based on published studies of consumers' recreational values for snorkeling and diving on coral reefs as well as existence values for coral reefs. Our results suggest that a reduced emissions scenario would provide a large benefit to shallow water reefs in Hawaii by delaying or avoiding potential future bleaching events. For Hawaii, reducing emissions is projected to result in an estimated “avoided loss” from 2000 to 2100 of approximately $10.6 billion in recreational use values compared to a BAU scenario. However, reducing emissions is projected to provide only a minor economic benefit in Puerto Rico and South Florida, where sea-surface temperatures are already close to bleaching thresholds and coral cover is projected to drop well below 5% cover under both scenarios by 2050, and below 1% cover under both scenarios by 2100. AU - Lane, Diana R. AU - Ready, Richard C. AU - Buddemeier, Robert W. AU - Martinich, Jeremy A. AU - Shouse, Kate Cardamone AU - Wobus, Cameron W. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0082579 IS - 12 PY - 2013 SP - e82579 ST - Quantifying and valuing potential climate change impacts on coral reefs in the United States: Comparison of two scenarios T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Quantifying and valuing potential climate change impacts on coral reefs in the United States: Comparison of two scenarios VL - 8 ID - 24344 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lane, Kathryn AU - Charles-Guzman, Kizzy AU - Wheeler, Katherine AU - Abid, Zaynah AU - Graber, Nathan AU - Matte, Thomas C7 - 913064 DO - 10.1155/2013/913064 PY - 2013 SP - 913064 ST - Health effects of coastal storms and flooding in urban areas: A review and vulnerability assessment T2 - Journal of Environmental and Public Health TI - Health effects of coastal storms and flooding in urban areas: A review and vulnerability assessment VL - 2013 ID - 23015 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat waves can be lethal and routinely prompt public warnings about the dangers of heat. With climate change, extreme heat events will become more frequent and intense. However, little is known about public awareness of heat warnings or behaviors during hot weather. Awareness of heat warnings, prevention behaviors, and air conditioning (AC) prevalence and use in New York City were assessed using quantitative and qualitative methods. A random sample telephone survey was conducted in September 2011 among 719 adults and follow-up focus groups were held in winter 2012 among seniors and potential senior caregivers. During summer 2011, 79 % of adults heard or saw a heat warning. Of the 24 % who were seniors or in fair or poor health, 34 % did not own AC or never/rarely used it on hot days. Of this subgroup, 30 % were unaware of warnings, and 49 % stay home during hot weather. Reasons for not using AC during hot weather include disliking AC (29 %), not feeling hot (19 %), and a preference for fans (18 %). Seniors in the focus groups did not perceive themselves to be at risk, and often did not identify AC as an important health protection strategy. While heat warnings are received by most New Yorkers, AC cost, risk perception problems, and a preference for staying home leave many at risk during heat waves. Improving AC access and risk communications will help better protect the most vulnerable during heat waves. AU - Lane, Kathryn AU - Wheeler, Katherine AU - Charles-Guzman, Kizzy AU - Ahmed, Munerah AU - Blum, Micheline AU - Gregory, Katherine AU - Graber, Nathan AU - Clark, Nancy AU - Matte, Thomas DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s11524-013-9850-7 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1468-2869 SP - 403-414 ST - Extreme heat awareness and protective behaviors in New York City T2 - Journal of Urban Health TI - Extreme heat awareness and protective behaviors in New York City VL - 91 ID - 24117 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Lane, Nic CY - Washington, DC NV - Order Code RL34466 PB - Congressional Research Service (CRS) PY - 2008 SP - 10 ST - The Bureau of Reclamation’s Aging Infrastructure. CRS Report for Congress TI - The Bureau of Reclamation’s Aging Infrastructure. CRS Report for Congress UR - https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20080430_RL34466_999c4f1e853858e3c312f08c1888d8b83929d19b.pdf ID - 23957 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Most Lyme disease cases in the Midwestern United States are reported in Minnesota and Wisconsin. In recent years, however, a widening geographic extent of Lyme disease has been noted with evidence of expansion eastwards into Michigan and neighboring states with historically low incidence rates.Methods.We collected confirmed and probable cases of Lyme disease from 2000 through 2014 from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, entering them in a geographic information system. We performed spatial focal cluster analyses to characterize Lyme disease expansion. We compared the distribution of human cases with recent Ixodes scapularis tick distribution studies.Results.Lyme disease cases in both the Upper and Lower Peninsulas of Michigan expanded more than 5-fold over the study period. Although increases were seen throughout the Upper Peninsula, the Lower Peninsula particularly expanded along the Indiana border north along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. Human cases corresponded to a simultaneous expansion in established I scapularis tick populations.Conclusions.The geographic distribution of Lyme disease cases significantly expanded in Michigan between 2000 and 2014, particularly northward along the Lake Michigan shore. If such dynamic trends continue, Michigan—and possibly neighboring areas of Indiana, Ohio, and Ontario, Canada—can expect a continued increase in Lyme disease cases. AU - Lantos, Paul M. AU - Tsao, Jean AU - Nigrovic, Lise E. AU - Auwaerter, Paul G. AU - Fowler, Vance G. AU - Ruffin, Felicia AU - Foster, Erik AU - Hickling, Graham DO - 10.1093/ofid/ofw269 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - Art. ofw269 ST - Geographic expansion of Lyme disease in Michigan, 2000–2014 T2 - Open Forum Infectious Diseases TI - Geographic expansion of Lyme disease in Michigan, 2000–2014 VL - 4 ID - 21290 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lantz, Eric AU - Mai, Trieu AU - Wiser, Ryan H. AU - Krishnan, Venkat DA - 2016/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.023 KW - Wind energy Wind vision Scenario modeling Wind integration Transmission PY - 2016 SN - 0306-2619 SP - 832-846 ST - Long-term implications of sustained wind power growth in the United States: Direct electric system impacts and costs T2 - Applied Energy TI - Long-term implications of sustained wind power growth in the United States: Direct electric system impacts and costs VL - 179 ID - 26093 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Larcher, Walter C4 - 9b30cb39-2de7-468b-a292-d758d56c4aa3 CY - Berlin ET - 4th PB - Springer PY - 2003 SN - 978-3-540-43516-7 SP - 514 ST - Physiological Plant Ecology: Ecophysiology and Stress Physiology of Functional Groups TI - Physiological Plant Ecology: Ecophysiology and Stress Physiology of Functional Groups ID - 24345 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Largier, John AU - Cheng, Brian AU - Higgason, Kelley CY - Silver Spring, MD NV - Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series ONMS-11-04 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries PY - 2011 SP - 121 ST - Climate Change Impacts: Gulf of the Farallones and Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuaries TI - Climate Change Impacts: Gulf of the Farallones and Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuaries UR - https://nmssanctuaries.blob.core.windows.net/sanctuaries-prod/media/archive/science/conservation/pdfs/gf_cbnms_climate_report.pdf ID - 23938 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Cultivation of corn and soybeans in the United States reached record high levels following the biofuels boom of the late 2000s. Debate exists about whether the expansion of these crops caused conversion of grasslands and other carbon-rich ecosystems to cropland or instead replaced other crops on existing agricultural land. We tracked crop-specific expansion pathways across the conterminous US and identified the types, amount, and locations of all land converted to and from cropland, 2008–2012. We found that crop expansion resulted in substantial transformation of the landscape, including conversion of long-term unimproved grasslands and land that had not been previously used for agriculture (cropland or pasture) dating back to at least the early 1970s. Corn was the most common crop planted directly on new land, as well as the largest indirect contributor to change through its displacement of other crops. Cropland expansion occurred most rapidly on land that is less suitable for cultivation, raising concerns about adverse environmental and economic costs of conversion. Our results reveal opportunities to increase the efficacy of current federal policy conservation measures by modifying coverage of the 2014 US Farm Bill Sodsaver provision and improving enforcement of the US Renewable Fuels Standard. AU - Lark, Tyler J. AU - Salmon, J. Meghan AU - Gibbs, Holly K. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/4/044003 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 044003 ST - Cropland expansion outpaces agricultural and biofuel policies in the United States T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Cropland expansion outpaces agricultural and biofuel policies in the United States VL - 10 ID - 21593 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Larkin, Alice AU - Kuriakose, Jaise AU - Sharmina, Maria AU - Anderson, Kevin DA - 2018/07/03 DO - 10.1080/14693062.2017.1346498 IS - 6 PY - 2018 SN - 1469-3062 SP - 690-714 ST - What if negative emission technologies fail at scale? Implications of the Paris Agreement for big emitting nations T2 - Climate Policy TI - What if negative emission technologies fail at scale? Implications of the Paris Agreement for big emitting nations VL - 18 ID - 26082 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Larsen, Angela AU - Derby Lewis, Abigail AU - Lyandres, Olga AU - Chen, Tingqiao AU - Frank, Ken PB - Great Lakes Integrated Sciences + Assessments (GLISA) PY - 2014 SP - 18 ST - Developing a Community of Climate‐Informed Conservation Practitioners to Protect a Priority Landscape in Illinois and Wisconsin TI - Developing a Community of Climate‐Informed Conservation Practitioners to Protect a Priority Landscape in Illinois and Wisconsin UR - http://glisa.umich.edu/media/files/projectreports/GLISA_ProjRep_ILWI_Ravines.pdf ID - 21283 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Larsen, C. F. AU - Burgess, E. AU - Arendt, A. A. AU - O'Neel, S. AU - Johnson, A. J. AU - Kienholz, C. DO - 10.1002/2015GL064349 IS - 14 KW - Alaska glaciers tidewater glaciers mass balance Operation IceBridge 0762 Mass balance 0720 Glaciers 0774 Dynamics 0758 Remote sensing 1218 Mass balance PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 5902-5908 ST - Surface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Surface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance VL - 42 ID - 20797 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Larsen, J. N. AU - Anisimov, O. A. AU - Constable, A. AU - Hollowed, A. B. AU - Maynard, N. AU - Prestrud, P. AU - Prowse, T. D. AU - Stone, J. M. R. C4 - 1610a3e0-23da-41ec-8e57-60caa0218f0c CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 28 SP - 1567-1612 ST - Polar regions T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Polar regions ID - 17689 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Larsen, Joan Nymand AU - Fondahl, Gail CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DO - 10.6027/TN2014-567 NV - TemaNord 2014:567 PB - Nordic Council of Ministers PY - 2015 SP - 504 ST - Arctic Human Development Report: Regional Processes and Global Linkages TI - Arctic Human Development Report: Regional Processes and Global Linkages ID - 22241 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Larsen, Joan Nymand AU - Schweitzer, Peter AU - Petrov, Andrey CY - Denmark DO - 10.6027/TN2014-568 NV - TemaNord 2014:568 PB - Nordic Council of Ministers PY - 2014 ST - Arctic Social Indicators, ASI II: Implementation TI - Arctic Social Indicators, ASI II: Implementation ID - 22242 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Larsen, Kate AU - Larsen, John AU - Delgado, Michael AU - Herndon, Whitney AU - Mohan, Shashank CY - New York, NY PB - Rhodium Group PY - 2017 SP - 27 ST - Assessing the Effect of Rising Temperatures: The Cost of Climate Change to the U.S. Power Sector TI - Assessing the Effect of Rising Temperatures: The Cost of Climate Change to the U.S. Power Sector UR - https://rhg.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/RHG_PowerSectorImpactsOfClimateChange_Jan2017-1.pdf ID - 21377 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Larsen, Kate AU - Larsen, John AU - Herndon, Whitney AU - Mohan, Shashank AU - Houser, Trevor CY - New York, NY PB - Rhodium Group PY - 2017 SP - 10 ST - Taking Stock 2017: Adjusting Expectations for US Greenhouse Gas Emissions TI - Taking Stock 2017: Adjusting Expectations for US Greenhouse Gas Emissions UR - https://rhg.com/research/taking-stock-2017-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions/ ID - 25224 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Larsen, Larissa DO - 10.1890/150103 IS - 9 PY - 2015 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 486-492 ST - Urban climate and adaptation strategies T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Urban climate and adaptation strategies VL - 13 ID - 21224 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Larsen, M.C. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1080/02723646.2000.10642723 IS - 6 PY - 2000 SN - 0272-3646 SP - 494-521 ST - Analysis of 20th century rainfall and streamflow to characterize drought and water resources in Puerto Rico T2 - Physical Geography TI - Analysis of 20th century rainfall and streamflow to characterize drought and water resources in Puerto Rico VL - 21 ID - 14199 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Larsen, Peter H. AU - Boehlert, Brent AU - Eto, Joseph H. AU - Hamachi-LaCommare, Kristina AU - Martinich, Jeremy AU - Rennels, Lisa CY - Berkeley, CA NV - LBNL- 1007027 PB - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory PY - 2017 SP - 45 ST - Projecting Future Costs to U.S. Electric Utility Customers From Power Interruptions TI - Projecting Future Costs to U.S. Electric Utility Customers From Power Interruptions UR - https://emp.lbl.gov/publications/projecting-future-costs-us-electric ID - 24520 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Larsen, P. H. AU - Goldsmith, S. AU - Smith, O. AU - Wilson, M. L. AU - Strzepek, K. AU - Chinowsky, P. AU - Saylor, B. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.03.005 IS - 3 KW - forestry; permafrost PY - 2008 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 442-457 ST - Estimating future costs for Alaska public infrastructure at risk from climate change T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Estimating future costs for Alaska public infrastructure at risk from climate change VL - 18 ID - 14201 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Larsen, Peter H. AU - LaCommare, Kristina H. AU - Eto, Joseph H. AU - Sweeney, James L. CY - Berkeley, CA NV - LBNL‐188741 PB - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory PY - 2015 SP - 68 ST - Assessing Changes in the Reliability of the U.S. Electric Power System TI - Assessing Changes in the Reliability of the U.S. Electric Power System UR - https://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbnl-188741.pdf ID - 21372 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Larsen, Stefano AU - Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D. AU - Marti, Eugenia DO - 10.1111/gcb.13182 IS - 7 KW - allochthonous detritus ecosystem boundaries riparian zone temperature and hydrological regimes trophic mismatches PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2489-2504 ST - Resource subsidies between stream and terrestrial ecosystems under global change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Resource subsidies between stream and terrestrial ecosystems under global change VL - 22 ID - 23403 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Complexities and uncertainties surrounding urbanization and climate change complicate water resource sustainability. Although research has examined various aspects of complex water systems, including uncertainties, relatively few attempts have been made to synthesize research findings in particular contexts. We fill this gap by examining the complexities, uncertainties, and decision processes for water sustainability and urban adaptation to climate change in the case study region of Phoenix, Arizona. In doing so, we integrate over a decade of research conducted by Arizona State University’s Decision Center for a Desert City (DCDC). DCDC is a boundary organization that conducts research in collaboration with policy makers, with the goal of informing decision-making under uncertainty. Our results highlight: the counterintuitive, non-linear, and competing relationships in human–environment dynamics; the myriad uncertainties in climatic, scientific, political, and other domains of knowledge and practice; and, the social learning that has occurred across science and policy spheres. Finally, we reflect on how our interdisciplinary research and boundary organization has evolved over time to enhance adaptive and sustainable governance in the face of complex system dynamics. AN - 10.3390/su71114761 AU - Larson, Kelli AU - White, Dave AU - Gober, Patricia AU - Wutich, Amber IS - 11 KW - urban water SW climate change Adaptation PY - 2015 SN - 2071-1050 SP - 14761-14784 ST - Decision-making under uncertainty for water sustainability and urban climate change adaptation T2 - Sustainability TI - Decision-making under uncertainty for water sustainability and urban climate change adaptation UR - http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/7/11/14761 VL - 7 ID - 22773 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Larson, Robert P. AU - Byrne, James M. AU - Johnson, Dan L. AU - Kienzie, Stefan W. AU - Letts, Matthew G. DA - 2011/01/01 DO - 10.4296/cwrj3601035 IS - 1 PY - 2011 SN - 0701-1784 SP - 35-52 ST - Modelling climate change impacts on spring runoff for the Rocky Mountains of Montana and Alberta II: Runoff change projections using future scenarios T2 - Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques TI - Modelling climate change impacts on spring runoff for the Rocky Mountains of Montana and Alberta II: Runoff change projections using future scenarios VL - 36 ID - 21615 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Latif, Quresh S. AU - Sanderlin, Jamie S. AU - Saab, Victoria A. AU - Block, William M. AU - Dudley, Jonathan G. C7 - e01346 DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1346 IS - 5 KW - Arizona burn severity disturbance dry conifer forests fire regimes forest bird communities habitat management Idaho multispecies occupancy models population responses species richness wildfire PY - 2016 SN - 2150-8925 SP - e01346 ST - Avian relationships with wildfire at two dry forest locations with different historical fire regimes T2 - Ecosphere TI - Avian relationships with wildfire at two dry forest locations with different historical fire regimes VL - 7 ID - 24645 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Latta, Gregory AU - Temesgen, Hailemariam AU - Adams, Darius AU - Barrett, Tara DA - 2010/02/05/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.003 IS - 4 KW - Mapping climate change Mean annual increment Simultaneous autoregressive model Site class PY - 2010 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 720-729 ST - Analysis of potential impacts of climate change on forests of the United States Pacific Northwest T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Analysis of potential impacts of climate change on forests of the United States Pacific Northwest VL - 259 ID - 26490 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Latta, Gregory AU - Temesgen, Hailemariam AU - Barrett, Tara M. DA - 2009/06/01 DO - 10.1139/X09-046 IS - 6 PY - 2009 SN - 0045-5067 SP - 1197-1207 ST - Mapping and imputing potential productivity of Pacific Northwest forests using climate variables T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research TI - Mapping and imputing potential productivity of Pacific Northwest forests using climate variables VL - 39 Y2 - 2018/01/25 ID - 24726 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Laufkötter, C. AU - Vogt, M. AU - Gruber, N. AU - Aita-Noguchi, M. AU - Aumont, O. AU - Bopp, L. AU - Buitenhuis, E. AU - Doney, S. C. AU - Dunne, J. AU - Hashioka, T. AU - Hauck, J. AU - Hirata, T. AU - John, J. AU - Le Quéré, C. AU - Lima, I. D. AU - Nakano, H. AU - Seferian, R. AU - Totterdell, I. AU - Vichi, M. AU - Völker, C. DO - 10.5194/bg-12-6955-2015 IS - 23 PY - 2015 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 6955-6984 ST - Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production in marine ecosystem models T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production in marine ecosystem models VL - 12 ID - 20483 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Laurance, William F. AU - Carolina Useche, D. AU - Shoo, Luke P. AU - Herzog, Sebastian K. AU - Kessler, Michael AU - Escobar, Federico AU - Brehm, Gunnar AU - Axmacher, Jan C. AU - Chen, I. Ching AU - Gámez, Lucrecia Arellano AU - Hietz, Peter AU - Fiedler, Konrad AU - Pyrcz, Tomasz AU - Wolf, Jan AU - Merkord, Christopher L. AU - Cardelus, Catherine AU - Marshall, Andrew R. AU - Ah-Peng, Claudine AU - Aplet, Gregory H. AU - del Coro Arizmendi, M. AU - Baker, William J. AU - Barone, John AU - Brühl, Carsten A. AU - Bussmann, Rainer W. AU - Cicuzza, Daniele AU - Eilu, Gerald AU - Favila, Mario E. AU - Hemp, Andreas AU - Hemp, Claudia AU - Homeier, Jürgen AU - Hurtado, Johanna AU - Jankowski, Jill AU - Kattán, Gustavo AU - Kluge, Jürgen AU - Krömer, Thorsten AU - Lees, David C. AU - Lehnert, Marcus AU - Longino, John T. AU - Lovett, Jon AU - Martin, Patrick H. AU - Patterson, Bruce D. AU - Pearson, Richard G. AU - Peh, Kelvin S. H. AU - Richardson, Barbara AU - Richardson, Michael AU - Samways, Michael J. AU - Senbeta, Feyera AU - Smith, Thomas B. AU - Utteridge, Timothy M. A. AU - Watkins, James E. AU - Wilson, Rohan AU - Williams, Stephen E. AU - Thomas, Chris D. DA - 2011/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.010 IS - 1 KW - Africa Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Climate change Elevational range Endemism Extinction Global warming Montane areas Neotropics Thermal tolerance Tropical ecosystems PY - 2011 SN - 0006-3207 SP - 548-557 ST - Global warming, elevational ranges and the vulnerability of tropical biota T2 - Biological Conservation TI - Global warming, elevational ranges and the vulnerability of tropical biota VL - 144 ID - 25032 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C.B. A2 - Barros, V. A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Ebi, K.L. A2 - Mastrandrea, M.D. A2 - Mach, K.J. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Lavell, Allan AU - Oppenheimer, Michael AU - Diop, Cherif AU - Hess, Jeremy AU - Lempert, Robert AU - Li, Jianping AU - Muir-Wood, Robert AU - Myeong, Soojeong AU - Moser, Susanne AU - Takeuchi, Kuniyoshi C4 - d234f7fb-8e59-472d-a109-2560e8e836a9 CY - Cambridge, UK and New York, NY PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-107-60780-4 SP - 25-64 ST - Climate change: New dimensions in disaster risk, exposure, vulnerability, and resilience T2 - Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Climate change: New dimensions in disaster risk, exposure, vulnerability, and resilience UR - https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srex/SREX-Chap1_FINAL.pdf ID - 24209 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lavers, David A. AU - Ralph, F. Martin AU - Waliser, Duane E. AU - Gershunov, Alexander AU - Dettinger, Michael D. DO - 10.1002/2015GL064672 IS - 13 KW - water vapor transport CMIP5 climate change 1616 Climate variability 1627 Coupled models of the climate system 3305 Climate change and variability PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 5617-5625 ST - Climate change intensification of horizontal water vapor transport in CMIP5 T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Climate change intensification of horizontal water vapor transport in CMIP5 VL - 42 ID - 20580 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lawrence, Peter J AU - Chase, Thomas N DO - 10.1029/2006JG000168 IS - G1 PY - 2007 SN - 2156-2202 SP - G01023 ST - Representing a new MODIS consistent land surface in the Community Land Model (CLM 3.0) T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Representing a new MODIS consistent land surface in the Community Land Model (CLM 3.0) VL - 112 ID - 22604 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Laws, Angela Nardoni AU - Joern, Anthony DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20419.x IS - 7 PY - 2013 SN - 1600-0706 SP - 977-986 ST - Predator–prey interactions in a grassland food chain vary with temperature and food quality T2 - Oikos TI - Predator–prey interactions in a grassland food chain vary with temperature and food quality VL - 122 ID - 23404 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Lawson, Michael L. C4 - 44a0f7ca-136d-435a-817d-34cd9f6ec8ee CY - Pierre, SD PB - South Dakota State Historical Society PY - 2009 SE - 397 SN - 0979894018 ST - Dammed Indians Revisited: The Continuing History of the Pick-Sloan Plan and the Missouri River Sioux TI - Dammed Indians Revisited: The Continuing History of the Pick-Sloan Plan and the Missouri River Sioux ID - 21675 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs) depend on predictable, frequent, and prolonged immersion in cloud. Clearing upwind lowland forest alters surface energy budgets in ways that influence dry season cloud fields and thus the TMCF environment. Landsat and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite imagery show that deforested areas of Costa Rica's Caribbean lowlands remain relatively cloud-free when forested regions have well-developed dry season cumulus cloud fields. Further, regional atmospheric simulations show that cloud base heights are higher over pasture than over tropical forest areas under reasonable dry season conditions. These results suggest that land use in tropical lowlands has serious impacts on ecosystems in adjacent mountains. AU - Lawton, R. O. AU - Nair, U. S. AU - Pielke, R. A. AU - Welch, R. M. DO - 10.1126/science.1062459 IS - 5542 PY - 2001 SP - 584-587 ST - Climatic impact of tropical lowland deforestation on nearby montane cloud forests T2 - Science TI - Climatic impact of tropical lowland deforestation on nearby montane cloud forests VL - 294 ID - 25031 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Island communities stand to be among the first and most adversely affected by the impacts of global climate change. Rising sea levels, changing precipitation and storm patterns, and increasing air and sea-surface temperatures stress already limited island resources while climate change policies circumscribe local decision making. Anthropologists make important contributions to understanding island-based knowledge, global causes of vulnerability, local perceptions of risk, and islander agency channeled into adaptive capacity and resilience. A conceptual framework that recognizes both the complexity of the causes of island vulnerability and the constraints and opportunities available to islanders offers an analytical approach to understanding islander responses to climate change, including migration. The framework is used to show that island communities are not merely isolated, small, and impoverished but that they are often deeply globally connected in ways that reject such simple descriptions and will be essential to just and equitable climate solutions. AU - Lazrus, Heather DA - 2012 DO - 10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145730 DP - Annual Reviews IS - 1 PY - 2012 SP - 285-301 ST - Sea change: Island communities and climate change T2 - Annual Review of Anthropology TI - Sea change: Island communities and climate change VL - 41 ID - 22466 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The potential for break-up of Antarctic ice shelves by hydrofracturing and following ice cliff instability might be important for future ice dynamics. One recent study suggests that the Antarctic ice sheet could lose a lot more mass during the 21st century than previously thought. This increased mass-loss is found to strongly depend on the emission scenario and thereby on global temperature change. We investigate the impact of this new information on high-end global sea level rise projections by developing a probabilistic process-based method. It is shown that uncertainties in the projections increase when including the temperature dependence of Antarctic mass loss and the uncertainty in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) model ensemble. Including these new uncertainties we provide probability density functions for the high-end distribution of total global mean sea level in 2100 conditional on emission scenario. These projections provide a probabilistic context to previous extreme sea level scenarios developed for adaptation purposes. AU - Le Bars, Dewi AU - Drijfhout, Sybren AU - de Vries, Hylke DA - 2017 DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa6512 DP - Institute of Physics IS - 4 LA - en PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 044013 ST - A high-end sea level rise probabilistic projection including rapid Antarctic ice sheet mass loss T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - A high-end sea level rise probabilistic projection including rapid Antarctic ice sheet mass loss VL - 12 ID - 22388 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is impacting global fisheries and societies that depend on them. Identifying climate adaptation measures requires understanding how environmental changes and management policies interact in driving fishery productivity. Coincident with the recent exceptional warming of the northwest Atlantic Ocean, the American lobster has become the most valuable fishery resource in North America. Here we show that interactions between warming waters, ecosystem changes, and differences in conservation efforts led to the simultaneous collapse of lobster fishery in southern New England and record-breaking landings in the Gulf of Maine. Our results demonstrate that sound, widely adopted fishery conservation measures based on fundamental biological principles can help capitalize on gains and mitigate losses caused by global climate change.Managing natural resources in an era of increasing climate impacts requires accounting for the synergistic effects of climate, ecosystem changes, and harvesting on resource productivity. Coincident with recent exceptional warming of the northwest Atlantic Ocean and removal of large predatory fish, the American lobster has become the most valuable fishery resource in North America. Using a model that links ocean temperature, predator density, and fishing to population productivity, we show that harvester-driven conservation efforts to protect large lobsters prepared the Gulf of Maine lobster fishery to capitalize on favorable ecosystem conditions, resulting in the record-breaking landings recently observed in the region. In contrast, in the warmer southern New England region, the absence of similar conservation efforts precipitated warming-induced recruitment failure that led to the collapse of the fishery. Population projections under expected warming suggest that the American lobster fishery is vulnerable to future temperature increases, but continued efforts to preserve the stock's reproductive potential can dampen the negative impacts of warming. This study demonstrates that, even though global climate change is severely impacting marine ecosystems, widely adopted, proactive conservation measures can increase the resilience of commercial fisheries to climate change. AU - Le Bris, Arnault AU - Mills, Katherine E. AU - Wahle, Richard A. AU - Chen, Yong AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Allyn, Andrew J. AU - Schuetz, Justin G. AU - Scott, James D. AU - Pershing, Andrew J. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1711122115 IS - 8 PY - 2018 SP - 1831-1836 ST - Climate vulnerability and resilience in the most valuable North American fishery T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climate vulnerability and resilience in the most valuable North American fishery VL - 115 ID - 25507 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Preserving larger fish is often advocated as a conservation measure to help fish populations buffer environmental variation and fishing pressure. The rationale is that several size- and age-dependent reproductive traits confer a higher reproductive value to larger fish. The effects of variation in these reproductive traits on the dynamics of populations under various fishing patterns are however seldom evaluated. In this study, we develop a simulation model to evaluate how variation in three reproductive traits (fecundity–mass, hatching probability, and batch spawning) impacts the capacity of a fish population to withstand and recover from high fishing pressure. Biological functions of the model were calibrated based on the Gulf of Maine Atlantic cod stock, which is currently experiencing its lowest biomass level ever estimated. Results showed that variation in the shape of the fecundity–mass relationship had the most substantial impact on population resistance and recovery. Batch spawning and variation in hatching probability had limited impacts. Furthermore, results showed that preserving larger fish by imposing a slot fishery increased the resistance of the population to high fishing pressure, because it helped preserve the population reproductive potential determined by the high fecundity of large fish. The slot fishery, however, impeded population recovery, because it distributed the fishing pressure on intermediate-size classes which potential for biomass growth is maximal. This study underlines the importance of using precise size-dependent fecundity estimates when evaluating the productivity and sustainability of fisheries, as well as the importance of identifying priority among the components of population resilience (e.g. resistance or recovery) before implementing size-selective harvest strategies. AU - Le Bris, Arnault AU - Pershing, Andrew J. AU - Hernandez, Christina M. AU - Mills, Katherine E. AU - Sherwood, Graham D. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsv154 IS - 9 PY - 2015 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 2590-2599 ST - Modelling the effects of variation in reproductive traits on fish population resilience T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Modelling the effects of variation in reproductive traits on fish population resilience VL - 72 ID - 25508 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Le Quéré, C. AU - Andrew, R. M. AU - Canadell, J. G. AU - Sitch, S. AU - Korsbakken, J. I. AU - Peters, G. P. AU - Manning, A. C. AU - Boden, T. A. AU - Tans, P. P. AU - Houghton, R. A. AU - Keeling, R. F. AU - Alin, S. AU - Andrews, O. D. AU - Anthoni, P. AU - Barbero, L. AU - Bopp, L. AU - Chevallier, F. AU - Chini, L. P. AU - Ciais, P. AU - Currie, K. AU - Delire, C. AU - Doney, S. C. AU - Friedlingstein, P. AU - Gkritzalis, T. AU - Harris, I. AU - Hauck, J. AU - Haverd, V. AU - Hoppema, M. AU - Klein Goldewijk, K. AU - Jain, A. K. AU - Kato, E. AU - Körtzinger, A. AU - Landschützer, P. AU - Lefèvre, N. AU - Lenton, A. AU - Lienert, S. AU - Lombardozzi, D. AU - Melton, J. R. AU - Metzl, N. AU - Millero, F. AU - Monteiro, P. M. S. AU - Munro, D. R. AU - Nabel, J. E. M. S. AU - Nakaoka, S. I. AU - O'Brien, K. AU - Olsen, A. AU - Omar, A. M. AU - Ono, T. AU - Pierrot, D. AU - Poulter, B. AU - Rödenbeck, C. AU - Salisbury, J. AU - Schuster, U. AU - Schwinger, J. AU - Séférian, R. AU - Skjelvan, I. AU - Stocker, B. D. AU - Sutton, A. J. AU - Takahashi, T. AU - Tian, H. AU - Tilbrook, B. AU - van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T. AU - van der Werf, G. R. AU - Viovy, N. AU - Walker, A. P. AU - Wiltshire, A. J. AU - Zaehle, S. DO - 10.5194/essd-8-605-2016 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SN - 1866-3516 SP - 605-649 ST - Global carbon budget 2016 T2 - Earth System Science Data TI - Global carbon budget 2016 VL - 8 ID - 20486 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Le Quéré, C. AU - Andrew, R. M. AU - Friedlingstein, P. AU - Sitch, S. AU - Pongratz, J. AU - Manning, A. C. AU - Korsbakken, J. I. AU - Peters, G. P. AU - Canadell, J. G. AU - Jackson, R. B. AU - Boden, T. A. AU - Tans, P. P. AU - Andrews, O. D. AU - Arora, V. K. AU - Bakker, D. C. E. AU - Barbero, L. AU - Becker, M. AU - Betts, R. A. AU - Bopp, L. AU - Chevallier, F. AU - Chini, L. P. AU - Ciais, P. AU - Cosca, C. E. AU - Cross, J. AU - Currie, K. AU - Gasser, T. AU - Harris, I. AU - Hauck, J. AU - Haverd, V. AU - Houghton, R. A. AU - Hunt, C. W. AU - Hurtt, G. AU - Ilyina, T. AU - Jain, A. K. AU - Kato, E. AU - Kautz, M. AU - Keeling, R. F. AU - Klein Goldewijk, K. AU - Körtzinger, A. AU - Landschützer, P. AU - Lefèvre, N. AU - Lenton, A. AU - Lienert, S. AU - Lima, I. AU - Lombardozzi, D. AU - Metzl, N. AU - Millero, F. AU - Monteiro, P. M. S. AU - Munro, D. R. AU - Nabel, J. E. M. S. AU - Nakaoka, S. I. AU - Nojiri, Y. AU - Padin, X. A. AU - Peregon, A. AU - Pfeil, B. AU - Pierrot, D. AU - Poulter, B. AU - Rehder, G. AU - Reimer, J. AU - Rödenbeck, C. AU - Schwinger, J. AU - Séférian, R. AU - Skjelvan, I. AU - Stocker, B. D. AU - Tian, H. AU - Tilbrook, B. AU - Tubiello, F. N. AU - van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T. AU - van der Werf, G. R. AU - van Heuven, S. AU - Viovy, N. AU - Vuichard, N. AU - Walker, A. P. AU - Watson, A. J. AU - Wiltshire, A. J. AU - Zaehle, S. AU - Zhu, D. DO - 10.5194/essd-10-405-2018 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - 1866-3516 SP - 405-448 ST - Global carbon budget 2017 T2 - Earth System Science Data TI - Global carbon budget 2017 VL - 10 ID - 25415 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Le Quéré, Corinne AU - Raupach, Michael R. AU - Canadell, Josep G. AU - Marland, Gregg AU - Bopp, Laurent AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Conway, Thomas J. AU - Doney, Scott C. AU - Feely, Richard A. AU - Foster, Pru AU - Friedlingstein, Pierre AU - Gurney, Kevin AU - Houghton, Richard A. AU - House, Joanna I. AU - Huntingford, Chris AU - Levy, Peter E. AU - Lomas, Mark R. AU - Majkut, Joseph AU - Metzl, Nicolas AU - Ometto, Jean P. AU - Peters, Glen P. AU - Prentice, I. Colin AU - Randerson, James T. AU - Running, Steven W. AU - Sarmiento, Jorge L. AU - Schuster, Ute AU - Sitch, Stephen AU - Takahashi, Taro AU - Viovy, Nicolas AU - van der Werf, Guido R. AU - Woodward, F. Ian C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/ngeo689 IS - 12 PY - 2009 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 831-836 ST - Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide VL - 2 ID - 14211 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Leard, Benjamin AU - Roth, Kevin CY - Washington DC NV - RFF DP 15-19-REV2 PB - Resources for the Future PY - 2017 SP - 57 ST - Voluntary Exposure Benefits and the Costs of Climate Change T2 - RFF Discussion Paper TI - Voluntary Exposure Benefits and the Costs of Climate Change UR - http://www.rff.org/files/document/file/RFF-WP-15-19-REV2.pdf ID - 21306 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Leatherberry, Earl C. AU - Moser, W. Keith AU - Perry, Charles AU - Woodall, Christopher AU - Jepsen, Edward AU - Pennington, Steve AU - Flickinger, Aron. CY - St. Paul, MN NV - Resource Bulletin NC-266A PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station PY - 2006 SP - 84 ST - Iowa’s Forests 1999-2003 (Part A) TI - Iowa’s Forests 1999-2003 (Part A) UR - https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/rb/rb_nc266a.pdf ID - 21271 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change might impact crop yields considerably and anticipated transformations of agricultural systems are needed in the coming decades to sustain affordable food provision. However, decision-making on transformational shifts in agricultural systems is plagued by uncertainties concerning the nature and geography of climate change, its impacts, and adequate responses. Locking agricultural systems into inadequate transformations costly to adjust is a significant risk and this acts as an incentive to delay action. It is crucial to gain insight into how much transformation is required from agricultural systems, how robust such strategies are, and how we can defuse the associated challenge for decision-making. While implementing a definition related to large changes in resource use into a global impact assessment modelling framework, we find transformational adaptations to be required of agricultural systems in most regions by 2050s in order to cope with climate change. However, these transformations widely differ across climate change scenarios: uncertainties in large-scale development of irrigation span in all continents from 2030s on, and affect two-thirds of regions by 2050s. Meanwhile, significant but uncertain reduction of major agricultural areas affects the Northern Hemisphere’s temperate latitudes, while increases to non-agricultural zones could be large but uncertain in one-third of regions. To help reducing the associated challenge for decision-making, we propose a methodology exploring which, when, where and why transformations could be required and uncertain, by means of scenario analysis. AU - Leclère, D. AU - Havlík, P. AU - Fuss, S. AU - Schmid, E. AU - Mosnier, A. AU - Walsh, B. AU - Valin, H. AU - Herrero, M. AU - Khabarov, N. AU - Obersteiner, M. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/9/12/124018 IS - 12 PY - 2014 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 124018 ST - Climate change induced transformations of agricultural systems: insights from a global model T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Climate change induced transformations of agricultural systems: insights from a global model VL - 9 ID - 22067 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The impacts of climate change on agriculture depend on local conditions and crops grown. For instance, warmer winter temperatures in a given area would reduce chill hours, potentially cutting yields for some crops but extending the growing season for others. Using a century of climate data and six decades of acreage data, we established quantitative economic relationships between the evolution of local climate and acreage of 12 important crops in Yolo County. We then used the historical trend in climate change to project future crop acreages in the county. Only marginal changes in acreage in 2050 were projected for tree and vine crops there, in part because chill hours, although lower, remained above critical values. Walnuts were the most vulnerable tree crop, and the projections indicated some cultivars might be marginal in years with particularly warm winters. Processing tomato acreage might increase, due to a longer growing season, and also alfalfa acreage, if water availability and other factors remain constant. AU - Lee, Hyunok AU - Sumner, Daniel A. DO - 10.3733/ca.v070n01p9 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 0008-0845 SP - 9-14 ST - Modeling the effects of local climate change on crop acreage T2 - California Agriculture TI - Modeling the effects of local climate change on crop acreage VL - 70 ID - 23808 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dengue has been prevalent in Colombia with high risk of outbreaks in various locations. While the prediction of dengue epidemics will bring significant benefits to the society, accurate forecasts have been a challenge. Given competing health demands in Colombia, it is critical to consider the effective use of the limited healthcare resources by identifying high risk areas for dengue fever. AU - Lee, Jung-Seok AU - Carabali, Mabel AU - Lim, Jacqueline K. AU - Herrera, Victor M. AU - Park, Il-Yeon AU - Villar, Luis AU - Farlow, Andrew DA - July 10 DO - 10.1186/s12879-017-2577-4 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1471-2334 SP - 480 ST - Early warning signal for dengue outbreaks and identification of high risk areas for dengue fever in Colombia using climate and non-climate datasets T2 - BMC Infectious Diseases TI - Early warning signal for dengue outbreaks and identification of high risk areas for dengue fever in Colombia using climate and non-climate datasets VL - 17 ID - 24070 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lee, M. A. AU - Davis, A. P. AU - Chagunda, M. G. G. AU - Manning, P. DO - 10.5194/bg-14-1403-2017 IS - 6 N1 - BG PY - 2017 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 1403-1417 ST - Forage quality declines with rising temperatures, with implications for livestock production and methane emissions T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Forage quality declines with rising temperatures, with implications for livestock production and methane emissions VL - 14 ID - 23552 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lee, Tong AU - McPhaden, Michael J. DO - 10.1029/2010GL044007 IS - 14 KW - El Niño 1616 Climate variability 4231 Equatorial oceanography 4522 ENSO PY - 2010 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L14603 ST - Increasing intensity of El Niño in the central-equatorial Pacific T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Increasing intensity of El Niño in the central-equatorial Pacific VL - 37 ID - 19629 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Leefers, Larry A. CY - Lansing, MI PB - Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Forest Resource Division PY - 2015 SP - 32 ST - Forest Products Industries’ Economic Contributions to Michigan’s Economy in 2013 TI - Forest Products Industries’ Economic Contributions to Michigan’s Economy in 2013 UR - https://www.michigan.gov/documents/dnr/FPIECME2013-Leefers_513869_7.pdf ID - 21272 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lefcheck, Jonathan S. AU - Wilcox, David J. AU - Murphy, Rebecca R. AU - Marion, Scott R. AU - Orth, Robert J. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13623 IS - 9 KW - climate change eutrophication global warming nutrients remote sensing seagrass PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 3474-3483 ST - Multiple stressors threaten the imperiled coastal foundation species eelgrass (Zostera marina) in Chesapeake Bay, USA T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Multiple stressors threaten the imperiled coastal foundation species eelgrass (Zostera marina) in Chesapeake Bay, USA VL - 23 ID - 24827 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Leffingwell, E., de K. CY - Washington, DC PB - U. S. Geological Survey PY - 1919 SN - USGS Professional paper 109 SP - 251 ST - Canning River Region of Northern Alaska TI - Canning River Region of Northern Alaska UR - https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0109/report.pdf ID - 26547 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lefort, Stelly AU - Aumont, Olivier AU - Bopp, Laurent AU - Arsouze, Thomas AU - Gehlen, Marion AU - Maury, Olivier DO - 10.1111/gcb.12679 IS - 1 KW - biogeochemical model body-size of organisms climate change climate scenario high trophic level model pelagic communities trophic transfer PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 154-164 ST - Spatial and body-size dependent response of marine pelagic communities to projected global climate change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Spatial and body-size dependent response of marine pelagic communities to projected global climate change VL - 21 ID - 23405 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Leggett, Jane A. CY - Washington, DC PB - Congressional Research Service PY - 2015 SN - CRS Report R43915 SP - 99 ST - Climate Change Adaptation by Federal Agencies: An Analysis of Plans and Issues for Congress TI - Climate Change Adaptation by Federal Agencies: An Analysis of Plans and Issues for Congress UR - https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43915.pdf ID - 24210 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Lehikoinen, E. S. A. AU - Sparks, Tim H. AU - Zalakevicius, Mecislovas C4 - 39d1cdc8-6302-4642-a4e3-457ee307946f DO - 10.1016/S0065-2504(04)35001-4 KW - Arrival Departure Bird migration Climate change Impact Temperature NAO Phenology Life history PB - Academic Press PY - 2004 SN - 0065-2504 SP - 1-31 ST - Arrival and departure dates T2 - Advances in Ecological Research TI - Arrival and departure dates VL - 35 ID - 21749 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The probability that summer temperatures in the future will exceed the hottest on record during 1920–2014 is projected to increase at all land locations with global warming. Within the BRACE project framework we investigate the sensitivity of this projected change in probability to the choice of emissions scenario using two large ensembles of simulations with the Community Earth System Model. The large ensemble size allows for a robust assessment of the probability of record-breaking temperatures. Globally, the probability that any summer during the period 2061–2081 will be warmer than the hottest on record is 80 % for RCP 8.5 and 41 % for RCP 4.5. Hence, mitigation can reduce the risk of record-breaking temperatures by 39 %. The potential for risk reduction is greatest for some of the most populated regions of the globe. In Europe, for example, a potential risk reduction of over 50 % is projected. Model biases and future changes in temperature variance have only minor effects on the results, as their contribution stays well below 10 % for almost all locations. AU - Lehner, Flavio AU - Deser, Clara AU - Sanderson, Benjamin M. DA - February 16 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1616-2 IS - 3-4 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 363-375 ST - Future risk of record-breaking summer temperatures and its mitigation T2 - Climatic Change TI - Future risk of record-breaking summer temperatures and its mitigation VL - 146 ID - 23553 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lehner, Flavio AU - Wahl, Eugene R. AU - Wood, Andrew W. AU - Blatchford, Douglas B. AU - Llewellyn, Dagmar DO - 10.1002/2017GL073253 IS - 9 KW - runoff efficiency paleoclimate temperature climate variability streamflow Rio Grande 1616 Climate variability 1860 Streamflow 1880 Water management 3344 Paleoclimatology 9350 North America PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 4124-4133 ST - Assessing recent declines in Upper Rio Grande runoff efficiency from a paleoclimate perspective T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Assessing recent declines in Upper Rio Grande runoff efficiency from a paleoclimate perspective VL - 44 ID - 23809 ER - TY - JOUR AB - IPCC-type climate models have produced simulations of the oceanic environment that can be used to drive models of upper trophic levels to explore the impact of climate change on marine resources. We use the Spatial Ecosystem And Population Dynamics Model (SEAPODYM) to investigate the potential impact of Climate change under IPCC A2 scenario on Pacific skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). IPCC-type models are still coarse in resolution and can produce significant anomalies, e.g., in water temperature. These limitations have direct and strong effects when modeling the dynamics of marine species. Therefore, parameter estimation experiments based on assimilation of historical fishing data are necessary to calibrate the model to these conditions before exploring the future scenarios. A new simulation based on corrected temperature fields of the A2 simulation from one climate model (IPSL-CM4) is presented. The corrected fields led to a new parameterization close to the one achieved with more realistic environment from an ocean reanalysis and satellite-derived primary production. Projected changes in skipjack population under simple fishing effort scenarios are presented. The skipjack catch and biomass is predicted to slightly increase in the Western Central Pacific Ocean until 2050 then the biomass stabilizes and starts to decrease after 2060 while the catch reaches a plateau. Both feeding and spawning habitat become progressively more favourable in the eastern Pacific Ocean and also extend to higher latitudes, while the western equatorial warm pool is predicted to become less favorable for skipjack spawning. AU - Lehodey, Patrick AU - Senina, Inna AU - Calmettes, Beatriz AU - Hampton, John AU - Nicol, Simon DA - 2012/10/02/ DO - 10.1007/s10584-012-0595-1 DP - link.springer.com IS - 1 KW - climate projections Model evaluation/performance Ecosystems marine ecosystems fisheries climate scenarios ocean and marine resources LA - en PY - 2012 SN - 0165-0009, 1573-1480 SP - 95-109 ST - Modelling the impact of climate change on Pacific skipjack tuna population and fisheries T2 - Climatic Change TI - Modelling the impact of climate change on Pacific skipjack tuna population and fisheries VL - 119 Y2 - 2016/08/05/21:36:08 ID - 22467 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leichenko, Robin AU - McDermott, Melanie AU - Bezborodko, Ekaterina DO - 10.1142/s2345737615500025 IS - 01 PY - 2015 SP - 1550002 ST - Barriers, limits and limitations to resilience T2 - Journal of Extreme Events TI - Barriers, limits and limitations to resilience VL - 02 ID - 21750 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leichenko, Robin M. AU - Solecki, William D. DA - 2013/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.uclim.2013.09.001 KW - Suburbs Vulnerability Impacts New Jersey PY - 2013 SN - 2212-0955 SP - 82-97 ST - Climate change in suburbs: An exploration of key impacts and vulnerabilities T2 - Urban Climate TI - Climate change in suburbs: An exploration of key impacts and vulnerabilities VL - 6 ID - 26200 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leight, A. K. AU - Hood, R. AU - Wood, R. AU - Brohawn, K. DA - 2016/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.055 KW - Climate Fecal coliforms Sea level pressure PY - 2016 SN - 0043-1354 SP - 270-281 ST - Climate relationships to fecal bacterial densities in Maryland shellfish harvest waters T2 - Water Research TI - Climate relationships to fecal bacterial densities in Maryland shellfish harvest waters VL - 89 ID - 26106 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) cause many diseases worldwide and their transmission is likely to change with land use and climate changes. La Crosse virus (LACV) is historically transmitted by the native mosquito Aedes triseriatus (Say) in the upper Midwestern US, but the invasive congeners Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and A. japonicus (Theobald), which co-occur with A. triseriatus in water-holding containers, may be important accessory vectors in the Appalachian region where La Crosse encephalitis is an emerging disease. This review focuses on evidence for how climate, land use, and biological invasions may have direct abiotic and indirect community-level impacts on immature developmental stages (eggs and larvae) of Aedes mosquitoes. Because vector-borne diseases usually vary in space and time and are related to the ecology of the vector species, we propose that the ecology of its mosquito vectors, particularly at their immature stages, has played an important role in the emergence of La Crosse encephalitis in the Appalachian region and represents a model for investigating the effects of environmental changes on other vector-borne diseases. We summarize the health effects of LACV and associated socioeconomic costs that make it the most important native mosquito-borne disease in the US. We review of the transmission of LACV, and present evidence for the impacts of climate, land use, and biological invasions on Aedes mosquito communities. Finally, we discuss important questions about the ecology of LACV mosquito vectors that may improve our understanding of the impacts of environmental changes on LACV and other arboviruses. AU - Leisnham, Paul T. AU - Juliano, Steven A. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s10393-012-0773-7 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1612-9210 SP - 217-228 ST - Impacts of climate, land use, and biological invasion on the ecology of immature Aedes mosquitoes: Implications for La Crosse emergence T2 - EcoHealth TI - Impacts of climate, land use, and biological invasion on the ecology of immature Aedes mosquitoes: Implications for La Crosse emergence VL - 9 ID - 23033 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leitch, William G. AU - Kaminski, Richard M. DO - 10.2307/3801873 IS - 1 PY - 1985 SP - 212-2 ST - Long-term wetland-waterfowl trends in Saskatchewan grassland T2 - Journal of Wildlife Management TI - Long-term wetland-waterfowl trends in Saskatchewan grassland VL - 49 ID - 21645 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lemasson, Anaëlle J. AU - Fletcher, Stephen AU - Hall-Spencer, Jason M. AU - Knights, Antony M. DA - 2017/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jembe.2017.01.019 KW - Climate change Shellfish Aquaculture Sustainability Ecosystem Approach PY - 2017 SN - 0022-0981 SP - 49-62 ST - Linking the biological impacts of ocean acidification on oysters to changes in ecosystem services: A review T2 - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology TI - Linking the biological impacts of ocean acidification on oysters to changes in ecosystem services: A review VL - 492 ID - 25711 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Lemmen, Donald S. AU - Warren, Fiona J. AU - Lacroix, Jacinthe AU - Bush, Elizabeth CY - Ottawa, ON N1 - SBN: 987-0-662-05176-3 PB - Government of Canada PY - 2008 SP - 448 ST - From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007 TI - From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007 UR - https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/environment/resources/publications/impacts-adaptation/reports/assessments/2008/10253 ID - 26011 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While research focusing on how boundary organizations influence the use of climate information has expanded substantially in the past few decades, there has been relatively less attention to how these organizations innovate and adapt to different environments and users. This paper investigates how one boundary organization, the Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessments Center (GLISA), has adapted by creating ?boundary chains? to diversify its client base while minimizing transaction costs, increasing scientific knowledge usability, and better meeting client climate information needs. In this approach, boundary organizations connect like links in a chain and together these links span the range between the production of knowledge and its use. Three main chain configurations are identified. In the key chain approach, GLISA has partnered with other organizations in a number of separate projects simultaneously, diversifying its client base without sacrificing customization. In the linked chain approach, GLISA is one of several linked boundary organizations that successively deepen the level of customization to meet particular users' needs. Finally, by partnering with multiple organizations and stakeholder groups in both configurations, GLISA may be laying the groundwork for enhancing their partners' own capacity to make climate-related decisions through a networked chain approach that facilitates cooperation among organizations and groups. Each of these approaches represents an adaptive strategy that both enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of participating boundary organizations' work and improves the provision of climate information that meets users needs. AU - Lemos, Maria Carmen AU - Kirchhoff, Christine J. AU - Kalafatis, Scott E. AU - Scavia, Donald AU - Rood, Richard B. DA - 2014/04/01 DO - 10.1175/WCAS-D-13-00044.1 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SN - 1948-8327 SP - 273-285 ST - Moving climate information off the shelf: Boundary chains and the role of RISAs as adaptive organizations T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Moving climate information off the shelf: Boundary chains and the role of RISAs as adaptive organizations VL - 6 Y2 - 2017/09/19 ID - 21208 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Lempert, R. AU - Arnold, J. AU - Pulwarty, R. AU - Gordon, K. AU - Grieg, K. AU - Hawkins-Hoffman, C. AU - Sands, D. AU - Werrell, C. C4 - a025086e-77fa-423d-93fe-59364353c28b CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH28 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 28 SP - xxx ST - Reducing Risks Through Adaptation Actions T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Reducing Risks Through Adaptation Actions ID - 26665 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Benefit-cost analysis (BCA) aims to help people make better decisions. But BCA does not always serve this role as well as intended. In particular, BCA’s aim of aggregating all attributes of concern to decision makers into a single, best-estimate metric can conflict with the differing world views and values that may be an inherent characteristic of many climate-related decisions. This paper argues that new approaches exist that can help reduce the tension between the benefits of providing useful, scientifically based information to decision makers and the costs of aggregating uncertainty and differing values into single best estimates. Enabled by new information technology, these approaches can summarize decision-relevant information in new ways. Viewed in this light, many limitations of BCA lie not in the approach itself, but with the way it is used. In particular, this paper will argue that the problem lies in a process that begins by first assigning agreed-upon values to all the relevant inputs and then using BCA to rank the desirability of alternative decision options. In contrast, BCA can be used as part of a process that begins by acknowledging a wide range of ethical and epistemological views, examines which combinations of views are most important in affecting the ranking among proposed decision options, and uses this information to identify and seek consensus on actions that are robust over a wide range of such views. AU - Lempert, Robert J. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1515/jbca-2014-9006 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2015/04/17 IS - 3 KW - deep uncertainty multi-attribute decision making resilient infrastructure robust decision making sea level rise PY - 2014 SN - 2194-5888 SP - 487-514 ST - Embedding (some) benefit-cost concepts into decision support processes with deep uncertainty T2 - Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis TI - Embedding (some) benefit-cost concepts into decision support processes with deep uncertainty VL - 5 ID - 24483 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Lempert, R.J. AU - Popper, S.W. AU - Bankes, S.C. C4 - 4067a093-f6b2-4083-a52c-9a8b30c45b66 CY - Santa Monica, CA M1 - 1626 PB - Rand Corporation PY - 2003 SN - 0833032755 SP - 186 ST - Shaping the Next One Hundred Years: New Methods for Quantitative, Long-Term Policy Analysis TI - Shaping the Next One Hundred Years: New Methods for Quantitative, Long-Term Policy Analysis UR - http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/2007/MR1626.pdf ID - 14229 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leng, Guoyong AU - Huang, Maoyi AU - Tang, Qiuhong AU - Sacks, William J AU - Lei, Huimin AU - Leung, L Ruby DO - 10.1002/jgrd.50792 IS - 17 PY - 2013 SN - 2169-8996 SP - 9789-9803 ST - Modeling the effects of irrigation on land surface fluxes and states over the conterminous United States: Sensitivity to input data and model parameters T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - Modeling the effects of irrigation on land surface fluxes and states over the conterminous United States: Sensitivity to input data and model parameters VL - 118 ID - 22605 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lenihan, James M. AU - Bachelet, Dominique AU - Neilson, Ronald P. AU - Drapek, Raymond C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.01.006 IS - 1–2 KW - climate change biogeography carbon CO2 effect fire suppression MC1 DGVM PY - 2008 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 16-25 ST - Simulated response of conterminous United States ecosystems to climate change at different levels of fire suppression, CO2 emission rate, and growth response to CO2 T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - Simulated response of conterminous United States ecosystems to climate change at different levels of fire suppression, CO2 emission rate, and growth response to CO2 VL - 64 ID - 14230 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Spatial fingerprints of climate change on biotic communities are usually associated with changes in the distribution of species at their latitudinal or altitudinal extremes. By comparing the altitudinal distribution of 171 forest plant species between 1905 and 1985 and 1986 and 2005 along the entire elevation range (0 to 2600 meters above sea level) in west Europe, we show that climate warming has resulted in a significant upward shift in species optimum elevation averaging 29 meters per decade. The shift is larger for species restricted to mountain habitats and for grassy species, which are characterized by faster population turnover. Our study shows that climate change affects the spatial core of the distributional range of plant species, in addition to their distributional margins, as previously reported.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/320/5884/1768.full.pdf AU - Lenoir, J. AU - Gégout, J. C. AU - Marquet, P. A. AU - de Ruffray, P. AU - Brisse, H. DO - 10.1126/science.1156831 IS - 5884 PY - 2008 SP - 1768-1771 ST - A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century T2 - Science TI - A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century VL - 320 ID - 21981 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lenoir, J. AU - Svenning, J. C. DO - 10.1111/ecog.00967 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SN - 1600-0587 SP - 15-28 ST - Climate-related range shifts—A global multidimensional synthesis and new research directions T2 - Ecography TI - Climate-related range shifts—A global multidimensional synthesis and new research directions VL - 38 ID - 23406 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The term “tipping point” commonly refers to a critical threshold at which a tiny perturbation can qualitatively alter the state or development of a system. Here we introduce the term “tipping element” to describe large-scale components of the Earth system that may pass a tipping point. We critically evaluate potential policy-relevant tipping elements in the climate system under anthropogenic forcing, drawing on the pertinent literature and a recent international workshop to compile a short list, and we assess where their tipping points lie. An expert elicitation is used to help rank their sensitivity to global warming and the uncertainty about the underlying physical mechanisms. Then we explain how, in principle, early warning systems could be established to detect the proximity of some tipping points. AU - Lenton, Timothy M. AU - Held, Hermann AU - Kriegler, Elmar AU - Hall, Jim W. AU - Lucht, Wolfgang AU - Rahmstorf, Stefan AU - Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim DA - February 12, 2008 DO - 10.1073/pnas.0705414105 IS - 6 PY - 2008 SP - 1786-1793 ST - Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system VL - 105 ID - 20101 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Lentz, Erika E. AU - Stippa, Sawyer R. AU - Thieler, E. Robert AU - Plant, Nathaniel G. AU - Gesch, Dean B. AU - Horton, Radley M. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/ofr20141252 NV - USGS Open-File Report 2014-1252 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2015 SP - 27 ST - Evaluating Coastal Landscape Response to Sea-Level Rise in the Northeastern United States—Approach and Methods TI - Evaluating Coastal Landscape Response to Sea-Level Rise in the Northeastern United States—Approach and Methods ID - 21897 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lentz, Erika E. AU - Thieler, E. Robert AU - Plant, Nathaniel G. AU - Stippa, Sawyer R. AU - Horton, Radley M. AU - Gesch, Dean B. DA - 07//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2957 IS - 7 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 696-700 ST - Evaluation of dynamic coastal response to sea-level rise modifies inundation likelihood T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Evaluation of dynamic coastal response to sea-level rise modifies inundation likelihood VL - 6 ID - 20605 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Salt marsh losses have been documented worldwide because of land use change, wave erosion, and sea-level rise. It is still unclear how resistant salt marshes are to extreme storms and whether they can survive multiple events without collapsing. Based on a large dataset of salt marsh lateral erosion rates collected around the world, here, we determine the general response of salt marsh boundaries to wave action under normal and extreme weather conditions. As wave energy increases, salt marsh response to wind waves remains linear, and there is not a critical threshold in wave energy above which salt marsh erosion drastically accelerates. We apply our general formulation for salt marsh erosion to historical wave climates at eight salt marsh locations affected by hurricanes in the United States. Based on the analysis of two decades of data, we find that violent storms and hurricanes contribute less than 1% to long-term salt marsh erosion rates. In contrast, moderate storms with a return period of 2.5 mo are those causing the most salt marsh deterioration. Therefore, salt marshes seem more susceptible to variations in mean wave energy rather than changes in the extremes. The intrinsic resistance of salt marshes to violent storms and their predictable erosion rates during moderate events should be taken into account by coastal managers in restoration projects and risk management plans. AU - Leonardi, Nicoletta AU - Ganju, Neil K. AU - Fagherazzi, Sergio DA - January 5, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1510095112 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 64-68 ST - A linear relationship between wave power and erosion determines salt-marsh resilience to violent storms and hurricanes T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - A linear relationship between wave power and erosion determines salt-marsh resilience to violent storms and hurricanes VL - 113 ID - 21748 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Richmond, T.C. A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Leong, Jo-Ann AU - Marra, John J. AU - Finucane, Melissa L. AU - Giambelluca, Thomas AU - Merrifield, Mark AU - Miller, Stephen E. AU - Polovina, Jeffrey AU - Shea, Eileen AU - Burkett, Maxine AU - Campbell, John AU - Lefale, Penehuro AU - Lipschultz, Fredric AU - Loope, Lloyd AU - Spooner, Deanna AU - Wang, Bin C4 - 081bdbe7-f95f-4708-b18c-e7bc797effa7 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0W66HPM PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 RN - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/regions/hawaii-and-pacific-islands SP - 537-556 ST - Ch. 23: Hawai‘i and U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 23: Hawai‘i and U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands ID - 8667 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Leopold, Susan C4 - 94868e96-a2cc-4640-99c7-ce31b719bd29 CY - Rutland OH IS - February 15 PY - 2017 ST - Ramps now on the "To-watch" list: Time to ramp up conservation efforts T2 - United Plant Savers TI - Ramps now on the "To-watch" list: Time to ramp up conservation efforts UR - https://unitedplantsavers.org/ramps-now-on-the-to-watch-list/ ID - 26294 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Zika virus was identified in Uganda in 1947; since then, it has enveloped the tropics, causing disease of varying severity. Lessler et al. review the historical literature to remind us that Zika's neurotropism was observed in mice even before clinical case reports in Nigeria in 1953. What determines the clinical manifestations; how local conditions, vectors, genetics, and wild hosts affect transmission and geographical spread; what the best control strategy is; and how to develop effective drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics are all critical questions that are begging for data.Science, this issue p. 663BACKGROUNDFirst discovered in 1947, Zika virus (ZIKV) received little attention until a surge in microcephaly cases was reported after a 2015 outbreak in Brazil. The size of the outbreak and the severity of associated birth defects prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 1 February 2016. In response, there has been an explosion in research and planning as the global health community has turned its attention to understanding and controlling ZIKV. Still, much of the information needed to evaluate the global health threat from ZIKV is lacking. The global threat posed by any emerging pathogen depends on its epidemiology, its clinical features, and our ability to implement effective control measures. Whether introductions of ZIKV result in epidemics depends on local ecology, population immunity, regional demographics, and, to no small degree, random chance. The same factors determine whether the virus will establish itself as an endemic disease. The burden of ZIKV spread on human health is mediated by its natural history and pathogenesis, particularly during pregnancy, and our ability to control the virus’s spread. In this Review, we examine the empirical evidence for a global threat from ZIKV through the lens of these processes, examining historic and current evidence, as well as parallel processes in closely related viruses.ADVANCESBecause ZIKV was not recognized as an important disease in humans until recently, it was little studied before the recent crisis. Nevertheless, the limited data from the decades following its discovery provide important clues into ZIKV’s epidemiology and suggest that some populations were at risk for the virus for years in the mid-20th century, although this risk may predominantly have been the result of spillover infections from a sylvatic reservoir. Recent outbreaks on Yap Island (2007) and in French Polynesia (2014) provide the only previous observations of large epidemics and are the basis for the little that we do know about ZIKV’s acute symptoms (e.g., rash, fever, conjunctivitis, and arthralgia), the risk of birth defects, such as microcephaly (estimated to be 1 per 100 in French Polynesia), and the incidence of severe neurological outcomes (e.g., Guillain-Barré is estimated to occur in approximately 2 out of every 10,000 cases). The observation of an association between ZIKV and a surge in microcephaly cases in Brazil and the subsequent declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO have rapidly accelerated research into the virus. Small, but very important, studies have begun to identify the substantial risk the virus can pose throughout a pregnancy, and careful surveillance has established that ZIKV can be transmitted sexually. Numerous modeling studies have helped to estimate the potential range of ZIKV and measured its reproductive number R0 (estimates range from 1.4 to 6.6), a key measure of transmissibility in a number of settings. Still, it remains unclear whether the recent epidemic in the Americas is the result of fundamental changes in the virus or merely a chance event.OUTLOOKZIKV research is progressing rapidly, and over the coming months and years our understanding of the virus will undoubtedly deepen considerably. Key questions about the virus’s range, its ability to persist, and its clinical severity will be answered as the current epidemic in the Americas runs its cou se. Moving forward, it is important that information on ZIKV be placed within the context of its effect on human health and that we remain cognizant of the structure of postinvasion epidemic dynamics as we respond to this emerging threat. The effect of ZIKV is a function of the local transmission regime and viral pathogenesis.(A) Many countries cannot maintain ongoing vector-mediated ZIKV transmission and are only at risk from importation by travelers and limited onward transmission (e.g., through sex). (B) If conditions are appropriate, importations can lead to postinvasion epidemics with high incidence across age ranges, after which the virus may go locally extinct or remain endemic. (C) There is evidence of ongoing ZIKV incidence in humans over years (e.g., a 1952 serosurvey in Nigeria), but it is unknown whether this is the result of ongoing circulation in humans or frequent spillover infections from a sylvatic cycle. (D) In other areas, ZIKV appears to have been maintained in animals with few human infections. (E) The majority of infections are asymptomatic, and severe outcomes, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, are rare. (F) However, there is considerable risk of microcephaly and other fetal sequelae when infection occurs during pregnancy.First discovered in 1947, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection remained a little-known tropical disease until 2015, when its apparent association with a considerable increase in the incidence of microcephaly in Brazil raised alarms worldwide. There is limited information on the key factors that determine the extent of the global threat from ZIKV infection and resulting complications. Here, we review what is known about the epidemiology, natural history, and public health effects of ZIKV infection, the empirical basis for this knowledge, and the critical knowledge gaps that need to be filled. AU - Lessler, Justin AU - Chaisson, Lelia H. AU - Kucirka, Lauren M. AU - Bi, Qifang AU - Grantz, Kyra AU - Salje, Henrik AU - Carcelen, Andrea C. AU - Ott, Cassandra T. AU - Sheffield, Jeanne S. AU - Ferguson, Neil M. AU - Cummings, Derek A. T. AU - Metcalf, C. Jessica E. AU - Rodriguez-Barraquer, Isabel DO - 10.1126/science.aaf8160 IS - 6300 PY - 2016 ST - Assessing the global threat from Zika virus T2 - Science TI - Assessing the global threat from Zika virus VL - 353 ID - 24071 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The last 5 years have seen continued progress in closing the sea-level budget, the accounting for the contributions of sea-level change, during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Balancing the sea-level budget is critical to understanding recent and future climate change as well as balancing the Earth’s energy budget and water budget. During the last decade, advancements in the ocean observing system—satellite altimeters, hydrographic profiling floats, and space-based gravity missions—have allowed the sea-level budget to be assessed with unprecedented accuracy from direct, rather than inferred, estimates. In particular, several recent studies have used the sea-level budget to bound the rate of deep-ocean warming. Despite the fact that much of the observing system in place before the satellite era was not intended for global climate monitoring, new analyses of the historical record suggest that the twentieth century sea-level budget may be understood. AU - Leuliette, Eric W. DO - 10.1007/s40641-015-0012-8 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 2198-6061 SP - 185-191 ST - The balancing of the sea-level budget T2 - Current Climate Change Reports TI - The balancing of the sea-level budget VL - 1 ID - 19946 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leuliette, Eric W. AU - Nerem, R. Steven DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2016.107 IS - 4 PY - 2016 SP - 154-159 ST - Contributions of Greenland and Antarctica to global and regional sea level change T2 - Oceanography TI - Contributions of Greenland and Antarctica to global and regional sea level change VL - 29 ID - 20777 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Regional climate change scenarios were generated by dynamical downscaling to assess the potential effects of climate change on U.S. air quality. Comparing the climate simulation for 2045–2055 based on the IPCC A1B scenario with the control simulation of 1995–2005, large atmospheric changes that could affect air quality were found in several regions. Analyses were based on changes in surface air temperature and downward solar radiation, precipitation frequency, stagnation events, and ventilation. Changes in the Midwest and Texas during summer are of opposite sign, suggesting negative impacts on air quality in Texas and small positive or no impact in the Midwest. During fall, large warming, increased solar radiation, reduced rainfall frequency, increased stagnation occurrence, and reduced ventilation in the western U.S. all suggest negative impacts on regional air quality. These changes are related to an anticyclonic pattern in the 500 hPa height change that is also found in other GCM projections. AU - Leung, L. Ruby AU - Gustafson, William I. DO - 10.1029/2005GL022911 IS - 16 PY - 2005 SP - L16711 ST - Potential regional climate change and implications to U.S. air quality T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Potential regional climate change and implications to U.S. air quality VL - 32 ID - 25138 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Leung, Ping Sun AU - Loke, Matthew CY - Manoa, HI DA - 2008 NV - Economic Impacts, EI-16 PB - University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources PY - 2008 SN - EI-16 SP - 7 ST - Economic Impacts of Improving Hawaii's Food Self-sufficiency TI - Economic Impacts of Improving Hawaii's Food Self-sufficiency UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10125/12200 ID - 22468 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In 2003, Central Europe experienced the warmest summer on record combined with unusually low precipitation. We studied plant water relations and phenology in a 100-year- old mixed deciduous forest on a slope (no ground water table) near Basel using the Swiss Canopy Crane (SCC). The drought lasted from early June to mid September. We studied five deciduous tree species; half of the individuals were exposed to elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) (530 ppm) using a free-air, atmospheric CO2-enrichment system. In late July, after the first eight weeks of drought, mean predawn leaf water potential about 30 m above ground was −0.9 MPa across all trees, dropping to a mean of −1.5 MPa in mid-August when the top 1 m of the soil profile had no plant accessible moisture. Mean stomatal conductance and rates of maximum net photosynthesis decreased considerably in mid-August across all species. However, daily peak values of sap flow remained surprisingly constant over the whole period in Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., and decreased to only about half of the early summer maxima in Fagus sylvatica L. and Carpinus betulus L. (stomatal down- regulation of flux). Although we detected no differences in most parameters between CO2-treated and control trees, predawn leaf water potential tended to be less negative in trees exposed to elevated [CO2]. Leaf longevity was greater in 2003 compared with the previous years, but the seasonal increase in stem basal area reached only about 75% of that in previous years. Our data suggest that the investigated tree species, particularly Q. petraea, did not experience severe water stress. However, an increased frequency of such exceptionally dry summers may have a more serious impact than a single event and would give Q. petraea a competitive advantage in the long run. AU - Leuzinger, Sebastian AU - Zotz, Gerhard AU - Asshoff, Roman AU - Körner, Christian DO - 10.1093/treephys/25.6.641 IS - 6 N1 - 10.1093/treephys/25.6.641 PY - 2005 SN - 0829-318X SP - 641-650 ST - Responses of deciduous forest trees to severe drought in Central Europe T2 - Tree Physiology TI - Responses of deciduous forest trees to severe drought in Central Europe VL - 25 ID - 21747 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levi, Taal AU - Keesing, Felicia AU - Oggenfuss, Kelly AU - Ostfeld, Richard S. DO - 10.1098/rstb.2013.0556 IS - 1665 PY - 2015 ST - Accelerated phenology of blacklegged ticks under climate warming T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Accelerated phenology of blacklegged ticks under climate warming VL - 370 ID - 19106 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levitus, S. AU - Antonov, J.I. AU - Boyer, T.P. AU - Baranova, O.K. AU - Garcia, H.E. AU - Locarnini, R.A. AU - Mishonov, A.V. AU - Reagan, J.R. AU - Seidov, D. AU - Yarosh, E.S. AU - Zweng, M. M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2012GL051106 IS - 10 PY - 2012 SN - 0094-8276 SP - L10603 ST - World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0–2000 m), 1955–2010 T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0–2000 m), 1955–2010 VL - 39 ID - 14242 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levitus, S. AU - Antonov, J.I. AU - Boyer, T.P. AU - Locarnini, R.A. AU - Garcia, H.E. AU - Mishonov, A.V. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2008GL037155 IS - 7 PY - 2009 SP - L07608 ST - Global ocean heat content 1955–2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Global ocean heat content 1955–2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems VL - 36 ID - 14243 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levy, Barry S. AU - Patz, Jonathan A. DA - 2015/05/01/ IS - 3 KW - climate change human rights inequalities low-income countries public health PY - 2015 SN - 2214-9996 SP - 310-322 ST - Climate change, human rights, and social justice T2 - Annals of Global Health TI - Climate change, human rights, and social justice UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214999615012242 VL - 81 ID - 24115 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is causing increases in temperature, changes in precipitation and extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and other environmental impacts. It is also causing or contributing to heat-related disorders, respiratory and allergic disorders, infectious diseases, malnutrition due to food insecurity, and mental health disorders. In addition, increasing evidence indicates that climate change is causally associated with collective violence, generally in combination with other causal factors. Increased temperatures and extremes of precipitation with their associated consequences, including resultant scarcity of cropland and other key environmental resources, are major pathways by which climate change leads to collective violence. Public health professionals can help prevent collective violence due to climate change (a) by supporting mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, (b) by promoting adaptation measures to address the consequences of climate change and to improve community resilience, and (c) by addressing underlying risk factors for collective violence, such as poverty and socioeconomic disparities. AU - Levy, Barry S. AU - Sidel, Victor W. AU - Patz, Jonathan A. DO - 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044232 IS - 1 KW - climate change,public health,collective violence,war,armed conflict PY - 2017 SP - 241-257 ST - Climate change and collective violence T2 - Annual Review of Public Health TI - Climate change and collective violence VL - 38 ID - 25971 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levy, Karen AU - Woster, Andrew P. AU - Goldstein, Rebecca S. AU - Carlton, Elizabeth J. DA - 2016/05/17 DO - 10.1021/acs.est.5b06186 IS - 10 PY - 2016 SN - 0013-936X SP - 4905-4922 ST - Untangling the impacts of climate change on waterborne diseases: A systematic review of relationships between diarrheal diseases and temperature, rainfall, flooding, and drought T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Untangling the impacts of climate change on waterborne diseases: A systematic review of relationships between diarrheal diseases and temperature, rainfall, flooding, and drought VL - 50 ID - 25335 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There has been much recent published research about a putative “pause” or “hiatus” in global warming. We show that there are frequent fluctuations in the rate of warming around a longer-term warming trend, and that there is no evidence that identifies the recent period as unique or particularly unusual. In confirmation, we show that the notion of a pause in warming is considered to be misleading in a blind expert test. Nonetheless, the most recent fluctuation about the longer-term trend has been regarded by many as an explanatory challenge that climate science must resolve. This departs from long-standing practice, insofar as scientists have long recognized that the climate fluctuates, that linear increases in CO2 do not produce linear trends in global warming, and that 15-yr (or shorter) periods are not diagnostic of long-term trends. We suggest that the repetition of the “warming has paused” message by contrarians was adopted by the scientific community in its problem-solving and answer-seeking role and has led to undue focus on, and mislabeling of, a recent fluctuation. We present an alternative framing that could have avoided inadvertently reinforcing a misleading claim. AU - Lewandowsky, Stephan AU - Risbey, James S. AU - Oreskes, Naomi DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00106.1 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SP - 723-733 ST - The “pause” in global warming: Turning a routine fluctuation into a problem for science T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - The “pause” in global warming: Turning a routine fluctuation into a problem for science VL - 97 ID - 19435 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lewis, Courtney DO - 10.1353/scu.2012.0019 IS - 2 PY - 2012 SP - 104-117 ST - The case of the wild onions: The impact of ramps on Cherokee rights T2 - Southern Cultures TI - The case of the wild onions: The impact of ramps on Cherokee rights VL - 18 ID - 24412 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Lewis, Craig R. G. AU - Bunter, Kim L. DA - October 2010 PY - 2010 SP - 87-96 T2 - AGBU Pig Genetics Workshop TI - Heat stress: The effects of temperature on production and reproduction traits UR - http://agbu.une.edu.au/pig_genetics/pdf/2010/P12-Craig-Heat%20stress.pdf ID - 21259 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lewis, Kirsty H. AU - Lenton, Timothy M. DO - 10.1002/wcc.346 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SN - 1757-7799 SP - 383-399 ST - Knowledge problems in climate change and security research T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change TI - Knowledge problems in climate change and security research VL - 6 ID - 22066 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Lewis, K.L.M. AU - Avery, C.W. AU - Reidmiller, D.R. C4 - 4f1ca627-7bdc-4c41-b8a8-30f3362d0983 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.AP2 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 31 SP - xxx ST - Information in the Fourth National Climate Assessment T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Information in the Fourth National Climate Assessment ID - 26668 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lewitus, Alan J. AU - Horner, Rita A. AU - Caron, David A. AU - Garcia-Mendoza, Ernesto AU - Hickey, Barbara M. AU - Hunter, Matthew AU - Huppert, Daniel D. AU - Kudela, Raphael M. AU - Langlois, Gregg W. AU - Largier, John L. AU - Lessard, Evelyn J. AU - RaLonde, Raymond AU - Rensel, J.E. Jack AU - Strutton, Peter G. AU - Trainer, Vera L. AU - Tweddle, Jacqueline F. DO - 10.1016/j.hal.2012.06.009 PY - 2012 SN - 1568-9883 SP - 133-159 ST - Harmful algal blooms along the North American west coast region: History, trends, causes, and impacts T2 - Harmful Algae TI - Harmful algal blooms along the North American west coast region: History, trends, causes, and impacts VL - 19 ID - 17114 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Aim Many competing hypotheses seek to identify the mechanisms behind species richness gradients. Yet, the determinants of species turnover over broad scales are uncertain. We test whether environmental dissimilarity predicts biotic turnover spatially and temporally across an array of environmental variables and spatial scales using recently observed climate changes as a pseudo‐experimental opportunity. Location Canada. Methods We used an extensive database of observation records of 282 Canadian butterfly species collected between 1900 and 2010 to characterize spatial and temporal turnover based on Jaccard indices. We compare relationships between spatial turnover and differences in an array of relevant environmental conditions, including aspects of temperature, precipitation, elevation, primary productivity and land cover. Measurements were taken within 100‐, 200‐ and 400‐km grid cells, respectively. We tested the relative importance of each variable in predicting spatial turnover using bootstrap analysis. Finally, we tested for effects of temperature and precipitation change on temporal turnover, including distinctly accounting for turnover under individual species’ potential dispersal limitations. Results Temperature differences between areas correlate with spatial turnover in butterfly assemblages, independently of distance, sampling differences or the spatial resolution of the analysis. Increasing temperatures are positively related to biotic turnover within quadrats through time. Limitations on species dispersal may cause observed biotic turnover to be lower than expected given the magnitude of temperature changes through time. Main conclusions Temperature differences can account for spatial trends in biotic dissimilarity and turnover through time in areas where climate is changing. Butterfly communities are changing quickly in some areas, probably reflecting the dispersal capacities of individual species. However, turnover is lower through time than expected in many areas, suggesting that further work is needed to understand the factors that limit dispersal across broad regions. Our results illustrate the large‐scale effects of climate change on biodiversity in areas with strong environmental gradients. AU - Lewthwaite, Jayme M. M. AU - Debinski, Diane M. AU - Kerr, Jeremy T. DO - 10.1111/geb.12553 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SP - 459-471 ST - High community turnover and dispersal limitation relative to rapid climate change T2 - Global Ecology and Biogeography TI - High community turnover and dispersal limitation relative to rapid climate change VL - 26 ID - 25710 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Li, Dongyue AU - Wrzesien, Melissa L. AU - Durand, Michael AU - Adam, Jennifer AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis P. DO - 10.1002/2017GL073551 IS - 12 KW - streamflow snowmelt western U.S 0740 Snowmelt 1860 Streamflow 1807 Climate impacts PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 6163-6172 ST - How much runoff originates as snow in the western United States, and how will that change in the future? T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - How much runoff originates as snow in the western United States, and how will that change in the future? VL - 44 ID - 23681 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The development of national and sectoral climate change adaptation strategies is burgeoning in the US and elsewhere in response to damages from extreme events and projected future risks from climate change. Increasingly, decision makers are requesting information on the economic damages of climate change as well as costs, benefits, and tradeoffs of alternative actions to inform climate adaptation decisions. This paper provides a practical view of the applications of economic analysis to aid climate change adaptation decision making, with a focus on benefit-cost analysis (BCA). We review the recent developments and applications of BCA with implications for climate risk management and adaptation decision making, both in the US and other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. We found that BCA is still in early stages of development for evaluating adaptation decisions, and to date is mostly being applied to investment project-based appraisals. Moreover, the best practices of economic analysis are not fully reflected in the BCAs of climate adaptation-relevant decisions. The diversity of adaptation measures and decision-making contexts suggest that evaluation of adaptation measures may require multiple analytical methods. The economic tools and information would need to be transparent, accessible, and match with the decision contexts to be effective in enhancing decision making. Based on the current evidence, a set of analytical considerations is proposed for improving economic analysis of climate adaptation that includes the need to better address uncertainty and to understand the cross-sector and general equilibrium effects of sectoral and national adaptation policy. AU - Li, Jia AU - Mullan, Michael AU - Helgeson, Jennifer DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1515/jbca-2014-9004 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2015/04/17 IS - 3 KW - benefit-cost analysis climate change adaptation economic analysis PY - 2014 SN - 2194-5888 SP - 445-467 ST - Improving the practice of economic analysis of climate change adaptation T2 - Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis TI - Improving the practice of economic analysis of climate change adaptation VL - 5 ID - 24180 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Li, Xiaojie AU - Kang, Shaozhong AU - Zhang, Xiaotao AU - Li, Fusheng AU - Lu, Hongna DA - 2018/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.09.017 KW - CO concentration Deficit irrigation Photosynthesis Growth Yield Water productivity PY - 2018 SN - 0378-3774 SP - 71-83 ST - Deficit irrigation provokes more pronounced responses of maize photosynthesis and water productivity to elevated CO2 T2 - Agricultural Water Management TI - Deficit irrigation provokes more pronounced responses of maize photosynthesis and water productivity to elevated CO2 VL - 195 ID - 25551 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Li, Yan AU - Zhao, Maosheng AU - Motesharrei, Safa AU - Mu, Qiaozhen AU - Kalnay, Eugenia AU - Li, Shuangcheng DO - 10.1038/ncomms7603 PY - 2015 SP - 6603 ST - Local cooling and warming effects of forests based on satellite observations T2 - Nature communications TI - Local cooling and warming effects of forests based on satellite observations VL - 6 ID - 22606 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liang, Shuang AU - Hurteau, Matthew D. AU - Westerling, Anthony LeRoy DO - 10.1111/gcb.13544 IS - 5 KW - carbon climate change forest community change LANDIS-II Sierra Nevada wildfire PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2016-2030 ST - Response of Sierra Nevada forests to projected climate–wildfire interactions T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Response of Sierra Nevada forests to projected climate–wildfire interactions VL - 23 ID - 23810 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The sensitivity of agricultural productivity to climate has not been sufficiently quantified. The total factor productivity (TFP) of the US agricultural economy has grown continuously for over half a century, with most of the growth typically attributed to technical change. Many studies have examined the effects of local climate on partial productivity measures such as crop yields and economic returns, but these measures cannot account for national-level impacts. Quantifying the relationships between TFP and climate is critical to understanding whether current US agricultural productivity growth will continue into the future. We analyze correlations between regional climate variations and national TFP changes, identify key climate indices, and build a multivariate regression model predicting the growth of agricultural TFP based on a physical understanding of its historical relationship with climate. We show that temperature and precipitation in distinct agricultural regions and seasons explain ∼70% of variations in TFP growth during 1981–2010. To date, the aggregate effects of these regional climate trends on TFP have been outweighed by improvements in technology. Should these relationships continue, however, the projected climate changes could cause TFP to drop by an average 2.84 to 4.34% per year under medium to high emissions scenarios. As a result, TFP could fall to pre-1980 levels by 2050 even when accounting for present rates of innovation. Our analysis provides an empirical foundation for integrated assessment by linking regional climate effects to national economic outcomes, offering a more objective resource for policy making. AU - Liang, Xin-Zhong AU - Wu, You AU - Chambers, Robert G. AU - Schmoldt, Daniel L. AU - Gao, Wei AU - Liu, Chaoshun AU - Liu, Yan-An AU - Sun, Chao AU - Kennedy, Jennifer A. DA - March 21, 2017 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1615922114 IS - 12 PY - 2017 SP - E2285-E2292 ST - Determining climate effects on US total agricultural productivity T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Determining climate effects on US total agricultural productivity VL - 114 ID - 21170 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to cause geographic shifts in tree species' ranges, but such shifts may not keep pace with climate changes because seed dispersal distances are often limited and competition‐induced changes in community composition can be relatively slow. Disturbances may speed changes in community composition, but the interactions among climate change, disturbance and competitive interactions to produce range shifts are poorly understood. We used a physiologically based mechanistic landscape model to study these interactions in the northeastern United States. We designed a series of disturbance scenarios to represent varied disturbance regimes in terms of both disturbance extent and intensity. We simulated forest succession by incorporating climate change under a high‐emissions future, disturbances, seed dispersal, and competition using the landscape model parameterized with forest inventory data. Tree species range boundary shifts in the next century were quantified as the change in the location of the 5th (the trailing edge) and 95th (the leading edge) percentiles of the spatial distribution of simulated species. Simulated tree species range boundary shifts in New England over the next century were far below (usually <20 km) that required to track the velocity of temperature change (usually more than 110 km over 100 years) under a high‐emissions scenario. Simulated species` ranges shifted northward at both the leading edge (northern boundary) and trailing edge (southern boundary). Disturbances may expedite species' recruitment into new sites, but they had little effect on the velocity of simulated range boundary shifts. Range shifts at the trailing edge tended to be associated with photosynthetic capacity, competitive ability for light and seed dispersal ability, whereas shifts at the leading edge were associated only with photosynthetic capacity and competition for light. This study underscores the importance of understanding the role of interspecific competition and disturbance when studying tree range shifts. AU - Liang, Yu AU - Duveneck, Matthew J. AU - Gustafson, Eric J. AU - Serra‐Diaz, Josep M. AU - Thompson, Jonathan R. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13847 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - e335-e351 ST - How disturbance, competition, and dispersal interact to prevent tree range boundaries from keeping pace with climate change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - How disturbance, competition, and dispersal interact to prevent tree range boundaries from keeping pace with climate change VL - 24 ID - 25709 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Avian malaria, transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in the Hawaiian Islands, has been a primary contributor to population range limitations, declines, and extinctions for many endemic Hawaiian honeycreepers. Avian malaria is strongly influenced by climate; therefore, predicted future changes are expected to expand transmission into higher elevations and intensify and lengthen existing transmission periods at lower elevations, leading to further population declines and potential extinction of highly susceptible honeycreepers in mid- and high-elevation forests. Based on future climate changes and resulting malaria risk, we evaluated the viability of alternative conservation strategies to preserve endemic Hawaiian birds at mid and high elevations through the 21st century. We linked an epidemiological model with three alternative climatic projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project to predict future malaria risk and bird population dynamics for the coming century. Based on climate change predictions, proposed strategies included mosquito population suppression using modified males, release of genetically modified refractory mosquitoes, competition from other introduced mosquitoes that are not competent vectors, evolved malaria-tolerance in native honeycreepers, feral pig control to reduce mosquito larval habitats, and predator control to improve bird demographics. Transmission rates of malaria are predicted to be higher than currently observed and are likely to have larger impacts in high-elevation forests where current low rates of transmission create a refuge for highly-susceptible birds. As a result, several current and proposed conservation strategies will be insufficient to maintain existing forest bird populations. We concluded that mitigating malaria transmission at high elevations should be a primary conservation goal. Conservation strategies that maintain highly susceptible species like Iiwi (Drepanis coccinea) will likely benefit other threatened and endangered Hawai’i species, especially in high-elevation forests. Our results showed that mosquito control strategies offer potential long-term benefits to high elevation Hawaiian honeycreepers. However, combined strategies will likely be needed to preserve endemic birds at mid elevations. Given the delay required to research, develop, evaluate, and improve several of these currently untested conservation strategies we suggest that planning should begin expeditiously. AU - Liao, Wei AU - Atkinson, Carter T. AU - LaPointe, Dennis A. AU - Samuel, Michael D. DA - 2017/01/06/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0168880 DP - PLoS Journals IS - 1 KW - Malaria avian malaria Birds Death rates Forests Infectious disease control Mosquitoes Swine PY - 2017 SN - 1932-6203 SP - e0168880 ST - Mitigating future avian malaria threats to Hawaiian forest birds from climate change T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Mitigating future avian malaria threats to Hawaiian forest birds from climate change VL - 12 Y2 - 2017/09/25/21:35:06 ID - 22469 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Libecap, Gary D. DO - 10.1257/aer.101.1.64 IS - 1 PY - 2011 SP - 64-80 ST - Institutional path dependence in climate adaptation: Coman's "Some UNSETTLED PROBLEMS OF IRRIGation" T2 - American Economic Review TI - Institutional path dependence in climate adaptation: Coman's "Some UNSETTLED PROBLEMS OF IRRIGation" VL - 101 ID - 26507 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Lichten, Nathaniel AU - Nassauer, Joan Iverson AU - Dewar, Margaret AU - Sampson, Natalie R. AU - Webster, Noah J. CY - Ann Arbor, MI NV - NEW-GI White Paper No. 1 PB - University of Michigan Water Center PY - 2016 ST - Green Infrastructure on Vacant Land: Achieving Social and Environmental Benefits in Legacy Cities T2 - Neighborhood, Environment, and Water research collaborations for Green Infrastructure (NEW-GI) TI - Green Infrastructure on Vacant Land: Achieving Social and Environmental Benefits in Legacy Cities UR - https://static1.squarespace.com/static/52a213fce4b0a5794c59856f/t/58d42d0f725e25f7c64240e3/1490300177284/Green+Infrastructure+on+Vacant+Land.pdf ID - 21307 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Lichtenstein, Joshua CY - Boston, MA NV - Briefing Paper 01, issue #1 PB - Oxfam American PY - 2001 SP - 47 ST - After Hurricane Mitch: United States Agency for International Development Reconstruction and the Stockholm Principles TI - After Hurricane Mitch: United States Agency for International Development Reconstruction and the Stockholm Principles UR - http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PCAAB248.pdf ID - 22113 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lichter, John AU - Billings, Sharon A. AU - Ziegler, Susan E. AU - Gaindh, Deeya AU - Ryals, Rebecca AU - Finzi, Adrien C. AU - Jackson, Robert B. AU - Stemmler, Elizabeth A. AU - Schlesinger, William H. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01701.x IS - 12 KW - acid hydrolysis carbon sequestration 13C stable isotope drought effects FACE experiment forest floor ice-storm effects loblolly pine particle-size fractions progressive nitrogen limitation soil carbon sink soil organic matter PY - 2008 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2910-2922 ST - Soil carbon sequestration in a pine forest after 9 years of atmospheric CO2 enrichment T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Soil carbon sequestration in a pine forest after 9 years of atmospheric CO2 enrichment VL - 14 ID - 21987 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Hurricane Sandy caused extensive physical and economic damage; the long-term mental health consequences are unknown. Flooding is a central component of hurricane exposure, influencing mental health through multiple pathways that unfold over months after flooding recedes. Here we assess the concordance in self-reported and Federal Emergency Management (FEMA) flood exposure after Hurricane Sandy and determine the associations between flooding and anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Self-reported flood data and mental health symptoms were obtained through validated questionnaires from New York City and Long Island residents (N = 1231) following Sandy. Self-reported flood data was compared to FEMA data obtained from the FEMA Modeling Task Force Hurricane Sandy Impact Analysis. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to determine the relationship between flooding exposure and mental health outcomes. There were significant discrepancies between self-reported and FEMA flood exposure data. Self-reported dichotomous flooding was positively associated with anxiety (ORadj: 1.5 [95% CI: 1.1–1.9]), depression (ORadj: 1.7 [1.3–2.2]), and PTSD (ORadj: 2.5 [1.8–3.4]), while self-reported continuous flooding was associated with depression (ORadj: 1.1 [1.01–1.12]) and PTSD (ORadj: 1.2 [1.1–1.2]). Models with FEMA dichotomous flooding (ORadj: 2.1 [1.5–2.8]) or FEMA continuous flooding (ORadj: 1.1 [1.1–1.2]) were only significantly associated with PTSD. Associations between mental health and flooding vary according to type of flood exposure measure utilized. Future hurricane preparedness and recovery efforts must integrate micro and macro-level flood exposures in order to accurately determine flood exposure risk during storms and realize the long-term importance of flooding on these three mental health symptoms. AU - Lieberman-Cribbin, Wil AU - Liu, Bian AU - Schneider, Samantha AU - Schwartz, Rebecca AU - Taioli, Emanuela DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0170965 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - e0170965 ST - Self-reported and FEMA flood exposure assessment after Hurricane Sandy: Association with mental health outcomes T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Self-reported and FEMA flood exposure assessment after Hurricane Sandy: Association with mental health outcomes VL - 12 ID - 21746 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lightfoot, Kent G. AU - Lopez, Valentin DA - 2013/12/01 DO - 10.1179/1947461X13Z.00000000011 IS - 2 PY - 2013 SN - 1947-461X SP - 209-219 ST - The study of indigenous management practices in California: An introduction T2 - California Archaeology TI - The study of indigenous management practices in California: An introduction VL - 5 ID - 23811 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ice wedges are common features of the subsurface in permafrost regions. They develop by repeated frost cracking and ice vein growth over hundreds to thousands of years. Ice-wedge formation causes the archetypal polygonal patterns seen in tundra across the Arctic landscape. Here we use field and remote sensing observations to document polygon succession due to ice-wedge degradation and trough development in ten Arctic localities over sub-decadal timescales. Initial thaw drains polygon centres and forms disconnected troughs that hold isolated ponds. Continued ice-wedge melting leads to increased trough connectivity and an overall draining of the landscape. We find that melting at the tops of ice wedges over recent decades and subsequent decimetre-scale ground subsidence is a widespread Arctic phenomenon. Although permafrost temperatures have been increasing gradually, we find that ice-wedge degradation is occurring on sub-decadal timescales. Our hydrological model simulations show that advanced ice-wedge degradation can significantly alter the water balance of lowland tundra by reducing inundation and increasing runoff, in particular due to changes in snow distribution as troughs form. We predict that ice-wedge degradation and the hydrological changes associated with the resulting differential ground subsidence will expand and amplify in rapidly warming permafrost regions. AU - Liljedahl, Anna K. AU - Boike, Julia AU - Daanen, Ronald P. AU - Fedorov, Alexander N. AU - Frost, Gerald V. AU - Grosse, Guido AU - Hinzman, Larry D. AU - Iijma, Yoshihiro AU - Jorgenson, Janet C. AU - Matveyeva, Nadya AU - Necsoiu, Marius AU - Raynolds, Martha K. AU - Romanovsky, Vladimir E. AU - Schulla, Jorg AU - Tape, Ken D. AU - Walker, Donald A. AU - Wilson, Cathy J. AU - Yabuki, Hironori AU - Zona, Donatella DA - 04//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo2674 IS - 4 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 312-318 ST - Pan-Arctic ice-wedge degradation in warming permafrost and its influence on tundra hydrology T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Pan-Arctic ice-wedge degradation in warming permafrost and its influence on tundra hydrology VL - 9 ID - 19504 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lima, Carlos H. R. AU - Lall, Upmanu DA - 2010/03/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.045 IS - 3 KW - Hierarchical Bayesian models Drainage area scaling Regionalization Streamflow spatial scaling Flood frequency analysis Flood flow regionalization PY - 2010 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 307-318 ST - Spatial scaling in a changing climate: A hierarchical Bayesian model for non-stationary multi-site annual maximum and monthly streamflow T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Spatial scaling in a changing climate: A hierarchical Bayesian model for non-stationary multi-site annual maximum and monthly streamflow VL - 383 ID - 21504 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lima, Fernando P. AU - Wethey, David S. DA - 02/28/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms1713 M3 - Article PY - 2012 SP - 704 ST - Three decades of high-resolution coastal sea surface temperatures reveal more than warming T2 - Nature Communications TI - Three decades of high-resolution coastal sea surface temperatures reveal more than warming VL - 3 ID - 26071 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Their higher production performance and feed conversion efficiency make today's chickens more susceptible to heat stress than ever before. The increasing proportion of poultry production in tropical and subtropical regions makes it necessary to reconsider the long-term selection strategy of today's commercial breeding programmes. Also, the importance of the potential use of Naked neck and Frizzle genes is accentuated. Nutritional strategies aimed to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress by maintaining feed intake, electrolytic and water balance or by supplementing micronutrients such as Vitamins and minerals to satisfy the special needs during heat stress have been proven advantageous. To enhance the birds' thermotolerance by early heat conditioning or feed restriction seems to be one of the most promising management methods in enhancing the heat resistance of broiler chickens in the short run. AU - Lin, H. AU - Jiao, H. C. AU - Buyse, J. AU - Decuypere, E. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1079/WPS200585 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 09/01 IS - 1 KW - heat stress heat tolerance naked neck gene major gene Vitamin electrolyte feeding environment PY - 2007 SN - 0043-9339 SP - 71-86 ST - Strategies for preventing heat stress in poultry T2 - World's Poultry Science Journal TI - Strategies for preventing heat stress in poultry VL - 62 ID - 21171 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lin, M. AU - Horowitz, L. W. AU - Payton, R. AU - Fiore, A. M. AU - Tonnesen, G. DO - 10.5194/acp-17-2943-2017 IS - 4 N1 - ACP PY - 2017 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 2943-2970 ST - US surface ozone trends and extremes from 1980 to 2014: Quantifying the roles of rising Asian emissions, domestic controls, wildfires, and climate T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - US surface ozone trends and extremes from 1980 to 2014: Quantifying the roles of rising Asian emissions, domestic controls, wildfires, and climate VL - 17 ID - 24254 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lin, N. AU - Emanuel, K. AU - Oppenheimer, M. AU - Vanmarcke, E. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/nclimate1389 IS - 6 PY - 2012 SN - 1758-678X SP - 462-467 ST - Physically based assessment of hurricane surge threat under climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Physically based assessment of hurricane surge threat under climate change VL - 2 ID - 14259 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coastal flood hazard varies in response to changes in storm surge climatology and the sea level. Here we combine probabilistic projections of the sea level and storm surge climatology to estimate the temporal evolution of flood hazard. We find that New York City’s flood hazard has increased significantly over the past two centuries and is very likely to increase more sharply over the 21st century. Due to the effect of sea level rise, the return period of Hurricane Sandy’s flood height decreased by a factor of ∼3× from year 1800 to 2000 and is estimated to decrease by a further ∼4.4× from 2000 to 2100 under a moderate-emissions pathway. When potential storm climatology change over the 21st century is also accounted for, Sandy’s return period is estimated to decrease by ∼3× to 17× from 2000 to 2100. AU - Lin, Ning AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Horton, Benjamin P. AU - Donnelly, Jeffrey P. DA - October 25, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1604386113 IS - 43 PY - 2016 SP - 12071-12075 ST - Hurricane Sandy’s flood frequency increasing from year 1800 to 2100 T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Hurricane Sandy’s flood frequency increasing from year 1800 to 2100 VL - 113 ID - 20606 ER - TY - JOUR AB - OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the health effects of the 2003 Northeastern blackout, the largest one in history, on mortality and hospital admissions due to respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal diseases in New York City (NYC), and compared the disease patterns and sociodemographic profiles of cases during the blackout with those on control days. METHOD: We investigated the effects of the blackout on health using incidence rate ratios to compare the disease on blackout days (August 14 and 15, 2003) with those on normal and comparably hot days (controls). Normal days were defined as summer days (June-August) between the 25th and 75th percentiles of maximum temperature during 1991-2004. Comparably hot days were days with maximum temperatures in the same range as that of the blackout days. We evaluated the interactive effects of demographics and the blackout using a case-only design. RESULTS: We found that mortality and respiratory hospital admissions in NYC increased significantly (two- to eightfold) during the blackout, but cardiovascular and renal hospitalizations did not. The most striking increases occurred among elderly, female, and chronic bronchitis admissions. We identified stronger effects during the blackout than on comparably hot days. In contrast to the pattern observed for comparably hot days, higher socioeconomic status groups were more likely to be hospitalized during the blackout. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that power outages may have important health impacts, even stronger than the effects of heat alone. The findings provide some direction for future emergency planning and public health preparedness. AD - New York State Department of Health, Center for Environmental Health, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, 547 River St., Room 200, Troy, NY 12180-2216, USA. sxl05@health.state.ny.us AU - Lin, S. AU - Fletcher, B. A. AU - Luo, M. AU - Chinery, R. AU - Hwang, S-. A. C2 - PMC3072860 DA - May-Jun DO - 10.1177/003335491112600312 IS - 3 KW - Climate Disaster Planning *Electricity Female Hospitalization/*statistics & numerical data Humans Male New York City/epidemiology Poisson Distribution Respiratory Tract Diseases/*epidemiology Risk Factors Seasons Socioeconomic Factors PY - 2011 SN - 0033-3549 (Print) 0033-3549 (Linking) SP - 384-93 ST - Health impact in New York City during the Northeastern blackout of 2003 T2 - Public Health Reports TI - Health impact in New York City during the Northeastern blackout of 2003 VL - 126 ID - 16321 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lindegren, Martin AU - Checkley, David M. DA - 2013/02/01 DO - 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0211 IS - 2 PY - 2012 SN - 0706-652X SP - 245-252 ST - Temperature dependence of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) recruitment in the California Current Ecosystem revisited and revised T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences TI - Temperature dependence of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) recruitment in the California Current Ecosystem revisited and revised VL - 70 Y2 - 2018/01/30 ID - 24875 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lindsay, Steve W. AU - Wilson, Anne AU - Golding, Nick AU - Scott, Thomas W. AU - Takken, Willem DO - 10.2471/BLT.16.189688 IS - 8 PY - 2017 SP - 607-608 ST - Improving the built environment in urban areas to control Aedes aegypti-borne diseases T2 - Bulletin of the World Health Organization TI - Improving the built environment in urban areas to control Aedes aegypti-borne diseases VL - 95 ID - 26314 ER - TY - WEB AU - Link, J. CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service PY - 2016 ST - Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management Policy and Road Map TI - Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management Policy and Road Map UR - https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/ecosystems/ebfm/creating-an-ebfm-management-policy ID - 23487 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Link, Jason S. AU - Griffis, Roger AU - Busch, Shallin PY - 2015 SP - 70 ST - NOAA Fisheries Climate Science Strategy T2 - NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-155 TI - NOAA Fisheries Climate Science Strategy UR - https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/ecosystems/climate/national-climate-strategy ID - 23486 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Link, Jason S. AU - Nye, Janet A. AU - Hare, Jonathan A. DO - 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00398.x IS - 4 KW - Climate change decision trees distribution extended stock assessment models shifting fisheries spatially explicit models PY - 2011 SN - 1467-2979 SP - 461-469 ST - Guidelines for incorporating fish distribution shifts into a fisheries management context T2 - Fish and Fisheries TI - Guidelines for incorporating fish distribution shifts into a fisheries management context VL - 12 ID - 23407 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The World Ocean presents many opportunities, with the blue economy projected to at least double in the next two decades. However, capitalizing on these opportunities presents significant challenges and a multi-sectoral, integrated approach to managing marine socio-ecological systems will be required to achieve the full benefits projected for the blue economy. Integrated ecosystem assessments have been identified as the best means of delivering the information upon which marine resource management decisions can be made. By their nature, these assessments are inter-disciplinary, but to date have mostly focused on the natural sciences. Inclusion of human dimensions into integrated ecosystem assessments has been lagging, but is fundamental. Here we report on a Symposium, and the articles emmanating from it that are included in this Theme Set, that address how to more effectively include human dimensions into integrated ecosystem assessments. We provide an introduction to each of the main symposium topics (governance, scenarios, indicators, participatory processes, and case studies), highlight the works that emerged from the symposium, and identify key areas in which more work is required. There is still a long way to go before we see end-to-end integrated ecosystem assessments inclusive of all the major current and potential ocean use sectors that also encompass multiple aspects of human dimensions. Nonetheless, it is also clear that progress is being made and we are developing tools and approaches, including the human dimension, that can inform management and position us to take advantage of the multi-sectoral opportunities of sustainable blue growth. AU - Link, Jason S. AU - Thébaud, Olivier AU - Smith, David C. AU - Smith, Anthony D. M. AU - Schmidt, Jörn AU - Rice, Jake AU - Poos, Jan Jaap AU - Pita, Cristina AU - Lipton, Doug AU - Kraan, Marloes AU - Frusher, Stewart AU - Doyen, Luc AU - Cudennec, Annie AU - Criddle, Keith AU - Bailly, Denis DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsx130 IS - 7 PY - 2017 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 1947-1956 ST - Keeping humans in the ecosystem T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Keeping humans in the ecosystem VL - 74 ID - 25708 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Linke, Andrew M. AU - O’Loughlin, John AU - McCabe, J. Terrence AU - Tir, Jaroslav AU - Witmer, Frank D. W. DA - 9// DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.04.007 KW - Environmental change Drought Conflict Kenya Dispute settlement Institutions PY - 2015 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 35-47 ST - Rainfall variability and violence in rural Kenya: Investigating the effects of drought and the role of local institutions with survey data T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Rainfall variability and violence in rural Kenya: Investigating the effects of drought and the role of local institutions with survey data VL - 34 ID - 22065 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Mack, A. AU - Linthicum, Kenneth J. AU - Anyamba, Assaf AU - Britch, Seth C. AU - Small, Jennifer L. AU - Tucker, Compton J. C4 - caee7e9f-762a-4b4c-a1db-1c7153933499 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/21792 PB - National Academies Press PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-309-37759-1 SP - 202-220 ST - Climate teleconnections, weather extremes, and vector-borne disease outbreaks T2 - Global Health Impacts of Vector-Borne Diseases: Workshop Summary TI - Climate teleconnections, weather extremes, and vector-borne disease outbreaks ID - 26107 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lipper, Leslie AU - Thornton, Philip AU - Campbell, Bruce M. AU - Baedeker, Tobias AU - Braimoh, Ademola AU - Bwalya, Martin AU - Caron, Patrick AU - Cattaneo, Andrea AU - Garrity, Dennis AU - Henry, Kevin AU - Hottle, Ryan AU - Jackson, Louise AU - Jarvis, Andrew AU - Kossam, Fred AU - Mann, Wendy AU - McCarthy, Nancy AU - Meybeck, Alexandre AU - Neufeldt, Henry AU - Remington, Tom AU - Sen, Pham Thi AU - Sessa, Reuben AU - Shula, Reynolds AU - Tibu, Austin AU - Torquebiau, Emmanuel F. DA - 11/26/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2437 M3 - Perspective PY - 2014 SP - 1068-1072 ST - Climate-smart agriculture for food security T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Climate-smart agriculture for food security VL - 4 ID - 25550 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Lipton, D. AU - Rubenstein, M. AU - Weiskopf, S.R. AU - Carter, S. AU - Peterson, J. AU - Crozier, L. AU - Fogarty, M. AU - Gaichas, S. AU - Hyde, K.J.W. AU - Morelli, T.L. AU - Morisette, J. AU - Moustahfid, H. AU - Muñoz, R. AU - Poudel, R. AU - Staudinger, M.D. AU - Stock, C. AU - Thompson, L. AU - Waples, R. AU - Weltzin, J.F. C4 - aaf4c130-c434-4755-8923-545a807589af CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH7 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 7 SP - xxx ST - Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity ID - 26641 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Research on ecosystem services has grown exponentially during the last decade. Most of the studies have focused on assessing and mapping terrestrial ecosystem services highlighting a knowledge gap on marine and coastal ecosystem services (MCES) and an urgent need to assess them. Methodology/Principal Findings We reviewed and summarized existing scientific literature related to MCES with the aim of extracting and classifying indicators used to assess and map them. We found 145 papers that specifically assessed marine and coastal ecosystem services from which we extracted 476 indicators. Food provision, in particular fisheries, was the most extensively analyzed MCES while water purification and coastal protection were the most frequently studied regulating and maintenance services. Also recreation and tourism under the cultural services was relatively well assessed. We highlight knowledge gaps regarding the availability of indicators that measure the capacity, flow or benefit derived from each ecosystem service. The majority of the case studies was found in mangroves and coastal wetlands and was mainly concentrated in Europe and North America. Our systematic review highlighted the need of an improved ecosystem service classification for marine and coastal systems, which is herein proposed with definitions and links to previous classifications. Conclusions/Significance This review summarizes the state of available information related to ecosystem services associated with marine and coastal ecosystems. The cataloging of MCES indicators and the integrated classification of MCES provided in this paper establish a background that can facilitate the planning and integration of future assessments. The final goal is to establish a consistent structure and populate it with information able to support the implementation of biodiversity conservation policies. AU - Liquete, Camino AU - Piroddi, Chiara AU - Drakou, Evangelia G. AU - Gurney, Leigh AU - Katsanevakis, Stelios AU - Charef, Aymen AU - Egoh, Benis DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0067737 IS - 7 PY - 2013 SP - e67737 ST - Current status and future prospects for the assessment of marine and coastal ecosystem services: A systematic review T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Current status and future prospects for the assessment of marine and coastal ecosystem services: A systematic review VL - 8 ID - 21745 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Litschert, S.E. AU - Brown, T.C. AU - Theobald, D.M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.024 PY - 2012 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 124-133 ST - Historic and future extent of wildfires in the Southern Rockies ecoregion, USA T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Historic and future extent of wildfires in the Southern Rockies ecoregion, USA VL - 269 ID - 14268 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Littell, J.S. AU - McKenzie, D. AU - Peterson, D.L. AU - Westerling, A.L. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1890/07-1183.1 IS - 4 PY - 2009 SN - 1051-0761 SP - 1003-1021 ST - Climate and wildfire area burned in western U.S. ecoprovinces, 1916-2003 T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Climate and wildfire area burned in western U.S. ecoprovinces, 1916-2003 VL - 19 ID - 14270 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Littell, Jeremy S. AU - Peterson, David L. AU - Riley, Karin L. AU - Liu, Yongquiang AU - Luce, Charles H. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13275 IS - 7 KW - climate change climate variability drought ecological drought fire water balance PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2353-2369 ST - A review of the relationships between drought and forest fire in the United States T2 - Global Change Biology TI - A review of the relationships between drought and forest fire in the United States VL - 22 ID - 21555 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The representative concentration pathway (RCP) simulations included in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) quantify the response of the climate system to different natural and anthropogenic forcing scenarios. These simulations differ because of 1) forcing, 2) the representation of the climate system in atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs), and 3) the presence of unforced (internal) variability. Global and local sea level rise projections derived from these simulations, and the emergence of distinct responses to the four RCPs depend on the relative magnitude of these sources of uncertainty at different lead times. Here, the uncertainty in CMIP5 projections of sea level is partitioned at global and local scales, using a 164-member ensemble of twenty-first-century simulations. Local projections at New York City (NYSL) are highlighted. The partition between model uncertainty, scenario uncertainty, and internal variability in global mean sea level (GMSL) is qualitatively consistent with that of surface air temperature, with model uncertainty dominant for most of the twenty-first century. Locally, model uncertainty is dominant through 2100, with maxima in the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. The model spread is driven largely by 4 of the 16 AOGCMs in the ensemble; these models exhibit outlying behavior in all RCPs and in both GMSL and NYSL. The magnitude of internal variability varies widely by location and across models, leading to differences of several decades in the local emergence of RCPs. The AOGCM spread, and its sensitivity to model exclusion and/or weighting, has important implications for sea level assessments, especially if a local risk management approach is utilized. AU - Little, Christopher M. AU - Horton, Radley M. AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Oppenheimer, Michael AU - Yip, Stan DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00453.1 IS - 2 KW - Sea level,Regression analysis,Climate prediction,Climate models,Risk assessment,Societal impacts PY - 2015 SP - 838-852 ST - Uncertainty in twenty-first-century CMIP5 sea level projections T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Uncertainty in twenty-first-century CMIP5 sea level projections VL - 28 ID - 19951 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Little, Richard G. DA - 2002/04/01 DO - 10.1080/106307302317379855 IS - 1 PY - 2002 SN - 1063-0732 SP - 109-123 ST - Controlling cascading failure: Understanding the vulnerabilities of interconnected infrastructures T2 - Journal of Urban Technology TI - Controlling cascading failure: Understanding the vulnerabilities of interconnected infrastructures VL - 9 ID - 22968 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liu, Bing AU - Asseng, Senthold AU - Müller, Christoph AU - Ewert, Frank AU - Elliott, Joshua AU - Lobell, David B AU - Martre, Pierre AU - Ruane, Alex C AU - Wallach, Daniel AU - Jones, James W AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Aggarwal, Pramod K AU - Alderman, Phillip D AU - Anothai, Jakarat AU - Basso, Bruno AU - Biernath, Christian AU - Cammarano, Davide AU - Challinor, Andy AU - Deryng, Delphine AU - Sanctis, Giacomo De AU - Doltra, Jordi AU - Fereres, Elias AU - Folberth, Christian AU - Garcia-Vila, Margarita AU - Gayler, Sebastian AU - Hoogenboom, Gerrit AU - Hunt, Leslie A AU - Izaurralde, Roberto C AU - Jabloun, Mohamed AU - Jones, Curtis D AU - Kersebaum, Kurt C AU - Kimball, Bruce A AU - Koehler, Ann-Kristin AU - Kumar, Soora Naresh AU - Nendel, Claas AU - O’Leary, Garry J AU - Olesen, Jørgen E AU - Ottman, Michael J AU - Palosuo, Taru AU - Prasad, P.  V  Vara AU - Priesack, Eckart AU - Pugh, Thomas A  M AU - Reynolds, Matthew AU - Rezaei, Ehsan E AU - Rötter, Reimund P AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Semenov, Mikhail A AU - Shcherbak, Iurii AU - Stehfest, Elke AU - Stöckle, Claudio O AU - Stratonovitch, Pierre AU - Streck, Thilo AU - Supit, Iwan AU - Tao, Fulu AU - Thorburn, Peter AU - Waha, Katharina AU - Wall, Gerard W AU - Wang, Enli AU - White, Jeffrey W AU - Wolf, Joost AU - Zhao, Zhigan AU - Zhu, Yan DA - 09/12/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3115 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 1130-1136 ST - Similar estimates of temperature impacts on global wheat yield by three independent methods T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Similar estimates of temperature impacts on global wheat yield by three independent methods VL - 6 ID - 23554 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liu, Hua AU - Behr, Joshua G. AU - Diaz, Rafael DO - 10.1002/ieam.1705 IS - 3 KW - Population vulnerability Storm surge flooding Built-up conditions Health fragility PY - 2016 SN - 1551-3793 SP - 500-509 ST - Population vulnerability to storm surge flooding in coastal Virginia, USA T2 - Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management TI - Population vulnerability to storm surge flooding in coastal Virginia, USA VL - 12 ID - 24018 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wildfire can impose a direct impact on human health under climate change. While the potential impacts of climate change on wildfires and resulting air pollution have been studied, it is not known who will be most affected by the growing threat of wildfires. Identifying communities that will be most affected will inform development of fire management strategies and disaster preparedness programs. We estimate levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) directly attributable to wildfires in 561 western US counties during fire seasons for the present-day (2004–2009) and future (2046–2051), using a fire prediction model and GEOS-Chem, a 3-D global chemical transport model. Future estimates are obtained under a scenario of moderately increasing greenhouse gases by mid-century. We create a new term “Smoke Wave,” defined as ≥2 consecutive days with high wildfire-specific PM2.5, to describe episodes of high air pollution from wildfires. We develop an interactive map to demonstrate the counties likely to suffer from future high wildfire pollution events. For 2004–2009, on days exceeding regulatory PM2.5 standards, wildfires contributed an average of 71.3 % of total PM2.5. Under future climate change, we estimate that more than 82 million individuals will experience a 57 % and 31 % increase in the frequency and intensity, respectively, of Smoke Waves. Northern California, Western Oregon and the Great Plains are likely to suffer the highest exposure to widlfire smoke in the future. Results point to the potential health impacts of increasing wildfire activity on large numbers of people in a warming climate and the need to establish or modify US wildfire management and evacuation programs in high-risk regions. The study also adds to the growing literature arguing that extreme events in a changing climate could have significant consequences for human health. AU - Liu, Jia Coco AU - Mickley, Loretta J. AU - Sulprizio, Melissa P. AU - Dominici, Francesca AU - Yue, Xu AU - Ebisu, Keita AU - Anderson, Georgiana Brooke AU - Khan, Rafi F. A. AU - Bravo, Mercedes A. AU - Bell, Michelle L. DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1762-6 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 655-666 ST - Particulate air pollution from wildfires in the Western US under climate change T2 - Climatic Change TI - Particulate air pollution from wildfires in the Western US under climate change VL - 138 ID - 24253 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background. Wildfires are anticipated to be more frequent and intense under climate change. As a result, wildfires may emit more air pollutants that can harm health in communities in the future. The health impacts of wildfire smoke under climate change are largely unknown. Methods. We linked projections of future levels of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) specifically from wildfire smoke under the A1B climate change scenario using the GEOS-Chem model for 2046–2051, present-day estimates of hospital admission impacts from wildfire smoke, and future population projections to estimate the change in respiratory hospital admissions for persons ≥65 years by county ( n = 561) from wildfire AU - Liu, Jia Coco AU - Mickley, Loretta J. AU - Sulprizio, Melissa P. AU - Yue, Xu AU - Peng, Roger D. AU - Dominici, Francesca AU - Bell, Michelle L. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124018 IS - 12 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 124018 ST - Future respiratory hospital admissions from wildfire smoke under climate change in the Western US T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Future respiratory hospital admissions from wildfire smoke under climate change in the Western US VL - 11 ID - 24252 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liu, Jia C. AU - Pereira, Gavin AU - Uhl, Sarah A. AU - Bravo, Mercedes A. AU - Bell, Michelle L. DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.015 PY - 2015 SP - 120-132 ST - A systematic review of the physical health impacts from non-occupational exposure to wildfire smoke T2 - Environmental Research TI - A systematic review of the physical health impacts from non-occupational exposure to wildfire smoke VL - 136 ID - 19150 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wildfires burn more than 7 million acres in the United States annually, according to the US Forest Service. Little is known about which subpopulations are more vulnerable to health risks from wildfire smoke, including those associated with fine particulate matter. We estimated exposure to fine particles specifically from wildfires, as well as the associations between the presence of wildfire-specific fine particles and the amount of hospital admissions for respiratory causes among subpopulations older than 65 years of age in the western United States (2004–2009). Compared with other populations, higher fractions of persons who were black, lived in urban counties, and lived in California were exposed to more than 1 smoke wave (high-pollution episodes from wildfire smoke). The risks of respiratory admissions on smoke-wave days compared with non–smoke-wave days increased 10.4% (95% confidence interval: 1.9, 19.6) for women and 21.7% (95% confidence interval: 0.4, 47.3) for blacks. Our findings suggest that increased risks of respiratory admissions from wildfire smoke was significantly higher for women than for men (10.4% vs. 3.7%), blacks than whites (21.7% vs. 6.9%), and, although associations were not statistically different, people in lower-education counties than higher-educated counties (12.7% vs. 6.1%). Our study raised important environmental justice issues that can inform public health programs and wildfire management. As climate change increases the frequency and intensity of wildfires, evidence on vulnerable subpopulations can inform disaster preparedness and the understanding of climate change consequences. AU - Liu, Jia Coco AU - Wilson, Ander AU - Mickley, Loretta J. AU - Ebisu, Keita AU - Sulprizio, Melissa P. AU - Wang, Yun AU - Peng, Roger D. AU - Yue, Xu AU - Dominici, Francesca AU - Bell, Michelle L. DO - 10.1093/aje/kwx141 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SN - 0002-9262 SP - 730-735 ST - Who among the elderly is most vulnerable to exposure to and health risks of fine particulate matter from wildfire smoke? T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology TI - Who among the elderly is most vulnerable to exposure to and health risks of fine particulate matter from wildfire smoke? VL - 186 ID - 25947 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liu, Lu AU - Hejazi, Mohamad AU - Patel, Pralit AU - Kyle, Page AU - Davies, Evan AU - Zhou, Yuyu AU - Clarke, Leon AU - Edmonds, James DA - 5// DO - 10.1016/j.techfore.2014.11.004 KW - Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) Water-energy nexus Climate mitigation policy PY - 2015 SN - 0040-1625 SP - 318-334 ST - Water demands for electricity generation in the U.S.: Modeling different scenarios for the water–energy nexus T2 - Technological Forecasting and Social Change TI - Water demands for electricity generation in the U.S.: Modeling different scenarios for the water–energy nexus VL - 94 ID - 21425 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liu, Qiong AU - Ravanlou, Abbasali AU - Babadoost, Mohammad DA - 2016/12/01 DO - 10.1094/PDIS-01-16-0107-RE IS - 12 PY - 2016 SN - 0191-2917 SP - 2377-2382 ST - Occurrence of bacterial spot on pumpkin and squash fruit in the north central region of the United States and bacteria associated with the spots T2 - Plant Disease TI - Occurrence of bacterial spot on pumpkin and squash fruit in the north central region of the United States and bacteria associated with the spots VL - 100 Y2 - 2017/09/18 ID - 21180 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are moderate in most climate model projections under increasing greenhouse gas forcing. This intermodel consensus may be an artifact of common model biases that favor a stable AMOC. Observationally based freshwater budget analyses suggest that the AMOC is in an unstable regime susceptible for large changes in response to perturbations. By correcting the model biases, we show that the AMOC collapses 300 years after the atmospheric CO2 concentration is abruptly doubled from the 1990 level. Compared to an uncorrected model, the AMOC collapse brings about large, markedly different climate responses: a prominent cooling over the northern North Atlantic and neighboring areas, sea ice increases over the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian seas and to the south of Greenland, and a significant southward rain-belt migration over the tropical Atlantic. Our results highlight the need to develop dynamical metrics to constrain models and the importance of reducing model biases in long-term climate projection. AU - Liu, Wei AU - Xie, Shang-Ping AU - Liu, Zhengyu AU - Zhu, Jiang DO - 10.1126/sciadv.1601666 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - e1601666 ST - Overlooked possibility of a collapsed Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in warming climate T2 - Science Advances TI - Overlooked possibility of a collapsed Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in warming climate VL - 3 ID - 20662 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liu, Yongqiang AU - L. Goodrick, Scott AU - A. Stanturf, John DA - 2013/04/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.049 KW - Wildfire Climate change Keetch–Byram Drought Index (KBDI) modified Fosberg Fire Weather Index (mFFWI) Continental U.S. PY - 2013 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 120-135 ST - Future U.S. wildfire potential trends projected using a dynamically downscaled climate change scenario T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Future U.S. wildfire potential trends projected using a dynamically downscaled climate change scenario VL - 294 ID - 21980 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Invasive alien plant species threaten native biodiversity, disrupt ecosystem functions and can cause large economic damage. Plant invasions have been predicted to further increase under ongoing global environmental change. Numerous case studies have compared the performance of invasive and native plant species in response to global environmental change components (i.e. changes in mean levels of precipitation, temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentration or nitrogen deposition). Individually, these studies usually involve low numbers of species and therefore the results cannot be generalized. Therefore, we performed a phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis to assess whether there is a general pattern of differences in invasive and native plant performance under each component of global environmental change. We compiled a database of studies that reported performance measures for 74 invasive alien plant species and 117 native plant species in response to one of the above-mentioned global environmental change components. We found that elevated temperature and CO2 enrichment increased the performance of invasive alien plants more strongly than was the case for native plants. Invasive alien plants tended to also have a slightly stronger positive response to increased N deposition and increased precipitation than native plants, but these differences were not significant (N deposition: P = 0.051; increased precipitation: P = 0.679). Invasive alien plants tended to have a slightly stronger negative response to decreased precipitation than native plants, although this difference was also not significant (P = 0.060). So while drought could potentially reduce plant invasion, increases in the four other components of global environmental change considered, particularly global warming and atmospheric CO2 enrichment, may further increase the spread of invasive plants in the future. AU - Liu, Yanjie AU - Oduor, Ayub M. O. AU - Zhang, Zhen AU - Manea, Anthony AU - Tooth, Ifeanna M. AU - Leishman, Michelle R. AU - Xu, Xingliang AU - Kleunen, Mark DO - 10.1111/gcb.13579 IS - 8 PY - 2017 SP - 3363-3370 ST - Do invasive alien plants benefit more from global environmental change than native plants? T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Do invasive alien plants benefit more from global environmental change than native plants? VL - 23 ID - 26592 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The trend in global wildfire potential under the climate change due to the greenhouse effect is investigated. Fire potential is measured by the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI), which is calculated using the observed maximum temperature and precipitation and projected changes at the end of this century (2070-2100) by general circulation models (GCMs) for present and future climate conditions, respectively. It is shown that future wildfire potential increases significantly in the United States, South America, central Asia, southern Europe, southern Africa, and Australia. Fire potential moves up by one level in these regions, from currently low to future moderate potential or from moderate to high potential. Relative changes are the largest and smallest in southern Europe and Australia, respectively. The period with the KBDI greater than 400 (a simple definition for fire season in this study) becomes a few months longer. The increased fire potential is mainly caused by warming in the U.S., South America, and Australia and by the combination of warming and drying in the other regions. Sensitivity analysis shows that future fire potential depends on many factors such as climate model and emission scenario used for climate change projection. The results suggest dramatic increases in wildfire potential that will require increased future resources and management efforts for disaster prevention and recovery. Published by Elsevier B.V. AU - Liu, Yongqiang AU - Stanturf, John AU - Goodrick, Scott C6 - NCA DA - Feb 5 DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.002 IS - 4 N1 - Times Cited: 4; Si; Conference on Adaptation of Forests and Forest Management to Changing Climate with Emphasis on Forest Health; Aug 25-28, 2008; Umea, SWEDEN PY - 2010 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 685-697 ST - Trends in global wildfire potential in a changing climate T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Trends in global wildfire potential in a changing climate VL - 259 ID - 14276 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wildfire is a particular concern in the wildland–urban interface (WUI) of the western United States where human development occurs close to flammable natural vegetation. AU - Liu, Zhihua AU - Wimberly, Michael C. AU - Lamsal, Aashis AU - Sohl, Terry L. AU - Hawbaker, Todd J. DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s10980-015-0222-4 IS - 10 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1572-9761 SP - 1943-1957 ST - Climate change and wildfire risk in an expanding wildland–urban interface: A case study from the Colorado Front Range Corridor T2 - Landscape Ecology TI - Climate change and wildfire risk in an expanding wildland–urban interface: A case study from the Colorado Front Range Corridor VL - 30 ID - 21979 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A number of knowledge gaps and research priorities emerged during the third US National Climate Assessment (NCA3). Several are also gaps in the latest IPCC WG2 report. These omissions reflect major gaps in the underlying research base from which these assessments draw. These include the challenge of estimating the costs and benefits of climate change impacts and responses to climate change and the need for research on climate impacts on important sectors such as manufacturing and services. Climate impacts also need to be assessed within an international context in an increasingly connected and globalized world. Climate change is being experienced not only through changes within a locality but also through the impacts of climate change in other regions connected through trade, prices, and commodity chains, migratory species, human mobility and networked communications. Also under-researched are the connections and tradeoffs between responses to climate change at or across different scales, especially between adaptation and mitigation or between climate responses and other environmental and social policies. This paper discusses some of these research priorities, illustrating their significance through analysis of economic and international connections and case studies of responses to climate change. It also critically reflects on the process of developing research needs as part of the assessment process. AU - Liverman, Diana DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-015-1464-5 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 173-186 ST - U.S. national climate assessment gaps and research needs: Overview, the economy and the international context T2 - Climatic Change TI - U.S. national climate assessment gaps and research needs: Overview, the economy and the international context VL - 135 ID - 22064 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Livneh, Ben AU - Hoerling, Martin CY - Boulder, CO PB - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory PY - 2016 SP - 2 ST - Explaining Hydrologic Extremes in the Upper Missouri River Basin TI - Explaining Hydrologic Extremes in the Upper Missouri River Basin UR - https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/csi/factsheets/pdf/MRB-2Pager-HydroExtremes.pdf ID - 21580 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As the dominant reservoir of heat uptake in the climate system, the world/'s oceans provide a critical measure of global climate change. Here, we infer deep-ocean warming in the context of global sea-level rise and Earth/'s energy budget between January 2005 and December 2013. Direct measurements of ocean warming above 2,000 m depth explain about 32% of the observed annual rate of global mean sea-level rise. Over the entire water column, independent estimates of ocean warming yield a contribution of 0.77 [plusmn] 0.28 mm yr-1 in sea-level rise and agree with the upper-ocean estimate to within the estimated uncertainties. Accounting for additional possible systematic uncertainties, the deep ocean (below 2,000 m) contributes -0.13 [plusmn] 0.72 mm yr-1 to global sea-level rise and -0.08 [plusmn] 0.43 W m-2 to Earth/'s energy balance. The net warming of the ocean implies an energy imbalance for the Earth of 0.64 [plusmn] 0.44 W m-2 from 2005 to 2013. AU - Llovel, W. AU - Willis, J. K. AU - Landerer, F. W. AU - Fukumori, I. DA - 11//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2387 IS - 11 M3 - Article PY - 2014 SN - 1758-678X SP - 1031-1035 ST - Deep-ocean contribution to sea level and energy budget not detectable over the past decade T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Deep-ocean contribution to sea level and energy budget not detectable over the past decade VL - 4 ID - 19952 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lloyd, S.J. AU - Kovats, R.S. AU - Chalabi, Z. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.1003311 IS - 12 PY - 2011 SP - 1817-1823 ST - Climate change, crop yields, and undernutrition: Development of a model to quantify the impact of climate scenarios on child undernutrition T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Climate change, crop yields, and undernutrition: Development of a model to quantify the impact of climate scenarios on child undernutrition VL - 119 ID - 14282 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Lloyd’s of London CY - London, UK KW - added by ERG PB - Lloyd's PY - 2017 SP - 33 ST - Stranded Assets: The Transition to a Low Carbon Economy. Overview for the Insurance Industry TI - Stranded Assets: The Transition to a Low Carbon Economy. Overview for the Insurance Industry UR - https://www.lloyds.com/~/media/files/news-and-insight/risk-insight/2017/stranded-assets.pdf ID - 23114 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Unsafe water supplies, limited sanitation and poor hygiene are still important causes of infectious disease (e.g. Cholera, Leptospirosis, Giardiasis), especially in low-income countries. Climate and weather affect the transmission and distribution of infectious diseases. Therefore, scientists are continuously developing new analysis methods to investigate the impacts of weather and climate on infectious disease, and particularly, on those associated with water. As these methods are based on an imperfect representation of the real world, they are inevitably subjected to many challenges. Based on a systematic review of the literature, we identified seven important challenges for scientists who develop new analysis methods. AU - Lo Iacono, Giovanni AU - Armstrong, Ben AU - Fleming, Lora E. AU - Elson, Richard AU - Kovats, Sari AU - Vardoulakis, Sotiris AU - Nichols, Gordon L. DO - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005659 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SP - e0005659 ST - Challenges in developing methods for quantifying the effects of weather and climate on water-associated diseases: A systematic review T2 - PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases TI - Challenges in developing methods for quantifying the effects of weather and climate on water-associated diseases: A systematic review VL - 11 ID - 25972 ER - TY - PCOMM AU - Lo, Rhonda ST - Personal communication with the Chief of Natural Resource Mangement at Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park National Park Service TI - Personal communication with the Chief of Natural Resource Mangement at Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park National Park Service ID - 22505 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), prominently carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and halocarbons, have risen from fossil-fuel combustion, deforestation, agriculture, and industry. There is currently heated national and international debate about the consequences of such increasing concentrations of GHGs on the Earth's climate, and, ultimately, on life and society in the world as we know it. This paper reviews (i) long-term patterns of climate change, secular climatic variability, and predicted population growth and their relation to water resources management, and, specifically, to ground water resources management, (ii) means available for mitigating and adapting to trends of climatic change and climatic variability and their impacts on ground water resources. Long-term (that is, over hundreds of millions of years), global-scale, climatic fluctuations are compared with more recent (in the Holocene) patterns of the global and regional climates to shed light on the meaning of rising mean surface temperature over the last century or so, especially in regions whose historical hydroclimatic records exhibit large inter-annual variability. One example of regional ground water resources response to global warming and population growth is presented. AU - Loáiciga, Hugo A. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/4/3/035004 IS - 3 PY - 2009 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 035004 ST - Long-term climatic change and sustainable ground water resources management T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Long-term climatic change and sustainable ground water resources management VL - 4 ID - 21506 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Loarie, S.R. AU - Duffy, P.B. AU - Hamilton, H. AU - Asner, G.P. AU - Field, C.B. AU - Ackerly, D.D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/nature08649 IS - 7276 PY - 2009 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 1052-1055 ST - The velocity of climate change T2 - Nature TI - The velocity of climate change VL - 462 ID - 14284 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lobell, David AU - Bala, Govindasamy AU - Mirin, Art AU - Phillips, Thomas AU - Maxwell, Reed AU - Rotman, Doug DO - 10.1175/2008JCLI2703.1 IS - 8 PY - 2009 SN - 1520-0442 SP - 2248-2255 ST - Regional differences in the influence of irrigation on climate T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Regional differences in the influence of irrigation on climate VL - 22 ID - 22607 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The potential impacts of climate change on crop productivity are of widespread interest to those concerned with addressing climate change and improving global food security. Two common approaches to assess these impacts are process-based simulation models, which attempt to represent key dynamic processes affecting crop yields, and statistical models, which estimate functional relationships between historical observations of weather and yields. Examples of both approaches are increasingly found in the scientific literature, although often published in different disciplinary journals. Here we compare published sensitivities to changes in temperature, precipitation, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and ozone from each approach for the subset of crops, locations, and climate scenarios for which both have been applied. Despite a common perception that statistical models are more pessimistic, we find no systematic differences between the predicted sensitivities to warming from process-based and statistical models up to +2 °C, with limited evidence at higher levels of warming. For precipitation, there are many reasons why estimates could be expected to differ, but few estimates exist to develop robust comparisons, and precipitation changes are rarely the dominant factor for predicting impacts given the prominent role of temperature, CO 2 , and ozone changes. A common difference between process-based and statistical studies is that the former tend to include the effects of CO 2 increases that accompany warming, whereas statistical models typically do not. Major needs moving forward include incorporating CO 2 effects into statistical studies, improving both approaches’ treatment of ozone, and increasing the use of both methods within the same study. At the same time, those who fund or use crop model projections should understand that in the short-term, both approaches when done well are likely to provide similar estimates of warming impacts, with statistical models generally requiring fewer resources to produce robust estimates, especially when applied to crops beyond the major grains. AU - Lobell, David B. AU - Asseng, Senthold DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa518a IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 015001 ST - Comparing estimates of climate change impacts from process-based and statistical crop models T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Comparing estimates of climate change impacts from process-based and statistical crop models VL - 12 ID - 24482 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Successful adaptation of agriculture to ongoing climate changes would help to maintain productivity growth and thereby reduce pressure to bring new lands into agriculture. In this paper we investigate the potential co-benefits of adaptation in terms of the avoided emissions from land use change. A model of global agricultural trade and land use, called SIMPLE, is utilized to link adaptation investments, yield growth rates, land conversion rates, and land use emissions. A scenario of global adaptation to offset negative yield impacts of temperature and precipitation changes to 2050, which requires a cumulative 225 billion USD of additional investment, results in 61 Mha less conversion of cropland and 15 Gt carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e) fewer emissions by 2050. Thus our estimates imply an annual mitigation co-benefit of 0.35 GtCO 2 e yr −1 while spending $15 per tonne CO 2 e of avoided emissions. Uncertainty analysis is used to estimate a 5–95% confidence interval around these numbers of 0.25–0.43 Gt and $11–$22 per tonne CO 2 e. A scenario of adaptation focused only on Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, while less costly in aggregate, results in much smaller mitigation potentials and higher per tonne costs. These results indicate that although investing in the least developed areas may be most desirable for the main objectives of adaptation, it has little net effect on mitigation because production gains are offset by greater rates of land clearing in the benefited regions, which are relatively low yielding and land abundant. Adaptation investments in high yielding, land scarce regions such as Asia and North America are more effective for mitigation. To identify data needs, we conduct a sensitivity analysis using the Morris method (Morris 1991 Technometrics 33 161–74). The three most critical parameters for improving estimates of mitigation potential are (in descending order) the emissions factors for converting land to agriculture, the price elasticity of land supply with respect to land rents, and the elasticity of substitution between land and non-land inputs. For assessing the mitigation costs, the elasticity of productivity with respect to investments in research and development is also very important. Overall, this study finds that broad-based efforts to adapt agriculture to climate change have mitigation co-benefits that, even when forced to shoulder the entire expense of adaptation, are inexpensive relative to many activities whose main purpose is mitigation. These results therefore challenge the current approach of most climate financing portfolios, which support adaptation from funds completely separate from—and often much smaller than—mitigation ones. AU - Lobell, David B. AU - Baldos, Uris Lantz C. AU - Hertel, Thomas W. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015012 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 015012 ST - Climate adaptation as mitigation: The case of agricultural investments T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Climate adaptation as mitigation: The case of agricultural investments VL - 8 ID - 24481 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lobell, David B. AU - Field, Christopher B. C6 - NCA DA - Jan-Mar DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/2/1/014002 IS - 1 PY - 2007 SN - 1748-9326 ST - Global scale climate—Crop yield relationships and the impacts of recent warming T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Global scale climate—Crop yield relationships and the impacts of recent warming VL - 2 ID - 14286 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lobell, D.B. AU - Gourdji, S.M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1104/pp.112.208298 IS - 4 PY - 2012 SN - 0032-0889 SP - 1686-1697 ST - The influence of climate change on global crop productivity T2 - Plant Physiology TI - The influence of climate change on global crop productivity VL - 160 ID - 14288 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lobell, D.B. AU - Schlenker, W. AU - Costa-Roberts, J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1126/science.1204531 IS - 6042 PY - 2011 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 616-620 ST - Climate trends and global crop production since 1980 T2 - Science TI - Climate trends and global crop production since 1980 VL - 333 ID - 14290 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Excess nitrogen (N) impairs inland water quality and creates hypoxia in coastal ecosystems. Agriculture is the primary source of N; agricultural management and hydrology together control aquatic ecosystem N loading. Future N loading will be determined by how agriculture and hydrology intersect with climate change, yet the interactions between changing climate and water quality remain poorly understood. Here, we show that changing precipitation patterns, resulting from climate change, interact with agricultural land use to deteriorate water quality. We focus on the 2012–2013 Midwestern U.S. drought as a “natural experiment”. The transition from drought conditions in 2012 to a wet spring in 2013 was abrupt; the media dubbed this “weather whiplash”. We use recent (2010–2015) and historical data (1950–2015) to connect weather whiplash (drought-to-flood transitions) to increases in riverine N loads and concentrations. The drought likely created highly N-enriched soils; this excess N mobilized during heavy spring rains (2013), resulting in a 34% increase (10.5 vs. 7.8 mg N L−1) in the flow-weighted mean annual nitrate concentration compared to recent years. Furthermore, we show that climate change will likely intensify weather whiplash. Increased weather whiplash will, in part, increase the frequency of riverine N exceeding E.P.A. drinking water standards. Thus, our observations suggest increased climatic variation will amplify negative trends in water quality in a region already grappling with severe impairments. AU - Loecke, Terrance D. AU - Burgin, Amy J. AU - Riveros-Iregui, Diego A. AU - Ward, Adam S. AU - Thomas, Steven A. AU - Davis, Caroline A. AU - Clair, Martin A. St. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10533-017-0315-z IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-515X SP - 7-15 ST - Weather whiplash in agricultural regions drives deterioration of water quality T2 - Biogeochemistry TI - Weather whiplash in agricultural regions drives deterioration of water quality VL - 133 ID - 21115 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - Karvazy, Karen A2 - Webster, Veronica L. AU - Loeffler, Cindy CY - Austin, TX DA - May 17–21, 2015 DO - 10.1061/9780784479162.231 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers PY - 2015 SP - 2350-2359 T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015: Floods, Droughts, and Ecosystems TI - A brief history of environmental flows in Texas ID - 23287 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Loehman, Rachel A AU - Reinhardt, Elizabeth AU - Riley, Karin L DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.014 PY - 2014 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 9-19 ST - Wildland fire emissions, carbon, and climate: Seeing the forest and the trees—A cross-scale assessment of wildfire and carbon dynamics in fire-prone, forested ecosystems T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Wildland fire emissions, carbon, and climate: Seeing the forest and the trees—A cross-scale assessment of wildfire and carbon dynamics in fire-prone, forested ecosystems VL - 317 ID - 22608 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A method for projecting the water levels of the Laurentian Great Lakes under scenarios of human-caused climate change, used almost to the exclusion of other methods in the past, relies very heavily on the large basin runoff model (LBRM) as a component for determining the water budget for the lake system. This model uses near-surface air temperature as a primary predictor of evapotranspiration (ET); as in previous published work, it is shown here that the model’s very high sensitivity to temperature causes it to overestimate ET in a way that is greatly at variance with the fundamental principle of conservation of energy at the land surface. The traditional formulation is characterized here as being equivalent to having several suns in the virtual sky created by LBRM. More physically based methods show, relative to the traditional method, often astoundingly less potential ET and less ET, more runoff from the land and net basin supply for the lake basins, and higher lake water levels in the future. Using various methods of estimating the statistical significance, it is found that, at minimum, these discrepancies in results are significant at the 99.998% level. The lesson for the larger climate impact community is to use caution about whether an impact is forced directly by air temperature itself or is significantly forced by season or latitude independently of temperature. The results here apply only to the water levels of the Great Lakes and the hydrology of its basin and do not affect larger questions of climate change. AU - Lofgren, Brent M. AU - Rouhana, Jonathan DO - 10.1175/jhm-d-15-0220.1 IS - 8 KW - Physical Meteorology and Climatology,Atmosphere-land interaction,Climate change,Energy budget/balance,Hydrometeorology,Models and modeling,Hydrologic models,Land surface model PY - 2016 SP - 2209-2223 ST - Physically plausible methods for projecting changes in Great Lakes water levels under climate change scenarios T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - Physically plausible methods for projecting changes in Great Lakes water levels under climate change scenarios VL - 17 ID - 21205 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Loladze, Irakli DO - 10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02587-9 IS - 10 N1 - Ch6 PY - 2002 SN - 01695347 SP - 457-461 ST - Rising atmospheric CO2 and human nutrition: Toward globally imbalanced plant stoichiometry? T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution TI - Rising atmospheric CO2 and human nutrition: Toward globally imbalanced plant stoichiometry? VL - 17 ID - 16202 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Loladze, Irakli DO - 10.7554/eLife.02245 N1 - Ch6 PY - 2014 SN - 2050-084X SP - e02245 ST - Hidden shift of the ionome of plants exposed to elevated CO2 depletes minerals at the base of human nutrition T2 - eLife TI - Hidden shift of the ionome of plants exposed to elevated CO2 depletes minerals at the base of human nutrition VL - 3 ID - 16203 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lombardo, Franklin T. AU - Ayyub, Bilal M. DO - 10.1061/AJRUA6.0000812 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - 04014005 ST - Analysis of Washington, DC, wind and temperature extremes with examination of climate change for engineering applications T2 - ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering TI - Analysis of Washington, DC, wind and temperature extremes with examination of climate change for engineering applications VL - 1 ID - 25618 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This report addresses the development of dryland oilseed crops to provide feedstock for production of biofuels in semi-arid portions of the northwestern USA. Bioenergy feedstocks derived from Brassica oilseed crops have been considered for production of hydrotreated renewable jet fuel, but crop growth and yields in the northwestern region are limited by a lack of plant available water. Based on a review of the scientific literature, several areas were identified where research could be directed to provide improvements. The current agronomic limitations for oilseed production are mainly due to seedling establishment under extreme heat, dry seedbeds at optimum planting times, survival under extreme cold, and interspecific competition with weeds. To improve emergence and stand establishment, future work should focus on developing soil management and seeding techniques that optimize plant available water, reduce heat stress, and provide a competitive advantage against weeds that are customized for specific crops, soil types, and soil and environmental conditions. Spring and winter cultivars are needed that offer increased seedling vigor, drought resistance, and cold tolerance. AU - Long, D. S. AU - Young, F. L. AU - Schillinger, W. F. AU - Reardon, C. L. AU - Williams, J. D. AU - Allen, B. L. AU - Pan, W. L. AU - Wysocki, D. J. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s12155-016-9719-1 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1939-1242 SP - 412-429 ST - Development of dryland oilseed production systems in northwestern region of the USA T2 - BioEnergy Research TI - Development of dryland oilseed production systems in northwestern region of the USA VL - 9 ID - 25549 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many tribes in California and Oregon value California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) as a traditional source of food and other values. Over centuries or millennia, Native Americans learned that they could enhance production of desired resources by regularly igniting low-intensity surface fires in stands of black oak. Although black oak is likely to remain widespread in the future, a warming climate, increasingly dense forests, and altered fire regimes threaten the large, full-crowned mature trees that produce crops of high-quality acorns and provide cavities for many wildlife species. To examine the effects of different kinds of burns on tribal values including associated plants, fungi, and wildlife of special cultural significance, we reviewed and synthesized scientific studies of black oak in conjunction with interviews and workshops with tribal members who use the species and recall burning by their ancestors. We conducted two exploratory analyses to understand trends in large black oaks and potential tradeoffs regarding black oak restoration. Our findings identify opportunities for reintroducing low-intensity fire, in conjunction with thinning, to restore stands that are favorable for acorn gathering. We present examples of such projects and discuss how to overcome challenges in restoring the socioecological benefits of black oak ecosystems for tribes.

Management and Policy Implications Wildfires and forest densification threaten the large California black oaks that produce acorns valued by tribes for food and social well-being. Tribal members identified desired conditions including large black oaks with full crowns and low branches that produce abundant acorns free from pests and a relatively open ground surface with diverse plant communities and edible fungi near the oak trees. Tribal knowledge of using frequent, low-intensity fires and other traditional tending and gathering practices can advance strategies for promoting these conditions. Active treatments that remove competing conifer trees, reduce fuels, and reintroduce low-intensity fire are needed to support tribal values associated with gathering acorns and other plant resources associated with black oak stands. Targeting stands with large black oaks in gently sloped areas close to roads would promote tribal access while reducing the likelihood of adversely affecting sensitive wildlife such as spotted owls and fishers. Forest management plans can build on recent efforts to work with tribes in developing monitoring, forest thinning, and fire management activities to promote black oaks. AU - Long, Jonathan W. AU - Goode, Ron W. AU - Gutteriez, Raymond J. AU - Lackey, Jessica J. AU - Anderson, M. Kat DA - // DO - 10.5849/jof.16-033 IS - 5 KW - cultural burning traditional ecological knowledge forest planning ecosystem services landscape restoration PY - 2017 SP - 426-434 ST - Managing California black oak for tribal ecocultural restoration T2 - Journal of Forestry TI - Managing California black oak for tribal ecocultural restoration VL - 115 ID - 23682 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Long, Matthew C. AU - Deutsch, Curtis AU - Ito, Taka DO - 10.1002/2015GB005310 IS - 2 KW - climate variability dissolve oxygen ocean biogeochemistry 1616 Climate variability 1627 Coupled models of the climate system 4805 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling PY - 2016 SN - 1944-9224 SP - 381-397 ST - Finding forced trends in oceanic oxygen T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Finding forced trends in oceanic oxygen VL - 30 ID - 20030 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Long, W. Christopher AU - Swiney, Katherine M. AU - Foy, Robert J. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsv251 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 836-848 ST - Effects of high pCO2 on Tanner crab reproduction and early life history, Part II: carryover effects on larvae from oogenesis and embryogenesis are stronger than direct effects T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Effects of high pCO2 on Tanner crab reproduction and early life history, Part II: carryover effects on larvae from oogenesis and embryogenesis are stronger than direct effects VL - 73 ID - 22243 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ocean acidification, a decrease in the pH in marine waters associated with rising atmospheric CO2 levels, is a serious threat to marine ecosystems. In this paper, we determine the effects of long-term exposure to near-future levels of ocean acidification on the growth, condition, calcification, and survival of juvenile red king crabs, Paralithodes camtschaticus, and Tanner crabs, Chionoecetes bairdi. Juveniles were reared in individual containers for nearly 200 days in flowing control (pH 8.0), pH 7.8, and pH 7.5 seawater at ambient temperatures (range 4.4–11.9 °C). In both species, survival decreased with pH, with 100% mortality of red king crabs occurring after 95 days in pH 7.5 water. Though the morphology of neither species was affected by acidification, both species grew slower in acidified water. At the end of the experiment, calcium concentration was measured in each crab and the dry mass and condition index of each crab were determined. Ocean acidification did not affect the calcium content of red king crab but did decrease the condition index, while it had the opposite effect on Tanner crabs, decreasing calcium content but leaving the condition index unchanged. This suggests that red king crab may be able to maintain calcification rates, but at a high energetic cost. The decrease in survival and growth of each species is likely to have a serious negative effect on their populations in the absence of evolutionary adaptation or acclimatization over the coming decades. AU - Long, William Christopher AU - Swiney, Katherine M. AU - Harris, Caitlin AU - Page, Heather N. AU - Foy, Robert J. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0060959 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SP - e60959 ST - Effects of ocean acidification on juvenile red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) growth, condition, calcification, and survival T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Effects of ocean acidification on juvenile red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) growth, condition, calcification, and survival VL - 8 ID - 22344 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Lonsdale, K. AU - Pringle, P. AU - Turner, B. L. CY - Oxford, UK N1 - SBN: 978-1-906360-11-5 PB - UK Climate Impacts Programme, University of Oxford PY - 2015 RP - SBN: 978-1-906360-11-5 SP - 40 ST - Transformative Adaptation: What It Is, Why It Matters & What Is Needed TI - Transformative Adaptation: What It Is, Why It Matters & What Is Needed UR - https://ukcip.ouce.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/PDFs/UKCIP-transformational-adaptation-final.pdf ID - 26477 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Mac, M. J. A2 - Opler, P. A. A2 - Haecker, C. E. Puckett A2 - Doran, P. D. AU - Loope, L.L. C6 - NCA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center PY - 1998 SP - 747-774 ST - Hawaii and the Pacific Islands. Status and Trends of the Nation’s Biological Resources TI - Hawaii and the Pacific Islands. Status and Trends of the Nation’s Biological Resources UR - http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/sandt/Hawaii.pdf VL - 2 ID - 14302 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - López, Felix J. CY - Biscayne National Park, FL PB - South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit (SFC CESU) PY - 2016 T2 - Annual Meeting of the SFC CESU TI - Resource challenges at San Juan National Historic Site UR - http://sfc-cesu.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/11SA_gLopez_CESU-Conference-10-17-2016.pdf ID - 25251 ER - TY - THES A3 - Lemos, Dr. Maria Carmen AU - Lopez, Melody AU - Barclay, Pamela AU - Ramachandran, Sundeep AU - Stock, Ryan AU - Bastoni, Cara AU - Hassan, Masooma AU - Eisenhauer, David AU - Mekias, Leila CY - Ann Arbor PB - University of Michigan PY - 2013 SP - 99 ST - Climate Change Adaptation in Great Lakes Cities T2 - School for Environment and Sustainability (SEAS/SNRE) TI - Climate Change Adaptation in Great Lakes Cities UR - http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97435 VL - Master of Science ID - 21321 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Lopez, Rigoberto AU - Plesha, Nataliya AU - Campbell, Benjamin AU - Laughton, Chris CY - Enfield, CT PB - Farm Credit East PY - 2015 SP - 25 ST - Northeast Economic Engine: Agriculture, Forest Products and Commercial Fishing TI - Northeast Economic Engine: Agriculture, Forest Products and Commercial Fishing UR - http://www.are.uconn.edu/index_42_1981703122.pdf ID - 21898 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Finite systems of deterministic ordinary nonlinear differential equations may be designed to represent forced dissipative hydrodynamic flow. Solutions of these equations can be identified with trajectories in phase space. For those systems with bounded solutions, it is found that nonperiodic solutions are ordinarily unstable with respect to small modifications, so that slightly differing initial states can evolve into considerably different states. Systems with bounded solutions are shown to possess bounded numerical solutions. A simple system representing cellular convection is solved numerically. All of the solutions are found to be unstable, and almost all of them are nonperiodic. The feasibility of very-long-range weather prediction is examined in the light of these results. AU - Lorenz, Edward N. DO - 10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0130:dnf>2.0.co;2 IS - 2 PY - 1963 SP - 130-141 ST - Deterministic nonperiodic flow T2 - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences TI - Deterministic nonperiodic flow VL - 20 ID - 21424 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Lorenz, Teresa J. AU - Aubry, Carol AU - Shoal, Robin CY - Portland, OR DO - 10.2737/PNW-GTR-742 NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-742 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service PY - 2008 SP - 62 ST - A Review of the Literature on Seed Fate in Whitebark Pine and the Life History Traits of Clark’s Nutcracker and Pine Squirrels TI - A Review of the Literature on Seed Fate in Whitebark Pine and the Life History Traits of Clark’s Nutcracker and Pine Squirrels ID - 21647 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Loring, Philip A. AU - Gerlach, S. Craig AU - Penn, Henry J. DA - 2016// DO - 10.1007/s10745-015-9800-y IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 1572-9915 SP - 119-128 ST - “Community work” in a climate of adaptation: Responding to change in rural Alaska T2 - Human Ecology TI - “Community work” in a climate of adaptation: Responding to change in rural Alaska VL - 44 ID - 22244 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Lough, Benjamin J. CY - St. Louis, MO PB - Center for Social Development PY - 2013 SN - CSD Publication No. 13-14 SP - 7 ST - International Volunteering from the United States Between 2004 and 2012 TI - International Volunteering from the United States Between 2004 and 2012 UR - https://csd.wustl.edu/Publications/Documents/RB13-14.pdf Y2 - 28 March 2018 ID - 25768 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Love, Ryan AU - Milne, Glenn A. AU - Tarasov, Lev AU - Engelhart, Simon E. AU - Hijma, Marc P. AU - Latychev, Konstantin AU - Horton, Benjamin P. AU - Törnqvist, Torbjörn E. DO - 10.1002/2016EF000363 IS - 10 KW - Sea-Level Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Projections Numerical Modeling 0545 Modeling 1641 Sea-level change 1645 Solid Earth PY - 2016 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 440-464 ST - The contribution of glacial isostatic adjustment to projections of sea-level change along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America T2 - Earth's Future TI - The contribution of glacial isostatic adjustment to projections of sea-level change along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America VL - 4 ID - 21744 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper summarizes a strategy for supplying ecosystem services in urban areas through a participatory planning process targeting multifunctional green infrastructure. We draw from the literature on landscape multifunctionality, which has primarily been applied to agricultural settings, and propose opportunities to develop urban green infrastructure that could contribute to the sustainable social and ecological health of the city. Thinking in terms of system resilience, strategies might focus on the potential for green infrastructure to allow for adaptation and even transformation in the face of future challenges such as climate change, food insecurity, and limited resources. Because planning for multiple functions can be difficult when many diverse stakeholders are involved, we explored decision support tools that could be applied to green infrastructure planning in the early stages, to engage the public and encourage action toward implementing a preferred solution. Several specific ecosystem services that could be relevant for evaluating current and future urban green spaces include: plant biodiversity, food production, microclimate control, soil infiltration, carbon sequestration, visual quality, recreation, and social capital. Integrating such ecosystem services into small-scale greening projects could allow for creativity and local empowerment that would inspire broader transformation of green infrastructure at the city level. Those cities committing to such an approach by supporting greening projects are likely to benefit in the long run through the value of ecosystem services for urban residents and the broader public. AU - Lovell, Sarah Taylor AU - Taylor, John R. DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s10980-013-9912-y IS - 8 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1572-9761 SP - 1447-1463 ST - Supplying urban ecosystem services through multifunctional green infrastructure in the United States T2 - Landscape Ecology TI - Supplying urban ecosystem services through multifunctional green infrastructure in the United States VL - 28 ID - 23117 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent evidence indicates that climate change and intensification of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has increased variation in sea level. Although widespread impacts on intertidal ecosystems are anticipated to arise from the sea level seesaw associated with climate change, none have yet been demonstrated. Intertidal ecosystems, including mangrove forests are among those ecosystems that are highly vulnerable to sea level rise, but they may also be vulnerable to sea level variability and extreme low sea level events. During 16 years of monitoring of a mangrove forest in Mangrove Bay in north Western Australia, we documented two forest dieback events, the most recent one being coincident with the large-scale dieback of mangroves in the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia. Diebacks in Mangrove Bay were coincident with periods of very low sea level, which were associated with increased soil salinization of 20–30% above pre-event levels, leading to canopy loss, reduced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and reduced recruitment. Our study indicates that an intensification of ENSO will have negative effects on some mangrove forests in parts of the Indo-Pacific that will exacerbate other pressures. AU - Lovelock, Catherine E. AU - Feller, Ilka C. AU - Reef, Ruth AU - Hickey, Sharyn AU - Ball, Marilyn C. DA - 2017/05/10 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-01927-6 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - Article 1680 ST - Mangrove dieback during fluctuating sea levels T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Mangrove dieback during fluctuating sea levels VL - 7 ID - 24347 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Goldstein, Guillermo A2 - Santiago, Louis S. AU - Lovelock, Catherine E. AU - Krauss, Ken W. AU - Osland, Michael J. AU - Reef, Ruth AU - Ball, Marilyn C. C4 - 93f9d2a2-b3db-489d-9b0b-49a8a302d73a CY - Switzerland PB - Springer PY - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-27420-1 978-3-319-27422-5 SP - 149-179 ST - The physiology of mangrove trees with changing climate SV - Tree Physiology 6 T2 - Tropical Tree Physiology: Adaptations and Responses in a Changing Environment TI - The physiology of mangrove trees with changing climate ID - 24346 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lovett, Gary M. AU - Tear, Timothy H. AU - Evers, David C. AU - Findlay, Stuart E. G. AU - Cosby, B. Jack AU - Dunscomb, Judy K. AU - Driscoll, Charles T. AU - Weathers, Kathleen C. DO - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04153.x IS - 1 KW - acid deposition sulfur nitrogen mercury ozone eastern United States forest stream lake PY - 2009 SN - 1749-6632 SP - 99-135 ST - Effects of air pollution on ecosystems and biological diversity in the eastern United States T2 - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences TI - Effects of air pollution on ecosystems and biological diversity in the eastern United States VL - 1162 ID - 24251 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Lovett, Heidi B. AU - Snider, Sunny B. AU - Gore, Karla K. AU - Muñoz, Roldan C. CY - Miami, FL DO - 10.7289/V5/TM-SEFSC-699 NV - NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-699 PB - NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center PY - 2016 SP - 40 ST - Gulf of Mexico Regional Action Plan to Implement the NOAA Fisheries Climate Science Strategy TI - Gulf of Mexico Regional Action Plan to Implement the NOAA Fisheries Climate Science Strategy ID - 24411 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lowe, Dianne AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Forsberg, Bertil DO - 10.3390/ijerph8124623 IS - 12 PY - 2011 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 4623 ST - Heatwave early warning systems and adaptation advice to reduce human health consequences of heatwaves T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Heatwave early warning systems and adaptation advice to reduce human health consequences of heatwaves VL - 8 ID - 24075 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lowe, Rachel AU - Coelho, Caio AS AU - Barcellos, Christovam AU - Carvalho, Marilia Sá AU - Catão, Rafael De Castro AU - Coelho, Giovanini E AU - Ramalho, Walter Massa AU - Bailey, Trevor C AU - Stephenson, David B AU - Rodó, Xavier DO - 10.7554/eLife.11285 PY - 2016 SP - e11285 ST - Evaluating probabilistic dengue risk forecasts from a prototype early warning system for Brazil T2 - eLIFE TI - Evaluating probabilistic dengue risk forecasts from a prototype early warning system for Brazil VL - 5 ID - 24114 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Several individual-level factors are known to promote psychological resilience in the aftermath of disasters. Far less is known about the role of community-level factors in shaping postdisaster mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of both individual- and community-level factors on resilience after Hurricane Sandy. A representative sample of household residents (N = 418) from 293 New York City census tracts that were most heavily affected by the storm completed telephone interviews approximately 13–16 months postdisaster. Multilevel multivariable models explored the independent and interactive contributions of individual- and community-level factors to posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms. At the individual-level, having experienced or witnessed any lifetime traumatic event was significantly associated with higher depression and posttraumatic stress, whereas demographic characteristics (e.g., older age, non-Hispanic Black race) and more disaster-related stressors were significantly associated with higher posttraumatic stress only. At the community-level, living in an area with higher social capital was significantly associated with higher posttraumatic stress. Additionally, higher community economic development was associated with lower risk of depression only among participants who did not experience any disaster-related stressors. These results provide evidence that individual- and community-level resources and exposure operate in tandem to shape postdisaster resilience. AU - Lowe, Sarah R. AU - Sampson, Laura AU - Gruebner, Oliver AU - Galea, Sandro DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0125761 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - e0125761 ST - Psychological resilience after Hurricane Sandy: The influence of individual- and community-level factors on mental health after a large-scale natural disaster T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Psychological resilience after Hurricane Sandy: The influence of individual- and community-level factors on mental health after a large-scale natural disaster UR - https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0125761 VL - 10 ID - 24074 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lu, Mengqian AU - Lall, Upmanu AU - Robertson, Andrew W. AU - Cook, Edward DO - 10.1002/2016WR019552 IS - 3 KW - market-based reliable and insurable contracts climate-informed water management hierarchical multitime scales ensemble forecasts prescribed reliability for supplies dynamic flood control storage allocation nonlinear global optimization 1880 Water management 1873 Uncertainty assessment 1918 Decision analysis PY - 2017 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 2035-2050 ST - Optimizing multiple reliable forward contracts for reservoir allocation using multitime scale streamflow forecasts T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Optimizing multiple reliable forward contracts for reservoir allocation using multitime scale streamflow forecasts VL - 53 ID - 21507 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Healthy ocean ecosystems are needed to sustain people and livelihoods and to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Using the ocean sustainably requires overcoming many formidable challenges: overfishing, climate change, ocean acidification, and pollution. Despite gloomy forecasts, there is reason for hope. New tools, practices, and partnerships are beginning to transform local fisheries, biodiversity conservation, and marine spatial planning. The challenge is to bring them to a global scale. We dissect recent successes using a complex adaptive-systems (CAS) framework, which acknowledges the interconnectedness of social and ecological systems. Understanding how policies and practices change the feedbacks in CASs by altering the behavior of different system components is critical for building robust, sustainable states with favorable emergent properties. Our review reveals that altering incentives—either economic or social norms, or both—can achieve positive outcomes. For example, introduction of well-designed rights-based or secure-access fisheries and ecosystem service accounting shifts economic incentives to align conservation and economic benefits. Modifying social norms can create conditions that incentivize a company, country, or individual to fish sustainably, curb illegal fishing, or create large marine reserves as steps to enhance reputation or self-image. In each example, the feedbacks between individual actors and emergent system properties were altered, triggering a transition from a vicious to a virtuous cycle. We suggest that evaluating conservation tools by their ability to align incentives of actors with broader goals of sustainability is an underused approach that can provide a pathway toward scaling sustainability successes. In short, getting incentives right matters. AU - Lubchenco, Jane AU - Cerny-Chipman, Elizabeth B. AU - Reimer, Jessica N. AU - Levin, Simon A. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1604982113 IS - 51 PY - 2016 SP - 14507-14514 ST - The right incentives enable ocean sustainability successes and provide hope for the future T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - The right incentives enable ocean sustainability successes and provide hope for the future VL - 113 ID - 24876 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Luber, George AU - McGeehin, Michael C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.021 IS - 5 PY - 2008 RN - http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/0749-3797/PIIS0749379708006867.pdf SN - 0749-3797 SP - 429-435 ST - Climate change and extreme heat events T2 - American Journal of Preventive Medicine TI - Climate change and extreme heat events VL - 35 ID - 14315 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lucas, Christopher AU - Timbal, Bertrand AU - Nguyen, Hanh DO - 10.1002/wcc.251 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SN - 1757-7799 SP - 89-112 ST - The expanding tropics: A critical assessment of the observational and modeling studies T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change TI - The expanding tropics: A critical assessment of the observational and modeling studies VL - 5 ID - 19633 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Luce, Charles AU - Morgan, Penny AU - Dwire, Kathleen AU - Isaak, Daniel AU - Holden, Zachary AU - Rieman, Bruce CY - Fort Collins, CO DO - 10.2737/RMRS-GTR-290 NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-290 PB - USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station PY - 2012 SP - 207 ST - Climate Change, Forests, Fire, Water, and Fish: Building Resilient Landscapes, Streams, and Managers TI - Climate Change, Forests, Fire, Water, and Fish: Building Resilient Landscapes, Streams, and Managers ID - 21976 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Luce, Charles AU - Staab, Brian AU - Kramer, Marc AU - Wenger, Seth AU - Isaak, Dan AU - McConnell, Callie DO - 10.1002/2013WR014329 IS - 4 KW - differential sensitivity climate change adaptation stream temperature 1871 Surface water quality 1807 Climate impacts PY - 2014 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 3428-3443 ST - Sensitivity of summer stream temperatures to climate variability in the Pacific Northwest T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Sensitivity of summer stream temperatures to climate variability in the Pacific Northwest VL - 50 ID - 24643 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to have significant impacts on Earth's hydrological cycle, owing to changes, for example, in air temperature, weather patterns, and land surface evaporation. In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, decreases in stream flow have been attributed to increased temperatures. Luce et al. (p. 1360, published online 29 November) show that these changes in stream flow are not likely to have been caused by temperature change, however, but rather by decreasing precipitation in the mountains where the streams originate. Trends in streamflow timing and volume in the Pacific Northwest United States have been attributed to increased temperatures, because trends in precipitation at lower-elevation stations were negligible. We demonstrate that observed streamflow declines are probably associated with declines in mountain precipitation, revealing previously unexplored differential trends. Lower-troposphere winter (November to March) westerlies are strongly correlated with high-elevation precipitation but weakly correlated with low-elevation precipitation. Decreases in lower-tropospheric winter westerlies across the region from 1950 to 2012 are hypothesized to have reduced orographic precipitation enhancement, yielding differential trends in precipitation across elevations and contributing to the decline in annual streamflow. Climate projections show weakened lower-troposphere zonal flow across the region under enhanced greenhouse forcing, highlighting an additional stressor that is relevant for climate change impacts on hydrology. AU - Luce, C. H. AU - Abatzoglou, J. T. AU - Holden, Z. A. DO - 10.1126/science.1242335 IS - 6164 PY - 2013 SP - 1360-1364 ST - The missing mountain water: Slower westerlies decrease orographic enhancement in the Pacific Northwest USA T2 - Science TI - The missing mountain water: Slower westerlies decrease orographic enhancement in the Pacific Northwest USA VL - 342 ID - 20927 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Luce, Charles H. AU - Lopez-Burgos, Viviana AU - Holden, Zachary DO - 10.1002/2013WR014844 IS - 12 KW - snow hydrology local polynomial regression climate sensitivity elasticity 0736 Snow 1621 Cryospheric change 1637 Regional climate change 1833 Hydroclimatology PY - 2014 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 9447-9462 ST - Sensitivity of snowpack storage to precipitation and temperature using spatial and temporal analog models T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Sensitivity of snowpack storage to precipitation and temperature using spatial and temporal analog models VL - 50 ID - 20926 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Luce, Charles H. AU - Vose, James M. AU - Pederson, Neil AU - Campbell, John AU - Millar, Connie AU - Kormos, Patrick AU - Woods, Ross DA - 2016/11/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.05.020 KW - Drought Forests Climate change Projections Climate modes PY - 2016 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 299-308 ST - Contributing factors for drought in United States forest ecosystems under projected future climates and their uncertainty T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Contributing factors for drought in United States forest ecosystems under projected future climates and their uncertainty VL - 380 ID - 21978 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Northeast US Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (NES LME) has experienced 2 major pressures: fishing and climate. The magnitude and rate of response to these pressures are species-specific and depend on each individual species' behavior, physiology and life histories. Thus, species assemblages can be expected to change as a result of the sum of each individual species' response. In previous studies, distinct species assemblages have been identified in each of the 4 subregions by which the NES LME has traditionally been assessed: Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB), Southern New England (SNE), Georges Bank (GB), and Gulf of Maine (GOM). In this study, we confirm that each subregion has a distinct species assemblage, but found that those assemblages are shifting over time. The shift appears to be towards species that prefer warmer water. The result is a species assemblage within each subregion that more closely resembles the historic assemblage found in the adjacent subregion to the south. These shifts have occurred in response to a combination of both fishing and climate, and are highly nonlinear. Therefore, current reductions in fishing pressure may not be adequate to return the system to a more historic species assemblage. AD - Lucey, SM; Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA AU - Lucey, S. M. AU - Nye, J. A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.3354/Meps08743 KW - species distribution; northeast us continental shelf large marine ecosystem; fishing pressure; climate effect; non-metric multidimensional scaling; anosim; simper; georges bank; atlantic oscillation; climate-change; community structure; fish community; variability; fisheries; responses; recovery; trends LA - English N1 - 674RG; Times Cited:2; Cited References Count:47 PY - 2010 SN - 0171-8630 SP - 23-33 ST - Shifting species assemblages in the northeast US continental shelf large marine ecosystem T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series TI - Shifting species assemblages in the northeast US continental shelf large marine ecosystem VL - 415 ID - 14319 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There are over 2000 islands across Hawaii and the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI), where fresh water resources are heavily dependent upon rainfall. Many of the islands experience dramatic variations in precipitation during the different phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Traditionally, forecasters in the region relied on ENSO climatologies based on spatially-limited in situ data to inform their seasonal precipitation outlooks. To address this gap, a unique NOAA/NASA collaborative project updated the ENSO-based rainfall climatology for the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) encompassing Hawaii and the USAPI using NOAA’s PERSIANN Climate Data Record (CDR). The PERSIANN-CDR provides a 30-year record of global daily precipitation at 0.25° resolution (~750 km2 near the equator). This project took place over a 10-week NASA DEVELOP National Program term, and resulted in a 478-page climatic reference atlas. This atlas is based on a 30-year period from 1 January 1985 through 31 December 2014 and complements station data by offering an enhanced spatial representation of rainfall averages.Regional and EEZ-specific maps throughout the atlas illustrate the percent departure from average for each season based on the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) for different ENSO phases. To facilitate inter-comparisons across locations, this percentage-based climatology was provided to regional climatologists, forecasters, and outreach experts within the region. Anomalous wet and dry maps for each ENSO phase are used by the regional constituents to better understand precipitation patterns across their regions and to produce more accurate forecasts to inform adaptation, conservation, and mitigation options for drought and flooding events. AU - Luchetti, Nicholas T. AU - Sutton, Jessica R. P. AU - Wright, Ethan E. AU - Kruk, Michael C. AU - Marra, John J. DA - 2016/02/22/ DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00219.1 DP - journals.ametsoc.org (Atypon) KW - drought ENSO Rainfall Hawaii Seasonal forecasting freshwater Climatology Federated States of Micronesia Palau Republic of the Marshall Islands Guam American Samoa Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands PY - 2016 SN - 0003-0007 SP - 2249-2255 ST - When El Niño rages: How satellite data can help water-stressed islands T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - When El Niño rages: How satellite data can help water-stressed islands VL - 97 Y2 - 2016/03/17/02:27:24 ID - 22470 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Luck, J. AU - Spackman, M. AU - Freeman, A. AU - Tre˛bicki, P. AU - Griffiths, W. AU - Finlay, K. AU - Chakraborty, S. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02414.x IS - 1 KW - climate change field crop diseases potato rice soybean wheat PY - 2011 SN - 1365-3059 SP - 113-121 ST - Climate change and diseases of food crops T2 - Plant Pathology TI - Climate change and diseases of food crops VL - 60 ID - 23555 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While the international community has agreed on the long-term target of limiting global warming to no more than 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, only a few concrete climate policies and measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been implemented. We use a set of three global integrated assessment models to analyze the implications of current climate policies on long-term mitigation targets. We define a weak-policy baseline scenario, which extrapolates the current policy environment by assuming that the global climate regime remains fragmented and that emission reduction efforts remain unambitious in most of the world’s regions. These scenarios clearly fall short of limiting warming to 2 °C. We investigate the cost and achievability of the stabilization of atmospheric GHG concentrations at 450 ppm CO2e by 2100, if countries follow the weak policy pathway until 2020 or 2030 before pursuing the long-term mitigation target with global cooperative action. We find that after a deferral of ambitious action the 450 ppm CO2e is only achievable with a radical up-scaling of efforts after target adoption. This has severe effects on transformation pathways and exacerbates the challenges of climate stabilization, in particular for a delay of cooperative action until 2030. Specifically, reaching the target with weak near-term action implies (a) faster and more aggressive transformations of energy systems in the medium term, (b) more stranded investments in fossil-based capacities, (c) higher long-term mitigation costs and carbon prices and (d) stronger transitional economic impacts, rendering the political feasibility of such pathways questionable. AU - Luderer, Gunnar AU - Bertram, Christoph AU - Calvin, Katherine AU - De Cian, Enrica AU - Kriegler, Elmar DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0899-9 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 127-140 ST - Implications of weak near-term climate policies on long-term mitigation pathways T2 - Climatic Change TI - Implications of weak near-term climate policies on long-term mitigation pathways VL - 136 ID - 24480 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ludsin, Stuart A. AU - Kershner, Mark W. AU - Blocksom, Karen A. AU - Knight, Roger L. AU - Stein, Roy A. DO - 10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0731:LADILE]2.0.CO;2 IS - 3 KW - detrended correspondence analysis eutrophication Great Lakes Lake Erie oligotrophication phosphorus abatement productivity resilience species diversity species richness species turnover succession PY - 2001 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 731-746 ST - Life after death in Lake Erie: Nutrient controls drive fish species richness, rehabilitation T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Life after death in Lake Erie: Nutrient controls drive fish species richness, rehabilitation VL - 11 ID - 21222 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Luedeling, Eike C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.07.011 IS - 0 KW - Adaptation Chilling Hours Chill Portions Climate analogues, Dynamic Model Tree dormancy PY - 2012 SN - 0304-4238 SP - 218-229 ST - Climate change impacts on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut production: A review T2 - Scientia Horticulturae TI - Climate change impacts on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut production: A review VL - 144 ID - 14320 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Luedeling, E. AU - Girvetz, E.H. AU - Semenov, M.A. AU - Brown, P.H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0020155 IS - 5 PY - 2011 SN - 1932-6203 SP - e20155 ST - Climate change affects winter chill for temperate fruit and nut trees T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Climate change affects winter chill for temperate fruit and nut trees VL - 6 ID - 14321 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lugo, Ariel E. AU - García-Martinó, Andrés AU - Quiñones-Márquez, Ferdinando IS - 1-3 PY - 2011 SP - 138 ST - Cartilla Del Agua Para Puerto Rico T2 - Acto Cientifica TI - Cartilla Del Agua Para Puerto Rico UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/pubs/actavol25.pdf VL - 25 ID - 25246 ER - TY - WEB AU - Luick, Bret CY - Fairbanks PB - University of Alaska Cooperative Extension Service PY - 2018 ST - Alaska Food Cost Survey [web tool] TI - Alaska Food Cost Survey [web tool] UR - https://www.uaf.edu/ces/hhfd/fcs/ ID - 25849 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Nonstationary extreme value analysis (NEVA) can improve the statistical representation of observed flood peak distributions compared to stationary (ST) analysis, but management of flood risk relies on predictions of out-of-sample distributions for which NEVA has not been comprehensively evaluated. In this study, we apply split-sample testing to 1250 annual maximum discharge records in the United States and compare the predictive capabilities of NEVA relative to ST extreme value analysis using a log-Pearson Type III (LPIII) distribution. The parameters of the LPIII distribution in the ST and nonstationary (NS) models are estimated from the first half of each record using Bayesian inference. The second half of each record is reserved to evaluate the predictions under the ST and NS models. The NS model is applied for prediction by (1) extrapolating the trend of the NS model parameters throughout the evaluation period and (2) using the NS model parameter values at the end of the fitting period to predict with an updated ST model (uST). Our analysis shows that the ST predictions are preferred, overall. NS model parameter extrapolation is rarely preferred. However, if fitting period discharges are influenced by physical changes in the watershed, for example from anthropogenic activity, the uST model is strongly preferred relative to ST and NS predictions. The uST model is therefore recommended for evaluation of current flood risk in watersheds that have undergone physical changes. Supporting information includes a MATLAB® program that estimates the (ST/NS/uST) LPIII parameters from annual peak discharge data through Bayesian inference. AU - Luke, Adam AU - Vrugt, Jasper A. AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Matthew, Richard AU - Sanders, Brett F. DO - 10.1002/2016WR019676 IS - 7 PY - 2017 SP - 5469-5494 ST - Predicting nonstationary flood frequencies: Evidence supports an updated stationarity thesis in the United States T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Predicting nonstationary flood frequencies: Evidence supports an updated stationarity thesis in the United States VL - 53 ID - 26080 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Lummi Natural Resources Department CY - WA PB - Lummi Nation PY - 2016 SP - [various] ST - Lummi Nation Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Plan: 2016–2026 TI - Lummi Nation Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Plan: 2016–2026 UR - http://lnnr.lummi-nsn.gov/LummiWebsite/userfiles/360_Climate%20Change%20Assessment%20FINAL.pdf ID - 24980 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many regions of the world are dependent on snow cover for frost protection and summer water supplies. These same regions are predominantly forested, with forests highly vulnerable to change. Here we combine a meta‐analysis of observational studies across the globe with modeling to show that in regions with average December‐January‐February (DJF) temperatures greater than −1°C, forest cover reduces snow duration by 1–2 weeks compared to adjacent open areas. This occurs because the dominant effect of forest cover shifts from slowing snowmelt by shading the snow and blocking the wind to accelerating snowmelt from increasing longwave radiation. In many locations, midwinter melt removes forest snow before solar radiation is great enough for forest shading to matter, and with warming temperatures, midwinter melt is likely to become more widespread. This temperature‐effect in forest‐snow‐climate interactions must be considered in representations of the combined ecohydrological system and can be used advantageously in forest management strategies. AU - Lundquist, Jessica D. AU - Dickerson‐Lange, Susan E. AU - Lutz, James A. AU - Cristea, Nicoleta C. DO - 10.1002/wrcr.20504 IS - 10 PY - 2013 SP - 6356-6370 ST - Lower forest density enhances snow retention in regions with warmer winters: A global framework developed from plot‐scale observations and modeling T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Lower forest density enhances snow retention in regions with warmer winters: A global framework developed from plot‐scale observations and modeling VL - 49 ID - 25162 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lunt, D. J. AU - Dunkley Jones, T. AU - Heinemann, M. AU - Huber, M. AU - LeGrande, A. AU - Winguth, A. AU - Loptson, C. AU - Marotzke, J. AU - Roberts, C. D. AU - Tindall, J. AU - Valdes, P. AU - Winguth, C. DO - 10.5194/cp-8-1717-2012 IS - 5 PY - 2012 SN - 1814-9332 SP - 1717-1736 ST - A model–data comparison for a multi-model ensemble of early Eocene atmosphere–ocean simulations: EoMIP T2 - Climate of the Past TI - A model–data comparison for a multi-model ensemble of early Eocene atmosphere–ocean simulations: EoMIP VL - 8 ID - 20097 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Luo, Lifeng AU - Apps, Deanna AU - Arcand, Samuel AU - Xu, Huating AU - Pan, Ming AU - Hoerling, Martin DO - 10.1002/2016GL072027 IS - 7 KW - drought temperature anomaly precipitation deficit snowpack PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 3184-3192 ST - Contribution of temperature and precipitation anomalies to the California drought during 2012–2015 T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Contribution of temperature and precipitation anomalies to the California drought during 2012–2015 VL - 44 ID - 23812 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lute, A. C. AU - Abatzoglou, J. T. AU - Hegewisch, K. C. DO - 10.1002/2014WR016267 IS - 2 KW - snow climate variability climate change extreme events 0736 Snow 1616 Climate variability 1637 Regional climate change 1817 Extreme events PY - 2015 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 960-972 ST - Projected changes in snowfall extremes and interannual variability of snowfall in the western United States T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Projected changes in snowfall extremes and interannual variability of snowfall in the western United States VL - 51 ID - 19695 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lutz, James A AU - van Wagtendonk, Jan W AU - Franklin, Jerry F DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02268.x IS - 5 PY - 2010 SN - 1365-2699 SP - 936-950 ST - Climatic water deficit, tree species ranges, and climate change in Yosemite National Park T2 - Journal of Biogeography TI - Climatic water deficit, tree species ranges, and climate change in Yosemite National Park VL - 37 ID - 22609 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lydersen, Jamie M. AU - Collins, Brandon M. AU - Brooks, Matthew L. AU - Matchett, John R. AU - Shive, Kristen L. AU - Povak, Nicholas A. AU - Kane, Van R. AU - Smith, Douglas F. DO - 10.1002/eap.1586 IS - 7 KW - fire progression fire severity fuels reduction fuels treatment landscape analysis mixed conifer forest Rim Fire Stanislaus National Forest thinning wildfire Yosemite National Park PY - 2017 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 2013-2030 ST - Evidence of fuels management and fire weather influencing fire severity in an extreme fire event T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Evidence of fuels management and fire weather influencing fire severity in an extreme fire event VL - 27 ID - 23813 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During the last twenty years, more than forty-five publications have sought to measure and evaluate the quality of plans using content analysis methods. We examine reasons for this growth in the literature and its contributions and limitations. We also examine whether the research methods described in these publications conform to recommended practices in the methodological literature on content analysis to determine whether plan quality researchers are likely to be generating reliable and reproducible plan quality data. We provide seven recommendations plan quality researchers can follow to address these weaknesses and improve the reliability and reproducibility of their data. AU - Lyles, Ward AU - Stevens, Mark DO - 10.1177/0739456x14549752 IS - 4 KW - plan quality,research methods,plan evaluation,content analysis PY - 2014 SP - 433-450 ST - Plan quality evaluation 1994–2012: Growth and contributions, limitations, and new directions T2 - Journal of Planning Education and Research TI - Plan quality evaluation 1994–2012: Growth and contributions, limitations, and new directions VL - 34 ID - 26472 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lynch, Abigail J. AU - Myers, Bonnie J. E. AU - Chu, Cindy AU - Eby, Lisa A. AU - Falke, Jeffrey A. AU - Kovach, Ryan P. AU - Krabbenhoft, Trevor J. AU - Kwak, Thomas J. AU - Lyons, John AU - Paukert, Craig P. AU - Whitney, James E. DA - 2016/07/02 DO - 10.1080/03632415.2016.1186016 IS - 7 PY - 2016 SN - 0363-2415 SP - 346-361 ST - Climate change effects on North American inland fish populations and assemblages T2 - Fisheries TI - Climate change effects on North American inland fish populations and assemblages VL - 41 ID - 23814 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A case study is presented using the northeast United States to evaluate information contained in the monthly mean annual cycle that has yet to be exploited. This research documents the performance and projections for the northeast United States from a suite of 16 climate models in the archive of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) from the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Analysis is performed for the late twentieth-century monthly mean annual cycle and changes in the late twenty-first century. A weak seasonality in temperature and a strong seasonality in precipitation changes are found. The seasonality of changes is distinct from the mean annual cycles, such that temperature increases are largest in midwinter (December–February) and late summer [July–September (JAS)]. Precipitation increases peak in late winter–early spring (February–April), associated with increased moisture convergence and a more active storm track, and exhibit greatest model disagreement in late summer (JAS) when the models suggest weak divergence and a westward extension of the Atlantic subtropical anticyclone. The late summer–early fall maximum in temperature and late winter–early spring maximum in precipitation changes have not been seen previously in annual or seasonal mean analyses. Yet there is model agreement in these results, indicating that there is important information in the annual cycle for understanding the changes in the physical climate system and for evaluating impacts and adaptation strategies. It is argued that improved understanding of seasonal transitions has potential to increase confidence in projections, and to provide additional information of use to the impacts and decision-maker communities. AU - Lynch, C. AU - Seth, A. AU - Thibeault, J. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-14-00781.1 IS - 1 KW - Geographic location/entity,North America,Physical Meteorology and Climatology,Climate change,Models and modeling,Coupled models,Variability,Seasonal cycle PY - 2016 SP - 347-365 ST - Recent and projected annual cycles of temperature and precipitation in the northeast United States from CMIP5 T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Recent and projected annual cycles of temperature and precipitation in the northeast United States from CMIP5 VL - 29 ID - 21742 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lynn, Kathy AU - Daigle, John AU - Hoffman, Jennie AU - Lake, Frank AU - Michelle, Natalie AU - Ranco, Darren AU - Viles, Carson AU - Voggesser, Garrit AU - Williams, Paul C6 - NCA DA - October 2013 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0736-1 IS - 3 LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 545-556 ST - The impacts of climate change on tribal traditional foods T2 - Climatic Change TI - The impacts of climate change on tribal traditional foods VL - 120 ID - 14326 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lyons, John AU - Parks, Timothy P. AU - Minahan, Kristi L. AU - Ruesch, Aaron S. DA - 2018/04/01 DO - 10.1139/cjfas-2017-0043 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SN - 0706-652X SP - 600-608 ST - Evaluation of oxythermal metrics and benchmarks for the protection of cisco (Coregonus artedi) habitat quality and quantity in Wisconsin lakes T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences TI - Evaluation of oxythermal metrics and benchmarks for the protection of cisco (Coregonus artedi) habitat quality and quantity in Wisconsin lakes VL - 75 Y2 - 2018/10/05 ID - 26593 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lyons, James E. AU - Runge, Michael C. AU - Laskowski, Harold P. AU - Kendall, William L. DA - 2008/11/01 DO - 10.2193/2008-141 IS - 8 PY - 2008 SN - 0022-541X SP - 1683-1692 ST - Monitoring in the context of structured decision-making and adaptive management T2 - Journal of Wildlife Management TI - Monitoring in the context of structured decision-making and adaptive management VL - 72 Y2 - 2017/10/13 ID - 21743 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ma, Wu AU - Liang, Jingjing AU - Cumming, Jonathan R. AU - Lee, Eungul AU - Welsh, Amy B. AU - Watson, James V. AU - Zhou, Mo DA - 7/24/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.03.021 KW - Climate change Fire regime Matrix growth model Forest dynamics Monte Carlo simulations Appalachians PY - 2016 SN - 0304-3800 SP - 28-41 ST - Fundamental shifts of central hardwood forests under climate change T2 - Ecological Modelling TI - Fundamental shifts of central hardwood forests under climate change VL - 332 ID - 21132 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Maben, Scott CY - Spokan, WA DA - December 20 PY - 2015 ST - Ski areas move past poor season, cheer forecasts T2 - The Spokesman-Review TI - Ski areas move past poor season, cheer forecasts UR - http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2015/dec/20/ski-areas-move-past-poor-season-cheer-forecasts/ ID - 26516 ER - TY - JOUR AU - MacCracken, Michael C. DO - 10.1002/2016EF000450 IS - 12 KW - Crutzen climate intervention climate change Arctic climate change sulfate offset geoengineering 3305 Climate change and variability 4321 Climate impact 4930 Greenhouse gases 6309 Decision making under uncertainty 6620 Science policy PY - 2016 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 649-657 ST - The rationale for accelerating regionally focused climate intervention research T2 - Earth’s Future TI - The rationale for accelerating regionally focused climate intervention research VL - 4 ID - 20846 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The St. Mary River watershed is an important international watershed that supplies irrigation water to large portions of southern Alberta, Canada, and northern Montana. The St. Mary River is fully allocated and users on both sides of the border are concerned regarding declining water supplies and increasing water demands under climate warming. Water supply in the St. Mary River is largely from snowpack in the mountainous portion of the watershed. This work assesses potential future changes in snowpack for the St. Mary River watershed under a range of general circulation model (GCM) derived future climate scenarios. The Generate Earth Systems Science (GENESYS) input spatial hydrometeorological model is used to simulate potential changes in spring snowpack, the onset of melt, and changes in snow extent for three 30-yr periods centered around 2025, 2055, and 2085. Results suggest an earlier spring and associated earlier onset of snowmelt and probable declines in maximum annual snow water equivalent (SWE) over the St. Mary River watershed are likely under most future climate scenarios used in this study. However, results are responsive to future climate scenarios, where a scenario with substantial global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission controls shows a much lower decline in total accumulated SWE over the St. Mary River watershed. Without substantial GHG emission reductions, the study does show that there could be significant changes in snowpack over the St. Mary River watershed in the future. AU - MacDonald, Ryan J. AU - Byrne, James M. AU - Kienzle, Stefan W. AU - Larson, Robert P. DO - 10.1175/2010jhm1294.1 IS - 2 KW - Climate change,Snowpack,Watersheds PY - 2011 SP - 262-273 ST - Assessing the potential impacts of climate change on mountain snowpack in the St. Mary River watershed, Montana T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - Assessing the potential impacts of climate change on mountain snowpack in the St. Mary River watershed, Montana VL - 12 ID - 21616 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mace, Georgina M. AU - Norris, Ken AU - Fitter, Alastair H. DA - 2012/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.tree.2011.08.006 IS - 1 PY - 2012 SN - 0169-5347 SP - 19-26 ST - Biodiversity and ecosystem services: A multilayered relationship T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution TI - Biodiversity and ecosystem services: A multilayered relationship VL - 27 ID - 25707 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Mace, Robert E. AU - Davidson, Sarah C. AU - Angle, Edward S. AU - Mullican, William F., III CY - Austin, TX NV - Texas Water Development Board Report 365 PB - Texas Water Development Board PY - 2006 SP - 304 ST - Aquifers of the Gulf Coast of Texas TI - Aquifers of the Gulf Coast of Texas UR - https://www.twdb.texas.gov/publications/reports/numbered_reports/doc/R365/R365_Composite.pdf ID - 23284 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Through integrative assessment, experts evaluate the state of knowledge on complex problems relevant to societies. In this review, we take stock of recent advances and challenges, rooting our analysis in climate change assessment. In particular, we consider four priorities in assessment: (a) integrating diverse evidence including quantitative and qualitative results and understanding, (b) applying rigorous expert judgment to evidence and its uncertainties, (c) exploring widely ranging futures and their connections to ongoing choices and actions, and (d) incorporating interactions among experts and decision makers in assessment processes. Across these assessment priorities, we survey past experiences, current practices, and possibilities for future experimentation, innovation, and learning. In our current era of climate and broader global change, integrative assessment can bolster decisions about contested and uncertain futures. We consider both opportunities and pitfalls in synthesizing and encompassing evidence and perspectives. Our aim is to advance transparent assessment for a sustainable future. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources Volume 42 is October 17, 2017. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates. AU - Mach, Katharine J. AU - Field, Christopher B. DO - 10.1146/annurev-environ-102016-061007 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - 569-597 ST - Toward the next generation of assessment T2 - Annual Review of Environment and Resources TI - Toward the next generation of assessment VL - 42 ID - 21422 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mackas, David L. DA - 04/13/online DO - 10.1038/nature09951 PY - 2011 SP - E4 ST - Does blending of chlorophyll data bias temporal trend? T2 - Nature TI - Does blending of chlorophyll data bias temporal trend? VL - 472 ID - 23408 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mackas, D. L. AU - Greve, W. AU - Edwards, M. AU - Chiba, S. AU - Tadokoro, K. AU - Eloire, D. AU - Mazzocchi, M. G. AU - Batten, S. AU - Richardson, A. J. AU - Johnson, C. AU - Head, E. AU - Conversi, A. AU - Peluso, T. DA - 2012/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.pocean.2011.11.005 PY - 2012 SN - 0079-6611 SP - 31-62 ST - Changing zooplankton seasonality in a changing ocean: Comparing time series of zooplankton phenology T2 - Progress in Oceanography TI - Changing zooplankton seasonality in a changing ocean: Comparing time series of zooplankton phenology VL - 97-100 ID - 25509 ER - TY - JOUR AU - MacKay, M. AU - Seglenieks, F. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-012-0560-z IS - 1-2 PY - 2012 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 55-67 ST - On the simulation of Laurentian Great Lakes water levels under projections of global climate change T2 - Climatic Change TI - On the simulation of Laurentian Great Lakes water levels under projections of global climate change VL - 117 ID - 14339 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This report provides estimates of operational water withdrawal and water consumption factors for electricity generating technologies in the United States. Estimates of water factors were collected from published primary literature and were not modified except for unit conversions. The water factors presented may be useful in modeling and policy analyses where reliable power plant level data are not available. Major findings of the report include: water withdrawal and consumption factors vary greatly across and within fuel technologies, and water factors show greater agreement when organized according to cooling technologies as opposed to fuel technologies; a transition to a less carbon-intensive electricity sector could result in either an increase or a decrease in water use, depending on the choice of technologies and cooling systems employed; concentrating solar power technologies and coal facilities with carbon capture and sequestration capabilities have the highest water consumption values when using a recirculating cooling system; and non-thermal renewables, such as photovoltaics and wind, have the lowest water consumption factors. Improved power plant data and further studies into the water requirements of energy technologies in different climatic regions would facilitate greater resolution in analyses of water impacts of future energy and economic scenarios. This report provides the foundation for conducting water use impact assessments of the power sector while also identifying gaps in data that could guide future research. AU - Macknick, J. AU - Newmark, R. AU - Heath, G. AU - Hallett, K. C. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045802 IS - 4 PY - 2012 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 045802 ST - Operational water consumption and withdrawal factors for electricity generating technologies: A review of existing literature T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Operational water consumption and withdrawal factors for electricity generating technologies: A review of existing literature VL - 7 ID - 21330 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The power sector withdraws more freshwater annually than any other sector in the US. The current portfolio of electricity generating technologies in the US has highly regionalized and technology-specific requirements for water. Water availability differs widely throughout the nation. As a result, assessments of water impacts from the power sector must have a high geographic resolution and consider regional, basin-level differences. The US electricity portfolio is expected to evolve in coming years, shaped by various policy and economic drivers on the international, national and regional level; that evolution will impact power sector water demands. Analysis of future electricity scenarios that incorporate technology options and constraints can provide useful insights about water impacts related to changes to the technology mix. Utilizing outputs from the regional energy deployment system (ReEDS) model, a national electricity sector capacity expansion model with high geographical resolution, we explore potential changes in water use by the US electric sector over the next four decades under various low carbon energy scenarios, nationally and regionally. AU - Macknick, J. AU - Sattler, S. AU - Averyt, K. AU - Clemmer, S. AU - Rogers, J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045803 IS - 4 PY - 2012 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 045803 ST - The water implications of generating electricity: Water use across the United States based on different electricity pathways through 2050 T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - The water implications of generating electricity: Water use across the United States based on different electricity pathways through 2050 VL - 7 ID - 14342 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Predicted effects of climate change include high extinction risk for many species, but confidence in these predictions is undermined by a perceived lack of empirical support. Many studies have now documented ecological responses to recent climate change, providing the opportunity to test whether the magnitude and nature of recent responses match predictions. Here, we perform a global and multitaxon metaanalysis to show that empirical evidence for the realized effects of climate change supports predictions of future extinction risk. We use International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria as a common scale to estimate extinction risks from a wide range of climate impacts, ecological responses, and methods of analysis, and we compare predictions with observations. Mean extinction probability across studies making predictions of the future effects of climate change was 7% by 2100 compared with 15% based on observed responses. After taking account of possible bias in the type of climate change impact analyzed and the parts of the world and taxa studied, there was less discrepancy between the two approaches: predictions suggested a mean extinction probability of 10% across taxa and regions, whereas empirical evidence gave a mean probability of 14%. As well as mean overall extinction probability, observations also supported predictions in terms of variability in extinction risk and the relative risk associated with broad taxonomic groups and geographic regions. These results suggest that predictions are robust to methodological assumptions and provide strong empirical support for the assertion that anthropogenic climate change is now a major threat to global biodiversity. AU - Maclean, Ilya M. D. AU - Wilson, Robert J. DA - July 26, 2011 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1017352108 IS - 30 PY - 2011 SP - 12337-12342 ST - Recent ecological responses to climate change support predictions of high extinction risk T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Recent ecological responses to climate change support predictions of high extinction risk VL - 108 ID - 21166 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Macmillan, Alexandra AU - Connor, Jennie AU - Witten, Karen AU - Kearns, Robin AU - Rees, David AU - Woodward, Alistair DO - 10.1289/ehp.1307250 IS - 4 PY - 2014 SP - 335-344 ST - The societal costs and benefits of commuter bicycling: Simulating the effects of specific policies using system dynamics modeling T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - The societal costs and benefits of commuter bicycling: Simulating the effects of specific policies using system dynamics modeling VL - 122 ID - 23815 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Madenjian, Charles P. AU - O'Gorman, Robert AU - Bunnell, David B. AU - Argyle, Ray L. AU - Roseman, Edward F. AU - Warner, David M. AU - Stockwell, Jason D. AU - Stapanian, Martin A. DA - 2008/02/01 DO - 10.1577/M07-012.1 IS - 1 PY - 2008 SN - 0275-5947 SP - 263-282 ST - Adverse effects of alewives on Laurentian Great Lakes fish communities T2 - North American Journal of Fisheries Management TI - Adverse effects of alewives on Laurentian Great Lakes fish communities VL - 28 ID - 21217 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mader, Terry L. AU - Griffin, Dee DO - 10.1016/j.cvfa.2015.03.006 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SN - 0749-0720 SP - 247-258 ST - Management of cattle exposed to adverse environmental conditions T2 - Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice TI - Management of cattle exposed to adverse environmental conditions VL - 31 Y2 - 2017/12/12 ID - 23556 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mader, T. L. AU - Holt, S. M. AU - Hahn, G. L. AU - Davis, M. S. AU - Spiers, D. E. DO - 10.2527/2002.8092373x IS - 9 LA - English PY - 2002 SP - 2373-2382 ST - Feeding strategies for managing heat load in feedlot cattle T2 - Journal of Animal Science TI - Feeding strategies for managing heat load in feedlot cattle VL - 80 ID - 23627 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Numerous models and indices exist that attempt to characterize the effect of environmental factors on the comfort of animals and humans. Heat and cold indices have been utilized to adjust ambient temperature (Ta) for the effects of relative humidity (RH) or wind speed (WS) or both for the purposes of obtaining a "feels-like" or apparent temperature. However, no model has been found that incorporates adjustments for RH, WS, and radiation (RAD) over conditions that encompass hot and cold environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive climate index (CCI) that has application under a wide range of environmental conditions and provides an adjustment to Ta for RH, WS, and RAD. Environmental data were compiled from 9 separate summer periods in which heat stress events occurred and from 6 different winter periods to develop and validate the CCI. The RH adjustment is derived from an exponential relationship between Ta and RH with temperature being adjusted up or down from an RH value of 30%. At 45°C, the temperature adjustment for increasing RH from 30 to 100% equals approximately 16°C, whereas at -30°C temperature adjustments due to increasing RH from 30 to 100% equal approximately -3.0°C, with greater RH values contributing to a reduced apparent temperature under cold conditions. The relationship between WS and temperature adjustments was also determined to be exponential with a logarithmic adjustment to define appropriate declines in apparent temperature as WS increases. With this index, slower WS results in the greatest change in apparent temperature per unit of WS regardless of whether hot or cold conditions exist. As WS increases, the change in apparent temperature per unit of WS becomes less. Based on existing windchill and heat indices, the effect of WS on apparent temperature is sufficiently similar to allow one equation to be utilized under hot and cold conditions. The RAD component was separated into direct solar radiation and ground surface radiation. Both of these were found to have a linear relationship with Ta. This index will be useful for further development of biological response functions, which are associated with energy exchange, and improving decision-making processes, which are weather-dependent. In addition, the defined thresholds can serve as management and environmental mitigation guidelines to protect and ensure animal comfort. AU - Mader, T. L. AU - Johnson, L. J. AU - Gaughan, J. B. DO - 10.2527/jas.2009-2586 IS - 6 LA - English PY - 2010 SP - 2153-2165 ST - A comprehensive index for assessing environmental stress in animals T2 - Journal of Animal Science TI - A comprehensive index for assessing environmental stress in animals VL - 88 ID - 21227 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Magdanz, James S. AU - Tahbone, Sandra AU - Ahmasuk, Austin AU - Koster, David S. AU - Davis, Brian L. CY - Juneau, AK PB - Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence PY - 2007 SP - 126 ST - Customary Trade and Barter in Fish in the Seward Peninsula Area, Alaska TI - Customary Trade and Barter in Fish in the Seward Peninsula Area, Alaska UR - http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/TechPap/TP328.pdf ID - 22245 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Magee, Mark CY - Long Beach, WA DA - May 31 PY - 2017 ST - Domoic acid hurt jobs, along with clams T2 - Chinook Observer TI - Domoic acid hurt jobs, along with clams UR - http://www.chinookobserver.com/co/local-news/20170531/domoic-acid-hurt-jobs-along-with-clams ID - 24786 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Magee, Madeline R. AU - McIntyre, Peter B. AU - Wu, Chin H. DA - 2018/08/01 DO - 10.1139/cjfas-2017-0260 IS - 8 PY - 2017 SN - 0706-652X SP - 1303-1312 ST - Modeling oxythermal stress for cool-water fishes in lakes using a cumulative dosage approach T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences TI - Modeling oxythermal stress for cool-water fishes in lakes using a cumulative dosage approach VL - 75 Y2 - 2018/10/05 ID - 26596 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Magee, Madeline R. AU - Wu, Chin H. DO - 10.5194/hess-21-6253-2017 IS - 12 PY - 2017 SN - 1607-7938 SP - 6253-6274 ST - Response of water temperatures and stratification to changing climate in three lakes with different morphometry T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences TI - Response of water temperatures and stratification to changing climate in three lakes with different morphometry VL - 21 ID - 26594 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A one-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model (DYRESM-WQ-I) is employed to simulate ice cover and water temperatures over the period 1911–2014. The effects of climate changes (air temperature and wind speed) on ice cover (ice-on, ice-off, ice cover duration, and maximum ice thickness) are modeled and compared for the three different morphometry lakes: Fish Lake, Lake Wingra, and Lake Mendota, located in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. It is found that the ice cover period has decreased due to later ice-on dates and earlier ice-off dates, and the annual maximum ice cover thickness has decreased for the three lakes during the last century. Based upon simulated perturbations of daily mean air temperatures across the range of −10°C to +10°C of historical values, Fish Lake has the most occurrences of no ice cover and Lake Wingra still remains ice covered under extreme conditions (+10°C). Overall, shallower lakes with larger surface areas appear more resilient to ice cover changes caused by climate changes. AU - Magee, Madeline R. AU - Wu, Chin H. DO - 10.1002/hyp.10996 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SP - 308-323 ST - Effects of changing climate on ice cover in three morphometrically different lakes T2 - Hydrological Processes TI - Effects of changing climate on ice cover in three morphometrically different lakes VL - 31 ID - 26595 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Magis, Kristen DA - 2010/04/05 DO - 10.1080/08941920903305674 IS - 5 PY - 2010 SN - 0894-1920 SP - 401-416 ST - Community resilience: An indicator of social sustainability T2 - Society & Natural Resources TI - Community resilience: An indicator of social sustainability VL - 23 ID - 26706 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Magnuson, J. J. AU - Webster, K. E. AU - Assel, R. A. AU - Bowser, C. J. AU - Dillon, P. J. AU - Eaton, J. G. AU - Evans, H. E. AU - Fee, E. J. AU - Hall, R. I. AU - Mortsch, L. R. AU - Schindler, D. W. AU - Quinn, F. H. DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19970630)11:8<825::AID-HYP509>3.0.CO;2-G IS - 8 KW - Laurentian Great Lakes Precambrian Shield climate change aquatic systems north temperate glacial lakes hydrology paleoclimates lake ice water level physical limnology chemical limnology phytoplankton zooplankton fish terrestrial-aquatic linkages interaction with other stresses heterogeneity in response biogeochemistry PY - 1997 SN - 1099-1085 SP - 825-871 ST - Potential effects of climate changes on aquatic systems: Laurentian Great Lakes and Precambrian shield region T2 - Hydrological Processes TI - Potential effects of climate changes on aquatic systems: Laurentian Great Lakes and Precambrian shield region VL - 11 ID - 21108 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mahan, Helen IS - 1 PY - 2015 SN - 07324715 SP - 51-58 ST - Fulfilling the promise of "Parks to People" in a changing environment: The Gateway National Recreation Area experience T2 - The George Wright Forum TI - Fulfilling the promise of "Parks to People" in a changing environment: The Gateway National Recreation Area experience UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/43598400 VL - 32 ID - 26201 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maher, Sean P. AU - Morelli, Toni Lyn AU - Hershey, Michelle AU - Flint, Alan L. AU - Flint, Lorraine E. AU - Moritz, Craig AU - Beissinger, Steven R. C7 - e01673 DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1673 IS - 4 KW - Circuitscape climate connectivity conservation dispersal meadows refugia PY - 2017 SN - 2150-8925 SP - e01673 ST - Erosion of refugia in the Sierra Nevada meadows network with climate change T2 - Ecosphere TI - Erosion of refugia in the Sierra Nevada meadows network with climate change VL - 8 ID - 23683 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mahler, B. J. AU - Bourgeais, R. DA - 2013/11/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.004 KW - Karst spring Dissolved oxygen Endemic species Climate change Edwards aquifer PY - 2013 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 291-298 ST - Dissolved oxygen fluctuations in karst spring flow and implications for endemic species: Barton Springs, Edwards aquifer, Texas, USA T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Dissolved oxygen fluctuations in karst spring flow and implications for endemic species: Barton Springs, Edwards aquifer, Texas, USA VL - 505 ID - 23259 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Mahler, B. J. AU - Long, A. J. AU - Stamm, J. F. AU - Poteet, M. AU - Symstad, A. CY - San Francisco, CA PB - American Geophysical Union PY - 2013 SP - #H11I-1257 T2 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2013 TI - Linking climate change and karst hydrology to evaluate species vulnerability: The Edwards and Madison aquifers UR - http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2013/FM/H11I-1257.html ID - 23297 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mahmood, R. AU - Pielke, R.A. AU - Hubbard, K.G. AU - Niyogi, D. AU - Dirmeyer, P.A. AU - McAlpine, C. AU - Carleton, A.M. AU - Hale, R. AU - Gameda, S. AU - Beltrán-Przekurat, A. AU - Baker, B. AU - McNider, R. AU - Legates, D.R. AU - Shepherd, M. AU - Du, J. AU - Blanken, P.D. AU - Frauenfeld, O.W. AU - Nair, U. S. AU - Fall, S. DO - 10.1002/joc.3736 PY - 2014 SP - 929-953 ST - Land cover changes and their biogeophysical effects on climate T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Land cover changes and their biogeophysical effects on climate VL - 34 ID - 22610 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mahmoud, Mohammed AU - Liu, Yuqiong AU - Hartmann, Holly AU - Stewart, Steven AU - Wagener, Thorsten AU - Semmens, Darius AU - Stewart, Robert AU - Gupta, Hoshin AU - Dominguez, Damian AU - Dominguez, Francina AU - Hulse, David AU - Letcher, Rebecca AU - Rashleigh, Brenda AU - Smith, Court AU - Street, Roger AU - Ticehurst, Jenifer AU - Twery, Mark AU - van Delden, Hedwig AU - Waldick, Ruth AU - White, Denis AU - Winter, Larry DA - 2009/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.11.010 IS - 7 KW - Alternative futures Decision-making Scenario analysis Scenarios Scenario planning Uncertainty PY - 2009 SN - 1364-8152 SP - 798-808 ST - A formal framework for scenario development in support of environmental decision-making T2 - Environmental Modelling & Software TI - A formal framework for scenario development in support of environmental decision-making VL - 24 ID - 25706 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Mai, Trieu AU - Wiser, Ryan AU - Barbose, Galen AU - Bird, Lori AU - Heeter, Jenny AU - Keyser, David AU - Krishnan, Venkat AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Millstein, Dev CY - Golden, CO NV - NREL/TP-6A20-67455; LBNL-1006962 PB - National Renewable Energy Laboratory PY - 2016 SP - 58 ST - A Prospective Analysis of the Costs, Benefits, and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards TI - A Prospective Analysis of the Costs, Benefits, and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards UR - https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy17osti/67455.pdf ID - 23937 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Two of the key drivers of biodiversity loss today are climate change and invasive species. Climate change is already having a measurable impact on species distributions, reproduction and behavior, and all evidence suggests that things will get worse even if we act tomorrow to mitigate any future increases in greenhouse gas emissions: temperature will increase, precipitation will change, sea level will rise and ocean chemistry will change. At the same time, biological invasions remain an important threat to biodiversity, causing species loss, changes in distribution and habitat degradation. Acting together, the impacts of each of these drivers of change are compounded and interactions between these two threats present even greater challenges to field conservationists as well as policymakers. Similarly, the social and economic impacts of climate change and invasive species, already substantial, will be magnified. Awareness of the links between the two should underpin all biodiversity management planning and policy. AU - Mainka, Susan A. AU - Howard, Geoffrey W. DA - 2010/06// DO - 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00193.x DP - PubMed IS - 2 KW - climate change Conservation of Natural Resources Biodiversity Introduced Species Public Policy LA - eng PY - 2010 SN - 1749-4877 SP - 102-111 ST - Climate change and invasive species: double jeopardy T2 - Integrative Zoology TI - Climate change and invasive species: double jeopardy VL - 5 ID - 22471 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maizlish, Neil AU - Woodcock, James AU - Co, Sean AU - Ostro, Bart AU - Fanai, Amir AU - Fairley, David C6 - NCA DA - 2013/04/01 DO - 10.2105/ajph.2012.300939 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SN - 0090-0036 SP - 703-709 ST - Health cobenefits and transportation-related reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in the San Francisco Bay area T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Health cobenefits and transportation-related reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in the San Francisco Bay area VL - 103 Y2 - 2013/08/06 ID - 14360 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Malcolm, Scott AU - Marshall, Elizabeth AU - Aillery, Marcel AU - Heisey, Paul AU - Livingston, Michael AU - Day-Rubenstein, Kelly C6 - NCA CY - Washington, DC DA - June 2012 DO - 10.2139/ssrn.2112045 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service PY - 2012 ST - Agricultural Adaptation to a Changing Climate: Economic and Environmental Implications Vary by U.S. Region. USDA-ERS Economic Research Report 136 TI - Agricultural Adaptation to a Changing Climate: Economic and Environmental Implications Vary by U.S. Region. USDA-ERS Economic Research Report 136 UR - http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err-economic-research-report/err136.aspx#.Uup1IHddVlw ID - 14361 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Malcolm, Scott AU - Marshall, Elizabeth AU - Heisey, Paul AU - Livingston, Michael C4 - 4c23321e-bfed-4ea2-b451-1c73c0c5163f CY - Washington, DC IS - February PB - USDA Economic Research Service PY - 2013 ST - Adaptation can help U.S. crop producers confront climate change T2 - Amber Waves TI - Adaptation can help U.S. crop producers confront climate change UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2013/february/adaptation-can-help-us-crop-producers-confront-climate-change/ ID - 23628 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Companion, Michele A2 - Chaiken, Miriam S. AU - Maldonado, Julie AU - Lazrus, Heather AU - Bennett, Shiloh-Kay AU - Chief, Karletta AU - Dhillon, Carla May AU - Gough, Bob AU - Kruger, Linda AU - Morisette, Jeff AU - Petrovic, Stefan AU - Whyte, Kyle Powys C4 - 846b125d-9b8b-44df-8c1c-91dac70e4b66 CY - Boca Raton, FL PB - CRC Press PY - 2016 SN - 978-1498760966 1498760961 SP - 15-26 ST - The story of Rising Voices: Facilitating collaboration between Indigenous and Western ways of knowing T2 - Responses to Disasters and Climate Change: Understanding Vulnerability and Fostering Resilience TI - The story of Rising Voices: Facilitating collaboration between Indigenous and Western ways of knowing ID - 24959 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Maldonado, Julie AU - Powell, Dana CY - Santa Fe, NM DA - March 28 PB - LiKEN Knowledge PY - 2017 SP - 18 ST - Just Environmental and Climate Pathways: Knowledge Exchange among Community Organizers, Scholar-Activists, Citizen-Scientists and Artists T2 - Society for Applied Anthropology Annual Meeting TI - Just Environmental and Climate Pathways: Knowledge Exchange among Community Organizers, Scholar-Activists, Citizen-Scientists and Artists UR - http://likenknowledge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Climate-Pathways-Workshop-Report_Santa-Fe_March-2017.pdf ID - 26401 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maldonado, Julie Koppel IS - 1 PY - 2014 SP - 61-82 ST - A multiple knowledge approach for adaptation to environmental change: Lessons learned from coastal Louisiana's tribal communities T2 - Journal of Political Ecology TI - A multiple knowledge approach for adaptation to environmental change: Lessons learned from coastal Louisiana's tribal communities UR - https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/JPE/article/view/21125 VL - 21 ID - 24017 ER - TY - THES AU - Maldonado, Julie Koppel PB - American University PY - 2014 SP - 295 ST - Facing the Rising Tide: Co-occurring Disasters, Displacement, and Adaptation in Coastal Louisiana’s Tribal Communities T2 - Anthropology TI - Facing the Rising Tide: Co-occurring Disasters, Displacement, and Adaptation in Coastal Louisiana’s Tribal Communities UR - https://dra.american.edu/islandora/object/thesesdissertations%3A366/datastream/PDF/view VL - Ph.D. ID - 24982 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Maldonado, Julie Koppel AU - Pandya, Rajul E. AU - Colombi, Benedict J. CY - Cham, Switzerland DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-05265-6 LA - English PB - Springer PY - 2014 SN - 978-3-319-05265-6 SP - 174 ST - Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States: Impacts, Experiences and Actions TI - Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States: Impacts, Experiences and Actions ID - 18263 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - McLeman, Robert A2 - Gemenne, François AU - Maldonado, Julie K. AU - Peterson, Kristina C4 - 3bb5e821-3496-48fd-88ff-d0357e0d39f4 PB - Routledge PY - 2018 SE - 23 SN - 9781138194465 SP - 289-299 ST - A community-based model for resettlement: Lessons from coastal Louisiana T2 - Routledge Handbook of Environmental Displacement and Migration TI - A community-based model for resettlement: Lessons from coastal Louisiana ID - 24348 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maldonado, Julie Koppel AU - Shearer, Christine AU - Bronen, Robin AU - Peterson, Kristina AU - Lazrus, Heather C6 - NCA DA - October 2013 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0746-z ET - 9 April 2013 IS - 3 LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 601-614 ST - The impact of climate change on tribal communities in the US: Displacement, relocation, and human rights T2 - Climatic Change TI - The impact of climate change on tribal communities in the US: Displacement, relocation, and human rights VL - 120 ID - 14362 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Malick, Michael J. AU - Cox, Sean P. AU - Mueter, Franz J. AU - Peterman, Randall M. DA - 2015/05/01 DO - 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0298 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SN - 0706-652X SP - 697-708 ST - Linking phytoplankton phenology to salmon productivity along a north–south gradient in the Northeast Pacific Ocean T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences TI - Linking phytoplankton phenology to salmon productivity along a north–south gradient in the Northeast Pacific Ocean VL - 72 Y2 - 2018/01/30 ID - 24877 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Máliš, František AU - Kopecký, Martin AU - Petřík, Petr AU - Vladovič, Jozef AU - Merganič, Ján AU - Vida, Tomáš DO - 10.1111/gcb.13210 IS - 5 KW - elevational range shift realized niche semipermanent plots temperate forests tree life stages tree ontogeny vegetation resurvey PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1904-1914 ST - Life stage, not climate change, explains observed tree range shifts T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Life stage, not climate change, explains observed tree range shifts VL - 22 ID - 21975 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mallakpour, Iman AU - Villarini, Gabriele DA - 03//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2516 IS - 3 M3 - Letter PY - 2015 SN - 1758-678X SP - 250-254 ST - The changing nature of flooding across the central United States T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - The changing nature of flooding across the central United States VL - 5 ID - 19562 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mallard, M. S. AU - Nolte, C. G. AU - Spero, T. L. AU - Bullock, O. R. AU - Alapaty, K. AU - Herwehe, J. A. AU - Gula, J. AU - Bowden, J. H. DO - 10.5194/gmd-8-1085-2015 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SN - 1991-9603 SP - 1085-1096 ST - Technical challenges and solutions in representing lakes when using WRF in downscaling applications T2 - Geoscientific Model Development TI - Technical challenges and solutions in representing lakes when using WRF in downscaling applications VL - 8 ID - 21235 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mallia, D. V. AU - Lin, J. C. AU - Urbanski, S. AU - Ehleringer, J. AU - Nehrkorn, T. DO - 10.1002/2014JD022472 IS - 1 KW - biomass burning emissions air quality land-atmosphere exchange Lagrangian particle dispersion models Weather Research and Forecasting Model trajectory modeling 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions 0305 Aerosols and particles 0345 Pollution: urban and regional 0399 General or miscellaneous 0368 Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry PY - 2015 SN - 2169-8996 SP - 147-166 ST - Impacts of upwind wildfire emissions on CO, CO2, and PM2.5 concentrations in Salt Lake City, Utah T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - Impacts of upwind wildfire emissions on CO, CO2, and PM2.5 concentrations in Salt Lake City, Utah VL - 120 ID - 24250 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In part III of a three-part study on North American climate in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models, the authors examine projections of twenty-first-century climate in the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) emission experiments. This paper summarizes and synthesizes results from several coordinated studies by the authors. Aspects of North American climate change that are examined include changes in continental-scale temperature and the hydrologic cycle, extremes events, and storm tracks, as well as regional manifestations of these climate variables. The authors also examine changes in the eastern North Pacific and North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity and North American intraseasonal to decadal variability, including changes in teleconnections to other regions of the globe. Projected changes are generally consistent with those previously published for CMIP3, although CMIP5 model projections differ importantly from those of CMIP3 in some aspects, including CMIP5 model agreement on increased central California precipitation. The paper also highlights uncertainties and limitations based on current results as priorities for further research. Although many projected changes in North American climate are consistent across CMIP5 models, substantial intermodel disagreement exists in other aspects. Areas of disagreement include projections of changes in snow water equivalent on a regional basis, summer Arctic sea ice extent, the magnitude and sign of regional precipitation changes, extreme heat events across the northern United States, and Atlantic and east Pacific tropical cyclone activity. AU - Maloney, Eric D. AU - Camargo, Suzana J. AU - Chang, Edmund AU - Colle, Brian AU - Fu, Rong AU - Geil, Kerrie L. AU - Hu, Qi AU - Jiang, Xianan AU - Johnson, Nathaniel AU - Karnauskas, Kristopher B. AU - Kinter, James AU - Kirtman, Benjamin AU - Kumar, Sanjiv AU - Langenbrunner, Baird AU - Lombardo, Kelly AU - Long, Lindsey N. AU - Mariotti, Annarita AU - Meyerson, Joyce E. AU - Mo, Kingtse C. AU - Neelin, J. David AU - Pan, Zaitao AU - Seager, Richard AU - Serra, Yolande AU - Seth, Anji AU - Sheffield, Justin AU - Stroeve, Julienne AU - Thibeault, Jeanne AU - Xie, Shang-Ping AU - Wang, Chunzai AU - Wyman, Bruce AU - Zhao, Ming DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00273.1 IS - 6 KW - North America,Climate change,Climate prediction,Climate models PY - 2014 SP - 2230-2270 ST - North American climate in CMIP5 experiments: Part III: Assessment of twenty-first-century projections T2 - Journal of Climate TI - North American climate in CMIP5 experiments: Part III: Assessment of twenty-first-century projections VL - 27 ID - 19781 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maloney, Megan C. AU - Preston, Benjamin L. DA - 2014/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2014.02.004 KW - Climate change Storm surge Hurricane Sea-level rise Coastal vulnerability Exposure PY - 2014 SN - 2212-0963 SP - 26-41 ST - A geospatial dataset for U.S. hurricane storm surge and sea-level rise vulnerability: Development and case study applications T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - A geospatial dataset for U.S. hurricane storm surge and sea-level rise vulnerability: Development and case study applications VL - 2 ID - 21331 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An attempt is made to estimate the temperature changes resulting from doubling the present CO2 concentration by the use of a simplified three-dimensional general circulation model. This model contains the following simplications: a limited computational domain, an idealized topography, no beat transport by ocean currents, and fixed cloudiness. Despite these limitations, the results from this computation yield some indication of how the increase of CO2 concentration may affect the distribution of temperature in the atmosphere. It is shown that the CO2 increase raises the temperature of the model troposphere, whereas it lowers that of the model stratosphere. The tropospheric warming is somewhat larger than that expected from a radiative-convective equilibrium model. In particular, the increase of surface temperature in higher latitudes is magnified due to the recession of the snow boundary and the thermal stability of the lower troposphere which limits convective beating to the lowest layer. It is also shown that the doubling of carbon dioxide significantly increases the intensity of the hydrologic cycle of the model. AU - Manabe, Syukuro AU - Wetherald, Richard T. DO - 10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<0003:teodtc>2.0.co;2 IS - 1 PY - 1975 SP - 3-15 ST - The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on the climate of a General Circulation Model T2 - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences TI - The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on the climate of a General Circulation Model VL - 32 ID - 20813 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper presents a unique data set of lead, arsenic, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in soil samples collected from the metropolitan New York City area in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Initial samples were collected by citizen scientists recruited via social media, a relatively unusual approach for a sample collection project. Participants in the affected areas collected 63 usable samples from basements, gardens, roads, and beaches. Results indicate high levels of arsenic, lead, PCBs, and PAHs in an area approximately 800 feet south of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Superfund site at Newtown Creek. A location adjacent to the Gowanus Canal, another Superfund site, was found to have high PCB concentrations. Areas of high PAH contamination tended to be near high traffic areas or next to sites of known contamination. While contamination as a direct result of Hurricane Sandy cannot be demonstrated conclusively, the presence of high levels of contamination close to known contamination sites, evidence for co-contamination, and decrease in number of samples containing measureable amounts of semi-volatile compounds from samples collected at similar locations 9 months after the storm suggest that contaminated particles may have migrated to residential areas as a result of flooding. AU - Mandigo, Amy C. AU - DiScenza, Dana J. AU - Keimowitz, Alison R. AU - Fitzgerald, Neil DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s10653-015-9776-y IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-2983 SP - 1115-1124 ST - Chemical contamination of soils in the New York City area following Hurricane Sandy T2 - Environmental Geochemistry and Health TI - Chemical contamination of soils in the New York City area following Hurricane Sandy VL - 38 ID - 26202 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Mani, Muthukumara AU - Bandyopadhyay, Sushenjit AU - Chonabayashi, Shun AU - Markandya, Anil AU - Mosier, Thomas C4 - 4ac63226-2d2f-4ecd-b36b-65d37693e3e3 CY - Washington, DC PB - World Bank PY - 2018 SN - 978-1-4648-1155-5 SP - 101 ST - South Asia's Hotspots: Impacts of Temperature and Precipitation Changes on Living Standards T2 - South Asia Development Matters TI - South Asia's Hotspots: Impacts of Temperature and Precipitation Changes on Living Standards UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28723 ID - 26160 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Runoff from snowmelt is regarded as a vital water source for people and ecosystems throughout the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Numerous studies point to the threat global warming poses to the timing and magnitude of snow accumulation and melt. But analyses focused on snow supply do not show where changes to snowmelt runoff are likely to present the most pressing adaptation challenges, given sub-annual patterns of human water consumption and water availability from rainfall. We identify the AU - Mankin, Justin S. AU - Viviroli, Daniel AU - Singh, Deepti AU - Hoekstra, Arjen Y. AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114016 IS - 11 PY - 2015 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 114016 ST - The potential for snow to supply human water demand in the present and future T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - The potential for snow to supply human water demand in the present and future VL - 10 ID - 26492 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Mann, Bryan AU - Passe, Ulrike AU - Rabideau, Shannon AU - Takle, Eugene S. CY - Windsor, UK DA - 12-15 April 2012 PB - Network for Comfort and Energy Use in Buildings (NCEUB) PY - 2012 T2 - 7th Windsor Conference: The changing context of comfort in an unpredictable world TI - Future context for thermal comfort: Impact of a changing climate on energy demand and human thermal comfort UR - http://nceub.org.uk//w2012/pdfs/session5/W1285%20Passe.pdf ID - 25644 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mann, Daniel H. AU - Rupp, T. Scott AU - Olson, Mark A. AU - Duffy, Paul A. C1 - Full publication date: August 2012 IS - 3 PY - 2012 SN - 15230430, 19384246 SP - 319-331 ST - Is Alaska's boreal forest now crossing a major ecological threshold? T2 - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research TI - Is Alaska's boreal forest now crossing a major ecological threshold? UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/23252330 VL - 44 ID - 22246 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mann, Michael E. AU - Gleick, Peter H. DA - March 31, 2015 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1503667112 IS - 13 PY - 2015 SP - 3858-3859 ST - Climate change and California drought in the 21st century T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climate change and California drought in the 21st century VL - 112 ID - 19784 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mann, Michael E. AU - Rahmstorf, Stefan AU - Kornhuber, Kai AU - Steinman, Byron A. AU - Miller, Sonya K. AU - Coumou, Dim DA - 03/27/online DO - 10.1038/srep45242 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 45242 ST - Influence of anthropogenic climate change on planetary wave resonance and extreme weather events T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Influence of anthropogenic climate change on planetary wave resonance and extreme weather events VL - 7 ID - 23223 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Following the suggestions of a recent National Research Council report [NRC (National Research Council) (2006) Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years (Natl Acad Press, Washington, DC).], we reconstruct surface temperature at hemispheric and global scale for much of the last 2,000 years using a greatly expanded set of proxy data for decadal-to-centennial climate changes, recently updated instrumental data, and complementary methods that have been thoroughly tested and validated with model simulation experiments. Our results extend previous conclusions that recent Northern Hemisphere surface temperature increases are likely anomalous in a long-term context. Recent warmth appears anomalous for at least the past 1,300 years whether or not tree-ring data are used. If tree-ring data are used, the conclusion can be extended to at least the past 1,700 years, but with additional strong caveats. The reconstructed amplitude of change over past centuries is greater than hitherto reported, with somewhat greater Medieval warmth in the Northern Hemisphere, albeit still not reaching recent levels. AD - Mann, ME (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA; Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA; Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA; Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA; Roger Williams Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Bristol, RI 02809 USA AN - 48 AU - Mann, M.E. AU - Zhang, Z. AU - Hughes, M.K. AU - Bradley, R.S. AU - Miller, S.K. AU - Rutherford, S. AU - Ni, F. C6 - NCA DA - SEP 9 2008 DO - 10.1073/pnas.0805721105 IS - 36 KW - climate change; global warming; TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES; MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; FIELD RECONSTRUCTION; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; CENTURIES; ATLANTIC; SENSITIVITY; RESOLUTION LA - English PY - 2008 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 13252-13257 ST - Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia VL - 105 ID - 14367 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The costly interactions between humans and wildfires throughout California demonstrate the need to understand the relationships between them, especially in the face of a changing climate and expanding human communities. Although a number of statistical and process-based wildfire models exist for California, there is enormous uncertainty about the location and number of future fires, with previously published estimates of increases ranging from nine to fifty-three percent by the end of the century. Our goal is to assess the role of climate and anthropogenic influences on the state’s fire regimes from 1975 to 2050. We develop an empirical model that integrates estimates of biophysical indicators relevant to plant communities and anthropogenic influences at each forecast time step. Historically, we find that anthropogenic influences account for up to fifty percent of explanatory power in the model. We also find that the total area burned is likely to increase, with burned area expected to increase by 2.2 and 5.0 percent by 2050 under climatic bookends (PCM and GFDL climate models, respectively). Our two climate models show considerable agreement, but due to potential shifts in rainfall patterns, substantial uncertainty remains for the semiarid inland deserts and coastal areas of the south. Given the strength of human-related variables in some regions, however, it is clear that comprehensive projections of future fire activity should include both anthropogenic and biophysical influences. Previous findings of substantially increased numbers of fires and burned area for California may be tied to omitted variable bias from the exclusion of human influences. The omission of anthropogenic variables in our model would overstate the importance of climatic ones by at least 24%. As such, the failure to include anthropogenic effects in many models likely overstates the response of wildfire to climatic change. AU - Mann, Michael L. AU - Batllori, Enric AU - Moritz, Max A. AU - Waller, Eric K. AU - Berck, Peter AU - Flint, Alan L. AU - Flint, Lorraine E. AU - Dolfi, Emmalee DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0153589 IS - 4 PY - 2016 SP - e0153589 ST - Incorporating anthropogenic influences into fire probability models: Effects of human activity and climate change on fire activity in California T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Incorporating anthropogenic influences into fire probability models: Effects of human activity and climate change on fire activity in California VL - 11 ID - 23684 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Zika and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, including Ae. albopictus, which is abundant in many temperate cities. While disease risk is lower in temperate regions where viral amplification cannot build across years, there is significant potential for localized disease outbreaks in urban populations. We use a model informed by field data to assess the conditions likely to facilitate local transmission of virus from an infected traveler to Ae. albopictus and then to other humans in USA cities with variable human densities and seasonality. The model demonstrates that up to 50% of infectious travelers returning to the U.S. could initiate local transmission in temperate cities if are infectious and are exposed to high mosquito densities. This work highlights the need for high-resolution spatial data on Ae. albopictus density, biting behavior, and seasonality to better understand, predict and manage arboviral transmission risk in temperate cities. AU - Manore, Carrie A. AU - Ostfeld, Richard S. AU - Agusto, Folashade B. AU - Gaff, Holly AU - LaDeau, Shannon L. DO - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005255 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - e0005255 ST - Defining the risk of zika and chikungunya virus transmission in human population centers of the eastern United States T2 - PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases TI - Defining the risk of zika and chikungunya virus transmission in human population centers of the eastern United States VL - 11 ID - 25619 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Manteghi, Golnoosh AU - limit, Hasanuddin bin AU - Remaz, Dilshan DO - 10.5539/mas.v9n6p1 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SN - 1913-1844 1913-1852 ST - Water bodies an urban microclimate: A review T2 - Modern Applied Science TI - Water bodies an urban microclimate: A review VL - 9 ID - 25029 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mantua, N. AU - Tohver, I. AU - Hamlet, A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-010-9845-2 IS - 1 PY - 2010 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 187-223 ST - Climate change impacts on streamflow extremes and summertime stream temperature and their possible consequences for freshwater salmon habitat in Washington State T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change impacts on streamflow extremes and summertime stream temperature and their possible consequences for freshwater salmon habitat in Washington State VL - 102 ID - 14373 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mantua, N.J. AU - Hare, S.R. AU - Zhang, Y. AU - Wallace, J.M. AU - Francis, R.C. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1069:APICOW>2.0.CO;2 IS - 6 PY - 1997 SN - 0003-0007 SP - 1069-1080 ST - A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production VL - 78 ID - 14374 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Manzello, Derek P. DA - 11/16/online DO - 10.1038/srep16762 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SP - Article 16762 ST - Rapid recent warming of coral reefs in the Florida Keys T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Rapid recent warming of coral reefs in the Florida Keys VL - 5 ID - 24349 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Glynn, Peter W. A2 - Manzello, Derek P. A2 - Enochs, Ian C. AB - Eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) coral reefs provide a real-world example of reef growth, development, structure, and function under the high-pCO2, low aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) conditions expected for the entire tropical surface ocean with a doubling to tripling of atmospheric CO2. This provides a unique opportunity to examine various aspects of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) budgets in low-Ωarag conditions in the present day. Unlike anywhere else in the world, the ETP displays a continuum of thermal stress and CO2 inputs up to levels at which reef building is terminated and reef structures are lost. The response of coral reef CaCO3 budgets to El Niño warming across the ETP shows that reefs can be completely lost after experiencing a 2–3 °C thermal anomaly sustained in excess of two months during the warmest time of the year at Ωarag values expected for the rest of the tropics when atmospheric CO2 doubles. ETP coral reefs have persisted and shown resilience to this level of thermal stress or acidification when acting alone, but the combination of the two corresponded with the complete elimination of reef framework structures in the southern Galápagos Islands over the decade after the 1982–83 El Niño warming event. Reef carbonate degradation is exacerbated also by diverse agents of bioerosion such as sea urchins, boring bivalves, and excavating sponges, with experimental evidence demonstrating that the latter may even increase their activities during ocean warming and pH decline. This chapter reviews the CaCO3 budget of ETP coral reefs and discusses how a high-CO2 world may impact the major biotic and abiotic factors responsible for the cycling of carbonate materials. Coral reefs of the ETP serve as a model for conditions that will occur in other regions within a few decades. AU - Manzello, Derek P. AU - Mark Eakin, C. AU - Glynn, Peter W. C4 - 8c2b8977-79a8-4ba0-9211-a94fb2864042 CY - Dordrecht DO - 10.1007/978-94-017-7499-4_18 PB - Springer Netherlands PY - 2017 SN - 978-94-017-7499-4 SP - 517-533 ST - Effects of global warming and ocean acidification on carbonate budgets of eastern Pacific coral reefs SV - Coral Reefs of the World vol.8 T2 - Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific: Persistence and Loss in a Dynamic Environment TI - Effects of global warming and ocean acidification on carbonate budgets of eastern Pacific coral reefs ID - 24878 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mao, Dazhi AU - Cherkauer, Keith A. DA - 2009/07/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.016 IS - 1 KW - Land-use change Hydrologic responses Evapotranspiration Runoff PY - 2009 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 71-82 ST - Impacts of land-use change on hydrologic responses in the Great Lakes region T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Impacts of land-use change on hydrologic responses in the Great Lakes region VL - 374 ID - 21145 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mao, Yixin AU - Nijssen, Bart AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis P. DO - 10.1002/2015GL063456 IS - 8 KW - California drought climate change hydrologic model 1812 Drought 1807 Climate impacts 1817 Extreme events 1833 Hydroclimatology PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 2805-2813 ST - Is climate change implicated in the 2013–2014 California drought? A hydrologic perspective T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Is climate change implicated in the 2013–2014 California drought? A hydrologic perspective VL - 42 ID - 19563 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marcinkowski, Kailey AU - Peterson, David L. AU - Ettl, Gregory J. DA - 2015/06/01 DO - 10.1139/cjfr-2014-0231 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SN - 0045-5067 SP - 676-688 ST - Nonstationary temporal response of mountain hemlock growth to climatic variability in the North Cascade Range, Washington, USA T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research TI - Nonstationary temporal response of mountain hemlock growth to climatic variability in the North Cascade Range, Washington, USA VL - 45 Y2 - 2017/10/17 ID - 21974 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Evaluation of the potential response of parasites of aquatic organisms to climate change illustrates the complexity of host–parasite relationships and the difficulty of making accurate predictions for these biological systems. In recent years, trematodes have proven to be a useful model to evaluate potential effects of climate change on host–parasite systems. In the first part of this article, I review and summarize results from the recent use of trematodes and specifically their early life cycle stages in testing effects of temperature and other climate-driven variables on life history traits and host–parasite interactions. However, metazoan parasites in aquatic systems respond directly to changes in temperature and also to changes in other climate-driven abiotic parameters that are mediated directly on the parasite or indirectly through changes in the distribution and abundance of their hosts. In addition, though most research to date has focused on the effects of temperature, it is imperative to explore effects of precipitation, eutrophication, acidification, water levels and flow rates, habitat loss and fragmentation, extreme weather, and other forms of anthropogenic interference on the distribution of both hosts and parasites, as these biotic and abiotic factors and stressors do not operate independently of climate. In the second part of this article, the effects of some of these factors derived from our own field studies, as well as other investigations both in the laboratory and the field, on the distribution, abundance, and community structure of parasites in aquatic ecosystems will be reviewed and discussed. AU - Marcogliese, David J. DO - 10.1093/icb/icw036 IS - 4 N1 - 10.1093/icb/icw036 PY - 2016 SN - 1540-7063 SP - 611-619 ST - The distribution and abundance of parasites in aquatic ecosystems in a changing climate: More than just temperature T2 - Integrative and Comparative Biology TI - The distribution and abundance of parasites in aquatic ecosystems in a changing climate: More than just temperature VL - 56 ID - 24879 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this paper we review and update detection and attribution studies in sea level and its major contributors during the past decades. Tide gauge records reveal that the observed twentieth-century global and regional sea level rise is out of the bounds of its natural variability, evidencing thus a human fingerprint in the reported trends. The signal varies regionally, and it partly depends on the magnitude of the background variability. The human fingerprint is also manifested in the contributors of sea level for which observations are available, namely ocean thermal expansion and glaciers’ mass loss, which dominated the global sea level rise over the twentieth century. Attribution studies provide evidence that the trends in both components are clearly dominated by anthropogenic forcing over the second half of the twentieth century. In the earlier decades, there is a lack of observations hampering an improved attribution of causes to the observed sea level rise. At certain locations along the coast, the human influence is exacerbated by local coastal activities that induce land subsidence and increase the risk of sea level-related hazards. AU - Marcos, Marta AU - Marzeion, Ben AU - Dangendorf, Sönke AU - Slangen, Aimée B. A. AU - Palanisamy, Hindumathi AU - Fenoglio-Marc, Luciana DO - 10.1007/s10712-016-9373-3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-0956 SP - 329–348 ST - Internal variability versus anthropogenic forcing on sea level and its components T2 - Surveys in Geophysics TI - Internal variability versus anthropogenic forcing on sea level and its components VL - 38 ID - 19956 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Surface temperature reconstructions of the past 1500 years suggest that recent warming is unprecedented in that time. Here we provide a broader perspective by reconstructing regional and global temperature anomalies for the past 11,300 years from 73 globally distributed records. Early Holocene (10,000 to 5000 years ago) warmth is followed by ~0.7°C cooling through the middle to late Holocene (<5000 years ago), culminating in the coolest temperatures of the Holocene during the Little Ice Age, about 200 years ago. This cooling is largely associated with ~2°C change in the North Atlantic. Current global temperatures of the past decade have not yet exceeded peak interglacial values but are warmer than during ~75% of the Holocene temperature history. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change model projections for 2100 exceed the full distribution of Holocene temperature under all plausible greenhouse gas emission scenarios. AU - Marcott, Shaun A. AU - Shakun, Jeremy D. AU - Clark, Peter U. AU - Mix, Alan C. C6 - NCA DA - March 8, 2013 DO - 10.1126/science.1228026 IS - 6124 PY - 2013 SP - 1198-1201 ST - A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years T2 - Science TI - A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years VL - 339 ID - 14377 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Marcouiller, Dave AU - Mace, Terry CY - Madison, WI NV - G3694 RP-10/05 PB - University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension PY - 2005 SP - 43 ST - Forests and Regional Development: Economic Impacts of Woodland Use For Recreation and Timber in Wisconsin TI - Forests and Regional Development: Economic Impacts of Woodland Use For Recreation and Timber in Wisconsin UR - http://learningstore.uwex.edu/Assets/pdfs/G3694.pdf ID - 21273 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Marcy, Douglas AU - Brooks, William AU - Draganov, Kyle AU - Hadley, Brian AU - Haynes, Chris AU - Herold, Nate AU - McCombs, John AU - Pendleton, Matt AU - Ryan, Sean AU - Schmid, Keil AU - Sutherland, Mike AU - Waters, Kirk C4 - 1aaf9c59-8a8a-4450-af56-8023fa2f7dc5 DO - 10.1061/41185(417)42 PY - 2011 SN - 9780784411858 SP - 474-490 ST - New mapping tool and techniques for visualizing sea level rise and coastal flooding impacts T2 - Solutions to Coastal Disasters 2011 TI - New mapping tool and techniques for visualizing sea level rise and coastal flooding impacts ID - 21899 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study estimates the predicted impact of climate change on levels of violence in a sample of 57 countries. We sample western and non-western countries and perform a multilevel ARFIMA regression to examine if warmer temperatures are associated with higher levels of homicide. Our results indicate that each degree Celsius increase in annual temperatures is associated with a nearly 6 % average increase in homicides. Regional variation in this predicted effect is detected, for example, with no apparent effects in former Soviet countries and far stronger effects found in Africa. Such variation indicates that climate change may acutely increase violence in areas that already are affected by higher levels of homicides and other social dislocations. AU - Mares, Dennis M. AU - Moffett, Kenneth W. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-015-1566-0 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 297-310 ST - Climate change and interpersonal violence: A “global” estimate and regional inequities T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change and interpersonal violence: A “global” estimate and regional inequities VL - 135 ID - 24076 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maresch, Wayne AU - Walbridge, Mark R. AU - Kugler, Daniel DA - November 1, 2008 DO - 10.2489/jswc.63.6.198A IS - 6 PY - 2008 SP - 198A-203A ST - Enhancing conservation on agricultural landscapes: A new direction for the Conservation Effects Assessment Project T2 - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation TI - Enhancing conservation on agricultural landscapes: A new direction for the Conservation Effects Assessment Project VL - 63 ID - 26127 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Making decisions and efficiently allocating resources to reduce the vulnerability of coastal communities requires, among other things, an understanding of the factors that make a society vulnerable to climate and coastal hazards. One way of doing this is through the analysis of spatial data. We demonstrate how to apply GIS methods to spatially represent socioeconomic vulnerability in Grenada, a tropical small island developing state (SIDS) in the Eastern Caribbean. Our model combines spatial features representing variables of social sensitivity, community adaptive capacity, and community exposure to flooding in an integrated vulnerability index. We draw from the fields of climate change adaptation, disaster management, and poverty and development to select our variables enabling unique, cross sector, applications of our assessment. Mapping our results illustrates that vulnerability to flooding is not evenly distributed across the country and is not driven by the same factors in all areas of Grenada. This indicates a need for the implementation of different strategies in communities across Grenada to help effectively reduce vulnerability to climate and coastal hazards. The approach presented in this paper can be used to address national issues on climate change adaptation, disaster management, and poverty and development and more effectively utilize funds in order to reduce community vulnerability to natural hazards today and in the future. AU - Margles Weis, Shawn W. AU - Agostini, Vera N. AU - Roth, Lynnette M. AU - Gilmer, Ben AU - Schill, Steven R. AU - Knowles, John English AU - Blyther, Ruth DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1642-0 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 615-629 ST - Assessing vulnerability: An integrated approach for mapping adaptive capacity, sensitivity, and exposure T2 - Climatic Change TI - Assessing vulnerability: An integrated approach for mapping adaptive capacity, sensitivity, and exposure VL - 136 ID - 24641 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wildfire is increasingly a concern in the USA, where 10 million acres burned in 2015. Climate is a primary driver of wildfire, and understanding fire-climate relationships is crucial for informing fire management and modeling the effects of climate change on fire. In the southwestern USA, fire-climate relationships have been informed by tree-ring data that extend centuries prior to the onset of fire exclusion in the late 1800s. Variability in cool-season precipitation has been linked to fire occurrence, but the effects of the summer North American monsoon on fire are less understood, as are the effects of climate on fire seasonality. We use a new set of reconstructions for cool-season (October–April) and monsoon-season (July–August) moisture conditions along with a large new fire scar dataset to examine relationships between multi-seasonal climate variability, fire extent, and fire seasonality in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico (1599–1899 CE). Results suggest that large fires burning in all seasons are strongly influenced by the current year cool-season moisture, but fires burning mid-summer to fall are also influenced by monsoon moisture. Wet conditions several years prior to the fire year during the cool season, and to a lesser extent during the monsoon season, are also important for spring through late-summer fires. Persistent cool-season drought longer than 3 years may inhibit fires due to the lack of moisture to replenish surface fuels. This suggests that fuels may become increasingly limiting for fire occurrence in semi-arid regions that are projected to become drier with climate change. AU - Margolis, E. Q. AU - Woodhouse, C. A. AU - Swetnam, T. W. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1958-4 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 433-446 ST - Drought, multi-seasonal climate, and wildfire in northern New Mexico T2 - Climatic Change TI - Drought, multi-seasonal climate, and wildfire in northern New Mexico VL - 142 ID - 23557 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Pinkerton, Kent E. A2 - Rom, William N. AU - Margolis, Helene G. C4 - d66b7bc2-05ee-4b9a-ace3-d73e20d2750f CY - New York, NY DO - 10.1007/978-1-4614-8417-2_6 PB - Humana Press PY - 2014 SN - 978-1-4614-8416-5 SP - 85-120 ST - Heat waves and rising temperatures: Human health impacts and the determinants of vulnerability SV - Respiratory Medicine 7 T2 - Global Climate Change and Public Health TI - Heat waves and rising temperatures: Human health impacts and the determinants of vulnerability ID - 23817 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Marino, Elizabeth C4 - 8e22db4a-527d-4d0f-bf59-f380a17d250b CY - Fairbanks, AK PB - University of Alaska Press PY - 2015 SN - 1602232660 978-1602232662 SP - 122 ST - Fierce Climate, Sacred Ground: An Ethnography of Climate Change in Shishmaref, Alaska TI - Fierce Climate, Sacred Ground: An Ethnography of Climate Change in Shishmaref, Alaska ID - 24981 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marino, Elizabeth DA - 2018/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.01.002 KW - Voluntary buyouts Adaptation Sea level rise Indigenous communities White privilege PY - 2018 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 10-13 ST - Adaptation privilege and Voluntary Buyouts: Perspectives on ethnocentrism in sea level rise relocation and retreat policies in the US T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Adaptation privilege and Voluntary Buyouts: Perspectives on ethnocentrism in sea level rise relocation and retreat policies in the US VL - 49 ID - 25356 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marino, Elizabeth AU - Lazrus, Heather DO - 10.17730/0018-7259-74.4.341 IS - 4 KW - migration,forced displacement,disasters,climate change PY - 2015 SP - 341-350 ST - Migration or forced displacement?: The complex choices of climate change and disaster migrants in Shishmaref, Alaska and Nanumea, Tuvalu T2 - Human Organization TI - Migration or forced displacement?: The complex choices of climate change and disaster migrants in Shishmaref, Alaska and Nanumea, Tuvalu VL - 74 ID - 24934 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marinucci, Gino AU - Luber, George AU - Uejio, Christopher AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Hess, Jeremy DO - 10.3390/ijerph110606433 IS - 6 PY - 2014 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 6433 ST - Building resilience against climate effects—A novel framework to facilitate climate readiness in public health agencies T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Building resilience against climate effects—A novel framework to facilitate climate readiness in public health agencies VL - 11 ID - 23818 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marjanac, Sophie AU - Patton, Lindene AU - Thornton, James DA - 08/28/online DO - 10.1038/ngeo3019 PY - 2017 SP - 616-619 ST - Acts of God, human influence and litigation T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Acts of God, human influence and litigation VL - 10 ID - 25620 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Markell, David L IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 1-58 ST - Emerging legal and institutional responses to sea-level rise in Florida and beyond T2 - Columbia Journal of Environmental Law TI - Emerging legal and institutional responses to sea-level rise in Florida and beyond UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2765569 VL - 42 ID - 22611 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Markham, Adam AU - Osipova, Elena AU - Lafrenz Samuels, Kathryn AU - Caldas, Astrid CY - Nairobi, Kenya; Paris, France KW - added by ERG N1 - ISBN UNEP: 978-92-807-3573-4 ISBN UNESCO: 978-92-3-100152-9 PB - UNESCO and UNEP PY - 2016 RP - ISBN UNEP: 978-92-807-3573-4 ISBN UNESCO: 978-92-3-100152-9 SP - 104 ST - World Heritage and Tourism in a Changing Climate TI - World Heritage and Tourism in a Changing Climate UR - http://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/883/ ID - 23174 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Markon, C. AU - Gray, S. AU - Berman, M. AU - Eerkes-Medrano, L. AU - Hennessy, T. AU - Huntington, H. AU - Littell, J. AU - McCammon, M. AU - Thoman, R. AU - Traino, S. C4 - e880adc2-eaca-4a27-8d57-8782c9e38a71 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH26 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 26 SP - xxx ST - Alaska T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Alaska ID - 26663 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Márquez, Isabel AU - García-Vázquez, Eva AU - Borrell, Yaisel J. DA - 2014/07/20/ DO - 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.12.030 KW - Vaccinations Disease evolution PY - 2014 SN - 0044-8486 SP - 118-123 ST - Possible effects of vaccination and environmental changes on the presence of disease in northern Spanish fish farms T2 - Aquaculture TI - Possible effects of vaccination and environmental changes on the presence of disease in northern Spanish fish farms VL - 431 ID - 23409 ER - TY - RPRT A4 - Information, NOAA NESDIS National Centers for Environmental AU - Marra, John AU - Merrifield, Mark AU - Sweet, William CY - Alexandria, VA NV - SERDP Project RC-2335 PB - Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) PY - 2015 SP - 55 ST - Advancing Best Practices for the Formulation of Localized Sea Level Rise/Coastal Inundation Extremes' Scenarios for Military Installations in the Pacific Islands TI - Advancing Best Practices for the Formulation of Localized Sea Level Rise/Coastal Inundation Extremes' Scenarios for Military Installations in the Pacific Islands UR - http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=AD1022212 ID - 22108 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Marra, John J. AU - Kruk, Michael C. PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) PY - 2017 SP - 82 ST - State of Environmental Conditions in Hawaii and the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands Under a Changing Climate: 2017 TI - State of Environmental Conditions in Hawaii and the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands Under a Changing Climate: 2017 UR - https://statesummaries.ncics.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/PI_State_of_the_Environment_2017.pdf ID - 25868 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Extreme heat is a significant public health challenge in urban environments that disproportionally impacts vulnerable members of society. In this research, demographic, economic and climate projections are brought together with a statistical approach linking extreme heat and mortality in Houston, Texas. The sensitivity of heat-related non-accidental mortality to future changes of demographics, income and climate is explored. We compare climate change outcomes associated with two different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, which describe alternate future scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions and concentrations. For each RCP, we explore demographic and economic scenarios for two plausible Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), SSP3 and SSP5. Our findings suggest that non-accidental mortality in 2061–2080 may increase for all combinations of RCP and SSP scenarios compared to a historical reference period spanning 1991–2010. Notably, increased heat-related non-accidental mortality is associated with changes in the size and age of the population, but the degree of sensitivity is highly uncertain given the breadth of plausible socioeconomic scenarios. Beyond socioeconomic changes, climate change is also important. For each socioeconomic scenario, non-accidental mortality associated with the lower emissions RCP4.5 scenario is projected to be 50 % less than mortality projected under the higher emissions RCP8.5 scenario. AU - Marsha, A. AU - Sain, S. R. AU - Heaton, M. J. AU - Monaghan, A. J. AU - Wilhelmi, O.V. DA - August 30 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1775-1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 ST - Influences of climatic and population changes on heat-related mortality in Houston, Texas, USA T2 - Climatic Change TI - Influences of climatic and population changes on heat-related mortality in Houston, Texas, USA ID - 23558 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marshall, Curtis H. AU - Pielke Sr., Roger A. AU - Steyaert, Louis T. AU - Willard, Debra A. DO - 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0028:TIOALC>2.0.CO;2 IS - 1 PY - 2004 SN - 1520-0493 SP - 28-52 ST - The impact of anthropogenic land-cover change on the Florida peninsula sea breezes and warm season sensible weather T2 - Monthly Weather Review TI - The impact of anthropogenic land-cover change on the Florida peninsula sea breezes and warm season sensible weather VL - 132 ID - 22612 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Marshall, Elizabeth AU - Aillery, Marcel AU - Malcolm, Scott AU - Williams, Ryan CY - Washington, DC NV - Economic Research Report No. (ERR-201) PB - USDA Economic Research Service PY - 2015 SP - 119 ST - Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and Adaptation in the U.S. Fieldcrop Sector TI - Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and Adaptation in the U.S. Fieldcrop Sector UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=45496 ID - 23629 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Efforts to restore ecosystems often focus on reintroducing apex predators to re-establish coevolved relationships among predators, herbivores and plants. The preponderance of evidence for indirect effects of predators on terrestrial plant communities comes from ecosystems where predators have been removed. Far less is known about the consequences of their restoration. The effects of removal and restoration are unlikely to be symmetrical because removing predators can create feedbacks that reinforce the effects of predator loss. Observational studies have suggested that the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park initiated dramatic restoration of riparian ecosystems by releasing willows from excessive browsing by elk. Here, we present results from a decade-long experiment in Yellowstone showing that moderating browsing alone was not sufficient to restore riparian zones along small streams. Instead, restoration of willow communities depended on removing browsing and restoring hydrological conditions that prevailed before the removal of wolves. The 70-year absence of predators from the ecosystem changed the disturbance regime in a way that was not reversed by predator reintroduction. We conclude that predator restoration may not quickly repair effects of predator removal in ecosystems. AU - Marshall, Kristin N. AU - Hobbs, N. Thompson AU - Cooper, David J. DO - 10.1098/rspb.2012.2977 IS - 1756 PY - 2013 ST - Stream hydrology limits recovery of riparian ecosystems after wolf reintroduction T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Stream hydrology limits recovery of riparian ecosystems after wolf reintroduction VL - 280 ID - 25288 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marshall, Kristin N. AU - Kaplan, Isaac C. AU - Hodgson, Emma E. AU - Hermann, Albert AU - Busch, D. Shallin AU - McElhany, Paul AU - Essington, Timothy E. AU - Harvey, Chris J. AU - Fulton, Elizabeth A. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13594 IS - 4 KW - California Current climate change ecosystem model fisheries ocean acidification risk assessment PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1525-1539 ST - Risks of ocean acidification in the California Current food web and fisheries: Ecosystem model projections T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Risks of ocean acidification in the California Current food web and fisheries: Ecosystem model projections VL - 23 ID - 24880 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marshall, N. A. DA - 2010/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.10.003 IS - 1 KW - Climate change Adaptive capacity Adoption Decision-making Seasonal climate forecasts Vulnerability PY - 2010 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 36-43 ST - Understanding social resilience to climate variability in primary enterprises and industries T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Understanding social resilience to climate variability in primary enterprises and industries VL - 20 ID - 23559 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marshall, Nadine A. AU - Smajgl, Alex DA - 2013/01/01/ DO - 10.2111/REM-D-11-00176.1 IS - 1 KW - cattle industry practice change social resilience social typologies sustainable practices vulnerability PY - 2013 SN - 1550-7424 SP - 88-94 ST - Understanding variability in adaptive capacity on rangelands T2 - Rangeland Ecology & Management TI - Understanding variability in adaptive capacity on rangelands VL - 66 ID - 21594 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Martin, Julien AU - Runge, Michael C. AU - Nichols, James D. AU - Lubow, Bruce C. AU - Kendall, William L. DO - 10.1890/08-0255.1 IS - 5 KW - adaptive resource management ecological thresholds patch occupancy models stochastic dynamic programming structured decision making PY - 2009 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 1079-1090 ST - Structured decision making as a conceptual framework to identify thresholds for conservation and management T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Structured decision making as a conceptual framework to identify thresholds for conservation and management VL - 19 ID - 21741 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Martin, Joe H. AU - McEachron, Lawrence W. CY - Austin, TX NV - Management Data Series No. 118 PB - Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Coastal Fisheries Division PY - 1996 SP - 20 ST - Historical Annotated Review of Winter Kills of Marine Organisms in Texas Bays TI - Historical Annotated Review of Winter Kills of Marine Organisms in Texas Bays UR - https://tpwd.texas.gov/publications/pwdpubs/media/mds_coastal/Series%202_MDS118.pdf ID - 24410 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Martinich, Jeremy AU - Crimmins, Allison AU - Beach, Robert H. AU - Thomson, Allison AU - McFarland, James DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa6f23 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 060301 ST - Focus on agriculture and forestry benefits of reducing climate change impacts T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Focus on agriculture and forestry benefits of reducing climate change impacts VL - 12 ID - 24479 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Martinich, J. AU - DeAngelo, B.J. AU - Diaz, D. AU - Ekwurzel, B. AU - Franco, G. AU - Frisch, C. AU - McFarland, J. AU - O’Neill, B. C4 - 149bfdb2-8277-46f7-acd0-18dd23fcd9d2 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH29 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 29 SP - xxx ST - Reducing Risks Through Emissions Mitigation T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Reducing Risks Through Emissions Mitigation ID - 26666 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Martinich, J. AU - Neumann, J. AU - Ludwig, L. AU - Jantarasami, L. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s11027-011-9356-0 PY - 2013 SN - 1381-2386 SP - 169-185 ST - Risks of sea level rise to disadvantaged communities in the United States T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - Risks of sea level rise to disadvantaged communities in the United States VL - 18 ID - 14390 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Martín-López, Berta AU - Gómez-Baggethun, Erik AU - García-Llorente, Marina AU - Montes, Carlos DA - 2014/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.03.003 KW - Indicators Quantitative evaluation Social–ecological system Trade-offs Value-articulating institutions Value pluralism PY - 2014 SN - 1470-160X SP - 220-228 ST - Trade-offs across value-domains in ecosystem services assessment T2 - Ecological Indicators TI - Trade-offs across value-domains in ecosystem services assessment VL - 37 ID - 25705 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Modelling studies predicted that climate change will have strong impacts on the coffee crop, although no information on the effective impact of elevated CO2 on this plant exists. Here, we aim at providing a first glimpse on the effect of the combined impact of enhanced [CO2] and high temperature on the leaf mineral content and balance on this important tropical crop. Potted plants from two genotypes of Coffea arabica (cv. Icatu and IPR 108) and one from C. canephora (cv. Conilon Clone 153) were grown under 380 or 700 μL CO2 L−1 air, for 1 year, after which were exposed to an stepwise increase in temperature from 25/20 °C (day/night) up to 42/34 °C, over 8 weeks. Leaf macro − (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) concentrations were analyzed at 25/20 °C (control), 31/25 °C, 37/30 °C and 42/34 °C. At the control temperature, the 700 μL L−1 grown plants showed a moderate dilution effect (between 7 % and 25 %) in CL 153 (for N, Mg, Ca, Fe) and Icatu (for N, K and Fe), but not in IPR 108 (except for Fe) when compared to the 380 μL L−1 plants. For temperatures higher than control most nutrients tended to increase, frequently presenting maximal contents at 42/34 °C (or 37/30 °C), although the relation between [CO2] treatments did not appreciably change. Such increases offset the few dilution effects observed under high growth [CO2] at 25/20 °C. No clear species responses were found considering [CO2] and temperature impacts, although IPR 108 seemed less sensitive to [CO2]. Despite the changes promoted by [CO2] and heat, the large majority of mineral ratios were kept within a range considered adequate, suggesting that this plant can maintain mineral balances in a context of climate changes and global warming. AU - Martins, Lima D. AU - Tomaz, Marcelo A. AU - Lidon, Fernando C. AU - DaMatta, Fábio M. AU - Ramalho, José C. DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1236-7 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 365-379 ST - Combined effects of elevated [CO2] and high temperature on leaf mineral balance in Coffea spp. plants T2 - Climatic Change TI - Combined effects of elevated [CO2] and high temperature on leaf mineral balance in Coffea spp. plants VL - 126 ID - 24112 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marvel, Kate AU - Schmidt, Gavin A. AU - Miller, Ron L. AU - Nazarenko, Larissa S. DA - 04//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2888 IS - 4 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 386-389 ST - Implications for climate sensitivity from the response to individual forcings T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Implications for climate sensitivity from the response to individual forcings VL - 6 ID - 20834 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marx, Melissa A. AU - Rodriguez, Carla V. AU - Greenko, Jane AU - Das, Debjani AU - Heffernan, Richard AU - Karpati, Adam M. AU - Mostashari, Farzad AU - Balter, Sharon AU - Layton, Marcelle AU - Weiss, Don DO - 10.2105/ajph.2004.061358 IS - 3 N1 - Ch6 PY - 2006 SN - 0090-0036 1541-0048 SP - 547-553 ST - Diarrheal illness detected through syndromic surveillance after a massive power outage: New York City, August 2003 T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Diarrheal illness detected through syndromic surveillance after a massive power outage: New York City, August 2003 VL - 96 ID - 17926 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Humans are now the biggest cause of glacier melting. Until recently, that was not true. Glaciers take a long time—decades to centuries—to respond to the environmental changes that control their sizes. They have been retreating gradually from the peak levels they reached in the middle of the 19th century, at the end of a 500-year-long cold period called the Little Ice Age. Marzeion et al. show that that has recently changed though, as climate warming has continued: Over the past 20 or so years, the anthropogenic contribution to glacial mass loss has increased markedly (see the Perspective by Marshall).Science, this issue p. 919; see also p. 872 The ongoing global glacier retreat is affecting human societies by causing sea-level rise, changing seasonal water availability, and increasing geohazards. Melting glaciers are an icon of anthropogenic climate change. However, glacier response times are typically decades or longer, which implies that the present-day glacier retreat is a mixed response to past and current natural climate variability and current anthropogenic forcing. Here we show that only 25 ± 35% of the global glacier mass loss during the period from 1851 to 2010 is attributable to anthropogenic causes. Nevertheless, the anthropogenic signal is detectable with high confidence in glacier mass balance observations during 1991 to 2010, and the anthropogenic fraction of global glacier mass loss during that period has increased to 69 ± 24%.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/345/6199/919.full.pdf AU - Marzeion, Ben AU - Cogley, J. Graham AU - Richter, Kristin AU - Parkes, David DO - 10.1126/science.1254702 IS - 6199 PY - 2014 SP - 919-921 ST - Attribution of global glacier mass loss to anthropogenic and natural causes T2 - Science TI - Attribution of global glacier mass loss to anthropogenic and natural causes VL - 345 ID - 19959 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Marzin, Charline AU - Rahmat, Raizan AU - Bernie, Dan AU - Bricheno, Lucy AU - Buonomo, Erasmo AU - Calvert, Daley AU - Cannaby, Heather AU - Chan, Steven AU - Chattopadhyay, Mohar AU - Cheong, Wee-Kiong AU - Hassim, Muhammad Eeqmal AU - Gohar, Laila AU - Golding, Nicola AU - Gordon, Chris AU - Gregory, Jonathan AU - Hein, David AU - Hines, Adrian AU - Howard, Tom AU - Janes, Tamara AU - Jones, Richard AU - Kendon, Elisabeth AU - Krijnen, Justin AU - Lee, Shao-Yi AU - Lim, See-Yee AU - Lo, Chun Fung AU - Lowe, Jason AU - Martin, Gill AU - McBeath, Kirsty AU - McInnes, Kathleen AU - McSweeney, Carol AU - Mizielinski, Matthew AU - Murphy, James AU - O’Neill, Claire AU - Palmer, Matthew AU - Redmond, Grace AU - Roberts, Chris AU - Sahany, Sandeep AU - Sanderson, Michael AU - Scannel, Claire AU - Sexton, David AU - Shaw, Felicia AU - Slingo, Julia AU - Sun, Xiangming AU - Tinker, Jonathan AU - Tucker, Simon AU - Wang, Chang AU - Webster, Stuart AU - Wilson, Simon AU - Wood, Richard AU - Zhang, Sijin PB - Meteorological Service Singapore PY - 2015 SP - various ST - Singapore’s Second National Climate Change Study—Phase 1 TI - Singapore’s Second National Climate Change Study—Phase 1 UR - http://ccrs.weather.gov.sg/publications-second-national-climate-change-study-science-reports ID - 26007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mase, Amber Saylor AU - Gramig, Benjamin M. AU - Prokopy, Linda Stalker DA - 2017/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2016.11.004 KW - Agriculture Risk management Climate change Adaptation behavior PY - 2017 SN - 2212-0963 SP - 8-17 ST - Climate change beliefs, risk perceptions, and adaptation behavior among midwestern U.S. crop farmers T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - Climate change beliefs, risk perceptions, and adaptation behavior among midwestern U.S. crop farmers VL - 15 ID - 23560 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effects of climate change on north temperate freshwater ecosystems include increasing water temperatures and decreasing ice cover. Here we compare those trends in the Laurentian Great Lakes at three spatial scales to evaluate how warming varies across the surface of these massive inland water bodies. We compiled seasonal ice cover duration (1973–2013) and lake summer surface water temperatures (LSSWT; 1994–2013), and analyzed spatial patterns and trends at lake-wide, lake sub-basin, and fine spatial scales and compared those to reported lake- and basin-wide trends. At the lake-wide scale we found declining ice duration and warming LSSWT patterns consistent with previous studies. At the lake sub-basin scale, our statistical models identified distinct warming trends within each lake that included significant breakpoints in ice duration for 13 sub-basins, consistent linear declines in 11 sub-basins, and no trends in 4 sub-basins. At the finest scale, we found that the northern- and eastern-most portions of each Great Lake, especially in nearshore areas, have experienced faster rates of LSSWT warming and shortening ice duration than those previously reported from trends at the lake scale. We conclude that lake-level analyses mask significant spatial and temporal variation in warming patterns within the Laurentian Great Lakes. Recognizing spatial variability in rates of change can inform both mechanistic modeling of ecosystem responses and planning for long-term management of these large freshwater ecosystems. AU - Mason, Lacey A. AU - Riseng, Catherine M. AU - Gronewold, Andrew D. AU - Rutherford, Edward S. AU - Wang, Jia AU - Clites, Anne AU - Smith, Sigrid D. P. AU - McIntyre, Peter B. DA - September 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1721-2 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 71-83 ST - Fine-scale spatial variation in ice cover and surface temperature trends across the surface of the Laurentian Great Lakes T2 - Climatic Change TI - Fine-scale spatial variation in ice cover and surface temperature trends across the surface of the Laurentian Great Lakes VL - 138 ID - 21117 ER - TY - WEB AU - Massachusetts CZM PB - Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) PY - 2018 ST - StormSmart Coasts Program [web site] TI - StormSmart Coasts Program [web site] UR - https://www.mass.gov/stormsmart-coasts-program ID - 26690 ER - TY - WEB AU - Massachusetts Wildlife PB - University of Massachusetts Amherst PY - 2017 ST - Climate Action Tool [web site] TI - Climate Action Tool [web site] UR - https://climateactiontool.org/ ID - 26691 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Masson, V. AU - Marchadier, C. AU - Adolphe, L. AU - Aguejdad, R. AU - Avner, P. AU - Bonhomme, M. AU - Bretagne, G. AU - Briottet, X. AU - Bueno, B. AU - de Munck, C. AU - Doukari, O. AU - Hallegatte, S. AU - Hidalgo, J. AU - Houet, T. AU - Le Bras, J. AU - Lemonsu, A. AU - Long, N. AU - Moine, M. P. AU - Morel, T. AU - Nolorgues, L. AU - Pigeon, G. AU - Salagnac, J. L. AU - Viguié, V. AU - Zibouche, K. DA - 2014/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.uclim.2014.03.004 KW - Systemic modelling Urban Heat Island Adaptation Cities Climate Change PY - 2014 SN - 2212-0955 SP - 407-429 ST - Adapting cities to climate change: A systemic modelling approach T2 - Urban Climate TI - Adapting cities to climate change: A systemic modelling approach VL - 10 ID - 24350 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Masson-Delmotte, V. AU - Schulz, M. AU - Abe-Ouchi, A. AU - Beer, J. AU - Ganopolski, A. AU - González Rouco, J.F. AU - Jansen, E. AU - Lambeck, K. AU - Luterbacher, J. AU - Naish, T. AU - Osborn, T. AU - Otto-Bliesner, B. AU - Quinn, T. AU - Ramesh, R. AU - Rojas, M. AU - Shao, X. AU - Timmermann, A. C4 - 6f4c1264-ab24-4802-9171-ea967deecc6c CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 SE - 5 SN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 383–464 ST - Information from paleoclimate archives T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Information from paleoclimate archives UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ ID - 16466 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Masterson, John P. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/sir20045014 ET - - LA - English M3 - Report PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2004 SN - USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5014 SP - 78 ST - Simulated Interaction Between Freshwater and Saltwater and Effects of Ground-Water Pumping and Sea-Level Change, Lower Cape Cod Aquifer System, Massachusetts TI - Simulated Interaction Between Freshwater and Saltwater and Effects of Ground-Water Pumping and Sea-Level Change, Lower Cape Cod Aquifer System, Massachusetts ID - 26205 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Masterson, John P. AU - Fienen, Michael N. AU - Thieler, E. Robert AU - Gesch, Dean B. AU - Gutierrez, Benjamin T. AU - Plant, Nathaniel G. DO - 10.1002/eco.1442 IS - 3 KW - groundwater barrier islands sea-level rise vadose zone salinity ecohydrology vegetation distribution PY - 2014 SN - 1936-0592 SP - 1064-1071 ST - Effects of sea-level rise on barrier island groundwater system dynamics—Ecohydrological implications T2 - Ecohydrology TI - Effects of sea-level rise on barrier island groundwater system dynamics—Ecohydrological implications VL - 7 ID - 21739 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Masterson, John P. AU - Pope, Jason P. AU - Fienen, Michael N. AU - Monti, Jack, Jr. AU - Nardi, Mark R. AU - Finkelstein, Jason S. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/pp1829 N1 - ISBN: 978-1-4113-4057-2 NV - USGS Professional Paper 1829 PB - US Geological Survey PY - 2016 RP - ISBN: 978-1-4113-4057-2 SP - 76 ST - Assessment of Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina TI - Assessment of Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina ID - 24549 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Spring snowpack is an important water resource in many river basins in the United States in areas where snowmelt comprises a large part of the annual runoff. Increasing temperatures will likely reduce snowpacks in the future, resulting in more winter runoff and less available water during the summer low-flow season. As part of the National Climate Change Modeling Project by the U.S. Geological Survey, distributed watershed-model output was analyzed to characterize areal extent and water-equivalent volumes of spring snowpack for a warming climate. The output from seven selected watershed models from the mountainous western United States and one model from coastal Maine in the northeastern United States shows a future of declining spring snowpack. Snow-cover area (SCA) and snow-water equivalent (SWE) were used to compare the spring snowpack for current conditions (2006) with three time periods in the future (2030, 2060, and 2090) using three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios published in the 2007 Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES): A2, B1, and A1B. Distributed SWE and SCA values were sorted into elevation zones in each basin. The change in spring snowpack over time was greater than the change among different emission scenarios, suggesting that, even for a globally reduced carbon emission scenario, large decreases in SWE are likely to occur. The SRES A2 scenario resulted in the greatest decrease in SWE for six of the basins, and the SRES B1 and A1B scenarios resulted in the greatest decrease in one basin each. AU - Mastin, Mark C. AU - Chase, Katherine J. AU - Dudley, R. W. DO - 10.1175/2010ei368.1 IS - 23 KW - Climate change,Snow-water equivalent,Watershed modeling PY - 2011 SP - 1-18 ST - Changes in spring snowpack for selected basins in the United States for different climate-change scenarios T2 - Earth Interactions TI - Changes in spring snowpack for selected basins in the United States for different climate-change scenarios VL - 15 ID - 21738 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Mastrandrea, Michael D. AU - Field, Christopher B. AU - Stocker, Thomas F. AU - Edenhofer, Ottmar AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Frame, David J. AU - Held, Hermann AU - Kriegler, Elmar AU - Mach, Katharine J. AU - Matschoss, Patrick R. AU - Plattner, Gian-Kasper AU - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Zwiers, Francis W. PB - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) PY - 2010 SP - 7 ST - Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainties TI - Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainties UR - https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/supporting-material/uncertainty-guidance-note.pdf ID - 23653 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Representative Concentration Pathway 6.0 (RCP6) is a pathway that describes trends in long-term, global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), short-lived species, and land-use/land-cover change leading to a stabilisation of radiative forcing at 6.0 Watts per square meter (Wm−2) in the year 2100 without exceeding that value in prior years. Simulated with the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM), GHG emissions of RCP6 peak around 2060 and then decline through the rest of the century. The energy intensity improvement rates changes from 0.9% per year to 1.5% per year around 2060. Emissions are assumed to be reduced cost-effectively in any period through a global market for emissions permits. The exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystem through photosynthesis and respiration are estimated with the ecosystem model. The regional emissions, except CO2 and N2O, are downscaled to facilitate transfer to climate models. AU - Masui, Toshihiko AU - Matsumoto, Kenichi AU - Hijioka, Yasuaki AU - Kinoshita, Tsuguki AU - Nozawa, Toru AU - Ishiwatari, Sawako AU - Kato, Etsushi AU - Shukla, P. R. AU - Yamagata, Yoshiki AU - Kainuma, Mikiko DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0150-5 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2011 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 59-76 ST - An emission pathway for stabilization at 6 W m−2 radiative forcing T2 - Climatic Change TI - An emission pathway for stabilization at 6 W m−2 radiative forcing VL - 109 ID - 21027 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Matear, Richard J. AU - Chamberlain, M. A. AU - Sun, C. AU - Feng, Ming DA - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.07.003 DP - Google Scholar KW - Pacific Ocean climate projections marine ecosystems impact fisheries circulation PY - 2015 SP - 22-46 ST - Climate change projection for the western tropical Pacific Ocean using a high-resolution ocean model: Implications for tuna fisheries T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography TI - Climate change projection for the western tropical Pacific Ocean using a high-resolution ocean model: Implications for tuna fisheries VL - 113 Y2 - 2016/02/26/00:39:40 ID - 22472 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mathis, Jeremy T. AU - Cooley, Sarah R. AU - Yates, Kimberly K. AU - Williamson, Phillip DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2015.26 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SP - 10-15 ST - Introduction to this special issue on ocean acidification: The pathway from science to policy T2 - Oceanography TI - Introduction to this special issue on ocean acidification: The pathway from science to policy VL - 28 ID - 24881 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Water column pH and carbonate mineral saturation states were calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity data collected over the eastern Bering Sea shelf in the spring and summer of 2008. The saturation states (Ω) of the two most important carbonate minerals, calcite (Ωcalcite) and aragonite (Ωaragonite) were strongly coupled to terrestrial runoff from the Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers, primary production in the surface waters, and remineralization of organic matter at depth over the shelf. In spring, before ice melt occurred, pH over the shelf was largely confined to a range of 7.9–8.1 and Ωcalcite and Ωaragonite ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 and 0.8 to 2.0, respectively. At the stations closest to river outflows, aragonite was undersaturated in the water column from the surface to the bottom. During the summer sea ice retreat, high rates of primary production consumed DIC in the mixed layer, which increased pH and Ωcalcite and Ωaragonite. However, Ωcalcite and Ωaragonite decreased by ∼0.3 in the bottom waters over the middle and outer shelf. Over the northern shelf, where export production is highest, Ωaragonite decreased by ∼0.35 and became highly undersaturated. The observed suppression and undersaturation of Ωcalcite and Ωaragonite in the eastern Bering Sea are correlated with anthropogenic carbon dioxide uptake into the ocean and will likely be exacerbated under business-as-usual emission scenarios. Therefore, ocean acidification could threaten some benthic and pelagic calcifying organisms across the Bering Sea shelf in the coming decades. AU - Mathis, J.T. AU - Cross, J.N. AU - Bates, N.R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2010JC006453 IS - C2 KW - Bering Sea; ocean acidification; carbon biogeochemistry; carbonate mineral saturation states PY - 2011 SN - 0148-0227 SP - C02030 ST - Coupling primary production and terrestrial runoff to ocean acidification and carbonate mineral suppression in the eastern Bering Sea T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Coupling primary production and terrestrial runoff to ocean acidification and carbonate mineral suppression in the eastern Bering Sea VL - 116 ID - 14404 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mathis, J.T. AU - Cross, J.N. AU - Evans, W. AU - Doney, S.C. DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2015.36 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SP - 122-135 ST - Ocean acidification in the surface waters of the Pacific–Arctic boundary regions T2 - Oceanography TI - Ocean acidification in the surface waters of the Pacific–Arctic boundary regions VL - 28 ID - 20134 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mathis, Jeremy T. AU - Pickart, Robert S. AU - Byrne, Robert H. AU - McNeil, Craig L. AU - Moore, G. W. K. AU - Juranek, Laurie W. AU - Liu, Xuewu AU - Ma, Jian AU - Easley, Regina A. AU - Elliot, Matthew M. AU - Cross, Jessica N. AU - Reisdorph, Stacey C. AU - Bahr, Frank AU - Morison, Jamie AU - Lichendorf, Trina AU - Feely, Richard A. DO - 10.1029/2012GL051574 IS - 7 KW - Arctic Ocean CO2 fluxes ocean acidification upwelling 4504 Air/sea interactions 4540 Ice mechanics and air/sea/ice exchange processes 4806 Carbon cycling 4835 Marine inorganic chemistry PY - 2012 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L16703 ST - Storm-induced upwelling of high pCO2 waters onto the continental shelf of the western Arctic Ocean and implications for carbonate mineral saturation states T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Storm-induced upwelling of high pCO2 waters onto the continental shelf of the western Arctic Ocean and implications for carbonate mineral saturation states VL - 39 ID - 19845 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Future climate scenarios projected by three different General Circulation Models and a delta-change methodology are used as input to the Generalized Watershed Loading Functions – Variable Source Area (GWLF-VSA) watershed model to simulate future inflows to reservoirs that are part of the New York City water supply system (NYCWSS). These inflows are in turn used as part of the NYC OASIS model designed to simulate operations for the NYCWSS. In this study future demands and operation rules are assumed stationary and future climate variability is based on historical data to which change factors were applied in order to develop the future scenarios. Our results for the West of Hudson portion of the NYCWSS suggest that future climate change will impact regional hydrology on a seasonal basis. The combined effect of projected increases in winter air temperatures, increased winter rain, and earlier snowmelt results in more runoff occurring during winter and slightly less runoff in early spring, increased spring and summer evapotranspiration, and reduction in number of days the system is under drought conditions. At subsystem level reservoir storages, water releases and spills appear to be higher and less variable during the winter months and are slightly reduced during summer. Under the projected future climate and assumptions in this study the NYC reservoir system continues to show high resilience, high annual reliability and relatively low vulnerability. AU - Matonse, Adão H. AU - Pierson, Donald C. AU - Frei, Allan AU - Zion, Mark S. AU - Anandhi, Aavudai AU - Schneiderman, Elliot AU - Wright, Ben DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-012-0515-4 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 437-456 ST - Investigating the impact of climate change on New York City’s primary water supply T2 - Climatic Change TI - Investigating the impact of climate change on New York City’s primary water supply VL - 116 ID - 21737 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Extreme heat event excess mortality has been estimated statistically to assess impacts, evaluate heat emergency response, and project climate change risks. We estimated annual excess non–external-cause deaths associated with extreme heat events in New York City (NYC). Extreme heat events were defined as days meeting current National Weather Service forecast criteria for issuing heat advisories in NYC based on observed maximum daily heat index values from LaGuardia Airport. Outcomes were daily non–external-cause death counts for NYC residents from May through September from 1997 to 2013 (n = 337,162). The cumulative relative risk (CRR) of death associated with extreme heat events was estimated in a Poisson time-series model for each year using an unconstrained distributed lag for days 0-3 accommodating over dispersion, and adjusting for within-season trends and day of week. Attributable death counts were computed by year based on individual year CRRs. The pooled CRR per extreme heat event day was 1.11 (95%CI 1.08-1.14). The estimated annual excess non–external-cause deaths attributable to heat waves ranged from –14 to 358, with a median of 121. Point estimates of heat wave–attributable deaths were greater than 0 in all years but one and were correlated with the number of heat wave days (r = 0.81). Average excess non–external-cause deaths associated with extreme heat events were nearly 11-fold greater than hyperthermia deaths. Estimated extreme heat event–associated excess deaths may be a useful indicator of the impact of extreme heat events, but single-year estimates are currently too imprecise to identify short-term changes in risk. AU - Matte, Thomas D. AU - Lane, Kathryn AU - Ito, Kazuhiko DO - 10.1089/hs.2015.0059 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SP - 64-70 ST - Excess mortality attributable to extreme heat in New York City, 1997-2013 T2 - Health Security TI - Excess mortality attributable to extreme heat in New York City, 1997-2013 VL - 14 ID - 26206 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Matthews, Stephen N. AU - Iverson, Louis R. DA - 2017/11/29 DO - 10.1080/21513732.2017.1285815 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SN - 2151-3732 SP - 40-52 ST - Managing for delicious ecosystem service under climate change: Can United States sugar maple (Acer saccharum) syrup production be maintained in a warming climate? T2 - International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management TI - Managing for delicious ecosystem service under climate change: Can United States sugar maple (Acer saccharum) syrup production be maintained in a warming climate? VL - 13 ID - 21736 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Mauerer, Mark AU - Roalkvam, Carol Lee AU - Salisbury, Sandra L. AU - Goss, Elizabeth AU - Gabel, Mark AU - Johnson, Tanya CY - Olympia, WA PB - Washington State Department of Transportation, Vulnerability Assessment Team PY - 2011 SP - 70 ST - Climate Impacts Vulnerability Assessment TI - Climate Impacts Vulnerability Assessment UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/B290651B-24FD-40EC-BEC3-EE5097ED0618/0/WSDOTClimateImpactsVulnerabilityAssessmentforFHWAFinal.pdf ID - 24809 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mauger, Guillaume AU - Bauman, Yoram AU - Nennich, Tamilee AU - Salathé, Eric DA - 2015/01/02 DO - 10.1080/00330124.2014.921017 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SN - 0033-0124 SP - 121-131 ST - Impacts of climate change on milk production in the United States T2 - Professional Geographer TI - Impacts of climate change on milk production in the United States VL - 67 ID - 24730 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Mauger, Guillaume S. AU - Casola, Joseph H. AU - Morgan, Harriet A. AU - Strauch, Ronda L. AU - Jones, Brittany AU - Curry, Beth AU - Busch Isaksen, Tania M. AU - Whitely Binder, Lara AU - Krosby, Meade B. AU - Snover, Amy K. CY - Seattle, WA DO - 10.7915/CIG93777D PB - University of Washington, Climate Impacts Group PY - 2015 SP - various ST - State of Knowledge: Climate Change in Puget Sound TI - State of Knowledge: Climate Change in Puget Sound UR - https://cig.uw.edu/resources/special-reports/ps-sok/ ID - 24550 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Maupin, Molly A. AU - Kenny, Joan F. AU - Hutson, Susan S. AU - Lovelace, John K. AU - Barber, Nancy L. AU - Linsey, Kristin S. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/cir1405 NV - USGC Circular 1405 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2014 SP - 56 ST - Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2010 TI - Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2010 ID - 21508 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maurer, E.P. AU - Hidalgo, H.G. AU - Das, T. AU - Dettinger, M.D. AU - Cayan, D.R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.5194/hess-14-1125-2010 IS - 6 PY - 2010 SP - 1125-1138 ST - The utility of daily large-scale climate data in the assessment of climate change impacts on daily streamflow in California T2 - Hydrology and Earth Systems Sciences TI - The utility of daily large-scale climate data in the assessment of climate change impacts on daily streamflow in California VL - 14 ID - 14414 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Mawdsley, Jonathan AU - Lamb, Rachel CY - Washington, DC PB - The H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment for the Navajo Nation Department of Fish and Wildlife PY - 2013 SP - 49 ST - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for Priority Wildlife Species TI - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for Priority Wildlife Species UR - https://conbio.org/images/content_publications/Final_Navajo_Vulnerability_Assessment_Report_2.pdf ID - 26377 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Maxwell, K. AU - Julius, S. AU - Grambsch, A. AU - Kosmal, A. AU - Larson, L. AU - Sonti, N. C4 - 0fd44553-870b-4fc1-9aaa-69f018427770 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH11 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 11 SP - xxx ST - Built Environment, Urban Systems, and Cities T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Built Environment, Urban Systems, and Cities ID - 26645 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maxwell, Sara M. AU - Hazen, Elliott L. AU - Lewison, Rebecca L. AU - Dunn, Daniel C. AU - Bailey, Helen AU - Bograd, Steven J. AU - Briscoe, Dana K. AU - Fossette, Sabrina AU - Hobday, Alistair J. AU - Bennett, Meredith AU - Benson, Scott AU - Caldwell, Margaret R. AU - Costa, Daniel P. AU - Dewar, Heidi AU - Eguchi, Tomo AU - Hazen, Lucie AU - Kohin, Suzanne AU - Sippel, Tim AU - Crowder, Larry B. DA - 2015/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.014 KW - Adaptive management Fisheries management Marine spatial planning Mobile marine protected areas Real-time management Shipping PY - 2015 SN - 0308-597X SP - 42-50 ST - Dynamic ocean management: Defining and conceptualizing real-time management of the ocean T2 - Marine Policy TI - Dynamic ocean management: Defining and conceptualizing real-time management of the ocean VL - 58 ID - 25510 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - May, K. AU - Luce, C. AU - Casola, J. AU - Chang, M. AU - Cuhaciyan, J. AU - Dalton, M. AU - Lowe, S. AU - Morishima, G. AU - Mote, P. AU - Petersen, A. AU - Roesch-McNally, G. AU - York, E. C4 - 1075cea8-4cc7-4ffb-b131-c1cc04c76c64 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH24 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 24 SP - xxx ST - Northwest T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Northwest ID - 26661 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mayeda, Elizabeth Rose AU - Glymour, M. Maria AU - Quesenberry, Charles P. AU - Whitmer, Rachel A. DA - 2016/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.12.007 IS - 3 KW - Dementia Race Ethnicity Disparities Cohort Epidemiology PY - 2016 SN - 1552-5260 SP - 216-224 ST - Inequalities in dementia incidence between six racial and ethnic groups over 14 years T2 - Alzheimer's & Dementia TI - Inequalities in dementia incidence between six racial and ethnic groups over 14 years VL - 12 ID - 24960 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Maynard, Nancy G. CY - Prior Lake, MN PB - NASA PY - 2014 SP - 124 ST - Native Peoples–Native Homelands Climate Change Workshop II. Final Report: An Indigenous Response to Climate Change TI - Native Peoples–Native Homelands Climate Change Workshop II. Final Report: An Indigenous Response to Climate Change UR - https://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/uploads/images_db/NPNH-Report-No-Blanks.pdf ID - 21676 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Consistent with a warming climate, birds are shifting the timing of their migrations, but it remains unclear to what extent these shifts have kept pace with the changing environment. Because bird migration is primarily cued by annually consistent physiological responses to photoperiod, but conditions at their breeding grounds depend on annually variable climate, bird arrival and climate-driven spring events would diverge. We combined satellite and citizen science data to estimate rates of change in phenological interval between spring green-up and migratory arrival for 48 breeding passerine species across North America. Both arrival and green-up changed over time, usually in the same direction (earlier or later). Although birds adjusted their arrival dates, 9 of 48 species did not keep pace with rapidly changing green-up and across all species the interval between arrival and green-up increased by over half a day per year. As green-up became earlier in the east, arrival of eastern breeding species increasingly lagged behind green-up, whereas in the west—where green-up typically became later—birds arrived increasingly earlier relative to green-up. Our results highlight that phenologies of species and trophic levels can shift at different rates, potentially leading to phenological mismatches with negative fitness consequences. AU - Mayor, Stephen J. AU - Guralnick, Robert P. AU - Tingley, Morgan W. AU - Otegui, Javier AU - Withey, John C. AU - Elmendorf, Sarah C. AU - Andrew, Margaret E. AU - Leyk, Stefan AU - Pearse, Ian S. AU - Schneider, David C. DA - 2017/05/15 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-02045-z IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 1902 ST - Increasing phenological asynchrony between spring green-up and arrival of migratory birds T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Increasing phenological asynchrony between spring green-up and arrival of migratory birds VL - 7 ID - 21164 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Mayors' Climate Protection Center CY - Washington, DC PB - The United States Conference of Mayors PY - 2015 SP - 42 ST - U.S. Mayors' Report on a Decade of Global Climate Leadership: Selected Mayor Profiles TI - U.S. Mayors' Report on a Decade of Global Climate Leadership: Selected Mayor Profiles UR - http://www.usmayors.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/1205-report-climateaction.pdf ID - 25655 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Mayr, Ernst C4 - 90974ab7-94e2-436c-bc1d-b17a6b6bfb71 CY - Cambridge, MA PB - Belknap Press PY - 1982 SN - 9780674364462 SP - 974 ST - The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance TI - The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance ID - 23410 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A growing body of evidence shows a causal relationship between extreme weather events and civil conflict incidence at the global level. We find that this causality is also valid for droughts and local violent conflicts in a within-country setting over a short time frame in the case of Somalia. We estimate that a one standard deviation increase in drought intensity and length raises the likelihood of conflict by 62%. We also find that drought affects conflict through livestock price changes, establishing livestock markets as the primary channel of transmission in Somalia. AU - Maystadt, Jean-François AU - Ecker, Olivier DO - 10.1093/ajae/aau010 IS - 4 N1 - 10.1093/ajae/aau010 PY - 2014 SN - 0002-9092 SP - 1157-1182 ST - Extreme weather and civil war: Does drought fuel conflict in Somalia through livestock price shocks? T2 - American Journal of Agricultural Economics TI - Extreme weather and civil war: Does drought fuel conflict in Somalia through livestock price shocks? VL - 96 ID - 22063 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A combination of climate events (e.g., low precipitation and high temperatures) may cause a significant impact on the ecosystem and society, although individual events involved may not be severe extremes themselves. Analyzing historical changes in concurrent climate extremes is critical to preparing for and mitigating the negative effects of climatic change and variability. This study focuses on the changes in concurrences of heatwaves and meteorological droughts from 1960 to 2010. Despite an apparent hiatus in rising temperature and no significant trend in droughts, we show a substantial increase in concurrent droughts and heatwaves across most parts of the United States, and a statistically significant shift in the distribution of concurrent extremes. Although commonly used trend analysis methods do not show any trend in concurrent droughts and heatwaves, a unique statistical approach discussed in this study exhibits a statistically significant change in the distribution of the data. AU - Mazdiyasni, Omid AU - AghaKouchak, Amir DA - September 15, 2015 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1422945112 IS - 37 PY - 2015 SP - 11484-11489 ST - Substantial increase in concurrent droughts and heatwaves in the United States T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Substantial increase in concurrent droughts and heatwaves in the United States VL - 112 ID - 20268 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mazer, Susan J. AU - Gerst, Katharine L. AU - Matthews, Elizabeth R. AU - Evenden, Angela C7 - art98 DO - 10.1890/ES14-00433.1 IS - 6 KW - Baccharis pilularis California Phenology Project citizen science climate change Eriogonum fasciculatum first flowering date phenology phenological response phenophase Quercus lobata Sambucus nigra USA National Phenology Network PY - 2015 SN - 2150-8925 SP - 1-27 ST - Species-specific phenological responses to winter temperature and precipitation in a water-limited ecosystem T2 - Ecosphere TI - Species-specific phenological responses to winter temperature and precipitation in a water-limited ecosystem VL - 6 ID - 23685 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Mazzacurati, Emilie AU - Mallard, Daniela Vargas AU - Joshua Turner AU - Steinberg, Nik AU - Shaw, Colin CY - Berkeley, CA PB - Four Twenty Seven for Deutsche Asset Management PY - 2017 SP - 28 ST - Physical Climate Risk in Equity Portfolios TI - Physical Climate Risk in Equity Portfolios UR - http://427mt.com/2017/11/08/physical-climate-risk-in-equity-portfolios-white-paper/ ID - 25643 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A recent record cold spell in southern Florida (2–11 January 2010) provided an opportunity to evaluate responses of an established population of Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) to a prolonged period of unusually cold weather. We observed behavior, characterized thermal biology, determined fate of radio-telemetered (n = 10) and non-telemetered (n = 104) Burmese pythons, and analyzed habitat and environmental conditions experienced by pythons during and after a historic cold spell. Telemetered pythons had been implanted with radio-transmitters and temperature-recording data loggers prior to the cold snap. Only one of 10 telemetered pythons survived the cold snap, whereas 59 of 99 (60%) non-telemetered pythons for which we determined fate survived. Body temperatures of eight dead telemetered pythons fluctuated regularly prior to 9 January 2010, then declined substantially during the cold period (9–11 January) and exhibited no further evidence of active thermoregulation indicating they were likely dead. Unusually cold temperatures in January 2010 were clearly associated with mortality of Burmese pythons in the Everglades. Some radio-telemetered pythons appeared to exhibit maladaptive behavior during the cold spell, including attempting to bask instead of retreating to sheltered refugia. We discuss implications of our findings for persistence and spread of introduced Burmese pythons in the United States and for maximizing their rate of removal. AU - Mazzotti, Frank J. AU - Cherkiss, Michael S. AU - Hart, Kristen M. AU - Snow, Ray W. AU - Rochford, Michael R. AU - Dorcas, Michael E. AU - Reed, Robert N. DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s10530-010-9797-5 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2011 SN - 1573-1464 SP - 143-151 ST - Cold-induced mortality of invasive Burmese pythons in south Florida T2 - Biological Invasions TI - Cold-induced mortality of invasive Burmese pythons in south Florida VL - 13 ID - 24351 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mazzotti, Frank J. AU - Cherkiss, Michael S. AU - Parry, Mark AU - Beauchamp, Jeff AU - Rochford, Mike AU - Smith, Brian AU - Hart, Kristen AU - Brandt, Laura A. C7 - e01439 DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1439 IS - 8 KW - American alligator American crocodile Burmese pythons Everglades mortality record cold spell Special Feature: Extreme Cold Spells PY - 2016 SN - 2150-8925 SP - e01439 ST - Large reptiles and cold temperatures: Do extreme cold spells set distributional limits for tropical reptiles in Florida? T2 - Ecosphere TI - Large reptiles and cold temperatures: Do extreme cold spells set distributional limits for tropical reptiles in Florida? VL - 7 ID - 24352 ER - TY - RPRT AU - MBTA CY - Boston, MA ET - 14th PB - Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA) PY - 2014 SP - various ST - Blue Book 2014: Ridership and Service Statistics TI - Blue Book 2014: Ridership and Service Statistics UR - http://old.mbta.com/about_the_mbta/document_library/?search=blue+book&submit_document_search=Search+Library ID - 24583 ER - TY - RPRT AU - MCC CY - Washington, DC PB - Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) PY - 2010 SN - DCO-2012-1.2 SP - 17 ST - Environmental Guidelines TI - Environmental Guidelines UR - https://www.mcc.gov/resources/doc/environmental-guidelines ID - 26151 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The timing of snowmelt runoff (SMR) for 84 rivers in the western United States is examined to understand the character of SMR variability and the climate processes that may be driving changes in SMR timing. Results indicate that the timing of SMR for many rivers in the western United States has shifted to earlier in the snowmelt season. This shift occurred as a step change during the mid-1980s in conjunction with a step increase in spring and early-summer atmospheric pressures and temperatures over the western United States. The cause of the step change has not yet been determined. AU - McCabe, Gregory J. AU - Clark, Martyn P. DO - 10.1175/jhm428.1 IS - 4 PY - 2005 SP - 476-482 ST - Trends and variability in snowmelt runoff in the western United States T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - Trends and variability in snowmelt runoff in the western United States VL - 6 ID - 21510 ER - TY - JOUR AB - More than half (52%) of the spatial and temporal variance in multidecadal drought frequency over the conterminous United States is attributable to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). An additional 22% of the variance in drought frequency is related to a complex spatial pattern of positive and negative trends in drought occurrence possibly related to increasing Northern Hemisphere temperatures or some other unidirectional climate trend. Recent droughts with broad impacts over the conterminous U.S. (1996, 1999–2002) were associated with North Atlantic warming (positive AMO) and northeastern and tropical Pacific cooling (negative PDO). Much of the long-term predictability of drought frequency may reside in the multidecadal behavior of the North Atlantic Ocean. Should the current positive AMO (warm North Atlantic) conditions persist into the upcoming decade, we suggest two possible drought scenarios that resemble the continental-scale patterns of the 1930s (positive PDO) and 1950s (negative PDO) drought. AU - McCabe, Gregory J. AU - Palecki, Michael A. AU - Betancourt, Julio L. DA - March 23, 2004 DO - 10.1073/pnas.0306738101 IS - 12 PY - 2004 SP - 4136-4141 ST - Pacific and Atlantic Ocean influences on multidecadal drought frequency in the United States T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Pacific and Atlantic Ocean influences on multidecadal drought frequency in the United States VL - 101 ID - 21512 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCabe, Gregory J. AU - Wolock, David M. DO - 10.1111/1752-1688.12431 IS - 5 KW - runoff efficiency runoff climate variability climate trends PY - 2016 SN - 1752-1688 SP - 1046-1055 ST - Variability and Trends in Runoff Efficiency in the Conterminous United States T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - Variability and Trends in Runoff Efficiency in the Conterminous United States VL - 52 ID - 21511 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCabe, Gregory J. AU - Wolock, David M. AU - Austin, Samuel H. DO - 10.1002/joc.4756 IS - 2 KW - drought climatic change climate variability PY - 2017 SN - 1097-0088 SP - 1014-1021 ST - Variability of runoff-based drought conditions in the conterminous United States T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Variability of runoff-based drought conditions in the conterminous United States VL - 37 ID - 23323 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) is one of the primary sources of water for the western United States, and increasing temperatures likely will elevate the risk of reduced water supply in the basin. Although variability in water-year precipitation explains more of the variability in water-year UCRB streamflow than water-year UCRB temperature, since the late 1980s, increases in temperature in the UCRB have caused a substantial reduction in UCRB runoff efficiency (the ratio of streamflow to precipitation). These reductions in flow because of increasing temperatures are the largest documented temperature-related reductions since record keeping began. Increases in UCRB temperature over the past three decades have resulted in a mean UCRB water-year streamflow departure of −1306 million m3 (or −7% of mean water-year streamflow). Additionally, warm-season (April through September) temperature has had a larger effect on variability in water-year UCRB streamflow than the cool-season (October through March) temperature. The greater contribution of warm-season temperature, relative to cool-season temperature, to variability of UCRB flow suggests that evaporation or snowmelt, rather than changes from snow to rain during the cool season, has driven recent reductions in UCRB flow. It is expected that as warming continues, the negative effects of temperature on water-year UCRB streamflow will become more evident and problematic. AU - McCabe, Gregory J. AU - Wolock, David M. AU - Pederson, Gregory T. AU - Woodhouse, Connie A. AU - McAfee, Stephanie DO - 10.1175/ei-d-17-0007.1 IS - 10 KW - Hydrology,Hydrometeorology,Water budget,Climate variability PY - 2017 SP - 1-14 ST - Evidence that recent warming is reducing upper Colorado River flows T2 - Earth Interactions TI - Evidence that recent warming is reducing upper Colorado River flows VL - 21 ID - 23686 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCabe, Ryan M. AU - Hickey, Barbara M. AU - Kudela, Raphael M. AU - Lefebvre, Kathi A. AU - Adams, Nicolaus G. AU - Bill, Brian D. AU - Gulland, Frances M. D. AU - Thomson, Richard E. AU - Cochlan, William P. AU - Trainer, Vera L. DO - 10.1002/2016GL070023 IS - 19 KW - harmful algal bloom Pseudo-nitzschia australis domoic acid upwelling warm anomaly toxin 1616 Climate variability 4279 Upwelling and convergences 4217 Coastal processes 4855 Phytoplankton 4815 Ecosystems, structure, dynamics, and modeling PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 10,366-10,376 ST - An unprecedented coastwide toxic algal bloom linked to anomalous ocean conditions T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - An unprecedented coastwide toxic algal bloom linked to anomalous ocean conditions VL - 43 ID - 24640 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCain, Christy M. AU - King, Sarah R. B. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12499 IS - 6 KW - behavior elevation latitude mammal microclimate physiology thermal niches PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1760-1769 ST - Body size and activity times mediate mammalian responses to climate change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Body size and activity times mediate mammalian responses to climate change VL - 20 ID - 23411 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is occurring. Deviations from historic temperatures and precipitation plus increased frequency of extreme events are modifying agriculture systems globally. Adapting agricultural management practices offers a way to lessen the effects or exploit opportunities. Herein many aspects of the adaptation issue are discussed, including needs, strategies, observed actions, benefits, economic analysis approaches, role of public/private actors, limits, and project evaluation. We comment on the benefits and shortcomings of analytical methods and suggested economic efforts. Economists need to play a role in such diverse matters as projecting adaptation needs, designing adaptation incentives, and evaluating projects to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. AU - McCarl, Bruce A. AU - Thayer, Anastasia W. AU - Jones, Jason P. H. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/aae.2016.27 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2016/11/21 IS - 4 KW - Agriculture climate change adaptation PY - 2016 SN - 1074-0708 SP - 321-344 ST - The challenge of climate change adaptation for agriculture: An economically oriented review T2 - Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics TI - The challenge of climate change adaptation for agriculture: An economically oriented review VL - 48 ID - 24731 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCarthy, Gerard D. AU - Haigh, Ivan D. AU - Hirschi, Joël J. M. AU - Grist, Jeremy P. AU - Smeed, David A. DA - 05/27/online DO - 10.1038/nature14491 PY - 2015 SP - 508-510 ST - Ocean impact on decadal Atlantic climate variability revealed by sea-level observations T2 - Nature TI - Ocean impact on decadal Atlantic climate variability revealed by sea-level observations VL - 521 ID - 26207 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCarthy, Heather R. AU - Oren, Ram AU - Finzi, Adrien C. AU - Johnsen, Kurt H. DO - 10.1073/pnas.0609448103 IS - 51 PY - 2006 SP - 19356-19361 ST - Canopy leaf area constrains [CO2]-induced enhancement of productivity and partitioning among aboveground carbon pools T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Canopy leaf area constrains [CO2]-induced enhancement of productivity and partitioning among aboveground carbon pools VL - 103 ID - 21977 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCarty, Joshua AU - Kaza, Nikhil DA - 2015/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.03.008 KW - Landscape metrics Air quality Urban morphology PY - 2015 SN - 0169-2046 SP - 168-179 ST - Urban form and air quality in the United States T2 - Landscape and Urban Planning TI - Urban form and air quality in the United States VL - 139 ID - 23141 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCay, Bonnie J. DA - 11/27/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate1765 PY - 2012 SP - 840-841 ST - Shifts in fishing grounds T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Shifts in fishing grounds VL - 2 ID - 26208 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Research on changes in a coupled marine system of the Mid-Atlantic Bight, focusing on Atlantic surfclams and the associated fishery and management system, is reviewed for how the human dimensions of this coupled socio-ecological system are addressed by the researchers. Our foci are on economic modelling of spatial choices, using dynamic optimization with adjustments that reflect better the natural and socio-economic realities of the fishery and on ethnographic observations of decision processes, particularly those of the regional fishery management council, with particular emphasis on cognitive frames and management communities. These are designed to be integrated with and to complement biophysical modelling of the complex coupled socio-ecological system. AU - McCay, Bonnie J. AU - Brandt, Sylvia AU - Creed, Carolyn F. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsr044 IS - 6 PY - 2011 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 1354-1367 ST - Human dimensions of climate change and fisheries in a coupled system: The Atlantic surfclam case T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Human dimensions of climate change and fisheries in a coupled system: The Atlantic surfclam case VL - 68 ID - 26209 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McClatchie, S. AU - Goericke, R. AU - Cosgrove, R. AU - Auad, G. AU - Vetter, R. DO - 10.1029/2010GL044497 IS - 19 KW - oxygen climate southern California rockfish fisheries 0404 Anoxic and hypoxic environments 4271 Physical and chemical properties of seawater 4215 Climate and interannual variability PY - 2010 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L19602 ST - Oxygen in the Southern California Bight: Multidecadal trends and implications for demersal fisheries T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Oxygen in the Southern California Bight: Multidecadal trends and implications for demersal fisheries VL - 37 ID - 23687 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Massive declines in population abundances of marine animals have been documented over century-long time scales. However, analogous loss of spatial extent of habitat-forming organisms is less well known because georeferenced data are rare over long time scales, particularly in subtidal, tropical marine regions. We use high-resolution historical nautical charts to quantify changes to benthic structure over 240 years in the Florida Keys, finding an overall loss of 52% (SE, 6.4%) of the area of the seafloor occupied by corals. We find a strong spatial dimension to this decline; the spatial extent of coral in Florida Bay and nearshore declined by 87.5% (SE, 7.2%) and 68.8% (SE, 7.5%), respectively, whereas that of offshore areas of coral remained largely intact. These estimates add to finer-scale loss in live coral cover exceeding 90% in some locations in recent decades. The near-complete elimination of the spatial coverage of nearshore coral represents an underappreciated spatial component of the shifting baseline syndrome, with important lessons for other species and ecosystems. That is, modern surveys are typically designed to assess change only within the species’ known, extant range. For species ranging from corals to sea turtles, this approach may overlook spatial loss over longer time frames, resulting in both overly optimistic views of their current conservation status and underestimates of their restoration potential. AU - McClenachan, Loren AU - O’Connor, Grace AU - Neal, Benjamin P. AU - Pandolfi, John M. AU - Jackson, Jeremy B. C. DO - 10.1126/sciadv.1603155 IS - 9 PY - 2017 SP - e1603155 ST - Ghost reefs: Nautical charts document large spatial scale of coral reef loss over 240 years T2 - Science Advances TI - Ghost reefs: Nautical charts document large spatial scale of coral reef loss over 240 years VL - 3 ID - 24353 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Despite the clear importance of water balance to the evolution of terrestrial life, much remains unknown about the effects of animal water balance on food webs. Based on recent research suggesting animal water imbalance can increase trophic interaction strengths in cages, we hypothesized that water availability could drive top-down effects in open environments, influencing the occurrence of trophic cascades. We manipulated large spider abundance and water availability in 20 × 20 m open-air plots in a streamside forest in Arizona, USA, and measured changes in cricket and small spider abundance and leaf damage. As expected, large spiders reduced both cricket abundance and herbivory under ambient, dry conditions, but not where free water was added. When water was added (free or within moist leaves), cricket abundance was unaffected by large spiders, but spiders still altered herbivory, suggesting behavioural effects. Moreover, we found threshold-type increases in herbivory at moderately low soil moisture (between 5.5% and 7% by volume), suggesting the possibility that water balance may commonly influence top-down effects. Overall, our results point towards animal water balance as an important driver of direct and indirect species interactions and food web dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. AU - McCluney, Kevin E. AU - Sabo, John L. DO - 10.1098/rspb.2016.0881 IS - 1836 PY - 2016 ST - Animal water balance drives top-down effects in a riparian forest—Implications for terrestrial trophic cascades T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Animal water balance drives top-down effects in a riparian forest—Implications for terrestrial trophic cascades VL - 283 ID - 23412 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Large portions of anadromous salmonid habitat in the western United States has been lost because of dams and other blockages. This loss has the potential to affect salmonid evolution through natural selection if the loss is biased, affecting certain types of habitat differentially, and if phenotypic traits correlated with those habitat types are heritable. Habitat loss can also affect salmonid evolution indirectly, by reducing genetic variation and changing its distribution within and among populations. In this paper, we compare the characteristics of lost habitats with currently accessible habitats and review the heritability of traits which show correlations with habitat/environmental gradients. We find that although there is some regional variation, inaccessible habitats tend to be higher in elevation, wetter and both warmer in the summer and colder in the winter than habitats currently available to anadromous salmonids. We present several case studies that demonstrate either a change in phenotypic or life history expression or an apparent reduction in genetic variation associated with habitat blockages. These results suggest that loss of habitat will alter evolutionary trajectories in salmonid populations and Evolutionarily Significant Units. Changes in both selective regime and standing genetic diversity might affect the ability of these taxa to respond to subsequent environmental perturbations. Both natural and anthropogenic and should be considered seriously in developing management and conservation strategies. AU - McClure, Michelle M. AU - Carlson, Stephanie M. AU - Beechie, Timothy J. AU - Pess, George R. AU - Jorgensen, Jeffrey C. AU - Sogard, Susan M. AU - Sultan, Sonia E. AU - Holzer, Damon M. AU - Travis, Joseph AU - Sanderson, Beth L. AU - Power, Mary E. AU - Carmichael, Richard W. DO - 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00030.x IS - 2 PY - 2008 SP - 300-318 ST - Evolutionary consequences of habitat loss for Pacific anadromous salmonids T2 - Evolutionary Applications TI - Evolutionary consequences of habitat loss for Pacific anadromous salmonids VL - 1 ID - 25704 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper assesses three key energy sustainability objectives: energy security improvement, climate change mitigation, and the reduction of air pollution and its human health impacts. We explain how the common practice of narrowly focusing on singular issues ignores potentially enormous synergies, highlighting the need for a paradigm shift toward more holistic policy approaches. Our analysis of a large ensemble of alternate energy-climate futures, developed using MESSAGE, an integrated assessment model, shows that stringent climate change policy offers a strategic entry point along the path to energy sustainability in several dimensions. Concerted decarbonization efforts can lead to improved air quality, thereby reducing energy-related health impacts worldwide: upwards of 2–32 million fewer disability-adjusted life years in 2030, depending on the aggressiveness of the air pollution policies foreseen in the baseline. At the same time, low-carbon technologies and energy-efficiency improvements can help to further the energy security goals of individual countries and regions by promoting a more dependable, resilient, and diversified energy portfolio. The cost savings of these climate policy synergies are potentially enormous: $100–600 billion annually by 2030 in reduced pollution control and energy security expenditures (0.1–0.7 % of GDP). Novel aspects of this paper include an explicit quantification of the health-related co-benefits of present and future air pollution control policies; an analysis of how future constraints on regional trade could influence energy security; a detailed assessment of energy expenditures showing where financing needs to flow in order to achieve the multiple energy sustainability objectives; and a quantification of the relationships between different fulfillment levels for energy security and air pollution goals and the probability of reaching the 2 °C climate target. AU - McCollum, David L. AU - Krey, Volker AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - Kolp, Peter AU - Grubler, Arnulf AU - Makowski, Marek AU - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0710-y IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 479-494 ST - Climate policies can help resolve energy security and air pollution challenges T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate policies can help resolve energy security and air pollution challenges VL - 119 ID - 24478 ER - TY - RPRT AU - McConnell, Eric CY - Columbus, OH PB - Ohio State University Extension PY - 2012 SN - Fact Sheet F-80 SP - 8 ST - Ohio's Forest Economy TI - Ohio's Forest Economy UR - https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/F-80 ID - 21274 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McConnell, Rob AU - Berhane, Kiros AU - Gilliland, Frank AU - London, Stephanie J. AU - Islam, Talat AU - Gauderman, W. James AU - Avol, Edward AU - Margolis, Helene G. AU - Peters, John M. DA - 2002/02/02/ DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07597-9 IS - 9304 PY - 2002 SN - 0140-6736 SP - 386-391 ST - Asthma in exercising children exposed to ozone: A cohort study T2 - The Lancet TI - Asthma in exercising children exposed to ozone: A cohort study VL - 359 ID - 23820 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCormick, Kes AU - Anderberg, Stefan AU - Coenen, Lars AU - Neij, Lena DA - 2013/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.003 KW - Sustainable urban transformation Sustainable urban development Climate change Sustainable development Governance Planning Transformative change PY - 2013 SN - 0959-6526 SP - 1-11 ST - Advancing sustainable urban transformation T2 - Journal of Cleaner Production TI - Advancing sustainable urban transformation VL - 50 ID - 22896 ER - TY - RPRT AU - McDermid, J. L. AU - Dickin, S. K. AU - Winsborough, C. L. AU - Switzman, H. AU - Barr, S. AU - Gleeson, J. A. AU - Krantzberg, G. AU - Gray, P. A. N1 - ISBN 987-1-77283-000-2 NV - Prepared Jointly by the Ontario Climate Consortium and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry to Advise Annex 9—Climate Change Impacts Under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, October 2015 PY - 2015 RP - ISBN 987-1-77283-000-2 ST - State of Climate Change Science in the Great Lakes Basin: A Focus on Climatological, Hydrological, and Ecological Effects TI - State of Climate Change Science in the Great Lakes Basin: A Focus on Climatological, Hydrological, and Ecological Effects UR - https://binational.net//wp-content/uploads/2016/09/OCC_GreatLakes_Report_ExecSummary%20ENGLISH.pdf ID - 21284 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is influencing bird phenology worldwide, but we still lack information on how many species are responding over long temporal periods. We assessed how climate affected passerine reproductive timing and productivity at a constant effort mist-netting station in western Pennsylvania using a model comparison approach. Several lines of evidence point to the sensitivity of 21 breeding passerines to climate change over five decades. The trends for temperature and precipitation over 53 years were slightly positive due to intraseasonal variation, with the greatest temperature increases and precipitation declines in early spring. Regardless of broodedness, migration distance, or breeding season, 13 species hatched young earlier over time with most advancing >3 days per decade. Warm springs were associated with earlier captures of juveniles for 14 species, ranging from 1- to 3-day advancement for every 1 °C increase. This timing was less likely to be influenced by spring precipitation; nevertheless, higher rainfall was usually associated with later appearance of juveniles and breeding condition in females. Temperature and precipitation were positively related to productivity for seven and eleven species, respectively, with negative relations evident for six and eight species. We found that birds fledged young earlier with increasing spring temperatures, potentially benefiting some multibrooded species. Indeed, some extended the duration of breeding in these warm years. Yet, a few species fledged fewer juveniles in warmer and wetter seasons, indicating that expected future increases could be detrimental to locally breeding populations. Although there were no clear relationships between life history traits and breeding phenology, species-specific responses to climate found in our study provide novel insights into phenological flexibility in songbirds. Our research underscores the value of long-term monitoring studies and the importance of continuing constant effort sampling in the face of climate change. AU - McDermott, Molly E. AU - DeGroote, Lucas W. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13363 IS - 10 PY - 2016 SP - 3304-3319 ST - Long-term climate impacts on breeding bird phenology in Pennsylvania, USA T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Long-term climate impacts on breeding bird phenology in Pennsylvania, USA VL - 22 ID - 26425 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McDonald, Caroline IS - 3 PY - 2017 SP - 6-9 ST - Oroville Dam highlights infrastructure risks T2 - Risk Management TI - Oroville Dam highlights infrastructure risks UR - http://www.rmmagazine.com/2017/04/03/oroville-dam-highlights-infrastructure-risks/ VL - 64 ID - 25400 ER - TY - RPRT AU - McDonald, Lyman AU - Adachi, Kristen AU - Rintz, Troy AU - Gardner, Grant AU - Hornsby, Fawn CY - Laramie, WY PB - WEST Inc. PY - 2014 SP - 21 ST - Range‐Wide Population Size of the Lesser Prairie‐Chicken: 2012, 2013, and 2014 TI - Range‐Wide Population Size of the Lesser Prairie‐Chicken: 2012, 2013, and 2014 UR - https://www.wafwa.org/Documents%20and%20Settings/37/Site%20Documents/Initiatives/Lesser%20Prairie%20Chicken/Aerial%20Surveys/Final_report_LPCH_2014.07.31.pdf ID - 25803 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Agricultural irrigation practices will likely be affected by climate change. In this paper, we use a statistical model relating observed water use by U.S. producers to the moisture deficit, and then use this statistical model to project climate changes impact on both the fraction of agricultural land irrigated and the irrigation rate (m3ha−1). Data on water withdrawals for US states (1985–2005) show that both quantities are highly positively correlated with moisture deficit (precipitation – PET). If current trends hold, climate change would increase agricultural demand for irrigation in 2090 by 4.5–21.9 million ha (B1 scenario demand: 4.5–8.7 million ha, A2 scenario demand: 9.1–21.9 million ha). Much of this new irrigated area would occur in states that currently have a wet climate and a small fraction of their agricultural land currently irrigated, posing a challenge to policymakers in states with less experience with strict regulation of agriculture water use. Moreover, most of this expansion will occur in states where current agricultural production has relatively low market value per hectare, which may make installation of irrigation uneconomical without significant changes in crops or practices by producers. Without significant increases in irrigation efficiency, climate change would also increase the average irrigation rate from 7,963 to 8,400–10,415 m3ha−1 (B1 rate: 8,400–9,145 m3ha−1, A2 rate: 9,380–10,415 m3ha−1). The irrigation rate will increase the most in states that already have dry climates and large irrigation rates, posing a challenge for water supply systems in these states. Accounting for both the increase in irrigated area and irrigation rate, total withdrawals might increase by 47.7–283.4 billion m3 (B1 withdrawal: 47.7–106.0 billion m3, A2 withdrawal: 117.4–283.4 billion m3). Increases in irrigation water-use efficiency, particularly by reducing the prevalence of surface irrigation, could eliminate the increase in total irrigation withdrawals in many states. AU - McDonald, Robert I. AU - Girvetz, Evan H. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0065589 IS - 6 PY - 2013 SP - e65589 ST - Two challenges for U.S. irrigation due to climate change: Increasing irrigated area in wet states and increasing irrigation rates in dry states T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Two challenges for U.S. irrigation due to climate change: Increasing irrigated area in wet states and increasing irrigation rates in dry states VL - 8 ID - 21513 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper introduces a scalable "climate health justice" model for assessing and projecting incidence, treatment costs, and sociospatial disparities for diseases with well-documented climate change linkages. The model is designed to employ low-cost secondary data, and it is rooted in a perspective that merges normative environmental justice concerns with theoretical grounding in health inequalities. Since the model employs International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) disease codes, it is transferable to other contexts, appropriate for use across spatial scales, and suitable for comparative analyses. We demonstrate the utility of the model through analysis of 2008-2010 hospitalization discharge data at state and county levels in Texas (USA). We identified several disease categories (i.e., cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, heat-related, and respiratory) associated with climate change, and then selected corresponding ICD-9 codes with the highest hospitalization counts for further analyses. Selected diseases include ischemic heart disease, diarrhea, heat exhaustion/cramps/stroke/syncope, and asthma. Cardiovascular disease ranked first among the general categories of diseases for age-adjusted hospital admission rate (5286.37 per 100,000). In terms of specific selected diseases (per 100,000 population), asthma ranked first (517.51), followed by ischemic heart disease (195.20), diarrhea (75.35), and heat exhaustion/cramps/stroke/syncope (7.81). Charges associated with the selected diseases over the 3-year period amounted to US$5.6 billion. Blacks were disproportionately burdened by the selected diseases in comparison to non-Hispanic whites, while Hispanics were not. Spatial distributions of the selected disease rates revealed geographic zones of disproportionate risk. Based upon a down-scaled regional climate-change projection model, we estimate a >5% increase in the incidence and treatment costs of asthma attributable to climate change between the baseline and 2040-2050 in Texas. Additionally, the inequalities described here will be accentuated, with blacks facing amplified health disparities in the future. These predicted trends raise both intergenerational and distributional climate health justice concerns. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. AU - McDonald, Y. J. AU - Grineski, S. E. AU - Collins, T. W. AU - Kim, Y. A. DA - May DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.032 KW - climate justice Health PY - 2015 SN - 0277-9536 SP - 242-252 ST - A scalable climate health justice assessment model T2 - Social Science & Medicine TI - A scalable climate health justice assessment model VL - 133 ID - 22786 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McDonnell, William F. AU - Abbey, David E. AU - Nishino, Naomi AU - Lebowitz, Michael D. DA - 1999/02/01/ DO - 10.1006/enrs.1998.3894 IS - 2 KW - asthma ozone air pollution epidemiology. PY - 1999 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 110-121 ST - Long-term ambient ozone concentration and the incidence of asthma in nonsmoking adults: The Ahsmog study T2 - Environmental Research TI - Long-term ambient ozone concentration and the incidence of asthma in nonsmoking adults: The Ahsmog study VL - 80 ID - 23821 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McDowell, Nathan G. AU - Allen, Craig D. DA - 05/18/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2641 PY - 2015 SP - 669-672 ST - Darcy's law predicts widespread forest mortality under climate warming T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Darcy's law predicts widespread forest mortality under climate warming VL - 5 ID - 23822 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McDowell, N. G. AU - Williams, A. P. AU - Xu, C. AU - Pockman, W. T. AU - Dickman, L. T. AU - Sevanto, S. AU - Pangle, R. AU - Limousin, J. AU - Plaut, J. AU - Mackay, D. S. AU - Ogee, J. AU - Domec, J. C. AU - Allen, C. D. AU - Fisher, R. A. AU - Jiang, X. AU - Muss, J. D. AU - Breshears, D. D. AU - Rauscher, S. A. AU - Koven, C. DA - 03//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2873 IS - 3 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 295-300 ST - Multi-scale predictions of massive conifer mortality due to chronic temperature rise T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Multi-scale predictions of massive conifer mortality due to chronic temperature rise VL - 6 ID - 21972 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McEwan, Ryan W. AU - Dyer, James M. AU - Pederson, Neil DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06390.x IS - 2 PY - 2011 SN - 1600-0587 SP - 244-256 ST - Multiple interacting ecosystem drivers: Toward an encompassing hypothesis of oak forest dynamics across eastern North America T2 - Ecography TI - Multiple interacting ecosystem drivers: Toward an encompassing hypothesis of oak forest dynamics across eastern North America VL - 34 ID - 21192 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The electric power sector both affects and is affected by climate change. Numerous studies highlight the potential of the power sector to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Yet fewer studies have explored the physical impacts of climate change on the power sector. The present analysis examines how projected rising temperatures affect the demand for and supply of electricity. We apply a common set of temperature projections to three well-known electric sector models in the United States: the US version of the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM-USA), the Regional Electricity Deployment System model (ReEDS), and the Integrated Planning Model (IPM®). Incorporating the effects of rising temperatures from a control scenario without emission mitigation into the models raises electricity demand by 1.6 to 6.5 % in 2050 with similar changes in emissions. The increase in system costs in the reference scenario to meet this additional demand is comparable to the change in system costs associated with decreasing power sector emissions by approximately 50 % in 2050. This result underscores the importance of adequately incorporating the effects of long-run temperature change in climate policy analysis. AU - McFarland, James AU - Zhou, Yuyu AU - Clarke, Leon AU - Sullivan, Patrick AU - Colman, Jesse AU - Jaglom, Wendy S. AU - Colley, Michelle AU - Patel, Pralit AU - Eom, Jiyon AU - Kim, Son H. AU - Kyle, G. Page AU - Schultz, Peter AU - Venkatesh, Boddu AU - Haydel, Juanita AU - Mack, Charlotte AU - Creason, Jared DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-015-1380-8 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 111-125 ST - Impacts of rising air temperatures and emissions mitigation on electricity demand and supply in the United States: A multi-model comparison T2 - Climatic Change TI - Impacts of rising air temperatures and emissions mitigation on electricity demand and supply in the United States: A multi-model comparison VL - 131 ID - 21332 ER - TY - CHAP AU - McField, Melanie C4 - 79210fc2-f950-410f-92c4-672714f4e28e CY - UK PB - Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme PY - 2017 SP - 52-59 ST - Impacts of climate change on coral in the coastal and marine environments of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) T2 - CME Caribbean Marine Climate Change Report Card 2017: Science Review 2017 TI - Impacts of climate change on coral in the coastal and marine environments of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) UR - http://crfm.int/~uwohxjxf/images/6._Coral.pdf ID - 26697 ER - TY - RPRT AU - McGarth, Chantel CY - Munich, Germany PB - ProDes Project and Aquamarine Power Ltd PY - 2010 SP - 91 ST - Renewable Desalination Market Analysis: Oceania, South Africa, Middle East & North Africa T2 - ProDes Project TI - Renewable Desalination Market Analysis: Oceania, South Africa, Middle East & North Africa UR - http://www.prodes-project.org/fileadmin/Files/Export_Market_Analysis.pdf ID - 22473 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As urban space continues to expand to accommodate a growing global population, there remains a real need to quantify and qualify the impacts of urban space on natural processes. The expansion of global urban areas has resulted in marked alterations to natural processes, environmental quality and natural resource consumption. The urban landscape influences infiltration and evapotranspiration, complicating our capacity to quantify their dynamics across a heterogeneous landscape at contrasting scales. Impervious surfaces exacerbate runoff processes, whereas runoff from pervious areas remains uncertain owing to variable infiltration dynamics. Increasingly, the link between the natural hydrological cycle and engineered water cycle has been made, realising the contributions from leaky infrastructure to recharge and runoff rates. Urban landscapes are host to a suite of contaminants that impact on water quality, where novel contaminants continue to pose new challenges to monitoring and treatment regimes. This review seeks to assess the major advances and remaining challenges that remain within the growing field of urban hydrology.Editor M.C. Acreman; Associate editor E. Rozos AU - McGrane, Scott J. DA - 2016/10/02 DO - 10.1080/02626667.2015.1128084 IS - 13 KW - urban urbanization Water PY - 2016 SN - 0262-6667 SP - 2295-2311 ST - Impacts of urbanisation on hydrological and water quality dynamics, and urban water management: A review T2 - Hydrological Sciences Journal TI - Impacts of urbanisation on hydrological and water quality dynamics, and urban water management: A review VL - 61 ID - 22787 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McGrath, D. AU - Sass, L. AU - O'Neel, S. AU - Arendt, A. AU - Kienholz, C. DO - 10.1002/2016EF000479 KW - glaciers hypsometry modelling mass balance 0720 Glaciers 0762 Mass balance 0798 Modeling 0772 Distribution PY - 2017 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 324-336 ST - Hypsometric control on glacier mass balance sensitivity in Alaska and northwest Canada T2 - Earth's Future TI - Hypsometric control on glacier mass balance sensitivity in Alaska and northwest Canada VL - 5 ID - 22247 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McGrath, Justin M AU - Lobell, David B DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014054 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 014054 ST - Regional disparities in the CO2 fertilization effect and implications for crop yields T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Regional disparities in the CO2 fertilization effect and implications for crop yields VL - 8 ID - 22615 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rainfall records for 23 countries and territories in the western Pacific have been collated for the purpose of examining trends in total and extreme rainfall since 1951. For some countries this is the first time that their data have been included in this type of analysis and for others the number of stations examined is more than twice that available in the current literature. Station trends in annual total and extreme rainfall for 1961–2011 are spatially heterogeneous and largely not statistically significant. This differs with the results of earlier studies that show spatially coherent trends that tended to reverse in the vicinity of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ). We infer that the difference is due to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation switching to a negative phase from about 1999, largely reversing earlier rainfall changes. Trend analyses for 1981–2011 show wetter conditions in the West Pacific Monsoon (WPM) region and southwest of the mean SPCZ position. In the tropical North Pacific it has become wetter west of 160°E with the Intertropical Convergence Zone/WPM expanding northwards west of 140°E. Northeast of the SPCZ and in the central tropical Pacific east of about 160°E it has become drier. Our findings for the South Pacific subtropics are consistent with broader trends seen in parts of southern and eastern Australia towards reduced rainfall. The relationship between total and extreme rainfall and Pacific basin sea surface temperatures (SSTs) has been investigated with a focus on the influence of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We substantiate a strong relationship between ENSO and total rainfall and establish similar relationships for the threshold extreme indices. The percentile-based and absolute extreme indices are influenced by ENSO to a lesser extent and in some cases the influence is marginal. Undoubtedly, larger-scale SST variability is not the only influence on these indices. AU - McGree, S. AU - Whan, K. AU - Jones, D. AU - Alexander, L. V. AU - Imielska, A. AU - Diamond, H. AU - Ene, E. AU - Finaulahi, S. AU - Inape, K. AU - Jacklick, L. AU - Kumar, R. AU - Laurent, V. AU - Malala, H. AU - Malsale, P. AU - Moniz, T. AU - Ngemaes, M. AU - Peltier, A. AU - Porteous, A. AU - Pulehetoa-Mitiepo, R. AU - Seuseu, S. AU - Skilling, E. AU - Tahani, L. AU - Teimitsi, F. AU - Toorua, U. AU - Vaiimene, M. DA - 2014/06/01/ DO - 10.1002/joc.3874 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 8 KW - Pacific Islands ETCCDI SPCZ extreme climate indices IPO LA - en PY - 2014 SN - 1097-0088 SP - 2775-2791 ST - An updated assessment of trends and variability in total and extreme rainfall in the western Pacific T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - An updated assessment of trends and variability in total and extreme rainfall in the western Pacific VL - 34 Y2 - 2017/09/23/01:33:54 ID - 22474 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The contiguous United States contains a disconnected patchwork of natural lands. This fragmentation by human activities limits species’ ability to track suitable climates as they rapidly shift. However, most models that project species movement needs have not examined where fragmentation will limit those movements. Here, we quantify climate connectivity, the capacity of landscape configuration to allow species movement in the face of dynamically shifting climate. Using this metric, we assess to what extent habitat fragmentation will limit species movements in response to climate change. We then evaluate how creating corridors to promote climate connectivity could potentially mitigate these restrictions, and we assess where strategies to increase connectivity will be most beneficial. By analyzing fragmentation patterns across the contiguous United States, we demonstrate that only 41% of natural land area retains enough connectivity to allow plants and animals to maintain climatic parity as the climate warms. In the eastern United States, less than 2% of natural area is sufficiently connected. Introducing corridors to facilitate movement through human-dominated regions increases the percentage of climatically connected natural area to 65%, with the most impactful gains in low-elevation regions, particularly in the southeastern United States. These climate connectivity analyses allow ecologists and conservation practitioners to determine the most effective regions for increasing connectivity. More importantly, our findings demonstrate that increasing climate connectivity is critical for allowing species to track rapidly changing climates, reconfiguring habitats to promote access to suitable climates. AU - McGuire, Jenny L. AU - Lawler, Joshua J. AU - McRae, Brad H. AU - Nuñez, Tristan A. AU - Theobald, David M. DA - June 28, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1602817113 IS - 26 PY - 2016 SP - 7195-7200 ST - Achieving climate connectivity in a fragmented landscape T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Achieving climate connectivity in a fragmented landscape VL - 113 ID - 23413 ER - TY - RPRT AU - McGuire, Virginia L. CY - Reston, VA DB - USGS Publications Warehouse DO - 10.3133/sir20175040 LA - English M3 - Report NV - Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5040 PB - U. S. Geological Survey PY - 2017 SN - 2017-5040 SP - 24 ST - Water-Level and Recoverable Water in Storage Changes, High Plains Aquifer, Predevelopment to 2015 and 2013–15 TI - Water-Level and Recoverable Water in Storage Changes, High Plains Aquifer, Predevelopment to 2015 and 2013–15 ID - 23630 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McKee, Karen L. AU - Mendelssohn, Irving A. AU - D. Materne, Michael DO - 10.1111/j.1466-882X.2004.00075.x IS - 1 KW - Climate change disturbance Louisiana pyrite salinity sea-level soil acidification Spartina USA wetland PY - 2004 SN - 1466-8238 SP - 65-73 ST - Acute salt marsh dieback in the Mississippi River deltaic plain: A drought-induced phenomenon? T2 - Global Ecology and Biogeography TI - Acute salt marsh dieback in the Mississippi River deltaic plain: A drought-induced phenomenon? VL - 13 ID - 24354 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McKelvey, K.S. AU - Copeland, J.P. AU - Schwartz, M.K. AU - Littell, J.S. AU - Aubry, K.B. AU - Squires, J.R. AU - Parks, S.A. AU - Elsner, M.M. AU - Mauger, G.S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1890/10-2206.1 IS - 8 PY - 2011 SN - 1051-0761 SP - 2882-2897 ST - Climate change predicted to shift wolverine distributions, connectivity, and dispersal corridors T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Climate change predicted to shift wolverine distributions, connectivity, and dispersal corridors VL - 21 ID - 14444 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We present 50-year updates for two plant hardiness models (maps), developed originally by Agriculture Canada and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), that are widely used for plant selection decisions in Canada. The updated maps show clear northward shifts in hardiness zones across western Canada. Shifts are less dramatic in southeastern Canada, with modest increases in zone values associated with the Canadian map but modest declines associated with the USDA approach. Species-specific climate envelope models are an alternative to generalized hardiness zones. We generated climate envelopes for 62 northern tree species over the same 50-year interval and found an average northward shift of 57 kilometers. These changes signal an increase in the productivity and diversity of plants that can be grown in Canada. However, late spring frosts and other factors discussed herein may limit the extent to which this potential is realized. AU - McKenney, Daniel W. AU - Pedlar, John H. AU - Lawrence, Kevin AU - Papadopol, Pia AU - Campbell, Kathy AU - Hutchinson, Michael F. DO - 10.1093/biosci/biu016 IS - 4 N1 - 10.1093/biosci/biu016 PY - 2014 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 341-350 ST - Change and evolution in the plant hardiness zones of Canada T2 - BioScience TI - Change and evolution in the plant hardiness zones of Canada VL - 64 ID - 24355 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McKenzie, Donald AU - Littell, Jeremy S. DO - 10.1002/eap.1420 IS - 1 KW - climate change ecosections lagged response negative feedback nonstationarity water-balance deficit PY - 2017 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 26-36 ST - Climate change and the eco-hydrology of fire: Will area burned increase in a warming western USA? T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Climate change and the eco-hydrology of fire: Will area burned increase in a warming western USA? VL - 27 ID - 21973 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Bytnerowicz, Andrzej A2 - Arbaugh, Michael J. A2 - Riebau, Allen R. A2 - Andersen, Christian AU - McKenzie, D. AU - Peterson, D.L. AU - Littell, J.J. C4 - 6a236496-3436-481f-a3a4-ce35b52c0f0b DO - 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00015-6 PB - Elsevier, Ltd. PY - 2008 SN - 978-0-08-055609-3 SP - 319-337 ST - Ch. 15: Global warming and stress complexes in forests of western North America T2 - Developments in Environmental Sciences TI - Ch. 15: Global warming and stress complexes in forests of western North America VL - 8 ID - 14448 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McKenzie, Donald AU - Shankar, Uma AU - Keane, Robert E. AU - Stavros, E. Natasha AU - Heilman, Warren E. AU - Fox, Douglas G. AU - Riebau, Allen C. DO - 10.1002/2013EF000180 IS - 2 KW - climate change smoke transport feedbacks coupled models 0439 Ecosystems: structure and dynamics 1630 Impacts of global change PY - 2014 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 35-59 ST - Smoke consequences of new wildfire regimes driven by climate change T2 - Earth's Future TI - Smoke consequences of new wildfire regimes driven by climate change VL - 2 ID - 21971 ER - TY - THES A3 - Giambelluca, Tom W. AU - McKenzie, Marie M. CY - Mānoa, HI M3 - Master's PB - University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa PY - 2016 ST - Regional temperature trends in Hawaiʻi: A century of change, 1916–2015 T2 - Department of Geography TI - Regional temperature trends in Hawaiʻi: A century of change, 1916–2015 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10125/51292 VL - M.A. ID - 22475 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Domoic acid is a potent neurotoxin produced by certain marine microalgae that can accumulate in the foodweb, posing a health threat to human seafood consumers and wildlife in coastal regions worldwide. Evidence of climatic regulation of domoic acid in shellfish over the past 20 y in the Northern California Current regime is shown. The timing of elevated domoic acid is strongly related to warm phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Oceanic Niño Index, an indicator of El Niño events. Ocean conditions in the northeast Pacific that are associated with warm phases of these indices, including changes in prevailing currents and advection of anomalously warm water masses onto the continental shelf, are hypothesized to contribute to increases in this toxin. We present an applied domoic acid risk assessment model for the US West Coast based on combined climatic and local variables. Evidence of regional- to basin-scale controls on domoic acid has not previously been presented. Our findings have implications in coastal zones worldwide that are affected by this toxin and are particularly relevant given the increased frequency of anomalously warm ocean conditions. AU - McKibben, S. Morgaine AU - Peterson, William AU - Wood, A. Michelle AU - Trainer, Vera L. AU - Hunter, Matthew AU - White, Angelicque E. DA - January 10, 2017 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1606798114 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SP - 239-244 ST - Climatic regulation of the neurotoxin domoic acid T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climatic regulation of the neurotoxin domoic acid VL - 114 ID - 23823 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Phenological advancements driven by climate change are especially pronounced at higher latitudes, so that migrants from lower latitudes may increasingly arrive at breeding grounds after the appearance of seasonal resources. To explore this possibility, we compared dates of first arrival of Broad‐tailed Hummingbirds (Selasphorus platycercus) to dates of flowering of plants they visit for nectar. Near the southern limit of the breeding range, neither hummingbird arrival nor first flowering dates have changed significantly over the past few decades. At a nearby migration stopover site, first flowering of a major food plant has advanced, but peak flowering has not. Near the northern limit of the breeding range, first and peak flowering of early‐season food plants have shifted to earlier dates, resulting in a shorter interval between appearance of first hummingbirds and first flowers. If phenological shifts continue at current rates, hummingbirds will eventually arrive at northern breeding grounds after flowering begins, which could reduce their nesting success. These results support the prediction that migratory species may experience the greatest phenological mismatches at the poleward limits of their migration. A novel hypothesis based on these results posits that the poleward limit for some species may contract toward lower latitudes under continued warming. AU - McKinney, Amy M. AU - CaraDonna, Paul J. AU - Inouye, David W. AU - Barr, Billy AU - Bertelsen, C. David AU - Waser, Nickolas M. DO - 10.1890/12-0255.1 IS - 9 PY - 2012 SP - 1987-1993 ST - Asynchronous changes in phenology of migrating Broad‐tailed Hummingbirds and their early‐season nectar resources T2 - Ecology TI - Asynchronous changes in phenology of migrating Broad‐tailed Hummingbirds and their early‐season nectar resources VL - 93 ID - 25703 ER - TY - RPRT AU - McLain, Kelly AU - Hancock, Jaclyn AU - Drennan, Margaret CY - Olympia, WA NV - AGR PUB 104-495 PB - Washington State Academy of Sciences PY - 2017 SP - 15 ST - Drought and Agriculture: A Study by the Washington State Department of Agriculture TI - Drought and Agriculture: A Study by the Washington State Department of Agriculture UR - https://agr.wa.gov/FP/Pubs/docs/495-2015DroughtReport.pdf ID - 24775 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forests cover 30% of the terrestrial Earth surface and are a major component of the global carbon (C) cycle. Humans have doubled the amount of global reactive nitrogen (N), increasing deposition of N onto forests worldwide. However, other global changes—especially climate change and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations—are increasing demand for N, the element limiting primary productivity in temperate forests, which could be reducing N availability. To determine the long-term, integrated effects of global changes on forest N cycling, we measured stable N isotopes in wood, a proxy for N supply relative to demand, on large spatial and temporal scales across the continental U.S.A. Here, we show that forest N availability has generally declined across much of the U.S. since at least 1850 C.E. with cool, wet forests demonstrating the greatest declines. Across sites, recent trajectories of N availability were independent of recent atmospheric N deposition rates, implying a minor role for modern N deposition on the trajectory of N status of North American forests. Our results demonstrate that current trends of global changes are likely to be consistent with forest oligotrophication into the foreseeable future, further constraining forest C fixation and potentially storage. AU - McLauchlan, K. K. AU - Gerhart, L. M. AU - Battles, J. J. AU - Craine, J. M. AU - Elmore, A. J. AU - Higuera, P. E. AU - Mack, M. C. AU - McNeil, B. E. AU - Nelson, D. M. AU - Pederson, N. AU - Perakis, S. S. DA - 2017/08/10 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-08170-z IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 7856 ST - Centennial-scale reductions in nitrogen availability in temperate forests of the United States T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Centennial-scale reductions in nitrogen availability in temperate forests of the United States VL - 7 ID - 21970 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McLaughlin, J. B. AU - DePaola, A. AU - Bopp, C. A. AU - Martinek, K. A. AU - Napolilli, N. P. AU - Allison, C. G. AU - Murray, S. L. AU - Thompson, E. C. AU - Bird, M. M. AU - Middaugh, J. P. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa051594 IS - 14 PY - 2005 RN - http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa051594 SP - 1463-1470 ST - Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis associated with Alaskan oysters T2 - The New England Journal of Medicine TI - Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis associated with Alaskan oysters VL - 353 ID - 14451 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McLean, Natalie Melissa AU - Stephenson, Tannecia Sydia AU - Taylor, Michael Alexander AU - Campbell, Jayaka Danaco C7 - 425987 DO - 10.1155/2015/425987 PY - 2015 SP - Art. 425987 ST - Characterization of future Caribbean rainfall and temperature extremes across rainfall zones T2 - Advances in Meteorology TI - Characterization of future Caribbean rainfall and temperature extremes across rainfall zones VL - 2015 ID - 25027 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mcleod, Elizabeth AU - Chmura, Gail L. AU - Bouillon, Steven AU - Salm, Rodney AU - Björk, Mats AU - Duarte, Carlos M. AU - Lovelock, Catherine E. AU - Schlesinger, William H. AU - Silliman, Brian R. DO - 10.1890/110004 IS - 10 PY - 2011 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 552-560 ST - A blueprint for blue carbon: Toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2 T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - A blueprint for blue carbon: Toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2 VL - 9 ID - 21735 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McLeod, Robert S. AU - Hopfe, Christina J. AU - Rezgui, Yacine DA - 2012/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.08.045 KW - Climate change scenarios Probabilistic climate data Passivhaus PHPP Urban heat islands PY - 2012 SN - 0378-7788 SP - 481-493 ST - A proposed method for generating high resolution current and future climate data for Passivhaus design T2 - Energy and Buildings TI - A proposed method for generating high resolution current and future climate data for Passivhaus design VL - 55 ID - 25622 ER - TY - BLOG AU - McManus, Gary M1 - June 1 PB - Oklahoma Climatological Survey PY - 2015 ST - Historic May rains eliminate drought T2 - The OCS Mesonet Ticker TI - Historic May rains eliminate drought UR - http://ticker.mesonet.org/select.php?mo=06&da=01&yr=2015 ID - 25806 ER - TY - JOUR AD - National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. tony.mcmichael@anu.edu.au AU - McMichael, A. J. C6 - NIEHS DA - Apr 4 DB - DO - 10.1056/NEJMra1109341 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2013/04/05 IS - 14 KW - Climate Change Environment Health Humans Internationality Population Growth Urbanization LA - eng N1 - McMichael, Anthony J United States N Engl J Med. 2013 Apr 4;368(14):1335-43. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1109341. PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved - in Distiller SN - 1533-4406 (Electronic) 0028-4793 (Linking) SP - 1335-1343 ST - Globalization, climate change, and human health T2 - The New England Journal of Medicine TI - Globalization, climate change, and human health VL - 368 ID - 4825 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Local and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) systems are thought to be particularly valuable for fostering adaptation and resilience to environmental and climate change. This paper investigates the role of TEK in adaptation to social–ecological change at the community level. It is unique because it takes a longitudinal perspective and draws on historical and contemporary data. We focus on a case study from Hawai‘i where TEK, cultural identity, and their relationships to environmental stewardship are locally seen as the basis for social resilience. We describe how coping strategies and indicators of social resilience have changed over time; the role of TEK in resilience; and the implications for climate change adaptation. Our results show the relative contributions of some strategies to cope with social–ecological change have decreased (e.g., forecasting, storage, and mobility), while others have maintained but adapted (e.g., livelihood diversification, knowledge transmission and storage, communal pooling, and cultural identity), underscoring the importance of considering multiple strategies together to promote community resilience. The article argues that understanding how people responded in the past can suggest relevant and culturally appropriate ways—through specific language, values, reference points, and indicators expressed in narratives, proverbs, and songs—of situating climate change and framing adaptation planning. This research also shows that TEK is vital for adaptation to environmental change broadly and climate change in particular, for subsistence-based, indigenous, rural communities, as well as place-based communities living in mixed economies. Thus, it is relevant for the larger Pacific Islands region and other areas that represent a continuum from rural-to-urban and traditional-to-global economies and lifeways. AU - McMillen, Heather AU - Ticktin, Tamara AU - Springer, Hannah Kihalani DA - 2017/02/01/ DO - 10.1007/s10113-016-1032-1 DP - link.springer.com IS - 2 LA - en PY - 2017 SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X SP - 579-592 ST - The future is behind us: Traditional ecological knowledge and resilience over time on Hawai‘i Island T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - The future is behind us: Traditional ecological knowledge and resilience over time on Hawai‘i Island VL - 17 Y2 - 2017/09/26/00:40:44 ID - 22476 ER - TY - RPRT AU - McNamara, Julie AU - Clemmer, Steven AU - Dahl, Kristina AU - Spanger-Siegfried, Erika CY - Cambridge, MA PB - Union of Concerned Scientists PY - 2015 SP - 40 ST - Lights Out? Storm Surge, Blackouts, and How Clean Energy Can Help TI - Lights Out? Storm Surge, Blackouts, and How Clean Energy Can Help UR - https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2015/10/lights-out-full-report.pdf ID - 25437 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McNamara, Karen Elizabeth DA - 2013/12// DO - 10.1111/apv.12033 DP - CrossRef IS - 3 LA - en PY - 2013 SN - 13607456 SP - 398-405 ST - Taking stock of community-based climate-change adaptation projects in the Pacific: Climate change adaptation in the Pacific T2 - Asia Pacific Viewpoint TI - Taking stock of community-based climate-change adaptation projects in the Pacific: Climate change adaptation in the Pacific VL - 54 Y2 - 2016/10/27/23:38:06 ID - 22477 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McNaught, Rebecca AU - Warrick, Olivia AU - Cooper, Andrew DA - 2014/08// DO - 10.1007/s10113-014-0592-1 DP - CrossRef IS - 4 LA - en PY - 2014 SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X SP - 1491-1503 ST - Communicating climate change for adaptation in rural communities: A Pacific study T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - Communicating climate change for adaptation in rural communities: A Pacific study VL - 14 Y2 - 2016/10/27/23:38:06 ID - 22478 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Much of the academic literature and policy discussions about sustainable development and climate change adaptation focus on poor and developing nations, yet many tribal communities inside the United States include marginalized peoples and developing nations who face structural barriers to effectively adapt to climate change. There is a need to critically examine diverse climate change risks for indigenous peoples in the United States and the many structural barriers that limit their ability to adapt to climate change. This paper uses a sustainable climate adaptation framework to outline the context and the relationships of power and authority, along with different ways of knowing and meaning, to illustrate the underpinnings of some tribes’ barriers to sustainable climate adaptation. The background of those structural barriers for tribes is traced, and then the case of water rights and management at the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming is used to illustrate the interplay of policy, culture, climate, justice, and limits to adaptation. Included is a discussion about how the rulings of the Big Horn general stream adjudication have hindered tribal climate change adaptation by limiting the quantity of tribal reserved water rights, tying those rights to the sole purposes of agriculture, which undermines social and cultural connections to the land and water, and failing to recognizing tribal rights to groundwater. Future climate projections suggest increasing temperatures, and changes in the amount and timing of snowpack, along with receding glaciers, all of which impact water availability downstream. Therefore, building capacity to take control of land and water resources and preparing for climate change and drought at Wind River Reservation is of critical importance. AU - McNeeley, Shannon M. DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-16-0121.1 IS - 3 KW - Social Science,North America,Policy,Societal impacts PY - 2017 SP - 393-404 ST - Sustainable climate change adaptation in Indian Country T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Sustainable climate change adaptation in Indian Country VL - 9 ID - 21631 ER - TY - RPRT AU - McNeeley, Shannon M. AU - Beeton, Tyler A. CY - Fort Collins, CO PB - North Central Climate Science Center PY - 2017 SP - 84 ST - Wind River Reservation: Drought Risk and Adaptation in the Interior (DRAI) Report. A Report for the Wind River Indian Reservation’s Vulnerability to the Impacts of Drought and the Development of Decision Tools to Support Drought Preparedness Project TI - Wind River Reservation: Drought Risk and Adaptation in the Interior (DRAI) Report. A Report for the Wind River Indian Reservation’s Vulnerability to the Impacts of Drought and the Development of Decision Tools to Support Drought Preparedness Project UR - https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b7041ae4b08b1644ddf9b4 ID - 21677 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Drought is a natural part of the historical climate variability in the northern Rocky Mountains and high plains region of the United States. However, recent drought impacts and climate change projections have increased the need for a systematized way to document and understand drought in a manner that is meaningful to public land and resource managers. The purpose of this exploratory study was to characterize the ways in which some federal and tribal natural resource managers experienced and dealt with drought on lands managed by the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) and tribes in two case site examples (northwest Colorado and southwest South Dakota) that have experienced high drought exposure in the last two decades. The authors employed a social–ecological system framework, whereby key informant interviews and local and regional drought indicator data were used characterize the social and ecological factors that contribute to drought vulnerability and the ways in which drought onset, persistence, severity, and recovery impact management. Results indicated that local differences in the timing, decisions, and specific management targets defined within the local social–ecological natural resource contexts are critical to understanding drought impacts, vulnerabilities, and responses. These findings suggest that manager-defined social–ecological contexts are critically important to understand how drought is experienced across the landscape and the indices that are needed to inform adaptation and response strategies. AU - McNeeley, Shannon M. AU - Beeton, Tyler A. AU - Ojima, Dennis S. DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-15-0042.1 IS - 2 KW - Geographic location/entity,North America,Physical Meteorology and Climatology,Climatology,Applications,Ecosystem effects,Local effects,Regional effects,Societal impacts PY - 2016 SP - 147-161 ST - Drought risk and adaptation in the interior United States: Understanding the importance of local context for resource management in times of drought T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Drought risk and adaptation in the interior United States: Understanding the importance of local context for resource management in times of drought VL - 8 ID - 21630 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McNeeley, Shannon M. AU - Dewes, Candida F. AU - Stiles, Crystal J. AU - Beeton, Tyler A. AU - Rangwala, Imtiaz AU - Hobbins, Michael T. AU - Knutson, Cody L. DA - 2017/09/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2017.09.004 KW - Drought Climate vulnerability Drought preparedness Indigenous adaptation Co-production PY - 2018 SN - 2212-0963 SP - 61-82 ST - Anatomy of an interrupted irrigation season: Micro-drought at the Wind River Indian Reservation T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - Anatomy of an interrupted irrigation season: Micro-drought at the Wind River Indian Reservation VL - 19 ID - 24932 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The way in which people perceive climate change risk is informed by their social interactions and cultural worldviews comprising fundamental beliefs about society and nature. Therefore, perceptions of climate change risk and vulnerability along with people’s “myths of nature”—that is, how groups of people conceptualize the way nature functions—influence the feasibility and acceptability of climate adaptation planning, policy making, and implementation. This study presents analyses of cultural worldviews that broaden the current treatments of culture and climate change mitigation and adaptation decision making in communities. The authors use insights from community-based climate research and engage the Cultural Theory of Risk conceptual framework to situate community understandings of, and responses to, climate impacts. This study looks at how the issue of climate change manifests socially in four cases in the United States and Tuvalu and how ideas about climate change are produced by the institutional cultural contexts across scales from the local to the global. This approach helps us identify local and regional priorities and support the development of new relationships for adaptation research and planning by helping to diagnose barriers to climate change adaptation, assist improved communication through framing/reframing climate issues based on shared understandings and collective learning, and help move from conflict to cooperation through better negotiation of diverse worldviews. AU - McNeeley, Shannon M. AU - Lazrus, Heather DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-13-00027.1 IS - 4 KW - North America,Pacific Ocean,Planning,Policy,Risk assessment,Societal impacts PY - 2014 SP - 506-519 ST - The cultural theory of risk for climate change adaptation T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - The cultural theory of risk for climate change adaptation VL - 6 ID - 21629 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McNeeley, Shannon M. AU - Shulski, Martha D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.02.003 IS - 2 KW - Human health PY - 2011 SN - 09593780 SP - 464-473 ST - Anatomy of a closing window: Vulnerability to changing seasonality in Interior Alaska T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Anatomy of a closing window: Vulnerability to changing seasonality in Interior Alaska VL - 21 ID - 14460 ER - TY - RPRT AU - McNeill, Ryan AU - Nelson, Deborah J. AU - Wilson, Duff NV - Reuters Investigates PB - Thomson Reuters PY - 2014 ST - Water's Edge: The Crisis of Rising Sea Levels TI - Water's Edge: The Crisis of Rising Sea Levels UR - https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/waters-edge-the-crisis-of-rising-sea-levels/ ID - 24016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McNie, Elizabeth C. DA - 2013/01/01 DO - 10.1175/WCAS-D-11-00034.1 IS - 1 PY - 2012 SN - 1948-8327 SP - 14-26 ST - Delivering climate services: Organizational strategies and approaches for producing useful climate-science information T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Delivering climate services: Organizational strategies and approaches for producing useful climate-science information VL - 5 Y2 - 2015/06/24 ID - 22248 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Anderson, Terry AU - McNulty, Steve AU - Weiner, Sarah AU - Moore Myers, Jennifer AU - Farahani, Hamid AU - Fouladbash, Lisa AU - Marshall, David AU - Steele, Rachel F. CY - Washington, DC PB - USDA Agricultural Research Service PY - 2015 SP - 61 ST - Southeast Regional Climate Hub Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies TI - Southeast Regional Climate Hub Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies UR - https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/50521 ID - 24409 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - McNutt, Deborah CY - Olympia, WA PB - Evergreen State College, Northwest Indian Applied Research Institute PY - 2009 SP - 15 ST - Northwest Tribes: Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change TI - Northwest Tribes: Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change UR - http://osupress.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/climatechangebooklet.pdf ID - 24983 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McOliver, Cynthia A. AU - Camper, Anne K. AU - Doyle, John T. AU - Eggers, Margaret J. AU - Ford, Tim E. AU - Lila, Mary Ann AU - Berner, James AU - Campbell, Larry AU - Donatuto, Jamie DO - 10.3390/ijerph120404076 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 4076-4100 ST - Community-based research as a mechanism to reduce environmental health disparities in American Indian and Alaska Native communities T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Community-based research as a mechanism to reduce environmental health disparities in American Indian and Alaska Native communities VL - 12 ID - 24639 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McPhaden, Michael J. AU - Busalacchi, Antonio J. AU - Anderson, David L.T. DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2010.26 IS - 3 PY - 2010 SP - 86–103 ST - A TOGA retrospective T2 - Oceanography TI - A TOGA retrospective VL - 23 ID - 22062 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Established as a multipurpose network, the Oklahoma Mesonet operates more than 110 surface observing stations that send data every 5 min to an operations center for data quality assurance, product generation, and dissemination. Quality-assured data are available within 5 min of the observation time. Since 1994, the Oklahoma Mesonet has collected 3.5 billion weather and soil observations and produced millions of decision-making products for its customers. AU - McPherson, Renee A. AU - Fiebrich, Christopher A. AU - Crawford, Kenneth C. AU - Kilby, James R. AU - Grimsley, David L. AU - Martinez, Janet E. AU - Basara, Jeffrey B. AU - Illston, Bradley G. AU - Morris, Dale A. AU - Kloesel, Kevin A. AU - Melvin, Andrea D. AU - Shrivastava, Himanshu AU - Wolfinbarger, J. Michael AU - Bostic, Jared P. AU - Demko, David B. AU - Elliott, Ronald L. AU - Stadler, Stephen J. AU - Carlson, J. D. AU - Sutherland, Albert J. DO - 10.1175/jtech1976.1 IS - 3 KW - Quality assurance/control,Surface observations,Automatic weather station,Instrumentation,Mesoscale processes PY - 2007 SP - 301-321 ST - Statewide monitoring of the mesoscale environment: A technical update on the Oklahoma Mesonet T2 - Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology TI - Statewide monitoring of the mesoscale environment: A technical update on the Oklahoma Mesonet VL - 24 ID - 23561 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McQuatters-Gollop, Abigail AU - Reid, Philip C. AU - Edwards, Martin AU - Burkill, Peter H. AU - Castellani, Claudia AU - Batten, Sonia AU - Gieskes, Winfried AU - Beare, Doug AU - Bidigare, Robert R. AU - Head, Erica AU - Johnson, Rod AU - Kahru, Mati AU - Koslow, J. Anthony AU - Pena, Angelica DA - 04/13/online DO - 10.1038/nature09950 PY - 2011 SP - E6 ST - Is there a decline in marine phytoplankton? T2 - Nature TI - Is there a decline in marine phytoplankton? VL - 472 ID - 23414 ER - TY - RPRT AU - MDNR CY - St. Paul, MN PB - Minnesota Department of Natural Resources PY - 2008 SP - 114 ST - Natural Wild Rice in Minnesota TI - Natural Wild Rice in Minnesota UR - http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/fish_wildlife/wildlife/shallowlakes/natural-wild-rice-in-minnesota.pdf ID - 21260 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coproduction of knowledge is believed to be an effective way to produce usable climate science knowledge through a process of collaboration between scientists and decision makers. While the general principles of coproduction—establishing long-term relationships between scientists and stakeholders, ensuring two-way communication between both groups, and keeping the focus on the production of usable science—are well understood, the mechanisms for achieving those goals have been discussed less. It is proposed here that a more deliberate approach to building the relationships and communication channels between scientists and stakeholders will yield better outcomes. The authors present five approaches to collaborative research that can be used to structure a coproduction process that each suit different types of research or management questions, decision-making contexts, and resources and skills available to contribute to the process of engagement. By using established collaborative research approaches scientists can be more effective in learning from stakeholders, can be more confident when engaging with stakeholders because there are guideposts to follow, and can assess both the process and outcomes of collaborative projects, which will help the whole community of stakeholder-engaged climate-scientists learn about coproduction of knowledge. AU - Meadow, Alison M. AU - Ferguson, Daniel B. AU - Guido, Zack AU - Horangic, Alexandra AU - Owen, Gigi AU - Wall, Tamara DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-14-00050.1 IS - 2 KW - Communications/decision making,Policy,Societal impacts PY - 2015 SP - 179-191 ST - Moving toward the deliberate coproduction of climate science knowledge T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Moving toward the deliberate coproduction of climate science knowledge VL - 7 ID - 24931 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A method to assess the impacts of forecasted climate change on pavement deterioration is presented. Traditional methods of pavement design use historic climate data and assume that climate is stationary with time. Climate change challenges this assumption of stationarity (i.e., natural driving forces of engineering have a variability described by a time-invariant probability density function). Therefore, the use of historic climate data is insufficient for the prediction of climate conditions. The focus is on the preparation and the use of climate model data sets as inputs to the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) model to simulate flexible pavement performance and deterioration over time. The method is illustrated with a case study that uses future climate model temperature data from three North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program scenarios at four sites across New England. Pavement distress predicted with future temperature scenarios is compared with that from MEPDG temperature data. Application of the method demonstrates the importance of matching the overlapping periods before using climate forecast output in the MEPDG. Although the simulated impact of future temperature changes on pavement performance was negligible for alligator cracking at the four study sites, asphalt concrete rutting differences were great enough to warrant additional consideration and to suggest that climate change and variability in future climate scenarios could affect pavement design and evaluation. The proposed method can be used to evaluate the impact of other climate variables alone or in combination. The method also can readily use new climate model output and be adapted for new downscaling methods. AU - Meagher, William AU - Daniel, Jo AU - Jacobs, Jennifer AU - Linder, Ernst DO - 10.3141/2305-12 PY - 2012 SP - 111-120 ST - Method for evaluating implications of climate change for design and performance of flexible pavements T2 - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board TI - Method for evaluating implications of climate change for design and performance of flexible pavements VL - 2305 ID - 24551 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Temperature sounding microwave radiometers flown on polar-orbiting weather satellites provide a long-term, global-scale record of upper-atmosphere temperatures, beginning in late 1978 and continuing to the present. The focus of this paper is the midtropospheric measurements made by the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) channel 2 and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) channel 5. Previous versions of the Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) dataset have used a diurnal climatology derived from general circulation model output to remove the effects of drifting local measurement time. This paper presents evidence that this previous method is not sufficiently accurate and presents several alternative methods to optimize these adjustments using information from the satellite measurements themselves. These are used to construct a number of candidate climate data records using measurements from 15 MSU and AMSU satellites. The new methods result in improved agreement between measurements made by different satellites at the same time. A method is chosen based on an optimized second harmonic adjustment to produce a new version of the RSS dataset, version 4.0. The new dataset shows substantially increased global-scale warming relative to the previous version of the dataset, particularly after 1998. The new dataset shows more warming than most other midtropospheric data records constructed from the same set of satellites. It is also shown that the new dataset is consistent with long-term changes in total column water vapor over the tropical oceans, lending support to its long-term accuracy. AU - Mears, Carl A. AU - Wentz, Frank J. DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0744.1 IS - 10 KW - Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena,Troposphere,Physical Meteorology and Climatology,Temperature,Observational techniques and algorithms,Climate records,Microwave observations,Satellite observations PY - 2016 SP - 3629-3646 ST - Sensitivity of satellite-derived tropospheric temperature trends to the diurnal cycle adjustment T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Sensitivity of satellite-derived tropospheric temperature trends to the diurnal cycle adjustment VL - 29 ID - 19439 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Mecklenburg, C. W. AU - Mecklenburg, A. T. AU - Sheiko, Boris A. AU - Steinke, D. CY - Akureyi, Iceland NV - Monitoring Series Report No, 23 PB - Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) PY - 2016 SP - 406 ST - Pacific Arctic Marine Fishes TI - Pacific Arctic Marine Fishes UR - https://oaarchive.arctic-council.org/handle/11374/1773 ID - 22249 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Mecklenburg, Catherine W. AU - Mecklenburg, T. Anthony AU - Thorsteinson, Lyman K. C4 - 7c26ef52-3041-49fe-a99a-f597b17c72f6 CY - Bethesda, MD PB - American Fisheries Society PY - 2002 SN - 9781888569070 SP - 1116 ST - Fishes of Alaska TI - Fishes of Alaska ID - 22250 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Medek, Danielle E. AU - Schwartz, Joel AU - Myers, Samuel S. DO - 10.1289/EHP41 IS - 8 PY - 2017 SP - 087002 ST - Estimated effects of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations on protein intake and the risk of protein deficiency by country and region T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Estimated effects of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations on protein intake and the risk of protein deficiency by country and region VL - 125 ID - 24110 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Medellín-Azuara, J. AU - Howitt, R.E. AU - MacEwan, D.J. AU - Lund, J.R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0314-3 IS - 1 PY - 2012 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 387-405 ST - Economic impacts of climate-related changes to California agriculture T2 - Climatic Change TI - Economic impacts of climate-related changes to California agriculture VL - 109 ID - 14475 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Medellín-Azuara, Josué AU - MacEwan, Duncan AU - Howitt, Richard E. AU - Sumner, Daniel A. AU - Lund, Jay R. CY - Davis, CA PB - University of California-Davis, Center for Watershed Sciences PY - 2016 SP - 17 ST - Economic Analysis of the 2016 California Drought on Agriculture TI - Economic Analysis of the 2016 California Drought on Agriculture UR - https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/droughtimpacts ID - 23936 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Medina, Angel AU - Rodriguez, Alicia AU - Magan, Naresh DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00348 IS - 348 N1 - Ch6 PY - 2014 SN - 1664-302X ST - Effect of climate change on Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 production T2 - Frontiers in Microbiology TI - Effect of climate change on Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 production VL - 5 ID - 16206 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND: Extremes of temperature are associated with short-term increases in daily mortality. OBJECTIVES: We set out to identify subpopulations and mortality causes with increased susceptibility to temperature extremes. METHODS: We conducted a case-only analysis using daily mortality and hourly weather data from 50 U.S. cities for the period 1989–2000, covering a total of 7,789,655 deaths. We used distributions of daily minimum and maximum temperature in each city to define extremely hot days (≥ 99th percentile) and extremely cold days (≤ 1st percentile), respectively. For each (hypothesized) effect modifier, a city-specific logistic regression model was fitted and an overall estimate calculated in a subsequent meta-analysis. RESULTS: Older subjects [odds ratio (OR) = 1.020; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.005–1.034], diabetics (OR = 1.035; 95% CI, 1.010–1.062), blacks (OR = 1.037; 95% CI, 1.016–1.059), and those dying outside a hospital (OR = 1.066; 95% CI, 1.036–1.098) were more susceptible to extreme heat, with some differences observed between those dying from a cardiovascular disease and other decedents. Cardiovascular deaths (OR = 1.053; 95% CI, 1.036–1.070), and especially cardiac arrest deaths (OR =1.137; 95% CI, 1.051–1.230), showed a greater relative increase on extremely cold days, whereas the increase in heat-related mortality was marginally higher for those with coexisting atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.059; 95% CI, 0.996–1.125). CONCLUSIONS: In this study we identified several subpopulations and mortality causes particularly susceptible to temperature extremes. This knowledge may contribute to establishing health programs that would better protect the vulnerable. AU - Medina-Ramón, Mercedes AU - Zanobetti, Antonella AU - Cavanagh, David Paul AU - Schwartz, Joel DA - 07/06 02/06/received 07/05/accepted DB - PMC DO - 10.1289/ehp.9074 IS - 9 N1 - ehp0114-001331[PII] 16966084[pmid] Environ Health Perspect PY - 2006 SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 SP - 1331-1336 ST - Extreme temperatures and mortality: Assessing effect modification by personal characteristics and specific cause of death in a multi-city case-only analysis T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Extreme temperatures and mortality: Assessing effect modification by personal characteristics and specific cause of death in a multi-city case-only analysis VL - 114 ID - 23824 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Erda, Lin A2 - Bolhofer, W.C. A2 - Huq, S. A2 - Lenhart, S. A2 - Mukherjee, S.K. A2 - Smith, J.B. A2 - Wisniewski, J. AU - Meehl, G. A. C4 - 8bc3a3d4-e52d-45d1-adc0-89a5691309ff CY - Netherlands DO - 10.1007/978-94-017-1053-4 PB - Springer PY - 1996 SN - 978-0-7923-4204-5 978-90-481-4745-8 978-94-017-1053-4 SP - 203-213 ST - Vulnerability of freshwater resources to climate change in the tropical Pacific region T2 - Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation in Asia and the Pacific: Manila, Philippines, 15–19 January 1996 TI - Vulnerability of freshwater resources to climate change in the tropical Pacific region ID - 25863 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meehl, G.A. AU - Arblaster, J.M. AU - Branstator, G. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00655.1 IS - 2012 PY - 2012 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 6394-6408 ST - Mechanisms contributing to the warming hole and the consequent US east–west differential of heat extremes T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Mechanisms contributing to the warming hole and the consequent US east–west differential of heat extremes VL - 25 ID - 14478 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A coordinated set of global coupled climate model [atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM)] experiments for twentieth- and twenty-first-century climate, as well as several climate change commitment and other experiments, was run by 16 modeling groups from 11 countries with 23 models for assessment in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Since the assessment was completed, output from another model has been added to the dataset, so the participation is now 17 groups from 12 countries with 24 models. This effort, as well as the subsequent analysis phase, was organized by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Working Group on Coupled Models (WGCM) Climate Simulation Panel, and constitutes the third phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). The dataset is called the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset, and represents the largest and most comprehensive international global coupled climate model experiment and multimodel analysis effort ever attempted. As of March 2007, the Program for Climate Model Diagnostics and Intercomparison (PCMDI) has collected, archived, and served roughly 32 TB of model data. With oversight from the panel, the multimodel data were made openly available from PCMDI for analysis and academic applications. Over 171 TB of data had been downloaded among the more than 1000 registered users to date. Over 200 journal articles, based in part on the dataset, have been published so far. Though initially aimed at the IPCC AR4, this unique and valuable resource will continue to be maintained for at least the next several years. Never before has such an extensive set of climate model simulations been made available to the international climate science community for study. The ready access to the multimodel dataset opens up these types of model analyses to researchers, including students, who previously could not obtain state-of-the-art climate model output, and thus represents a new era in climate change research. As a direct consequence, these ongoing studies are increasing the body of knowledge regarding our understanding of how the climate system currently works, and how it may change in the future. AU - Meehl, Gerald A. AU - Covey, Curt AU - Taylor, Karl E. AU - Delworth, Thomas AU - Stouffer, Ronald J. AU - Latif, Mojib AU - McAvaney, Bryant AU - Mitchell, John F. B. DO - 10.1175/bams-88-9-1383 IS - 9 PY - 2007 SP - 1383-1394 ST - THE WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset: A new era in climate change research T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - THE WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset: A new era in climate change research VL - 88 ID - 25026 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Observed temperature extremes over the continental United States can be represented by the ratio of daily record high temperatures to daily record low minimum temperatures, and this ratio has increased to a value of about 2 to 1, averaged over the first decade of the 21st century, albeit with large interannual variability. Two different versions of a global coupled climate model (CCSM4), as well as 23 other coupled model intercomparison project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, show larger values of this ratio than observations, mainly as a result of greater numbers of record highs since the 1980s compared with observations. This is partly because of the “warm 1930s” in the observations, which made it more difficult to set record highs later in the century, and partly because of a trend toward less rainfall and reduced evapotranspiration in the model versions compared with observations. We compute future projections of this ratio on the basis of its estimated dependence on mean temperature increase, which we find robustly at play in both observations and simulations. The use of this relation also has the advantage of removing dependence of a projection on a specific scenario. An empirical projection of the ratio of record highs to record lows is obtained from the nonlinear relationship in observations from 1930 to 2015, thus correcting downward the likely biased future projections of the model. For example, for a 3 °C warming in US temperatures, the ratio of record highs to lows is projected to be ∼15 ± 8 compared to the present average ratio of just over 2. AU - Meehl, Gerald A. AU - Tebaldi, Claudia AU - Adams-Smith, Dennis DA - December 6, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1606117113 IS - 49 PY - 2016 SP - 13977-13982 ST - US daily temperature records past, present, and future T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - US daily temperature records past, present, and future VL - 113 ID - 20781 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Meeker, Danielle AU - Kettle, Nathan CY - Fairbanks PB - Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy PY - 2017 SP - 28 ST - A Synthesis of Climate Adaptation Planning Needs in Alaska Native Communities TI - A Synthesis of Climate Adaptation Planning Needs in Alaska Native Communities UR - https://accap.uaf.edu/Tribal_synthesis ID - 25850 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meerow, Sara AU - Newell, Joshua P. DA - 2017/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.10.005 KW - Green infrastructure Ecosystem services Resilience Detroit Spatial planning Urban greening PY - 2017 SN - 0169-2046 SP - 62-75 ST - Spatial planning for multifunctional green infrastructure: Growing resilience in Detroit T2 - Landscape and Urban Planning TI - Spatial planning for multifunctional green infrastructure: Growing resilience in Detroit VL - 159 ID - 26597 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fostering resilience in the face of environmental, socioeconomic, and political uncertainty and risk has captured the attention of academics and decision makers across disciplines, sectors, and scales. Resilience has become an important goal for cities, particularly in the face of climate change. Urban areas house the majority of the world's population, and, in addition to functioning as nodes of resource consumption and as sites for innovation, have become laboratories for resilience, both in theory and in practice. This paper reviews the scholarly literature on urban resilience and concludes that the term has not been well defined. Existing definitions are inconsistent and underdeveloped with respect to incorporation of crucial concepts found in both resilience theory and urban theory. Based on this literature review, and aided by bibliometric analysis, the paper identifies six conceptual tensions fundamental to urban resilience: (1) definition of ‘urban’; (2) understanding of system equilibrium; (3) positive vs. neutral (or negative) conceptualizations of resilience; (4) mechanisms for system change; (5) adaptation versus general adaptability; and (6) timescale of action. To advance this burgeoning field, more conceptual clarity is needed. This paper, therefore, proposes a new definition of urban resilience. This definition takes explicit positions on these tensions, but remains inclusive and flexible enough to enable uptake by, and collaboration among, varying disciplines. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the definition might serve as a boundary object, with the acknowledgement that applying resilience in different contexts requires answering: Resilience for whom and to what? When? Where? And why? AU - Meerow, Sara AU - Newell, Joshua P. AU - Stults, Melissa DA - 3// DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011 KW - Adaptation Urban Resilience PY - 2016 SN - 0169-2046 SP - 38-49 ST - Defining urban resilience: A review T2 - Landscape and Urban Planning TI - Defining urban resilience: A review VL - 147 ID - 22792 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The terrestrial phase of the water cycle can be seriously impacted by water management and human water use behavior (e.g., reservoir operation, and irrigation withdrawals). Here we outline a method for assessing water availability in a changing climate, while explicitly considering anthropogenic water demand scenarios and water supply infrastructure designed to cope with climatic extremes. The framework brings a top-down and bottom-up approach to provide localized water assessment based on local water supply infrastructure and projected water demands. When our framework is applied to southeastern Australia we find that, for some combinations of climatic change and water demand, the region could experience water stress similar or worse than the epic Millennium Drought. We show considering only the influence of future climate on water supply, and neglecting future changes in water demand and water storage augmentation might lead to opposing perspectives on future water availability. While human water use can significantly exacerbate climate change impacts on water availability, if managed well, it allows societies to react and adapt to a changing climate. The methodology we present offers a unique avenue for linking climatic and hydrologic processes to water resource supply and demand management and other human interactions. AU - Mehran, Ali AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Nakhjiri, Navid AU - Stewardson, Michael J. AU - Peel, Murray C. AU - Phillips, Thomas J. AU - Wada, Yoshihide AU - Ravalico, Jakin K. DA - 2017/07/24 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-06765-0 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 6282 ST - Compounding impacts of human-induced water stress and climate change on water availability T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Compounding impacts of human-induced water stress and climate change on water availability VL - 7 ID - 25378 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Using an ensemble of coupled physical‐biogeochemical models driven with regionalized data from global climate simulations we are able to quantify the influence of changing climate upon oxygen conditions in one of the numerous coastal seas (the Baltic Sea) that suffers worldwide from eutrophication and from expanding hypoxic zones. Applying various nutrient load scenarios we show that under the impact of warming climate hypoxic and anoxic areas will very likely increase or at best only slightly decrease (in case of optimistic nutrient load reductions) compared to present conditions, regardless of the used global model and climate scenario. The projected decreased oxygen concentrations are caused by (1) enlarged nutrient loads due to increased runoff, (2) reduced oxygen flux from the atmosphere to the ocean due to increased temperature, and (3) intensified internal nutrient cycling. In future climate a similar expansion of hypoxia as projected for the Baltic Sea can be expected also for other coastal oceans worldwide. AU - Meier, H. E. M. AU - Andersson, H. C. AU - Eilola, K. AU - Gustafsson, B. G. AU - Kuznetsov, I. AU - Müller‐Karulis, B. AU - Neumann, T. AU - Savchuk, O. P. DO - 10.1029/2011GL049929 IS - 24 PY - 2011 ST - Hypoxia in future climates: A model ensemble study for the Baltic Sea T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Hypoxia in future climates: A model ensemble study for the Baltic Sea VL - 38 ID - 25545 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meixner, Thomas AU - Manning, Andrew H. AU - Stonestrom, David A. AU - Allen, Diana M. AU - Ajami, Hoori AU - Blasch, Kyle W. AU - Brookfield, Andrea E. AU - Castro, Christopher L. AU - Clark, Jordan F. AU - Gochis, David J. AU - Flint, Alan L. AU - Neff, Kirstin L. AU - Niraula, Rewati AU - Rodell, Matthew AU - Scanlon, Bridget R. AU - Singha, Kamini AU - Walvoord, Michelle A. DA - 2016/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.027 KW - Groundwater recharge Recharge mechanisms Climate change Western United States PY - 2016 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 124-138 ST - Implications of projected climate change for groundwater recharge in the western United States T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Implications of projected climate change for groundwater recharge in the western United States VL - 534 ID - 23825 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meko, D.M. AU - Woodhouse, C.A. AU - Baisan, C.A. AU - Knight, T. AU - Lukas, J.J. AU - Hughes, M.K. AU - Salzer, M.W. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2007GL029988 IS - 10 PY - 2007 SN - 0094-8276 SP - L10705 ST - Medieval drought in the upper Colorado River Basin T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Medieval drought in the upper Colorado River Basin VL - 34 ID - 14489 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Meléndez, Edwin AU - Hinojosa, Jennifer CY - New York, NY PB - CUNY Hunter College, Center for Puerto Rican Studies (Centro) PY - 2017 SN - Centro RB2017-01 SP - 7 ST - Estimates of Post Hurricane Maria Exodus From Puerto Rico TI - Estimates of Post Hurricane Maria Exodus From Puerto Rico UR - https://centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/sites/default/files/RB2017-01-POST-MARIA%20EXODUS_V3.pdf ID - 26434 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Melia, N. AU - Haines, K. AU - Hawkins, E. DO - 10.1002/2016GL069315 IS - 18 KW - Arctic shipping sea ice climate projections 1630 Impacts of global change 1621 Cryospheric change 1616 Climate variability 9315 Arctic region PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 9720-9728 ST - Sea ice decline and 21st century trans-Arctic shipping routes T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Sea ice decline and 21st century trans-Arctic shipping routes VL - 43 ID - 22251 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It is still not clear how global warming will affect the global carbon cycle, either in terms of the magnitude of the effect or even its sign. Help in answering that question will come from long-term field-based experiments designed to explore carbon cycle-climate feedbacks in an ecosystem context. Melillo et al. performed a 26-year soil-warming experiment in a mid-latitude hardwood forest (see the Perspective by Metcalfe). Warming has resulted in a complex pattern of net carbon loss from the soil. These results support projections of a long-term, positive carbon feedback from similar ecosystems as the world warms.Science, this issue p. 101; See also p. 41In a 26-year soil warming experiment in a mid-latitude hardwood forest, we documented changes in soil carbon cycling to investigate the potential consequences for the climate system. We found that soil warming results in a four-phase pattern of soil organic matter decay and carbon dioxide fluxes to the atmosphere, with phases of substantial soil carbon loss alternating with phases of no detectable loss. Several factors combine to affect the timing, magnitude, and thermal acclimation of soil carbon loss. These include depletion of microbially accessible carbon pools, reductions in microbial biomass, a shift in microbial carbon use efficiency, and changes in microbial community composition. Our results support projections of a long-term, self-reinforcing carbon feedback from mid-latitude forests to the climate system as the world warms. AU - Melillo, J. M. AU - Frey, S. D. AU - DeAngelis, K. M. AU - Werner, W. J. AU - Bernard, M. J. AU - Bowles, F. P. AU - Pold, G. AU - Knorr, M. A. AU - Grandy, A. S. DO - 10.1126/science.aan2874 IS - 6359 PY - 2017 SP - 101-105 ST - Long-term pattern and magnitude of soil carbon feedback to the climate system in a warming world T2 - Science TI - Long-term pattern and magnitude of soil carbon feedback to the climate system in a warming world VL - 358 ID - 25163 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Melillo, J.M. AU - Reilly, J.M. AU - Kicklighter, D.W. AU - Gurgel, A.C. AU - Cronin, T.W. AU - Paltsev, S. AU - Felzer, B.S. AU - Wang, X. AU - Sokolov, A.P. AU - Schlosser, C.A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1126/science.1180251 IS - 5958 PY - 2009 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 1397-1399 ST - Indirect emissions from biofuels: How important? T2 - Science TI - Indirect emissions from biofuels: How important? VL - 326 ID - 14492 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Melillo, Jerry M. AU - Richmond, T.C. AU - Yohe, Gary W. CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0Z31WJ2 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 RN - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov SN - 9780160924026 SP - 841 ST - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment ID - 8675 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Melillo, Jerry M. AU - Richmond, T.C. AU - Yohe, Gary W. CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0H41PB6 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 148 ST - Highlights of Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Highlights of Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment ID - 8676 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mellin, C. AU - Lurgi, M. AU - Matthews, S. AU - MacNeil, M. A. AU - Caley, M. J. AU - Bax, N. AU - Przeslawski, R. AU - Fordham, D. A. DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.11.008 IS - Part B KW - Alien species Climate change Crown-of-thorns seastar Range shift Exotic species Marine biodiversity Metapopulation model Non-indigenous species Biotic interactions PY - 2016 SN - 0006-3207 SP - 459-467 ST - Forecasting marine invasions under climate change: Biotic interactions and demographic processes matter T2 - Biological Conservation TI - Forecasting marine invasions under climate change: Biotic interactions and demographic processes matter VL - 204 ID - 23415 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mellor, Jonathan E. AU - Levy, Karen AU - Zimmerman, Julie AU - Elliott, Mark AU - Bartram, Jamie AU - Carlton, Elizabeth AU - Clasen, Thomas AU - Dillingham, Rebecca AU - Eisenberg, Joseph AU - Guerrant, Richard AU - Lantagne, Daniele AU - Mihelcic, James AU - Nelson, Kara DA - 2016/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.087 KW - Climate change Water Health Diarrhea Complex systems Coupled systems PY - 2016 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 82-90 ST - Planning for climate change: The need for mechanistic systems-based approaches to study climate change impacts on diarrheal diseases T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Planning for climate change: The need for mechanistic systems-based approaches to study climate change impacts on diarrheal diseases VL - 548-549 ID - 26108 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Melton, Forrest AU - Rosevelt, Carolyn AU - Guzman, Alberta AU - Johnson, Lee AU - Zaragoza, Isabel AU - Verdin, James AU - Thenkabail, Prasad AU - Wallace, Cynthia AU - Mueller, Rick AU - Willis, Patrick AU - Jones, Jeanine PB - NASA Ames Research Center PY - 2015 SP - 13 ST - Fallowed Area Mapping For Drought Impact Reporting: 2015 Assessment of Conditions in the California Central Valley TI - Fallowed Area Mapping For Drought Impact Reporting: 2015 Assessment of Conditions in the California Central Valley UR - https://nex.nasa.gov/nex/static/media/dataset/Central_Valley_Fallowing_Data_Report_14Oct2015.pdf ID - 22616 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Melton, Paula IS - 10 KW - added by ERG PY - 2013 SP - 1-10 ST - Designing for the next century's weather T2 - Environmental Building News TI - Designing for the next century's weather VL - 22 ID - 22979 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Melvin, April M. AU - Larsen, Peter AU - Boehlert, Brent AU - Neumann, James E. AU - Chinowsky, Paul AU - Espinet, Xavier AU - Martinich, Jeremy AU - Baumann, Matthew S. AU - Rennels, Lisa AU - Bothner, Alexandra AU - Nicolsky, Dmitry J. AU - Marchenko, Sergey S. DA - 2016/12/27/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.1611056113 DP - www.pnas.org IS - 2 KW - adaptation Alaska climate change damages infrastructure LA - en PY - 2017 SN - 0027-8424, 1091-6490 SP - E122-E131 ST - Climate change damages to Alaska public infrastructure and the economics of proactive adaptation T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climate change damages to Alaska public infrastructure and the economics of proactive adaptation VL - 114 Y2 - 2017/01/08/20:53:29 ID - 22252 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Melvin, A. M. AU - Murray, J. AU - Boehlert, B. AU - Martinich, J. A. AU - Rennels, L. AU - Rupp, T. S. DA - Apr DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1923-2 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 783-795 ST - Estimating wildfire response costs in Alaska's changing climate. T2 - Climatic Change TI - Estimating wildfire response costs in Alaska's changing climate. VL - 141 ID - 22254 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Melvin, Mark A. NV - Technical Report 02-15 PB - Coalition of Prescribed Fire Councils PY - 2015 SP - 17 ST - 2015 National Prescribed Fire Use Survey Report TI - 2015 National Prescribed Fire Use Survey Report UR - https://stateforesters.org/sites/default/files/publication-documents/2015%20Prescribed%20Fire%20Use%20Survey%20Report.pdf ID - 24454 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Mendelsohn, Robert AU - Neumann, James CY - New York, NY PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2004 SN - 9780521607698 ST - The Impact of Climate Change on the United States Economy TI - The Impact of Climate Change on the United States Economy ID - 14506 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mendez, Michael Anthony DA - 2015/06/03 DO - 10.1080/13549839.2015.1038227 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SN - 1354-9839 SP - 637-663 ST - Assessing local climate action plans for public health co-benefits in environmental justice communities T2 - Local Environment TI - Assessing local climate action plans for public health co-benefits in environmental justice communities VL - 20 ID - 24109 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Méndez-Lázaro, Pablo AU - Martínez-Sánchez, Odalys AU - Méndez-Tejeda, Rafael AU - Rodríguez, Ernesto AU - Morales, Ernesto AU - Cortijo, Natalie Schmitt DO - 10.4172/2332-2594.1000135 PY - 2015 SP - 135 ST - Extreme heat events in San Juan Puerto Rico: Trends and variability of unusual hot weather and its possible effects on ecology and society T2 - Journal of Climatology & Weather Forecasting TI - Extreme heat events in San Juan Puerto Rico: Trends and variability of unusual hot weather and its possible effects on ecology and society VL - 3 ID - 25022 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Increased frequency and length of high heat episodes are leading to more cardiovascular issues and asthmatic responses among the population of San Juan, the capital of the island of Puerto Rico, USA. An urban heat island effect, which leads to foci of higher temperatures in some urban areas, can raise heat-related mortality. The objective of this research is to map the risk of high temperature in particular locations by creating heat maps of the city of San Juan. The heat vulnerability index (HVI) maps were developed using images collected by satellite-based remote sensing combined with census data. Land surface temperature was assessed using images from the Thermal Infrared Sensor flown on Landsat 8. Social determinants (e.g., age, unemployment, education and social isolation, and health insurance coverage) were analyzed by census tract. The data were examined in the context of land cover maps generated using products from the Puerto Rico Terrestrial Gap Analysis Project (USDA Forest Service). All variables were set in order to transform the indicators expressed in different units into indices between 0 and 1, and the HVI was calculated as sum of score. The tract with highest index was considered to be the most vulnerable and the lowest to be the least vulnerable. Five vulnerability classes were mapped (very high, high, moderate, low, and very low). The hottest and the most vulnerable tracts corresponded to highly built areas, including the Luis Munoz International Airport, seaports, parking lots, and high-density residential areas. Several variables contributed to increased vulnerability, including higher rates of the population living alone, disabilities, advanced age, and lack of health insurance coverage. Coolest areas corresponded to vegetated landscapes and urban water bodies. The urban HVI map will be useful to health officers, emergency preparedness personnel, the National Weather Service, and San Juan residents, as it helps to prepare for and to mitigate the potential effects of heat-related illnesses. AU - Méndez-Lázaro, Pablo AU - Muller-Karger, Frank E. AU - Otis, Daniel AU - McCarthy, Matthew J. AU - Rodríguez, Ernesto DA - February 17 DO - 10.1007/s00484-017-1319-z M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1432-1254 ST - A heat vulnerability index to improve urban public health management in San Juan, Puerto Rico T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology TI - A heat vulnerability index to improve urban public health management in San Juan, Puerto Rico ID - 25023 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Extreme heat episodes are becoming more common worldwide, including in tropical areas of Australia, India, and Puerto Rico. Higher frequency, duration, and intensity of extreme heat episodes are triggering public health issues in most mid-latitude and continental cities. With urbanization, land use and land cover have affected local climate directly and indirectly encouraging the Urban Heat Island effect with potential impacts on heat-related morbidity and mortality among urban populations. However, this association is not completely understood in tropical islands such as Puerto Rico. The present study examines the effects of heat in two municipalities (San Juan and Bayamón) within the San Juan metropolitan area on overall and cause-specific mortality among the population between 2009 and 2013. The number of daily deaths attributed to selected causes (cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, chronic lower respiratory disease, pneumonia, and kidney disease) coded and classified according to the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases was analyzed. The relations between elevated air surface temperatures on cause-specific mortality were modeled. Separate Poisson regression models were fitted to explain the total number of deaths as a function of daily maximum and minimum temperatures, while adjusting for seasonal patterns. Results show a significant increase in the effect of high temperatures on mortality, during the summers of 2012 and 2013. Stroke (relative risk = 16.80, 95% CI 6.81–41.4) and cardiovascular diseases (relative risk = 16.63, 95% CI 10.47–26.42) were the primary causes of death most associated with elevated summer temperatures. Better understanding of how these heat events affect the health of the population will provide a useful tool for decision makers to address and mitigate the effects of the increasing temperatures on public health. The enhanced temperature forecast may be a crucial component in decision making during the National Weather Service Heat Watches, Advisories, and Warning process. AU - Méndez-Lázaro, Pablo A. AU - Pérez-Cardona, Cynthia M. AU - Rodríguez, Ernesto AU - Martínez, Odalys AU - Taboas, Mariela AU - Bocanegra, Arelis AU - Méndez-Tejeda, Rafael DA - December 15 DO - 10.1007/s00484-016-1291-z M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1432-1254 ST - Climate change, heat, and mortality in the tropical urban area of San Juan, Puerto Rico T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology TI - Climate change, heat, and mortality in the tropical urban area of San Juan, Puerto Rico ID - 25024 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sea level has been steadily rising over the past century, predominantly due to anthropogenic climate change. The rate of sea level rise will keep increasing with continued global warming, and, even if temperatures are stabilized through the phasing out of greenhouse gas emissions, sea level is still expected to rise for centuries. This will affect coastal areas worldwide, and robust projections are needed to assess mitigation options and guide adaptation measures. Here we combine the equilibrium response of the main sea level rise contributions with their last century's observed contribution to constrain projections of future sea level rise. Our model is calibrated to a set of observations for each contribution, and the observational and climate uncertainties are combined to produce uncertainty ranges for 21st century sea level rise. We project anthropogenic sea level rise of 28–56 cm, 37–77 cm, and 57–131 cm in 2100 for the greenhouse gas concentration scenarios RCP26, RCP45, and RCP85, respectively. Our uncertainty ranges for total sea level rise overlap with the process-based estimates of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The “constrained extrapolation” approach generalizes earlier global semiempirical models and may therefore lead to a better understanding of the discrepancies with process-based projections. AU - Mengel, Matthias AU - Levermann, Anders AU - Frieler, Katja AU - Robinson, Alexander AU - Marzeion, Ben AU - Winkelmann, Ricarda DA - March 8, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1500515113 IS - 10 PY - 2016 SP - 2597-2602 ST - Future sea level rise constrained by observations and long-term commitment T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Future sea level rise constrained by observations and long-term commitment VL - 113 ID - 19441 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A database is described that has been designed to fulfill the need for daily climate data over global land areas. The dataset, known as Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN)-Daily, was developed for a wide variety of potential applications, including climate analysis and monitoring studies that require data at a daily time resolution (e.g., assessments of the frequency of heavy rainfall, heat wave duration, etc.). The dataset contains records from over 80 000 stations in 180 countries and territories, and its processing system produces the official archive for U.S. daily data. Variables commonly include maximum and minimum temperature, total daily precipitation, snowfall, and snow depth; however, about two-thirds of the stations report precipitation only. Quality assurance checks are routinely applied to the full dataset, but the data are not homogenized to account for artifacts associated with the various eras in reporting practice at any particular station (i.e., for changes in systematic bias).Daily updates are provided for many of the station records in GHCN-Daily. The dataset is also regularly reconstructed, usually once per week, from its 20+ data source components, ensuring that the dataset is broadly synchronized with its growing list of constituent sources. The daily updates and weekly reprocessed versions of GHCN-Daily are assigned a unique version number, and the most recent dataset version is provided on the GHCN-Daily website for free public access. Each version of the dataset is also archived at the NOAA/National Climatic Data Center in perpetuity for future retrieval. AU - Menne, Matthew J. AU - Durre, Imke AU - Vose, Russell S. AU - Gleason, Byron E. AU - Houston, Tamara G. DA - 2012/07/01 DO - 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00103.1 IS - 7 PY - 2012 SN - 0739-0572 SP - 897-910 ST - An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network-daily database T2 - Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology TI - An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network-daily database VL - 29 Y2 - 2015/01/30 ID - 16094 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An automated homogenization algorithm based on the pairwise comparison of monthly temperature series is described. The algorithm works by forming pairwise difference series between serial monthly temperature values from a network of observing stations. Each difference series is then evaluated for undocumented shifts, and the station series responsible for such breaks is identified automatically. The algorithm also makes use of station history information, when available, to improve the identification of artificial shifts in temperature data. In addition, an evaluation is carried out to distinguish trend inhomogeneities from abrupt shifts. When the magnitude of an apparent shift attributed to a particular station can be reliably estimated, an adjustment is made for the target series. The pairwise algorithm is shown to be robust and efficient at detecting undocumented step changes under a variety of simulated scenarios with step- and trend-type inhomogeneities. Moreover, the approach is shown to yield a lower false-alarm rate for undocumented changepoint detection relative to the more common use of a reference series. Results from the algorithm are used to assess evidence for trend inhomogeneities in U.S. monthly temperature data. AU - Menne, M.J. AU - Williams, C.N., Jr. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/2008JCLI2263.1 IS - 7 KW - Algorithms, ; Climate records, ; Temperature PY - 2009 SN - 1520-0442 SP - 1700-1717 ST - Homogenization of temperature series via pairwise comparisons T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Homogenization of temperature series via pairwise comparisons VL - 22 ID - 14511 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Menzel, Annette AU - Sparks, Tim H. AU - Estrella, Nicole AU - Koch, Elisabeth AU - Aasa, Anto AU - Ahas, Rein AU - Alm-Kübler, Kerstin AU - Bissolli, Peter AU - Braslavská, Ol'Ga AU - Briede, Agrita AU - Chmielewski, Frank M. AU - Crepinsek, Zalika AU - Curnel, Yannick AU - Dahl, Åsliög AU - Defila, Claudio AU - Donnelly, Alison AU - Filella, Yolanda AU - Jatczak, Katarzyna AU - Måge, Finn AU - Mestre, Antonio AU - Nordli, Øyvind AU - Peñuelas, Josep AU - Pirinen, Pentti AU - Remišvá, Viera AU - Scheifinger, Helfried AU - Striz, Martin AU - Susnik, Andreja AU - Van Vliet, Arnold J. H. AU - Wielgolaski, Frans-Emil AU - Zach, Susanne AU - Zust, A. N. A. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x IS - 10 KW - climate change Europe growing season meta analysis phenology season temperature response trend PY - 2006 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1969-1976 ST - European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern T2 - Global Change Biology TI - European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern VL - 12 ID - 20209 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We estimate a wildfire risk model with a new measure of wildfire output, intensity-weighted risk and use it in Monte Carlo simulations to estimate welfare changes from alternative prescribed burning policies. Using Volusia County, Florida as a case study, an annual prescribed burning rate of 13% of all forest lands maximizes net welfare; ignoring the effects on wildfire intensity may underestimate optimal rates of prescribed burning. Our estimated supply function for prescribed fire services is inelastic, suggesting that increasing contract prescribed fire services on public lands may produce rapidly escalating costs for private landowners and unintended distributional and “leakage” effects. AU - Mercer, D. Evan AU - Prestemon, Jeffrey P. AU - Butry, David T. AU - Pye, John M. DO - 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.00963.x IS - 1 N1 - 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.00963.x PY - 2007 SN - 0002-9092 SP - 63-77 ST - Evaluating alternative prescribed burning policies to reduce net economic damages from wildfire T2 - American Journal of Agricultural Economics TI - Evaluating alternative prescribed burning policies to reduce net economic damages from wildfire VL - 89 ID - 24356 ER - TY - JOUR AU - MERCINA Working Group AU - Pershing, Andrew J. AU - Greene, Charles H. AU - Hannah, Charles AU - Sameoto, Doug AU - Head, Erica AU - Mountain, David G. AU - Jossi, Jack W. AU - Benfield, Mark C. AU - Reid, Philip C. AU - Durbin, Ted G. DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2001.25 IS - 3 PY - 2015 SP - 76-82 ST - Oceanographic responses to climate in the northwest Atlantic T2 - Oceanography TI - Oceanographic responses to climate in the northwest Atlantic VL - 14 ID - 26272 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is imposing intensified and novel selection pressures on organisms by altering abiotic and biotic environmental conditions on Earth, but studies demonstrating genetic adaptation to climate change mediated selection are still scarce. Evidence is accumulating to indicate that both genetic and ecological constrains may often limit populations' abilities to adapt to large scale effects of climate warming. These constraints may predispose many organisms to respond to climate change with range shifts and phenotypic plasticity, rather than through evolutionary adaptation. In general, broad conclusions about the role of evolutionary adaptation in mitigating climate change induced fitness loss in the wild are as yet difficult to make. Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssays: How will fish that evolved at constant sub‐zero temperatures cope with global warming? AU - Merilä, Juha DO - 10.1002/bies.201200054 IS - 9 PY - 2012 SP - 811-818 ST - Evolution in response to climate change: In pursuit of the missing evidence T2 - BioEssays TI - Evolution in response to climate change: In pursuit of the missing evidence VL - 34 ID - 25702 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many studies have recorded phenotypic changes in natural populations and attributed them to climate change. However, controversy and uncertainty has arisen around three levels of inference in such studies. First, it has proven difficult to conclusively distinguish whether phenotypic changes are genetically based or the result of phenotypic plasticity. Second, whether or not the change is adaptive is usually assumed rather than tested. Third, inferences that climate change is the specific causal agent have rarely involved the testing – and exclusion – of other potential drivers. We here review the various ways in which the above inferences have been attempted, and evaluate the strength of support that each approach can provide. This methodological assessment sets the stage for 11 accompanying review articles that attempt comprehensive syntheses of what is currently known – and not known – about responses to climate change in a variety of taxa and in theory. Summarizing and relying on the results of these reviews, we arrive at the conclusion that evidence for genetic adaptation to climate change has been found in some systems, but is still relatively scarce. Most importantly, it is clear that more studies are needed – and these must employ better inferential methods – before general conclusions can be drawn. Overall, we hope that the present paper and special issue provide inspiration for future research and guidelines on best practices for its execution. AU - Merilä, Juha AU - Hendry, Andrew P. DO - 10.1111/eva.12137 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SP - 1-14 ST - Climate change, adaptation, and phenotypic plasticity: The problem and the evidence T2 - Evolutionary Applications TI - Climate change, adaptation, and phenotypic plasticity: The problem and the evidence VL - 7 ID - 25701 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wave-driven extreme water levels are examined for coastlines protected by fringing reefs using field observations obtained in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The 2% exceedence water level near the shoreline due to waves is estimated empirically for the study sites from breaking wave height at the outer reef and by combining separate contributions from setup, sea and swell, and infragravity waves, which are estimated based on breaking wave height and water level over the reef flat. Although each component exhibits a tidal dependence, they sum to yield a 2% exceedence level that does not. A hindcast based on the breaking wave height parameterization is used to assess factors leading to flooding at Roi-Namur caused by an energetic swell event during December 2008. Extreme water levels similar to December 2008 are projected to increase significantly with rising sea level as more wave and tide events combine to exceed inundation threshold levels. AU - Merrifield, M. A. AU - Becker, J. M. AU - Ford, M. AU - Yao, Y. DA - 2014/10/28/ DO - 10.1002/2014GL061005 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 20 KW - extreme events winds and waves Sea level coastal inundation Republic of the Marshall Islands 4560 Surface waves and tides 4220 Coral reef systems 4313 Extreme events 4556 Sea level: variations and mean coastal effects extreme water levels LA - en PY - 2014 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 7245-7253 ST - Observations and estimates of wave-driven water level extremes at the Marshall Islands T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Observations and estimates of wave-driven water level extremes at the Marshall Islands VL - 41 Y2 - 2016/08/26/01:33:51 ID - 22479 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Merrifield, M. A. AU - Thompson, P. AU - Leuliette, E. AU - Mitchum, G. T. AU - Chambers, D. P. AU - Jevrejeva, S. AU - Nerem, R. S. AU - Menéndez, M. AU - Sweet, W. AU - Hamlington, B. AU - Marra, J. J. DA - 2015/07/01 DO - 10.1175/2015BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 IS - 7 PY - 2015 SN - 0003-0007 SP - S82-S85 ST - [Global Oceans] Sea level variability and change [in “State of the Climate in 2014”] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - [Global Oceans] Sea level variability and change [in “State of the Climate in 2014”] VL - 96 (12) ID - 19470 ER - TY - WEB AU - Merritt, Elizabeth CY - Arlington, VA KW - added by ERG PB - Center for the Future of Museums PY - 2012 ST - A Rising Tide: The Changing Landscape of Risk TI - A Rising Tide: The Changing Landscape of Risk UR - http://futureofmuseums.blogspot.com/2012/05/rising-tide-changing-landscape-of-risk.html ID - 23094 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Estimating the impact of heat waves on human mortality is key when it comes to the design of effective climate change adaptation measures. As the usual approach—relying on detailed health data in form of hospital records—is not feasible for many countries, a different methodology is needed. This work presents such an approach. Based on singular spectrum analysis and using monthly mortality rates—partly ranging back to 1960—it derives excess mortality estimates for 27 European countries. Excess mortality is then regressed against a heat wave measure in order to assess the health impacts of extreme heat. The analysis demonstrates that many European countries are severely affected by heat waves: On average, 0.61%—and up to 1.14% in case of Portugal—of all deaths are caused by extreme heat events. This finding confirms the understanding that climate change is a major environmental risk to public health: In the 27 examined European countries, over 28,000 people die every year due to exposure to extreme heat. AU - Merte, Steffen DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1937-9 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 321-330 ST - Estimating heat wave-related mortality in Europe using singular spectrum analysis T2 - Climatic Change TI - Estimating heat wave-related mortality in Europe using singular spectrum analysis VL - 142 ID - 23562 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The world's forests and forestry sector are facing unprecedented biological, political, social, and climatic challenges. The development of appropriate, novel forest management and restoration approaches that adequately consider uncertainty and adaptability are hampered by a continuing focus on production of a few goods or objectives, strong control of forest structure and composition, and most importantly the absence of a global scientific framework and long‐term vision. Ecosystem‐based approaches represent a step in the right direction, but are limited in their ability to deal with the rapid pace of social, climatic, and environmental changes. We argue here that viewing forest ecosystems as complex adaptive system provides a better alternative for both production‐ and conservation‐oriented forests and forestry. We propose a set of broad principles and changes to increase the adaptive capacity of forests in the face of future uncertainties. These span from expanding the sustained‐yield, single‐good paradigm to developing policy incentives and interventions that promote self‐organization and integrated social‐ecological adaptation. AU - Messier, C. AU - Puettmann, K. AU - Chazdon, R. AU - Andersson, K.P. AU - Angers, V.A. AU - Brotons, L. AU - Filotas, E. AU - Tittler, R. AU - Parrott, L. AU - Levin, S.A. DO - 10.1111/conl.12156 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - 368-377 ST - From management to stewardship: Viewing forests as complex adaptive systems in an uncertain world T2 - Conservation Letters TI - From management to stewardship: Viewing forests as complex adaptive systems in an uncertain world VL - 8 ID - 25700 ER - TY - WEB AU - Metropolitan Sewer District CY - St. Louis, MO PB - MSD Project Clear PY - 2017 ST - Rainscaping TI - Rainscaping UR - http://www.projectclearstl.org/get-the-rain-out/rainscaping/ ID - 21309 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Metropolitan Water District of Southern California CY - Los Angeles, CA PB - Metropolitan Water District of Southern California PY - 2016 SN - Report No. 1518 SP - various ST - Integrated Water Resources Plan: 2015 Update TI - Integrated Water Resources Plan: 2015 Update UR - http://www.mwdh2o.com/PDF_About_Your_Water/2015%20IRP%20Update%20Report%20(web).pdf ID - 25889 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Metzger, Kristina B AU - Ito, Kazuhiko AU - Matte, Thomas D C2 - PMC2831972 C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.0900906 IS - 1 PY - 2010 SP - 80 ST - Summer heat and mortality in New York City: How hot is too hot? T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Summer heat and mortality in New York City: How hot is too hot? VL - 118 ID - 14519 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meyer, Eliot S. AU - Characklis, Gregory W. AU - Brown, Casey AU - Moody, Paul DO - 10.1002/2015WR017855 IS - 1 KW - environmental financial risk droughts index insurance 4303 Hydrological 1812 Drought 9345 Large bodies of water (e.g., lakes and inland seas) PY - 2016 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 227-245 ST - Hedging the financial risk from water scarcity for Great Lakes shipping T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Hedging the financial risk from water scarcity for Great Lakes shipping VL - 52 ID - 24552 ER - TY - BOOK AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 750: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 2: Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events, and the Highway System: Practitioner’s Guide and Research Report provides guidance on adaptation strategies to the likely impacts of climate change through 2050 in the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of infrastructure assets in the United States (and through 2100 for sea-level rise).In addition to the practitioner’s guide and research report, this project also developed the following items:• A software tool that runs in common web browsers and provides specific, region-based information on incorporating climate change adaptation into the planning and design of bridges, culverts, stormwater infrastructure, slopes, walls, and pavements.• Tables that provide the same information as the previously mentioned software tool, but in a spreadsheet format that can be printed.• Two spreadsheets that illustrate examples of the benefit-cost analysis of adaptation strategies discussed in Appendix B of Part I of NCHRP Report 750, Volume 2.These three items are available on a CD-ROM that is included with a print version of the report. The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB’s website as an ISO image. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.• Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM Image.• Download the .ISO CD-ROM Image(Warning: This is a large file and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.)NCHRP Report 750, Volume 2 is the second in a series of reports being produced by NCHRP Project 20-83: Long-Range Strategic Issues Facing the Transportation Industry. Major trends affecting the future of the United States and the world will dramatically reshape transportation priorities and needs. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) established the NCHRP Project 20-83 research series to examine global and domestic long-range strategic issues and their implications for state departments of transportation (DOTs); AASHTO's aim for the research series is to help prepare the DOTs for the challenges and benefits created by these trends.Other volumes in this series currently available include:• NCHRP Report 750: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 1: Scenario Planning for Freight Transportation Infrastructure Investment• NCHRP Report 750: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 3: Expediting Future Technologies for Enhancing Transportation System Performance• NCHRP Report 750: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 4: Sustainability as an Organizing Principle for Transportation Agencies• NCHRP Report 750: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 5: Preparing State Transportation Agencies for an Uncertain Energy Future• NCHRP Report 750: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 6: The Effects of Socio-Demographics on Future Travel DemandCD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. AU - Meyer, Michael AU - Flood, Michael AU - Keller, Jake AU - Lennon, Justin AU - McVoy, Gary AU - Dorney, Chris AU - Leonard, Ken AU - Hyman, Robert AU - Smith, Joel C4 - 6c1f55e7-bedf-4091-a9de-7f3df6dc4362 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/22473 KW - Transportation LA - English M1 - NCHRP Report 750 PB - National Academies Press PY - 2014 SP - 204 ST - Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 2: Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events, and the Highway System: Practitioner’s Guide and Research Report TI - Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 2: Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events, and the Highway System: Practitioner’s Guide and Research Report ID - 23189 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Human activities have placed populations of many endangered species at risk and mitigation efforts typically focus on reducing anthropogenic sources of mortality. However, failing to recognize the additional role of environmental factors in regulating birth and mortality rates can lead to erroneous demographic analyses and conclusions. The North Atlantic right whale population is currently the focus of conservation efforts aimed at reducing mortality rates associated with ship strikes and entanglement in fishing gear. Consistent monitoring of the population since 1980 has revealed evidence that climate-associated changes in prey availability have played an important role in the population's recovery. The considerable interdecadal differences observed in population growth coincide with remote Arctic and North Atlantic oceanographic processes that link to the Gulf of Maine ecosystem. Here, we build capture-recapture models to quantify the role of prey availability on right whale demographic transitional probabilities and use a corresponding demographic model to project population growth rates into the next century. Contrary to previous predictions, the right whale population is projected to recover in the future as long as prey availability and mortality rates remain within the ranges observed during 1980–2012. However, recent events indicate a northward range shift in right whale prey, potentially resulting in decreased prey availability and/or an expansion of right whale habitat into unprotected waters. An annual increase in the number of whale deaths comparable to that observed during the summer 2017 mass mortality event may cause a decline to extinction even under conditions of normal prey availability. This study highlights the importance of understanding the oceanographic context for observed population changes when evaluating the efficacy of conservation management plans for endangered marine species. AU - Meyer-Gutbrod, Erin L. AU - Greene, Charles H. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13929 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - 455-464 ST - Uncertain recovery of the North Atlantic right whale in a changing ocean T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Uncertain recovery of the North Atlantic right whale in a changing ocean VL - 24 ID - 26210 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meyfroidt, Patrick AU - Lambin, Eric F AU - Erb, Karl-Heinz AU - Hertel, Thomas W DO - 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.04.003 IS - 5 PY - 2013 SN - 1877-3435 SP - 438-444 ST - Globalization of land use: Distant drivers of land change and geographic displacement of land use T2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability TI - Globalization of land use: Distant drivers of land change and geographic displacement of land use VL - 5 ID - 22617 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Miami-Dade County CY - Miami, FL PB - Miami-Dade Board of County Commissioners PY - 2016 SP - 33 ST - Recommendations For an Enhanced Capital Plan. Final Report for Resolution R-46-15 in Support of the Sea Level Risk Task Force Final Recommendation TI - Recommendations For an Enhanced Capital Plan. Final Report for Resolution R-46-15 in Support of the Sea Level Risk Task Force Final Recommendation UR - http://www.miamidade.gov/green/library/sea-level-rise-capital-plan.pdf ID - 24581 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In 2011, Lake Erie experienced the largest harmful algal bloom in its recorded history, with a peak intensity over three times greater than any previously observed bloom. Here we show that long-term trends in agricultural practices are consistent with increasing phosphorus loading to the western basin of the lake, and that these trends, coupled with meteorological conditions in spring 2011, produced record-breaking nutrient loads. An extended period of weak lake circulation then led to abnormally long residence times that incubated the bloom, and warm and quiescent conditions after bloom onset allowed algae to remain near the top of the water column and prevented flushing of nutrients from the system. We further find that all of these factors are consistent with expected future conditions. If a scientifically guided management plan to mitigate these impacts is not implemented, we can therefore expect this bloom to be a harbinger of future blooms in Lake Erie. AU - Michalak, Anna M. AU - Anderson, Eric J. AU - Beletsky, Dmitry AU - Boland, Steven AU - Bosch, Nathan S. AU - Bridgeman, Thomas B. AU - Chaffin, Justin D. AU - Cho, Kyunghwa AU - Confesor, Rem AU - Daloğlu, Irem AU - DePinto, Joseph V. AU - Evans, Mary Anne AU - Fahnenstiel, Gary L. AU - He, Lingli AU - Ho, Jeff C. AU - Jenkins, Liza AU - Johengen, Thomas H. AU - Kuo, Kevin C. AU - LaPorte, Elizabeth AU - Liu, Xiaojian AU - McWilliams, Michael R. AU - Moore, Michael R. AU - Posselt, Derek J. AU - Richards, R. Peter AU - Scavia, Donald AU - Steiner, Allison L. AU - Verhamme, Ed AU - Wright, David M. AU - Zagorski, Melissa A. DA - April 16, 2013 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1216006110 IS - 16 PY - 2013 SP - 6448-6452 ST - Record-setting algal bloom in Lake Erie caused by agricultural and meteorological trends consistent with expected future conditions T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Record-setting algal bloom in Lake Erie caused by agricultural and meteorological trends consistent with expected future conditions VL - 110 ID - 21168 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Option contracts for temporary use of irrigation water rights are evaluated as a less-expensive institutional arrangement for providing drought insurance for urban water agencies. Desirable option contract provisions are suggested and a framework for evaluating the economic benefits of water supply options is proposed. An integrated analytical system simulating the hydrologic, institutional, and economic relationships for a case study area in northeast Colorado is developed to evaluate the economic feasibility of water supply option contracts. Estimated present value benefits and sensitivity analyses indicate that dry year water options are economically viable over a considerable range of conditions. AU - Michelsen, Ari M. AU - Young, Robert A. DO - 10.2307/1243988 IS - 4 PY - 1993 SN - 0002-9092 SP - 1010-1020 ST - Optioning agricultural water rights for urban water supplies during drought T2 - American Journal of Agricultural Economics TI - Optioning agricultural water rights for urban water supplies during drought VL - 75 ID - 25379 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We examine the impact of future climate change on regional air pollution meteorology in the United States by conducting a transient climate change (1950–2052) simulation in a general circulation model (GCM) of the Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS). We include in the GCM two tracers of anthropogenic pollution, combustion carbon monoxide (COt) and black carbon (BCt). Sources of both tracers and the loss frequency of COt are held constant in time, while wet deposition of BCt responds to the changing climate. Results show that the severity and duration of summertime regional pollution episodes in the midwestern and northeastern United States increase significantly relative to present. Pollutant concentrations during these episodes increase by 5–10% and the mean episode duration increases from 2 to 3–4 days. These increases appear to be driven by a decline in the frequency of mid‐latitude cyclones tracking across southern Canada. The cold fronts associated with these cyclones are known to provide the main mechanism for ventilation of the midwestern and northeastern United States. Mid‐latitude cyclone frequency is expected to decrease in a warmer climate; such a decrease is already apparent in long‐term observations. Mixing depths over the midwest and northeast increase by 100–240 m in our future‐climate simulation, not enough to compensate for the increased stagnation resulting from reduced cyclone frequency. AU - Mickley, L. J. AU - Jacob, D. J. AU - Field, B. D. AU - Rind, D. DO - 10.1029/2004GL021216 IS - 24 PY - 2004 SP - L24103 ST - Effects of future climate change on regional air pollution episodes in the United States T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Effects of future climate change on regional air pollution episodes in the United States VL - 31 ID - 25139 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Middel, Ariane AU - Chhetri, Nalini AU - Quay, Raymond DA - 2015/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ufug.2014.09.010 IS - 1 KW - Climate change Cool roofs ENVI-met Heat mitigation Trees and shade PY - 2015 SN - 1618-8667 SP - 178-186 ST - Urban forestry and cool roofs: Assessment of heat mitigation strategies in Phoenix residential neighborhoods T2 - Urban Forestry & Urban Greening TI - Urban forestry and cool roofs: Assessment of heat mitigation strategies in Phoenix residential neighborhoods VL - 14 ID - 25973 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Middleton, Beth Rose PY - 2012 SP - 7-9 ST - Fuels: Greenville rancheria T2 - Smoke Signals TI - Fuels: Greenville rancheria UR - https://www.bia.gov/sites/bia.gov/files/assets/public/pdf/idc-018695.pdf VL - 24 ID - 23826 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Protection of culturally important indigenous landscapes has become an increasingly important component of environmental management processes, for both companies and individuals striving to comply with environmental regulations, and for indigenous groups seeking stronger laws to support site protection and cultural/human rights. Given that indigenous stewardship of culturally important sites, species, and practices continues to be threatened or prohibited on lands out of indigenous ownership, this paper examines whether or not indigenous people can meaningfully apply mainstream environmental management laws and processes to achieve protection of traditional sites and associated stewardship activities. While environmental laws can provide a “back door” to protect traditional sites and practices, they are not made for this purpose, and, as such, require specific amendments to become more useful for indigenous practitioners. Acknowledging thoughtful critiques of the cultural incommensurability of environmental law with indigenous environmental stewardship of sacred sites, I interrogate the ability of four specific environmental laws and processes—the Uniform Conservation Easement Act; the National Environmental Policy Act and the California Environmental Quality Act; the Pacific Stewardship Council land divestiture process; and Senate Bill 18 (CA-2004)—to protect culturally important landscapes and practices. I offer suggestions for improving these laws and processes to make them more applicable to indigenous stewardship of traditional landscapes. AU - Middleton, Beth Rose DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s00267-012-9984-5 IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1432-1009 SP - 1057-1070 ST - “Just another hoop to jump through?” Using environmental laws and processes to protect indigenous rights T2 - Environmental Management TI - “Just another hoop to jump through?” Using environmental laws and processes to protect indigenous rights VL - 52 ID - 24930 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mikkelson, Kristin M. AU - Dickenson, Eric R. V. AU - Maxwell, Reed M. AU - McCray, John E. AU - Sharp, Jonathan O. DA - 10/28/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate1724 PY - 2012 SP - 218-222 ST - Water-quality impacts from climate-induced forest die-off T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Water-quality impacts from climate-induced forest die-off VL - 3 ID - 23827 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global warming increases the frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves, particularly endangering urban populations. However, the health risks of heat waves are distributed unequally between people because of intrinsic person-specific characteristics and extrinsic factors. The confluence of forecasted urbanisation and projected heat wave increase necessitates the identification of strategies that both lower the overall health impact and narrow the gap in risk distribution within urban populations. Here, we review the literature on vulnerability to heat, highlighting the factors that affect such distribution. As a key lesson we find that the literature strands on public health, risk reduction and urban planning all contribute to the identification of alleviation options for urban heat wave health impacts, but that they are rarely jointly evaluated. On the basis of the literature review, we suggest a common framework. We also evaluate response measures in addressing total and distributed risks. We find that person-specific risk is effectively addressed by public health and risk reduction intervention, while intra-urban variations of extrinsic factors can be efficiently tackled with urban planning, both in scale and scope. AU - Milan, B. F. AU - Creutzig, F. DA - Jun DO - 10.1016/j.cosust.2015.08.002 KW - Urban Heat Health Vulnerability PY - 2015 SN - 1877-3435 SP - 221-231 ST - Reducing urban heat wave risk in the 21st century T2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability TI - Reducing urban heat wave risk in the 21st century VL - 14 ID - 22794 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Campylobacter spp. is a commonly reported food-borne disease with major consequences for morbidity. In conjunction with predicted increases in temperature, proliferation in the survival of microorganisms in hotter environments is expected. This is likely to lead, in turn, to an increase in contamination of food and water and a rise in numbers of cases of infectious gastroenteritis. This study assessed the relationship of Campylobacter spp. with temperature and heatwaves, in Adelaide, South Australia. We estimated the effect of (i) maximum temperature and (ii) heatwaves on daily Campylobacter cases during the warm seasons (1 October to 31 March) from 1990 to 2012 using Poisson regression models. There was no evidence of a substantive effect of maximum temperature per 1 °C rise (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0·995, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0·993–0·997) nor heatwaves (IRR 0·906, 95% CI 0·800–1·026) on Campylobacter cases. In relation to heatwave intensity, which is the daily maximum temperature during a heatwave, notifications decreased by 19% within a temperature range of 39–40·9 °C (IRR 0·811, 95% CI 0·692–0·952). We found little evidence of an increase in risk and lack of association between Campylobacter cases and temperature or heatwaves in the warm seasons. Heatwave intensity may play a role in that notifications decreased with higher temperatures. Further examination of the role of behavioural and environmental factors in an effort to reduce the risk of increased Campylobacter cases is warranted. AU - Milazzo, A. AU - Giles, L. C. AU - Zhang, Y. AU - Koehler, A. P. AU - Hiller, J. E. AU - Bi, P. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S095026881700139X DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2017/07/11 IS - 12 KW - Campylobacter climate impact of food-borne infections infectious disease epidemiology PY - 2017 SN - 0950-2688 SP - 2603-2610 ST - The effects of ambient temperature and heatwaves on daily Campylobacter cases in Adelaide, Australia, 1990–2012 T2 - Epidemiology and Infection TI - The effects of ambient temperature and heatwaves on daily Campylobacter cases in Adelaide, Australia, 1990–2012 VL - 145 ID - 25336 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Milchunas, D. G. AU - Mosier, A. R. AU - Morgan, J. A. AU - LeCain, D. R. AU - King, J. Y. AU - Nelson, J. A. DA - 2005/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2005.06.014 IS - 1 KW - Compensatory regrowth Digestibility Nitrogen fertilization Grassland Herbivory Lignin PY - 2005 SN - 0167-8809 SP - 166-184 ST - Elevated CO2 and defoliation effects on a shortgrass steppe: Forage quality versus quantity for ruminants T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment TI - Elevated CO2 and defoliation effects on a shortgrass steppe: Forage quality versus quantity for ruminants VL - 111 ID - 21595 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mildrexler, David J AU - Zhao, Maosheng AU - Running, Steven W DO - 10.1029/2010JG001486 IS - G3 PY - 2011 SN - 2156-2202 SP - G03025 ST - A global comparison between station air temperatures and MODIS land surface temperatures reveals the cooling role of forests T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - A global comparison between station air temperatures and MODIS land surface temperatures reveals the cooling role of forests VL - 116 ID - 22618 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although disturbances such as fire and native insects can contribute to natural dynamics of forest health, exceptional droughts, directly and in combination with other disturbance factors, are pushing some temperate forests beyond thresholds of sustainability. Interactions from increasing temperatures, drought, native insects and pathogens, and uncharacteristically severe wildfire are resulting in forest mortality beyond the levels of 20th-century experience. Additional anthropogenic stressors, such as atmospheric pollution and invasive species, further weaken trees in some regions. Although continuing climate change will likely drive many areas of temperate forest toward large-scale transformations, management actions can help ease transitions and minimize losses of socially valued ecosystem services. AU - Millar, Constance I. AU - Stephenson, Nathan L. DO - 10.1126/science.aaa9933 IS - 6250 PY - 2015 SP - 823-826 ST - Temperate forest health in an era of emerging megadisturbance T2 - Science TI - Temperate forest health in an era of emerging megadisturbance VL - 349 ID - 21196 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Millar, C. I. AU - Westfall, R. D. AU - Delany, D. L. AU - King, J. C. AU - Graumlich, L. J. C6 - NCA DA - May DO - 10.1657/1523-0430(2004)036[0181:roscit]2.0.co;2 IS - 2 PY - 2004 SN - 1523-0430 SP - 181-200 ST - Response of subalpine conifers in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, to 20th-century warming and decadal climate variability T2 - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research TI - Response of subalpine conifers in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, to 20th-century warming and decadal climate variability VL - 36 ID - 14536 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Millar, Richard J. AU - Fuglestvedt, Jan S. AU - Friedlingstein, Pierre AU - Rogelj, Joeri AU - Grubb, Michael J. AU - Matthews, H.  Damon AU - Skeie, Ragnhild B. AU - Forster, Piers M. AU - Frame, David J. AU - Allen, Myles R. DA - 09/18/online DO - 10.1038/ngeo3031 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 741-747 ST - Emission budgets and pathways consistent with limiting warming to 1.5 °C T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Emission budgets and pathways consistent with limiting warming to 1.5 °C VL - 10 ID - 25416 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the version of this Article originally published, a coding error resulted in the erroneous inclusion of a subset of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 simulations in the sets used for RCP2.6 and RCP6, respectively, leading to an incorrect depiction of the data of the latter two sets in Fig. 1b and RCP2.6 in Table 2. This coding error has now been corrected. The graphic and quantitative changes in the corrected Fig. 1b and Table 2 are contrasted with the originally published display items below. The core conclusions of the paper are not affected, but some numerical values and statements have also been updated as a result; these are listed below. All these errors have now been corrected in the online versions of this Article. AU - Millar, Richard J. AU - Fuglestvedt, Jan S. AU - Friedlingstein, Pierre AU - Rogelj, Joeri AU - Grubb, Michael J. AU - Matthews, H. Damon AU - Skeie, Ragnhild B. AU - Forster, Piers M. AU - Frame, David J. AU - Allen, Myles R. DA - 2018/06/01 DO - 10.1038/s41561-018-0153-1 IS - 6 PY - 2018 SN - 1752-0908 SP - 454-455 ST - Author Correction: Emission budgets and pathways consistent with limiting warming to 1.5 °C T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Author Correction: Emission budgets and pathways consistent with limiting warming to 1.5 °C VL - 11 ID - 26123 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Sarukhán, José A2 - Whyte, Anne A2 - MA Board of Review Editors AU - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment C4 - eae18d2c-125c-45d5-bd2d-36b4c87f9cce CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2005 SN - 1-59726-040-1 SP - 137 ST - Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis TI - Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis UR - https://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf ID - 24280 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Black sea bass (Centropristis striata) migrations are believed to play a role in overwinter survival and connectivity between juvenile and adult populations. This study investigated oceanographic drivers of winter habitat choice and regional differences between populations of juvenile and adult black sea bass. Trends in cohort strength, as a result of juvenile survival, were also identified. Oceanographic and fisheries survey data were analyzed using generalized additive models. Among the oceanographic variables investigated, salinity was the main driver in habitat selection with an optimal range of 33–35 practical salinity units (PSU) for both juveniles and adults. Preferred temperature ranges varied between juveniles and adults, but held a similar minimum preference of >8°C. Salinity and temperature ranges also differed by regions north and south of Hudson Canyon. Shelf water volume had less of an effect than temperature or salinity, but showed an overall negative relationship with survey catch. The effect of winter conditions on juvenile abundance was also observed across state and federal survey index trends. A lack of correlation observed among surveys in the fall paired with a strong correlation in the spring identifies the winter period as a factor determining year-class strength of new recruits to the population. A rank order analysis of spring indices identified three of the largest year classes occurring during years with reduced shelf water volumes, warmer winter shelf waters, and a 34 PSU isohaline aligned farther inshore. While greater catches of black sea bass in the northwest Atlantic Ocean remain south of Hudson Canyon, the species’ range has expanded north in recent years. AU - Miller, Alicia S. AU - Shepherd, Gary R. AU - Fratantoni, Paula S. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0147627 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - e0147627 ST - Offshore habitat preference of overwintering juvenile and adult black sea bass, Centropristis striata, and the relationship to year-class success T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Offshore habitat preference of overwintering juvenile and adult black sea bass, Centropristis striata, and the relationship to year-class success VL - 11 ID - 26211 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Miller, J. AU - Muller, E. AU - Rogers, C. AU - Waara, R. AU - Atkinson, A. AU - Whelan, K.R.T. AU - Patterson, M. AU - Witcher, B. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s00338-009-0531-7 IS - 4 PY - 2009 SN - 0722-4028 SP - 925-937 ST - Coral disease following massive bleaching in 2005 causes 60% decline in coral cover on reefs in the US Virgin Islands T2 - Coral Reefs TI - Coral disease following massive bleaching in 2005 causes 60% decline in coral cover on reefs in the US Virgin Islands VL - 28 ID - 14538 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Miller, Kathleen A. AU - Hamlet, Alan F. AU - Kenney, Douglas S. AU - Redmond, Kelly T. CY - Boca Raton, FL KW - added by ERG Imported by ERG PB - CRC Press PY - 2016 SN - 9781482227987 SP - 434 ST - Water Policy and Planning in a Variable and Changing Climate: Insights from the Western United States TI - Water Policy and Planning in a Variable and Changing Climate: Insights from the Western United States ID - 23165 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Miller, Kenneth G. AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Horton, Benjamin P. AU - Browning, James V. AU - Kemp, Andrew C. DO - 10.1002/2013EF000135 IS - 1 KW - Sea level Mid-Atlantic Coastal flooding Storm tide 1223 Ocean/Earth/atmosphere/hydrosphere/cryosphere interactions 1641 Sea level change 1622 Earth system modeling 1630 Impacts of global change PY - 2013 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 3-18 ST - A geological perspective on sea-level rise and its impacts along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast T2 - Earth’s Future TI - A geological perspective on sea-level rise and its impacts along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast VL - 1 ID - 20607 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Miller, Kristina M. AU - Teffer, Amy AU - Tucker, Strahan AU - Li, Shaorong AU - Schulze, Angela D. AU - Trudel, Marc AU - Juanes, Francis AU - Tabata, Amy AU - Kaukinen, Karia H. AU - Ginther, Norma G. AU - Ming, Tobi J. AU - Cooke, Steven J. AU - Hipfner, J. Mark AU - Patterson, David A. AU - Hinch, Scott G. DO - 10.1111/eva.12164 IS - 7 KW - climate coevolution cumulative impacts ecological impacts infectious disease microparasite predation wild salmon PY - 2014 SN - 1752-4571 SP - 812-855 ST - Infectious disease, shifting climates, and opportunistic predators: Cumulative factors potentially impacting wild salmon declines T2 - Evolutionary Applications TI - Infectious disease, shifting climates, and opportunistic predators: Cumulative factors potentially impacting wild salmon declines VL - 7 ID - 23416 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Miller, Luke P. AU - Matassa, Catherine M. AU - Trussell, Geoffrey C. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12639 IS - 12 KW - Carcinus maenas climate change foraging Nucella lapillus predation risk predator-prey species interactions temperature PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 3834-3844 ST - Climate change enhances the negative effects of predation risk on an intermediate consumer T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Climate change enhances the negative effects of predation risk on an intermediate consumer VL - 20 ID - 23417 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Miller, Matthew DA - August 4 PY - 2014 ST - Report: Alaska tourists may shift to new areas because of climate change T2 - KTOO Public Media TI - Report: Alaska tourists may shift to new areas because of climate change UR - https://www.ktoo.org/2014/08/04/report-alaska-tourists-may-shift-new-areas-climate-change/ ID - 25851 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Miller, Rawlings AU - Arthur, David AU - Barami, Bahar AU - Breck, Andrew AU - Costa, Stephen AU - Lewis, Kristin AU - McCoy, Kevin AU - Morrison, Emma CY - Cambridge, MA NV - DOT-VNTSC-OSTR-17-01 PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center PY - 2016 SP - 167 ST - Hampton Roads Climate Impact Quantification Initiative: Baseline Assessment of the Transportation Assets & Overview of Economic Analyses Useful in Quantifying Impacts TI - Hampton Roads Climate Impact Quantification Initiative: Baseline Assessment of the Transportation Assets & Overview of Economic Analyses Useful in Quantifying Impacts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1428258 ID - 24408 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Miller, Robert J. C4 - a56ad752-bd50-4ab5-9bf3-1ad78c7acc49 CY - Santa Barbara, CA PB - Praeger PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-4408-0111-2 978-1-4408-0112-9 SP - 208 ST - Reservation "Capitalism": Economic Development in Indian Country TI - Reservation "Capitalism": Economic Development in Indian Country ID - 25993 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Anderson, Terry L. AU - Miller, Robert J. C4 - 27b75ed5-bf88-4286-93e0-d5ca60c374f2 CY - New York, NY PB - Lexington Books PY - 2016 SE - 11 SN - ISBN-13: 978-1498525671 ISBN-10: 1498525679 SP - 245-262 ST - Indian entrepreneurship T2 - Unlocking the Wealth of Indian Nations TI - Indian entrepreneurship ID - 25992 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Miller, Steven AU - Lupes, Becky PY - 2015 SN - FHWA-HEP-16-073 SP - 4 ST - FHWA Climate Resilience Pilot Program: Massachusetts Department of Transportation TI - FHWA Climate Resilience Pilot Program: Massachusetts Department of Transportation UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/pilots/2013-2015_pilots/massdot/index.cfm ID - 26287 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Millerd, Frank C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-010-9872-z IS - 3-4 KW - Climate change PY - 2011 SN - 0165-0009; 1573-1480 SP - 629-652 ST - The potential impact of climate change on Great Lakes international shipping T2 - Climatic Change TI - The potential impact of climate change on Great Lakes international shipping VL - 104 ID - 14541 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is altering the phenology of species across the world, but what are the consequences of these phenological changes for the demography and population dynamics of species? Time-sensitive relationships, such as migration, breeding and predation, may be disrupted or altered, which may in turn alter the rates of reproduction and survival, leading some populations to decline and others to increase in abundance. However, finding evidence for disrupted relationships, or lack thereof, and their demographic effects, is difficult because the necessary detailed observational data are rare. Moreover, we do not know how sensitive species will generally be to phenological mismatches when they occur. Existing long-term studies provide preliminary data for analysing the phenology and demography of species in several locations. In many instances, though, observational protocols may need to be optimized to characterize timing-based multi-trophic interactions. As a basis for future research, we outline some of the key questions and approaches to improving our understanding of the relationships among phenology, demography and climate in a multi-trophic context. There are many challenges associated with this line of research, not the least of which is the need for detailed, long-term data on many organisms in a single system. However, we identify key questions that can be addressed with data that already exist and propose approaches that could guide future research. AU - Miller-Rushing, Abraham J. AU - Høye, Toke Thomas AU - Inouye, David W. AU - Post, Eric DO - 10.1098/rstb.2010.0148 IS - 1555 PY - 2010 SP - 3177-3186 ST - The effects of phenological mismatches on demography T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - The effects of phenological mismatches on demography VL - 365 ID - 23418 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mills, David AU - Jones, Russell AU - Wobus, Cameron AU - Ekstrom, Julia AU - Jantarasami, Lesley AU - St. Juliana, Alexis AU - Crimmins, Allison DO - 10.1289/EHP2594 IS - 4 PY - 2018 SP - 047007 ST - Projecting age-stratified risk of exposure to inland flooding and wildfire smoke in the United States under two climate scenarios T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Projecting age-stratified risk of exposure to inland flooding and wildfire smoke in the United States under two climate scenarios VL - 126 ID - 25202 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mills, David AU - Schwartz, Joel AU - Lee, Mihye AU - Sarofim, Marcus AU - Jones, Russell AU - Lawson, Megan AU - Duckworth, Michael AU - Deck, Leland DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1154-8 IS - 1 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2015 RN - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-014-1154-8 SN - 0165-0009 1573-1480 SP - 83-95 ST - Climate change impacts on extreme temperature mortality in select metropolitan areas in the United States T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change impacts on extreme temperature mortality in select metropolitan areas in the United States VL - 131 ID - 17612 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Large yet infrequent disruptions of electrical power can impact tens of millions of people in a single event, triggering significant economic damages, portions of which are insured. Small and frequent events are also significant in the aggregate. This article explores the role that insurance claims data can play in better defining the broader economic impacts of grid disruptions in the U.S. context. We developed four case studies, using previously unpublished data for specific actual grid disruptions. The cases include the 1977 New York City blackout, the 2003 Northeast blackout, multi-year national annual lightning-related electrical damage and multi-year national line-disturbance events. Insured losses represent between 3 and 64 per cent of total loss costs across the case studies. The household sector emerges as a larger locus of costs than indicated in previous studies, and short-lived events emerge as important sources of loss costs. AU - Mills, Evan AU - Jones, Richard B DA - October 01 DO - 10.1057/gpp.2016.9 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1468-0440 SP - 555-586 ST - An insurance perspective on U.S. electric grid disruption costs T2 - The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice TI - An insurance perspective on U.S. electric grid disruption costs VL - 41 ID - 23045 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mills, K.E. AU - Pershing, A.J. AU - Brown, C.J. AU - Chen, Y. AU - Chiang, F.-S. AU - Holland, D.S. AU - Lehuta, S. AU - Nye, J.A. AU - Sun, J.C. AU - Thomas, A.C. AU - Wahle, R.A. DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2013.27 IS - 2 PY - 2013 SP - 191–195 ST - Fisheries management in a changing climate: Lessons from the 2012 ocean heat wave in the northwest Atlantic T2 - Oceanography TI - Fisheries management in a changing climate: Lessons from the 2012 ocean heat wave in the northwest Atlantic VL - 26 ID - 21086 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The fishery for American lobster is currently the highest-valued commercial fishery in the United States, worth over US$620 million in dockside value in 2015. During a marine heat wave in 2012, the fishery was disrupted by the early warming of spring ocean temperatures and subsequent influx of lobster landings. This situation resulted in a price collapse, as the supply chain was not prepared for the early and abundant landings of lobsters. Motivated by this series of events, we have developed a forecast of when the Maine (USA) lobster fishery will shift into its high volume summer landings period. The forecast uses a regression approach to relate spring ocean temperatures derived from four NERACOOS buoys along the coast of Maine to the start day of the high landings period of the fishery. Tested against conditions in past years, the forecast is able to predict the start day to within one week of the actual start, and the forecast can be issued 3-4 months prior to the onset of the high-landings period, providing valuable lead-time for the fishery and its associated supply chain to prepare for the upcoming season. Forecast results are conveyed in a probabilistic manner and are updated weekly over a 6-week forecasting period so that users can assess the certainty and consistency of the forecast and factor the uncertainty into their use of the information in a given year. By focusing on the timing of events, this type of seasonal forecast provides climate-relevant information to users at time scales that are meaningful for operational decisions. As climate change alters seasonal phenology and reduces the reliability of past experience as a guide for future expectations, this type of forecast can enable fishing industry participants to better adjust to and prepare for operating in the context of climate change. AU - Mills, Katherine E. AU - Pershing, Andrew J. AU - Hernández, Christina M. DA - 2017-November-02 DO - 10.3389/fmars.2017.00337 IS - 337 KW - Seasonal forecast,temperature,fishery landings,lobster fishery,climate variability LA - English M3 - Original Research PY - 2017 SN - 2296-7745 ST - Forecasting the seasonal timing of Maine's lobster fishery T2 - Frontiers in Marine Science TI - Forecasting the seasonal timing of Maine's lobster fishery VL - 4 ID - 25511 ER - TY - JOUR AB - North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations experienced substantial declines in the early 1990s, and many populations have persisted at low abundances in recent years. Abundance and productivity declined in a coherent manner across major regions of North America, and this coherence points toward a potential shift in marine survivorship, rather than local, river-specific factors. The major declines in Atlantic salmon populations occurred against a backdrop of physical and biological shifts in Northwest Atlantic ecosystems. Analyses of changes in climate, physical, and lower trophic level biological factors provide substantial evidence that climate conditions directly and indirectly influence the abundance and productivity of North American Atlantic salmon populations. A major decline in salmon abundance after 1990 was preceded by a series of changes across multiple levels of the ecosystem, and a subsequent population change in 1997, primarily related to salmon productivity, followed an unusually low NAO event. Pairwise correlations further demonstrate that climate and physical conditions are associated with changes in plankton communities and prey availability, which are ultimately linked to Atlantic salmon populations. Results suggest that poor trophic conditions, likely due to climate-driven environmental factors, and warmer ocean temperatures throughout their marine habitat area are constraining the productivity and recovery of North American Atlantic salmon populations. AU - Mills, Katherine E. AU - Pershing, Andrew J. AU - Sheehan, Timothy F. AU - Mountain, David DO - 10.1111/gcb.12298 IS - 10 PY - 2013 SP - 3046-3061 ST - Climate and ecosystem linkages explain widespread declines in North American Atlantic salmon populations T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Climate and ecosystem linkages explain widespread declines in North American Atlantic salmon populations VL - 19 ID - 26212 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Most examples of seasonal mismatches in phenology span multiple trophic levels, with timing of animal reproduction, hibernation, or migration becoming detached from peak food supply. The consequences of such mismatches are difficult to link to specific future climate change scenarios because the responses across trophic levels have complex underlying climate drivers often confounded by other stressors. In contrast, seasonal coat color polyphenism creating camouflage against snow is a direct and potentially severe type of seasonal mismatch if crypsis becomes compromised by the animal being white when snow is absent. It is unknown whether plasticity in the initiation or rate of coat color change will be able to reduce mismatch between the seasonal coat color and an increasingly snow-free background. We find that natural populations of snowshoe hares exposed to 3 y of widely varying snowpack have plasticity in the rate of the spring white-to-brown molt, but not in either the initiation dates of color change or the rate of the fall brown-to-white molt. Using an ensemble of locally downscaled climate projections, we also show that annual average duration of snowpack is forecast to decrease by 29–35 d by midcentury and 40–69 d by the end of the century. Without evolution in coat color phenology, the reduced snow duration will increase the number of days that white hares will be mismatched on a snowless background by four- to eightfold by the end of the century. This novel and visually compelling climate change-induced stressor likely applies to >9 widely distributed mammals with seasonal coat color. AU - Mills, L. Scott AU - Zimova, Marketa AU - Oyler, Jared AU - Running, Steven AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Lukacs, Paul M. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1222724110 IS - 18 PY - 2013 SP - 7360-7365 ST - Camouflage mismatch in seasonal coat color due to decreased snow duration T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Camouflage mismatch in seasonal coat color due to decreased snow duration VL - 110 ID - 25699 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Milly, P. C. D. AU - Betancourt, Julio AU - Falkenmark, Malin AU - Hirsch, Robert M. AU - Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W. AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis P. AU - Stouffer, Ronald J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1126/science.1151915 IS - 5863 PY - 2008 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 573-574 ST - Stationarity is dead: Whither water management? T2 - Science TI - Stationarity is dead: Whither water management? VL - 319 ID - 14548 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background There is emerging evidence that people affected by flooding suffer adverse impacts on their mental well-being, mostly based on self-reports.Methods We examined prescription records for drugs used in the management of common mental disorder among primary care practices located in the vicinity of recent large flood events in England, 2011–2014. A controlled interrupted time series analysis was conducted of the number of prescribing items for antidepressant drugs in the year before and after the flood onset. Pre–post changes were compared by distance of the practice from the inundated boundaries among 930 practices located within 10 km of a flood.Results After control for deprivation and population density, there was an increase of 0.59% (95% CI 0.24 to 0.94) prescriptions in the postflood year among practices located within 1 km of a flood over and above the change observed in the furthest distance band. The increase was greater in more deprived areas.Conclusions This study suggests an increase in prescribed antidepressant drugs in the year after flooding in primary care practices close to recent major floods in England. The degree to which the increase is actually concentrated in those flooded can only be determined by more detailed linkage studies. AU - Milojevic, Ai AU - Armstrong, Ben AU - Wilkinson, Paul DO - 10.1136/jech-2017-208899 IS - 10 PY - 2017 SP - 970-973 ST - Mental health impacts of flooding: A controlled interrupted time series analysis of prescribing data in England T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health TI - Mental health impacts of flooding: A controlled interrupted time series analysis of prescribing data in England VL - 71 ID - 25318 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Milstein, Michael M1 - June PB - NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center PY - 2015 ST - NOAA Fisheries mobilizes to gauge unprecedented West Coast toxic algal bloom T2 - NOAA Fisheries News & Events TI - NOAA Fisheries mobilizes to gauge unprecedented West Coast toxic algal bloom UR - https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/news/features/west_coast_algal_bloom/index.cfm ID - 24777 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Parry, M.L. A2 - Canziani, O.F. A2 - Palutikof, J.P. A2 - van der Linden, P.J. A2 - Hanson, C.E. AU - Mimura, N. AU - Nurse, L. AU - McLean, R.F. AU - Agard, J. AU - Briguglio, L. AU - Lefale, P. AU - Payet, R. AU - Sem, G. AU - Agricole, W. AU - Ebi, K. AU - Forbes, D. AU - Hay, J. AU - Pulwarty, R. AU - Nakalevu, T. AU - Takahashi, K. C4 - 63e4948c-5b46-4deb-a37b-9f363a1a8316 CY - Cambridge, UK PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2007 SN - 0521705975 SP - 687-716 ST - Ch. 16: Small islands T2 - Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Ch. 16: Small islands ID - 14550 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Mimura, N. AU - Pulwarty, R. S. AU - Duc, D. M. AU - Elshinnawy, I. AU - Redsteer, M. H. AU - Huang, H. Q. AU - Nkem, J. N. AU - Rodriguez, R. A. Sanchez C4 - bcb91241-7254-4020-89e0-1a396959c618 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 15 SP - 869-898 ST - Adaptation planning and implementation T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Adaptation planning and implementation ID - 17691 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Arctic and northern subpolar regions are critical for climate change. Ice-albedo feedback amplifies warming in the Arctic, and fluctuations of regional fresh water inflow to the Arctic Ocean modulate the deep ocean circulation and thus exert a strong global influence. By comparing observations to simulations from 22 coupled climate models, we find influence from anthropogenic greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols in the space-time pattern of precipitation change over high-latitude land areas north of 55°N during the second half of the 20th century. The human-induced Arctic moistening is consistent with observed increases in Arctic river discharge and freshening of Arctic water masses. This result provides new evidence that human activity has contributed to Arctic hydrological change.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/320/5875/518.full.pdf AU - Min, Seung-Ki AU - Zhang, Xuebin AU - Zwiers, Francis DO - 10.1126/science.1153468 IS - 5875 PY - 2008 SP - 518-520 ST - Human-induced Arctic moistening T2 - Science TI - Human-induced Arctic moistening VL - 320 ID - 19442 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Minnesota Department of Health CY - St. Paul, MN PB - Minnesota Department of Health PY - 2015 SP - 100 ST - Minnesota Climate and Health Profile Report 2015: An Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on the Health & Well-Being of Minnesotans TI - Minnesota Climate and Health Profile Report 2015: An Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on the Health & Well-Being of Minnesotans UR - http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/climatechange/docs/mnprofile2015.pdf ID - 21292 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Miraglia, M. AU - Marvin, H. J. P. AU - Kleter, G. A. AU - Battilani, P. AU - Brera, C. AU - Coni, E. AU - Cubadda, F. AU - Croci, L. AU - De Santis, B. AU - Dekkers, S. AU - Filippi, L. AU - Hutjes, R. W. A. AU - Noordam, M. Y. AU - Pisante, M. AU - Piva, G. AU - Prandini, A. AU - Toti, L. AU - van den Born, G. J. AU - Vespermann, A. DO - 10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.005 IS - 5 PY - 2009 SN - 02786915 SP - 1009-1021 ST - Climate change and food safety: An emerging issue with special focus on Europe T2 - Food and Chemical Toxicology TI - Climate change and food safety: An emerging issue with special focus on Europe VL - 47 ID - 17927 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mirzaei, Parham A. DA - 2015/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scs.2015.04.001 KW - Urban heat island Modeling Review PY - 2015 SN - 2210-6707 SP - 200-206 ST - Recent challenges in modeling of urban heat island T2 - Sustainable Cities and Society TI - Recent challenges in modeling of urban heat island VL - 19 ID - 21733 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mishra, Vimal AU - Cherkauer, Keith A. AU - Bowling, Laura C. DA - 2011/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.11.003 IS - 3 KW - lakes VIC model climate variability climate change heat storage ice cover feedback PY - 2011 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 155-172 ST - Changing thermal dynamics of lakes in the Great Lakes region: Role of ice cover feedbacks T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - Changing thermal dynamics of lakes in the Great Lakes region: Role of ice cover feedbacks VL - 75 ID - 21141 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mishra, Vimal AU - Cherkauer, Keith A. AU - Niyogi, Dev AU - Lei, Ming AU - Pijanowski, Bryan C. AU - Ray, Deepak K. AU - Bowling, Laura C. AU - Yang, Guoxiang DO - 10.1002/joc.2095 IS - 13 KW - Land cover change land-use change climate change land surface response sensitivity analysis water and energy cycle deforestation/reforestation urbanization VIC IPCC PY - 2010 SN - 1097-0088 SP - 2025-2044 ST - A regional scale assessment of land use/land cover and climatic changes on water and energy cycle in the upper Midwest United States T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - A regional scale assessment of land use/land cover and climatic changes on water and energy cycle in the upper Midwest United States VL - 30 ID - 21109 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate extremes have profound implications for urban infrastructure and human society, but studies of observed changes in climate extremes over the global urban areas are few, even though more than half of the global population now resides in urban areas. Here, using observed station data for 217 urban areas across the globe, we show that these urban areas have experienced significant increases ( p -value <0.05) in the number of heat waves during the period 1973–2012, while the frequency of cold waves has declined. Almost half of the urban areas experienced significant increases in the number of extreme hot days, while almost 2/3 showed significant increases in the frequency of extreme hot nights. Extreme windy days declined substantially during the last four decades with statistically significant declines in about 60% in the urban areas. Significant increases ( p -value <0.05) in the frequency of daily precipitation extremes and in annual maximum precipitation occurred at smaller fractions (17 and 10% respectively) of the total urban areas, with about half as many urban areas showing statistically significant downtrends as uptrends. Changes in temperature and wind extremes, estimated as the result of a 40 year linear trend, differed for urban and non-urban pairs, while changes in indices of extreme precipitation showed no clear differentiation for urban and selected non-urban stations. AU - Mishra, Vimal AU - Ganguly, Auroop R. AU - Nijssen, Bart AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis P. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024005 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 024005 ST - Changes in observed climate extremes in global urban areas T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Changes in observed climate extremes in global urban areas VL - 10 ID - 23176 ER - TY - WEB AU - Missouri Department of Transportation M1 - 7:53 AM; May 4, 2017 PY - 2017 ST - Traveler Information Report [web site] TI - Traveler Information Report [web site] UR - http://traveler.modot.org/report/modottext.aspx?type=all#tag_flood_closed ID - 26694 ER - TY - WEB AU - Missouri Department of Transportation M1 - May 24, 2017 PY - 2017 ST - Traveler Information Report [web site] TI - Traveler Information Report [web site] UR - http://traveler.modot.org/report/modottext.aspx?type=all#tag_flood_closed ID - 26695 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A systems, holistic, or ecosystem approach is often advocated for water management, and has led to the emergence of integrated water resource management, or IWRM. Such an approach can be interpreted as ‘comprehensive’ or ‘integrated’, and analysts, planners, and managers need to understand the difference. Edge or boundary problems always are encountered when applying a holistic approach, and design of institutional arrangements cannot eliminate these problems but can minimize them. IWRM often does not have a statutory basis, which can lead to implementation challenges. By linking IWRM to land-use planning and official plans at the local level, IWRM can be given credibility, as well as be systematically connected to land-based issues. AU - Mitchell, Bruce DO - 10.1068/a37224 IS - 8 PY - 2005 SP - 1335-1352 ST - Integrated water resource management, institutional arrangements, and land-use planning T2 - Environment and Planning A TI - Integrated water resource management, institutional arrangements, and land-use planning VL - 37 ID - 21421 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mitchell, M. AU - Herman, J. AU - Bilkovic, D. M. AU - Hershner, C. DA - 2017/10/03 DO - 10.1080/20964129.2017.1396009 IS - 10 PY - 2017 SN - 2096-4129 SP - 1379888 ST - Marsh persistence under sea-level rise is controlled by multiple, geologically variable stressors T2 - Ecosystem Health and Sustainability TI - Marsh persistence under sea-level rise is controlled by multiple, geologically variable stressors VL - 3 ID - 26213 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dedicated energy crops and crop residues will meet herbaceous feedstock demands for the new bioeconomy in the Central and Eastern USA. Perennial warm-season grasses and corn stover are well-suited to the eastern half of the USA and provide opportunities for expanding agricultural operations in the region. A suite of warm-season grasses and associated management practices have been developed by researchers from the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and collaborators associated with USDA Regional Biomass Research Centers. Second generation biofuel feedstocks provide an opportunity to increase the production of transportation fuels from recently fixed plant carbon rather than from fossil fuels. Although there is no “one-size-fits-all” bioenergy feedstock, crop residues like corn (Zea mays L.) stover are the most readily available bioenergy feedstocks. However, on marginally productive cropland, perennial grasses provide a feedstock supply while enhancing ecosystem services. Twenty-five years of research has demonstrated that perennial grasses like switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) are profitable and environmentally sustainable on marginally productive cropland in the western Corn Belt and Southeastern USA. AU - Mitchell, R. B. AU - Schmer, M. R. AU - Anderson, W. F. AU - Jin, V. AU - Balkcom, K. S. AU - Kiniry, J. AU - Coffin, A. AU - White, P. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s12155-016-9734-2 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1939-1242 SP - 384-398 ST - Dedicated energy crops and crop residues for bioenergy feedstocks in the central and eastern USA T2 - BioEnergy Research TI - Dedicated energy crops and crop residues for bioenergy feedstocks in the central and eastern USA VL - 9 ID - 25546 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mitchell, Robert J. AU - Kirkman, L. Katherine AU - Pecot, Stephen D. AU - Wilson, Carlos A. AU - Palik, Brian J. AU - Boring, Lindsay R. DA - 1999/06/01 DO - 10.1139/x99-051 IS - 6 PY - 1999 SN - 0045-5067 SP - 743-751 ST - Patterns and controls of ecosystem function in longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas. I. Aboveground net primary productivity T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research TI - Patterns and controls of ecosystem function in longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas. I. Aboveground net primary productivity VL - 29 Y2 - 2018/09/17 ID - 26326 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mitchell, Robert J. AU - Liu, Yongqiang AU - O’Brien, Joseph J. AU - Elliott, Katherine J. AU - Starr, Gregory AU - Miniat, Chelcy Ford AU - Hiers, J. Kevin DA - 2014/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.12.003 KW - Biodiversity Carbon sequestration Climate change Ecological services Prescribed fire Wildland fire PY - 2014 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 316-326 ST - Future climate and fire interactions in the southeastern region of the United States T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Future climate and fire interactions in the southeastern region of the United States VL - 327 ID - 24249 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Mitchum, G. T. C6 - NCA CY - Gainesville, FL PB - Florida Climate Institute PY - 2011 SP - 20 ST - Sea Level Changes in the Southeastern United States: Past, Present and Future TI - Sea Level Changes in the Southeastern United States: Past, Present and Future UR - http://www.FloridaClimateInstitute.org/images/reports/201108mitchum_sealevel.pdf ID - 14563 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The rapid melting of the Earth′s ice reservoirs will produce geographically distinct patterns of sea level change that have come to be known as sea level fingerprints. A basic, gravitationally self-consistent theory for computing these patterns appeared in the 1970s; however, recent, highly discrepant fingerprint calculations have led to suggestions that the algorithms and/or theoretical implementation adopted in many previous predictions is not robust. We present a suite of numerical predictions, including benchmark comparisons with analytic results, that counter this argument and demonstrate the accuracy of most published predictions. Moreover, we show that small differences apparent in calculations published by some groups can be accounted for by subtle differences in the underlying physics. The paper concludes with two sensitivity analyses: (1) we present the first-ever calculation of sea level fingerprints on earth models with 3-D variations in elastic structure and density, and conclude that this added complexity has a negligible effect on the predictions; (2) we compare fingerprints of polar ice sheet mass flux computed under the (very common) assumption of a uniform melt distribution to fingerprints calculated using melt geometries constrained by analysing recent trends in GRACE gravity data. Predictions in the near field of the ice sheets are sensitive to the assumed melt geometry; however, this sensitivity also extends to the far field, particularly in the case of Antarctic mass changes, because of the strong dependence of the rotational feedback signal on the melt geometry. We conclude that inferences of ice sheet mass flux based on modern sea level constraints should consider these more realistic melt geometries. AU - Mitrovica, J. X. AU - Gomez, N. AU - Morrow, E. AU - Hay, C. AU - Latychev, K. AU - Tamisiea, M. E. DA - November 1, 2011 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05090.x IS - 2 PY - 2011 SP - 729-742 ST - On the robustness of predictions of sea level fingerprints T2 - Geophysical Journal International TI - On the robustness of predictions of sea level fingerprints VL - 187 ID - 20632 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Mitsch, William J. AU - Gosselink, James G. C4 - 2f97e0c9-039b-48fc-8308-30cf9cfb34ae CY - New York ET - 2nd PB - Van Nostrand Reinhold PY - 1993 SN - 0 442 00805 SP - 722 ST - Wetlands TI - Wetlands ID - 21646 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Mitsch, William J. AU - Gosselink, James G. C4 - f3efb037-04cf-442a-8d41-812d21f7a6c8 CY - New York ET - 4th PB - Wiley PY - 2007 SN - 0471699675 978-0471699675 SP - 600 ST - Wetlands TI - Wetlands ID - 26338 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Mitsch, William J. AU - Gosselink, James G. C4 - b4bf88f4-7c83-4330-8721-28e3393f1e2b CY - Hoboken, NJ ET - 5th PB - Wiley PY - 2015 SN - 978-1-118-67682-0 SP - 701-702 ST - Appendix A. Wetland losses by state in the United States, 1780s–1980s T2 - Wetlands TI - Appendix A. Wetland losses by state in the United States, 1780s–1980s ID - 21280 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abiotic stress conditions such as drought, heat, or salinity cause extensive losses to agricultural production worldwide. Progress in generating transgenic crops with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses has nevertheless been slow. The complex field environment with its heterogenic conditions, abiotic stress combinations, and global climatic changes are but a few of the challenges facing modern agriculture. A combination of approaches will likely be needed to significantly improve the abiotic stress tolerance of crops in the field. These will include mechanistic understanding and subsequent utilization of stress response and stress acclimation networks, with careful attention to field growth conditions, extensive testing in the laboratory, greenhouse, and the field; the use of innovative approaches that take into consideration the genetic background and physiology of different crops; the use of enzymes and proteins from other organisms; and the integration of QTL mapping and other genetic and breeding tools. AU - Mittler, Ron AU - Blumwald, Eduardo DO - 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112116 IS - 1 KW - abiotic stress,climate change,field conditions,global warming,stress combination,stress tolerance,transgenic crops PY - 2010 SP - 443-462 ST - Genetic engineering for modern agriculture: Challenges and perspectives T2 - Annual Review of Plant Biology TI - Genetic engineering for modern agriculture: Challenges and perspectives VL - 61 ID - 25547 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Several proximate factors of masting have been provided. Here, I focus on the role of internal factors, especially the relationship between internal carbon resources and modular structures in trees. I summarize various studies of carbon resource allocation for reproduction during masting events in terms of the proximate factors of masting and discuss the modular structure in which trees accumulate and consume carbon resources as well as the timing when internal carbon resources affect masting since trees have complex resource dynamics among organs. The resource budget model, which provides a simple mechanistic explanation of the masting mechanism, is supported by various study lines. This model assumes decreasing levels of stored photosynthate after flowering and fruiting. According to several studies, however, carbon reserves do not decrease after fruiting in species in which the modules autonomously allocate current photosynthate for fruiting. In addition, it is important to elucidate when carbon resources affect masting events because during their long developmental processes, trees pass through various stages until they produce maturing fruits to create successful masting events. To explore the mechanisms of masting in future studies, it would be important to figure out how and when candidate factors (including nutrients other than carbon) may influence the entire reproduction process, for example, using field manipulation experiments. AU - Miyazaki, Yuko DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s11284-011-0892-6 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1440-1703 SP - 143-150 ST - Dynamics of internal carbon resources during masting behavior in trees T2 - Ecological Research TI - Dynamics of internal carbon resources during masting behavior in trees VL - 28 ID - 21969 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moberg, Fredrik AU - Folke, Carl DA - 1999/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00009-9 IS - 2 KW - Coral reefs Ecological services Management Biodiversity Resilience Valuation PY - 1999 SN - 0921-8009 SP - 215-233 ST - Ecological goods and services of coral reef ecosystems T2 - Ecological Economics TI - Ecological goods and services of coral reef ecosystems VL - 29 ID - 24357 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The tropical coastal “seascape” often includes a patchwork of mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs that produces a variety of natural resources and ecosystem services. By looking into a limited number of attempts at substitution and restoration of ecosystem services (e.g. artificial reefs, aquaculture in mangroves, artificial seawalls), we address the questions: (1) To what degree can technologies substitute for ecosystem services in the seascape? (2) How can ecosystem restoration reestablish not only the functions of direct value to humans, but also the ability of the systems to cope with future disturbance? Substitutions often imply the replacement of a function provided free by a solar powered, self-repairing resilient ecosystem, with a fossil-fuel-powered, expensive, artificial substitute that needs maintenance. Further, restoration usually does not focus on large-scale processes such as the physical, biological and biogeochemical interactions between mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs. Nonetheless, restoration might be the only viable management alternative when the system is essentially locked into an undesired community state (stability domain) after a phase-shift. We conclude that ecosystem services cannot be readily replaced, restored or sustained without extensive knowledge of the dynamics, multifunctionality and interconnectedness of ecosystems. AU - Moberg, Fredrik AU - Rönnbäck, Patrik DA - 2003/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/S0964-5691(02)00119-9 DP - ScienceDirect IS - 1 PY - 2003 SN - 0964-5691 SP - 27-46 ST - Ecosystem services of the tropical seascape: Interactions, substitutions and restoration T2 - Ocean & Coastal Management TI - Ecosystem services of the tropical seascape: Interactions, substitutions and restoration VL - 46 ID - 22480 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mochizuki, Junko AU - Mechler, Reinhard AU - Hochrainer-Stigler, Stefan AU - Keating, Adriana AU - Williges, Keith DA - 2014/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2014.05.002 KW - Review Natural disasters and development Macroeconomic and statistical analysis Risk vulnerability and resilience PY - 2014 SN - 2212-0963 SP - 39-54 ST - Revisiting the "disaster and development" debate—Toward a broader understanding of macroeconomic risk and resilience T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - Revisiting the "disaster and development" debate—Toward a broader understanding of macroeconomic risk and resilience VL - 3 ID - 25759 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moerlein, Katie J. AU - Carothers, Courtney DO - 10.5751/es-04543-170110 IS - 1 PY - 2012 SN - 1708-3087 SP - 10 ST - Total environment of change: Impacts of climate change and social transitions on subsistence fisheries in northwest Alaska T2 - Ecology and Society TI - Total environment of change: Impacts of climate change and social transitions on subsistence fisheries in northwest Alaska VL - 17 ID - 18842 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to decrease oceanic oxygen (O2) concentrations, with potentially significant effects on marine ecosystems. Geologically recent episodes of abrupt climatic warming provide opportunities to assess the effects of changing oxygenation on marine communities. Thus far, this knowledge has been largely restricted to investigations using Foraminifera, with little being known about ecosystem-scale responses to abrupt, climate-forced deoxygenation. We here present high-resolution records based on the first comprehensive quantitative analysis, to our knowledge, of changes in marine metazoans (Mollusca, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, and Annelida; >5,400 fossils and trace fossils) in response to the global warming associated with the last glacial to interglacial episode. The molluscan archive is dominated by extremophile taxa, including those containing endosymbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Lucinoma aequizonatum) and those that graze on filamentous sulfur-oxidizing benthic bacterial mats (Alia permodesta). This record, from 16,100 to 3,400 y ago, demonstrates that seafloor invertebrate communities are subject to major turnover in response to relatively minor inferred changes in oxygenation (>1.5 to <0.5 mL⋅L−1 [O2]) associated with abrupt (<100 y) warming of the eastern Pacific. The biotic turnover and recovery events within the record expand known rates of marine biological recovery by an order of magnitude, from <100 to >1,000 y, and illustrate the crucial role of climate and oceanographic change in driving long-term successional changes in ocean ecosystems. AU - Moffitt, Sarah E. AU - Hill, Tessa M. AU - Roopnarine, Peter D. AU - Kennett, James P. DA - April 14, 2015 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1417130112 IS - 15 PY - 2015 SP - 4684-4689 ST - Response of seafloor ecosystems to abrupt global climate change T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Response of seafloor ecosystems to abrupt global climate change VL - 112 ID - 20034 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moftakhari, Hamed R. AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Sanders, Brett F. AU - Feldman, David L. AU - Sweet, William AU - Matthew, Richard A. AU - Luke, Adam DO - 10.1002/2015GL066072 IS - 22 KW - nuisance flooding sea level rise coastal region climate change impacts socio-economic threat 1821 Floods 4217 Coastal processes 4215 Climate and interannual variability 4304 Oceanic 4556 Sea level: variations and mean PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 9846-9852 ST - Increased nuisance flooding along the coasts of the United States due to sea level rise: Past and future T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Increased nuisance flooding along the coasts of the United States due to sea level rise: Past and future VL - 42 ID - 19963 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The cumulative cost of frequent events (e.g., nuisance floods) over time may exceed the costs of the extreme but infrequent events for which societies typically prepare. Here we analyze the likelihood of exceedances above mean higher high water and the corresponding property value exposure for minor, major, and extreme coastal floods. Our results suggest that, in response to sea level rise, nuisance flooding (NF) could generate property value exposure comparable to, or larger than, extreme events. Determining whether (and when) low cost, nuisance incidents aggregate into high cost impacts and deciding when to invest in preventive measures are among the most difficult decisions for policymakers. It would be unfortunate if efforts to protect societies from extreme events (e.g., 0.01 annual probability) left them exposed to a cumulative hazard with enormous costs. We propose a Cumulative Hazard Index (CHI) as a tool for framing the future cumulative impact of low cost incidents relative to infrequent extreme events. CHI suggests that in New York, NY, Washington, DC, Miami, FL, San Francisco, CA, and Seattle, WA, a careful consideration of socioeconomic impacts of NF for prioritization is crucial for sustainable coastal flood risk management. AU - Moftakhari, Hamed R. AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Sanders, Brett F. AU - Matthew, Richard A. DO - 10.1002/2016EF000494 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SP - 214-223 ST - Cumulative hazard: The case of nuisance flooding T2 - Earth's Future TI - Cumulative hazard: The case of nuisance flooding VL - 5 ID - 25464 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sea level rise (SLR), a well-documented and urgent aspect of anthropogenic global warming, threatens population and assets located in low-lying coastal regions all around the world. Common flood hazard assessment practices typically account for one driver at a time (e.g., either fluvial flooding only or ocean flooding only), whereas coastal cities vulnerable to SLR are at risk for flooding from multiple drivers (e.g., extreme coastal high tide, storm surge, and river flow). Here, we propose a bivariate flood hazard assessment approach that accounts for compound flooding from river flow and coastal water level, and we show that a univariate approach may not appropriately characterize the flood hazard if there are compounding effects. Using copulas and bivariate dependence analysis, we also quantify the increases in failure probabilities for 2030 and 2050 caused by SLR under representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5. Additionally, the increase in failure probability is shown to be strongly affected by compounding effects. The proposed failure probability method offers an innovative tool for assessing compounding flood hazards in a warming climate. AU - Moftakhari, Hamed R. AU - Salvadori, Gianfausto AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Sanders, Brett F. AU - Matthew, Richard A. DA - September 12, 2017 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1620325114 IS - 37 PY - 2017 SP - 9785-9790 ST - Compounding effects of sea level rise and fluvial flooding T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Compounding effects of sea level rise and fluvial flooding VL - 114 ID - 21514 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a reported leading cause of death among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and takes a disproportionate toll on these populations. Using the electronic database PubMed, the purpose of this review is to summarize findings from CVD morbidity/mortality outcome studies, as well as CVD and CVD risk factor intervention studies among AI/ANs, published in 2014 and 2015. AU - Mohammed, Selina A. AU - Udell, Wadiya DA - January 17 DO - 10.1007/s12170-017-0526-9 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1932-9563 SP - 1 ST - American Indians/Alaska Natives and cardiovascular disease: Outcomes, interventions, and areas of opportunity T2 - Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports TI - American Indians/Alaska Natives and cardiovascular disease: Outcomes, interventions, and areas of opportunity VL - 11 ID - 24929 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Contact with poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is one of the most widely reported ailments at poison centers in the United States, and this plant has been introduced throughout the world, where it occurs with other allergenic members of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae). Approximately 80% of humans develop dermatitis upon exposure to the carbon-based active compound, urushiol. It is not known how poison ivy might respond to increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), but previous work done in controlled growth chambers shows that other vines exhibit large growth enhancement from elevated CO2. Rising CO2 is potentially responsible for the increased vine abundance that is inhibiting forest regeneration and increasing tree mortality around the world. In this 6-year study at the Duke University Free-Air CO2 Enrichment experiment, we show that elevated atmospheric CO2 in an intact forest ecosystem increases photosynthesis, water use efficiency, growth, and population biomass of poison ivy. The CO2 growth stimulation exceeds that of most other woody species. Furthermore, high-CO2 plants produce a more allergenic form of urushiol. Our results indicate that Toxicodendron taxa will become more abundant and more “toxic” in the future, potentially affecting global forest dynamics and human health. AU - Mohan, Jacqueline E. AU - Ziska, Lewis H. AU - Schlesinger, William H. AU - Thomas, Richard B. AU - Sicher, Richard C. AU - George, Kate AU - Clark, James S. DO - 10.1073/pnas.0602392103 IS - 24 PY - 2006 SP - 9086-9089 ST - Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO2 T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO2 VL - 103 ID - 26677 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Möller, Iris AU - Kudella, Matthias AU - Rupprecht, Franziska AU - Spencer, Tom AU - Paul, Maike AU - van Wesenbeeck, Bregje K. AU - Wolters, Guido AU - Jensen, Kai AU - Bouma, Tjeerd J. AU - Miranda-Lange, Martin AU - Schimmels, Stefan DA - 10//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo2251 IS - 10 M3 - Letter PY - 2014 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 727-731 ST - Wave attenuation over coastal salt marshes under storm surge conditions T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Wave attenuation over coastal salt marshes under storm surge conditions VL - 7 ID - 21732 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Molnár, Peter K. AU - Derocher, Andrew E. AU - Klanjscek, Tin AU - Lewis, Mark A. C6 - NCA C7 - 186 DA - 8 February 2011 DO - 10.1038/ncomms1183 PY - 2011 SN - 2041-1723 SP - 1-8 ST - Predicting climate change impacts on polar bear litter size T2 - Nature Communications TI - Predicting climate change impacts on polar bear litter size VL - 2 ID - 14568 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Monaghan, A.J. AU - Moore, S.M. AU - Sampson, K.M. AU - Beard, C.B. AU - Eisen, R.J. DO - 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.05.005 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - 615-622 ST - Climate change influences on the annual onset of Lyme disease in the United States T2 - Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases TI - Climate change influences on the annual onset of Lyme disease in the United States VL - 6 ID - 18343 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Monaghan, Andrew J. AU - Morin, Cory W. AU - Steinhoff, Daniel F. AU - Wilhelmi, Olga AU - Hayden, Mary AU - Quattrochi, Dale A. AU - Reiskind, Michael AU - Lloyd, Alun L AU - Smith, Kirk AU - Schmidt, Chris A. AU - Scalf, Paige E. AU - Ernst, Kacey PY - 2016 ST - On the seasonal occurrence and abundance of the Zika virus vector mosquito Aedes aegypti in the contiguous United States T2 - Plos Currents: Outbreaks TI - On the seasonal occurrence and abundance of the Zika virus vector mosquito Aedes aegypti in the contiguous United States UR - http://currents.plos.org/outbreaks/article/on-the-seasonal-occurrence-and-abundance-of-the-zika-virus-vector-mosquito-aedes-aegypti-in-the-contiguous-united-states/ ID - 22061 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The mosquito Aedes (Ae). aegypti transmits the viruses that cause dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever. We investigate how choosing alternate emissions and/or socioeconomic pathways may modulate future human exposure to Ae. aegypti. Occurrence patterns for Ae. aegypti for 2061–2080 are mapped globally using empirically downscaled air temperature and precipitation projections from the Community Earth System Model, for the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Population growth is quantified using gridded global population projections consistent with two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), SSP3 and SSP5. Change scenarios are compared to a 1950–2000 reference period. A global land area of 56.9 M km2 is climatically suitable for Ae. aegypti during the reference period, and is projected to increase by 8 % (RCP4.5) to 13 % (RCP8.5) by 2061–2080. The annual average number of people exposed globally to Ae. aegypti for the reference period is 3794 M, a value projected to statistically significantly increase by 298–460 M (8–12 %) by 2061–2080 if only climate change is considered, and by 4805–5084 M (127–134 %) for SSP3 and 2232–2483 M (59–65 %) for SSP5 considering both climate and population change (lower and upper values of each range represent RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively). Thus, taking the lower-emissions RCP4.5 pathway instead of RCP8.5 may mitigate future human exposure to Ae. aegypti globally, but the effect of population growth on exposure will likely be larger. Regionally, Australia, Europe and North America are projected to have the largest percentage increases in human exposure to Ae. aegypti considering only climate change. AU - Monaghan, Andrew J. AU - Sampson, K. M. AU - Steinhoff, D. F. AU - Ernst, K. C. AU - Ebi, K. L. AU - Jones, B. AU - Hayden, M. H. DA - April 25 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1679-0 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 ST - The potential impacts of 21st century climatic and population changes on human exposure to the virus vector mosquito Aedes aegypti T2 - Climatic Change TI - The potential impacts of 21st century climatic and population changes on human exposure to the virus vector mosquito Aedes aegypti ID - 24108 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dwindling water supplies, increasing drought frequency and uncertainties associated with a changing climate mean Europe's irrigated agriculture sector needs to improve water efficiency and produce more 'crop per drop'. This paper summarizes the drivers for change, and the constraints and opportunities for improving agricultural water management through uptake of precision irrigation technologies. A multi‐disciplinary and integrated approach involving irrigation engineers, soil scientists, agronomists and plant physiologists will be needed if the potential for precision irrigation within the field crop sector is to be realized. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry AU - Monaghan, James M AU - Daccache, Andre AU - Vickers, Laura H AU - Hess, Tim M AU - Weatherhead, E Keith AU - Grove, Ivan G AU - Knox, Jerry W DO - 10.1002/jsfa.6051 IS - 5 PY - 2013 SP - 977-980 ST - More ‘crop per drop’: Constraints and opportunities for precision irrigation in European agriculture T2 - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture TI - More ‘crop per drop’: Constraints and opportunities for precision irrigation in European agriculture VL - 93 ID - 25548 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Monahan, William B. AU - Rosemartin, Alyssa AU - Gerst, Katharine L. AU - Fisichelli, Nicholas A. AU - Ault, Toby AU - Schwartz, Mark D. AU - Gross, John E. AU - Weltzin, Jake F. C7 - e01465 DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1465 IS - 10 KW - climate change landscape context monitoring national parks phenology protected areas Special Feature: Science for Our National Parks' Second Century spring index United States PY - 2016 SN - 2150-8925 SP - e01465 ST - Climate change is advancing spring onset across the U.S. national park system T2 - Ecosphere TI - Climate change is advancing spring onset across the U.S. national park system VL - 7 ID - 23420 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper proposes an approach for developing optimal risk-based management strategies for bridges in coastal regions. Currently, bridge management strategies in these regions are designed to limit the negative effects corrosion has on bridge performance under traffic loads. However, recent large-scale hurricanes and their associated damage to bridges have demonstrated the need to consider hurricanes when making bridge management decisions. This paper aims to develop optimal risk-based management strategies that include both repair actions to address deteriorating performance under traffic loads and retrofit actions to minimize the potential for failure during hurricanes. The proposed approach considers the uncertainties associated with hazards, and the economic, social, and environmental consequences of failure under traffic loads and hurricanes. The optimal management strategies are achieved by formulating and solving a multiobjective optimization problem. The objectives of this optimization problem include minimizing the lifecycle costs accrued due to repair and retrofit actions and minimizing the maximum risk over the lifecycle of the bridge. The proposed risk-based approach is applied to a steel girder bridge located in a hurricane-prone region. AU - Mondoro, Alysson AU - Frangopol, Dan M. AU - Soliman, Mohamed DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000346 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SP - 04016046 ST - Optimal risk-based management of coastal bridges vulnerable to hurricanes T2 - Journal of Infrastructure Systems TI - Optimal risk-based management of coastal bridges vulnerable to hurricanes VL - 23 ID - 24555 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Mone, Christopher AU - Hand, Maureen AU - Bolinger, Mark AU - Rand, Joseph AU - Heimiller, Donna AU - Ho, Jonathan CY - Golden, CO NV - NREL/TP-6A20-66861 PB - National Renewable Energy Laboratory PY - 2017 SP - 97 ST - 2015 Cost of Wind Energy Review TI - 2015 Cost of Wind Energy Review UR - https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy17osti/66861.pdf ID - 24521 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this study, we analyze changes in extreme temperature and precipitation over the US in a 60-member ensemble simulation of the 21st century with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Integrated Global System Model–Community Atmosphere Model (IGSM-CAM). Four values of climate sensitivity, three emissions scenarios and five initial conditions are considered. The results show a general intensification and an increase in the frequency of extreme hot temperatures and extreme precipitation events over most of the US. Extreme cold temperatures are projected to decrease in intensity and frequency, especially over the northern parts of the US. This study displays a wide range of future changes in extreme events in the US, even simulated by a single climate model. Results clearly show that the choice of policy is the largest source of uncertainty in the magnitude of the changes. The impact of the climate sensitivity is largest for the unconstrained emissions scenario and the implementation of a stabilization scenario drastically reduces the changes in extremes, even for the highest climate sensitivity considered. Finally, simulations with different initial conditions show conspicuously different patterns and magnitudes of changes in extreme events, underlining the role of natural variability in projections of changes in extreme events. AU - Monier, Erwan AU - Gao, Xiang DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-1048-1 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 67-81 ST - Climate change impacts on extreme events in the United States: An uncertainty analysis T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change impacts on extreme events in the United States: An uncertainty analysis VL - 131 ID - 24477 ER - TY - ECHAP A2 - Chakravarty, Sumit A2 - Shukla, Gopal AU - Monmany, Ana Carolina AU - Gould, William A. AU - Andrade-Núñez, María José AU - González, Grizelle AU - Quiñones, Maya C4 - 778ed64d-68a3-45ee-bc66-6f83acbbc70f CY - London DO - 10.5772/67667 M1 - 4 PB - InTech PY - 2017 SN - 978-953-51-3089-5 978-953-51-3090-1 SP - 77-95 ST - Characterizing predictability of fire occurrence in tropical forests and grasslands: The case of Puerto Rico T2 - Forest Ecology and Conservation TI - Characterizing predictability of fire occurrence in tropical forests and grasslands: The case of Puerto Rico ID - 25021 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Small-island developing states (SIDS) are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, sea level rise and extreme weather events. Sea-level rise is expected to exacerbate coastal erosion. Adaptation measures in response to this in SIDS have the potential to reduce some of the adverse impacts, yet they have limitations. This article addresses the degree to which households on the island of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), are affected by coastal erosion, the autonomous adaptation measures they have implemented, the limitations thereof, and the loss and damage incurred as a result. This analysis is based on quantitative and qualitative data. We found that 70% of the 363 households we interviewed experienced adverse effects of coastal erosion. Of those suffering from impacts, 60% carried out adaptation measures. Yet, 92% of those respondents who carried out adaptation measures indicated that these measures were insufficient, resulting in loss and damage to livelihoods, housing and culture. This empirical case study contributes to the critical debate on the impacts of climate change beyond adaptation. AU - Monnereau, Iris AU - Abraham, Simpson DA - 2013/01/01/ DO - 10.1504/IJGW.2013.057283 DP - inderscienceonline.com (Atypon) IS - 4 PY - 2013 SN - 1758-2083 SP - 416-432 ST - Limits to autonomous adaptation in response to coastal erosion in Kosrae, Micronesia T2 - International Journal of Global Warming TI - Limits to autonomous adaptation in response to coastal erosion in Kosrae, Micronesia VL - 5 Y2 - 2016/06/23/22:00:37 ID - 22481 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Monnereau, Iris AU - Oxenford, Hazel A. C4 - 6a887a73-790f-415d-af89-8bbdc643571f CY - UK PB - Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme PY - 2017 SP - 124-154 ST - Impacts of climate change on fisheries in the coastal and marine environments of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) T2 - CME Caribbean Marine Climate Change Report Card 2017: Science Review 2017 TI - Impacts of climate change on fisheries in the coastal and marine environments of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) UR - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/605077/10._Fisheries_combined.pdf ID - 25242 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Yakima River Basin (Basin) in south-central Washington is a prime example of a place where competing water uses, coupled with over-allocation of water resources, have presented water managers with the challenge of meeting current demand, anticipating future demand, and preparing for potential impacts of climate change. We took a decision analysis approach that gathered diverse stakeholders to discuss their concerns pertaining to climate change effects on the Basin and future goals that were collectively important. One main focus was centered on how climate change may influence future salmon populations. Salmon have played a prominent role in the cultures of Basin communities, especially for tribal communities that have social, cultural, spiritual, subsistence, and economic ties to them. Stakeholders identified the need for a better understanding on how the cultural, spiritual, subsistence, and economic aspects of the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation could be affected by changes in salmon populations. In an attempt to understand the complexities of these potential effects, this paper proposes a conceptual model which 1) identifies cultural values and components and the interactions between those components that could influence tribal well-being, and 2) shows how federal natural resource managers could incorporate intangible tribal cultural components into decision-making processes by understanding important components of tribal well-being. Future work includes defining the parameterization of the cultural components in order for the conceptual model to be incorporated with biophysical resource models for scenario simulations. AU - Montag, J. M. AU - Swan, K. AU - Jenni, K. AU - Nieman, T. AU - Hatten, J. AU - Mesa, M. AU - Graves, D. AU - Voss, F. AU - Mastin, M. AU - Hardiman, J. AU - Maule, A. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-1001-3 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 385-398 ST - Climate change and Yakama Nation tribal well-being T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change and Yakama Nation tribal well-being VL - 124 ID - 21116 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Montalvo, Avier J. AU - Faulk, Cynthia K. AU - Holt, G. Joan DA - 2012/11/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.07.017 IS - Supplement C KW - Aromatase cytochrome P450 Sex determination PY - 2012 SN - 0022-0981 SP - 186-190 ST - Sex determination in southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, from the Texas Gulf Coast T2 - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology TI - Sex determination in southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, from the Texas Gulf Coast VL - 432-433 ID - 23306 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Montana Drought Demonstration Partners CY - Helena, MT PB - Montana Department of Natural Resources PY - 2015 SP - 8 ST - A Workplan for Drought Resilience in the Missouri Headwaters Basin. A National Demonstration Project TI - A Workplan for Drought Resilience in the Missouri Headwaters Basin. A National Demonstration Project UR - http://dnrc.mt.gov/divisions/water/management/docs/surface-water-studies/workplan_drought_resilience_missouri_headwaters.pdf ID - 26709 ER - TY - PRESS AU - Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks CY - Helena, MT PB - Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks PY - 2016 ST - Yellowstone River Fish Kill Fact Sheet—Updated Sept. 22, 2016 TI - Yellowstone River Fish Kill Fact Sheet—Updated Sept. 22, 2016 UR - http://fwp.mt.gov/news/newsReleases/closures/waterbodies/nr_106.html ID - 21648 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Montenegro, Alvaro AU - Eby, Michael AU - Mu, Qiaozhen AU - Mulligan, Mark AU - Weaver, Andrew J AU - Wiebe, Edward C AU - Zhao, Maosheng DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.08.005 IS - 4 PY - 2009 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 195-204 ST - The net carbon drawdown of small scale afforestation from satellite observations T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - The net carbon drawdown of small scale afforestation from satellite observations VL - 69 ID - 22620 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Montilla-López, Nazaret M. AU - Gutiérrez-Martín, Carlos AU - Gómez-Limón, José A. DO - 10.3390/w8100466 IS - 10 PY - 2016 SN - 2073-4441 SP - 466 ST - Water banks: What have we learnt from the international experience? T2 - Water TI - Water banks: What have we learnt from the international experience? VL - 8 ID - 23829 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Moody's CY - London PB - Moody's Investor's Services PY - 2016 ST - Environmental Risks—Sovereigns: How Moody’s Assesses the Physical Effects of Climate Change on Sovereign Issuers TI - Environmental Risks—Sovereigns: How Moody’s Assesses the Physical Effects of Climate Change on Sovereign Issuers ID - 26456 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Moody's PB - Moody's Investor Services PY - 2017 SP - 21 ST - Environmental Risks: Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on US State and Local Issuers TI - Environmental Risks: Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on US State and Local Issuers UR - http://www.southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Evaluating-the-impact-of-climate-change-on-US-state-and-local-issuers-11-28-17.pdf ID - 26458 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Mook, Bill AU - Salisbury, Joe M1 - May 26 PB - IEEE PY - 2015 ST - Ocean acidification: A global issue affecting a Maine oyster farm T2 - Earthzine TI - Ocean acidification: A global issue affecting a Maine oyster farm UR - https://earthzine.org/ocean-acidification-a-global-issue-affecting-a-maine-oyster-farm/ ID - 24882 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While inputs from land are recognized as important resources supporting production in estuaries, the role that storm events play in resource delivery and the response of estuarine systems to pulsed inputs are less well appreciated. Temporal variations in (1) watershed export via the Mission and Aransas rivers and (2) nutrient and organic matter dynamics in Copano Bay were examined in the Mission–Aransas National Estuarine Research Reserve, south Texas. Inorganic nutrient, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and particulate organic matter (POM) concentrations in the rivers varied substantially with discharge, as did carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of POM. Accounting for these variations was critical for calculating robust watershed export estimates. In Copano Bay, soluble reactive phosphorus, POM, and DOM remained elevated for several months following major runoff events, whereas inorganic nitrogen was rapidly depleted. Chlorophyll-a concentrations and POC-δ13C in Copano Bay showed that increased POM concentrations were linked to enhanced in situ production. AU - Mooney, Rae F. AU - McClelland, James W. DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s12237-012-9537-4 IS - 6 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1559-2731 SP - 1468-1485 ST - Watershed export events and ecosystem responses in the Mission–Aransas National Estuarine Research Reserve, South Texas T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - Watershed export events and ecosystem responses in the Mission–Aransas National Estuarine Research Reserve, South Texas VL - 35 ID - 23230 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A multiscale analysis is conducted in order to examine the physical processes that resulted in prolonged heavy rainfall and devastating flash flooding across western and central Tennessee and Kentucky on 1–2 May 2010, during which Nashville, Tennessee, received 344.7 mm of rainfall and incurred 11 flood-related fatalities. On the synoptic scale, heavy rainfall was supported by a persistent corridor of strong water vapor transport rooted in the tropics that was manifested as an atmospheric river (AR). This AR developed as water vapor was extracted from the eastern tropical Pacific and the Caribbean Sea and transported into the central Mississippi Valley by a strong southerly low-level jet (LLJ) positioned between a stationary lee trough along the eastern Mexico coast and a broad, stationary subtropical ridge positioned over the southeastern United States and the subtropical Atlantic. The AR, associated with substantial water vapor content and moderate convective available potential energy, supported the successive development of two quasi-stationary mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) on 1 and 2 May, respectively. These MCSs were both linearly organized and exhibited back-building and echo-training, processes that afforded the repeated movement of convective cells over the same area of western and central Tennessee and Kentucky, resulting in a narrow band of rainfall totals of 200–400 mm. Mesoscale analyses reveal that the MCSs developed on the warm side of a slow-moving cold front and that the interaction between the southerly LLJ and convectively generated outflow boundaries was fundamental for generating convection. AU - Moore, Benjamin J. AU - Neiman, Paul J. AU - Ralph, F. Martin AU - Barthold, Faye E. DO - 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00126.1 IS - 2 KW - Mesoscale processes,Extreme events,Flood events,Rainfall,Moisture/moisture budget,Mesoscale forecasting PY - 2012 SP - 358-378 ST - Physical processes associated with heavy flooding rainfall in Nashville, Tennessee, and vicinity during 1–2 May 2010: The role of an atmospheric river and mesoscale convective systems T2 - Monthly Weather Review TI - Physical processes associated with heavy flooding rainfall in Nashville, Tennessee, and vicinity during 1–2 May 2010: The role of an atmospheric river and mesoscale convective systems VL - 140 ID - 19750 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moore, Georgianne W. AU - Edgar, Christopher B. AU - Vogel, Jason G. AU - Washington-Allen, Robert A. AU - March, Rosaleen G AU - Zehnder, Rebekah DO - 10.1890/15-0330 IS - 2 KW - acute drought impact Central North America dead carbon pool forest structure Texas, USA tree death PY - 2016 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 602-611 ST - Tree mortality from an exceptional drought spanning mesic to semiarid ecoregions T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Tree mortality from an exceptional drought spanning mesic to semiarid ecoregions VL - 26 ID - 19786 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moore, Georgianne W. AU - Edgar, Christopher B. AU - Vogel, Jason G. AU - Washington-Allen, Robert A. AU - March, Rosaleen G AU - Zehnder, Rebekah DO - 10.1890/15-0330 IS - 2 KW - acute drought impact Central North America dead carbon pool forest structure Texas, USA tree death PY - 2016 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 602-611 ST - Tree mortality from an exceptional drought spanning mesic to semiarid ecoregions T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Tree mortality from an exceptional drought spanning mesic to semiarid ecoregions VL - 26 ID - 24358 ER - TY - WEB AU - Moore, Kirk PB - WorkBoat.com PY - 2016 ST - High River Water Creates Navigation Turmoil TI - High River Water Creates Navigation Turmoil UR - https://www.workboat.com/archive/high-river-water-creates-navigation-turmoil/ ID - 21316 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moore, Sue E. AU - Stabeno, Phyllis J. DA - 8// DO - 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.017 PY - 2015 SN - 0079-6611 SP - 1-11 ST - Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) in marine ecosystems of the Pacific Arctic T2 - Progress in Oceanography TI - Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) in marine ecosystems of the Pacific Arctic VL - 136 ID - 22255 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moore, Stephanie K. AU - Johnstone, James A. AU - Banas, Neil S. AU - Jr., Eric P. Salathé DO - 10.1016/j.hal.2015.06.008 PY - 2015 SP - 1-11 ST - Present-day and future climate pathways affecting Alexandrium blooms in Puget Sound, WA, USA T2 - Harmful Algae TI - Present-day and future climate pathways affecting Alexandrium blooms in Puget Sound, WA, USA VL - 48 ID - 17215 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moore, Stephanie K. AU - Trainer, Vera L. AU - Mantua, Nathan J. AU - Parker, Micaela S. AU - Laws, Ed A. AU - Backer, Lorraine C. AU - Fleming, Lora E. C6 - NCA C7 - S4 DO - 10.1186/1476-069X-7-S2-S4 IS - 2 PY - 2008 RN - http://www.ehjournal.net/content/pdf/1476-069X-7-S2-S4.pdf SP - S4 ST - Impacts of climate variability and future climate change on harmful algal blooms and human health T2 - Environmental Health TI - Impacts of climate variability and future climate change on harmful algal blooms and human health VL - 7 ID - 14583 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Managing stormwater under climate uncertainty is a concern in both built-out communities and those continuing to undergo land use change. In this study, a suite of climate change scenarios were developed to represent a probable range of change in the 10-year recurrence interval design storm. The Environmental Protection Agency's Stormwater Management Model was used to predict flooding due to undersized drainage components within watersheds representing a traditional, built-out urban area and a developing suburban area with intact green infrastructure corridors. Despite undersized infrastructure and flooding in both study watersheds, the risk of property damage in the suburban watershed was negligible across the range of scenarios even at projected build-out, due in part to flood storage capacity of the green infrastructure network. Adaptation approaches - including pipe upsizing, underground storage, and bioinfiltration - and costs were also modeled in both watersheds. In the built-out site, bioinfiltration practices were predicted to moderate both flooding and total adaptation costs even when implemented over a relatively modest (10 %) portion of the watershed; however, a substantial upgrade to gray stormwater infrastructure (pipes and storage chambers) was also needed to mitigate impacts. In the urbanizing community, maintaining an intact green infrastructure network was surmised to be the most cost-effective approach for enhancing the resilience of urban stormwater systems to climate uncertainties and urbanization. AU - Moore, T. L. AU - Gulliver, J. S. AU - Stack, L. AU - Simpson, M. H. DA - Oct DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1766-2 IS - 3-4 KW - Water Urban Climate change Adaptation Green infrastructure N1 - Moore, Trisha L. Gulliver, John S. Stack, Latham Simpson, Michael H. PY - 2016 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 491-504 ST - Stormwater management and climate change: Vulnerability and capacity for adaptation in urban and suburban contexts T2 - Climatic Change TI - Stormwater management and climate change: Vulnerability and capacity for adaptation in urban and suburban contexts VL - 138 ID - 22798 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Short-term impacts of high temperatures on the elderly are well known. Even though Italy has the highest proportion of elderly citizens in Europe, there is a lack of information on spatial heat-related elderly risks. Objectives Development of high-resolution, heat-related urban risk maps regarding the elderly population (≥65). Methods A long time-series (2001–2013) of remote sensing MODIS data, averaged over the summer period for eleven major Italian cities, were downscaled to obtain high spatial resolution (100 m) daytime and night-time land surface temperatures (LST). LST was estimated pixel-wise by applying two statistical model approaches: 1) the Linear Regression Model (LRM); 2) the Generalized Additive Model (GAM). Total and elderly population density data were extracted from the Joint Research Centre population grid (100 m) from the 2001 census (Eurostat source), and processed together using “Crichton’s Risk Triangle” hazard-risk methodology for obtaining a Heat-related Elderly Risk Index (HERI). Results The GAM procedure allowed for improved daytime and night-time LST estimations compared to the LRM approach. High-resolution maps of daytime and night-time HERI levels were developed for inland and coastal cities. Urban areas with the hazardous HERI level (very high risk) were not necessarily characterized by the highest temperatures. The hazardous HERI level was generally localized to encompass the city-centre in inland cities and the inner area in coastal cities. The two most dangerous HERI levels were greater in the coastal rather than inland cities. Conclusions This study shows the great potential of combining geospatial technologies and spatial demographic characteristics within a simple and flexible framework in order to provide high-resolution urban mapping of daytime and night-time HERI. In this way, potential areas for intervention are immediately identified with up-to-street level details. This information could support public health operators and facilitate coordination for heat-related emergencies. AU - Morabito, Marco AU - Crisci, Alfonso AU - Gioli, Beniamino AU - Gualtieri, Giovanni AU - Toscano, Piero AU - Di Stefano, Valentina AU - Orlandini, Simone AU - Gensini, Gian Franco DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0127277 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - e0127277 ST - Urban-hazard risk analysis: Mapping of heat-related risks in the elderly in major Italian cities T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Urban-hazard risk analysis: Mapping of heat-related risks in the elderly in major Italian cities VL - 10 ID - 25019 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Morales, Jimmy CY - West Palm Beach, FL DA - May 26 PB - South Flordia Water Management District PY - 2016 SP - 3-25 T2 - Forum on Indicators of Coastal Flooding and Flood Impacts TI - Miami Beach coastal flooding forum UR - ftp://ftp.sfwmd.gov/pub/jabarne/Coastal_Flooding_25May2016.pdf ID - 26331 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moran, Matthew D. AU - Taylor, Nathan T. AU - Mullins, Tabitha F. AU - Sardar, Sehrish S. AU - McClung, Maureen R. DO - 10.1002/fee.1492 IS - 5 PY - 2017 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 237-242 ST - Land-use and ecosystem services costs of unconventional US oil and gas development T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Land-use and ecosystem services costs of unconventional US oil and gas development VL - 15 ID - 23830 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moran, M. Susan AU - Ponce-Campos, Guillermo E. AU - Huete, Alfredo AU - McClaran, Mitchel P. AU - Zhang, Yongguang AU - Hamerlynck, Erik P. AU - Augustine, David J. AU - Gunter, Stacey A. AU - Kitchen, Stanley G. AU - Peters, Debra P. C. AU - Starks, Patrick J. AU - Hernandez, Mariano DO - 10.1890/13-1687.1 IS - 8 KW - climate change desert extreme events grassland production invasive species plains precipitation variability resilience warm drought PY - 2014 SN - 1939-9170 SP - 2121-2133 ST - Functional response of U.S. grasslands to the early 21st-century drought T2 - Ecology TI - Functional response of U.S. grasslands to the early 21st-century drought VL - 95 ID - 23421 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Moran, Tara AU - Cravens, Amanda CY - Stanford, CA PB - Stanford University Water in the West PY - 2015 SP - 30 ST - California’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act of 2014: Recommendations for Preventing and Resolving Groundwater Conflicts TI - California’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act of 2014: Recommendations for Preventing and Resolving Groundwater Conflicts UR - http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/SGMA_RecommendationsforGWConflicts_2.pdf ID - 25593 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Understanding the drivers of recent Zika, dengue, and chikungunya epidemics is a major public health priority. Temperature may play an important role because it affects virus transmission by mosquitoes, through its effects on mosquito development, survival, reproduction, and biting rates as well as the rate at which mosquitoes acquire and transmit viruses. Here, we measure the impact of temperature on transmission by two of the most common mosquito vector species for these viruses, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. We integrate data from several laboratory experiments into a mathematical model of temperature-dependent transmission, and find that transmission peaks at 26–29°C and can occur between 18–34°C. Statistically comparing model predictions with recent observed human cases of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika across the Americas suggests an important role for temperature, and supports model predictions. Using the model, we predict that most of the tropics and subtropics are suitable for transmission in many or all months of the year, but that temperate areas like most of the United States are only suitable for transmission for a few months during the summer (even if the mosquito vector is present). AU - Mordecai, Erin A. AU - Cohen, Jeremy M. AU - Evans, Michelle V. AU - Gudapati, Prithvi AU - Johnson, Leah R. AU - Lippi, Catherine A. AU - Miazgowicz, Kerri AU - Murdock, Courtney C. AU - Rohr, Jason R. AU - Ryan, Sadie J. AU - Savage, Van AU - Shocket, Marta S. AU - Stewart Ibarra, Anna AU - Thomas, Matthew B. AU - Weikel, Daniel P. DO - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005568 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SP - e0005568 ST - Detecting the impact of temperature on transmission of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya using mechanistic models T2 - PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases TI - Detecting the impact of temperature on transmission of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya using mechanistic models VL - 11 ID - 24107 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is the largest agricultural land-retirement program in the United States, providing many environmental benefits, including wildlife habitat and improved air, water, and soil quality. Since 2007, however, CRP area has declined by over 25% nationally with much of this land returning to agriculture. Despite this trend, it is unclear what types of CRP land are being converted, to what crops, and where. All of these specific factors greatly affect environmental impacts. To answer these questions, we quantified shifts in expiring CRP parcels to five major crop-types (corn, soy, winter and spring wheat, and sorghum) in a 12-state, Midwestern region of the United States using a US Department of Agriculture (USDA), field-level CRP database and USDA’s Cropland Data Layer. For the years 2010 through 2013, we estimate almost 30%, or more than 530 000 ha, of expiring CRP land returned to the production of these five crops in our study area, with soy and corn accounting for the vast majority of these shifts. Grasslands were the largest type of CRP land converted (360 000 ha), followed by specifically designated wildlife habitat (76 000 ha), and wetland areas (53 000 ha). These wetland areas were not just wetlands themselves, but also a mix of land covers enhancing or protecting wetland ecosystem services (e.g., wetland buffers). Areas in the Dakotas, Nebraska, and southern Iowa were hotspots of change, with the highest areas of CRP land moving back to agriculture. By contrast, we estimate only a small amount (∼3%) of the expiring land shifted into similar, non-CRP land-retirement or easement programs. Reconciling needs for food, feed, fuel, and healthy ecosystems is an immense challenge for farmers, conservationists, and state and federal agencies. Reduced enrollment and the turnover of CRP land from conservation to agriculture raises questions about sustaining ecosystem services in this region. AU - Morefield, Philip E. AU - LeDuc, Stephen D. AU - Clark, Christopher M. AU - Iovanna, Richard DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094005 IS - 9 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 094005 ST - Grasslands, wetlands, and agriculture: The fate of land expiring from the Conservation Reserve Program in the Midwestern United States T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Grasslands, wetlands, and agriculture: The fate of land expiring from the Conservation Reserve Program in the Midwestern United States VL - 11 ID - 26485 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Refugia have long been studied from paleontological and biogeographical perspectives to understand how populations persisted during past periods of unfavorable climate. Recently, researchers have applied the idea to contemporary landscapes to identify climate change refugia, here defined as areas relatively buffered from contemporary climate change over time that enable persistence of valued physical, ecological, and socio-cultural resources. We differentiate historical and contemporary views, and characterize physical and ecological processes that create and maintain climate change refugia. We then delineate how refugia can fit into existing decision support frameworks for climate adaptation and describe seven steps for managing them. Finally, we identify challenges and opportunities for operationalizing the concept of climate change refugia. Managing climate change refugia can be an important option for conservation in the face of ongoing climate change. AU - Morelli, Toni Lyn AU - Daly, Christopher AU - Dobrowski, Solomon Z. AU - Dulen, Deanna M. AU - Ebersole, Joseph L. AU - Jackson, Stephen T. AU - Lundquist, Jessica D. AU - Millar, Constance I. AU - Maher, Sean P. AU - Monahan, William B. AU - Nydick, Koren R. AU - Redmond, Kelly T. AU - Sawyer, Sarah C. AU - Stock, Sarah AU - Beissinger, Steven R. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0159909 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SP - e0159909 ST - Managing climate change refugia for climate adaptation T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Managing climate change refugia for climate adaptation VL - 11 ID - 23422 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Morello-Frosch, Rachel AU - Pastor, Manuel AU - Sadd, James AU - Shonkoff, Seth B. C6 - NCA PB - University of California, Berkeley, and USC Program for Environmental & Regional Equity PY - 2009 ST - The Climate Gap: Inequalities in How Climate Change Hurts Americans & How to Close the Gap TI - The Climate Gap: Inequalities in How Climate Change Hurts Americans & How to Close the Gap UR - http://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/242/docs/The_Climate_Gap_Full_Report_FINAL.pdf ID - 14585 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Racial or ethnic minority groups and low-income communities have poorer health outcomes than others. They are more frequently exposed to multiple environmental hazards and social stressors, including poverty, poor housing quality, and social inequality. Researchers are grappling with how best to characterize the cumulative effects of these hazards and stressors in order to help regulators and decision makers craft more-effective policies to address health and environmental disparities. In this article we synthesize the existing scientific evidence regarding the cumulative health implications of higher rates of exposure to environmental hazards, along with individual biological susceptibility and social vulnerability. We conclude that current environmental policy, which is focused narrowly on pollutants and their sources, should be broadened to take into account the cumulative impact of exposures and vulnerabilities encountered by people who live in neighborhoods consisting largely of racial or ethnic minorities or people of low socioeconomic status. AU - Morello-Frosch, Rachel AU - Zuk, Miriam AU - Jerrett, Michael AU - Shamasunder, Bhavna AU - Kyle, Amy D. DO - 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0153 IS - 5 KW - Environmental Health,Minority Health,Disparities PY - 2011 SP - 879-887 ST - Understanding the cumulative impacts of inequalities in environmental health: Implications for policy T2 - Health Affairs TI - Understanding the cumulative impacts of inequalities in environmental health: Implications for policy VL - 30 ID - 24638 ER - TY - JOUR AB - High Rise Village is a hunter-gatherer residential site containing at least 52 house features at a mean elevation of 3200 m in Wyoming's Wind River Range. Fifteen radiocarbon dates place site occupation(s) between 4500 and 150 cal BP. Though the 4500 cal BP dates likely result from an old wood problem, dates between 2800 and 150 BP appear more sound, particularly those between 1500 and 500 cal BP. Comparison with other high-altitude residential site radiocarbon dates shows a trend of earlier high-altitude residential occupations to the east of the Great Basin. This has important implications regarding Great Basin-Rocky Mountain culture histories, in particular by calling into question both the Numic Spread hypothesis and the relationship of the site to Rocky Mountain-High Plains hunter-gatherer residential patterns. More importantly, these data emphasize the roles medieval climate and regional population densities may have played in conditioning late Holocene high-altitude hunter-gatherer lifeways across western North America. AU - Morgan, Christopher AU - Losey, Ashley AU - Adams, Richard DO - 10.2190/NA.33.1.d IS - 1 PY - 2012 SP - 35-79 ST - High-altitude hunter-gatherer residential occupations in Wyoming's Wind River Range T2 - North American Archaeologist TI - High-altitude hunter-gatherer residential occupations in Wyoming's Wind River Range VL - 33 ID - 21617 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The elicitation of scientific and technical judgments from experts, in the form of subjective probability distributions, can be a valuable addition to other forms of evidence in support of public policy decision making. This paper explores when it is sensible to perform such elicitation and how that can best be done. A number of key issues are discussed, including topics on which there are, and are not, experts who have knowledge that provides a basis for making informed predictive judgments; the inadequacy of only using qualitative uncertainty language; the role of cognitive heuristics and of overconfidence; the choice of experts; the development, refinement, and iterative testing of elicitation protocols that are designed to help experts to consider systematically all relevant knowledge when they make their judgments; the treatment of uncertainty about model functional form; diversity of expert opinion; and when it does or does not make sense to combine judgments from different experts. Although it may be tempting to view expert elicitation as a low-cost, low-effort alternative to conducting serious research and analysis, it is neither. Rather, expert elicitation should build on and use the best available research and analysis and be undertaken only when, given those, the state of knowledge will remain insufficient to support timely informed assessment and decision making. AU - Morgan, M. Granger DA - May 20, 2014 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1319946111 IS - 20 PY - 2014 SP - 7176-7184 ST - Use (and abuse) of expert elicitation in support of decision making for public policy T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Use (and abuse) of expert elicitation in support of decision making for public policy VL - 111 ID - 21386 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Many books instruct readers on how to use the tools of policy analysis. This book is different. Its primary focus is on helping readers to look critically at the strengths, limitations, and the underlying assumptions analysts make when they use standard tools or problem framings. Using examples, many of which involve issues in science and technology, the book exposes readers to some of the critical issues of taste, professional responsibility, ethics, and values that are associated with policy analysis and research. Topics covered include policy problems formulated in terms of utility maximization such as benefit-cost, decision, and multi-attribute analysis, issues in the valuation of intangibles, uncertainty in policy analysis, selected topics in risk analysis and communication, limitations and alternatives to the paradigm of utility maximization, issues in behavioral decision theory, issues related to organizations and multiple agents, and selected topics in policy advice and policy analysis for government. AU - Morgan, M. Granger C4 - 295191eb-9732-47cd-90cc-9aa55d16b10d CY - Cambridge DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/9781316882665 DP - Cambridge University Press PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2017 SN - 9781107184893 SP - 590 ST - Theory and Practice in Policy Analysis: Including Applications in Science and Technology TI - Theory and Practice in Policy Analysis: Including Applications in Science and Technology ID - 25301 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change will affect the abundance and seasonality of West Nile virus (WNV) vectors, altering the risk of virus transmission to humans. Using downscaled general circulation model output, we calculate a WNV vector's response to climate change across the southern United States using process-based modeling. In the eastern United States, Culex quinquefasciatus response to projected climate change displays a latitudinal and elevational gradient. Projected summer population depressions as a result of increased immature mortality and habitat drying are most severe in the south and almost absent further north; extended spring and fall survival is ubiquitous. Much of California also exhibits a bimodal pattern. Projected onset of mosquito season is delayed in the southwestern United States because of extremely dry and hot spring and summers; however, increased temperature and late summer and fall rains extend the mosquito season. These results are unique in being a broad-scale calculation of the projected impacts of climate change on a WNV vector. The results show that, despite projected widespread future warming, the future seasonal response of C. quinquefasciatus populations across the southern United States will not be homogeneous, and will depend on specific combinations of local and regional conditions. AU - Morin, C. W. AU - Comrie, A. C. C6 - NIEHS DA - Sep DB - DO - 10.1073/pnas.1307135110 DP - CCII Web of Science IS - 39 KW - disease insect ecology culex-quinquefasciatus diptera united-states change scenarios malaria transmission mosquito abundance pipiens diptera aedes-aegypti culicidae temperature model LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Times Cited: 0 Morin, Cory W. Comrie, Andrew C. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments program via the Climate Assessment for the Southwest program at the University of Arizona This research was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments program via the Climate Assessment for the Southwest program at the University of Arizona. Natl acad sciences Washington PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved ://WOS:000324765100034 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 15620-15625 ST - Regional and seasonal response of a West Nile virus vector to climate change T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Regional and seasonal response of a West Nile virus vector to climate change VL - 110 ID - 4871 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Morin, Cory W. AU - Comrie, Andrew C. AU - Ernst, Kacey DO - 10.1289/ehp.1306556 PY - 2013 SP - 1264-1277 ST - Climate and dengue transmission: Evidence and implications T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Climate and dengue transmission: Evidence and implications VL - 121 ID - 24359 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Morini, Elena AU - Touchaei, Ali AU - Castellani, Beatrice AU - Rossi, Federico AU - Cotana, Franco DO - 10.3390/su8100999 IS - 10 PY - 2016 SN - 2071-1050 SP - 999 ST - The impact of albedo increase to mitigate the urban heat island in Terni (Italy) using the WRF model T2 - Sustainability TI - The impact of albedo increase to mitigate the urban heat island in Terni (Italy) using the WRF model VL - 8 ID - 24476 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moritz, C. AU - Patton, J.L. AU - Conroy, C.J. AU - Parra, J.L. AU - White, G.C. AU - Beissinger, S.R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1126/science.1163428 IS - 5899 PY - 2008 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 261-264 ST - Impact of a century of climate change on small-mammal communities in Yosemite National Park, USA T2 - Science TI - Impact of a century of climate change on small-mammal communities in Yosemite National Park, USA VL - 322 ID - 14595 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moritz, M.A. AU - Parisien, M.A. AU - Batllori, E. AU - Krawchuk, M.A. AU - Van Dorn, J. AU - Ganz, D.J. AU - Hayhoe, K. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1890/ES11-00345.1 IS - 6 PY - 2012 SN - 2150-8925 SP - 1-22 ST - Climate change and disruptions to global fire activity T2 - Ecosphere TI - Climate change and disruptions to global fire activity VL - 3 ID - 14596 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Due to recent outbreaks of native bark beetles, forest ecosystems have experienced substantial changes in landscape structure and function, which also affect nearby human populations. As a result, land managers have been tasked with sustaining ecosystem services in impacted areas by considering the best available science, public perceptions, and monitoring data to develop strategies to suppress bark beetle epidemics, and in some cases to restore affected lands and ecosystem services. The effects of bark beetle outbreaks are often detrimental to the provision of ecosystem services, including degraded landscape aesthetics and diminished air and water quality. However, there have been instances where bark beetle outbreaks have benefited communities by, for example, improving habitat for grazing animals and enhancing real‐estate values. As a consequence of the interaction of a warming climate and susceptible forest stand conditions, the frequency, severity, and extent of bark beetle outbreaks are expected to increase and therefore will continue to challenge many social–ecological systems. We synthesize experiences from recent outbreaks to encourage knowledge transfer from previously impacted communities to potentially vulnerable locations that may be at risk from future bark beetle epidemics. AU - Morris, Jesse L AU - Cottrell, Stuart AU - Fettig, Christopher J AU - DeRose, R Justin AU - Mattor, Katherine M AU - Carter, Vachel A AU - Clear, Jennifer AU - Clement, Jessica AU - Hansen, Winslow D AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A AU - Higuera, Philip E AU - Seddon, Alistair WR AU - Seppä, Heikki AU - Sherriff, Rosemary L AU - Stednick, John D AU - Seybold, Steven J DO - 10.1002/fee.1754 IS - S1 PY - 2018 SP - S34-S43 ST - Bark beetles as agents of change in social–ecological systems T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Bark beetles as agents of change in social–ecological systems VL - 16 ID - 25164 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Morris, Jesse L. AU - Cottrell, Stuart AU - Fettig, Christopher J. AU - Hansen, Winslow D. AU - Sherriff, Rosemary L. AU - Carter, Vachel A. AU - Clear, Jennifer L. AU - Clement, Jessica AU - DeRose, R. Justin AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. AU - Higuera, Philip E. AU - Mattor, Katherine M. AU - Seddon, Alistair W. R. AU - Seppä, Heikki T. AU - Stednick, John D. AU - Seybold, Steven J. DO - 10.1111/1365-2664.12782 IS - 3 KW - bark beetles conifer forests Dendroctonus ecosystem services forest disturbance horizon scanning Ips outbreaks resilience social–ecological systems PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2664 SP - 750-760 ST - Managing bark beetle impacts on ecosystems and society: Priority questions to motivate future research T2 - Journal of Applied Ecology TI - Managing bark beetle impacts on ecosystems and society: Priority questions to motivate future research VL - 54 ID - 21968 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Morris, James T. AU - Sundareshwar, P. V. AU - Nietch, Christopher T. AU - Kjerfve, Björn AU - Cahoon, D. R. DO - 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2869:ROCWTR]2.0.CO;2 IS - 10 KW - coastal wetlands optimal elevation, model salt marsh sea-level rise sediment accretion sedimentation Spartina PY - 2002 SN - 1939-9170 SP - 2869-2877 ST - Responses of coastal wetlands to rising sea level T2 - Ecology TI - Responses of coastal wetlands to rising sea level VL - 83 ID - 21731 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Morris, Katherine Ann AU - Deterding, Nicole M. DA - 2016/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.034 KW - Mental illness Post-traumatic stress Natural disaster Social support Egocentric social networks Mixed methods Network dispersion PY - 2016 SN - 0277-9536 SP - 56-65 ST - The emotional cost of distance: Geographic social network dispersion and post-traumatic stress among survivors of Hurricane Katrina T2 - Social Science & Medicine TI - The emotional cost of distance: Geographic social network dispersion and post-traumatic stress among survivors of Hurricane Katrina VL - 165 ID - 24015 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key indicator of agricultural productivity and overall soil health. Currently, dryland cropping systems of the inland Pacific Northwest (iPNW) span a large gradient in mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP). These climatic drivers are major determinants of surface soil organic matter dynamics and storage characteristics. Future climate change projections through 2070 indicate significant shifts in MAT and MAP for the iPNW. We assessed surface (0 to 10 cm) soil organic C and N as well as active and recalcitrant fractions of SOM within long-term experiments representing different tillage regimes and cropping intensities across the current climatic gradient of the iPNW. We discovered that current levels of soil C and N as well as various SOM fractions were positively correlated with MAP and negatively correlated with MAT. Furthermore, these climatic drivers were more influential than either tillage regime or cropping intensity in determining SOM levels and characteristics. Soil organic C and total N as well as the hydrolyzable and non-hydrolyzable fractions were negatively correlated with the current ratio of MAT to MAP, called the climate ratio. Future climate projections (2030 and 2070) forecast an increase of the climate ratio, thus predicting declines in surface SOM and associated soil health across the iPNW. AD - David R. Huggins,Northwest Sustainable Agroecosystems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (USDA),Pullman, WA, USA,dhuggins@wsu.edu AU - Morrow, Jason G. AU - Huggins, David R. AU - Reganold, John P. DA - 2017-March-21 DO - 10.3389/fevo.2017.00010 KW - Climate change impacts,Soil health,soil organic matter,cropping systems,agroecosystems LA - English M3 - Original Research PY - 2017 SN - 2296-701X SP - Article 10 ST - Climate change predicted to negatively influence surface soil organic matter of dryland cropping systems in the Inland Pacific Northwest, USA T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution TI - Climate change predicted to negatively influence surface soil organic matter of dryland cropping systems in the Inland Pacific Northwest, USA VL - 5 ID - 24732 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Despite hazard mitigation efforts and scientific and technological advances, extreme weather events continue to cause substantial losses. The impacts of extreme weather result from complex interactions among physical and human systems across spatial and temporal scales. This article synthesizes current interdisciplinary knowledge about extreme weather, including temperature extremes (heat and cold waves), precipitation extremes (including floods and droughts), and storms and severe weather (including tropical cyclones). We discuss hydrometeorological aspects of extreme weather; projections of changes in extremes with anthropogenic climate change; and how social vulnerability, coping, and adaptation shape the societal impacts of extreme weather. We find four critical gaps where work is needed to improve outcomes of extreme weather: (a) reducing vulnerability; (b) enhancing adaptive capacity, including decision-making flexibility; (c) improving the usability of scientific information in decision making, and (d) understanding and addressing local causes of harm through participatory, community-based efforts formulated within the larger policy context. AU - Morss, Rebecca E. AU - Wilhelmi, Olga V. AU - Meehl, Gerald A. AU - Dilling, Lisa DO - 10.1146/annurev-environ-060809-100145 IS - 1 KW - vulnerability,adaptive capacity,adaptation,disasters,natural hazards,uncertainty PY - 2011 SP - 1-25 ST - Improving societal outcomes of extreme weather in a changing climate: An integrated perspective T2 - Annual Review of Environment and Resources TI - Improving societal outcomes of extreme weather in a changing climate: An integrated perspective VL - 36 ID - 26313 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Native to Brazil,Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, of the family Anacardiaceae, has been commonly cultivated in Florida for over 50 years as a dooryard ornamental. Use of its sprays of showy red fruits for Christmas decoration gave rise to the popular misnomer “Florida holly.” Too late it was found to become a large, spreading tree; aggressive seedlings began springing up near and far. Jungles ofSchinus have crowded out native vegetation over vast areas of Florida and the Bahamas, as in all the islands of Hawaii. When in bloom, the tree is a major source of respiratory difficulty and dermatitis; the fruits, in quantity, intoxicate birds and cause fatal trauma in four-footed animals. The abundant nectar yields a spicy commercial honey and beekeepers are opposed to eradication programs. AU - Morton, Julia F. DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/bf02907927 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 1978 SN - 1874-9364 SP - 353-359 ST - Brazilian pepper—Its impact on people, animals and the environment T2 - Economic Botany TI - Brazilian pepper—Its impact on people, animals and the environment VL - 32 ID - 24360 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Some of the most important impacts of global climate change will be felt among the populations, predominantly in developing countries, referred to as “subsistence” or “smallholder” farmers. Their vulnerability to climate change comes both from being predominantly located in the tropics, and from various socioeconomic, demographic, and policy trends limiting their capacity to adapt to change. However, these impacts will be difficult to model or predict because of (i) the lack of standardised definitions of these sorts of farming system, and therefore of standard data above the national level, (ii) intrinsic characteristics of these systems, particularly their complexity, their location-specificity, and their integration of agricultural and nonagricultural livelihood strategies, and (iii) their vulnerability to a range of climate-related and other stressors. Some recent work relevant to these farming systems is reviewed, a conceptual framework for understanding the diverse forms of impacts in an integrated manner is proposed, and future research needs are identified. AU - Morton, John F. DO - 10.1073/pnas.0701855104 IS - 50 PY - 2007 SP - 19680-19685 ST - The impact of climate change on smallholder and subsistence agriculture T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - The impact of climate change on smallholder and subsistence agriculture VL - 104 ID - 25018 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Morton, Lois Wright AU - Gent, David AU - Gleason, Mark CY - Ames, IA NV - Sociology Technical Report 1045 PB - Iowa State University, Department of Sociology PY - 2017 SP - 24 ST - Climate, Weather and Hops TI - Climate, Weather and Hops UR - https://www.climatehubs.oce.usda.gov/sites/default/files/Climate%2C%20Weather%20and%20Hops.pdf ID - 24779 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Morton, Lois Wright AU - Mahaffee, Walt AU - Gleason, Mark CY - Ames, IA NV - Sociology Technical Report 1043 PB - Iowa State University, Department of Sociology PY - 2017 SP - 18 ST - Climate, Weather and Wine Grapes TI - Climate, Weather and Wine Grapes UR - https://www.climatehubs.oce.usda.gov/sites/default/files/Climate%2C%20Weather%20and%20Wine%20Grapes.pdf ID - 24778 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Morton, R. A. AU - Sallenger Jr, A. H. DB - USGS Publications Warehouse IS - 3 PY - 2003 SP - 560-573 ST - Morphological impacts of extreme storms on sandy beaches and barriers T2 - Journal of Coastal Research TI - Morphological impacts of extreme storms on sandy beaches and barriers UR - http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70025481 VL - 19 ID - 21729 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moseman-Valtierra, Serena AU - Abdul-Aziz, Omar I. AU - Tang, Jianwu AU - Ishtiaq, Khandker S. AU - Morkeski, Kate AU - Mora, Jordan AU - Quinn, Ryan K. AU - Martin, Rose M. AU - Egan, Katharine AU - Brannon, Elizabeth Q. AU - Carey, Joanna AU - Kroeger, Kevin D. C7 - e01560 DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1560 IS - 11 KW - biological invasion blue carbon emissions global climate changes Juncus gerardii methane nitrous oxide sea-level rise Spartina alterniflora PY - 2016 SN - 2150-8925 SP - e01560 ST - Carbon dioxide fluxes reflect plant zonation and belowground biomass in a coastal marsh T2 - Ecosphere TI - Carbon dioxide fluxes reflect plant zonation and belowground biomass in a coastal marsh VL - 7 ID - 21728 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Moser, Hans AU - Hawkes, Peter J. AU - Arntsen, Øivind A. AU - Gaufres, Pierre AU - Mai, F. Stephan AU - Pauli, Gernot AU - White, Kathleen D. CY - Brussels, Belgium PB - PIANC Secretariat, EnviCom—Task Group 3 PY - 2008 SP - 58 ST - Waterborne Transport, Ports and Waterways: A Review of Climate Change Drivers, Impacts, Responses and Mitigation TI - Waterborne Transport, Ports and Waterways: A Review of Climate Change Drivers, Impacts, Responses and Mitigation UR - http://www.pianc.org/downloads/envicom/envicom-free-tg3.pdf ID - 24575 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moser, S.C. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-012-0398-4 IS - 2 PY - 2012 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 165-175 ST - Adaptation, mitigation, and their disharmonious discontents: An essay T2 - Climatic Change TI - Adaptation, mitigation, and their disharmonious discontents: An essay VL - 111 ID - 14603 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Moser, Susanne C. AU - Coffee, Joyce AU - Seville, Aleka CY - Troy, MI PB - Kresge Foundation PY - 2017 SP - 105 ST - Rising to the Challenge, Together: A Review and Critical Assessment of the State of the US Climate Adaptation Field TI - Rising to the Challenge, Together: A Review and Critical Assessment of the State of the US Climate Adaptation Field UR - https://kresge.org/content/rising-challenge-together ID - 25646 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Richmond, T.C. A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Moser, Susanne C. AU - Davidson, Margaret A. AU - Kirshen, Paul AU - Mulvaney, Peter AU - Murley, James F. AU - Neumann, James E. AU - Petes, Laura AU - Reed, Denise C4 - b57bb0ca-4113-48b2-afd4-3f8fc5071034 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0MS3QNW PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 RN - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/regions/coasts SP - 579-618 ST - Ch. 25: Coastal zone development and ecosystems T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 25: Coastal zone development and ecosystems ID - 8669 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moser, S.C. AU - Ekstrom, J.A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1073/pnas.1007887107 IS - 51 PY - 2010 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 22026-22031 ST - A framework to diagnose barriers to climate change adaptation T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - A framework to diagnose barriers to climate change adaptation VL - 107 ID - 14606 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Moser, Susanne C. AU - Ekstrom, Julia A. AU - Kim, Julia AU - Heitsch, Samantha PB - California Natural Resources Agency PY - 2018 SN - CNRA-CCC4A-2018-007 SP - various ST - Adaptation Finance Challenges: Characteristic Patterns Facing California Local Governments and Ways to Overcome Them. A Report for: California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment TI - Adaptation Finance Challenges: Characteristic Patterns Facing California Local Governments and Ways to Overcome Them. A Report for: California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment UR - http://www.climateassessment.ca.gov/techreports/docs/20180831-Governance_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-007.pdf ID - 26480 ER - TY - JOUR AB - “Societal teleconnections” – analogous to physical teleconnections such as El Niño – are human-created linkages that link activities, trends, and disruptions across large distances, such that locations spatially separated from the locus of an event can experience a variety of impacts from it nevertheless. In the climate change context, such societal teleconnections add a layer of risk that is currently neither fully appreciated in most impacts or vulnerability assessments nor in on-the-ground adaptation planning. Conceptually, societal teleconnections arise from the interactions among actors, and the institutions that guide their actions, affecting the movement of various substances through different structures and processes. Empirically, they arise out of societal interactions, including globalization, to create, amplify, and sometimes attenuate climate change vulnerabilities and impacts in regions far from those where a climatic extreme or change occurs. This paper introduces a simple but systematic way to conceptualize societal teleconnections and then highlights and explores eight unique but interrelated types of societal teleconnections with selected examples: (1) trade and economic exchange, (2) insurance and reinsurance, (3) energy systems, (4) food systems; (5) human health, (6) population migration, (7) communication, and (8) strategic alliances and military interactions. The paper encourages further research to better understand the causal chains behind socially teleconnected impacts, and to identify ways to routinely integrate their consideration in impacts/vulnerability assessment and adaptation planning to limit the risk of costly impacts. AU - Moser, Susanne C. AU - Hart, Juliette A. Finzi DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-015-1328-z IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 13-26 ST - The long arm of climate change: Societal teleconnections and the future of climate change impacts studies T2 - Climatic Change TI - The long arm of climate change: Societal teleconnections and the future of climate change impacts studies VL - 129 ID - 24014 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Third US National Climate Assessment (NCA3) was produced by experts in response to the US Global Change Research Act of 1990. Based on lessons learned from previous domestic and international assessments, the NCA3 was designed to speak to a broad public and inform the concerns of policy- and decision-makers at different scales. The NCA3 was also intended to be the first step in an ongoing assessment process that would build the nation’s capacity to respond to climate change. This concluding paper draws larger lessons from the insights gained throughout the assessment process that are of significance to future US and international assessment designers. We bring attention to process and products delivered, communication and engagement efforts, and how they contributed to the sustained assessment. Based on areas where expectations were exceeded or not fully met, we address four common tensions that all assessment designers must confront and manage: between (1) core assessment ingredients (knowledge base, institutional set-up, principled process, and the people involved), (2) national scope and subnational adaptive management information needs, (3) scope, complexity, and manageability, and (4) deliberate evaluation and ongoing learning approaches. Managing these tensions, amidst the social and political contexts in which assessments are conducted, is critical to ensure that assessments are feasible and productive, while its outcomes are perceived as credible, salient, and legitimate. AU - Moser, Susanne C. AU - Melillo, Jerry M. AU - Jacobs, Katharine L. AU - Moss, Richard H. AU - Buizer, James L. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-015-1530-z IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 187-201 ST - Aspirations and common tensions: Larger lessons from the third US national climate assessment T2 - Climatic Change TI - Aspirations and common tensions: Larger lessons from the third US national climate assessment VL - 135 ID - 24475 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Moss, Richard AU - Scarlett, P. Lynn AU - Kenney, Melissa A. AU - Kunreuther, Howard AU - Lempert, Robert AU - Manning, Jay AU - Williams, B. Ken AU - Boyd, James W. AU - Cloyd, Emily T. AU - Kaatz, Laurna AU - Patton, Lindene C4 - f6aeaaff-d3aa-4ae3-b6be-2123774a2076 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0H12ZXG PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 SP - 620-647 ST - Ch. 26: Decision support: Connecting science, risk perception, and decisions T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 26: Decision support: Connecting science, risk perception, and decisions UR - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/response-strategies/decision-support ID - 8670 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moss, R.H. AU - Edmonds, J.A. AU - Hibbard, K.A. AU - Manning, M.R. AU - Rose, S.K. AU - van Vuuren, D.P. AU - Carter, T.R. AU - Emori, S. AU - Kainuma, M. AU - Kram, T. AU - Meehl, G.A. AU - Mitchell, J.F.B. AU - Nakicenovic, N. AU - Riahi, K. AU - Smith, S.J. AU - Stouffer, R.J. AU - Thomson, A.M. AU - Weyant, J.P. AU - Wilbanks, T.J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/nature08823 PY - 2010 SP - 747-756 ST - The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment T2 - Nature TI - The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment VL - 463 ID - 14614 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Moss, Richard H. AU - Fisher-Vanden, Karen AU - Delgado, Alison AU - Backhaus, Scott AU - Barrett, Christopher L. AU - Bhaduri, Budhendra AU - Kraucunas, Ian P. AU - Reed, Patrick M. AU - Rice, Jennie S. AU - Wing, Ian Sue AU - Tebaldi, Claudia CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 ST - Understanding Dynamics and Resilience in Complex Interdependent Systems: Prospects for a Multi-Model Framework and Community of Practice TI - Understanding Dynamics and Resilience in Complex Interdependent Systems: Prospects for a Multi-Model Framework and Community of Practice UR - http://www.globalchange.gov/sites/globalchange/files/Multi-Model_Framework_WorkshopReport_Dec_2016_Final.pdf ID - 21420 ER - TY - RPRT A4 - Institute, Battelle Memorial AU - Moss, Richard H. AU - Mearns, .Linda O. AU - Brandenberger, Jill AU - Delgado, Alison AU - Malone, Elizabeth L. AU - Rice, Jennie AU - Wang, Taiping AU - Yang, Zhaoqing AU - Bukovsky, Melissa AU - McCrary, Rachel AU - McGinnis, Seth AU - Blohm, Andrew AU - Broomell, Stephen AU - Henriques, Justin J. CY - Alexandria, VA NV - SERDP Project RC-2206 PB - Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) PY - 2016 ST - Understanding Data Needs for Vulnerability Assessment and Decision Making to Manage Vulnerability of Department of Defense Installations to Climate Change TI - Understanding Data Needs for Vulnerability Assessment and Decision Making to Manage Vulnerability of Department of Defense Installations to Climate Change UR - http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=AD1025344 ID - 22109 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Richmond, T.C. A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Mote, Philip AU - Snover, Amy K. AU - Capalbo, Susan AU - Eigenbrode, Sanford D. AU - Glick, Patty AU - Littell, Jeremy AU - Raymondi, Richard AU - Reeder, Spencer C4 - db43ca86-0204-4ebf-84c4-6a2dbc2a6e73 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J04Q7RWX PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 RN - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/regions/northwest SP - 487-513 ST - Ch. 21: Northwest T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 21: Northwest ID - 8665 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mote, P.W. AU - Hamlet, A.F. AU - Clark, M.P. AU - Lettenmaier, D.P. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/BAMS-86-1-39 IS - 1 PY - 2005 SP - 39-49 ST - Declining mountain snowpack in western North America T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Declining mountain snowpack in western North America VL - 86 ID - 14621 ER - TY - WEB AU - Mote, Philip W. AU - Hatfield, Samantha Chisholm CY - Reston, VA PB - U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center PY - 2013 ST - Assessing the cultural effects of climate change on northwest tribes. Project summary [web site] TI - Assessing the cultural effects of climate change on northwest tribes. Project summary [web site] UR - https://bit.ly/2NpvLEt ID - 24984 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mountain snowpack stores a significant quantity of water in the western US, accumulating during the wet season and melting during the dry summers and supplying much of the water used for irrigated agriculture, and municipal and industrial uses. Updating our earlier work published in 2005, we find that with 14 additional years of data, over 90% of snow monitoring sites with long records across the western US now show declines, of which 33% are significant (vs. 5% expected by chance) and 2% are significant and positive (vs. 5% expected by chance). Declining trends are observed across all months, states, and climates, but are largest in spring, in the Pacific states, and in locations with mild winter climate. We corroborate and extend these observations using a gridded hydrology model, which also allows a robust estimate of total western snowpack and its decline. We find a large increase in the fraction of locations that posted decreasing trends, and averaged across the western US, the decline in average April 1 snow water equivalent since mid-century is roughly 15–30% or 25–50 km3, comparable in volume to the West’s largest man-made reservoir, Lake Mead. AU - Mote, Philip W. AU - Li, Sihan AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis P. AU - Xiao, Mu AU - Engel, Ruth DA - 2018/03/02 DO - 10.1038/s41612-018-0012-1 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - 2397-3722 SP - 2 ST - Dramatic declines in snowpack in the western US T2 - npj Climate and Atmospheric Science TI - Dramatic declines in snowpack in the western US VL - 1 ID - 25165 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mote, Philip W. AU - Rupp, David E. AU - Li, Sihan AU - Sharp, Darrin J. AU - Otto, Friederike AU - Uhe, Peter F. AU - Xiao, Mu AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis P. AU - Cullen, Heidi AU - Allen, Myles R. DO - 10.1002/2016GL069965 IS - 20 KW - snow drought weather@home drought attribution superensemble regional climate model 0736 Snow 1630 Impacts of global change 1637 Regional climate change 1812 Drought 1863 Snow and ice PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 10,980-10,988 ST - Perspectives on the causes of exceptionally low 2015 snowpack in the western United States T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Perspectives on the causes of exceptionally low 2015 snowpack in the western United States VL - 43 ID - 20930 ER - TY - WEB AU - MRLC CY - Sioux Falls, SD PB - Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium PY - [2017] ST - National Land Cover Database 2011 (NLCD 2011) TI - National Land Cover Database 2011 (NLCD 2011) UR - https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd2011.php ID - 23631 ER - TY - WEB AU - MSU CY - East Lansing, MI M1 - March 28 PB - Michigan State University (MSU) PY - 2018 ST - Solar Carport Initiative [web site] TI - Solar Carport Initiative [web site] UR - http://ipf.msu.edu/green/practices/solar-carport-initiative.html ID - 26599 ER - TY - RPRT AU - MTA CY - New York, NY KW - added by ERG PB - Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) PY - 2017 SP - 33 ST - MTA Climate Adaptation Task Force Resiliency Report TI - MTA Climate Adaptation Task Force Resiliency Report UR - http://web.mta.info/sustainability/pdf/ResiliencyReport.pdf ID - 23066 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mu, Jianhong E. AU - Sleeter, Benjamin M. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Antle, John M. DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2033-x IS - 2 PY - 2017 SP - 329-345 ST - Climate impacts on agricultural land use in the United States: The role of socio-economic scenarios T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate impacts on agricultural land use in the United States: The role of socio-economic scenarios VL - 144 ID - 22621 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Mucken, Alyssa AU - Bateman, Brenda CY - Salem, OR PB - Oregon Water Resources Department PY - 2017 SP - 186 ST - Oregon’s 2017 Integrated Water Resources Strategy TI - Oregon’s 2017 Integrated Water Resources Strategy UR - https://www.oregon.gov/owrd/wrdpublications1/2017_IWRS_Final.pdf ID - 26517 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global warming increases the occurrence probability of hot extremes, and improving the predictability of such events is thus becoming of critical importance. Hot extremes have been shown to be induced by surface moisture deficits in some regions. In this study, we assess whether such a relationship holds at the global scale. We find that wide areas of the world display a strong relationship between the number of hot days in the regions’ hottest month and preceding precipitation deficits. The occurrence probability of an above-average number of hot days is over 70% after precipitation deficits in most parts of South America as well as the Iberian Peninsula and Eastern Australia, and over 60% in most of North America and Eastern Europe, while it is below 30–40% after wet conditions in these regions. Using quantile regression analyses, we show that the impact of precipitation deficits on the number of hot days is asymmetric, i.e. extreme high numbers of hot days are most strongly influenced. This relationship also applies to the 2011 extreme event in Texas. These findings suggest that effects of soil moisture-temperature coupling are geographically more widespread than commonly assumed. AU - Mueller, B. AU - Seneviratne, S.I. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1073/pnas.1204330109 IS - 31 KW - hot day prediction; soil moisture–temperature coupling; standardized precipitation index; temperature extremes; PY - 2012 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 12398-12403 ST - Hot days induced by precipitation deficits at the global scale T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Hot days induced by precipitation deficits at the global scale VL - 109 ID - 14631 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mueller, K. E. AU - Blumenthal, D. M. AU - Pendall, E. AU - Carrillo, Y. AU - Dijkstra, F. A. AU - Williams, D. G. AU - Follett, R. F. AU - Morgan, J. A. DO - 10.1111/ele.12634 IS - 8 KW - Artemisia frigida Bouteloua gracilis C3 grass C4 grass climate change forb nitrogen plant productivity root biomass soil moisture PY - 2016 SN - 1461-0248 SP - 956-966 ST - Impacts of warming and elevated CO2 on a semi-arid grassland are non-additive, shift with precipitation, and reverse over time T2 - Ecology Letters TI - Impacts of warming and elevated CO2 on a semi-arid grassland are non-additive, shift with precipitation, and reverse over time VL - 19 ID - 21596 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Muench, Steve AU - Van Dam, Tom CY - Washington, DC NV - FHWA-HIF-15-015 PB - Federal Highway Administration PY - 2015 SP - 12 ST - TechBrief: Climate Change Adaptation For Pavements TI - TechBrief: Climate Change Adaptation For Pavements UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pub_details.cfm?id=959 ID - 24590 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mueter, F. J. AU - Bond, N. A. AU - Ianelli, J. N. AU - Hollowed, A. B. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsr022 IS - 6 PY - 2011 SN - 1054-3139, 1095-9289 SP - 1284-1296 ST - Expected declines in recruitment of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea under future climate change T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Expected declines in recruitment of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea under future climate change VL - 68 ID - 14633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mueter, F.J. AU - Litzow, M.A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1890/07-0564.1 IS - 2 PY - 2008 SN - 1051-0761 SP - 309-320 ST - Sea ice retreat alters the biogeography of the Bering Sea continental shelf T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Sea ice retreat alters the biogeography of the Bering Sea continental shelf VL - 18 ID - 14634 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Muhlfeld, Clint C. AU - Kovach, Ryan P. AU - Jones, Leslie A. AU - Al-Chokhachy, Robert AU - Boyer, Matthew C. AU - Leary, Robb F. AU - Lowe, Winsor H. AU - Luikart, Gordon AU - Allendorf, Fred W. DA - 05/25/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2252 PY - 2014 SP - 620-624 ST - Invasive hybridization in a threatened species is accelerated by climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Invasive hybridization in a threatened species is accelerated by climate change VL - 4 ID - 25938 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Estuaries are productive and ecologically important ecosystems, incorporating environmental drivers from watersheds, rivers, and the coastal ocean. Climate change has potential to modify the physical properties of estuaries, with impacts on resident organisms. However, projections from general circulation models (GCMs) are generally too coarse to resolve important estuarine processes. Here, we statistically downscaled near-surface air temperature and precipitation projections to the scale of the Chesapeake Bay watershed and estuary. These variables were linked to Susquehanna River streamflow using a water balance model and finally to spatially resolved Chesapeake Bay surface temperature and salinity using statistical model trees. The low computational cost of this approach allowed rapid assessment of projected changes from four GCMs spanning a range of potential futures under a high CO2 emission scenario, for four different downscaling methods. Choice of GCM contributed strongly to the spread in projections, but choice of downscaling method was also influential in the warmest models. Models projected a ~2–5.5 °C increase in surface water temperatures in the Chesapeake Bay by the end of the century. Projections of salinity were more uncertain and spatially complex. Models showing increases in winter-spring streamflow generated freshening in the Upper Bay and tributaries, while models with decreased streamflow produced salinity increases. Changes to the Chesapeake Bay environment have implications for fish and invertebrate habitats, as well as migration, spawning phenology, recruitment, and occurrence of pathogens. Our results underline a potentially expanded role of statistical downscaling to complement dynamical approaches in assessing climate change impacts in dynamically challenging estuaries. AU - Muhling, Barbara A. AU - Gaitán, Carlos F. AU - Stock, Charles A. AU - Saba, Vincent S. AU - Tommasi, Desiree AU - Dixon, Keith W. DA - July 05 DO - 10.1007/s12237-017-0280-8 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1559-2731 ST - Potential salinity and temperature futures for the Chesapeake Bay using a statistical downscaling spatial disaggregation framework T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - Potential salinity and temperature futures for the Chesapeake Bay using a statistical downscaling spatial disaggregation framework ID - 21727 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Müller, Christoph AU - Elliott, Joshua AU - Chryssanthacopoulos, James AU - Arneth, Almut AU - Balkovic, Juraj AU - Ciais, Phillipe AU - Deryng, Delphine AU - Folberth, Christian AU - Glotter, Michael AU - Hoek, Steven AU - Iizumi, Toshichika AU - Izaurralde, Roberto C. AU - Jones, Curtis AU - Khabarov, Nikolay AU - Lawrence, Peter AU - Liu, Wenfeng AU - Olin, Stefan AU - Pugh, Thomas A. M. AU - Ray, Deepak K. AU - Reddy, Ashwan AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Ruane, Alex C. AU - Sakurai, Gen AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Skalsky, Rastislav AU - Song, Carol X. AU - Wang, Xuhui AU - de Wit, Allard AU - Yang, Hong DO - 10.5194/gmd-10-1403-2017 IS - 4 N1 - GMD PY - 2017 SN - 1991-9603 SP - 1403-1422 ST - Global gridded crop model evaluation: Benchmarking, skills, deficiencies and implications T2 - Geoscientific Model Development TI - Global gridded crop model evaluation: Benchmarking, skills, deficiencies and implications VL - 10 ID - 24474 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Mulroy, Pat C4 - 16d967de-35eb-4142-a32c-1169f8d6d7a5 CY - Washington, DC PB - The Brookings Institution PY - 2017 SN - 978-0815727842 0815727844 SP - 208 ST - Water Problem: Climate Change and Water Policy in the United States TI - Water Problem: Climate Change and Water Policy in the United States ID - 25402 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Multihazard Mitigation Council CY - Washington, DC PB - National Institute of Building Sciences PY - 2017 SP - 340 ST - Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves: 2017 Interim Report—An Independent Study TI - Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves: 2017 Interim Report—An Independent Study UR - http://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/MS2_2017Interim%20Report.pdf ID - 25481 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mangrove forests are one of the world's most threatened tropical ecosystems with global loss exceeding 35% (ref. 1). Juvenile coral reef fish often inhabit mangroves, but the importance of these nurseries to reef fish population dynamics has not been quantified. Indeed, mangroves might be expected to have negligible influence on reef fish communities: juvenile fish can inhabit alternative habitats and fish populations may be regulated by other limiting factors such as larval supply or fishing. Here we show that mangroves are unexpectedly important, serving as an intermediate nursery habitat that may increase the survivorship of young fish. Mangroves in the Caribbean strongly influence the community structure of fish on neighbouring coral reefs. In addition, the biomass of several commercially important species is more than doubled when adult habitat is connected to mangroves. The largest herbivorous fish in the Atlantic, Scarus guacamaia, has a functional dependency on mangroves and has suffered local extinction after mangrove removal. Current rates of mangrove deforestation are likely to have severe deleterious consequences for the ecosystem function, fisheries productivity and resilience of reefs. Conservation efforts should protect connected corridors of mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs. AU - Mumby, Peter J. AU - Edwards, Alasdair J. AU - Arias-González, J. Ernesto AU - Lindeman, Kenyon C. AU - Blackwell, Paul G. AU - Gall, Angela AU - Gorczynska, Malgosia I. AU - Harborne, Alastair R. AU - Pescod, Claire L. AU - Renken, Henk AU - Wabnitz, Colette C. C. AU - Llewellyn, Ghislane DA - 2004/02/05/ DO - 10.1038/nature02286 DP - PubMed IS - 6974 KW - Environment Animals Mexico Angiosperms Population Density Anthozoa Belize Biomass Caribbean Region Fishes Trees LA - eng PY - 2004 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 533-536 ST - Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean T2 - Nature TI - Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean VL - 427 ID - 22482 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change can drive major shifts in community composition and interactions between resident species. However, the magnitude of these changes depends on the type of interactions and the biome in which they take place. We review the existing conceptual framework for how climate change will influence tropical plant-herbivore interactions and formalize a similar framework for the temperate zone. We then conduct the first biome-specific tests of how plant-herbivore interactions change in response to climate-driven changes in temperature, precipitation, ambient CO2, and ozone. We used quantitative meta-analysis to compare predicted and observed changes in experimental studies. Empirical studies were heavily biased toward temperate systems, so testing predicted changes in tropical plant-herbivore interactions was virtually impossible. Furthermore, most studies investigated the effects of CO2 with limited plant and herbivore species. Irrespective of location, most studies manipulated only one climate change factor despite the fact that different factors can act in synergy to alter responses of plants and herbivores. Finally, studies of belowground plant-herbivore interactions were also rare; those conducted suggest that climate change could have major effects on belowground subsystems. Our results suggest that there is a disconnection between the growing literature proposing how climate change will influence plant-herbivore interactions and the studies testing these predictions. General conclusions will also be hampered without better integration of above- and belowground systems, assessing the effects of multiple climate change factors simultaneously, and using greater diversity of species in experiments. AU - Mundim, Fabiane M. AU - Bruna, Emilio M. DO - 10.1086/687530 IS - S1 KW - climate change,plant-herbivore interactions,tropical,temperate,aboveground,belowground PY - 2016 SP - S74-S89 ST - Is there a temperate bias in our understanding of how climate change will alter plant-herbivore interactions? A meta-analysis of experimental studies T2 - The American Naturalist TI - Is there a temperate bias in our understanding of how climate change will alter plant-herbivore interactions? A meta-analysis of experimental studies VL - 188 ID - 23423 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mundy, P. R. AU - Evenson, D. F. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsr080 IS - 6 KW - native PY - 2011 SN - 1054-3139, 1095-9289 SP - 1155-1164 ST - Environmental controls of phenology of high-latitude Chinook salmon populations of the Yukon River, North America, with application to fishery management T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Environmental controls of phenology of high-latitude Chinook salmon populations of the Yukon River, North America, with application to fishery management VL - 68 ID - 14639 ER - TY - WEB AU - Munich RE CY - Munich, Germany DA - March 27, 2017 PY - 2017 ST - Overview of Natural Catastrophe Figures for 2016 [web site] TI - Overview of Natural Catastrophe Figures for 2016 [web site] UR - https://www.munichre.com/topics-online/en/climate-change-and-natural-disasters/natural-disasters/overview-natural-catastrophe-2016.html ID - 26435 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Munkvold, G. P. AU - Yang, X. B. DO - 10.1094/PD-79-0095 IS - 1 LA - English PY - 1995 SN - 0191-2917 SP - 95-101 ST - Crop damage and epidemics associated with 1993 floods in Iowa T2 - Plant Disease TI - Crop damage and epidemics associated with 1993 floods in Iowa VL - 79 ID - 21179 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Given knowledge at the time, the recent 2015-2016 zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic probably could not have been predicted. Without the prior knowledge of ZIKV being already present in South America, and given the lack of understanding of key epidemiologic processes and long-term records of ZIKV cases in the continent, the best related prediction could be carried out for the potential risk of a generic Aedes-borne disease epidemic. Here we use a recently published two-vector basic reproduction number model to assess the predictability of the conditions conducive to epidemics of diseases like zika, chikungunya or dengue, transmitted by the independent or concurrent presence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. We compare the potential risk of transmission forcing the model with the observed climate and with state-of-the-art operational forecasts from the North American Multi Model Ensemble (NMME), finding that the predictive skill of this new seasonal forecast system is highest for multiple countries in Latin America and the Caribbean during the December-February and March-May seasons, and slightly lower –but still of potential use to decision-makers– for the rest of the year. In particular, we find that above-normal suitable conditions for the occurrence of the zika epidemic at the beginning of 2015 could have been successfully predicted at least one month in advance for several zika hotspots, and in particular for Northeast Brazil: the heart of the epidemic. Nonetheless, the initiation and spread of an epidemic depends on the effect of multiple factors beyond climate conditions, and thus this type of approach must be considered as a guide and not as a formal predictive tool of vector-borne epidemics. AU - Muñoz, Ángel G. AU - Thomson, Madeleine C. AU - Stewart-Ibarra, Anna M. AU - Vecchi, Gabriel A. AU - Chourio, Xandre AU - Nájera, Patricia AU - Moran, Zelda AU - Yang, Xiaosong DA - 2017-July-12 DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01291 IS - 1291 KW - Zika,Aedes-borne diseases,predictability,climate,basic reproduction number model,Dengue,Chikungunya LA - English M3 - Original Research PY - 2017 SN - 1664-302X ST - Could the recent Zika epidemic have been predicted? T2 - Frontiers in Microbiology TI - Could the recent Zika epidemic have been predicted? VL - 8 ID - 22060 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Munro, Alice AU - Kovats, R. Sari AU - Rubin, G. James AU - Waite, Thomas David AU - Bone, Angie AU - Armstrong, Ben DA - 2017/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30047-5 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SN - 2542-5196 SP - e134-e141 ST - Effect of evacuation and displacement on the association between flooding and mental health outcomes: A cross-sectional analysis of UK survey data T2 - The Lancet Planetary Health TI - Effect of evacuation and displacement on the association between flooding and mental health outcomes: A cross-sectional analysis of UK survey data VL - 1 ID - 25337 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Munson, Seth M. AU - Webb, Robert H. AU - Belnap, Jayne AU - Hubbard, J.A. AU - Swann, Don E. AU - Rutman, Sue C6 - NCA DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02598.x IS - 3 KW - arid; drought; long-term change; plant cover; southwestern United States PY - 2012 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1083-1095 ST - Forecasting climate change impacts to plant community composition in the Sonoran Desert region T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Forecasting climate change impacts to plant community composition in the Sonoran Desert region VL - 18 ID - 14640 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Summary 1 Tropospheric ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are significant drivers of plant growth and chemical composition. We hypothesized that exposure to elevated concentrations of O3 and CO2, singly and in combination, would modify the chemical composition of Trifolium and thus alter its digestibility and nutritive quality for ruminant herbivores. 2 We tested our hypothesis by collecting samples of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) and White Clover (Trifolium repens) from the understoreys of Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides)–Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) communities that had been exposed since 1998 to ambient air, elevated CO2, elevated O3 or elevated CO2 + O3 at the Aspen Free-Air CO2 and O3 Enrichment (FACE) site located near Rhinelander, WI, USA. Foliage samples were analysed for (1) concentrations of N, total cell wall constituents, lignin and soluble phenolics; and (2) in vitro dry-matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro cell-wall digestibility (IVCWD) using batch cultures of ruminal micro-organisms. 3 Significant air-treatment effects were observed for lignin concentration, IVDMD and IVCWD, and between Red and White Clover for all dependent variables. No air treatment × clover species interactions were detected. 4 Exposure to elevated O3 resulted in increased concentration of lignin and decreased IVDMD and IVCWD compared with exposure to ambient air, and the response was similar regardless of whether plants had been coexposed to elevated CO2. Exposure to elevated CO2 alone did not affect chemical composition or in vitro digestibility, nor did it ameliorate the negative effect of elevated O3 on these determinants of nutritive quality for ruminant herbivores. 5 In contrast to recent reports of a protective effect of elevated CO2 against growth reduction in plants under O3 stress, our results indicate that elevated CO2 would not be expected to ameliorate the negative impact of elevated O3 on nutritive quality of Trifolium under projected future global climate scenarios. AU - Muntifering, R. B. AU - Chappelka, A. H. AU - Lin, J. C. AU - Karnosky, D. F. AU - Somers, G. L. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01093.x IS - 2 PY - 2006 SP - 269-275 ST - Chemical composition and digestibility of Trifolium exposed to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide in a free-air (FACE) fumigation system T2 - Functional Ecology TI - Chemical composition and digestibility of Trifolium exposed to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide in a free-air (FACE) fumigation system VL - 20 ID - 25974 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Projections of the potential impacts of global warming on regional tropical cyclone activity are challenging owing to multiple sources of uncertainty in model physical schemes and different assumptions for future sea surface temperatures. A key factor in projecting climate change is to derive robust signals of future changes in tropical cyclone activity across different model physical schemes and different future patterns in sea surface temperature. A suite of future warming experiments (2075–2099), using a state-of-the-art high-resolution global climate model, robustly predicts an increase in tropical cyclone frequency of occurrence around the Hawaiian Islands. A physically based empirical model analysis reveals that the substantial increase in the likelihood of tropical cyclone frequency is primarily associated with a northwestward shifting of the tropical cyclone track in the open ocean southeast of the islands. Moreover, significant and robust changes in large-scale environmental conditions strengthen in situ tropical cyclone activity in the subtropical central Pacific. These results highlight possible future increases in storm-related socio-economic and ecosystem damage for the Hawaiian Islands. AU - Murakami, Hiroyuki AU - Wang, Bin AU - Li, Tim AU - Kitoh, Akio DA - 2013/08// DO - 10.1038/nclimate1890 DP - www.nature.com IS - 8 KW - Climate sciences LA - en PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X SP - 749-754 ST - Projected increase in tropical cyclones near Hawaii T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Projected increase in tropical cyclones near Hawaii VL - 3 Y2 - 2016/06/23/00:54:33 ID - 22483 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Murcia, Carolina AU - Aronson, James AU - Kattan, Gustavo H. AU - Moreno-Mateos, David AU - Dixon, Kingsley AU - Simberloff, Daniel DA - 2014/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.tree.2014.07.006 IS - 10 KW - ecological restoration novel ecosystems ecological thresholds global change PY - 2014 SN - 0169-5347 SP - 548-553 ST - A critique of the "novel ecosystem" concept T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution TI - A critique of the "novel ecosystem" concept VL - 29 ID - 23424 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Murdock, Meagan AU - Brenner, Jorge CY - Arlington, VA PB - The Nature Conservancy PY - 2016 SP - 38 ST - Texas Coastal Bend Regional Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment TI - Texas Coastal Bend Regional Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment UR - http://www.cbbep.org/manager/wp-content/uploads/CBBEP_VA_TNCFinal_31Mar16.pdf ID - 23282 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Murphy, Lindsay IS - 1 PY - 2003 SP - 173-187 ST - Death of a monster: Laws may finally kill Gila River adjudication T2 - American Indian Law Review TI - Death of a monster: Laws may finally kill Gila River adjudication UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/20171718 VL - 28 ID - 23833 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Murray, Brian C. AU - Maniloff, Peter T. DA - 2015/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.eneco.2015.07.013 KW - Climate policy Cap-and-trade Policy design PY - 2015 SN - 0140-9883 SP - 581-589 ST - Why have greenhouse emissions in RGGI states declined? An econometric attribution to economic, energy market, and policy factors T2 - Energy Economics TI - Why have greenhouse emissions in RGGI states declined? An econometric attribution to economic, energy market, and policy factors VL - 51 ID - 24473 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Murray-Tuite, Pamela AU - Wolshon, Brian DA - 2013/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.trc.2012.11.005 KW - Evacuation planning Disaster Hurricane No-notice Demand Infrastructure use Management strategies PY - 2013 SN - 0968-090X SP - 25-45 ST - Evacuation transportation modeling: An overview of research, development, and practice T2 - Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies TI - Evacuation transportation modeling: An overview of research, development, and practice VL - 27 ID - 24556 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Musselman, Keith N. AU - Clark, Martyn P. AU - Liu, Changhai AU - Ikeda, Kyoko AU - Rasmussen, Roy DA - 02/27/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3225 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 214-219 ST - Slower snowmelt in a warmer world T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Slower snowmelt in a warmer world VL - 7 ID - 26348 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Muth, Meredith AU - Anderson, Kerry AU - Brown, David AU - Brown, Tim AU - Delgado, Ed AU - Garfin, Gregg AU - Hadwen, Trevor AU - Murphy, Victor AU - Ramírez, Reynaldo Pascual AU - Pugh, Brad AU - Gutiérrez, Jesús Héctor Robles AU - Heim, Richard AU - Rippey, Brad AU - Svoboda, Mark DO - 10.1175/bams-d-16-0296.1 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SP - ES57-ES60 ST - Advancing preparedness and response to drought and wildfires through North American Transboundary Collaboration T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Advancing preparedness and response to drought and wildfires through North American Transboundary Collaboration VL - 98 ID - 23216 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Great progress has been made in addressing global undernutrition over the past several decades, in part because of large increases in food production from agricultural expansion and intensification. Food systems, however, face continued increases in demand and growing environmental pressures. Most prominently, human-caused climate change will influence the quality and quantity of food we produce and our ability to distribute it equitably. Our capacity to ensure food security and nutritional adequacy in the face of rapidly changing biophysical conditions will be a major determinant of the next century's global burden of disease. In this article, we review the main pathways by which climate change may affect our food production systems—agriculture, fisheries, and livestock—as well as the socioeconomic forces that may influence equitable distribution. AU - Myers, Samuel S. AU - Smith, Matthew R. AU - Guth, Sarah AU - Golden, Christopher D. AU - Vaitla, Bapu AU - Mueller, Nathaniel D. AU - Dangour, Alan D. AU - Huybers, Peter DO - 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044356 IS - 1 KW - planetary health,global health,climate change,food security,malnutrition,global environmental change PY - 2017 SP - 259-277 ST - Climate change and global food systems: Potential impacts on food security and undernutrition T2 - Annual Review of Public Health TI - Climate change and global food systems: Potential impacts on food security and undernutrition VL - 38 ID - 23236 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Myers, Samuel S. AU - Wessells, K. Ryan AU - Kloog, Itai AU - Zanobetti, Antonella AU - Schwartz, Joel DO - 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00093-5 IS - 10 PY - 2015 SN - 2214-109X SP - e639-e645 ST - Effect of increased concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide on the global threat of zinc deficiency: A modelling study T2 - The Lancet Global Health TI - Effect of increased concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide on the global threat of zinc deficiency: A modelling study VL - 3 Y2 - 2018/01/09 ID - 24106 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Myers, Samuel S. AU - Zanobetti, Antonella AU - Kloog, Itai AU - Huybers, Peter AU - Leakey, Andrew D. B. AU - Bloom, Arnold J. AU - Carlisle, Eli AU - Dietterich, Lee H. AU - Fitzgerald, Glenn AU - Hasegawa, Toshihiro AU - Holbrook, N. Michele AU - Nelson, Randall L. AU - Ottman, Michael J. AU - Raboy, Victor AU - Sakai, Hidemitsu AU - Sartor, Karla A. AU - Schwartz, Joel AU - Seneweera, Saman AU - Tausz, Michael AU - Usui, Yasuhiro DO - 10.1038/nature13179 IS - 7503 N1 - Ch6 PY - 2014 SN - 0028-0836 1476-4687 SP - 139-142 ST - Increasing CO2 threatens human nutrition T2 - Nature TI - Increasing CO2 threatens human nutrition VL - 510 ID - 16207 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent research using repeat photography, long-term ecological monitoring and dendrochronology has documented shrub expansion in arctic, high-latitude and alpine tundra ecosystems. Here, we (1) synthesize these findings, (2) present a conceptual framework that identifies mechanisms and constraints on shrub increase, (3) explore causes, feedbacks and implications of the increased shrub cover in tundra ecosystems, and (4) address potential lines of investigation for future research. Satellite observations from around the circumpolar Arctic, showing increased productivity, measured as changes in ‘greenness’, have coincided with a general rise in high-latitude air temperatures and have been partly attributed to increases in shrub cover. Studies indicate that warming temperatures, changes in snow cover, altered disturbance regimes as a result of permafrost thaw, tundra fires, and anthropogenic activities or changes in herbivory intensity are all contributing to observed changes in shrub abundance. A large-scale increase in shrub cover will change the structure of tundra ecosystems and alter energy fluxes, regional climate, soil–atmosphere exchange of water, carbon and nutrients, and ecological interactions between species. In order to project future rates of shrub expansion and understand the feedbacks to ecosystem and climate processes, future research should investigate the species or trait-specific responses of shrubs to climate change including: (1) the temperature sensitivity of shrub growth, (2) factors controlling the recruitment of new individuals, and (3) the relative influence of the positive and negative feedbacks involved in shrub expansion. AU - Myers-Smith, Isla H. AU - Forbes, Bruce C. AU - Wilmking, Martin AU - Hallinger, Martin AU - Lantz, Trevor AU - Blok, Daan AU - Tape, Ken D. AU - Macias-Fauria, Marc AU - Sass-Klaassen, Ute AU - Lévesque, Esther AU - Boudreau, Stéphane AU - Ropars, Pascale AU - Hermanutz, Luise AU - Trant, Andrew AU - Collier, Laura Siegwart AU - Weijers, Stef AU - Rozema, Jelte AU - Rayback, Shelly A. AU - Schmidt, Niels Martin AU - Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela AU - Wipf, Sonja AU - Rixen, Christian AU - Ménard, Cécile B. AU - Venn, Susanna AU - Goetz, Scott AU - Andreu-Hayles, Laia AU - Elmendorf, Sarah AU - Ravolainen, Virve AU - Welker, Jeffrey AU - Grogan, Paul AU - Epstein, Howard E. AU - Hik, David S. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045509 IS - 4 PY - 2011 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 045509 ST - Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: Dynamics, impacts and research priorities T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: Dynamics, impacts and research priorities VL - 6 ID - 20560 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Myhre, G. AU - Shindell, D. AU - Bréon, F.-M. AU - Collins, W. AU - Fuglestvedt, J. AU - Huang, J. AU - Koch, D. AU - Lamarque, J.-F. AU - Lee, D. AU - Mendoza, B. AU - Nakajima, T. AU - Robock, A. AU - Stephens, G. AU - Takemura, T. AU - Zhang, H. C4 - 6c7c285c-8606-41fe-bf93-100d80f1d17a CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 SE - 8 SN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 659–740 ST - Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ ID - 16467 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Myint, Soe Win AU - Zheng, Baojuan AU - Talen, Emily AU - Fan, Chao AU - Kaplan, Shai AU - Middel, Ariane AU - Smith, Martin AU - Huang, Huei-ping AU - Brazel, Anthony DA - 2015/06/01 DO - 10.1890/EHS14-0028.1 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SN - 2096-4129 SP - 1-15 ST - Does the spatial arrangement of urban landscape matter? Examples of urban warming and cooling in Phoenix and Las Vegas T2 - Ecosystem Health and Sustainability TI - Does the spatial arrangement of urban landscape matter? Examples of urban warming and cooling in Phoenix and Las Vegas VL - 1 ID - 26374 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NACUBO CY - Washington, DC and Boston, MA PB - National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO) and Second Nature PY - 2012 SP - 15 ST - Higher Education: Leading the Nation to a Safe and Secure Energy Future TI - Higher Education: Leading the Nation to a Safe and Secure Energy Future UR - https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/BusinessPolicyAreas/Leading-the-Nation-White-Paper.ashx?la=en&hash=8E0383B79CF70F3A1C8D2F472ED383EC7CC1D9C2 ID - 25226 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forest managers in the United States must respond to the need for climate-adaptive strategies in the face of observed and projected climatic changes. However, there is a lack of on-the-ground forest adaptation research to indicate what adaptation measures or tactics might be effective in preparing forest ecosystems to deal with climate change. Natural resource managers in many areas are also challenged by scant locally or regionally relevant information on climate projections and potential impacts. The Adaptive Silviculture for Climate Change (ASCC) project was designed to respond to these barriers to operationalizing climate adaptation strategies by providing a multiregion network of replicated operational-scale research sites testing ecosystem-specific climate change adaptation treatments across a gradient of adaptive approaches, and introducing conceptual tools and processes to integrate climate change considerations into management and silvicultural decisionmaking. Here we present the framework of the ASCC project, highlight the implementation process at two of the study sites, and discuss the contributions of this collaborative science-management partnership.

Management and Policy Implications The shortage of scientifically robust, replicated, operational-scale research on forest adaptation to climate change has left forest and natural resource managers with little information on and few examples of on-the-ground adaptation approaches that could work for their forest ecosystems. The Adaptive Silviculture for Climate Change (ASCC) project is establishing a national network of long-term silvicultural research sites across multiple regions and a diversity of forest types to test a range of adaptation approaches and to provide managers with the tangible demonstrations needed to inform climate-adaptive decisionmaking in their forest management. Furthermore, the ASCC project provides managers and scientists with training on integrating climate change considerations into planning processes and identifying locally appropriate adaptation approaches and tactics. The main goals of the ASCC project ultimately serve to advance understanding within the forest management community of how management can foster adaptive responses to the impacts of uncertain climate futures. The science-management partnerships built through this project help inform the relevance of the research, as well as advance communication on climate change adaptation at a national scale. AU - Nagel, Linda M. AU - Palik, Brian J. AU - Battaglia, Michael A. AU - D'Amato, Anthony W. AU - Guldin, James M. AU - Swanston, Christopher W. AU - Janowiak, Maria K. AU - Powers, Matthew P. AU - Joyce, Linda A. AU - Millar, Constance I. AU - Peterson, David L. AU - Ganio, Lisa M. AU - Kirschbaum, Chad AU - Roske, Molly R. DA - // DO - 10.5849/jof.16-039 IS - 3 KW - adaptation adaptive management climate change partnerships silviculture PY - 2017 SP - 167-178 ST - Adaptive silviculture for climate change: A national experiment in manager-scientist partnerships to apply an adaptation framework T2 - Journal of Forestry TI - Adaptive silviculture for climate change: A national experiment in manager-scientist partnerships to apply an adaptation framework VL - 115 ID - 21967 ER - TY - JOUR AB - People are not only concerned about climate change and its effects on plant and animal diversity but also about how humans are fundamentally changing the globe’s largest ecosystem that sustains economic revenue and food for many countries. We show that many species communities and ocean habitats will change from their current states. Ocean acidification and warming increase the potential for an overall simplification of ecosystem structure and function with reduced energy flow among trophic levels and little scope for species to acclimate. The future simplification of our oceans has profound consequences for our current way of life, particularly for coastal populations and those that rely on oceans for food and trade.Rising anthropogenic CO2 emissions are anticipated to drive change to ocean ecosystems, but a conceptualization of biological change derived from quantitative analyses is lacking. Derived from multiple ecosystems and latitudes, our metaanalysis of 632 published experiments quantified the direction and magnitude of ecological change resulting from ocean acidification and warming to conceptualize broadly based change. Primary production by temperate noncalcifying plankton increases with elevated temperature and CO2, whereas tropical plankton decreases productivity because of acidification. Temperature increases consumption by and metabolic rates of herbivores, but this response does not translate into greater secondary production, which instead decreases with acidification in calcifying and noncalcifying species. This effect creates a mismatch with carnivores whose metabolic and foraging costs increase with temperature. Species diversity and abundances of tropical as well as temperate species decline with acidification, with shifts favoring novel community compositions dominated by noncalcifiers and microorganisms. Both warming and acidification instigate reduced calcification in tropical and temperate reef-building species. Acidification leads to a decline in dimethylsulfide production by ocean plankton, which as a climate gas, contributes to cloud formation and maintenance of the Earth’s heat budget. Analysis of responses in short- and long-term experiments and of studies at natural CO2 vents reveals little evidence of acclimation to acidification or temperature changes, except for microbes. This conceptualization of change across whole communities and their trophic linkages forecast a reduction in diversity and abundances of various key species that underpin current functioning of marine ecosystems. AU - Nagelkerken, Ivan AU - Connell, Sean D. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1510856112 IS - 43 PY - 2015 SP - 13272-13277 ST - Global alteration of ocean ecosystem functioning due to increasing human CO2 emissions T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Global alteration of ocean ecosystem functioning due to increasing human CO2 emissions VL - 112 ID - 25512 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nahlik, Matthew J. AU - Chester, Mikhail V. DA - 2014/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.05.004 KW - Transit-oriented development Life-cycle assessment Transportation and land-use planning Los Angeles Greenhouse gas emissions Energy and air quality PY - 2014 SN - 0967-070X SP - 21-30 ST - Transit-oriented smart growth can reduce life-cycle environmental impacts and household costs in Los Angeles T2 - Transport Policy TI - Transit-oriented smart growth can reduce life-cycle environmental impacts and household costs in Los Angeles VL - 35 ID - 26032 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Najafi, Mohammad Reza AU - Moradkhani, Hamid DA - 2015/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.03.045 KW - Climate change Extreme events Bayesian hierarchical Bayesian model averaging Multi-modeling PY - 2015 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 352-361 ST - Multi-model ensemble analysis of runoff extremes for climate change impact assessments T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Multi-model ensemble analysis of runoff extremes for climate change impact assessments VL - 525 ID - 26495 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Nakashima, D.J. AU - Galloway McLean, K. AU - Thulstrup, H.D. AU - Ramos Castillo, A. AU - Rubis, J.T. PB - UNESCO, Paris and UNU, Darwin PY - 2012 SP - 120 ST - Weathering Uncertainty: Traditional Knowledge for Climate Change Assessment and Adaptation TI - Weathering Uncertainty: Traditional Knowledge for Climate Change Assessment and Adaptation UR - http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002166/216613E.pdf ID - 19124 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa A2 - Swart, Rob AU - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa AU - Alcamo, Joseph AU - Davis, Gerald AU - Vries, Bert de AU - Fenhann, Joergen AU - Gaffin, Stuart AU - Gregory, Kenneth AU - Grübler, Arnulf AU - Jung, Tae Yong AU - Kram, Tom AU - Rovere, Emilio Lebre La AU - Michaelis, Laurie AU - Mori, Shunsuke AU - Morita, Tsuneyuki AU - Pepper, William AU - Pitcher, Hugh AU - Price, Lynn AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - Roehrl, Alexander AU - Rogner, Hans-Holger AU - Sankovski, Alexei AU - Schlesinger, Michael AU - Shukla, Priyadarshi AU - Smith, Steven AU - Swart, Robert AU - Rooijen, Sascha van AU - Victor, Nadejda AU - Dadi, Zhou PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2000 SP - 599 ST - IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios TI - IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios UR - http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/emission/index.php?idp=0 ID - 17238 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Nania, Julie AU - Cozzetto, Karen AU - Gillet, Nicole AU - Duren, Sabre AU - Tapp, Anne Mariah AU - Eitner, Michael AU - Baldwin, Beth CY - Boulder, CO PB - University of Colorado Law School PY - 2014 SP - 204 ST - Considerations for Climate Change and Variability Adaptation on the Navajo Nation TI - Considerations for Climate Change and Variability Adaptation on the Navajo Nation UR - http://wwa.colorado.edu/publications/reports/navajo_report4_9.pdf ID - 24985 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Nania, Julie AU - Guarino, Julia CY - Boulder, CO PB - Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Resources, Energy, and the Environment PY - 2014 SP - 105 ST - Restoring Sacred Waters: A Guide to Protecting Tribal Non-Consumptive Water Uses in the Colorado River Basin TI - Restoring Sacred Waters: A Guide to Protecting Tribal Non-Consumptive Water Uses in the Colorado River Basin UR - https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/books_reports_studies/1/ ID - 26003 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is great interest in the restoration and conservation of coastal habitats for protection from flooding and erosion. This is evidenced by the growing number of analyses and reviews of the effectiveness of habitats as natural defences and increasing funding world-wide for nature-based defences–i.e. restoration projects aimed at coastal protection; yet, there is no synthetic information on what kinds of projects are effective and cost effective for this purpose. This paper addresses two issues critical for designing restoration projects for coastal protection: (i) a synthesis of the costs and benefits of projects designed for coastal protection (nature-based defences) and (ii) analyses of the effectiveness of coastal habitats (natural defences) in reducing wave heights and the biophysical parameters that influence this effectiveness. We (i) analyse data from sixty-nine field measurements in coastal habitats globally and examine measures of effectiveness of mangroves, salt-marshes, coral reefs and seagrass/kelp beds for wave height reduction; (ii) synthesise the costs and coastal protection benefits of fifty-two nature-based defence projects and; (iii) estimate the benefits of each restoration project by combining information on restoration costs with data from nearby field measurements. The analyses of field measurements show that coastal habitats have significant potential for reducing wave heights that varies by habitat and site. In general, coral reefs and salt-marshes have the highest overall potential. Habitat effectiveness is influenced by: a) the ratios of wave height-to-water depth and habitat width-to-wavelength in coral reefs; and b) the ratio of vegetation height-to-water depth in salt-marshes. The comparison of costs of nature-based defence projects and engineering structures show that salt-marshes and mangroves can be two to five times cheaper than a submerged breakwater for wave heights up to half a metre and, within their limits, become more cost effective at greater depths. Nature-based defence projects also report benefits ranging from reductions in storm damage to reductions in coastal structure costs. AU - Narayan, Siddharth AU - Beck, Michael W. AU - Reguero, Borja G. AU - Losada, Iñigo J. AU - van Wesenbeeck, Bregje AU - Pontee, Nigel AU - Sanchirico, James N. AU - Ingram, Jane Carter AU - Lange, Glenn-Marie AU - Burks-Copes, Kelly A. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0154735 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SP - e0154735 ST - The effectiveness, costs and coastal protection benefits of natural and nature-based defences T2 - PLOS ONE TI - The effectiveness, costs and coastal protection benefits of natural and nature-based defences VL - 11 ID - 26459 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Narayan, Siddharth AU - Beck, Michael W. AU - Wilson, Paul AU - Thomas, Christopher AU - Guerrero, Alexandra AU - Shepard, Christine AU - Reguero, Borja G. AU - Franco, Guillermo AU - Ingram, Jane Carter AU - Trespalacios, Dania CY - London PB - Lloyd’s Tercentenary Research Foundation PY - 2016 SP - 23 ST - Coastal Wetlands and Flood Damage Reduction: Using Risk Industry-based Models to Assess Natural Defenses in the Northeastern USA TI - Coastal Wetlands and Flood Damage Reduction: Using Risk Industry-based Models to Assess Natural Defenses in the Northeastern USA UR - http://nature.org/CoastalWetlandsandFloodDamageReductionReport10.7291/V93X84KH ID - 24013 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As exposure to coastal hazards increases there is growing interest in nature-based solutions for risk reduction. This study uses high-resolution flood and loss models to quantify the impacts of coastal wetlands in the northeastern USA on (i) regional flood damages by Hurricane Sandy and (ii) local annual flood losses in Barnegat Bay in Ocean County, New Jersey. Using an extensive database of property exposure, the regional study shows that wetlands avoided $625 Million in direct flood damages during Hurricane Sandy. The local study combines these models with a database of synthetic storms in Ocean County and estimates a 16% average reduction in annual flood losses by salt marshes with higher reductions at lower elevations. Together, the studies quantify the risk reduction ecosystem services of marsh wetlands. Measuring these benefits in collaboration with the risk modelling industry is crucial for assessing risk accurately and, where appropriate, aligning conservation and risk reduction goals. AU - Narayan, Siddharth AU - Beck, Michael W. AU - Wilson, Paul AU - Thomas, Christopher J. AU - Guerrero, Alexandra AU - Shepard, Christine C. AU - Reguero, Borja G. AU - Franco, Guillermo AU - Ingram, Jane Carter AU - Trespalacios, Dania DA - 2017/08/31 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-09269-z IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 9463 ST - The value of coastal wetlands for flood damage reduction in the northeastern USA T2 - Scientific Reports TI - The value of coastal wetlands for flood damage reduction in the northeastern USA VL - 7 ID - 23221 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Narváez, Diego A. AU - Munroe, Daphne M. AU - Hofmann, Eileen E. AU - Klinck, John M. AU - Powell, Eric N. AU - Mann, Roger AU - Curchitser, Enrique DA - 2015/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.08.007 KW - Atlantic surfclam model Population dynamics Middle Atlantic Bight Ocean warming ROMS PY - 2015 SN - 0924-7963 SP - 136-148 ST - Long-term dynamics in Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima) populations: The role of bottom water temperature T2 - Journal of Marine Systems TI - Long-term dynamics in Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima) populations: The role of bottom water temperature VL - 141 ID - 26214 ER - TY - BOOK AB - The signals are everywhere that our planet is experiencing significant climate change. It is clear that we need to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from our atmosphere if we want to avoid greatly increased risk of damage from climate change. Aggressively pursuing a program of emissions abatement or mitigation will show results over a timescale of many decades. How do we actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make a bigger difference more quickly? As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses CDR, the carbon dioxide removal of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere and sequestration of it in perpetuity. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration introduces possible CDR approaches and then discusses them in depth. Land management practices, such as low-till agriculture, reforestation and afforestation, ocean iron fertilization, and land-and-ocean-based accelerated weathering, could amplify the rates of processes that are already occurring as part of the natural carbon cycle. Other CDR approaches, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air capture and sequestration, and traditional carbon capture and sequestration, seek to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and dispose of it by pumping it underground at high pressure. This book looks at the pros and cons of these options and estimates possible rates of removal and total amounts that might be removed via these methods. With whatever portfolio of technologies the transition is achieved, eliminating the carbon dioxide emissions from the global energy and transportation systems will pose an enormous technical, economic, and social challenge that will likely take decades of concerted effort to achieve. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration will help to better understand the potential cost and performance of CDR strategies to inform debate and decision making as we work to stabilize and reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. AU - NAS C4 - 8be49587-cc1b-4f03-b518-582045aa5cb9 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/18805 KW - Earth Sciences LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2015 SN - 978-0-309-30529-7 SP - 154 ST - Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration TI - Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration ID - 20055 ER - TY - BOOK AB - The growing problem of changing environmental conditions caused by climate destabilization is well recognized as one of the defining issues of our time. The root problem is greenhouse gas emissions, and the fundamental solution is curbing those emissions. Climate geoengineering has often been considered to be a "last-ditch" response to climate change, to be used only if climate change damage should produce extreme hardship. Although the likelihood of eventually needing to resort to these efforts grows with every year of inaction on emissions control, there is a lack of information on these ways of potentially intervening in the climate system. As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses albedo modification - changing the fraction of incoming solar radiation that reaches the surface. This approach would deliberately modify the energy budget of Earth to produce a cooling designed to compensate for some of the effects of warming associated with greenhouse gas increases. The prospect of large-scale albedo modification raises political and governance issues at national and global levels, as well as ethical concerns. Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth discusses some of the social, political, and legal issues surrounding these proposed techniques. It is far easier to modify Earth's albedo than to determine whether it should be done or what the consequences might be of such an action. One serious concern is that such an action could be unilaterally undertaken by a small nation or smaller entity for its own benefit without international sanction and regardless of international consequences. Transparency in discussing this subject is critical. In the spirit of that transparency, Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth was based on peer-reviewed literature and the judgments of the authoring committee; no new research was done as part of this study and all data and information used are from entirely open sources. By helping to bring light to this topic area, this book will help leaders to be far more knowledgeable about the consequences of albedo modification approaches before they face a decision whether or not to use them. AU - NAS C4 - ea6bc7ed-4e09-44fa-b631-8ff70fc86f62 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/18988 KW - Earth Sciences LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2015 SN - 978-0-309-31482-4 SP - 260 ST - Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth TI - Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth ID - 20056 ER - TY - BOOK AB - As climate has warmed over recent years, a new pattern of more frequent and more intense weather events has unfolded across the globe. Climate models simulate such changes in extreme events, and some of the reasons for the changes are well understood. Warming increases the likelihood of extremely hot days and nights, favors increased atmospheric moisture that may result in more frequent heavy rainfall and snowfall, and leads to evaporation that can exacerbate droughts. Even with evidence of these broad trends, scientists cautioned in the past that individual weather events couldn't be attributed to climate change. Now, with advances in understanding the climate science behind extreme events and the science of extreme event attribution, such blanket statements may not be accurate. The relatively young science of extreme event attribution seeks to tease out the influence of human-cause climate change from other factors, such as natural sources of variability like El Ni&ntilde;o, as contributors to individual extreme events. Event attribution can answer questions about how much climate change influenced the probability or intensity of a specific type of weather event. As event attribution capabilities improve, they could help inform choices about assessing and managing risk, and in guiding climate adaptation strategies. This report examines the current state of science of extreme weather attribution, and identifies ways to move the science forward to improve attribution capabilities. AU - NAS C4 - 2180df56-f5ec-49e5-9733-d61778bf49d1 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/21852 KW - Earth Sciences Environment and Environmental Studies LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-309-38094-2 SP - 186 ST - Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change TI - Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change ID - 19570 ER - TY - WEB AU - NASA M1 - 12 February 2018 PB - NASA Scientific Visualization Studio PY - 2016 ST - Weekly Animation of Arctic Sea Ice Age with Graph of Ice Age by Area: 1984-2016 TI - Weekly Animation of Arctic Sea Ice Age with Graph of Ice Age by Area: 1984-2016 UR - https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4510 ID - 26763 ER - TY - WEB AU - NASA CY - Pasadena, CA PB - NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory PY - 2017 ST - Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. Carbon Dioxide [web page] TI - Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. Carbon Dioxide [web page] UR - https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/ ID - 25017 ER - TY - PRESS AU - NASA CY - Washington, DC DA - January 18 N1 - Release 17-006 PB - NASA PY - 2017 ST - NASA, NOAA Data Show 2016 Warmest Year on Record Globally TI - NASA, NOAA Data Show 2016 Warmest Year on Record Globally UR - https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-noaa-data-show-2016-warmest-year-on-record-globally/ ID - 26140 ER - TY - WEB AU - NASDAQ CY - New York, NY PY - 2018 ST - NASDAQ Stock Exchange TI - NASDAQ Stock Exchange UR - https://www.nasdaq.com ID - 26730 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nasri, Arefeh AU - Zhang, Lei DA - 2014/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.12.009 KW - Transit-oriented development (TOD) Travel behavior Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) Multilevel modeling Transit use Transit accessibility PY - 2014 SN - 0967-070X SP - 172-179 ST - The analysis of transit-oriented development (TOD) in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas T2 - Transport Policy TI - The analysis of transit-oriented development (TOD) in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas VL - 32 ID - 26033 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NASS CY - Washington, DC PB - USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) PY - 2017 SP - 11 ST - Farm Labor Methodology and Quality Measures TI - Farm Labor Methodology and Quality Measures UR - https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Methodology_and_Data_Quality/Farm_Labor/11_2017/Quality%20Measures%20and%20Methodology ID - 26334 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A large body of research confirms that access to wildlife resources can reduce conditions of food insecurity and health related illness among Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Alaska. Yet the procurement of wildfoods depends on the ability of Aboriginal households to overcome a range of obstacles that impede such access. Utilizing a data set collected between 2007 and 2013, this paper identifies a range of barriers that Aboriginal households in Alaska (Gwich’in), Alberta (Cree), Nunavik (Inuit), and Nunatsiavut (Inuit) encounter in accessing wildfoods. The results demonstrate that the constraints experienced by Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Alaska in accessing wildfoods are experienced differently depending on region, community, age, gender, and the political environment in which wildlife harvesting occurs. These findings underscore the diversity of factors that can influence one’s access to wildlife resources, and one’s chance of being food insecure. It is hoped that the results of this research will lead to a more informed understanding of Aboriginal food security in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions of North America, and can contribute to more flexible policies that can account for the social, economic and political diversity in which Aboriginal food insecurity is experienced. AU - Natcher, David AU - Shirley, Shea AU - Rodon, Thierry AU - Southcott, Chris DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s12571-016-0619-1 IS - 6 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1876-4525 SP - 1153-1167 ST - Constraints to wildlife harvesting among aboriginal communities in Alaska and Canada T2 - Food Security TI - Constraints to wildlife harvesting among aboriginal communities in Alaska and Canada VL - 8 ID - 25823 ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine C4 - 0e0dc028-aefb-4130-8045-f6cdf4388afc CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/22773 KW - added by ERG PB - National Academies Press PY - 2012 SP - 87 ST - Airport Climate Adaptation and Resilience TI - Airport Climate Adaptation and Resilience ID - 22901 ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine C4 - 23e451ae-5f97-48cd-9b2d-73045ee9e38c CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/24648 KW - Transportation Adaptation PB - National Academies Press PY - 2016 SN - 9780309441476 SP - 100 ST - Transportation Resilience: Adaptation to Climate Change TI - Transportation Resilience: Adaptation to Climate Change ID - 22802 ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine C4 - cb667add-afc5-472b-a8bc-6c688712b9c8 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/21852 KW - added by ERG PB - National Academies Press PY - 2016 SP - 186 ST - Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change TI - Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change ID - 22915 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Beatty, Alexandra AB - The U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) was established in 1990 to “assist the Nation and the world to understand, assess, predict, and respond to human-induced and natural processes of global change.”1 A key responsibility for the program is to conduct National Climate Assessments (NCAs) every 4 years.2 These assessments are intended to inform the nation about “observed changes in climate, the current status of the climate, and anticipated trends for the future.” The USGCRP hopes that government entities from federal agencies to small municipalities, citizens, communities, and businesses will rely on these assessments of climate- related risks for planning and decision-making. The third NCA (NCA3) was published in 2014 and work on the fourth is beginning. The USGCRP asked the Board on Environmental Change and Society of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a workshop to explore ways to frame the NCA4 and subsequent NCA reports in terms of risks to society. The workshop was intended to collect experienced views on how to characterize and communicate information about climate-related hazards, risks, and opportunities that will support decision makers in their efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce vulnerability to likely changes in climate, and increase resilience to those changes. Characterizing Risk in Climate Change Assessments summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. AU - National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine C4 - 3df7d31f-d9ce-4eab-8db0-87937fd3111f CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/23569 KW - Environment and Environmental Studies LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-309-44551-1 SP - 100 ST - Characterizing Risk in Climate Change Assessments: Proceedings of a Workshop TI - Characterizing Risk in Climate Change Assessments: Proceedings of a Workshop ID - 23652 ER - TY - BOOK AB - The Edwards Aquifer in south-central Texas is the primary source of water for one of the fastest growing cities in the United States, San Antonio, and it also supplies irrigation water to thousands of farmers and livestock operators. It is also is the source water for several springs and rivers, including the two largest freshwater springs in Texas that form the San Marcos and Comal Rivers. The unique habitat afforded by these spring-fed rivers has led to the development of species that are found in no other locations on Earth. Due to the potential for variations in spring flow caused by both human and natural causes, these species are continuously at risk and have been recognized as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act(ESA). In an effort to manage the river systems and the aquifer that controls them, the Edwards Aquifer Authority and stakeholders have developed a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP). The HCP seeks to effectively manage the river-aquifer system to ensure the viability of the ESA-listed species in the face of drought, population growth, and other threats to the aquifer. The National Research Council was asked to assist in this process by reviewing the activities around implementing the HCP. Review of the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan: Report 2 reviews the progress in implementing the recommendations from the Committee’s first report, seeking to clarify and provide additional support for implementation efforts where appropriate. The current report also reviews selected Applied Research projects and minimization and mitigation measures to help ensure their effectiveness in benefiting the listed species. AU - National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine C4 - 1bb3b421-0edc-4aa5-b1b0-901a011353ff CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/23685 KW - Environment and Environmental Studies LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2017 SN - 978-0-309-45155-0 SP - 176 ST - Review of the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan: Report 2 TI - Review of the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan: Report 2 ID - 23218 ER - TY - BOOK AB - The social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) is an economic metric intended to provide a comprehensive estimate of the net damages - that is, the monetized value of the net impacts, both negative and positive - from the global climate change that results from a small (1-metric ton) increase in carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions. Under Executive Orders regarding regulatory impact analysis and as required by a court ruling, the U.S. government has since 2008 used estimates of the SC-CO2 in federal rulemakings to value the costs and benefits associated with changes in CO2 emissions. In 2010, the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases (IWG) developed a methodology for estimating the SC-CO2 across a range of assumptions about future socioeconomic and physical earth systems. Valuing Climate Changes examines potential approaches, along with their relative merits and challenges, for a comprehensive update to the current methodology. This publication also recommends near- and longer-term research priorities to ensure that the SC- CO2 estimates reflect the best available science. AU - National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine C4 - a46ba47b-a9d5-43af-a3d1-0691154a188e CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/24651 KW - Environment and Environmental Studies LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2017 SN - 978-0-309-45420-9 SP - 280 ST - Valuing Climate Damages: Updating Estimation of the Social Cost of Carbon Dioxide TI - Valuing Climate Damages: Updating Estimation of the Social Cost of Carbon Dioxide ID - 24472 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued climate change can be lessened. The National Climate Assessment, coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is a mandated report intended to inform response decisions. Required to be developed every four years, these reports provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of climate change impacts available for the United States, making them a unique and important climate change document. The draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report reviewed here addresses a wide range of topics of high importance to the United States and society more broadly, extending from human health and community well-being, to the built environment, to businesses and economies, to ecosystems and natural resources. This report evaluates the draft NCA4 to determine if it meets the requirements of the federal mandate, whether it provides accurate information grounded in the scientific literature, and whether it effectively communicates climate science, impacts, and responses for general audiences including the public, decision makers, and other stakeholders. AU - National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine C4 - ce67d78f-f808-40b4-a876-01c3945fbb48 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/25013 KW - Earth Sciences Environment and Environmental Studies LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2018 SN - 978-0-309-47169-5 SP - 206 ST - Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment TI - Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment ID - 25920 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued climate change can be lessened. The National Climate Assessment, coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is a mandated report intended to inform response decisions. Required to be developed every four years, these reports provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of climate change impacts available for the United States, making them a unique and important climate change document. The draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report reviewed here addresses a wide range of topics of high importance to the United States and society more broadly, extending from human health and community well-being, to the built environment, to businesses and economies, to ecosystems and natural resources. This report evaluates the draft NCA4 to determine if it meets the requirements of the federal mandate, whether it provides accurate information grounded in the scientific literature, and whether it effectively communicates climate science, impacts, and responses for general audiences including the public, decision makers, and other stakeholders. AU - National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine C4 - 98724d24-7937-4f89-9026-e414efb64e01 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/25013 KW - Earth Sciences Environment and Environmental Studies LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2018 SN - 978-0-309-47169-5 SP - 206 ST - Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment TI - Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment ID - 26410 ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Research Council C4 - 194d933e-f82e-4e95-9bd1-43d01b6a6574 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/11591 LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2006 SP - 14 ST - Structural Performance of the New Orleans Hurricane Protection System During Hurricane Katrina T2 - Letter Report TI - Structural Performance of the New Orleans Hurricane Protection System During Hurricane Katrina ID - 25403 ER - TY - RPRT AU - National Agricultural Statistics Service M1 - Special Studies Part 1 NV - AC-12-SS-1 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture PY - 2014 SP - 249 ST - 2012 Census of Agriculture: 2013 Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey TI - 2012 Census of Agriculture: 2013 Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey UR - https://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Online_Resources/Farm_and_Ranch_Irrigation_Survey/ VL - 3 ID - 22641 ER - TY - RPRT AU - National Congress of American Indians CY - Washington, DC PB - National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) PY - 2017 SP - 36 ST - Tribal Infrastructure: Investing in Indian Country For a Stronger America TI - Tribal Infrastructure: Investing in Indian Country For a Stronger America UR - http://www.ncai.org/NCAI-InfrastructureReport-FINAL.pdf ID - 25357 ER - TY - RPRT AU - National Fish Wildlife and Plants Climate Adaptation Partnership C6 - NCA CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.3996/082012-FWSReport-1 PB - Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Council on Environmental Quality, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service PY - 2012 SP - 120 ST - National Fish, Wildlife and Plants Climate Adaptation Strategy TI - National Fish, Wildlife and Plants Climate Adaptation Strategy ID - 14658 ER - TY - WEB AU - National Hurricane Center CY - Miami, FL PB - NOAA National Weather Service PY - 2018 ST - National Storm Surge Hazard Maps—Version 2 TI - National Storm Surge Hazard Maps—Version 2 UR - https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/nationalsurge/ ID - 26115 ER - TY - RPRT AU - National Infrastructure Advisory Council CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Homeland Security PY - 2010 SP - 83 ST - A Framework for Establishing Critical Infrastructure Resilience Goals: Final Report and Recommendations TI - A Framework for Establishing Critical Infrastructure Resilience Goals: Final Report and Recommendations UR - https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/niac/niac-a-framework-for-establishing-critical-infrastructure-resilience-goals-2010-10-19.pdf ID - 21419 ER - TY - RPRT AU - National Intelligence Council CY - [Washington, DC] NV - NIC WP 2016-01 PB - National Intelligence Council PY - 2016 SP - 13 ST - Implications for US National Security of Anticipated Climate Change TI - Implications for US National Security of Anticipated Climate Change UR - https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Newsroom/Reports%20and%20Pubs/Implications_for_US_National_Security_of_Anticipated_Climate_Change.pdf ID - 22110 ER - TY - RPRT AU - National Invasive Species Council CY - Washington, DC PB - NISC Secretariat PY - 2016 SP - 42 ST - Management Plan: 2016 - 2018 TI - Management Plan: 2016 - 2018 UR - https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/2016-2018-nisc-management-plan.pdf ID - 25753 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Lowther, Alan A2 - Liddel, Michael AU - National Marine Fisheries Service CY - Silver Spring, MD NV - Current Fishery Statistics No. 2015 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2016 SP - 135 ST - Fisheries of the United States 2015 TI - Fisheries of the United States 2015 UR - https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/Assets/commercial/fus/fus15/documents/FUS2015.pdf ID - 21903 ER - TY - RPRT AU - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) CY - Washington, DC M1 - NOAA/PA 71046 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office PY - 1975 SP - 2 ST - The Coastline of the United States TI - The Coastline of the United States UR - https://archive.org/details/coastlineofunite00unit ID - 23934 ER - TY - RPRT AU - National Park Service CY - Savannah, GA PB - U.S. Department of the Interior PY - 2016 SN - FOPU 348/133294 SP - 50 ST - Foundation Document: Fort Pulaski National Monument TI - Foundation Document: Fort Pulaski National Monument UR - https://www.nps.gov/fopu/learn/management/upload/FOPU_FD_SP-2.pdf ID - 26705 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Nydick, Koren AU - National Park Service CY - Three Rivers, CA PB - Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks PY - 2017 SP - 104 ST - A Climate-Smart Resource Stewardship Strategy for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks TI - A Climate-Smart Resource Stewardship Strategy for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks UR - https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/588239 ID - 26740 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Coal will continue to provide a major portion of energy requirements in the United States for at least the next several decades. It is imperative that accurate information describing the amount, location, and quality of the coal resources and reserves be available to fulfill energy needs. It is also important that the United States extract its coal resources efficiently, safely, and in an environmentally responsible manner. A renewed focus on federal support for coal-related research, coordinated across agencies and with the active participation of the states and industrial sector, is a critical element for each of these requirements. Coal focuses on the research and development needs and priorities in the areas of coal resource and reserve assessments, coal mining and processing, transportation of coal and coal products, and coal utilization. AU - National Research Council C4 - 96b39da1-771b-4889-8535-6b3ba61b7042 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/11977 KW - Energy and Energy Conservation Industry and Labor LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2007 SN - 978-0-309-11022-8 SP - 182 ST - Coal: Research and Development to Support National Energy Policy TI - Coal: Research and Development to Support National Energy Policy ID - 21662 ER - TY - BOOK AB - A large area of coastal waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico experiences seasonal conditions of low levels of dissolved oxygen, a condition known as hypoxia. Excess discharge of nutrients into the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers causes nutrient overenrichment in the gulf's coastal waters and stimulates the growth of large algae blooms. When these algae die, the process of decomposition depletes dissolved oxygen from the water column and creates hypoxic conditions. In considering how to implement provisions of the Clean Water Act to strengthen nutrient reduction objectives across the Mississippi River basin, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requested advice from the National Research Council. This book represents the results of the committee's investigations and deliberations, and recommends that the EPA and U.S. Department of Agriculture should jointly establish a Nutrient Control Implementation Initiative to learn more about the effectiveness of actions meant to improve water quality throughout the Mississippi River basin and into the northern Gulf of Mexico. Other recommendations include how to move forward on the larger process of allocating nutrient loading caps -- which entails delegating responsibilities for reducing nutrient pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus -- across the basin. AU - National Research Council C4 - e49ebec0-0ee0-4387-92cb-9cb006d245e0 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/12544 KW - Environment and Environmental Studies LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2009 SN - 978-0-309-13000-4 SP - 90 ST - Nutrient Control Actions for Improving Water Quality in the Mississippi River Basin and Northern Gulf of Mexico TI - Nutrient Control Actions for Improving Water Quality in the Mississippi River Basin and Northern Gulf of Mexico ID - 25594 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Detailed weather observations on local and regional levels are essential to a range of needs from forecasting tornadoes to making decisions that affect energy security, public health and safety, transportation, agriculture and all of our economic interests. As technological capabilities have become increasingly affordable, businesses, state and local governments, and individual weather enthusiasts have set up observing systems throughout the United States. However, because there is no national network tying many of these systems together, data collection methods are inconsistent and public accessibility is limited. This book identifies short-term and long-term goals for federal government sponsors and other public and private partners in establishing a coordinated nationwide "network of networks" of weather and climate observations. AU - National Research Council C4 - 10b8e6ae-9393-4140-bcbb-518d62f3d61d CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/12540 KW - Earth Sciences Space and Aeronautics LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2009 SN - 978-0-309-12986-2 SP - 250 ST - Observing Weather and Climate from the Ground Up: A Nationwide Network of Networks TI - Observing Weather and Climate from the Ground Up: A Nationwide Network of Networks ID - 25804 ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council C4 - 65ce3b87-d63b-4582-a9b5-f25510b64e97 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/12783 PB - National Academies Press PY - 2010 RN - http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12783 SN - 978-0-309-14591-6 SP - 292 ST - Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change. America’s Climate Choices: Report of the Panel on Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change TI - Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change. America’s Climate Choices: Report of the Panel on Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change ID - 14807 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Across the United States, impacts of climate change are already evident. Heat waves have become more frequent and intense, cold extremes have become less frequent, and patterns of rainfall are likely changing. The proportion of precipitation that falls as rain rather than snow has increased across the western United States and Arctic sea ice has been reduced significantly. Sea level has been rising faster than at any time in recent history, threatening the natural and built environments on the coasts. Even if emissions of greenhouse gases were substantially reduced now, climate change and its resulting impacts would continue for some time to come. To date, decisions related to the management and protection of the nation's people, resources, and infrastructure have been based on records in the recent past, when climate was relatively stable. Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change, part of the congressionally requested America's Climate Choices suite of studies, calls for a new paradigm-one that considers a range of possible future climate conditions and impacts that may be well outside the realm of past experience. Adaptation requires actions from many decision makers in federal, state, tribal, and local governments; the private sector; non-governmental organizations; and community groups. However, current efforts are hampered by a lack of solid information about the benefits, costs, and effectiveness of various adaptation options; climate information on regional and local scales; and a lack of coordination. Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change calls for a national adaptation strategy that provides needed technical and scientific resources, incentives to begin adaptation planning, guidance across jurisdictions, shared lessons learned, and support of scientific research to expand knowledge of impacts and adaptation. AU - National Research Council C4 - 8e306a61-3c1a-4e11-a8ad-710df434f4b9 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/12783 KW - Earth Sciences Environment and Environmental Studies LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2010 SN - 978-0-309-14591-6 SP - 292 ST - Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change TI - Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change ID - 26482 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Although advances in engineering can reduce the risk of dam and levee failure, some failures will still occur. Such events cause impacts on social and physical infrastructure that extend far beyond the flood zone. Broadening dam and levee safety programs to consider community- and regional-level priorities in decision making can help reduce the risk of, and increase community resilience to, potential dam and levee failures. Collaboration between dam and levee safety professionals at all levels, persons and property owners at direct risk, members of the wider economy, and the social and environmental networks in a community would allow all stakeholders to understand risks, shared needs, and opportunities, and make more informed decisions related to dam and levee infrastructure and community resilience. Dam and Levee Safety and Community Resilience: A Vision for Future Practice explains that fundamental shifts in safety culture will be necessary to integrate the concepts of resilience into dam and levee safety programs. AU - National Research Council C4 - 4e34060a-8368-4e07-80ca-05fbd4e89c26 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/13393 KW - Earth Sciences LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-309-25614-8 SP - 172 ST - Dam and Levee Safety and Community Resilience: A Vision for Future Practice TI - Dam and Levee Safety and Community Resilience: A Vision for Future Practice ID - 21515 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Once ice-bound, difficult to access, and largely ignored by the rest of the world, the Arctic is now front and center in the midst of many important questions facing the world today. Our daily weather, what we eat, and coastal flooding are all interconnected with the future of the Arctic. The year 2012 was an astounding year for Arctic change. The summer sea ice volume smashed previous records, losing approximately 75 percent of its value since 1980 and half of its areal coverage. Multiple records were also broken when 97 percent of Greenland's surface experienced melt conditions in 2012, the largest melt extent in the satellite era. Receding ice caps in Arctic Canada are now exposing land surfaces that have been continuously ice covered for more than 40,000 years. What happens in the Arctic has far-reaching implications around the world. Loss of snow and ice exacerbates climate change and is the largest contributor to expected global sea level rise during the next century. Ten percent of the world's fish catches comes from Arctic and sub-Arctic waters. The U.S. Geological Survey estimated that up to 13 percent of the world's remaining oil reserves are in the Arctic. The geologic history of the Arctic may hold vital clues about massive volcanic eruptions and the consequent release of massive amount of coal fly ash that is thought to have caused mass extinctions in the distant past. How will these changes affect the rest of Earth? What research should we invest in to best understand this previously hidden land, manage impacts of change on Arctic communities, and cooperate with researchers from other nations? The Arctic in the Anthropocene reviews research questions previously identified by Arctic researchers, and then highlights the new questions that have emerged in the wake of and expectation of further rapid Arctic change, as well as new capabilities to address them. This report is meant to guide future directions in U.S. Arctic research so that research is targeted on critical scientific and societal questions and conducted as effectively as possible. The Arctic in the Anthropocene identifies both a disciplinary and a cross-cutting research strategy for the next 10 to 20 years, and evaluates infrastructure needs and collaboration opportunities. The climate, biology, and society in the Arctic are changing in rapid, complex, and interactive ways. Understanding the Arctic system has never been more critical; thus, Arctic research has never been more important. This report will be a resource for institutions, funders, policy makers, and students. Written in an engaging style, The Arctic in the Anthropocene paints a picture of one of the last unknown places on this planet, and communicates the excitement and importance of the discoveries and challenges that lie ahead. AU - National Research Council C4 - 8cf58ebf-2708-4a4c-adf0-5afa8ade1ecd CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/18726 KW - Earth Sciences Environment and Environmental Studies LA - English PB - National Academies Press PY - 2014 SN - 978-0-309-30183-1 SP - 224 ST - The Arctic in the Anthropocene: Emerging Research Questions TI - The Arctic in the Anthropocene: Emerging Research Questions ID - 22347 ER - TY - JOUR AU - National Trust for Historic Preservation IS - 4 PY - 2015 SN - 1536-1012 SP - 1-66 ST - High water and high stakes: Cultural resources and climate change T2 - Forum Journal TI - High water and high stakes: Cultural resources and climate change UR - http://forum.savingplaces.org/HigherLogic/System/DownloadDocumentFile.ashx?DocumentFileKey=58856f28-e8be-9094-1148-5f67534d5263&forceDialog=1 VL - 29 ID - 24523 ER - TY - WEB AU - National Trust for Historic Preservation CY - Washington, DC PB - National Trust for Historic Preservation PY - 2017 ST - Climate and Culture TI - Climate and Culture UR - https://savingplaces.org/climate-and-culture ID - 21904 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Native American Youth & Family Center AU - Coalition of Communities of Color AU - OPAL Environmental Justice Oregon CY - Portland, OR PY - 2016 SP - 20 ST - Tyee Khunamokwst “Leading Together”: Cross-Cultural Climate Justice Leaders TI - Tyee Khunamokwst “Leading Together”: Cross-Cultural Climate Justice Leaders UR - http://www.coalitioncommunitiescolor.org/cedresourcepage/tyee-khunamokwst ID - 26534 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Naughton, G. A. AU - Carlson, J. S. DA - 2008/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.07.009 IS - 1 KW - Children Heat Thermoregulation Exercise PY - 2008 SN - 1440-2440 SP - 58-65 ST - Reducing the risk of heat-related decrements to physical activity in young people T2 - Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport TI - Reducing the risk of heat-related decrements to physical activity in young people VL - 11 ID - 23834 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Naughton, M. B. AU - Henderson, Alden AU - Mirabelli, Maria C. AU - Kaiser, Reinhard AU - Wilhelm, John L. AU - Kieszak, Stephanie M. AU - Rubin, Carol H. AU - McGeehin, Michael A. DO - 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00421-X IS - 4 PY - 2002 SP - 221-227 ST - Heat-related mortality during a 1999 heat wave in Chicago T2 - American Journal of Preventive Medicine TI - Heat-related mortality during a 1999 heat wave in Chicago VL - 22 ID - 19220 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nava, Luzma AU - Brown, Christopher AU - Demeter, Katalin AU - Lasserre, Frédéric AU - Milanés-Murcia, Maria AU - Mumme, Stephen AU - Sandoval-Solis, Samuel DO - 10.3390/w8070291 IS - 7 PY - 2016 SN - 2073-4441 SP - 291 ST - Existing opportunities to adapt the Rio Grande/Bravo Basin water resources allocation framework T2 - Water TI - Existing opportunities to adapt the Rio Grande/Bravo Basin water resources allocation framework VL - 8 ID - 23264 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Navarro, Kathleen M. AU - Cisneros, Ricardo AU - O’Neill, Susan M. AU - Schweizer, Don AU - Larkin, Narasimhan K. AU - Balmes, John R. DA - 2016/11/01 DO - 10.1021/acs.est.6b02252 IS - 21 PY - 2016 SN - 0013-936X SP - 11965-11973 ST - Air-quality impacts and intake fraction of PM2.5 during the 2013 Rim Megafire T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Air-quality impacts and intake fraction of PM2.5 during the 2013 Rim Megafire VL - 50 ID - 24248 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forestland in the United States is a carbon (C) sink, offsetting ∼10% of annual greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. Most of the C in forests is held in soils, and the capacity of forest soils to sequester C makes them a major component of the US forest C sink. Where reforestation is presently occurring, either through deliberate replanting after forestland is disturbed (e.g., burned), or where previously nonforested lands (e.g., cultivated) are converting to forestland, topsoils are accumulating C. However, these C accumulation rates are poorly constrained; quantifying them with empirical data are critical to accurately represent the role of reforestation in the US C budget and forecast the longevity of the US forest C sink.Soils are Earth’s largest terrestrial carbon (C) pool, and their responsiveness to land use and management make them appealing targets for strategies to enhance C sequestration. Numerous studies have identified practices that increase soil C, but their inferences are often based on limited data extrapolated over large areas. Here, we combine 15,000 observations from two national-level databases with remote sensing information to address the impacts of reforestation on the sequestration of C in topsoils (uppermost mineral soil horizons). We quantify C stocks in cultivated, reforesting, and natural forest topsoils; rates of C accumulation in reforesting topsoils; and their contribution to the US forest C sink. Our results indicate that reforestation increases topsoil C storage, and that reforesting lands, currently occupying >500,000 km2 in the United States, will sequester a cumulative 1.3–2.1 Pg C within a century (13–21 Tg C·y−1). Annually, these C gains constitute 10% of the US forest sector C sink and offset 1% of all US greenhouse gas emissions. AU - Nave, Lucas E. AU - Domke, Grant M. AU - Hofmeister, Kathryn L. AU - Mishra, Umakant AU - Perry, Charles H. AU - Walters, Brian F. AU - Swanston, Christopher W. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1719685115 IS - 11 PY - 2018 SP - 2776-2781 ST - Reforestation can sequester two petagrams of carbon in US topsoils in a century T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Reforestation can sequester two petagrams of carbon in US topsoils in a century VL - 115 ID - 25166 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Naz, Bibi S. AU - Kao, Shih-Chieh AU - Ashfaq, Moetasim AU - Rastogi, Deeksha AU - Mei, Rui AU - Bowling, Laura C. DA - 2016/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.06.003 KW - Hydroclimate change Extreme events CMIP5 RegCM4 VIC PY - 2016 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 100-117 ST - Regional hydrologic response to climate change in the conterminous United States using high-resolution hydroclimate simulations T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - Regional hydrologic response to climate change in the conterminous United States using high-resolution hydroclimate simulations VL - 143 ID - 26493 ER - TY - WEB AU - NBC CY - New York PB - NBC Channel 4 PY - 2012 ST - Water floods subways, service likely to be out for days TI - Water floods subways, service likely to be out for days UR - https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Flooded-Subways-NYC-Brooklyn-Battery-Queens-Midtown-Tunnel-MTA-Hurricane-Sandy-176359011.html ID - 24574 ER - TY - WEB AU - NC Rural Health Research Program CY - Chapel Hill, NC PB - UNC, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research PY - 2017 ST - Rural Hospital Closures: January 2010–Present TI - Rural Hospital Closures: January 2010–Present UR - http://www.shepscenter.unc.edu/programs-projects/rural-health/rural-hospital-closures/ ID - 24440 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NCADAC C6 - NCA CY - Washington, DC DA - May 20, 2011 PB - National Climate Assessment and Development Advisory Committee PY - 2011 SP - 27 ST - National Climate Assessment (NCA) Engagement Strategy TI - National Climate Assessment (NCA) Engagement Strategy UR - http://www.globalchange.gov/images/NCA/nca-engagement-strategy_5-20-11.pdf ID - 14667 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NCAI CY - Washington, DC PB - National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) PY - 2013 SP - 18 ST - Securing Our Futures TI - Securing Our Futures UR - http://www.ncai.org/resources/ncai_publications/securing-our-futures-report ID - 24986 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NCAI CY - Washington, DC PB - National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) PY - 2015 SP - 47 ST - Tribal Nations and the United States: An Introduction TI - Tribal Nations and the United States: An Introduction UR - http://www.ncai.org/resources/ncai_publications/tribal-nations-and-the-united-states-an-introduction ID - 26271 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCAI CY - Washington, DC PB - National Congress of American Indians PY - 2018 ST - Policy Issues: Land & Natural Resources. Climate Change [web page] TI - Policy Issues: Land & Natural Resources. Climate Change [web page] UR - http://www.ncai.org/policy-issues/land-natural-resources/climate-change ID - 25913 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCEI CY - Asheville, NC PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) PY - 2016 ST - Climate at a Glance. Global Time Series: Global Land and Ocean Temperature Anomalies, 1880–2015 [web tool] TI - Climate at a Glance. Global Time Series: Global Land and Ocean Temperature Anomalies, 1880–2015 [web tool] UR - http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/time-series/global/globe/land_ocean/ytd/12/1880-2015 ID - 20522 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCEI CY - Asheville, NC PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) PY - 2018 ST - Climate Data Online [web tool] TI - Climate Data Online [web tool] UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/ ID - 26704 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCEI CY - Asheville, NC PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) PY - 2018 ST - Climate at a Glance. Regional Time Series: Northwest Climate Region, Average Temperature, January–December 2015 [web tool] TI - Climate at a Glance. Regional Time Series: Northwest Climate Region, Average Temperature, January–December 2015 [web tool] UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/regional/time-series/108/tavg/12/12/2015-2015?base_prd=true&firstbaseyear=1970&lastbaseyear=1999 ID - 26719 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCEI CY - Asheville, NC PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) PY - 2018 ST - Climate at a Glance. Regional Time Series: Northwest Climate Region, Average Temperature, January–March 2015 [web tool] TI - Climate at a Glance. Regional Time Series: Northwest Climate Region, Average Temperature, January–March 2015 [web tool] UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/regional/time-series/108/tavg/3/3/2015-2015?base_prd=true&firstbaseyear=1970&lastbaseyear=1999 ID - 26720 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCEI CY - Asheville, NC PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) PY - 2018 ST - Climate at a Glance. Regional Time Series: Northwest Climate Region, Precipitation, January–March 2015 [web tool] TI - Climate at a Glance. Regional Time Series: Northwest Climate Region, Precipitation, January–March 2015 [web tool] UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/regional/time-series/108/pcp/3/3/2015-2015?base_prd=true&firstbaseyear=1970&lastbaseyear=1999 ID - 26721 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCEI CY - Asheville, NC PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) PY - 2018 ST - Climate at a Glance. Regional Time Series: Northwest Climate Region, Precipitation, April–June 2015 [web tool] TI - Climate at a Glance. Regional Time Series: Northwest Climate Region, Precipitation, April–June 2015 [web tool] UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/regional/time-series/108/pcp/3/6/2015-2015?base_prd=true&firstbaseyear=1970&lastbaseyear=1999 ID - 26722 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCEI CY - Asheville, NC PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) PY - 2018 ST - Climate at a Glance. Regional Time Series: Northwest Climate Region, Precipitation, July–September 2015 [web tool] TI - Climate at a Glance. Regional Time Series: Northwest Climate Region, Precipitation, July–September 2015 [web tool] UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/regional/time-series/108/pcp/3/9/2015-2015?base_prd=true&firstbaseyear=1970&lastbaseyear=1999 ID - 26723 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCEI CY - Asheville, NC PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) PY - 2018 ST - Climate at a Glance. Regional Time Series: Northwest Climate Region, Precipitation, January–June 2015 [web tool] TI - Climate at a Glance. Regional Time Series: Northwest Climate Region, Precipitation, January–June 2015 [web tool] UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/regional/time-series/108/pcp/6/6/2015-2015?base_prd=true&firstbaseyear=1900&lastbaseyear=1999 ID - 26724 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCEI CY - Asheville, NC PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) PY - 2018 ST - Climate at a Glance. Statewide Time Series: Alaska Average Temperature, 1925–2016 [web tool] TI - Climate at a Glance. Statewide Time Series: Alaska Average Temperature, 1925–2016 [web tool] UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/statewide/time-series/50/tavg/12/12/1925-2016?base_prd=true&firstbaseyear=1925&lastbaseyear=2000 ID - 26727 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCGA CY - Chesterfield, MO PB - National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) PY - 2018 ST - Soil Health Partnership [web page] TI - Soil Health Partnership [web page] UR - https://www.soilhealthpartnership.org/ ID - 26609 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCSL CY - Washington, DC PB - National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) PY - 2016 ST - Federal and State Recognized Tribes (Updated October 2016) TI - Federal and State Recognized Tribes (Updated October 2016) UR - http://www.ncsl.org/research/state-tribal-institute/list-of-federal-and-state-recognized-tribes.aspx ID - 21902 ER - TY - WEB AU - NCSL CY - Washington, DC PB - National Conference of State Legislatures PY - 2018 ST - State Renewable Portfolio Standards and Goals [web page] TI - State Renewable Portfolio Standards and Goals [web page] UR - http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards.aspx ID - 26405 ER - TY - WEB AU - NDMC CY - Lincoln, NE PB - National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC) PY - 2015 ST - U.S. Drought Monitor: Puerto Rico (August 11, 2015) [web image] TI - U.S. Drought Monitor: Puerto Rico (August 11, 2015) [web image] UR - https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/data/png/20150811/20150811_pr_trd.png ID - 25252 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NDRC CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development PY - 2015 SP - [7] ST - National Disaster Resilience Competition (NDRC): Phase 2 Fact Sheet TI - National Disaster Resilience Competition (NDRC): Phase 2 Fact Sheet UR - https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/NDRCFACTSHEETFINAL.PDF ID - 26464 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NDRC CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development PY - 2016 SP - 23 ST - National Disaster Resilience Competition (NDRC): Grantee Profiles TI - National Disaster Resilience Competition (NDRC): Grantee Profiles UR - https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/NDRCGRANTPROF.PDF ID - 24053 ER - TY - CHAP AU - NDRC C4 - 4ea5bc03-4042-48cf-ba69-b36283bf8c1c CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development PY - 2016 SP - 7-8 ST - State of Louisiana T2 - National Disaster Resilience Competition (NDRC): Grantee Profiles TI - State of Louisiana UR - https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/NDRCGRANTPROF.PDF ID - 26337 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global warming is expected to lead to a more vigorous hydrological cycle, including more total rainfall and more frequent high intensity rainfall events. Rainfall amounts and intensities increased on average in the United States during the 20th century, and according to climate change models they are expected to continue to increase during the 21st century. These rainfall changes, along with expected changes in temperature, solar radiation, and atmospheric C02 concentrations, will have significant impacts on soil erosion rates. The processes involved in the impact of climate change on soil erosion by water are complex, involving changes in rainfall amounts and intensities, number of days of precipitation, ratio of rain to snow, plant biomass production, plant residue decomposition rates, soil microbial activity, evapo-transpiration rates, and shifts in land use necessary to accommodate a new climatic regime. This paper reviews several recent studies conducted by the authors that address the potential effects of climate change on soil erosion rates. The results show cause for concern. Rainfall erosivity levels may be on the rise across much of the United States. Where rainfall amounts increase, erosion and runoff will increase at an even greater rate: the ratio of erosion increase to annual rainfall increase is on the order of 1.7. Even in cases where annual rainfall would decrease, system feedbacks related to decreased biomass production could lead to greater susceptibility of the soil to erode. Results also show how farmers' response to climate change can potentially exacerbate, or ameliorate, the changes in erosion rates expected. AU - Nearing, MA AU - Pruski, F.F. AU - O'Neal, M.R. DA - January 1, 2004 IS - 1 PY - 2004 SP - 43-50 ST - Expected climate change impacts on soil erosion rates: A review T2 - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation TI - Expected climate change impacts on soil erosion rates: A review UR - http://www.jswconline.org/content/59/1/43.abstract VL - 59 ID - 21246 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Projections of possible precipitation change in California under global warming have been subject to considerable uncertainty because California lies between the region anticipated to undergo increases in precipitation at mid-to-high latitudes and regions of anticipated decrease in the subtropics. Evaluation of the large-scale model experiments for phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) suggests a greater degree of agreement on the sign of the winter (December–February) precipitation change than in the previous such intercomparison, indicating a greater portion of California falling within the increased precipitation zone. While the resolution of global models should not be relied on for accurate depiction of topographic rainfall distribution within California, the precipitation changes depend substantially on large-scale shifts in the storm tracks arriving at the coast. Significant precipitation increases in the region arriving at the California coast are associated with an eastward extension of the region of strong Pacific jet stream, which appears to be a robust feature of the large-scale simulated changes. This suggests that effects of this jet extension in steering storm tracks toward the California coast constitute an important factor that should be assessed for impacts on incoming storm properties for high-resolution regional model assessments. AU - Neelin, J. David AU - Langenbrunner, Baird AU - Meyerson, Joyce E. AU - Hall, Alex AU - Berg, Neil DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00514.1 IS - 17 KW - North America,Climate change,Hydrology,Climate models PY - 2013 SP - 6238-6256 ST - California winter precipitation change under global warming in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 Ensemble T2 - Journal of Climate TI - California winter precipitation change under global warming in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 Ensemble VL - 26 ID - 23835 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anthropogenic changes in tropical rainfall are evaluated in a multimodel ensemble of global warming simulations. Major discrepancies on the spatial distribution of these precipitation changes remain in the latest-generation models analyzed here. Despite this uncertainty, we find a number of measures, both global and local, on which reasonable agreement is obtained, notably for the regions of drying trend (negative precipitation anomalies). Models agree on the overall amplitude of the precipitation decreases that occur at the margins of the convective zones, with percent error bars of magnitude similar to those for the tropical warming. Similar agreement is found on a precipitation climate sensitivity defined here and on differential moisture increase inside and outside convection zones, a step in a hypothesized causal path leading to precipitation changes. A measure of local intermodel agreement on significant trends indicates consistent predictions for particular regions. Observed rainfall trends in several data sets show a significant summer drying trend in a main region of intermodel agreement: the Caribbean/Central-American region. AU - Neelin, J. D. AU - Münnich, M. AU - Su, H. AU - Meyerson, J. E. AU - Holloway, C. E. DO - 10.1073/pnas.0601798103 IS - 16 PY - 2006 SP - 6110-6115 ST - Tropical drying trends in global warming models and observations T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Tropical drying trends in global warming models and observations VL - 103 ID - 25013 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change studies consistently conclude that the Pacific Northwest (PNW) will increase in temperature with the greatest change occurring as hotter summer temperatures, precipitation becomes more uncertain with projections for wetter winters and drier summers, a decline in snowpack and an increase in wildfire risk. These impacts on rangeland and pastures affect forage growth and the timing of forage availability for grazing, affecting stocking rates, turn-out dates, and end of grazing gather dates. The magnitude of projected climate change will be dynamic year to year which adds significant challenges to implementing effective grazing management plans. The PNW has about 1.3 million head of beef cows that are the primary grazing resource users. Cow-calf producers’ production costs will increase to offset climate change impacts, but PNW cattle producers have an economic comparative advantage to other regions more negatively impacted by climate change such as the Southwest. The PNW is projected to have lower drought risk and the PNW’s extensive irrigation system can produce feedstuffs to offset drought-reduced grazing resources. AU - Neibergs, J. Shannon AU - Hudson, Tipton D. AU - Kruger, Chad E. AU - Hamel-Rieken, Kaelin DA - July 03 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2014-0 IS - 1-2 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 5-17 ST - Estimating climate change effects on grazing management and beef cattle production in the Pacific Northwest T2 - Climatic Change TI - Estimating climate change effects on grazing management and beef cattle production in the Pacific Northwest VL - 146 ID - 24734 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study utilizes multiple decades of daily streamflow data gathered in four major watersheds in western Washington to determine the meteorological conditions most likely to cause flooding in those watersheds. Two are located in the Olympic Mountains and the other two in the western Cascades; and each has uniquely different topographic characteristics. The flood analysis is based on the maximum daily flow observed during each water year (WY) at each site [i.e., the annual peak daily flow (APDF)], with an initial emphasis on the 12 most recent water years between WY1998 and 2009, and then focusing on a 30-year interval between WY1980 and 2009. The shorter time period coincides with relatively complete passive microwave satellite coverage of integrated water vapor (IWV) over the Pacific basin. The combination of IWV imagery and streamflow data highlights a close link between landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) and APDFs (i.e., 46 of the 48 APDFs occurred with landfalling ARs). To complement this approach, the three-decade time series of APDFs, which correspond to the availability of the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) dataset, are examined. The APDFs occur most often, and are typically largest in magnitude, from November to January. The NARR is used to assess the composite meteorological conditions associated with the 10 largest APDFs at each site during this 30-year period. Heavy precipitation fell during the top 10 APDFs, and anomalously high composite NARR melting levels averaged ~1.9 km MSL, which is primarily above the four basins of interest. Hence, on average, mostly rain rather than snow fell within these basins, leading to enhanced runoff. The flooding on the four watersheds shared common meteorological attributes, including the presence of landfalling ARs with anomalous warmth, strong low-level water vapor fluxes, and weak static stability. There were also key differences that modulated the orographic control of precipitation. Notably, two watersheds experienced their top 10 APDFs when the low-level flow was southwesterly, while the other two basins had their largest APDFs with west–southwesterly flow. These differences arose because of the region’s complex topography, basin orientations, and related rain shadowing. AU - Neiman, Paul J. AU - Schick, Lawrence J. AU - Ralph, F. Martin AU - Hughes, Mimi AU - Wick, Gary A. DO - 10.1175/2011JHM1358.1 IS - 6 KW - Flood events,Rivers,Topographic effects,Satellite observations,Water vapor,Streamflow PY - 2011 SP - 1337-1358 ST - Flooding in western Washington: The connection to atmospheric rivers T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - Flooding in western Washington: The connection to atmospheric rivers VL - 12 ID - 19751 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Nelson, Arthur C. AU - Lang, Robert E. C4 - 5574415c-503c-4767-b9f5-ad7a5e4ffa63 CY - London and New York PB - Routledge PY - 2011 SN - 1932364978 978-1932364972 SP - 312 ST - Megapolitan America: A New Vision for Understanding America’s Metropolitan Geography TI - Megapolitan America: A New Vision for Understanding America’s Metropolitan Geography ID - 26215 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nelson, D.R. AU - Adger, W.N. AU - Brown, K. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1146/annurev.energy.32.051807.090348 PY - 2007 SP - 395-419 ST - Adaptation to environmental change: Contributions of a resilience framework T2 - Annual Review of Environment and Resources TI - Adaptation to environmental change: Contributions of a resilience framework VL - 32 ID - 14688 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nelson, Erik J. AU - Kareiva, Peter AU - Ruckelshaus, Mary AU - Arkema, Katie AU - Geller, Gary AU - Girvetz, Evan AU - Goodrich, Dave AU - Matzek, Virginia AU - Pinsky, Malin AU - Reid, Walt AU - Saunders, Martin AU - Semmens, Darius AU - Tallis, Heather C6 - NCA DA - 2013/11/01 DO - 10.1890/120312 IS - 9 PY - 2013 SN - 1540-9295 SP - 483-893 ST - Climate change’s impact on key ecosystem services and the human well-being they support in the US T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Climate change’s impact on key ecosystem services and the human well-being they support in the US VL - 11 Y2 - 2014/03/04 ID - 14690 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nelson, Frederick E. AU - Anisimov, Oleg A. AU - Shiklomanov, Nikolay I. DA - 04/19/print DO - 10.1038/35073746 IS - 6831 M3 - 10.1038/35073746 PY - 2001 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 889-890 ST - Subsidence risk from thawing permafrost T2 - Nature TI - Subsidence risk from thawing permafrost VL - 410 ID - 22258 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nelson, Gerald C AU - Mensbrugghe, Dominique AU - Ahammad, Helal AU - Blanc, Elodie AU - Calvin, Katherine AU - Hasegawa, Tomoko AU - Havlik, Petr AU - Heyhoe, Edwina AU - Kyle, Page AU - Lotze‐Campen, Hermann AU - von Lampe, Martin AU - Mason d'Croz, Daniel AU - van Meijl, Hans AU - Müller, Christoph AU - Reilly, John AU - Robertson, Richard AU - Sands, Ronald D. AU - Schmitz, Christoph AU - Tabeau, Andrzej AU - Takahashi, Kiyoshi AU - Valin, Hugo AU - Willenbockel, Dirk DO - 10.1111/agec.12091 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SN - 1574-0862 SP - 85-101 ST - Agriculture and climate change in global scenarios: Why don't the models agree T2 - Agricultural Economics TI - Agriculture and climate change in global scenarios: Why don't the models agree VL - 45 ID - 22622 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nelson, Gerald C AU - Valin, Hugo AU - Sands, Ronald D AU - Havlík, Petr AU - Ahammad, Helal AU - Deryng, Delphine AU - Elliott, Joshua AU - Fujimori, Shinichiro AU - Hasegawa, Tomoko AU - Heyhoe, Edwina AU - Kyle, Page AU - Lampe, Martin Von AU - Lotze-Campen, Hermann AU - d’Croz, Daniel Mason AU - van Meijl, Hans AU - van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique AU - Müller, Christoph AU - Popp, Alexander AU - Robertson, Richard AU - Robinson, Sherman AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Schmitz, Christoph AU - Tabeau, Andrzej AU - Willenbockelo, Dirk DO - 10.1073/pnas.1222465110 IS - 9 PY - 2014 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 3274-3279 ST - Climate change effects on agriculture: Economic responses to biophysical shocks T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climate change effects on agriculture: Economic responses to biophysical shocks VL - 111 ID - 22623 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nemet, G.F. AU - Holloway, T. AU - Meier, P. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014007 IS - 1 PY - 2010 SP - 014007 ST - Implications of incorporating air-quality co-benefits into climate change policymaking T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Implications of incorporating air-quality co-benefits into climate change policymaking VL - 5 ID - 14693 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NERC CY - Atlanta, GA PB - North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) PY - 2013 SP - 114 ST - Special Reliability Assessment: Accommodating an Increased Dependence on Natural Gas for Electric Power. Phase II: A Vulnerability and Scenario Assessment for the North American Bulk Power System TI - Special Reliability Assessment: Accommodating an Increased Dependence on Natural Gas for Electric Power. Phase II: A Vulnerability and Scenario Assessment for the North American Bulk Power System UR - https://www.nerc.com/pa/RAPA/ra/Reliability%20Assessments%20DL/NERC_PhaseII_FINAL.pdf ID - 25436 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Satellite altimetry has shown that global mean sea level has been rising at a rate of ∼3 ± 0.4 mm/y since 1993. Using the altimeter record coupled with careful consideration of interannual and decadal variability as well as potential instrument errors, we show that this rate is accelerating at 0.084 ± 0.025 mm/y2, which agrees well with climate model projections. If sea level continues to change at this rate and acceleration, sea-level rise by 2100 (∼65 cm) will be more than double the amount if the rate was constant at 3 mm/y.Using a 25-y time series of precision satellite altimeter data from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2, and Jason-3, we estimate the climate-change–driven acceleration of global mean sea level over the last 25 y to be 0.084 ± 0.025 mm/y2. Coupled with the average climate-change–driven rate of sea level rise over these same 25 y of 2.9 mm/y, simple extrapolation of the quadratic implies global mean sea level could rise 65 ± 12 cm by 2100 compared with 2005, roughly in agreement with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment Report (AR5) model projections. AU - Nerem, R. S. AU - Beckley, B. D. AU - Fasullo, J. T. AU - Hamlington, B. D. AU - Masters, D. AU - Mitchum, G. T. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1717312115 IS - 9 PY - 2018 SP - 2022-2025 ST - Climate-change–driven accelerated sea-level rise detected in the altimeter era T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climate-change–driven accelerated sea-level rise detected in the altimeter era VL - 115 ID - 25864 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Jason-2 satellite altimeter mission was launched in June 2008, extending the record of precision sea level measurements that was initiated with the launch of TOPEX/Poseidon in 1992 and continued with the launch of Jason-1 in December 2001. We have used the measurements from these three missions to construct a seamless record of global mean sea level change from 1993 to the present. We present the results of our calibration activities, including data comparisons during the “tandem period” of the missions, during which we solve for biases between the missions, as well as comparisons to independent tide gauge sea level measurements. When the entire record is assembled, the average rate of sea level rise from 1993–2009 is 3.4 ± 0.4 mm/year. There is considerable interannual variation due to ENSO-related processes, which include the period of lower sea level rise over the last three years of the time series during the recent La Nina event. AU - Nerem, R. S. AU - Chambers, D.P. AU - Choe, C. AU - Mitchum, G.T. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1080/01490419.2010.491031 IS - S1 KW - Sea level change, ; satellite altimetry PY - 2010 SP - 435-446 ST - Estimating mean sea level change from the TOPEX and Jason altimeter missions T2 - Marine Geodesy TI - Estimating mean sea level change from the TOPEX and Jason altimeter missions VL - 33 ID - 14694 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tidal freshwater marshes exist in a dynamic environment where plant productivity, subsurface biogeochemical processes, and soil elevation respond to hydrological fluctuations over tidal to multi-decadal time scales. The objective of this study was to determine ecosystem responses to elevated salinity and increased water inputs, which are likely as sea level rise accelerates and saltwater intrudes into freshwater habitats. Since June 2008, in situ manipulations in a Zizaniopsis miliacea (giant cutgrass)-dominated tidal freshwater marsh in South Carolina have raised porewater salinities from freshwater to oligohaline levels and/or subtly increased the amount of water flowing through the system. Ecosystem-level fluxes of CO2 and CH4 have been measured to quantify rates of production and respiration. During the first 20 months of the experiment, the major impact of elevated salinity was a depression of plant productivity, whereas increasing freshwater inputs had a greater effect on rates of ecosystem CO2 emissions, primarily due to changes in soil processes. Net ecosystem production, the balance between gross ecosystem production and ecosystem respiration, decreased by 55% due to elevated salinity, increased by 75% when freshwater inputs were increased, and did not change when salinity and hydrology were both manipulated. These changes in net ecosystem production may impact the ability of marshes to keep up with rising sea levels since the accumulation of organic matter is critical in allowing tidal freshwater marshes to build soil volume. Thus, it is necessary to have regional-scale predictions of saltwater intrusion and water level changes relative to the marsh surface in order to accurately forecast the long-term sustainability of tidal freshwater marshes to future environmental change. AU - Neubauer, Scott C. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s12237-011-9455-x IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1559-2731 SP - 491-507 ST - Ecosystem responses of a tidal freshwater marsh experiencing saltwater intrusion and altered hydrology T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - Ecosystem responses of a tidal freshwater marsh experiencing saltwater intrusion and altered hydrology VL - 36 ID - 24361 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent literature, the US Global Change Research Program’s National Climate Assessment, and recent events, such as Hurricane Sandy, highlight the need to take better account of both storm surge and sea-level rise (SLR) in assessing coastal risks of climate change. This study combines three models—a tropical cyclone simulation model; a storm surge model; and a model for economic impact and adaptation—to estimate the joint effects of storm surge and SLR for the US coast through 2100. The model is tested using multiple SLR scenarios, including those incorporating estimates of dynamic ice-sheet melting, two global greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation policy scenarios, and multiple general circulation model climate sensitivities. The results illustrate that a large area of coastal land and property is at risk of damage from storm surge today; that land area and economic value at risk expands over time as seas rise and as storms become more intense; that adaptation is a cost-effective response to this risk, but residual impacts remain after adaptation measures are in place; that incorporating site-specific episodic storm surge increases national damage estimates by a factor of two relative to SLR-only estimates, with greater impact on the East and Gulf coasts; and that mitigation of GHGs contributes to significant lessening of damages. For a mid-range climate-sensitivity scenario that incorporates dynamic ice sheet melting, the approach yields national estimates of the impacts of storm surge and SLR of $990 billion through 2100 (net of adaptation, cumulative undiscounted 2005$); GHG mitigation policy reduces the impacts of the mid-range climate-sensitivity estimates by $84 to $100 billion. AU - Neumann, James E. AU - Emanuel, Kerry AU - Ravela, Sai AU - Ludwig, Lindsay AU - Kirshen, Paul AU - Bosma, Kirk AU - Martinich, Jeremy DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1304-z IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 337-349 ST - Joint effects of storm surge and sea-level rise on US Coasts: New economic estimates of impacts, adaptation, and benefits of mitigation policy T2 - Climatic Change TI - Joint effects of storm surge and sea-level rise on US Coasts: New economic estimates of impacts, adaptation, and benefits of mitigation policy VL - 129 ID - 24012 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changes in temperature, precipitation, sea level, and coastal storms will likely increase the vulnerability of infrastructure across the United States. Using four models that analyze vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation, this paper estimates impacts to roads, bridges, coastal properties, and urban drainage infrastructure and investigates sensitivity to varying greenhouse gas emission scenarios, climate sensitivities, and global climate models. The results suggest that the impacts of climate change in this sector could be large, especially in the second half of the 21st century as sea-level rises, temperature increases, and precipitation patterns become more extreme and affect the sustainability of long-lived infrastructure. Further, when considering sea-level rise, scenarios which incorporate dynamic ice sheet melting yield impact model results in coastal areas that are roughly 70 to 80 % higher than results that do not incorporate dynamic ice sheet melting. The potential for substantial economic impacts across all infrastructure sectors modeled, however, can be reduced by cost-effective adaptation measures. Mitigation policies also show potential to reduce impacts in the infrastructure sector - a more aggressive mitigation policy reduces impacts by 25 to 35 %, and a somewhat less aggressive policy reduces impacts by 19 to 30 %. The existing suite of models suitable for estimating these damages nonetheless covers only a small portion of expected infrastructure sector effects from climate change, so much work remains to better understand impacts on electric and telecommunications networks, rail, and air transportation systems. In addition, the effects of climate-induced extreme events are likely to be important, but are incompletely understood and remain an emerging area for research. AU - Neumann, J. E. AU - Price, J. AU - Chinowsky, P. AU - Wright, L. AU - Ludwig, L. AU - Streeter, R. AU - Jones, R. AU - Smith, J. B. AU - Perkins, W. AU - Jantarasami, L. AU - Martinich, J. DA - Jul DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-1037-4 IS - 1 KW - Infrastructure Urban Climate change Transportation Projection PY - 2015 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 97-109 ST - Climate change risks to US infrastructure: Impacts on roads, bridges, coastal development, and urban drainage T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change risks to US infrastructure: Impacts on roads, bridges, coastal development, and urban drainage VL - 131 ID - 22805 ER - TY - WEB AU - New Hampshire Fish and Game CY - Concord, NH PB - New Hampshire Fish and Game PY - 2017 ST - Moose research: What's in store for New Hampshire's moose? TI - Moose research: What's in store for New Hampshire's moose? UR - http://www.wildlife.state.nh.us/wildlife/moose-study.html ID - 21905 ER - TY - WEB AU - New Jersey Resilient Coastal Communities Initiative PY - 2018 ST - Getting to resilience: A community planning evaluation tool [web tool] TI - Getting to resilience: A community planning evaluation tool [web tool] UR - http://www.prepareyourcommunitynj.org/ ID - 26268 ER - TY - WEB AU - New York City CY - New York PB - Office of the Mayor PY - 2013 ST - Special Initiative for Rebuilding and Resiliency (SIRR) [web site] TI - Special Initiative for Rebuilding and Resiliency (SIRR) [web site] UR - https://www1.nyc.gov/site/sirr/index.page ID - 26270 ER - TY - WEB AU - New York Climate Change Science Clearinghouse PY - 2018 ST - [web site] TI - [web site] UR - https://nyclimatescience.org/ ID - 26269 ER - TY - LEGAL AU - New York State Assembly CY - Albany, NY PY - 2014 SN - Bill A06558/S06617-B TI - Community Risk and Resiliency Act (CRRA) UR - https://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?bn=A06558&term=2013 ID - 26483 ER - TY - RPRT AU - New York State Department of Public Service CY - Albany, NY PB - New York State Department of Public Service PY - 2016 SP - 11 ST - Staff's Responsive Proposal For Preserving Zero-Emissions Attributes TI - Staff's Responsive Proposal For Preserving Zero-Emissions Attributes UR - http://documents.dps.ny.gov/public/Common/ViewDoc.aspx?DocRefId=%7BBBFA4008-FD27-4209-B8E1-AD037578101E%7D ID - 24522 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Newkirk II, Vann R. C4 - f8225523-7ae9-4ab4-ac28-4cfafe1b508b PY - 2017 SE - September 2, 2017 ST - Hurricane Harvey’s public-health nightmare T2 - The Atlantic TI - Hurricane Harvey’s public-health nightmare UR - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/09/hurricane-harveys-public-health-nightmare/538767/ ID - 23229 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Newman, Soren AU - Carroll, Matthew AU - Jakes, Pamela AU - Higgins, Lorie DA - 2014/01/02 DO - 10.1080/17477891.2013.841090 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SN - 1747-7891 SP - 21-37 ST - Hurricanes and wildfires: Generic characteristics of community adaptive capacity T2 - Environmental Hazards TI - Hurricanes and wildfires: Generic characteristics of community adaptive capacity VL - 13 ID - 22259 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Newport Restoration Foundation CY - Newport, RI PY - 2016 SP - 39 ST - Keeping 74 Bridge Street Above Water: Lessons from the City of Newport and the Point Neighborhood on Protecting Historic Structures and Neighborhoods from the Impacts of Climate Change [exhibition booklet] TI - Keeping 74 Bridge Street Above Water: Lessons from the City of Newport and the Point Neighborhood on Protecting Historic Structures and Neighborhoods from the Impacts of Climate Change [exhibition booklet] UR - http://historyabovewater.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/74-Bridge-Case-Study-Booklet.pdf ID - 25650 ER - TY - WEB AU - Newport Restoration Foundation CY - Newport RI PB - Newport Restoration Foundation PY - 2017 ST - Keeping History Above Water TI - Keeping History Above Water UR - http://historyabovewater.org/ ID - 21893 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Newton, Anna E. AU - Garrett, Nancy AU - Stroika, Steven G. AU - Halpin, Jessica L. AU - Turnsek, Maryann AU - Mody, Rajal K. DA - April 18, 2014 IS - 15 N1 - Anna E. Newton Nancy Garrett Steven G. Stroika Jessica L. Halpin Maryann Turnsek Rajal K. Mody PY - 2014 SP - 335-336 ST - Notes from the field: Increase in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with consumption of Atlantic Coast shellfish—2013 T2 - MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report TI - Notes from the field: Increase in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with consumption of Atlantic Coast shellfish—2013 UR - https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6315a6.htm VL - 63 ID - 19062 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Newton Mann, Alyssa AU - Grifman, Phyllis AU - Finzi Hart, Juliette IS - 2 PY - 2017 SP - Article 6 ST - The stakes are rising: Lessons on engaging coastal communities on climate adaptation in Southern California T2 - Cities and the Environment (CATE) TI - The stakes are rising: Lessons on engaging coastal communities on climate adaptation in Southern California UR - http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cate/vol10/iss2/6 VL - 10 ID - 24011 ER - TY - WEB AU - NFPA CY - Quincy, MA PB - National Fire Protection Association PY - 2018 ST - Firewise USA®: Residents Reducing Wildfire Risks [web page] TI - Firewise USA®: Residents Reducing Wildfire Risks [web page] UR - https://www.nfpa.org/Public-Education/By-topic/Wildfire/Firewise-USA ID - 26072 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Harmful non-indigenous species (NIS) impose great economic and environmental impacts globally, but little is known about their impacts in Southeast Asia. Lack of knowledge of the magnitude of the problem hinders the allocation of appropriate resources for NIS prevention and management. We used benefit-cost analysis embedded in a Monte-Carlo simulation model and analysed economic and environmental impacts of NIS in the region to estimate the total burden of NIS in Southeast Asia. The total annual loss caused by NIS to agriculture, human health and the environment in Southeast Asia is estimated to be US$33.5 billion (5th and 95th percentile US$25.8–39.8 billion). Losses and costs to the agricultural sector are estimated to be nearly 90% of the total (US$23.4–33.9 billion), while the annual costs associated with human health and the environment are US$1.85 billion (US$1.4–2.5 billion) and US$2.1 billion (US$0.9–3.3 billion), respectively, although these estimates are based on conservative assumptions. We demonstrate that the economic and environmental impacts of NIS in low and middle-income regions can be considerable and that further measures, such as the adoption of regional risk assessment protocols to inform decisions on prevention and control of NIS in Southeast Asia, could be beneficial. AU - Nghiem, Le T. P. AU - Soliman, Tarek AU - Yeo, Darren C. J. AU - Tan, Hugh T. W. AU - Evans, Theodore A. AU - Mumford, John D. AU - Keller, Reuben P. AU - Baker, Richard H. A. AU - Corlett, Richard T. AU - Carrasco, Luis R. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0071255 IS - 8 PY - 2013 SP - e71255 ST - Economic and environmental impacts of harmful non-indigenous species in Southeast Asia T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Economic and environmental impacts of harmful non-indigenous species in Southeast Asia VL - 8 ID - 25696 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ngo, Nicole S. AU - Horton, Radley M. DA - 2016/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.016 KW - Climate change Fetal health Urban sustainability PY - 2016 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 158-164 ST - Climate change and fetal health: The impacts of exposure to extreme temperatures in New York City T2 - Environmental Research TI - Climate change and fetal health: The impacts of exposure to extreme temperatures in New York City VL - 144 ID - 25317 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nguyen, Tri-Dung AU - Cai, Ximing AU - Ouyang, Yanfeng AU - Housh, Mashor DO - 10.1504/IJCIS.2016.075868 IS - 1/2 PY - 2016 SP - 4-36 ST - Modelling infrastructure interdependencies, resiliency and sustainability T2 - International Journal of Critical Infrastructures TI - Modelling infrastructure interdependencies, resiliency and sustainability VL - 12 ID - 21417 ER - TY - WEB AU - NIACS CY - Newtown Square, PA PB - Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science PY - 2018 ST - Adaptation Workbook: A Climate Change Tool for Land Management and Conservation [web tool] TI - Adaptation Workbook: A Climate Change Tool for Land Management and Conservation [web tool] UR - https://adaptationworkbook.org/ ID - 26076 ER - TY - WEB AU - NIACS CY - Houghton, MI PB - Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science (NIACS) PY - n.d. ST - Forest Adaptation Planning and Practices TI - Forest Adaptation Planning and Practices UR - https://www.forestadaptation.org/fapp ID - 23485 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nicholas, Kimberly A. AU - Matthews, Mark A. AU - Lobell, David B. AU - Willits, Neil H. AU - Field, Christopher B. DA - 2011/12/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.06.010 IS - 12 KW - Climate change Vitis vinifera Wine Climate sensitivity Anthocyanins Phenology Temperature PY - 2011 SN - 0168-1923 SP - 1556-1567 ST - Effect of vineyard-scale climate variability on Pinot noir phenolic composition T2 - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology TI - Effect of vineyard-scale climate variability on Pinot noir phenolic composition VL - 151 ID - 25975 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose Climate change is an emerging challenge linked to negative outcomes for the environment and human health. Since the 1960s, there has been a growing recognition of the need to address climate change and the impact of greenhouse gas emissions implicated in the warming of our planet. There are also deleterious health outcomes linked to complex climate changes that are emerging in the 21st century. This article addresses the social justice issues associated with climate change and human health and discussion of climate justice. Organizing Construct Discussion paper. Methods A literature search of electronic databases was conducted for articles, texts, and documents related to climate change, climate justice, and human health. Findings The literature suggests that those who contribute least to global warming are those who will disproportionately be affected by the negative health outcomes of climate change. The concept of climate justice and the role of the Mary Robinson Foundation—Climate Justice are discussed within a framework of nursing's professional responsibility and the importance of social justice for the world's people. The nursing profession must take a leadership role in engaging in policy and advocacy discussions in addressing the looming problems associated with climate change. Conclusions Nursing organizations have adopted resolutions and engaged in leadership roles to address climate change at the local, regional, national, and global level. It is essential that nurses embrace concepts related to social justice and engage in the policy debate regarding the deleterious effects on human health related to global warming and climate change. Nursing's commitment to social justice offers an opportunity to offer significant global leadership in addressing the health implications related to climate change. Clinical Relevance Recognizing the negative impacts of climate change on well‐being and the underlying socioeconomic reasons for their disproportionate and inequitable distribution can expand and optimize the profession's role in education, practice, research, and policy‐making efforts to address climate change. AU - Nicholas, Patrice K. AU - Breakey, Suellen DO - 10.1111/jnu.12326 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SP - 606-616 ST - Climate change, climate justice, and environmental health: Implications for the nursing profession T2 - Journal of Nursing Scholarship TI - Climate change, climate justice, and environmental health: Implications for the nursing profession VL - 49 ID - 25316 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nicholls, Robert J. DA - 2004/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2003.10.007 IS - 1 KW - Climate change Coastal vulnerability Flood risk Coastal ecosystems PY - 2004 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 69-86 ST - Coastal flooding and wetland loss in the 21st century: Changes under the SRES climate and socio-economic scenarios T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Coastal flooding and wetland loss in the 21st century: Changes under the SRES climate and socio-economic scenarios VL - 14 ID - 23966 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nicholls, R.J. AU - Cazenave, A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1126/science.1185782 IS - 5985 PY - 2010 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 1517-1520 ST - Sea-level rise and its impact on coastal zones T2 - Science TI - Sea-level rise and its impact on coastal zones VL - 328 ID - 14710 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Taking the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) climate and socio-economic scenarios (A1FI, A2, B1 and B2 ‘future worlds’), the potential impacts of sea-level rise through the twenty-first century are explored using complementary impact and economic analysis methods at the global scale. These methods have never been explored together previously. In all scenarios, the exposure and hence the impact potential due to increased flooding by sea-level rise increases significantly compared to the base year (1990). While mitigation reduces impacts, due to the lagged response of sea-level rise to atmospheric temperature rise, impacts cannot be avoided during the twenty-first century by this response alone. Cost–benefit analyses suggest that widespread protection will be an economically rational response to land loss due to sea-level rise in the four SRES futures that are considered. The most vulnerable future worlds to sea-level rise appear to be the A2 and B2 scenarios, which primarily reflects differences in the socio-economic situation (coastal population, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and GDP/capita), rather than the magnitude of sea-level rise. Small islands and deltaic settings stand out as being more vulnerable as shown in many earlier analyses. Collectively, these results suggest that human societies will have more choice in how they respond to sea-level rise than is often assumed. However, this conclusion needs to be tempered by recognition that we still do not understand these choices and significant impacts remain possible. Future worlds which experience larger rises in sea-level than considered here (above 35 cm), more extreme events, a reactive rather than proactive approach to adaptation, and where GDP growth is slower or more unequal than in the SRES futures remain a concern. There is considerable scope for further research to better understand these diverse issues. AU - Nicholls, Robert J. AU - Tol, Richard S. J. DA - 2006/04/15/ DO - 10.1098/rsta.2006.1754 DP - rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org IS - 1841 LA - en PY - 2006 SN - 1364-503X, 1471-2962 SP - 1073-1095 ST - Impacts and responses to sea-level rise: A global analysis of the SRES scenarios over the twenty-first century T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences TI - Impacts and responses to sea-level rise: A global analysis of the SRES scenarios over the twenty-first century VL - 364 Y2 - 2017/09/26/00:50:13 ID - 22484 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nicotra, Adrienne B. AU - Beever, Erik A. AU - Robertson, Amanda L. AU - Hofmann, Gretchen E. AU - O'Leary, John DO - 10.1111/cobi.12522 IS - 5 KW - climate change extinction risk genetic variation phenotypic plasticity resilience vulnerability assessment cambio climático evaluación de la vulnerabilidad plasticidad fenotípica resiliencia riesgo de extinción variación genética PY - 2015 SN - 1523-1739 SP - 1268-1278 ST - Assessing the components of adaptive capacity to improve conservation and management efforts under global change T2 - Conservation Biology TI - Assessing the components of adaptive capacity to improve conservation and management efforts under global change VL - 29 ID - 23425 ER - TY - WEB AU - NIDIS PB - U.S. National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) PY - 2017 ST - North American Drought Monitor TI - North American Drought Monitor UR - https://www.drought.gov/nadm/content/overview ID - 22111 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nielsen-Gammon, John W. AU - Zhang, Fuqing AU - Odins, Andrew M. AU - Myoung, Boksoon DA - 2005/01/01 DO - 10.2747/0272-3646.26.5.340 IS - 5 PY - 2005 SN - 0272-3646 SP - 340-364 ST - Extreme rainfall in Texas: Patterns and predictability T2 - Physical Geography TI - Extreme rainfall in Texas: Patterns and predictability VL - 26 ID - 23324 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Garfin, Gregg A2 - Jardine, Angela A2 - Merideth, Robert A2 - Black, Mary A2 - LeRoy, Sarah AU - Niemeier, Deb A. AU - Goodchild, Anne V. AU - Rowell, Maura AU - Walker, Joan L. AU - Lin, Jane AU - Schweitzer, Lisa C4 - b05cd14d-f90c-42ba-92d7-ab8235603a3c CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2013 SP - 297-311 ST - Transportation T2 - Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States: A Report Prepared for the National Climate Assessment T3 - A report by the Southwest Climate Alliance TI - Transportation UR - https://www.swcarr.arizona.edu/chapter/14 ID - 26035 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Niemi, Ernie AU - Buckley, Mark AU - Neculae, Cleo AU - Reich, Sarah CY - Eugene, OR PB - University of Oregon, Program on Climate Economics of the Climate Leadership Initiative PY - 2009 SP - 47 ST - An Overview of Potential Economic Costs to Washington of a Business-As-Usual Approach to Climate Change TI - An Overview of Potential Economic Costs to Washington of a Business-As-Usual Approach to Climate Change UR - http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/551504/6389698/1270246458393/economicreport_washington.pdf?token=ITVtBqwDSLEMGF5GrYcrv9QOECE%3D ID - 24781 ER - TY - WEB AU - NIFC CY - Boise, ID PB - National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC) PY - 2017 ST - Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only) [table] TI - Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only) [table] UR - https://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_documents/SuppCosts.pdf ID - 22031 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NIFC CY - Boise, ID PB - National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC) PY - 2017 SP - 1 ST - Historical Wildland Fire Information: Suppression Costs (1985-2016) TI - Historical Wildland Fire Information: Suppression Costs (1985-2016) UR - https://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_documents/SuppCosts.pdf ID - 23632 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ning, Liang AU - Bradley, Raymond S. DA - 11/20/online DO - 10.1038/srep17073 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SP - 17073 ST - Snow occurrence changes over the central and eastern United States under future warming scenarios T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Snow occurrence changes over the central and eastern United States under future warming scenarios VL - 5 ID - 21724 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NMFS CY - St. Petersburg, FL PB - NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Southeast Regional Office PY - 2016 SP - 35 ST - Management Plan for Caribbean Acropora Population Enhancement TI - Management Plan for Caribbean Acropora Population Enhancement UR - http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/protected_resources/coral/documents/acropora_restoration_plan.pdf ID - 25016 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA CY - Asheville, NC PB - NOAA National Climatic Data Center ST - North American Drought Monitor in June 2011 TI - North American Drought Monitor in June 2011 UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/drought/nadm/maps/en/201106#map-selection VL - 2018 ID - 26736 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ST - Smoke from Canadian Wildfires Travels Over United States [image] TI - Smoke from Canadian Wildfires Travels Over United States [image] UR - https://www.nnvl.noaa.gov/images/high_resolution/2082v1_20170817-AERO.png VL - 2018 ID - 26737 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA CY - Washington, DC PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service PY - 2008 ST - Drought: Public Fact Sheet TI - Drought: Public Fact Sheet UR - http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/brochures/climate/DroughtPublic2.pdf VL - 2016 ID - 20127 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA DA - October 30, 2017 M1 - October 24, 2017 PY - 2014 ST - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Information Quality Guidelines TI - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Information Quality Guidelines UR - http://www.cio.noaa.gov/services_programs/IQ_Guidelines_103014.html ID - 25125 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NOAA CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2014 SP - 30 ST - NOAA's Arctic Action Plan—Supporting the National Strategy for the Arctic Region TI - NOAA's Arctic Action Plan—Supporting the National Strategy for the Arctic Region UR - https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/misc_pdf/noaaarcticactionplan2014.pdf ID - 25853 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA CY - Asheville, NC M1 - 17 April 17 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2015 ST - Storm Events Database: Drought in San Joaquin Valley, California TI - Storm Events Database: Drought in San Joaquin Valley, California UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=605750 VL - 2018 ID - 25649 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA PY - 2016 ST - State Climate Summaries [web site] TI - State Climate Summaries [web site] UR - http://stateclimatesummaries.globalchange.gov/ ID - 25921 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service PY - 2017 ST - Mean sea level trend: 9410170 San Diego, California TI - Mean sea level trend: 9410170 San Diego, California UR - https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends_station.shtml?stnid=9410170 ID - 23930 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service PY - 2017 ST - Mean sea level trend: 9414290 San Francisco, California TI - Mean sea level trend: 9414290 San Francisco, California UR - https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends_station.shtml?stnid=9414290 ID - 23931 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NOAA CY - Charleston, SC PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Coastal Management PY - 2017 SP - 23 ST - NOAA Report on the U.S. Ocean and Great Lakes Economy TI - NOAA Report on the U.S. Ocean and Great Lakes Economy UR - https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/training/econreport.html ID - 23932 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - NOAA Office of Coastal Management PY - 2017 ST - Economics: National Ocean Watch [data] TI - Economics: National Ocean Watch [data] UR - https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/enow.html ID - 24009 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - NOAA Office of Coastal Management PY - 2017 ST - Sea Level Rise Viewer [web tool] TI - Sea Level Rise Viewer [web tool] UR - https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/tools/slr ID - 24010 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA CY - Asheville, NC PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2017 ST - National Climate Report: June 2017 TI - National Climate Report: June 2017 UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/201706 ID - 26375 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA CY - Boulder, CO PB - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory PY - 2017 ST - NOAA Climate Change Web Portal TI - NOAA Climate Change Web Portal UR - https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/ipcc/ ID - 26376 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA PY - [2016] ST - National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program TI - National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program UR - https://www.weather.gov/coop/ ID - 25852 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA Central Pacific Hurricane Center CY - Honolulu, HI DA - 1992 LA - En-us PB - NOAA Central Pacific Hurricane Center PY - 1992 ST - The 1992 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season TI - The 1992 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season UR - http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1992.php ID - 22530 ER - TY - PRESS AU - NOAA Central Pacific Hurricane Center CY - Honolulu, HI M1 - 4 PB - NOAA Central Pacific Hurricane Center PY - 2015 ST - Historic Hurricane Season—2015 Summary for the Central Pacific Basin [Media advisory] TI - Historic Hurricane Season—2015 Summary for the Central Pacific Basin [Media advisory] UR - http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/pages/examples/2015_HurricaneSeasonSummary_MediaAdvisory.pdf ID - 22487 ER - TY - BLOG AU - NOAA Fisheries M1 - July PB - NOAA Fisheries, West Coast Region PY - 2015 ST - Farmers reroute water for fish: Yakima irrigators use canals to keep streams flowing in drought T2 - NOAA Fisheries: West Coast Region TI - Farmers reroute water for fish: Yakima irrigators use canals to keep streams flowing in drought UR - http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/stories/2015/21_07212015_yakima_canal_flows.html ID - 24782 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NOAA Fisheries CY - Silver Spring, MD NV - NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-163 PB - NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries) PY - 2016 SP - 235 ST - Fisheries Economics of the United States, 2014 TI - Fisheries Economics of the United States, 2014 UR - https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/publications/feus/fisheries_economics_2014/index ID - 24883 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NOAA Fisheries PB - NOAA Fisheries in Collaboration with the US Army Corps of Engineers and Idaho Department of Fish and Game PY - 2016 SP - 66 ST - 2015 Adult Sockeye Salmon Passage Report TI - 2015 Adult Sockeye Salmon Passage Report UR - https://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/hydropower/fcrps/2015_adult_sockeye_salmon_passage_report.pdf ID - 26519 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NOAA Fisheries PB - NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service PY - 2016 SP - 37 ST - National Saltwater Recreational Fisheries Policy: West Coast Regional Implementation Plan 2016-2017 TI - National Saltwater Recreational Fisheries Policy: West Coast Regional Implementation Plan 2016-2017 UR - https://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/fishery_management/recreational_fishing/wcr_saltwater_recrfishingpolicy_final.pdf ID - 26520 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NOAA Fisheries CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology PY - 2017 SN - NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-170 SP - 245 ST - Fisheries Economics of the United States, 2015 TI - Fisheries Economics of the United States, 2015 UR - https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/publications/feus/fisheries_economics_2015/index ID - 25513 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA Fisheries CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service PY - 2017 ST - 2016 Report to Congress on the Status of U.S. Fisheries TI - 2016 Report to Congress on the Status of U.S. Fisheries UR - https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/2016-report-congress-status-us-fisheries ID - 25514 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NOAA Living Shorelines Workgroup CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) PY - 2015 SP - 35 ST - Guidance for Considering the Use of Living Shorelines TI - Guidance for Considering the Use of Living Shorelines UR - https://www.habitatblueprint.noaa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/NOAA-Guidance-for-Considering-the-Use-of-Living-Shorelines_2015.pdf ID - 24008 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA NCEI CY - Asheville, NC PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2018 ST - Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters [web page] TI - Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters [web page] UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/events/US/1980-2017 ID - 21310 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA NWS CY - North Charleston, SC M1 - 17 April PB - NOAA National Weather Service PY - 2015 ST - Historic Flooding—October 1–5, 2015 [story map] TI - Historic Flooding—October 1–5, 2015 [story map] UR - https://www.weather.gov/chs/HistoricFlooding-Oct2015 VL - 2018 ID - 25648 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA Office for Coastal Management CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - NOAA Office for Coastal Management PY - 2016 ST - Describing the Ocean Economies of the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico [web site] TI - Describing the Ocean Economies of the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico [web site] UR - https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/training/econ-usvi-pr.html ID - 25248 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA RCC PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Regional Climate Centers (RCC) PY - 2017 ST - xmACIS2 [Applied Climate Information System online tool] TI - xmACIS2 [Applied Climate Information System online tool] UR - http://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/ ID - 24405 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA-Beacons CY - Silver Spring, MD M1 - August, 2017 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking PY - 2017 ST - Emergency Beacons TI - Emergency Beacons UR - http://www.sarsat.noaa.gov/emerbcns.html VL - 2017 ID - 22261 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA-Commercial Fisheries CY - Silver Spring, MD M1 - 19 September 2017 PB - NOAA Office of Science and Technology, National Marine Fisheries Service PY - 2015 ST - Commercial Fisheries Statistics TI - Commercial Fisheries Statistics UR - http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/commercial-fisheries/commercial-landings/annual-landings/index VL - 2017 ID - 22262 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA-River Forecast CY - Anchorage, AK M1 - August, 2017 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Weather Service PY - 2017 ST - Alaska-Pacific River Forecast Center TI - Alaska-Pacific River Forecast Center UR - http://www.weather.gov/APRFC VL - 2017 ID - 22263 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Noelke, Clemens AU - McGovern, Mark AU - Corsi, Daniel J. AU - Jimenez, Marcia P. AU - Stern, Ari AU - Wing, Ian Sue AU - Berkman, Lisa DA - 2016/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.045 KW - Mental health Heat exposure Climate impacts Subjective well-being Social inequality PY - 2016 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 124-129 ST - Increasing ambient temperature reduces emotional well-being T2 - Environmental Research TI - Increasing ambient temperature reduces emotional well-being VL - 151 ID - 26216 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Nolte, C.G. AU - Dolwick, P.D. AU - Fann, N. AU - Horowitz, L.W. AU - Naik, V. AU - Pinder, R.W. AU - Spero, T.L. AU - Winner, D.A. AU - Ziska, L.H. C4 - 6eb1d549-47ea-4433-9828-7b7d52178c81 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH13 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 13 SP - xxx ST - Air Quality T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Air Quality ID - 26647 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Noongwook, George AU - The Native Village of Savoonga AU - The Native Village of Gambell AU - Huntington, Henry P. AU - George, John C. DA - 12/11/ DO - 10.14430/arctic264 IS - 1 KW - bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, St. Lawrence Island, Bering Sea, traditional knowledge, Yupik, Alaska PY - 2009 SP - 47-54 ST - Traditional knowledge of the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) around St. Lawrence Island, Alaska T2 - Arctic TI - Traditional knowledge of the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) around St. Lawrence Island, Alaska VL - 60 ID - 22264 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Stimulation of terrestrial plant production by rising CO2 concentration is projected to reduce the airborne fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Coupled climate–carbon cycle models are sensitive to this negative feedback on atmospheric CO2, but model projections are uncertain because of the expectation that feedbacks through the nitrogen (N) cycle will reduce this so-called CO2 fertilization effect. We assessed whether N limitation caused a reduced stimulation of net primary productivity (NPP) by elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration over 11 y in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment in a deciduous Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum) forest stand in Tennessee. During the first 6 y of the experiment, NPP was significantly enhanced in forest plots exposed to 550 ppm CO2 compared with NPP in plots in current ambient CO2, and this was a consistent and sustained response. However, the enhancement of NPP under elevated CO2 declined from 24% in 2001–2003 to 9% in 2008. Global analyses that assume a sustained CO2 fertilization effect are no longer supported by this FACE experiment. N budget analysis supports the premise that N availability was limiting to tree growth and declining over time —an expected consequence of stand development, which was exacerbated by elevated CO2. Leaf- and stand-level observations provide mechanistic evidence that declining N availability constrained the tree response to elevated CO2; these observations are consistent with stand-level model projections. This FACE experiment provides strong rationale and process understanding for incorporating N limitation and N feedback effects in ecosystem and global models used in climate change assessments. AU - Norby, Richard J. AU - Warren, Jeffrey M. AU - Iversen, Colleen M. AU - Medlyn, Belinda E. AU - McMurtrie, Ross E. DA - November 9, 2010 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1006463107 IS - 45 PY - 2010 SP - 19368-19373 ST - CO2 enhancement of forest productivity constrained by limited nitrogen availability T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - CO2 enhancement of forest productivity constrained by limited nitrogen availability VL - 107 ID - 20212 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments have provided novel insights into the ecological mechanisms controlling the cycling and storage of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems and contribute to our ability to project how ecosystems respond to increasing CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere. Important lessons emerge by evaluating a set of hypotheses that initially guided the design and longevity of forested FACE experiments. Net primary productivity is increased by elevated CO2, but the response can diminish over time. Carbon accumulation is driven by the distribution of carbon among plant and soil components with differing turnover rates and by interactions between the carbon and nitrogen cycles. Plant community structure may change, but elevated CO2 has only minor effects on microbial community structure. FACE results provide a strong foundation for next-generation experiments in unexplored ecosystems and inform coupled climate-biogeochemical models of the ecological mechanisms controlling ecosystem response to the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. AU - Norby, Richard J. AU - Zak, Donald R. DO - 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144647 IS - 1 KW - elevated CO2,forests,net primary productivity,carbon cycle,nitrogen cycle,soil microbial activity,soil organic matter PY - 2011 SP - 181-203 ST - Ecological lessons from Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Experiments T2 - Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics TI - Ecological lessons from Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Experiments VL - 42 ID - 23426 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nordgren, John AU - Stults, Missy AU - Meerow, Sara DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.05.006 KW - Climate adaptation Climate services Local government Local community Adaptation resources PY - 2016 SN - 1462-9011 SP - 344-352 ST - Supporting local climate change adaptation: Where we are and where we need to go T2 - Environmental Science & Policy TI - Supporting local climate change adaptation: Where we are and where we need to go VL - 66 ID - 24179 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Nordhaus, William D. C4 - 67a3627d-c737-41bf-b6cb-f730ce3dfd58 CY - Cambridge, MA PB - MIT Press PY - 1994 SN - 9780262140553 SP - 223 ST - Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change TI - Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change ID - 25769 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nordstrom, Karl F. DA - 2014/10/05/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2013.11.003 KW - beach erosion coastal habitats human impacts landforms restoration PY - 2014 SN - 0272-7714 SP - 11-23 ST - Living with shore protection structures: A review T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science TI - Living with shore protection structures: A review VL - 150 ID - 26217 ER - TY - WEB AU - Norfolk 100RC Initiative CY - Norfolk, VA PB - 100 Resilient Cities/The Rockefeller Foundation PY - 2015 ST - Norfolk: Resilience City TI - Norfolk: Resilience City UR - http://100resilientcities.org/strategies/city/norfolk ID - 24052 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Norgaard, Kari Marie C6 - NCA DA - November 2005 PB - Karuk Tribe of California PY - 2005 SP - 106 ST - The Effects of Altered Diet on the Health of the Karuk People TI - The Effects of Altered Diet on the Health of the Karuk People UR - http://pages.uoregon.edu/norgaard/pdf/Effects-Altered-Diet-Karuk-Norgaard-2005.pdf ID - 14772 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Norgaard, Kari Marie PY - 2014 SP - 77-101 ST - The politics of fire and the social impacts of fire exclusion on the Klamath T2 - Humboldt Journal of Social Relations TI - The politics of fire and the social impacts of fire exclusion on the Klamath UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/humjsocrel.36.77 VL - 36 ID - 23836 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Norgaard, Kari Marie AU - Vinyeta, Kirsten AU - Hillman, Leaf AU - Tripp, Bill AU - Lake, Frank CY - Happy Camp, CA PB - Karuk Tribe, Department of Natural Resources PY - 2016 SP - 205 ST - Karuk Tribe Climate Vulnerability Assessment: Assessing Vulnerabilities from the Increased Frequency of High Severity Fire TI - Karuk Tribe Climate Vulnerability Assessment: Assessing Vulnerabilities from the Increased Frequency of High Severity Fire UR - https://karuktribeclimatechangeprojects.wordpress.com/climate-vulnerabilty-assessment/ ID - 23929 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Communities have the potential to function effectively and adapt successfully in the aftermath of disasters. Drawing upon literatures in several disciplines, we present a theory of resilience that encompasses contemporary understandings of stress, adaptation, wellness, and resource dynamics. Community resilience is a process linking a network of adaptive capacities (resources with dynamic attributes) to adaptation after a disturbance or adversity. Community adaptation is manifest in population wellness, defined as high and non-disparate levels of mental and behavioral health, functioning, and quality of life. Community resilience emerges from four primary sets of adaptive capacities—Economic Development, Social Capital, Information and Communication, and Community Competence—that together provide a strategy for disaster readiness. To build collective resilience, communities must reduce risk and resource inequities, engage local people in mitigation, create organizational linkages, boost and protect social supports, and plan for not having a plan, which requires flexibility, decision-making skills, and trusted sources of information that function in the face of unknowns. AU - Norris, Fran H. AU - Stevens, Susan P. AU - Pfefferbaum, Betty AU - Wyche, Karen F. AU - Pfefferbaum, Rose L. DO - 10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6 IS - 1-2 PY - 2008 SP - 127-150 ST - Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness T2 - American Journal of Community Psychology TI - Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness VL - 41 ID - 26461 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Norris, Joel R. AU - Allen, Robert J. AU - Evan, Amato T. AU - Zelinka, Mark D. AU - O’Dell, Christopher W. AU - Klein, Stephen A. DA - 08/04/print DO - 10.1038/nature18273 IS - 7614 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 72-75 ST - Evidence for climate change in the satellite cloud record T2 - Nature TI - Evidence for climate change in the satellite cloud record VL - 536 ID - 20894 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Norris, Tina AU - Vines, Paula L. AU - Hoeffel, Elizabeth M. CY - Washington, DC NV - C2010BR-10 PB - U.S. Census Bureau PY - 2012 ST - The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010 T2 - 2010 Census Briefs TI - The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010 UR - https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2012/dec/c2010br-10.html ID - 23910 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A method for deriving quantitative relationships between road slipperiness, traffic accident risk and winter road maintenance (WRM) activity is described. The method is also applied to data from an area in southern Sweden. If a specific type of road slipperiness represents a large accident risk despite high WRM activity it is important to increase public awareness during such periods. If the type of slipperiness represents a large accident risk but is accompanied by low WRM activity, it is also important to increase the WRM to reduce the accident risk. In the method, a road slipperiness classification, based on atmospheric processes, is used to classify the road conditions at the time an accident occurred. The road condition is classified either as non-slippery or as one out of 10 types of slipperiness. Data for the slipperiness classification are taken from the Swedish Road Weather Information System (RWIS). Results from this study show that the traffic accident risk was different for different types of road slipperiness. Highest accident risk was associated with road slipperiness due to rain or sleet on a frozen road surface. When accidents occurred in these situations, there was always high WRM activity. This indicates that, in order to reduce the accident rate during these situations, public awareness must be increased by providing information to drivers. The study also demonstrates the benefits of applying a standardized road slipperiness classification to all kinds of sources of road safety information, such as a RWIS, traffic accident reports and WRM reports. With a standardized and objective classification of the road conditions and digitally stored data, all evaluations are easily conducted. AU - Norrman, Jonas AU - Eriksson, Marie AU - Lindqvist, Sven DO - 10.3354/cr015185 IS - 3 PY - 2000 SP - 185-193 ST - Relationships between road slipperiness, traffic accident risk and winter road maintenance activity T2 - Climate Research TI - Relationships between road slipperiness, traffic accident risk and winter road maintenance activity VL - 15 ID - 24557 ER - TY - JOUR AU - North, M. P. AU - Stephens, S. L. AU - Collins, B. M. AU - Agee, J. K. AU - Aplet, G. AU - Franklin, J. F. AU - Fulé, P. Z. DO - 10.1126/science.aab2356 IS - 6254 PY - 2015 SP - 1280-1281 ST - Reform forest fire management T2 - Science TI - Reform forest fire management VL - 349 ID - 23837 ER - TY - WEB AU - Northeast Climate Hub PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture PY - 2017 ST - Building Resiliency at the Rockaways [web site] TI - Building Resiliency at the Rockaways [web site] UR - https://www.climatehubs.oce.usda.gov/archive/northeast/360/Rockaways.html ID - 26260 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) CY - Woods Hole, MA NV - NEFSC Reference Document 13-01 PB - NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service PY - 2013 SP - 41 ST - 55th Northeast Regional Stock Assessment Workshop (55th SAW): Assessment Summary Report TI - 55th Northeast Regional Stock Assessment Workshop (55th SAW): Assessment Summary Report UR - https://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/publications/crd/crd1301/crd1301.pdf ID - 21906 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) CY - Woods Hole, MA DO - 10.7289/V5/RD-NEFSC-17-03 NV - NEFSC Reference Document 17-03 PB - NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service PY - 2017 SP - 822 ST - 62nd Northeast Regional Stock Assessment Workshop (62nd SAW): Assessment Report TI - 62nd Northeast Regional Stock Assessment Workshop (62nd SAW): Assessment Report UR - https://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/publications/crd/crd1703/ ID - 26688 ER - TY - WEB AU - Northwest Harvest CY - Seattle, WA PB - Northwest Harvest PY - 2017 ST - WA Hunger Facts TI - WA Hunger Facts UR - http://www.northwestharvest.org/wa-hunger-facts ID - 24784 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Warming associated with urban development will be exacerbated in future years by temperature increases due to climate change. The strategic implementation of urban green infrastructure (UGI) e.g. street trees, parks, green roofs and facades can help achieve temperature reductions in urban areas while delivering diverse additional benefits such as pollution reduction and biodiversity habitat. Although the greatest thermal benefits of UGI are achieved in climates with hot, dry summers, there is comparatively little information available for land managers to determine an appropriate strategy for UGI implementation under these climatic conditions. We present a framework for prioritisation and selection of UGI for cooling. The framework is supported by a review of the scientific literature examining the relationships between urban geometry, UGI and temperature mitigation which we used to develop guidelines for UGI implementation that maximises urban surface temperature cooling. We focus particularly on quantifying the cooling benefits of four types of UGI: green open spaces (primarily public parks), shade trees, green roofs, and vertical greening systems (green walls and facades) and demonstrate how the framework can be applied using a case study from Melbourne, Australia. AU - Norton, Briony A. AU - Coutts, Andrew M. AU - Livesley, Stephen J. AU - Harris, Richard J. AU - Hunter, Annie M. AU - Williams, Nicholas S. G. DA - 2// DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.10.018 KW - Green infrastructure Adaptation Urban Climate change Heat Health N1 - non-US but may apply PY - 2015 SN - 0169-2046 SP - 127-138 ST - Planning for cooler cities: A framework to prioritise green infrastructure to mitigate high temperatures in urban landscapes T2 - Landscape and Urban Planning TI - Planning for cooler cities: A framework to prioritise green infrastructure to mitigate high temperatures in urban landscapes VL - 134 ID - 22807 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District (MSD) is a regional Special Sewer District that provides Wastewater and Stormwater services to the City of St. Louis and most of St. Louis County, Missouri. The service area includes a Combined Sewer System (CSS) in the City and the older portions of the County. In 2011, MSD completed a Combined Sewer Overflow Long-Term Control Plan (LTCP), which was formalized in a Consent Decree (CD) with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in April, 2012. MSD’s Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) control plan includes a $100 million CSO Volume Reduction Green Infrastructure Program in the areas of the City of St. Louis that flow toward the Mississippi River CSOs. MSD spent five years conducting a $3 million CSO Volume Reduction Green Infrastructure Pilot Program, culminating in a CD required final report completed in December 2015. The report explains what work was completed in the GI Pilot Program and the results, and outlines MSD’s plan for full implementation of the CSO Volume Reduction Green Infrastructure Program control measure. This presentation will briefly review the GI Pilot Program, with the main focus to discuss the findings of the GI Pilot Program and the plan for full-implementation of the $100 million CSO Volume Reduction Green Infrastructure Program. Included will be major components of the program, the expected reduction in CSO volume and use of an adaptive management approach to manage the CSO Volume Reduction Green Infrastructure Program through 2034.

Implementation of green infrastructure for CSO volume reduction is one of many ways green infrastructure can be strategized for use in urban areas. As a separate entity from the City of St. Louis, MSD's plan highlights the important role that collaboration must have in the implementation of the CSO Volume Reduction Green Infrastructure Program. The plan for full implementation of the CSO Volume Reduction Green Infrastructure Program was developed with critical consideration of public-private partnerships, support of planned use areas and encouraging development and redevelopment in the City of St. Louis. Found to be effective in the GI Pilot Program, these same strategies are applicable to other communities planning and implementing green infrastructure programs. AU - Norton, Melantha D. AU - Moore, Gary T. DA - // DO - 10.2175/193864717821494853 IS - 2 KW - Adaptive Management Public-Private Partnerships Consent Decree Combined Sewer Overflows Long Term Control Plan Green Infrastructure PY - 2017 SP - 61-81 ST - St. Louis MSD CSO Volume Reduction Green Infrastructure Program T2 - Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation TI - St. Louis MSD CSO Volume Reduction Green Infrastructure Program VL - 2017 ID - 26600 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Norton, Parker A. AU - Anderson, Mark T. AU - Stamm, John F. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/sir20145053 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2014 SN - Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5053 SP - 128 ST - Trends in Annual, Seasonal, and Monthly Streamflow Characteristics at 227 Streamgages in the Missouri River Watershed, Water Years 1960–2011 TI - Trends in Annual, Seasonal, and Monthly Streamflow Characteristics at 227 Streamgages in the Missouri River Watershed, Water Years 1960–2011 ID - 25939 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Norton, Richard K. AU - David, Nina P. AU - Buckman, Stephen AU - Koman, Patricia D. DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.11.049 PY - 2018 SP - 183-203 ST - Overlooking the coast: Limited local planning for coastal area management along Michigan’s Great Lakes T2 - Land Use Policy TI - Overlooking the coast: Limited local planning for coastal area management along Michigan’s Great Lakes VL - 71 ID - 21285 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Norton-Smith, Kathryn AU - Lynn, Kathy AU - Chief, Karletta AU - Cozzetto, Karen AU - Donatuto, Jamie AU - Redsteer, Margaret Hiza AU - Kruger, Linda E. AU - Maldonado, Julie AU - Viles, Carson AU - Whyte, Kyle P. CY - Portland, OR NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-944 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station PY - 2016 SP - 136 ST - Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples: A Synthesis of Current Impacts and Experiences TI - Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples: A Synthesis of Current Impacts and Experiences UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/53156 ID - 21324 ER - TY - BLOG AU - NOS PB - NOAA National Ocean Service (NOS) PY - 2016 ST - What is high tide flooding? T2 - Ocean Facts TI - What is high tide flooding? UR - https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html ID - 26034 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nosakhare, Osarodion K. AU - Aighewi, Isoken T. AU - Chi, Albert Y. AU - Ishaque, Ali B. AU - Mbamalu, Godwin DO - 10.2112/jcoastres-d-09-00074.1 IS - 1A PY - 2012 SP - 54-62 ST - Land use–land cover changes in the lower eastern shore watersheds and coastal bays of Maryland: 1986–2006 T2 - Journal of Coastal Research TI - Land use–land cover changes in the lower eastern shore watersheds and coastal bays of Maryland: 1986–2006 VL - 28 ID - 26218 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Noss, Reed F. C4 - 56b229a1-fc34-4010-9b6e-3ab94c77b49c CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2012 SN - 9781597264884 9781597264891 9781610912259 SP - 320 ST - Forgotten Grasslands of the South: Natural History and Conservation TI - Forgotten Grasslands of the South: Natural History and Conservation ID - 24362 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Noss, Reed F. AU - Platt, William J. AU - Sorrie, Bruce A. AU - Weakley, Alan S. AU - Means, D. Bruce AU - Costanza, Jennifer AU - Peet, Robert K. DO - 10.1111/ddi.12278 IS - 2 KW - Biodiversity conservation planning endemism hotspot prioritization PY - 2015 SN - 1472-4642 SP - 236-244 ST - How global biodiversity hotspots may go unrecognized: Lessons from the North American Coastal Plain T2 - Diversity and Distributions TI - How global biodiversity hotspots may go unrecognized: Lessons from the North American Coastal Plain VL - 21 ID - 24363 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Projections of regional climate, net basin supply (NBS), and water levels are developed for the mid- and late twenty-first century across the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. Two state-of-the-art global climate models (GCMs) are dynamically downscaled using a regional climate model (RCM) interactively coupled to a one-dimensional lake model, and then a hydrologic routing model is forced with time series of perturbed NBS. The dynamical downscaling and coupling with a lake model to represent the Great Lakes create added value beyond the parent GCM in terms of simulated seasonal cycles of temperature, precipitation, and surface fluxes. However, limitations related to this rudimentary treatment of the Great Lakes result in warm summer biases in lake temperatures, excessive ice cover, and an abnormally early peak in lake evaporation. While the downscaling of both GCMs led to consistent projections of increases in annual air temperature, precipitation, and all NBS components (overlake precipitation, basinwide runoff, and lake evaporation), the resulting projected water level trends are opposite in sign. Clearly, it is not sufficient to correctly simulate the signs of the projected change in each NBS component; one must also account for their relative magnitudes. The potential risk of more frequent episodes of lake levels below the low water datum, a critical shipping threshold, is explored. AU - Notaro, Michael AU - Bennington, Val AU - Lofgren, Brent DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-14-00847.1 IS - 24 KW - Geographic location/entity,Inland seas/lakes,Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena,Freshwater,Physical Meteorology and Climatology,Climate change,Hydrology,Models and modeling,Regional models,Variability,Climate variability PY - 2015 SP - 9721-9745 ST - Dynamical downscaling–based projections of Great Lakes water levels T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Dynamical downscaling–based projections of Great Lakes water levels VL - 28 ID - 21203 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The influence of the Laurentian Great Lakes on climate is assessed by comparing two decade-long simulations, with the lakes either included or excluded, using the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model, version 4. The Great Lakes dampen the variability in near-surface air temperature across the surrounding region while reducing the amplitude of the diurnal cycle and annual cycle of air temperature. The impacts of the Great Lakes on the regional surface energy budget include an increase (decrease) in turbulent fluxes during the cold (warm) season and an increase in surface downward shortwave radiation flux during summer due to diminished atmospheric moisture and convective cloud amount. Changes in the hydrologic budget due to the presence of the Great Lakes include increases in evaporation and precipitation during October–March and decreases during May–August, along with springtime reductions in snowmelt-related runoff. Circulation responses consist of a regionwide decrease in sea level pressure in autumn–winter and an increase in summer, with enhanced ascent and descent in the two seasons, respectively. The most pronounced simulated impact of the Great Lakes on synoptic systems traversing the basin is a weakening of cold-season anticyclones. AU - Notaro, Michael AU - Holman, Kathleen AU - Zarrin, Azar AU - Fluck, Elody AU - Vavrus, Steve AU - Bennington, Val DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00140.1 IS - 3 KW - Lake effects,Regional effects,Climate models,Regional models PY - 2013 SP - 789-804 ST - Influence of the Laurentian Great Lakes on regional climate T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Influence of the Laurentian Great Lakes on regional climate VL - 26 ID - 21202 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The central-eastern North American Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) to develop high-resolution projections of snowfall, snow depth, and winter severity index (WSI) by the middle and late twenty-first century. Here, projections of a cumulative WSI (CWSI) known to influence autumn–winter waterfowl migration are used to demonstrate the utility of SNOW-17 results. The application of statistically downscaled climate data and a snow model leads to a better representation of lake processes in the Great Lakes basin, topographic effects in the Appalachian Mountains, and spatial patterns of climatological snowfall, compared to the original GCMs. Annual mean snowfall is simulated to decline across the region, particularly in early winter (December–January), leading to a delay in the mean onset of the snow season. Because of a warming-induced acceleration of snowmelt, the percentage loss in snow depth exceeds that of snowfall. Across the Plains and Prairie Potholes LCC and the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes LCC, daily snowfall events are projected to become less common but more intense. The greatest reductions in the number of days per year with a present snowpack are expected close to the historical position of the −5°C isotherm in December–March, around 44°N. The CWSI is projected to decline substantially during December–January, leading to increased likelihood of delays in timing and intensity of autumn–winter waterfowl migrations. AU - Notaro, Michael AU - Lorenz, David AU - Hoving, Christopher AU - Schummer, Michael DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-13-00520.1 IS - 17 PY - 2014 SP - 6526-6550 ST - Twenty-first-century projections of snowfall and winter severity across central-eastern North America T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Twenty-first-century projections of snowfall and winter severity across central-eastern North America VL - 27 ID - 26219 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Notaro, Michael AU - Mauss, Adrien AU - Williams, John W DO - 10.1890/11-1269.1 IS - 4 PY - 2012 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 1365-1388 ST - Projected vegetation changes for the American Southwest: Combined dynamic modeling and bioclimatic‐envelope approach T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Projected vegetation changes for the American Southwest: Combined dynamic modeling and bioclimatic‐envelope approach VL - 22 ID - 22624 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Projected changes in the relative abundance and timing of autumn-winter migration are assessed for seven dabbling duck species across the Mississippi and Atlantic Flyways for the mid- and late 21st century. Species-specific observed relationships are established between cumulative weather severity in autumn-winter and duck population rate of change. Dynamically downscaled projections of weather severity are developed using a high-resolution regional climate model, interactively coupled to a one-dimensional lake model to represent the Great Lakes and associated lake-effect snowfall. Based on the observed relationships and downscaled climate projections of rising air temperatures and reduced snow cover, delayed autumn-winter migration is expected for all species, with the least delays for the Northern Pintail and the greatest delays for the Mallard. Indeed, the Mallard, the most common and widespread duck in North America, may overwinter in the Great Lakes region by the late 21st century. This highlights the importance of protecting and restoring wetlands across the mid-latitudes of North America, including the Great Lakes Basin, because dabbling ducks are likely to spend more time there, which would impact existing wetlands through increased foraging pressure. Furthermore, inconsistency in the timing and intensity of the traditional autumn-winter migration of dabbling ducks in the Mississippi and Atlantic Flyways could have social and economic consequences to communities to the south, where hunting and birdwatching would be affected. AU - Notaro, Michael AU - Schummer, Michael AU - Zhong, Yafang AU - Vavrus, Stephen AU - Van Den Elsen, Lena AU - Coluccy, John AU - Hoving, Christopher DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0167506 IS - 12 PY - 2016 SP - e0167506 ST - Projected influences of changes in weather severity on autumn-winter distributions of dabbling ducks in the Mississippi and Atlantic flyways during the twenty-first century T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Projected influences of changes in weather severity on autumn-winter distributions of dabbling ducks in the Mississippi and Atlantic flyways during the twenty-first century VL - 11 ID - 24364 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Notz, Dirk AU - Marotzke, Jochem DO - 10.1029/2012GL051094 IS - 8 KW - anthropogenic climate change attribution measurements sea ice 0750 Sea ice 1616 Climate variability 1621 Cryospheric change PY - 2012 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L08502 ST - Observations reveal external driver for Arctic sea-ice retreat T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Observations reveal external driver for Arctic sea-ice retreat VL - 39 ID - 20801 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Biochar additions to soils can improve soil-water storage capability; however, there is sparse information identifying feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions that maximize this improvement. Nine biochars were pyrolyzed from five feedstocks at two temperatures, and their physical and chemical properties were characterized. Biochars were mixed at 2% wt wt−1 into a Norfolk loamy sand (Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudult), a Declo silt loam (Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic xeric Haplocalcid), or a Warden silt loam (Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic xeric Haplocambid). Untreated soils served as controls. Soils were laboratory incubated in pots for 127 days and were leached about every 30 days with deionized water. Soil bulk densities were measured before each leaching event. For 6 days thereafter, pot-holding capacities (PHC) for water were determined gravimetrically and were used as a surrogate for soil-moisture contents. Water tension curves were also measured on the biochar-treated and untreated Norfolk soil. Biochar surface area, surface tension, ash, C, and Si contents, in general, increased when produced under higher pyrolytic temperatures (≥500°C). Both switchgrass biochars caused the most significant water PHC improvements in the Norfolk, Declo, and Warden soils compared with the controls. Norfolk soil-water tension results at 5 and 60 kPa corroborated that biochar from switchgrass caused the most significant moisture storage improvements. Significant correlation occurred between the PHC for water with soil bulk densities. In general, biochar amendments enhanced the moisture storage capacity of Ultisols and Aridisols, but the effect varied with feedstock selection and pyrolysis temperature. AU - Novak, Jeffrey M. AU - Busscher, Warren J. AU - Watts, Donald W. AU - Amonette, James E. AU - Ippolito, James A. AU - Lima, Isabel M. AU - Gaskin, Julia AU - Das, K. C. AU - Steiner, Christoph AU - Ahmedna, Mohamed AU - Rehrah, Djaafar AU - Schomberg, Harry DO - 10.1097/SS.0b013e31824e5593 IS - 5 KW - Aridisol biochar GRACEnet soil moisture Ultisol PY - 2012 SN - 0038-075X SP - 310-320 ST - Biochars impact on soil-moisture storage in an Ultisol and two Aridisols T2 - Soil Science TI - Biochars impact on soil-moisture storage in an Ultisol and two Aridisols VL - 177 ID - 25544 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Novick, Kimberly A. AU - Ficklin, Darren L. AU - Stoy, Paul C. AU - Williams, Christopher A. AU - Bohrer, Gil AU - Oishi, A.  Christopher AU - Papuga, Shirley A. AU - Blanken, Peter D. AU - Noormets, Asko AU - Sulman, Benjamin N. AU - Scott, Russell L. AU - Wang, Lixin AU - Phillips, Richard P. DA - 09/05/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3114 PY - 2016 SP - 1023-1027 ST - The increasing importance of atmospheric demand for ecosystem water and carbon fluxes T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - The increasing importance of atmospheric demand for ecosystem water and carbon fluxes VL - 6 ID - 23563 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nowacki, Gregory J. AU - Abrams, Marc D. DA - 2008/02/01 DO - 10.1641/B580207 IS - 2 PY - 2008 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 123-138 ST - The demise of fire and “mesophication” of forests in the eastern United States T2 - BioScience TI - The demise of fire and “mesophication” of forests in the eastern United States VL - 58 Y2 - 2017/10/17 ID - 21966 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nowak, David J. AU - Appleton, Nathaniel AU - Ellis, Alexis AU - Greenfield, Eric DA - 2017/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ufug.2016.12.004 KW - Air quality Ecosystem services Energy use Pollutant emissions Urban forestry PY - 2017 SN - 1618-8667 SP - 158-165 ST - Residential building energy conservation and avoided power plant emissions by urban and community trees in the United States T2 - Urban Forestry & Urban Greening TI - Residential building energy conservation and avoided power plant emissions by urban and community trees in the United States VL - 21 ID - 23185 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nowak, D.J. AU - Greenfield, E.J. DO - 10.1016/j.ufug.2011.11.005 IS - 1 KW - added by ERG PY - 2012 SP - 21-30 ST - Tree and impervious cover change in US cities T2 - Urban Forestry & Urban Greening TI - Tree and impervious cover change in US cities VL - 11 ID - 23125 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nowak, David J. AU - Greenfield, Eric J. AU - Hoehn, Robert E. AU - Lapoint, Elizabeth DA - 2013/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.019 KW - Ecosystem services Global climate change Urban forestry Tree cover Forest inventory PY - 2013 SN - 0269-7491 SP - 229-236 ST - Carbon storage and sequestration by trees in urban and community areas of the United States T2 - Environmental Pollution TI - Carbon storage and sequestration by trees in urban and community areas of the United States VL - 178 ID - 26601 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nowak, David J. AU - Hirabayashi, Satoshi AU - Bodine, Allison AU - Greenfield, Eric DA - 2014/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.028 KW - Air pollution removal Air quality Ecosystem services Human mortality Urban forests PY - 2014 SN - 0269-7491 SP - 119-129 ST - Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States T2 - Environmental Pollution TI - Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States VL - 193 ID - 23186 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Nowak, David J. AU - Hoehn III, Robert E. AU - Bodine, Allison R. AU - Crane, Daniel E. AU - Dwyer, John F. AU - Bonnewell, Veta AU - Watson, Gary CY - Newtown Square, PA DO - 10.2737/NRS-RB-84 PB - USDA, Forest Service, Northern Research Station PY - 2013 SN - Resource Bulletin NRS-84 SP - 106 ST - Urban Trees and Forests of the Chicago Region TI - Urban Trees and Forests of the Chicago Region UR - https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/44566 ID - 26602 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NPS C6 - NCA CY - Fort Collins, CO PB - U.S. National Park Service Climate Change Response Program PY - 2010 SP - 36 ST - National Park Service Climate Change Response Strategy TI - National Park Service Climate Change Response Strategy UR - http://www.nature.nps.gov/climatechange/docs/NPS_CCRS.pdf ID - 14780 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NPS NV - NPS/CATO/841/121094 PB - U.S. Departmentt of the Interior, National Park Service (NPS) PY - 2013 SP - 100 ST - Catoctin Mountain Park Resource Stewardship Strategy TI - Catoctin Mountain Park Resource Stewardship Strategy UR - https://www.nps.gov/cato/learn/management/upload/CATO_FINAL_Resource-Stewardship-Strategy_6-21-2013.pdf ID - 23484 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NPS CY - Staten Island, NY PB - U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service (NPS) PY - 2016 SP - 96 ST - Relocate Hurricane Sandy Damaged Maintenance Facilities to More Sustainable Locations T2 - Environmental Assessment TI - Relocate Hurricane Sandy Damaged Maintenance Facilities to More Sustainable Locations UR - https://parkplanning.nps.gov/showFile.cfm?projectID=49465&MIMEType=application%252Fpdf&filename=Relocated%20Hurricane%20Sandy%20Damaged%20Maintenance%20Facilities%20EA%5F05%5F03%5F2016%20%282%29%2Epdf&sfid=242229 ID - 26282 ER - TY - WEB AU - NPS CY - Yellowstone National Park M1 - April 5 PB - National Park Service (NPS) PY - 2017 ST - Wolf Restoration [web page] TI - Wolf Restoration [web page] UR - https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/wolf-restoration.htm VL - 2018 ID - 25302 ER - TY - BOOK AU - NRC C4 - 351fbf4f-480e-450e-9cc3-9cecd429f564 CY - Washington, DC PB - Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Committee on Twenty-First Century Systems Agriculture. The National Academies Press PY - 2008 SN - 978-0-309-11306-9 SP - 280 ST - Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Transportation. Special Report 290 TI - Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Transportation. Special Report 290 UR - http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12179 ID - 14796 ER - TY - BOOK AU - NRC C4 - 7ab8b14a-38c7-4128-b0e3-fe1ab65edac0 CY - Washington, DC PB - National Research Council, Panel on Strategies and Methods for Climate-Related Decision Support, Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. National Academies Press PY - 2009 SP - 200 ST - Informing Decisions in a Changing Climate TI - Informing Decisions in a Changing Climate UR - http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12626 Y2 - February 24, 2012 ID - 14800 ER - TY - BOOK AU - NRC C4 - a230ab8f-a284-491a-91cd-45d7b8b32bdf CY - Washington, DC PB - National Research Council, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Academies Press PY - 2010 SP - 348 ST - Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change. America’s Climate Choices: Panel on Informing Effective Decisions and Actions Related to Climate Change TI - Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change. America’s Climate Choices: Panel on Informing Effective Decisions and Actions Related to Climate Change UR - http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12784 ID - 14812 ER - TY - BOOK AU - NRC C4 - 7731977c-70ab-4f6e-bec2-272357e4f71c CY - Washington, DC PB - National Research Council. The National Academies Press PY - 2011 SP - 144 ST - America’s Climate Choices TI - America’s Climate Choices UR - http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12781 ID - 14817 ER - TY - BOOK AU - NRC C4 - d0ca25ff-c211-4ac3-bea8-0dede9fe1a70 CY - Washington, DC PB - National Academies Press PY - 2012 SP - 244 ST - Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative TI - Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative ID - 19143 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Climate is changing, forced out of the range of the past million years by levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not seen in the Earth's atmosphere for a very, very long time. Lacking action by the world's nations, it is clear that the planet will be warmer, sea level will rise, and patterns of rainfall will change. But the future is also partly uncertain -- there is considerable uncertainty about how we will arrive at that different climate. Will the changes be gradual, allowing natural systems and societal infrastructure to adjust in a timely fashion? Or will some of the changes be more abrupt, crossing some threshold or "tipping point" to change so fast that the time between when a problem is recognized and when action is required shrinks to the point where orderly adaptation is not possible? Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change is an updated look at the issue of abrupt climate change and its potential impacts. This study differs from previous treatments of abrupt changes by focusing on abrupt climate changes and also abrupt climate impacts that have the potential to severely affect the physical climate system, natural systems, or human systems, often affecting multiple interconnected areas of concern. The primary timescale of concern is years to decades. A key characteristic of these changes is that they can come faster than expected, planned, or budgeted for, forcing more reactive, rather than proactive, modes of behavior. Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change summarizes the state of our knowledge about potential abrupt changes and abrupt climate impacts and categorizes changes that are already occurring, have a high probability of occurrence, or are unlikely to occur. Because of the substantial risks to society and nature posed by abrupt changes, this report recommends the development of an Abrupt Change Early Warning System that would allow for the prediction and possible mitigation of such changes before their societal impacts are severe. Identifying key vulnerabilities can help guide efforts to increase resiliency and avoid large damages from abrupt change in the climate system, or in abrupt impacts of gradual changes in the climate system, and facilitate more informed decisions on the proper balance between mitigation and adaptation. Although there is still much to learn about abrupt climate change and abrupt climate impacts, to willfully ignore the threat of abrupt change could lead to more costs, loss of life, suffering, and environmental degradation. Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change makes the case that the time is here to be serious about the threat of tipping points so as to better anticipate and prepare ourselves for the inevitable surprises. AU - NRC C4 - 3dcd5a73-de83-4b37-884a-5236407c170e CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/18373 KW - Earth Sciences LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2013 SN - 978-0-309-28773-9 SP - 222 ST - Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change: Anticipating Surprises TI - Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change: Anticipating Surprises ID - 20103 ER - TY - WEB AU - NRCS PB - USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PY - 2017 ST - Plant profile: Allium tricoccum Aiton ramp TI - Plant profile: Allium tricoccum Aiton ramp UR - https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ALTR3 ID - 24453 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NREL CY - Denver, CO NV - NREL/BR-6A20-62631 PB - National Renewable Energy Laboratory PY - 2014 SP - 12 ST - Distributed Solar PV for Electricity System Resiliency: Policy and Regulatory Considerations TI - Distributed Solar PV for Electricity System Resiliency: Policy and Regulatory Considerations UR - https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy15osti/62631.pdf ID - 21373 ER - TY - WEB AU - NSIDC CY - Boulder, CO M1 - August 8, 2017 PB - National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) PY - 2017 ST - Sea ice index TI - Sea ice index UR - https://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index/ ID - 22266 ER - TY - JOUR AB -

The characterization of Pacific Islands as especially vulnerable to climate change often undervalues the cultural resilience of their inhabitants. On many Micronesian islands, coastal stone-built structures are the most visible type of tangible cultural resilience and have endured for perhaps 1000 years or more. A distinction is recognized between older structures, likely built in response to sea-level rise during the Medieval Warm Period (AD 750–1250), and more recent structures that likely took advantage of the lowered sea level during the Little Ice Age (AD 1350–1800). Detailed studies of Micronesian responses to recent coastal change were undertaken in the islands of Yap (Proper). The positioning and maintenance of coastal men’s houses (faluw) reflect either pragmatic responses to unmanageable coastal change or a cultural determination to resist this. The long history of traditional responses to climate variability and coastal change for terrestrial food production on Yap is also discussed. Future adaptation pathways on Yap and other higher islands in Micronesia need to combine scientific knowledge of climate change with traditional responses to historical change, including the stonework tradition and the cultural determination to resist undesired coastal change.

AU - Nunn, Patrick D. AU - Runman, John AU - Falanruw, Margie AU - Kumar, Roselyn DA - 2016/04/19/ DO - 10.1007/s10113-016-0950-2 DP - www.infona.pl IS - 17 LA - English PY - 2016 SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X SP - 959-971 ST - Culturally grounded responses to coastal change on islands in the Federated States of Micronesia, northwest Pacific Ocean T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - Culturally grounded responses to coastal change on islands in the Federated States of Micronesia, northwest Pacific Ocean VL - 4 Y2 - 2017/09/25/23:51:45 ID - 22485 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Nurse, L. A. AU - McLean, R. F. AU - Agard, J. AU - Briguglio, L. P. AU - Duvat-Magnan, V. AU - Pelesikoti, N. AU - Tompkins, E. AU - Webb, A. C4 - 69d2444f-ce49-4b08-8cb4-3eb33fbef6ff CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 29 SP - 1613-1654 ST - Small islands T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Small islands ID - 17694 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Nuuhiwa, Kalei AU - Lilly, Olani AU - Nobrega-Olivera, Malia AU - Huihui, Micky CY - [Honolulu, HI] DA - 2016 PB - LAMA & Kama‘aha Education Initiative PY - 2016 SP - 15 ST - ʻAimalama: E Mauliauhonua—Readapting to Ancestral Knowledge for Survival TI - ʻAimalama: E Mauliauhonua—Readapting to Ancestral Knowledge for Survival UR - http://www.aimalama.org/wp-content/uploads/%CA%BBAimalama-%E2%80%93-E-Mauliauhonua.pdf ID - 22486 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NW Council CY - Portland, OR NV - Document 2016-02 PB - Northwest Power and Conservation Council (NW Council) PY - 2016 SP - various ST - Seventh Northwest Conservation and Electic Power Plan TI - Seventh Northwest Conservation and Electic Power Plan UR - https://www.nwcouncil.org/energy/powerplan/7/plan/ ID - 24785 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NWS CY - Kansas City, MO and Salt Lake City, UT PB - NOAA National Weather Service PY - 2012 SN - Service Assessment SP - various ST - The Missouri/Souris River Floods of May–August 2011 TI - The Missouri/Souris River Floods of May–August 2011 UR - https://www.weather.gov/media/publications/assessments/Missouri_floods11.pdf ID - 26711 ER - TY - WEB AU - NWS CY - San Juan, PR M1 - July 6, 2018 PB - NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) PY - 2013 ST - Rainfall Record San Juan: Tropical Wave Brought New Climate Records TI - Rainfall Record San Juan: Tropical Wave Brought New Climate Records UR - https://www.weather.gov/sju/rainfallrecord_0718 ID - 26443 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NWS CY - Silver Spring, MD NV - Service Assessment PB - NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) PY - 2016 SP - various ST - The Historic South Carolina Floods of October 1–5, 2015 TI - The Historic South Carolina Floods of October 1–5, 2015 UR - https://www.weather.gov/media/publications/assessments/SCFlooding_072216_Signed_Final.pdf ID - 23188 ER - TY - WEB AU - NWS CY - San Juan, PR PB - NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) PY - 2017 ST - Major Hurricane Maria - September 20, 2017 TI - Major Hurricane Maria - September 20, 2017 UR - https://www.weather.gov/sju/maria2017 ID - 26096 ER - TY - WEB AU - NWS CY - Tallahassee, FL PB - NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) PY - 2017 ST - Detailed Meteorological Summary on Hurricane Irma [web page] TI - Detailed Meteorological Summary on Hurricane Irma [web page] UR - https://www.weather.gov/tae/Irma_technical_summary ID - 26333 ER - TY - WEB AU - NWS M1 - October PB - NOAA National Weather Service PY - 2017 ST - NWS Forecast Office: Anchorage, AK TI - NWS Forecast Office: Anchorage, AK UR - http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pafc ID - 26729 ER - TY - WEB AU - NWS CY - Key West, FL M1 - February 27 PB - NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) PY - 2018 ST - What Are Heating and Cooling Degree Days [web page] TI - What Are Heating and Cooling Degree Days [web page] UR - https://www.weather.gov/key/climate_heat_cool VL - 2018 ID - 26332 ER - TY - WEB AU - NWS CY - San Juan, PR PB - NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) PY - 2018 ST - Average Rainfall Statistics: San Juan, PR TI - Average Rainfall Statistics: San Juan, PR UR - https://www.weather.gov/sju/averagerainfall ID - 26702 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NWS CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) PY - 2018 SP - 1 ST - 2017 Summary of Hazardous Weather Fatalities, Injuries, and Damage Costs by State TI - 2017 Summary of Hazardous Weather Fatalities, Injuries, and Damage Costs by State UR - http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hazstats/state17.pdf ID - 26703 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NY Power Authority AU - Puerto Rico Electic Power Authority AU - Others CY - New York PY - 2017 SP - various ST - Build Back Better: Reimagining and Strengthening the Power Grid of Puerto Rico TI - Build Back Better: Reimagining and Strengthening the Power Grid of Puerto Rico UR - https://www.governor.ny.gov/sites/governor.ny.gov/files/atoms/files/PRERWG_Report_PR_Grid_Resiliency_Report.pdf ID - 26442 ER - TY - RPRT AU - NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency CY - New York City PB - Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency PY - 2018 SP - 56 ST - Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0 TI - Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0 UR - http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf ID - 25629 ER - TY - WEB AU - NYC Parks CY - New York M1 - 15 September PB - New York City Parks PY - 2017 SP - 5 ST - Why Plant Trees? TI - Why Plant Trees? UR - http://www.nyc.gov/html/mancb3/downloads/resources/NYC%20Street%20Tree%20Overview.pdf VL - 2017 ID - 25628 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nye, J.A. AU - Link, J.S. AU - Hare, J.A. AU - Overholtz, W.J. C6 - NCA DA - October 30, 2009 DO - 10.3354/meps08220 PY - 2009 SN - 0171-8630 SP - 111-129 ST - Changing spatial distribution of fish stocks in relation to climate and population size on the Northeast United States continental shelf T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series TI - Changing spatial distribution of fish stocks in relation to climate and population size on the Northeast United States continental shelf VL - 393 ID - 14839 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent studies concerning the possible relationship between climate trends and the risks of violent conflict have yielded contradictory results, partly because of choices of conflict measures and modeling design. In this study, we examine climate–conflict relationships using a geographically disaggregated approach. We consider the effects of climate change to be both local and national in character, and we use a conflict database that contains 16,359 individual geolocated violent events for East Africa from 1990 to 2009. Unlike previous studies that relied exclusively on political and economic controls, we analyze the many geographical factors that have been shown to be important in understanding the distribution and causes of violence while also considering yearly and country fixed effects. For our main climate indicators at gridded 1° resolution (∼100 km), wetter deviations from the precipitation norms decrease the risk of violence, whereas drier and normal periods show no effects. The relationship between temperature and conflict shows that much warmer than normal temperatures raise the risk of violence, whereas average and cooler temperatures have no effect. These precipitation and temperature effects are statistically significant but have modest influence in terms of predictive power in a model with political, economic, and physical geographic predictors. Large variations in the climate–conflict relationships are evident between the nine countries of the study region and across time periods. AU - O’Loughlin, John AU - Witmer, Frank D. W. AU - Linke, Andrew M. AU - Laing, Arlene AU - Gettelman, Andrew AU - Dudhia, Jimy DA - November 6, 2012 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1205130109 IS - 45 PY - 2012 SP - 18344-18349 ST - Climate variability and conflict risk in East Africa, 1990–2009 T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climate variability and conflict risk in East Africa, 1990–2009 VL - 109 ID - 22059 ER - TY - JOUR AU - O’Neel, Shad AU - Hood, Eran AU - Arendt, Anthony AU - Sass, Louis DA - 2014// DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-1042-7 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 329-341 ST - Assessing streamflow sensitivity to variations in glacier mass balance T2 - Climatic Change TI - Assessing streamflow sensitivity to variations in glacier mass balance VL - 123 ID - 22268 ER - TY - JOUR AU - O’Neil, J. M. AU - Davis, T. W. AU - Burford, M. A. AU - Gobler, C. J. DO - 10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.027 KW - Climate change Cyanobacteria CyanoHABs Eutrophication Harmful algae blooms Toxins PY - 2012 SN - 1568-9883 SP - 313-334 ST - The rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms: The potential roles of eutrophication and climate change T2 - Harmful Algae TI - The rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms: The potential roles of eutrophication and climate change VL - 14 ID - 19035 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The new scenario framework for climate change research envisions combining pathways of future radiative forcing and their associated climate changes with alternative pathways of socioeconomic development in order to carry out research on climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. Here we propose a conceptual framework for how to define and develop a set of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for use within the scenario framework. We define SSPs as reference pathways describing plausible alternative trends in the evolution of society and ecosystems over a century timescale, in the absence of climate change or climate policies. We introduce the concept of a space of challenges to adaptation and to mitigation that should be spanned by the SSPs, and discuss how particular trends in social, economic, and environmental development could be combined to produce such outcomes. A comparison to the narratives from the scenarios developed in the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) illustrates how a starting point for developing SSPs can be defined. We suggest initial development of a set of basic SSPs that could then be extended to meet more specific purposes, and envision a process of application of basic and extended SSPs that would be iterative and potentially lead to modification of the original SSPs themselves. AU - O’Neill, Brian C. AU - Kriegler, Elmar AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Hallegatte, Stephane AU - Carter, Timothy R. AU - Mathur, Ritu AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0905-2 IS - 3 PY - 2014 SN - 0165-0009 1573-1480 SP - 387-400 ST - A new scenario framework for climate change research: The concept of shared socioeconomic pathways T2 - Climatic Change TI - A new scenario framework for climate change research: The concept of shared socioeconomic pathways VL - 122 ID - 16544 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Understanding how impacts may differ across alternative levels of future climate change is necessary to inform mitigation and adaptation measures. The Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE) project assesses the differences in impacts between two specific climate futures: a higher emissions future with global average temperature increasing about 3.7 °C above pre-industrial levels toward the end of the century and a moderate emissions future with global average warming of about 2.5 °C. BRACE studies in this special issue quantify avoided impacts on physical, managed, and societal systems in terms of extreme events, health, agriculture, and tropical cyclones. Here we describe the conceptual framework and design of BRACE and synthesize its results. Methodologically, the project combines climate modeling, statistical analysis, and impact assessment and draws heavily on large ensembles using the Community Earth System Model. It addresses uncertainty in future societal change by employing two pathways for future socioeconomic development. Results show that the benefits of reduced climate change within this framework vary substantially across types of impacts. In many cases, especially related to extreme heat events, there are substantial benefits to mitigation. The benefits for some heat extremes are statistically significant in some regions as early as the 2020s and are widespread by mid-century. Benefits are more modest for agriculture and exposure to some health risks. Benefits are negative for agriculture when CO2 fertilization is incorporated. For several societal impacts, the effect on outcomes of alternative future societal development pathways is substantially larger than the effect of the two climate scenarios. AU - O’Neill, Brian C. AU - M. Done, James AU - Gettelman, Andrew AU - Lawrence, Peter AU - Lehner, Flavio AU - Lamarque, Jean-Francois AU - Lin, Lei AU - J. Monaghan, Andrew AU - Oleson, Keith AU - Ren, Xiaolin AU - M. Sanderson, Benjamin AU - Tebaldi, Claudia AU - Weitzel, Matthias AU - Xu, Yangyang AU - Anderson, Brooke AU - Fix, Miranda J. AU - Levis, Samuel DA - July 26 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2009-x M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 ST - The Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE): A synthesis T2 - Climatic Change TI - The Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE): A synthesis ID - 24077 ER - TY - JOUR AU - O’Riordan, Timothy AU - Jordan, Andrew DA - 1999/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/S0959-3780(98)00030-2 IS - 2 KW - Institutions Cultural theory New institutionalism Climate change Policy PY - 1999 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 81-93 ST - Institutions, climate change and cultural theory: Towards a common analytical framework T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Institutions, climate change and cultural theory: Towards a common analytical framework VL - 9 ID - 26462 ER - TY - JOUR AU - O’Shaughnessy, Susan A. AU - Colaizzi, Paul D. DO - 10.3390/agronomy7040068 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SN - 2073-4395 SP - 68 ST - Performance of precision mobile drip irrigation in the Texas High Plains region T2 - Agronomy TI - Performance of precision mobile drip irrigation in the Texas High Plains region VL - 7 ID - 25542 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The majority of irrigated cropland in the U.S. is watered with sprinkler irrigation systems. These systems are inherently more efficient in distributing water than furrow or flood irrigation. Appropriate system design of sprinkler irrigation equipment, application methods, and farming practices (e.g., furrow diking) enhance crop water use efficiency (WUE) by minimizing irrigation losses and improving soil water storage. For years, the paradigm for best irrigation management practices included uniform application over an entire field, even though abiotic (soils, slope, aspect, etc.) and biotic (insect pressure, plant disease) factors often cause spatial variations in water use and yield potential. However, emerging technologies such as wireless communication coupled with soil water and plant sensors, commercially available variable-rate irrigation (VRI) equipment, and the development of algorithms for computational data processing are shifting this paradigm toward variable-rate management as a means to enhance crop WUE. This article focuses on the potential of site-specific VRI management (SS-VRIM) as a tool for enhancing WUE and the challenges encountered. AU - O’Shaughnessy, Susan A AU - Evett, Steven R. AU - Andrade, Alejandro AU - Workneh, Fekede AU - Price, Jacob A. AU - Rush, Charles M. DO - 10.13031/trans.59.11165 IS - 1 KW - Irrigation management Moving irrigation systems Prescription maps Sensor networks Variable-rate irrigation. PY - 2016 SN - 2151-0032 SP - 239 ST - Site-specific variable-rate irrigation as a means to enhance water use efficiency T2 - Transactions of the ASABE TI - Site-specific variable-rate irrigation as a means to enhance water use efficiency VL - 59 ID - 25543 ER - TY - RPRT AU - ODOT AU - OHA CY - Salem, OR PB - Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) and Oregon Health Authority (OHA) PY - 2016 SP - 8 ST - How Tillamook Weathered the Storm: A Case Study on Creating Climate Resilience on Oregon’s North Coast TI - How Tillamook Weathered the Storm: A Case Study on Creating Climate Resilience on Oregon’s North Coast UR - https://digital.osl.state.or.us/islandora/object/osl:83499 ID - 24789 ER - TY - BOOK AU - OECD C4 - ee06ca45-6d95-4e90-98e1-290bbe7d4cb1 CY - Paris DO - 10.1787/9789264235410-en PB - OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Publishing PY - 2015 SP - 140 ST - The Economic Consequences of Climate Change TI - The Economic Consequences of Climate Change ID - 24471 ER - TY - BOOK AU - OECD AU - Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations C4 - 7981b9f8-de54-45d9-9669-ed94dfa87bf8 CY - Paris DO - 10.1787/agr_outlook-2017-en PB - OECD Publishing PY - 2017 SN - 9789264297807 (HTML) 9789264275508 (PDF) 9789264275485 (EPUB) SP - 150 ST - OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2017-2026 TI - OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2017-2026 UR - https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/publication/agr_outlook-2017-en ID - 26069 ER - TY - WEB AU - Office for Coastal Management CY - Silver Spring, MD PB - NOAA National Ocean Service PY - 2018 ST - C-CAP FTP Tool: An interface for downloading land cover data TI - C-CAP FTP Tool: An interface for downloading land cover data UR - https://www.coast.noaa.gov/ccapftp ID - 26094 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Office of Columbia River CY - Union Gap, WA NV - Publication No. 16-12-001 PB - Washington State Department of Ecology PY - 2016 SP - 189 ST - 2016 Columbia River Basin Long-Term Water Supply and Demand Forecast TI - 2016 Columbia River Basin Long-Term Water Supply and Demand Forecast UR - https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1612001.html ID - 24761 ER - TY - WEB AU - Office of Community Development PB - State of Louisiana PY - 2018 ST - Isle de Jean Charles Resettlement Project TI - Isle de Jean Charles Resettlement Project UR - http://isledejeancharles.la.gov/ ID - 26336 ER - TY - WEB AU - Office of Insular Affairs CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of the Interior PY - 2018 ST - Definitions of Insular Area Political Organizations [web site] TI - Definitions of Insular Area Political Organizations [web site] UR - https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/politicatypes ID - 26157 ER - TY - GOVDOC AU - Office of Management and Budget CY - Washington, DC PB - Executive Office of the President PY - 2017 SP - 6 TI - Letter to Honorable Michael R. Pence, October 4, 2017 UR - https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/letter_regarding_additional_funding_and_reforms_to_address_impacts_of_recent_natural_disasters.pdf ID - 25480 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Office of Sustainability & Environment CY - Seattle, WA PY - 2017 SP - 78 ST - Preparing for Climate Change TI - Preparing for Climate Change UR - https://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/Environment/ClimateChange/SEAClimatePreparedness_August2017.pdf ID - 26538 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ogden, Nick H. AU - Lindsay, L. Robbin DO - 10.1016/j.pt.2016.04.015 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SN - 1471-4922 SP - 646-656 ST - Effects of climate and climate change on vectors and vector-borne diseases: Ticks are different T2 - Trends in Parasitology TI - Effects of climate and climate change on vectors and vector-borne diseases: Ticks are different VL - 32 Y2 - 2018/08/23 ID - 26109 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ogden, Nicholas H. AU - Lindsay, L. Robbin AU - Leighton, Patrick A. DO - 10.1111/1365-2664.12050 IS - 2 KW - Borrelia burgdorferi emerging infectious disease invasion Ixodes scapularis surveillance PY - 2013 SN - 1365-2664 SP - 510-518 ST - Predicting the rate of invasion of the agent of Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi T2 - Journal of Applied Ecology TI - Predicting the rate of invasion of the agent of Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi VL - 50 ID - 21184 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ogden, Nicholas H. AU - Radojević, Milka AU - Wu, Xiaotian AU - Duvvuri, Venkata R. AU - Leighton, Patrick A. AU - Wu, Jianhong DO - 10.1289/ehp.1307799 N1 - Ch4,9 PY - 2014 SN - 0091-6765 SP - 631-638 ST - Estimated effects of projected climate change on the basic reproductive number of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Estimated effects of projected climate change on the basic reproductive number of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis VL - 122 ID - 16160 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Groundwater pumping chronically exceeds natural recharge in many agricultural regions in California. A common method of recharging groundwater — when surface water is available — is to deliberately flood an open area, allowing water to percolate into an aquifer. However, open land suitable for this type of recharge is scarce. Flooding agricultural land during fallow or dormant periods has the potential to increase groundwater recharge substantially, but this approach has not been well studied. Using data on soils, topography and crop type, we developed a spatially explicit index of the suitability for groundwater recharge of land in all agricultural regions in California. We identified 3.6 million acres of agricultural land statewide as having Excellent or Good potential for groundwater recharge. The index provides preliminary guidance about the locations where groundwater recharge on agricultural land is likely to be feasible. A variety of institutional, infrastructure and other issues must also be addressed before this practice can be implemented widely. AU - O'Geen, A. T. AU - Saal, Matthew B. B. AU - Dahlke, Helen E. AU - Doll, David A. AU - Elkins, Rachel B. AU - Fulton, Allan AU - Fogg, Graham E. AU - Harter, Thomas AU - Hopmans, Jan W. AU - Ingels, Chuck AU - Niederholzer, Franz J. AU - Sandoval Solis, Samuel AU - Verdegaal, Paul S. AU - Walkinshaw, Mike DO - 10.3733/ca.v069n02p75 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SN - 0008-0845 SP - 75-84 ST - Soil suitability index identifies potential areas for groundwater banking on agricultural lands T2 - California Agriculture TI - Soil suitability index identifies potential areas for groundwater banking on agricultural lands VL - 69 ID - 23838 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change can influence consumer populations both directly, by affecting survival and reproduction, and indirectly, by altering resources. However, little is known about the relative importance of direct and indirect effects, particularly for species important to ecosystem functioning, like pollinators. We used structural equation modelling to test the importance of direct and indirect (via floral resources) climate effects on the interannual abundance of three subalpine bumble bee species. In addition, we used long‐term data to examine how climate and floral resources have changed over time. Over 8 years, bee abundances were driven primarily by the indirect effects of climate on the temporal distribution of floral resources. Over 43 years, aspects of floral phenology changed in ways that indicate species‐specific effects on bees. Our study suggests that climate‐driven alterations in floral resource phenology can play a critical role in governing bee population responses to global change. AU - Ogilvie, Jane E. AU - Griffin, Sean R. AU - Gezon, Zachariah J. AU - Inouye, Brian D. AU - Underwood, Nora AU - Inouye, David W. AU - Irwin, Rebecca E. DO - 10.1111/ele.12854 IS - 12 PY - 2017 SP - 1507-1515 ST - Interannual bumble bee abundance is driven by indirect climate effects on floral resource phenology T2 - Ecology Letters TI - Interannual bumble bee abundance is driven by indirect climate effects on floral resource phenology VL - 20 ID - 25695 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Oglala Lakota Nation CY - Pine Ridge, SD PB - Oyate Omniciye Consortium and Steering Committee PY - 2012 SP - 269 ST - Oyate Omniciyé: Oglala Lakota Plan. The Official Regional Sustainable Development Plan of the Oglala Sioux Tribe TI - Oyate Omniciyé: Oglala Lakota Plan. The Official Regional Sustainable Development Plan of the Oglala Sioux Tribe UR - http://www.oglalalakotaplan.org/ ID - 21680 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global warming is expected to lead to a large increase in atmospheric water vapor content and to changes in the hydrological cycle, which include an intensification of precipitation extremes. The intensity of precipitation extremes is widely held to increase proportionately to the increase in atmospheric water vapor content. Here, we show that this is not the case in 21st-century climate change scenarios simulated with climate models. In the tropics, precipitation extremes are not simulated reliably and do not change consistently among climate models; in the extratropics, they consistently increase more slowly than atmospheric water vapor content. We give a physical basis for how precipitation extremes change with climate and show that their changes depend on changes in the moist-adiabatic temperature lapse rate, in the upward velocity, and in the temperature when precipitation extremes occur. For the tropics, the theory suggests that improving the simulation of upward velocities in climate models is essential for improving predictions of precipitation extremes; for the extratropics, agreement with theory and the consistency among climate models increase confidence in the robustness of predictions of precipitation extremes under climate change. AU - O'Gorman, Paul A. AU - Schneider, Tapio DA - September 1, 2009 DO - 10.1073/pnas.0907610106 IS - 35 PY - 2009 SP - 14773-14777 ST - The physical basis for increases in precipitation extremes in simulations of 21st-century climate change T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - The physical basis for increases in precipitation extremes in simulations of 21st-century climate change VL - 106 ID - 23967 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oh, Youmi AU - Stackhouse, Brandon AU - Lau, Maggie C. Y. AU - Xu, Xiangtao AU - Trugman, Anna T. AU - Moch, Jonathan AU - Onstott, Tullis C. AU - Jørgensen, Christian J. AU - D'Imperio, Ludovica AU - Elberling, Bo AU - Emmerton, Craig A. AU - St. Louis, Vincent L. AU - Medvigy, David DO - 10.1002/2016GL069049 IS - 10 KW - methane models arctic terrestrial methane sink high-affinity methanotrophy microbial biomass changes mineral cryosols 0414 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 0438 Diel, seasonal, and annual cycles 0466 Modeling 0475 Permafrost, cryosphere, and high-latitude processes 0490 Trace gases PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 5143-5150 ST - A scalable model for methane consumption in Arctic mineral soils T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - A scalable model for methane consumption in Arctic mineral soils VL - 43 ID - 20802 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forest management faces an uncertain future with changing climates and disturbance regimes. Multi-aged forest management systems represent a promising approach for increasing resistance and resilience, thereby limiting major disruptions to timber production and other ecosystem services. Multi-aged stands inherently have greater resistance and resilience to disturbances because of the presence of several age classes and more potential pathways for post-disturbance management and recovery. The preponderance of research also indicates few differences in productivity between multi-aged and even-aged management strategies. These factors combined suggest that increased adoption of multi-aged management systems will lead to a reduction in long-term risks. We advocate a disturbance integration management strategy that encourages managers to emulate disturbance effects with management, anticipate disturbances in planning, integrate the management of residual stand structures into salvage operations and build variable treatment intervals or cutting cycles into management regimes. AU - O'Hara, Kevin L. AU - Ramage, Benjamin S. DO - 10.1093/forestry/cpt012 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SN - 0015-752X SP - 401-410 ST - Silviculture in an uncertain world: Utilizing multi-aged management systems to integrate disturbance T2 - Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research TI - Silviculture in an uncertain world: Utilizing multi-aged management systems to integrate disturbance VL - 86 ID - 21176 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate-induced shifts in the timing of life-history events are a worldwide phenomenon, and these shifts can de-synchronize species interactions such as predator–prey relationships. In order to understand the ecological implications of altered seasonality, we need to consider how shifts in phenology interact with other agents of environmental change such as exploitation and disease spread, which commonly act to erode the demographic structure of wild populations. Using long-term observational data on the phenology and dynamics of a model predator–prey system (fish and zooplankton in Windermere, UK), we show that age–size truncation of the predator population alters the consequences of phenological mismatch for offspring survival and population abundance. Specifically, age–size truncation reduces intraspecific density regulation due to competition and cannibalism, and thereby amplifies the population sensitivity to climate-induced predator–prey asynchrony, which increases variability in predator abundance. High population variability poses major ecological and economic challenges as it can diminish sustainable harvest rates and increase the risk of population collapse. Our results stress the importance of maintaining within-population age–size diversity in order to buffer populations against phenological asynchrony, and highlight the need to consider interactive effects of environmental impacts if we are to understand and project complex ecological outcomes. AU - Ohlberger, Jan AU - Thackeray, Stephen J. AU - Winfield, Ian J. AU - Maberly, Stephen C. AU - Vøllestad, L. Asbjørn DO - 10.1098/rspb.2014.0938 IS - 1793 PY - 2014 ST - When phenology matters: Age–size truncation alters population response to trophic mismatch T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - When phenology matters: Age–size truncation alters population response to trophic mismatch VL - 281 ID - 23427 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Ojima, Dennis AU - Steiner, Jean AU - McNeeley, Shannon AU - Cozzetto, Karen AU - Childress, Amber C4 - 775142cd-939a-4842-9958-712d6bfbc161 CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2015 SN - 9781610914352 SP - 224 ST - Great Plains Regional Technical Input Report TI - Great Plains Regional Technical Input Report ID - 21681 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Peterson, David L. A2 - Vose, James M. A2 - Patel-Weynand, Toral AU - Ojima, Dennis S. AU - Iverson, Louis R. AU - Sohngen, Brent L. AU - Vose, James M. AU - Woodall, Christopher W. AU - Domke, Grant M. AU - Peterson, David L. AU - Littell, Jeremy S. AU - Matthews, Stephen N. AU - Prasad, Anantha M. AU - Peters, Matthew P. AU - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Friggens, Megan M. C4 - f7148797-d4c9-4f59-adb8-790f7fd1a8f3 CY - Dordrecht, The Netherlands PB - Springer PY - 2014 SN - 978-94-007-7515-2 SP - 223-244 ST - Risk assessment T2 - Climate Change and United States Forests TI - Risk assessment ID - 21965 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Okazaki, Remy R. AU - Towle, Erica K. AU - van Hooidonk, Ruben AU - Mor, Carolina AU - Winter, Rivah N. AU - Piggot, Alan M. AU - Cunning, Ross AU - Baker, Andrew C. AU - Klaus, James S. AU - Swart, Peter K. AU - Langdon, Chris DO - 10.1111/gcb.13481 IS - 3 KW - biomineralization calcification climate change coral reefs dissolution Florida Reef Tract ocean acidification precipitation scleractinia warming PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1023-1035 ST - Species-specific responses to climate change and community composition determine future calcification rates of Florida Keys reefs T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Species-specific responses to climate change and community composition determine future calcification rates of Florida Keys reefs VL - 23 ID - 24884 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Oki, Delwyn S. CY - Reston, VA DA - 2004 NV - USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5080 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2004 SN - 2004-5080 SP - 116 ST - Trends in Streamflow Characteristics at Long-Term Gaging Stations, Hawaii TI - Trends in Streamflow Characteristics at Long-Term Gaging Stations, Hawaii UR - https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5080/ ID - 22488 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Miller, James A. A2 - Whitehead, R. L. A2 - Gingerich, Stephen B. A2 - Oki, Delwyn S. A2 - Olcott, Perry G. AU - Oki, Delwyn S. AU - Gingerich, Stephen B. AU - Whitehead, R. L. C4 - 7a27d346-7b51-4cf4-987c-32fa1c0b4677 CY - Reston, VA PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 1999 SP - N12-N22, N36 ST - Hawaii SV - Hydrologic Atlas 730-N T2 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 13, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands TI - Hawaii UR - https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ha730N ID - 22489 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Oklahoma Department of Transportation CY - Oklahoma City M1 - June 3 PY - 2015 ST - Record flooding wreaks road havoc T2 - ODOT: Flooding 2015 TI - Record flooding wreaks road havoc UR - https://www.ok.gov/odot/Flooding2015.html ID - 25805 ER - TY - CONF AU - Oklahoma NSF EPSCoR CY - College of the Muscogee Nation, Okmulgee, OK DA - April 8 PB - Oklahoma National Science Foundation (NSF) Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) PY - 2016 ST - Native American Water and Food Security Research T2 - 2016 Tribal College Conference Series on Climate Change TI - Native American Water and Food Security Research UR - http://www.okepscor.org/public-outreach/news/nsf-epscor-hold-tribal-college-conference-climate-change-research ID - 26288 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Okuji, Kelli AU - Wertz, Michael AU - Kurtz, Kenneth AU - Jones, Leonard CY - New York, NY NV - Technical Report No. 1071949 PB - Moody's Investor Service PY - 2017 SP - 21 ST - Environmental Risks: Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on US State and Local Issuers TI - Environmental Risks: Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on US State and Local Issuers UR - http://www.southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Evaluating-the-impact-of-climate-change-on-US-state-and-local-issuers-11-28-17.pdf ID - 25658 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The intensity and frequency of climate-driven disturbances are increasing in coastal marine ecosystems. Understanding the factors that enhance or inhibit ecosystem resilience to climatic disturbance is essential. We surveyed 97 experts in six major coastal biogenic ecosystem types to identify “bright spots” of resilience in the face of climate change. We also evaluated literature that was recommended by the experts that addresses the responses of habitat-forming species to climatic disturbance. Resilience was commonly reported in the expert surveys (80% of experts). Resilience was observed in all ecosystem types and at multiple locations worldwide. The experts and literature cited remaining biogenic habitat, recruitment/connectivity, physical setting, and management of local-scale stressors as most important for resilience. These findings suggest that coastal ecosystems may still hold great potential to persist in the face of climate change and that local- to regional-scale management can help buffer global climatic impacts. AU - O'Leary, Jennifer K. AU - Micheli, Fiorenza AU - Airoldi, Laura AU - Boch, Charles AU - De Leo, Giulio AU - Elahi, Robin AU - Ferretti, Francesco AU - Graham, Nicholas A. J. AU - Litvin, Steven Y. AU - Low, Natalie H. AU - Lummis, Sarah AU - Nickols, Kerry J. AU - Wong, Joanne DA - 2017/03/01/ DO - 10.1093/biosci/biw161 DP - academic.oup.com IS - 3 PY - 2017 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 208-220 ST - The resilience of marine ecosystems to climatic disturbances T2 - BioScience TI - The resilience of marine ecosystems to climatic disturbances VL - 67 Y2 - 2017/09/23/02:17:17 ID - 22490 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This article uses the 2007 Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey database developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to assess the impact of water scarcity and climate on irrigation decisions for producers of specialty crops, wheat, and forage crops. We estimate an irrigation management model for major crops in the West Coast (California, Oregon, and Washington), which includes a farm-level equation of irrigated share and crop-specific equations of technology adoption and water application rate (orchard/vineyard, vegetable, wheat, alfalfa, hay, and pasture). We find that economic and physical water scarcity, climate, and extreme weather, such as frost, extreme heat, and drought, significantly impact producers’ irrigation decisions. Producers use sprinkler technologies or additional water applications to mitigate risk of crop damage from extreme weather. Water application rates are least responsive to surface water cost or groundwater well depth for producers of orchard/vineyard. Water supply institutions influence producers’ irrigation decisions. Producers who receive water from federal agencies use higher water application rates and are less likely to adopt water-saving irrigation technologies for some crops. Institutional arrangements, including access to distinct water sources (surface or ground) and whether surface water cost is fee based, also affect the responsiveness of water application rates to changes in surface water cost. The analysis provides valuable information about how producers in irrigated agricultural production systems would respond and adapt to water pricing policies and climate change. AU - Olen, Beau AU - Wu, JunJie AU - Langpap, Christian DO - 10.1093/ajae/aav036 IS - 1 N1 - 10.1093/ajae/aav036 PY - 2016 SN - 0002-9092 SP - 254-275 ST - Irrigation decisions for major West Coast crops: Water scarcity and climatic determinants T2 - American Journal of Agricultural Economics TI - Irrigation decisions for major West Coast crops: Water scarcity and climatic determinants VL - 98 ID - 24735 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Previous studies examining future changes in heat/cold waves using climate model ensembles have been limited to grid cell-average quantities. Here, we make use of an urban parameterization in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) that represents the urban heat island effect, which can exacerbate extreme heat but may ameliorate extreme cold in urban relative to rural areas. Heat/cold wave characteristics are derived for U.S. regions from a bias-corrected CESM 30-member ensemble for climate outcomes driven by the RCP8.5 forcing scenario and a 15-member ensemble driven by RCP4.5. Significant differences are found between urban and grid cell-average heat/cold wave characteristics. Most notably, urban heat waves for 1981–2005 are more intense than grid cell-average by 2.1 °C (southeast) to 4.6 °C (southwest), while cold waves are less intense. We assess the avoided climate impacts of urban heat/cold waves in 2061–2080 when following the lower forcing scenario. Urban heat wave days per year increase from 6 in 1981–2005 to up to 92 (southeast) in RCP8.5. Following RCP4.5 reduces heat wave days by about 50 %. Large avoided impacts are demonstrated for individual communities; e.g., the longest heat wave for Houston in RCP4.5 is 38 days while in RCP8.5 there is one heat wave per year that is longer than a month with some lasting the entire summer. Heat waves also start later in the season in RCP4.5 (earliest are in early May) than RCP8.5 (mid-April), compared to 1981–2005 (late May). In some communities, cold wave events decrease from 2 per year for 1981–2005 to one-in-five year events in RCP4.5 and one-in-ten year events in RCP8.5. AU - Oleson, K. W. AU - Anderson, G. B. AU - Jones, B. AU - McGinnis, S. A. AU - Sanderson, B. DA - September 23 DO - 10.1007/s10584-015-1504-1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1480 ST - Avoided climate impacts of urban and rural heat and cold waves over the U.S. using large climate model ensembles for RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 T2 - Climatic Change TI - Avoided climate impacts of urban and rural heat and cold waves over the U.S. using large climate model ensembles for RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 ID - 23564 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oleson, K. W. AU - Monaghan, A. AU - Wilhelmi, O. AU - Barlage, M. AU - Brunsell, N. AU - Feddema, J. AU - Hu, L. AU - Steinhoff, D. F. DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0936-8 IS - 3-4 PY - 2015 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 525-541 ST - Interactions between urbanization, heat stress, and climate change T2 - Climatic Change TI - Interactions between urbanization, heat stress, and climate change VL - 129 ID - 22625 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oliver, Eric C. J. AU - Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. AU - Holbrook, Neil J. AU - Bindoff, Nathaniel L. DO - 10.1175/bams-d-17-0093.1 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - S44-S48 ST - Anthropogenic and natural influences on record 2016 marine heat waves T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Anthropogenic and natural influences on record 2016 marine heat waves VL - 99 ID - 25517 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oliver, Tom H. AU - Isaac, Nick J. B. AU - August, Tom A. AU - Woodcock, Ben A. AU - Roy, David B. AU - Bullock, James M. DA - 12/08/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms10122 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SP - 10122 ST - Declining resilience of ecosystem functions under biodiversity loss T2 - Nature Communications TI - Declining resilience of ecosystem functions under biodiversity loss VL - 6 ID - 23429 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oliver-Smith, Anthony DO - 10.17730/humo.72.4.j7u8054266386822 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SP - 275-282 ST - Disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: The view from applied anthropology T2 - Human Organization TI - Disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: The view from applied anthropology VL - 72 ID - 24961 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ecosystem-based management (EBM) of the ocean considers all impacts on and uses of marine and coastal systems. In recent years, there has been a heightened interest in EBM tools that allow testing of alternative management options and help identify tradeoffs among human uses. End-to-end ecosystem modelling frameworks that consider a wide range of management options are a means to provide integrated solutions to the complex ocean management problems encountered in EBM. Here, we leverage the global advances in ecosystem modelling to explore common opportunities and challenges for ecosystem-based management, including changes in ocean acidification, spatial management, and fishing pressure across eight Atlantis (atlantis.cmar.csiro.au) end-to-end ecosystem models. These models represent marine ecosystems from the tropics to the arctic, varying in size, ecology, and management regimes, using a three-dimensional, spatially-explicit structure parametrized for each system. Results suggest stronger impacts from ocean acidification and marine protected areas than from altering fishing pressure, both in terms of guild-level (i.e., aggregations of similar species or groups) biomass and in terms of indicators of ecological and fishery structure. Effects of ocean acidification were typically negative (reducing biomass), while MPAs led to both 'winners' and 'losers' at the level of particular species (or functional groups). Changing fishing pressure (doubling or halving) had smaller effects on the species guilds or ecosystem indicators than either OA or MPAs. Compensatory effects within guilds led to weaker average effects at the guild level than the species or group level. The impacts and tradeoffs implied by these future scenarios are highly relevant as ocean governance shifts focus from single-sector objectives (e.g., sustainable levels of individual fished stocks) to taking into account competing industrial sectors' objectives (e.g., simultaneous spatial management of energy, shipping, and fishing) while at the same time grappling with compounded impacts of global climate change (e.g., ocean acidification and warming). AU - Olsen, Erik AU - Kaplan, Isaac C. AU - Ainsworth, Cameron AU - Fay, Gavin AU - Gaichas, Sarah AU - Gamble, Robert AU - Girardin, Raphael AU - Eide, Cecilie H. AU - Ihde, Thomas F. AU - Morzaria-Luna, Hem Nalini AU - Johnson, Kelli F. AU - Savina-Rolland, Marie AU - Townsend, Howard AU - Weijerman, Mariska AU - Fulton, Elizabeth A. AU - Link, Jason S. DA - 2018-March-01 DO - 10.3389/fmars.2018.00064 IS - 64 KW - ecosystem-based management,Fisheries Management,ocean acidification,marine protected areas,Atlantis ecosystem model LA - English M3 - Original Research PY - 2018 SN - 2296-7745 ST - Ocean futures under ocean acidification, marine protection, and changing fishing pressures explored using a worldwide suite of ecosystem models T2 - Frontiers in Marine Science TI - Ocean futures under ocean acidification, marine protection, and changing fishing pressures explored using a worldwide suite of ecosystem models VL - 5 ID - 25516 ER - TY - ANCIENT AB - Sponsored by the Committee on Technical Advancement of ASCE Adapting Infrastructure and Civil Engineering Practice to a Changing Climate presents an accurate discussion of the potential significance of climate change to engineering practice. Although considerable evidence indicates that the climate is changing, significant uncertainty exists regarding the location, timing, and magnitude of this change over the lifetime of infrastructure. Practicing engineers are faced with the dilemma of balancing future needs for engineered infrastructure with the risks posed by the effects of climate change on long-term engineering projects. The gap between climate science and engineering practice somehow must be bridged. This report identifies the technical requirements and civil engineering challenges raised by adaptation to a changing climate. Topics include: review of climate science for engineering practice; incorporating climate science into engineering practice; civil engineering sectors that might be affected by climate change; needs for research, development, and demonstration projects; and summary, conclusions, and recommendations. Three appendixes illustrate different engineering approaches to assessing or preparing for climate change. Practitioners, researchers, educators, and students of civil engineering, as well as government officials and allied professionals, will be fascinated by this discussion of the trade-offs between the expenses of increasing system reliability and the potential costs and consequences of failure to future generations. AU - Olsen, J. Rolf CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.1061/9780784479193 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers PY - 2015 SN - 978-0-7844-7919-3 SP - 93 ST - Adapting Infrastructure and Civil Engineering Practice to a Changing Climate TI - Adapting Infrastructure and Civil Engineering Practice to a Changing Climate ID - 24558 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Olsen, J. Rolf AU - Kiang, Julie AU - Waskom, Reagan CY - Fort Collins, CO NV - Colorado Water Institute Information Series No. 109 PB - Colorado State University, Colorado Water Institute PY - 2010 SP - 304 ST - Workshop on Nonstationarity, Hydrologic Frequency Analysis, and Water Management [Boulder, CO] TI - Workshop on Nonstationarity, Hydrologic Frequency Analysis, and Water Management [Boulder, CO] UR - http://www.cwi.colostate.edu/media/publications/is/109.pdf ID - 24178 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Olson, Kenneth AU - Matthews, Jeffrey AU - Morton, Lois Wright AU - Sloan, John DA - January 1, 2015 DO - 10.2489/jswc.70.1.5A IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - 5A-11A ST - Impact of levee breaches, flooding, and land scouring on soil productivity T2 - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation TI - Impact of levee breaches, flooding, and land scouring on soil productivity VL - 70 ID - 23565 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Omernik, James M. DO - 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1987.tb00149.x IS - 1 KW - Key Words: ecoregions, ecosystems, cartographic analysis, resource management, regional geography PY - 1987 SN - 1467-8306 SP - 118-125 ST - Ecoregions of the conterminous United States T2 - Annals of the Association of American Geographers TI - Ecoregions of the conterminous United States VL - 77 ID - 23270 ER - TY - RPRT AU - One World One Water CY - Honolulu, HI PB - State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources PY - 2017 SP - 131 ST - Hawaii Drought Plan: 2017 Update TI - Hawaii Drought Plan: 2017 Update UR - http://files.hawaii.gov/dlnr/cwrm/planning/HDP2017.pdf ID - 22550 ER - TY - RPRT AU - O'Neal, Kirkman CY - Washington, DC PB - Defenders of Wildlife PY - 2002 SP - 44 ST - Effects of Global Warming on Trout and Salmon in U.S. Streams TI - Effects of Global Warming on Trout and Salmon in U.S. Streams UR - https://defenders.org/publications/effects_of_global_warming_on_trout_and_salmon.pdf ID - 24787 ER - TY - JOUR AU - O'Neel, Shad AU - Hood, Eran AU - Bidlack, Allison L. AU - Fleming, Sean W. AU - Arimitsu, Mayumi L. AU - Arendt, Anthony AU - Burgess, Evan AU - Sergeant, Christopher J. AU - Beaudreau, Anne H. AU - Timm, Kristin AU - Hayward, Gregory D. AU - Reynolds, Joel H. AU - Pyare, Sanjay DO - 10.1093/biosci/biv027 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 499-512 ST - Icefield-to-ocean linkages across the northern Pacific coastal temperate rainforest ecosystem T2 - BioScience TI - Icefield-to-ocean linkages across the northern Pacific coastal temperate rainforest ecosystem VL - 65 ID - 22267 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate adaptation planning and implementation are likely to increase rapidly within the forest sector not only as climate continues to change but also as we intentionally learn from real-world examples. We sought to better understand how adaptation is being incorporated in land management decision-making across diverse land ownership types in the Midwest by evaluating project-level adaptation plans from a suite of forest management projects developed through the Climate Change Response Framework. We used quantitative content analysis to evaluate 44 adaptation-planning documents developed through the Framework’s Adaptation Workbook within two ecoregional provinces of the Midwest. This approach was used to assess the components of adaptation planning, including the resources that adaptation actions targeted within planning documents, the climate changes and impacts of concern, and the adaptation strategies managers identified. Analyses of adaptation plans show that the most frequent climate changes and impacts of concern included alterations in the amount and timing of precipitation, increased vegetation moisture stress, and forest pest and pathogen impacts. Individual projects identified a diversity of adaptation options, rather than focusing singly on actions that aimed to resist climate impacts, enhance resilience, or transition systems. Multivariate analyses indicate that ecoregion and land ownership influenced adaptation planning, while the type of resources and the climate change impacts managers were concerned with were significantly correlated with the adaptation strategies selected during planning. This finding reinforces the idea that one-size-fits-all guidance on adaptation will be insufficient for land managers. Perceptions of relevant climate impacts differ based on regional and ownership contexts, which naturally leads to differences in preferred adaptation actions. AU - Ontl, Todd A. AU - Swanston, Chris AU - Brandt, Leslie A. AU - Butler, Patricia R. AU - D’Amato, Anthony W. AU - Handler, Stephen D. AU - Janowiak, Maria K. AU - Shannon, P. Danielle DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1983-3 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 75-88 ST - Adaptation pathways: Ecoregion and land ownership influences on climate adaptation decision-making in forest management T2 - Climatic Change TI - Adaptation pathways: Ecoregion and land ownership influences on climate adaptation decision-making in forest management VL - 146 ID - 21119 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Oppenheimer, M. AU - Campos, M. AU - Warren, R. AU - Birkmann, J. AU - Luber, G. AU - O’Neill, B. AU - Takahashi, K. C4 - 0ea6d723-5df9-4b45-8d5f-be269119ccf8 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 19 SP - 1039-1099 ST - Emergent risks and key vulnerabilities T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Emergent risks and key vulnerabilities ID - 17696 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oppenheimer, Michael AU - Little, Christopher M. AU - Cooke, Roger M. DA - 04/27/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2959 M3 - Perspective PY - 2016 SP - 445-451 ST - Expert judgement and uncertainty quantification for climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Expert judgement and uncertainty quantification for climate change VL - 6 ID - 25287 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Oregon Health Authority CY - Salem, OR M1 - OHA (10.15) PB - Oregon Climate and Health Program PY - 2015 SP - 15 ST - Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment TI - Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment UR - https://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/HealthyEnvironments/climatechange/Documents/Social-Vulnerability-Assessment.pdf ID - 26500 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Oregon Health Authority CY - Salem, OR PB - Oregon Health Authority PY - 2018 ST - Oregon ESSENCE Hazard Report TI - Oregon ESSENCE Hazard Report UR - https://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/DISEASESCONDITIONS/COMMUNICABLEDISEASE/PREPAREDNESSSURVEILLANCEEPIDEMIOLOGY/ESSENCE/Documents/HazardReports/ESSENCE_Hazards.pdf ID - 26725 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Oregon Heart Disease and Stroke and Diabetes Prevention Programs CY - Portland, OR PB - Oregon Health Authority PY - 2014 SN - OHA8582 SP - various ST - Heart Disease, Stroke and Diabetes in Oregon: 2013 TI - Heart Disease, Stroke and Diabetes in Oregon: 2013 UR - https://digital.osl.state.or.us/islandora/object/osl:85058 ID - 26521 ER - TY - LEGAL AU - Oregon Legislative Assembly CY - Salem, OR PY - 2016 SE - HB 4113 TI - [Establish] Task Force on Drought Emergency Response as nonlegislative task force UR - https://olis.leg.state.or.us/liz/2016R1/Measures/Overview/HB4113 ID - 26531 ER - TY - JOUR AU - O'Reilly, Catherine M. AU - Sharma, Sapna AU - Gray, Derek K. AU - Hampton, Stephanie E. AU - Read, Jordan S. AU - Rowley, Rex J. AU - Schneider, Philipp AU - Lenters, John D. AU - McIntyre, Peter B. AU - Kraemer, Benjamin M. AU - Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. AU - Straile, Dietmar AU - Dong, Bo AU - Adrian, Rita AU - Allan, Mathew G. AU - Anneville, Orlane AU - Arvola, Lauri AU - Austin, Jay AU - Bailey, John L. AU - Baron, Jill S. AU - Brookes, Justin D. AU - de Eyto, Elvira AU - Dokulil, Martin T. AU - Hamilton, David P. AU - Havens, Karl AU - Hetherington, Amy L. AU - Higgins, Scott N. AU - Hook, Simon AU - Izmest'eva, Lyubov R. AU - Joehnk, Klaus D. AU - Kangur, Kulli AU - Kasprzak, Peter AU - Kumagai, Michio AU - Kuusisto, Esko AU - Leshkevich, George AU - Livingstone, David M. AU - MacIntyre, Sally AU - May, Linda AU - Melack, John M. AU - Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe C. AU - Naumenko, Mikhail AU - Noges, Peeter AU - Noges, Tiina AU - North, Ryan P. AU - Plisnier, Pierre-Denis AU - Rigosi, Anna AU - Rimmer, Alon AU - Rogora, Michela AU - Rudstam, Lars G. AU - Rusak, James A. AU - Salmaso, Nico AU - Samal, Nihar R. AU - Schindler, Daniel E. AU - Schladow, S. Geoffrey AU - Schmid, Martin AU - Schmidt, Silke R. AU - Silow, Eugene AU - Soylu, M. Evren AU - Teubner, Katrin AU - Verburg, Piet AU - Voutilainen, Ari AU - Watkinson, Andrew AU - Williamson, Craig E. AU - Zhang, Guoqing DO - 10.1002/2015GL066235 IS - 24 KW - lakes climate change temperature 0746 Lakes 1605 Abrupt/rapid climate change 1807 Climate impacts 4942 Limnology PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 10,773-10,781 ST - Rapid and highly variable warming of lake surface waters around the globe T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Rapid and highly variable warming of lake surface waters around the globe VL - 42 ID - 21107 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Orem, Caitlin A. AU - Pelletier, Jon D. DO - 10.1002/2015JF003663 IS - 5 KW - post-wildfire erosion cosmogenic isotopes Valles Caldera lidar 1824 Geomorphology: general 1815 Erosion 4302 Geological PY - 2016 SN - 2169-9011 SP - 843-864 ST - The predominance of post-wildfire erosion in the long-term denudation of the Valles Caldera, New Mexico T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface TI - The predominance of post-wildfire erosion in the long-term denudation of the Valles Caldera, New Mexico VL - 121 ID - 23839 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oren, Ram AU - Ellsworth, David S. AU - Johnsen, Kurt H. AU - Phillips, Nathan AU - Ewers, Brent E. AU - Maier, Chris AU - Schafer, Karina V. R. AU - McCarthy, Heather AU - Hendrey, George AU - McNulty, Steven G. AU - Katul, Gabriel G. DA - 05/24/print DO - 10.1038/35078064 IS - 6836 M3 - 10.1038/35078064 N1 - 10.1038/35078064 PY - 2001 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 469-472 ST - Soil fertility limits carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in a CO2-enriched atmosphere T2 - Nature TI - Soil fertility limits carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in a CO2-enriched atmosphere VL - 411 ID - 21964 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Orr, James C. AU - Pantoja, Silvio AU - Pörtner, Hans‐Otto DO - 10.1029/2005JC003086 IS - C9 PY - 2005 SP - C09S01 ST - Introduction to special section: The ocean in a high‐CO2 world T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans TI - Introduction to special section: The ocean in a high‐CO2 world VL - 110 ID - 25518 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - Merenlender, Adina A2 - McCreary, Douglas A2 - Purcell, Kathryn L. AU - Ortiz, Beverly R. C1 - Albany, CA CY - Rohnert Park, CA N1 - General Technical Report PSW-GTR-217 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture PY - 2008 SP - 39-56 T2 - Sixth Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Today's Challenges, Tomorrow's Opportunities TI - Contemporary California Indians, oaks, and sudden oak death (Phytophthora ramorum) UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr217/psw_gtr217_39.pdf ID - 23928 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ortiz, R. AU - Sayre, K.D. AU - Govaerts, B. AU - Gupta, R. AU - Subbarao, G.V. AU - Ban, T. AU - Hodson, D. AU - Dixon, J.M. AU - Iván Ortiz-Monasterio, J. AU - Reynolds, M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.019 IS - 1 PY - 2008 SN - 0167-8809 SP - 46-58 ST - Climate change: Can wheat beat the heat? T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment TI - Climate change: Can wheat beat the heat? VL - 126 ID - 14876 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Cattle ranchers and dairy farmers operating throughout many tropical regions are experiencing major challenges associated with climate change such as higher incidence of heat stress and drought. These effects can result in reduced productivity of rangeland, shortage of nutritional feed, increased heat stress on animals, and high energy costs for cooling. High temperatures and resultant heat stress reduce animal productivity and increase the proliferation and survival of parasites and disease pathogens. Warming reduces the ability of dairy cattle to produce milk and gain weight and can also lower conception rates. This paper reviews research from the Caribbean on heat tolerant traits in bovine and presents evidence that introducing a “slick hair” gene into Holstein cows by crossbreeding with Senepols may increase thermo-tolerance and productivity. As in other parts of the tropics, principal cattle breeds in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands have been largely introduced from temperate regions. Research indicates these animals may be poorly adapted to rising temperatures, leaving them increasingly vulnerable to chronic heat stress and reduced productivity. Adaptive practices have been developed in breeding and pasture management programs including selection for more heat-resistant genotypes, silvopasturing and crop diversification in forage production, and optimizing facilities and practices to reduce heat stress. Given the nature of climate vulnerability, an integrated approach to adaptation will likely have the greatest success in reducing future risk for producers. AU - Ortiz-Colón, Guillermo AU - Fain, Stephen J. AU - Parés, Isabel K. AU - Curbelo-Rodríguez, Jaime AU - Jiménez-Cabán, Esbal AU - Pagán-Morales, Melvin AU - Gould, William A. DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2110-1 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 47-58 ST - Assessing climate vulnerabilities and adaptive strategies for resilient beef and dairy operations in the tropics T2 - Climatic Change TI - Assessing climate vulnerabilities and adaptive strategies for resilient beef and dairy operations in the tropics VL - 146 ID - 25012 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Ortman, Wayne CY - Published in several sources PY - 2010 ST - Sioux Reservation Struggling after Winter Storms T2 - Associated Press wire story TI - Sioux Reservation Struggling after Winter Storms ID - 21682 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Ørts Hansen, Carsten AU - Grønsedt, Peter AU - Lindstrøm Graversen, Christian AU - Hendriksen, Christian CY - Copenhagen, Denmark N1 - ISBN 978-87-93262-03-4 PB - Copenhagen Business School, CBS Maritime PY - 2016 RP - ISBN 978-87-93262-03-4 SP - 93 ST - Arctic Shipping – Commercial Opportunities and Challenges TI - Arctic Shipping – Commercial Opportunities and Challenges UR - https://services-webdav.cbs.dk/doc/CBS.dk/Arctic%20Shipping%20-%20Commercial%20Opportunities%20and%20Challenges.pdf ID - 22112 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change threatens coral reefs across the world. Intense bleaching has caused dramatic coral mortality in many tropical regions in recent decades, but less obvious chronic effects of temperature and other stressors can be equally threatening to the long‐term persistence of diverse coral‐dominated reef systems. Coral reefs persist if coral recovery rates equal or exceed average rates of mortality. While mortality from acute destructive events is often obvious and easy to measure, estimating recovery rates and investigating the factors that influence them requires long‐term commitment. Coastal development is increasing in many regions, and sea surface temperatures are also rising. The resulting chronic stresses have predictable, adverse effects on coral recovery, but the lack of consistent long‐term data sets has prevented measurement of how much coral recovery rates are actually changing. Using long‐term monitoring data from 47 reefs spread over 10 degrees of latitude on Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR), we used a modified Gompertz equation to estimate coral recovery rates following disturbance. We compared coral recovery rates in two periods: 7 years before and 7 years after an acute and widespread heat stress event on the GBR in 2002. From 2003 to 2009, there were few acute disturbances in the region, allowing us to attribute the observed shortfall in coral recovery rates to residual effects of acute heat stress plus other chronic stressors. Compared with the period before 2002, the recovery of fast‐growing Acroporidae and of “Other” slower growing hard corals slowed after 2002, doubling the time taken for modest levels of recovery. If this persists, recovery times will be increasing at a time when acute disturbances are predicted to become more frequent and intense. Our study supports the need for management actions to protect reefs from locally generated stresses, as well as urgent global action to mitigate climate change. AU - Osborne, Kate AU - Thompson, Angus A. AU - Cheal, Alistair J. AU - Emslie, Michael J. AU - Johns, Kerryn A. AU - Jonker, Michelle J. AU - Logan, Murray AU - Miller, Ian R. AU - Sweatman, Hugh P. A. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13707 IS - 9 PY - 2017 SP - 3869-3881 ST - Delayed coral recovery in a warming ocean T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Delayed coral recovery in a warming ocean VL - 23 ID - 25519 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Osgood, Daniel CY - New York M1 - July 1 PB - Columbia University, IRI PY - 2016 ST - 25,000 Insured Ethiopian Farmers Receive Payments for El Niño Droughts T2 - International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI): News TI - 25,000 Insured Ethiopian Farmers Receive Payments for El Niño Droughts UR - https://iri.columbia.edu/news/ethiopiar4drought/ ID - 25767 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Osland, Michael J. AU - Day, Richard H. AU - Hall, Courtney T. AU - Brumfield, Marisa D. AU - Dugas, Jason L. AU - Jones, William R. DO - 10.1002/ecy.1625 IS - 1 KW - Avicennia germinans climate change climate extremes coastal wetland ecological threshold freeze events Louisiana mangrove range contraction range expansion range limit temperature PY - 2017 SN - 1939-9170 SP - 125-137 ST - Mangrove expansion and contraction at a poleward range limit: Climate extremes and land-ocean temperature gradients T2 - Ecology TI - Mangrove expansion and contraction at a poleward range limit: Climate extremes and land-ocean temperature gradients VL - 98 ID - 24366 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Osland, Michael J. AU - Enwright, Nicholas AU - Day, Richard H. AU - Doyle, Thomas W. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12126 IS - 5 KW - Avicennia germinans coastal wetlands ecological thresholds extreme events foundation species mangrove forest range expansion salt marsh vulnerability assessment winter climate change PY - 2013 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1482-1494 ST - Winter climate change and coastal wetland foundation species: Salt marshes vs. mangrove forests in the southeastern United States T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Winter climate change and coastal wetland foundation species: Salt marshes vs. mangrove forests in the southeastern United States VL - 19 ID - 23430 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Osland, Michael J. AU - Enwright, Nicholas M. AU - Day, Richard H. AU - Gabler, Christopher A. AU - Stagg, Camille L. AU - Grace, James B. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13084 IS - 1 KW - climate change climate gradient coastal wetlands ecological threshold ecological transition foundation species mangrove salt flat salt marsh vulnerability assessment PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1-11 ST - Beyond just sea-level rise: Considering macroclimatic drivers within coastal wetland vulnerability assessments to climate change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Beyond just sea-level rise: Considering macroclimatic drivers within coastal wetland vulnerability assessments to climate change VL - 22 ID - 24365 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mangrove forests are highly productive tidal saline wetland ecosystems found along sheltered tropical and subtropical coasts. Ecologists have long assumed that climatic drivers (i.e., temperature and rainfall regimes) govern the global distribution, structure, and function of mangrove forests. However, data constraints have hindered the quantification of direct climate–mangrove linkages in many parts of the world. Recently, the quality and availability of global-scale climate and mangrove data have been improving. Here, we used these data to better understand the influence of air temperature and rainfall regimes upon the distribution, abundance, and species richness of mangrove forests. Although our analyses identify global-scale relationships and thresholds, we show that the influence of climatic drivers is best characterized via regional range-limit-specific analyses. We quantified climatic controls across targeted gradients in temperature and/or rainfall within 14 mangrove distributional range limits. Climatic thresholds for mangrove presence, abundance, and species richness differed among the 14 studied range limits. We identified minimum temperature-based thresholds for range limits in eastern North America, eastern Australia, New Zealand, eastern Asia, eastern South America, and southeast Africa. We identified rainfall-based thresholds for range limits in western North America, western Gulf of Mexico, western South America, western Australia, Middle East, northwest Africa, east central Africa, and west-central Africa. Our results show that in certain range limits (e.g., eastern North America, western Gulf of Mexico, eastern Asia), winter air temperature extremes play an especially important role. We conclude that rainfall and temperature regimes are both important in western North America, western Gulf of Mexico, and western Australia. With climate change, alterations in temperature and rainfall regimes will affect the global distribution, abundance, and diversity of mangrove forests. In general, warmer winter temperatures are expected to allow mangroves to expand poleward at the expense of salt marshes. However, dispersal and habitat availability constraints may hinder expansion near certain range limits. Along arid and semiarid coasts, decreases or increases in rainfall are expected to lead to mangrove contraction or expansion, respectively. Collectively, our analyses quantify climate–mangrove linkages and improve our understanding of the expected global- and regional-scale effects of climate change upon mangrove forests. AU - Osland, Michael J. AU - Feher, Laura C. AU - Griffith, Kereen T. AU - Cavanaugh, Kyle C. AU - Enwright, Nicholas M. AU - Day, Richard H. AU - Stagg, Camille L. AU - Krauss, Ken W. AU - Howard, Rebecca J. AU - Grace, James B. AU - Rogers, Kerrylee DA - 2017/05/01/ DO - 10.1002/ecm.1248 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 2 KW - Rainfall Temperature climate change distribution abundance climate gradients climatic drivers climatic thresholds ecological thresholds mangrove forests range limit species richness LA - en PY - 2017 SN - 1557-7015 SP - 341-359 ST - Climatic controls on the global distribution, abundance, and species richness of mangrove forests T2 - Ecological Monographs TI - Climatic controls on the global distribution, abundance, and species richness of mangrove forests VL - 87 ID - 22491 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Osterkamp, T. E. DO - 10.1029/2006JF000578 IS - F2 KW - permafrost borehole temperatures climate warming thawing thermokarst monitoring 0702 Permafrost 0706 Active layer 0708 Thermokarst 0768 Thermal regime 0774 Dynamics PY - 2007 SN - 2156-2202 SP - F02S02 ST - Characteristics of the recent warming of permafrost in Alaska T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Characteristics of the recent warming of permafrost in Alaska VL - 112 ID - 22269 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The evidence that climate warming is changing the distribution of Ixodes ticks and the pathogens they transmit is reviewed and evaluated. The primary approaches are either phenomenological, which typically assume that climate alone limits current and future distributions, or mechanistic, asking which tick-demographic parameters are affected by specific abiotic conditions. Both approaches have promise but are severely limited when applied separately. For instance, phenomenological approaches (e.g. climate envelope models) often select abiotic variables arbitrarily and produce results that can be hard to interpret biologically. On the other hand, although laboratory studies demonstrate strict temperature and humidity thresholds for tick survival, these limits rarely apply to field situations. Similarly, no studies address the influence of abiotic conditions on more than a few life stages, transitions or demographic processes, preventing comprehensive assessments. Nevertheless, despite their divergent approaches, both mechanistic and phenomenological models suggest dramatic range expansions of Ixodes ticks and tick-borne disease as the climate warms. The predicted distributions, however, vary strongly with the models' assumptions, which are rarely tested against reasonable alternatives. These inconsistencies, limited data about key tick-demographic and climatic processes and only limited incorporation of non-climatic processes have weakened the application of this rich area of research to public health policy or actions. We urge further investigation of the influence of climate on vertebrate hosts and tick-borne pathogen dynamics. In addition, testing model assumptions and mechanisms in a range of natural contexts and comparing their relative importance as competing models in a rigorous statistical framework will significantly advance our understanding of how climate change will alter the distribution, dynamics and risk of tick-borne disease. AU - Ostfeld, Richard S. AU - Brunner, Jesse L. DO - 10.1098/rstb.2014.0051 IS - 1665 PY - 2015 SP - 20140051 ST - Climate change and Ixodes tick-borne diseases of humans T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Climate change and Ixodes tick-borne diseases of humans VL - 370 ID - 25694 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ostro, B.D. AU - Roth, L.A. AU - Green, R.S. AU - Basu, R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2009.03.010 IS - 5 PY - 2009 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 614-619 ST - Estimating the mortality effect of the July 2006 California heat wave T2 - Environmental Research TI - Estimating the mortality effect of the July 2006 California heat wave VL - 109 ID - 14885 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Durlauf, Steven A2 - Blume, Lawrence E. AU - Ostrom, Elinor C4 - e529b0dd-5c4d-4320-83ef-b3a61e054420 CY - New York PB - Palgrave Macmillan PY - 2008 SN - 978-0-333-78676-5 SP - v.8: 360-363 ST - Tragedy of the commons T2 - The new Palgrave dictionary of economics TI - Tragedy of the commons ID - 25697 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oswald, Evan M. AU - Pontius, Jennifer AU - Rayback, Shelly A. AU - Schaberg, Paul G. AU - Wilmot, Sandra H. AU - Dupigny-Giroux, Lesley-Ann DA - 2018/08/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.04.014 KW - Climate change Crown condition Crown health Forest decline Forest management PY - 2018 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 303-312 ST - The complex relationship between climate and sugar maple health: Climate change implications in Vermont for a key northern hardwood species T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - The complex relationship between climate and sugar maple health: Climate change implications in Vermont for a key northern hardwood species VL - 422 ID - 26220 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Strong scientific evidence supports the potential for serious global impacts due to climate change. While mitigation efforts are essential to slowing the threat of climate change, adaptation practices to build resilience to and protection from environmental impacts should be accelerated. This paper presents a methodology to integrate adaptation efforts into the long range transportation planning (LRTP) process, and describes a tool, Climate Change Adaptation Tool for Transportation (CCATT) to assist planners. Using a decision theoretic approach that recognizes uncertainty, climate change scenarios are evaluated based on the LRTP timeline. Since climate change impacts vary geographically, the methodology is intended to be repeatable, relevant, and regionally applicable. A case study is developed for the Mid-Atlantic region based on a Metropolitan Planning Organization in northern Delaware. The case study results reveal the effectiveness of the methodology to a real world application and the need for transportation adaptation in response to climate change. AU - Oswald, Michelle Renee AU - McNeil, Sue DO - 10.1177/1087724x12469016 IS - 2 KW - transportation planning,climate change,adaptation,decision support,uncertainty PY - 2013 SP - 145-166 ST - Methodology for integrating adaptation to climate change into the transportation planning process T2 - Public Works Management & Policy TI - Methodology for integrating adaptation to climate change into the transportation planning process VL - 18 ID - 26036 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Oswalt, Sonja N. AU - Smith, W. Brad AU - Miles, Patrick D. AU - Pugh, Scott A. CY - Washington, DC NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-91 PB - USDA, Forest Service, Washington Office PY - 2014 SP - 218 ST - Forest Resources of the United States, 2012: A Technical Document Supporting the Forest Service 2010 Update of the RPA Assessment TI - Forest Resources of the United States, 2012: A Technical Document Supporting the Forest Service 2010 Update of the RPA Assessment UR - https://srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/47322 ID - 21963 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Otero, Jaime AU - L'Abée-Lund, Jan Henning AU - Castro-Santos, Ted AU - Leonardsson, Kjell AU - Storvik, Geir O. AU - Jonsson, Bror AU - Dempson, Brian AU - Russell, Ian C. AU - Jensen, Arne J. AU - Baglinière, Jean-Luc AU - Dionne, Mélanie AU - Armstrong, John D. AU - Romakkaniemi, Atso AU - Letcher, Benjamin H. AU - Kocik, John F. AU - Erkinaro, Jaakko AU - Poole, Russell AU - Rogan, Ger AU - Lundqvist, Hans AU - MacLean, Julian C. AU - Jokikokko, Erkki AU - Arnekleiv, Jo Vegar AU - Kennedy, Richard J. AU - Niemelä, Eero AU - Caballero, Pablo AU - Music, Paul A. AU - Antonsson, Thorolfur AU - Gudjonsson, Sigurdur AU - Veselov, Alexey E. AU - Lamberg, Anders AU - Groom, Steve AU - Taylor, Benjamin H. AU - Taberner, Malcolm AU - Dillane, Mary AU - Arnason, Fridthjofur AU - Horton, Gregg AU - Hvidsten, Nils A. AU - Jonsson, Ingi R. AU - Jonsson, Nina AU - McKelvey, Simon AU - Næsje, Tor F. AU - Skaala, Øystein AU - Smith, Gordon W. AU - Sægrov, Harald AU - Stenseth, Nils C. AU - Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn DO - 10.1111/gcb.12363 IS - 1 KW - Atlantic salmon freshwater conditions North Atlantic phenology sea surface temperature smolt emigration PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 61-75 ST - Basin-scale phenology and effects of climate variability on global timing of initial seaward migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Basin-scale phenology and effects of climate variability on global timing of initial seaward migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) VL - 20 ID - 21723 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Otis, D.S. C4 - ea5a5a56-dbac-4fb8-a156-7e802ad5106a CY - Norman, OK PB - University of Oklahoma Press PY - 1973 SN - 978-0806110394 SP - 206 ST - Dawes Act and the Allotment of Indian Lands TI - Dawes Act and the Allotment of Indian Lands ID - 14889 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The term “flash drought” is currently used in an ambiguous manner in the scientific literature. We recommend that these climate features should be identified based on how rapidly they intensify. AU - Otkin, Jason A. AU - Svoboda, Mark AU - Hunt, Eric D. AU - Ford, Trent W. AU - Anderson, Martha C. AU - Hain, Christopher AU - Basara, Jeffrey B. DO - 10.1175/bams-d-17-0149.1 PY - 2018 SP - 911-919 ST - Flash droughts: A review and assessment of the challenges imposed by rapid onset droughts in the United States T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Flash droughts: A review and assessment of the challenges imposed by rapid onset droughts in the United States VL - 99 ID - 25541 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ou, Michelle AU - Hamilton, Trevor J. AU - Eom, Junho AU - Lyall, Emily M. AU - Gallup, Joshua AU - Jiang, Amy AU - Lee, Jason AU - Close, David A. AU - Yun, Sang-Seon AU - Brauner, Colin J. DA - 06/29/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2694 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SP - 950-955 ST - Responses of pink salmon to CO2-induced aquatic acidification T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Responses of pink salmon to CO2-induced aquatic acidification VL - 5 ID - 24637 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Outdoor Industry Association CY - Boulder, CO PB - Outdoor Industry Association PY - 2017 SP - 19 ST - The Outdoor Recreation Economy TI - The Outdoor Recreation Economy UR - https://outdoorindustry.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OIA_RecEconomy_FINAL_Single.pdf ID - 21907 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ouyang, Min DA - 2014/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ress.2013.06.040 KW - Critical infrastructure systems (CISs) Interdependencies Empirical approach Agent System dynamics Economic theory Network Resilience PY - 2014 SN - 0951-8320 SP - 43-60 ST - Review on modeling and simulation of interdependent critical infrastructure systems T2 - Reliability Engineering & System Safety TI - Review on modeling and simulation of interdependent critical infrastructure systems VL - 121 ID - 21416 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ouyang, Min AU - Wang, Zhenghua DA - 9// DO - 10.1016/j.ress.2015.03.011 KW - Infrastructure systems Interdependencies Resilience assessment Cascading failures Restoration Genetic algorithm PY - 2015 SN - 0951-8320 SP - 74-82 ST - Resilience assessment of interdependent infrastructure systems: With a focus on joint restoration modeling and analysis T2 - Reliability Engineering & System Safety TI - Resilience assessment of interdependent infrastructure systems: With a focus on joint restoration modeling and analysis VL - 141 ID - 21415 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Overland, J. AU - Hanna, E. AU - Hanssen-Bauer, I. AU - Kim, S.-J. AU - Walsh, J. AU - Wang, M. AU - Bhatt, U. PY - 2014 ST - Air Temperature [in Arctic Report Card 2014] TI - Air Temperature [in Arctic Report Card 2014] UR - ftp://ftp.oar.noaa.gov/arctic/documents/ArcticReportCard_full_report2014.pdf ID - 20148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Overland, James E. AU - Dethloff, Klaus AU - Francis, Jennifer A. AU - Hall, Richard J. AU - Hanna, Edward AU - Kim, Seong-Joong AU - Screen, James A. AU - Shepherd, Theodore G. AU - Vihma, Timo DA - 10/26/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3121 M3 - Perspective PY - 2016 SP - 992-999 ST - Nonlinear response of mid-latitude weather to the changing Arctic T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Nonlinear response of mid-latitude weather to the changing Arctic VL - 6 ID - 24886 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Overland, James E. AU - Wang, Muyin AU - Walsh, John E. AU - Stroeve, Julienne C. DO - 10.1002/2013EF000162 IS - 2 KW - Arctic Climate Change Mitigation Sea ice 1621 Cryospheric change 1610 Atmosphere 1626 Global climate models 3349 Polar meteorology PY - 2014 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 68-74 ST - Future Arctic climate changes: Adaptation and mitigation time scales T2 - Earth's Future TI - Future Arctic climate changes: Adaptation and mitigation time scales VL - 2 ID - 22270 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Overstreet, Stacy AU - Salloum, Alison AU - Badour, Christal DA - 2010/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jsp.2010.06.002 IS - 5 KW - Disasters Secondary stressors PTSD Adolescents PY - 2010 SN - 0022-4405 SP - 413-431 ST - A school-based assessment of secondary stressors and adolescent mental health 18 months post-Katrina T2 - Journal of School Psychology TI - A school-based assessment of secondary stressors and adolescent mental health 18 months post-Katrina VL - 48 ID - 24104 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - University of Oklahoma Printing Services AU - OWRB CY - Oklahoma City PB - Oklahoma Water Resources Board PY - 2012 ST - The Oklahoma Comprehensive Water Plan TI - The Oklahoma Comprehensive Water Plan UR - http://www.owrb.ok.gov/supply/ocwp/ocwp.php ID - 25807 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Ozaukee Washington Land Trust CY - West Bend, WI PB - Ozaukee Washington Land Trust PY - 2016 SP - 8 ST - Open Spaces: 2016 Annual Report TI - Open Spaces: 2016 Annual Report ID - 21311 ER - TY - JOUR AB - North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis Müller 1776) present an interesting problem for abundance and trend estimation in marine wildlife conservation. They are long lived, individually identifiable, highly mobile, and one of the rarest of cetaceans. Individuals are annually resighted at different rates, primarily due to varying stay durations among several principal habitats within a large geographic range. To date, characterizations of abundance have been produced that use simple accounting procedures with differing assumptions about mortality. To better characterize changing abundance of North Atlantic right whales between 1990 and 2015, we adapted a state–space formulation with Jolly-Seber assumptions about population entry (birth and immigration) to individual resighting histories and fit it using empirical Bayes methodology. This hierarchical model included accommodation for the effect of the substantial individual capture heterogeneity. Estimates from this approach were only slightly higher than published accounting procedures, except for the most recent years (when recapture rates had declined substantially). North Atlantic right whales' abundance increased at about 2.8% per annum from median point estimates of 270 individuals in 1990 to 483 in 2010, and then declined to 2015, when the final estimate was 458 individuals (95% credible intervals 444–471). The probability that the population's trajectory post-2010 was a decline was estimated at 99.99%. Of special concern was the finding that reduced survival rates of adult females relative to adult males have produced diverging abundance trends between sexes. Despite constraints in recent years, both biological (whales' distribution changing) and logistical (fewer resources available to collect individual photo-identifications), it is still possible to detect this relatively recent, small change in the population's trajectory. This is thanks to the massive dataset of individual North Atlantic right whale identifications accrued over the past three decades. Photo-identification data provide biological information that allows more informed inference on the status of this species. AU - Pace, Richard M. AU - Corkeron, Peter J. AU - Kraus, Scott D. DO - 10.1002/ece3.3406 IS - 21 PY - 2017 SP - 8730-8741 ST - State–space mark–recapture estimates reveal a recent decline in abundance of North Atlantic right whales T2 - Ecology and Evolution TI - State–space mark–recapture estimates reveal a recent decline in abundance of North Atlantic right whales VL - 7 ID - 26221 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Pacific Islands Forum CY - Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands PB - Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat PY - 2013 SP - 12 ST - Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership [Annex 1 and 2 of the 44th Forum Communiqué] TI - Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership [Annex 1 and 2 of the 44th Forum Communiqué] UR - http://www.daghammarskjold.se/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/44th-PIFS-Majuro-Outcome.pdf ID - 22492 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Pacific Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) DA - 2016/12// M3 - Technical Input for 4th U.S. National Climate Assessment N1 - (Pacific RISA) PY - 2016 RP - (Pacific RISA) ST - Survey Report: User Input for Next Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment TI - Survey Report: User Input for Next Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment ID - 22493 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Pacific Seafood Processors Association C4 - 8b90b115-5fb5-428f-8fda-3ac778f1a798 CY - Anchorage, AK PY - 2016 SE - Fall 2016 SP - 17-31 ST - Seafood: The sustainable resource [special report] T2 - Alaska Inc. T3 - http://americaspublisher.com/2016/10/alaska-inc-fall-2016/ TI - Seafood: The sustainable resource [special report] UR - http://americaspublisher.com/2016/10/alaska-inc-fall-2016/ ID - 22271 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pacifici, Michela AU - Foden, Wendy B. AU - Visconti, Piero AU - Watson, James E. M. AU - Butchart, Stuart H. M. AU - Kovacs, Kit M. AU - Scheffers, Brett R. AU - Hole, David G. AU - Martin, Tara G. AU - Akçakaya, H. Resit AU - Corlett, Richard T. AU - Huntley, Brian AU - Bickford, David AU - Carr, Jamie A. AU - Hoffmann, Ary A. AU - Midgley, Guy F. AU - Pearce-Kelly, Paul AU - Pearson, Richard G. AU - Williams, Stephen E. AU - Willis, Stephen G. AU - Young, Bruce AU - Rondinini, Carlo DA - 02/25/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2448 M3 - Review Article PY - 2015 SP - 215-224 ST - Assessing species vulnerability to climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Assessing species vulnerability to climate change VL - 5 ID - 25948 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pacifici, Michela AU - Visconti, Piero AU - Butchart, Stuart H. M. AU - Watson, James E. M. AU - Cassola, Francesca M AU - Rondinini, Carlo DA - 02/13/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3223 PY - 2017 SP - 205-208 ST - Species’ traits influenced their response to recent climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Species’ traits influenced their response to recent climate change VL - 7 ID - 23432 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pacyna, Jozef M. AU - Cousins, Ian T. AU - Halsall, Crispin AU - Rautio, Arja AU - Pawlak, Janet AU - Pacyna, Elisabeth G. AU - Sundseth, Kyrre AU - Wilson, Simon AU - Munthe, John DA - 2015/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2015.02.010 KW - Contaminant cycling Climate change Human health effects POPs Mercury The Arctic population PY - 2015 SN - 1462-9011 SP - 200-213 ST - Impacts on human health in the Arctic owing to climate-induced changes in contaminant cycling—The EU ArcRisk project policy outcome T2 - Environmental Science & Policy TI - Impacts on human health in the Arctic owing to climate-induced changes in contaminant cycling—The EU ArcRisk project policy outcome VL - 50 ID - 24103 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Padgett, Gary CY - [Sydney, Australia] PB - Australian Severe Weather PY - 2005 ST - Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary: February 2005 TI - Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary: February 2005 UR - http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2005/summ0502.htm ID - 22494 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Padgett, Jamie AU - DesRoches, Reginald AU - Nielson, Bryant AU - Yashinsky, Mark AU - Kwon, Oh-Sung AU - Burdette, Nick AU - Tavera, Ed DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2008)13:1(6) IS - 1 PY - 2008 SP - 6-14 ST - Bridge damage and repair costs from Hurricane Katrina T2 - Journal of Bridge Engineering TI - Bridge damage and repair costs from Hurricane Katrina VL - 13 ID - 24007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Paek, Houk AU - Yu, Jin-Yi AU - Qian, Chengcheng DO - 10.1002/2016GL071515 IS - 4 KW - extreme El Niño 2015/2016 El Niño 1997/1998 El Niño 4522 ENSO PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 1848-1856 ST - Why were the 2015/2016 and 1997/1998 extreme El Niños different? T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Why were the 2015/2016 and 1997/1998 extreme El Niños different? VL - 44 ID - 24636 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Paerl, Hans W. DO - 10.3390/life4040988 IS - 4 PY - 2014 SN - 2075-1729 SP - 988-1012 ST - Mitigating harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a human- and climatically-impacted world T2 - Life TI - Mitigating harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a human- and climatically-impacted world VL - 4 ID - 24078 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Paerl, HW; Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA; Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA; Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA; Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, NL-1018 WS Amsterdam, Netherlands AU - Paerl, H. W. AU - Huisman, J. C6 - NCA DA - Apr 4 DO - 10.1126/Science.1155398 IS - 5872 KW - phytoplankton communities; microcystis-aeruginosa; cyanobacteria; surface; lake; sea LA - English PY - 2008 RN - http://community.gleon.org/sites/default/files/uploaded/Paerl%26Huisman_2008_Science_Blooms_0.pdf SN - 0036-8075 SP - 57-58 ST - Blooms like it hot T2 - Science TI - Blooms like it hot VL - 320 ID - 14910 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Paerl, Hans W. AU - Huisman, Jef DO - 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2008.00004.x IS - 1 PY - 2009 SN - 1758-2229 SP - 27-37 ST - Climate change: A catalyst for global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms T2 - Environmental Microbiology Reports TI - Climate change: A catalyst for global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms VL - 1 ID - 24635 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Southwestern United States has a greater vulnerability to climate change impacts on water security due to a reliance on snowmelt driven imported water. The State of California, which is the most populous and agriculturally productive in the United States, depends on an extensive artificial water storage and conveyance system primarily for irrigated agriculture, municipal and industrial supply and hydropower generation. Here we take an integrative high-resolution ensemble modeling approach to examine near term climate change impacts on all imported and local sources of water supply to Southern California. While annual precipitation is projected to remain the same or slightly increase, rising temperatures result in a shift towards more rainfall, reduced cold season snowpack and earlier snowmelt. Associated with these hydrological changes are substantial increases in the frequency and the intensity of both drier conditions and flooding events. The 50 year extreme daily maximum precipitation and runoff events are 1.5–6 times more likely to occur depending on the water supply basin. Simultaneously, a clear deficit in total annual runoff over mountainous snow generating regions like the Sierra Nevada is projected. On one hand, the greater probability of drought decreases imported water supply availability. On the other hand, earlier snowmelt and significantly stronger winter precipitation events pose increased flood risk requiring water releases from control reservoirs, which may potentially decrease water availability outside of the wet season. Lack of timely local water resource expansion coupled with projected climate changes and population increases may leave the area in extended periods of shortages. AU - Pagán, Brianna R. AU - Ashfaq, Moetasim AU - Rastogi, Deeksha AU - Kendall, Donald R. AU - Kao, Shih-Chieh AU - Naz, Bibi S. AU - Mei, Rui AU - Pal, Jeremy S. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094026 IS - 9 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 094026 ST - Extreme hydrological changes in the southwestern US drive reductions in water supply to Southern California by mid century T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Extreme hydrological changes in the southwestern US drive reductions in water supply to Southern California by mid century VL - 11 ID - 23688 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Page, Christina AU - Bony, Lionel AU - Schewel, Laura PB - Rocky Mountain Institute PY - 2007 SP - 84 ST - Island of Hawaii Whole System Project: Phase I Report TI - Island of Hawaii Whole System Project: Phase I Report UR - http://www.kohalacenter.org/pdf/hi_wsp_2.pdf ID - 22495 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Page, Wesley G. AU - Jenkins, Michael J. DO - 10.1093/forestscience/53.6.662 PY - 2007 SP - 662-674 ST - Predicted fire behavior in selected mountain pine beetle infested lodgepole pine T2 - Forest Science TI - Predicted fire behavior in selected mountain pine beetle infested lodgepole pine VL - 53 ID - 25169 ER - TY - JOUR AU - PAGES 2K Consortium C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/ngeo1797 IS - 5 M3 - Progress Article PY - 2013 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 339-346 ST - Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia VL - 6 ID - 14913 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pahwa, Sakshi AU - Scoglio, Caterina AU - Scala, Antonio DA - 01/15/online DO - 10.1038/srep03694 M3 - Article PY - 2014 SP - 3694 ST - Abruptness of cascade failures in power grids T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Abruptness of cascade failures in power grids VL - 4 ID - 25274 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Paine, Jeffrey G. AU - Caudle, Tiffany L. AU - Andrews, John R. CY - Austin, TX PB - Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas PY - 2014 SP - 52 ST - Shoreline Movement along the Texas Gulf Coast, 1930’s to 2012 TI - Shoreline Movement along the Texas Gulf Coast, 1930’s to 2012 UR - http://www.beg.utexas.edu/coastal/presentations_reports/gulfShorelineUpdate_2012.pdf ID - 25911 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Paine, Jeffrey G. AU - Caudle, Tiffany L. AU - Andrews, John R. DO - 10.2112/jcoastres-d-15-00241.1 KW - Coastal change,sediment budget,beach profiles,storm erosion and recovery PY - 2017 SP - 487-506 ST - Shoreline and sand storage dynamics from annual airborne LIDAR surveys, Texas Gulf Coast T2 - Journal of Coastal Research TI - Shoreline and sand storage dynamics from annual airborne LIDAR surveys, Texas Gulf Coast ID - 25783 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A key scientific and policy challenge relating to invasive species at the world level is to understand and predict which countries are most vulnerable to the threat of invasive species. We present an analysis of the threat from almost 1,300 agricultural invasive species to the world (124 countries). The analysis examines the global distribution of these species, international trade flows, and each country’s main agricultural production crops, to determine potential invasion and impact of these invasive species. We found the most vulnerable countries to be from Sub-Saharan Africa, while those countries representing the greatest threat to the rest of the world (given the invasive species they already contain, and their trade patterns) to be the United States and China.Invasive species present significant threats to global agriculture, although how the magnitude and distribution of the threats vary between countries and regions remains unclear. Here, we present an analysis of almost 1,300 known invasive insect pests and pathogens, calculating the total potential cost of these species invading each of 124 countries of the world, as well as determining which countries present the greatest threat to the rest of the world given their trading partners and incumbent pool of invasive species. We find that countries vary in terms of potential threat from invasive species and also their role as potential sources, with apparently similar countries sometimes varying markedly depending on specifics of agricultural commodities and trade patterns. Overall, the biggest agricultural producers (China and the United States) could experience the greatest absolute cost from further species invasions. However, developing countries, in particular, Sub-Saharan African countries, appear most vulnerable in relative terms. Furthermore, China and the United States represent the greatest potential sources of invasive species for the rest of the world. The analysis reveals considerable scope for ongoing redistribution of known invasive pests and highlights the need for international cooperation to slow their spread. AU - Paini, Dean R. AU - Sheppard, Andy W. AU - Cook, David C. AU - De Barro, Paul J. AU - Worner, Susan P. AU - Thomas, Matthew B. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1602205113 IS - 27 PY - 2016 SP - 7575-7579 ST - Global threat to agriculture from invasive species T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Global threat to agriculture from invasive species VL - 113 ID - 25693 ER - TY - DATA AU - Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M. AU - Poppenga, S.K. AU - Danielson, J.J AU - Tyler, D.J. AU - Gesch, D.B. AU - Kottermair, M. AU - Jalandoni, A. AU - Carlson, E. AU - Thatcher, C. AU - Barbee, M C4 - 507b398a-1bf5-41fe-835f-6f5d953a1c17 DO - 10.5066/F7416VXX PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2017 ST - One meter topobathymetric digital elevation model for Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1944 to 2016 TI - One meter topobathymetric digital elevation model for Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1944 to 2016 ID - 26413 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Palecki, M.A. AU - Changnon, S.A. AU - Kunkel, K.E. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<1353:TNAIOT>2.3.CO;2 PY - 2001 SP - 1353-1368 ST - The nature and impacts of the July 1999 heat wave in the midwestern United States: Learning from the lessons of 1995 T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - The nature and impacts of the July 1999 heat wave in the midwestern United States: Learning from the lessons of 1995 VL - 82 ID - 14919 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Palla, A. AU - Gnecco, I. AU - La Barbera, P. DA - 2017/04/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.025 KW - Hydrologic performance SWMM Rainwater harvesting Source control Storage tank Storm water PY - 2017 SN - 0301-4797 SP - 297-305 ST - The impact of domestic rainwater harvesting systems in storm water runoff mitigation at the urban block scale T2 - Journal of Environmental Management TI - The impact of domestic rainwater harvesting systems in storm water runoff mitigation at the urban block scale VL - 191 ID - 25238 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Palmer, Michael C. CY - Woods Hole, MA DO - 10.7289/V5V9862C NV - Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 14-14 PB - NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service PY - 2014 SP - 41 ST - 2014 Assessment Update Report of the Gulf of Maine Atlantic Cod Stock TI - 2014 Assessment Update Report of the Gulf of Maine Atlantic Cod Stock ID - 21908 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pan, Y. AU - Birdsey, R. AU - Hom, J. AU - McCullough, K. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.049 IS - 2 PY - 2009 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 151-164 ST - Separating effects of changes in atmospheric composition, climate and land-use on carbon sequestration of US Mid-Atlantic temperate forests T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Separating effects of changes in atmospheric composition, climate and land-use on carbon sequestration of US Mid-Atlantic temperate forests VL - 259 ID - 14925 ER - TY - JOUR AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA. ypan@fs.fed.us AU - Pan, Y. AU - Birdsey, R. A. AU - Fang, J. AU - Houghton, R. AU - Kauppi, P. E. AU - Kurz, W. A. AU - Phillips, O. L. AU - Shvidenko, A. AU - Lewis, S. L. AU - Canadell, J. G. AU - Ciais, P. AU - Jackson, R. B. AU - Pacala, S. W. AU - McGuire, A. D. AU - Piao, S. AU - Rautiainen, A. AU - Sitch, S. AU - Hayes, D. C6 - NCA DA - Aug 19 DO - 10.1126/science.1201609 ET - 2011/07/19 IS - 6045 KW - Atmosphere; Biomass; Carbon/analysis; Carbon Dioxide/analysis; *Carbon Sequestration; Climate Change; Conservation of Natural Resources; *Ecosystem; *Trees; Tropical Climate LA - eng M3 - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PY - 2011 SN - 1095-9203 (Electronic); 0036-8075 (Linking) SP - 988-93 ST - A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests T2 - Science TI - A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests VL - 333 ID - 14926 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pan, Z. AU - Andrade, D. AU - Segal, M. AU - Wimberley, J. AU - McKinney, N. AU - Takle, E. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.11.013 IS - 5 PY - 2010 SN - 0304-3800 SP - 876-881 ST - Uncertainty in future soil carbon trends at a central US site under an ensemble of GCM scenario climates T2 - Ecological Modelling TI - Uncertainty in future soil carbon trends at a central US site under an ensemble of GCM scenario climates VL - 221 ID - 14928 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pan, Z. AU - Arritt, R.W. AU - Takle, E.S. AU - Gutowski, W.J., Jr. AU - Anderson, C.J. AU - Segal, M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2004GL020528 IS - 17 PY - 2004 SN - 0094-8276 SP - L17109 ST - Altered hydrologic feedback in a warming climate introduces a “warming hole” T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Altered hydrologic feedback in a warming climate introduces a “warming hole” VL - 31 ID - 14929 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Some parts of the United States, especially the southeastern and central portion, cooled by up to 2°C during the twentieth century, while the global mean temperature rose by 0.6°C (0.76°C from 1901 to 2006). Studies have suggested that the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) may be responsible for this cooling, termed the “warming hole” (WH), while other works reported that regional-scale processes such as the low-level jet and evapotranspiration contribute to the abnormity. In phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3), only a few of the 53 simulations could reproduce the cooling. This study analyzes newly available simulations in experiments from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) from 28 models, totaling 175 ensemble members. It was found that 1) only 19 out of 100 all-forcing historical ensemble members simulated negative temperature trend (cooling) over the southeast United States, with 99 members underpredicting the cooling rate in the region; 2) the missing of cooling in the models is likely due to the poor performance in simulating the spatial pattern of the cooling rather than the temporal variation, as indicated by a larger temporal correlation coefficient than spatial one between the observation and simulations; 3) the simulations with greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing only produced strong warming in the central United States that may have compensated the cooling; and 4) the all-forcing historical experiment compared with the natural-forcing-only experiment showed a well-defined WH in the central United States, suggesting that land surface processes, among others, could have contributed to the cooling in the twentieth century. AU - Pan, Zaitao AU - Liu, Xiaodong AU - Kumar, Sanjiv AU - Gao, Zhiqiu AU - Kinter, James DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00559.1 IS - 17 KW - Climate change,Climate prediction,Climate variability,Model comparison,Model evaluation/performance PY - 2013 SP - 6215-6237 ST - Intermodel variability and mechanism attribution of central and southeastern U.S. anomalous cooling in the twentieth century as simulated by CMIP5 models T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Intermodel variability and mechanism attribution of central and southeastern U.S. anomalous cooling in the twentieth century as simulated by CMIP5 models VL - 26 ID - 19571 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many physiological responses in present-day coral reefs to climate change are interpreted as consistent with the imminent disappearance of modern reefs globally because of annual mass bleaching events, carbonate dissolution, and insufficient time for substantial evolutionary responses. Emerging evidence for variability in the coral calcification response to acidification, geographical variation in bleaching susceptibility and recovery, responses to past climate change, and potential rates of adaptation to rapid warming supports an alternative scenario in which reef degradation occurs with greater temporal and spatial heterogeneity than current projections suggest. Reducing uncertainty in projecting coral reef futures requires improved understanding of past responses to rapid climate change; physiological responses to interacting factors, such as temperature, acidification, and nutrients; and the costs and constraints imposed by acclimation and adaptation. AU - Pandolfi, John M. AU - Connolly, Sean R. AU - Marshall, Dustin J. AU - Cohen, Anne L. DA - 2011/07/22/ DO - 10.1126/science.1204794 DP - PubMed IS - 6041 KW - carbon dioxide Animals Biological Evolution global warming Conservation of Natural Resources Ecosystem Biodiversity Anthozoa Seawater Oceans and Seas Calcification, Physiologic Forecasting Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Symbiosis LA - eng PY - 2011 SN - 1095-9203 SP - 418-422 ST - Projecting coral reef futures under global warming and ocean acidification T2 - Science TI - Projecting coral reef futures under global warming and ocean acidification VL - 333 ID - 22496 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Panno, Angelo AU - Carrus, Giuseppe AU - Lafortezza, Raffaele AU - Mariani, Luigi AU - Sanesi, Giovanni DA - 2017/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.016 KW - Nature-based solutions Global warming Cognitive resources Urban heat island Climate change Ego depletion Wellbeing PY - 2017 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 249-256 ST - Nature-based solutions to promote human resilience and wellbeing in cities during increasingly hot summers T2 - Environmental Research TI - Nature-based solutions to promote human resilience and wellbeing in cities during increasingly hot summers VL - 159 ID - 25976 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Panteli, Mathaios AU - Kirschen, Daniel S. DA - 2015/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.01.008 KW - Control center Decision-making Power systems Situation awareness Power System Observability Power System Operation PY - 2015 SN - 0378-7796 SP - 140-151 ST - Situation awareness in power systems: Theory, challenges and applications T2 - Electric Power Systems Research TI - Situation awareness in power systems: Theory, challenges and applications VL - 122 ID - 21414 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Panteli, M. AU - Mancarella, P. DO - 10.1109/MPE.2015.2397334 IS - 3 KW - critical infrastructures power grids power system reliability critical power infrastructures power grid power system resilience Electricity supply industry Meteorology Power distribution planning Resilience PY - 2015 SN - 1540-7977 SP - 58-66 ST - The grid: Stronger, bigger, smarter? Presenting a conceptual framework of power system resilience T2 - IEEE Power and Energy Magazine TI - The grid: Stronger, bigger, smarter? Presenting a conceptual framework of power system resilience VL - 13 ID - 25928 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this paper, the authors present results from a study of climate change and community adaptation, focusing on two African American communities on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay. These two communities are representative of small, resource-poor communities that are particularly prone to increased flooding, storms, and erosion accompanying climate change. The authors frame their research within a focus on distributive and procedural justice, including considerations of the role of adaptation capacity and vulnerability. They use methods from cognitive–environmental anthropology and psychometrics to ground a participatory and multidisciplinary approach that emphasizes community participation and the sharing of scientific and program information on climate change and adaptation. Their results suggest that community members have a holistic understanding of climate change, recognize a wide range of potential community and individual impacts, face specific vulnerabilities, and are organized through their churches to engage in efforts to reduce the impacts of increased flooding and storms on their communities. AU - Paolisso, Michael AU - Douglas, Ellen AU - Enrici, Ashley AU - Kirshen, Paul AU - Watson, Chris AU - Ruth, Matthias DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-11-00039.1 IS - 1 KW - Coastlines,Estuaries,Communications/decision making,Flood events,Local effects,Societal impacts PY - 2012 SP - 34-47 ST - Climate change, justice, and adaptation among African American communities in the Chesapeake Bay region T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Climate change, justice, and adaptation among African American communities in the Chesapeake Bay region VL - 4 ID - 24006 ER - TY - THES AU - Papiez, Chelsie CY - Olympia, WA M3 - Master’s Thesis, Environmental Studies PB - The Evergreen State College PY - 2009 SP - 119 ST - Climate Change Implications for the Quileute and Hoh Tribes of Washington: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Assessing Climatic Disruptions to Coastal Indigenous Communities TI - Climate Change Implications for the Quileute and Hoh Tribes of Washington: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Assessing Climatic Disruptions to Coastal Indigenous Communities UR - https://tribalclimateguide.uoregon.edu/literature/papiez-c-2009-climate-change-implications-quileute-and-hoh-tribes-washington ID - 14933 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Pappis, Costas P. C4 - b9024cb0-0df4-45a9-8cfa-f22f55a2bd40 CY - Hershey, PA PB - IGI Global PY - 2010 SN - 9781616928001 SP - 354 ST - Climate Change, Supply Chain Management and Enterprise Adaptation: Implications of Global Warming on the Economy TI - Climate Change, Supply Chain Management and Enterprise Adaptation: Implications of Global Warming on the Economy ID - 22114 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Studies of multiple taxa across broad-scales suggest that species distributions are shifting poleward in response to global climate change. Recognizing the influence of distribution shifts on population indices will be an important part of interpreting trends within management units because current practice often assumes that changes in local populations reflect local habitat conditions. However, the individual- and population-level processes that drive distribution shifts may occur across a large, regional scale and have little to do with the habitats within the management unit. We examined the latitudinal center of abundance for the winter distributions of six western North America raptor species using Christmas Bird Counts from 1975–2011. Also, we considered whether population indices within western North America Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs) were explained by distribution shifts. All six raptors had significant poleward shifts in their wintering distributions over time. Rough-legged Hawks (Buteo lagopus) and Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) showed the fastest rate of change, with 8.41 km yr−1 and 7.74 km yr−1 shifts, respectively. Raptors may be particularly responsive to warming winters because of variable migration tendencies, intraspecific competition for nesting sites that drives males to winter farther north, or both. Overall, 40% of BCR population trend models were improved by incorporating information about wintering distributions; however, support for the effect of distribution on BCR indices varied by species with Rough-legged Hawks showing the most evidence. These results emphasize the importance of understanding how regional distribution shifts influence local-scale population indices. If global climate change is altering distribution patterns, then trends within some management units may not reflect changes in local habitat conditions. The methods used to monitor and manage bird populations within local BCRs will fundamentally change as species experience changes in distribution in response to climate change. AU - Paprocki, Neil AU - Heath, Julie A. AU - Novak, Stephen J. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0086814 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SP - e86814 ST - Regional distribution shifts help explain local changes in wintering raptor abundance: Implications for interpreting population trends T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Regional distribution shifts help explain local changes in wintering raptor abundance: Implications for interpreting population trends VL - 9 ID - 23689 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In settler-colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States, the historical impacts of colonisation on the health, social, economic and cultural experiences of Indigenous peoples are well documented. However, despite being a commonly deployed trope, there has been scant attention paid to precisely how colonial processes contribute to contemporary disparities in health between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples in these nation-states. After considering pertinent issues in defining indigeneity, this paper focuses on operationalising colonisation as a driver of indigenous health, with reference to emerging concepts such as historical trauma. Conceptualisations of coloniality vis-à-vis health and their critiques are then examined alongside the role of racism as an intersecting and overlapping phenomenon. To conclude, approaches to understanding and explaining Indigenous disadvantage are considered alongside the potential of decolonisation, before exploring ramifications for the future of settler-indigenous relations. AU - Paradies, Yin DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s12546-016-9159-y IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1835-9469 SP - 83-96 ST - Colonisation, racism and indigenous health T2 - Journal of Population Research TI - Colonisation, racism and indigenous health VL - 33 ID - 25358 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Paradis, A. AU - Elkinton, J. AU - Hayhoe, K. AU - Buonaccorsi, J. C6 - NCA DA - Jun DO - 10.1007/s11027-007-9127-0 IS - 5-6 KW - Adelges tsugae; Climate change; Hemlock; Invasive species; Woolly; adelgid M3 - Article PY - 2008 SN - 1381-2386 SP - 541-554 ST - Role of winter temperature and climate change on the survival and future range expansion of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) in eastern North America T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - Role of winter temperature and climate change on the survival and future range expansion of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) in eastern North America VL - 13 ID - 14934 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Parain, Elodie C. AU - Gravel, Dominique AU - Rohr, Rudolf P. AU - Bersier, Louis-Félix AU - Gray, Sarah M. DO - 10.1002/ece3.2236 IS - 14 KW - Consumer-resource predator–prey reciprocal-transplant experiment Sarracenia purpurea temperature PY - 2016 SN - 2045-7758 SP - 4885-4897 ST - Mismatch in microbial food webs: Predators but not prey perform better in their local biotic and abiotic conditions T2 - Ecology and Evolution TI - Mismatch in microbial food webs: Predators but not prey perform better in their local biotic and abiotic conditions VL - 6 ID - 23433 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Populations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the environment can be influenced by numerous factors. We assessed the correlation of total (tl+) and potentially virulent (tdh+) V. parahaemolyticus in water with three harmful algal bloom (HAB) genera (Pseudo-nitzschia, Alexandrium and Dinophysis), the abundance of diatoms and dinoflagellates, chlorophyll-a and temperature, salinity and macronutrients at five sites in Washington State from 2008–2009. The variability in V. parahaemolyticus density was explained predominantly by strong seasonal trends where maximum densities occurred in June, 2 months prior to the highest seasonal water temperature. In spite of large geographic differences in temperature, salinity and nutrients, there was little evidence of corresponding differences in V. parahaemolyticus density. In addition, there was no evident relationship between V. parahaemolyticus and indices of HAB genera, perhaps due to a lack of significant HAB events during the sampling period. The only nutrient significantly associated with V. parahaemolyticus density after accounting for the seasonal trend was silicate. This negative relationship may be caused by a shift in cell wall structure for some diatom species to a chitinous substrate preferred by V. parahaemolyticus. Results from our study differ from those in other regions corroborating previous findings that environmental factors that trigger vibrio and HAB events may differ depending on geographic locations. Therefore caution should be used when applying results from one region to another. AU - Paranjpye, Rohinee N. AU - Nilsson, William B. AU - Liermann, Martin AU - Hilborn, Elizabeth D. AU - George, Barbara J. AU - Li, Quanlin AU - Bill, Brian D. AU - Trainer, Vera L. AU - Strom, Mark S. AU - Sandifer, Paul A. DO - 10.1093/femsec/fiv121 IS - 12 N1 - 10.1093/femsec/fiv121 PY - 2015 SN - 0168-6496 SP - fiv121 ST - Environmental influences on the seasonal distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific Northwest of the USA T2 - FEMS Microbiology Ecology TI - Environmental influences on the seasonal distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific Northwest of the USA VL - 91 ID - 24005 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Frost is an important episodic event that damages plant tissues through the formation of ice crystals at or below freezing temperatures. In montane regions, where climate change is expected to cause earlier snow melt but may not change the last frost‐free day of the year, plants that bud earlier might be directly impacted by frost through damage to flower buds and reproductive structures. However, the indirect effects of frost mediated through changes in plant–pollinator interactions have rarely been explored. We examined the direct and pollinator‐mediated indirect effects of frost on three wildflower species in southwestern Colorado, USA, Delphinium barbeyi (Ranunculaceae), Erigeron speciosus (Asteraceae), and Polemonium foliosissimum (Polemoniaceae), by simulating moderate (−1 to −5°C) frost events in early spring in plants in situ. Subsequently, we measured plant growth, and upon flowering measured flower morphology and phenology. Throughout the flowering season, we monitored pollinator visitation and collected seeds to measure plant reproduction. We found that frost had species‐specific direct and indirect effects. Frost had direct effects on two of the three species. Frost significantly reduced flower size, total flowers produced, and seed production of Erigeron. Furthermore, frost reduced aboveground plant survival and seed production for Polemonium. However, we found no direct effects of frost on Delphinium. When we considered the indirect impacts of frost mediated through changes in pollinator visitation, one species, Erigeron, incurred indirect, negative effects of frost on plant reproduction through changes in floral traits and pollinator visitation, along with direct effects. Overall, we found that flowering plants exhibited species‐specific direct and pollinator‐mediated indirect responses to frost, thus suggesting that frost may play an important role in affecting plant communities under climate change. AU - Pardee, Gabriella L. AU - Inouye, David W. AU - Irwin, Rebecca E. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13865 IS - 2 PY - 2018 SP - 848-857 ST - Direct and indirect effects of episodic frost on plant growth and reproduction in subalpine wildflowers T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Direct and indirect effects of episodic frost on plant growth and reproduction in subalpine wildflowers VL - 24 ID - 25692 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Parham, Paul E. AU - Waldock, Joanna AU - Christophides, George K. AU - Hemming, Deborah AU - Agusto, Folashade AU - Evans, Katherine J. AU - Fefferman, Nina AU - Gaff, Holly AU - Gumel, Abba AU - LaDeau, Shannon AU - Lenhart, Suzanne AU - Mickens, Ronald E. AU - Naumova, Elena N. AU - Ostfeld, R. S. AU - Ready, Paul D. AU - Thomas, Matthew B. AU - Velasco-Hernandez, Jorge AU - Michael, Edwin DO - 10.1098/rstb.2013.0551 IS - 1665 PY - 2015 ST - Climate, environmental and socio-economic change: Weighing up the balance in vector-borne disease transmission T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Climate, environmental and socio-economic change: Weighing up the balance in vector-borne disease transmission VL - 370 ID - 19173 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Park, Chang-Eui AU - Jeong, Su-Jong AU - Ho, Chang-Hoi AU - Kim, Jinwon DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00753.1 IS - 7 PY - 2015 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 2884-2899 ST - Regional variations in potential plant habitat changes in response to multiple global warming scenarios T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Regional variations in potential plant habitat changes in response to multiple global warming scenarios VL - 28 ID - 22626 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is limited information on the natural history of building occupants’ health in relation to attempts to remediate moisture damage. We examined changes in respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms in 1,175 office building occupants over seven years with multiple remediation attempts. During each of four surveys, we categorized participants using a severity score: 0 = asymptomatic; 1 = mild, symptomatic in the last 12 months, but not frequently in the last 4 weeks; 2 = severe, symptomatic at least once weekly in the last 4 weeks. Building-related symptoms were defined as improving away from the building. We used random intercept models adjusted for demographics, smoking, building tenure, and microbial exposures to estimate temporal changes in the odds of building-related symptoms or severity scores independent of the effect of microbial exposures. Trend analyses of combined mild/severe symptoms showed no changes in the odds of respiratory symptoms but significant improvement in non-respiratory symptoms over time. Separate analyses showed increases in the odds of severe respiratory symptoms (odds ratio/year = 1.15‒1.16, p-values<0.05) and severity scores (0.02/year, p-values<0.05) for wheezing and shortness of breath on exertion, due to worsening of participants in the mild symptom group. For non-respiratory symptoms, we found no changes in the odds of severe symptoms but improvement in severity scores (-0.04‒-0.01/year, p-values<0.05) and the odds for mild fever and chills, excessive fatigue, headache, and throat symptoms (0.65–0.79/year, p-values<0.05). Our study suggests that after the onset of respiratory and severe non-respiratory symptoms associated with dampness/mold, remediation efforts might not be effective in improving occupants’ health. AU - Park, Ju-Hyeong AU - Cho, Sook Ja AU - White, Sandra K. AU - Cox-Ganser, Jean M. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0191165 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - e0191165 ST - Changes in respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms in occupants of a large office building over a period of moisture damage remediation attempts T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Changes in respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms in occupants of a large office building over a period of moisture damage remediation attempts VL - 13 ID - 26222 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper addresses temporal variability in bottom hypoxia in broad shallow areas of Mobile Bay, Alabama. Time-series data collected in the summer of 2004 from one station (mean depth of 4 m) exhibit bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) variations associated with various time scales of hours to days. Despite a large velocity shear, stratification was strong enough to suppress vertical mixing most of the time. Bottom DO was closely related to the vertical salinity gradient (ΔS). Hypoxia seldom occurred when ΔS (over 2.5 m) was <2 psu and occurred almost all the time when ΔS was >8 psu in the absence of extreme events like hurricanes. Oxygen balance between vertical mixing and total oxygen demand was considered for bottom water from which oxygen demand and diffusive oxygen flux were estimated. The estimated decay rates at 20°C ranging between 0.175–0.322 d−1 and the corresponding oxygen consumption as large as 7.4 g O2 m−2 d−1 fall at the upper limit of previously reported ranges. The diffusive oxygen flux and the corresponding vertical diffusivity estimated for well mixed conditions range between 8.6–9.5 g O2 m−2 d−1 and 2.6–2.9 m2 d−1, respectively. Mobile Bay hypoxia is likely to be associated with a large oxygen demand, supported by both water column and sediment oxygen demands, so that oxygen supply from surface water during destratification events would be quickly exhausted to return to hypoxic conditions within a few hours to days after destratification events are terminated. AU - Park, Kyeong AU - Kim, Choong-Ki AU - Schroeder, William W. DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/bf02782967 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2007 SN - 1559-2731 SP - 54-65 ST - Temporal variability in summertime bottom hypoxia in shallow areas of Mobile Bay, Alabama T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - Temporal variability in summertime bottom hypoxia in shallow areas of Mobile Bay, Alabama VL - 30 ID - 25540 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We use a global three-dimensional model (GEOS-CHEM) to better quantify the sources of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) aerosols in the United States through simulation of year-round observations for 1998 at a network of 45 sites (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE)). Simulation with our best a priori understanding of sources, including global satellite data to constrain fire emissions, captures most of the variance in the observations (R super 2 = 0.84 for EC, 0.67 for OC) with a low bias of 15 percent for EC and 26 percent for OC. Multiple linear regression to fit the IMPROVE data yields best estimates of 1998 U.S. sources of 0.60 Tg year super -1 EC and 0.52 Tg year super -1 OC from fossil fuel; 0.07 Tg year super -1 EC and 0.89 Tg year super -1 OC from biofuel; 0.08 Tg year super -1 EC and 0.60 Tg year super -1 OC from wildfires; and 1.10 Tg year super -1 OC from vegetation. We find that fires in Mexico and Canada contributed 40-70 percent of annual mean natural EC in the United States for 1998 and 20-30 percent of annual mean natural OC. Transpacific transport from Asian pollution sources amounted to less than 10 percent of the natural EC and less than 2 percent of the natural OC; in contrast to ozone, we find that intercontinental transport of anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosols does not enhance significantly the natural background. IMPROVE observations and model simulations for the summer of 1995 show that Canadian fire emissions can produce large events of elevated EC and OC in the southeastern United States. Our best estimates of mean natural concentrations of EC and OC in the United States, using a model simulation with climatological monthly mean fire emissions, are 2-3 times higher than the default values recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for visibility calculations, except for OC in the eastern United States (16 percent lower). AU - Park, Rokjin J. AU - Jacob, Daniel J. AU - Chin, Mian AU - Martin, Randall V. DO - 10.1029/2002JD003190 IS - D12 PY - 2003 SN - 2067320696 SP - 4355 ST - Sources of carbonaceous aerosols over the United States and implications for natural visibility T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Sources of carbonaceous aerosols over the United States and implications for natural visibility VL - 108 ID - 18909 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Park, S. E. AU - Marshall, N. A. AU - Jakku, E. AU - Dowd, A. M. AU - Howden, S. M. AU - Mendham, E. AU - Fleming, A. DA - 2012/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.10.003 IS - 1 KW - Transition management Decision-making Resilience Adaptive capacity Adaptation Action Cycles PY - 2012 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 115-126 ST - Informing adaptation responses to climate change through theories of transformation T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Informing adaptation responses to climate change through theories of transformation VL - 22 ID - 24177 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Monitoring and understanding climate-induced changes in the boreal and arctic vegetation is critical to aid in prognosticating their future. We used a 33 year (1982–2014) long record of satellite observations to robustly assess changes in metrics of growing season (onset: SOS, end: EOS and length: LOS) and seasonal total gross primary productivity. Particular attention was paid to evaluating the accuracy of these metrics by comparing them to multiple independent direct and indirect growing season and productivity measures. These comparisons reveal that the derived metrics capture the spatio-temporal variations and trends with acceptable significance level (generally p  < 0.05). We find that LOS has lengthened by 2.60 d dec −1 ( p < 0.05) due to an earlier onset of SOS (−1.61 d dec −1 , p < 0.05) and a delayed EOS (0.67 d dec −1 , p < 0.1) at the circumpolar scale over the past three decades. Relatively greater rates of changes in growing season were observed in Eurasia (EA) and in boreal regions than in North America (NA) and the arctic regions. However, this tendency of earlier SOS and delayed EOS was prominent only during the earlier part of the data record (1982–1999). During the later part (2000–2014), this tendency was reversed, i.e. delayed SOS and earlier EOS. As for seasonal total productivity, we find that 42.0% of northern vegetation shows a statistically significant ( p < 0.1) greening trend over the last three decades. This greening translates to a 20.9% gain in productivity since 1982. In contrast, only 2.5% of northern vegetation shows browning, or a 1.2% loss of productivity. These trends in productivity were continuous through the period of record, unlike changes in growing season metrics. Similarly, we find relatively greater increasing rates of productivity in EA and in arctic regions than in NA and the boreal regions. These results highlight spatially and temporally varying vegetation dynamics and are reflective of biome-specific responses of northern vegetation during last three decades. AU - Park, Taejin AU - Ganguly, Sangram AU - Tømmervik, Hans AU - Euskirchen, Eugénie S. AU - Høgda, Kjell-Arild AU - Karlsen, Stein Rune AU - Brovkin, Victor AU - Nemani, Ramakrishna R. AU - Myneni, Ranga B. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/8/084001 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 084001 ST - Changes in growing season duration and productivity of northern vegetation inferred from long-term remote sensing data T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Changes in growing season duration and productivity of northern vegetation inferred from long-term remote sensing data VL - 11 ID - 25450 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In 1974 Manley produced a time series of monthly average temperatures representative of central England for 1659–1973. The present paper describes how a series of homogenized daily values representative of the same region has been formed. This series starts in 1772, and is consistent with Manley's monthly average values. Between 1772 and 1876 the daily series is based on a sequence of single stations whose variance has been reduced to counter the artificial increase that results from sampling single locations. For subsequent years, the series has been produced from combinations of as few stations as can reliably represent central England in the manner defined by Manley. We have used the daily series to update Manley's published monthly series in a consistent way. We have evaluated recent urban warming influences at the chosen stations by comparison with nearby rural stations, and have corrected the series from 1974 onwards. The corrections do not (yet) exceed 0.1°C. We present all the monthly data from 1974, along with averages and standard deviations for 1961–1990. We also show sequences of daily central England temperature for sample years. All the daily data are available on request. AU - Parker, D. E. AU - Legg, T. P. AU - Folland, C. K. DO - 10.1002/joc.3370120402 IS - 4 PY - 1992 SP - 317-342 ST - A new daily central England temperature series, 1772–1991 T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - A new daily central England temperature series, 1772–1991 VL - 12 ID - 25417 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Average annual absolute minimum temperatures (TN n ) provide a means of delineating agriculturally relevant climate zones and are used to define cold hardiness zones (CHZ) by the United States Department of Agriculture. Projected changes in TN n , mean winter minimum temperatures, and CHZs over the conterminous United States (CONUS) were assessed using an ensemble of statistically downscaled daily climate model output through the mid 21st century (2041–2070). Warming of TN n is on average ∼40% greater than that of mean winter minimum temperatures across CONUS with an average climate velocity of 21.4 km decade −1 resulting in widespread shifts in CHZs. These changes enable a geographic expansion of thermally suitable areas for the cultivation of cold-intolerant perennial agriculture including almond, kiwi, and orange crops. Beyond these crops, warming of TN n has broad implications for food security and biotic interactions. AU - Parker, Lauren E. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034001 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 034001 ST - Projected changes in cold hardiness zones and suitable overwinter ranges of perennial crops over the United States T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Projected changes in cold hardiness zones and suitable overwinter ranges of perennial crops over the United States VL - 11 ID - 19787 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Parker, Thomas AU - Carroll, Sean P. AU - Sanders, Gregg AU - King, Jason E. AU - Chiu, Imes PY - 2016 SP - 54-61 ST - The U.S. Pacific Command response to Super Typhoon Haiyan T2 - Joint Force Quarterly TI - The U.S. Pacific Command response to Super Typhoon Haiyan UR - http://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-82/jfq-82_54-61_Parker-et-al.pdf VL - 82 ID - 22115 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Several aspects of wildland fire are moderated by site- and landscape-level vegetation changes caused by previous fire, thereby creating a dynamic where one fire exerts a regulatory control on subsequent fire. For example, wildland fire has been shown to regulate the size and severity of subsequent fire. However, wildland fire has the potential to influence other properties of subsequent fire. One of those properties – the extent to which a previous wildland fire inhibits new fires from igniting and spreading within its perimeter – is the focus of our study. In four large wilderness study areas in the western United States (US), we evaluated whether or not wildland fire regulated the ignition and spread (hereafter occurrence) of subsequent fire. Results clearly indicate that wildland fire indeed regulates subsequent occurrence of fires ≥ 20 ha in all study areas. We also evaluated the longevity of the regulating effect and found that wildland fire limits subsequent fire occurrence for nine years in the warm/dry study area in the south-western US and over 20 years in the cooler/wetter study areas in the northern Rocky Mountains. Our findings expand upon our understanding of the regulating capacity of wildland fire and the importance of wildland fire in creating and maintaining resilience to future fire events. AU - Parks, Sean A. AU - Miller, Carol AU - Holsinger, Lisa M. AU - Baggett, L. Scott AU - Bird, Benjamin J. DO - 10.1071/WF15107 IS - 2 KW - age-dependence, failure time analysis, fire as a fuel treatment, fire history, hazard analysis, ignition, self-limiting, self-regulation, survival analysis, wilderness. PY - 2016 SP - 182-190 ST - Wildland fire limits subsequent fire occurrence T2 - International Journal of Wildland Fire TI - Wildland fire limits subsequent fire occurrence VL - 25 ID - 25170 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Anthropogenic climate change (ACC) will influence all aspects of plant biology over coming decades. Many changes in wild species have already been well-documented as a result of increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, warming climate and changing precipitation regimes. A wealth of available data has allowed the use of meta-analyses to examine plant–climate interactions on more sophisticated levels than before. These analyses have revealed major differences in plant response among groups, e.g. with respect to functional traits, taxonomy, life-history and provenance. Interestingly, these meta-analyses have also exposed unexpected mismatches between theory, experimental, and observational studies.Scope We reviewed the literature on species’ responses to ACC, finding ∼42 % of 4000 species studied globally are plants (primarily terrestrial). We review impacts on phenology, distributions, ecophysiology, regeneration biology, plant–plant and plant–herbivore interactions, and the roles of plasticity and evolution. We focused on apparent deviations from expectation, and highlighted cases where more sophisticated analyses revealed that unexpected changes were, in fact, responses to ACC.Conclusions We found that conventionally expected responses are generally well-understood, and that it is the aberrant responses that are now yielding greater insight into current and possible future impacts of ACC. We argue that inconclusive, unexpected, or counter-intuitive results should be embraced in order to understand apparent disconnects between theory, prediction, and observation. We highlight prime examples from the collection of papers in this Special Issue, as well as general literature. We found use of plant functional groupings/traits had mixed success, but that some underutilized approaches, such as Grime's C/S/R strategies, when incorporated, have improved understanding of observed responses. Despite inherent difficulties, we highlight the need for ecologists to conduct community-level experiments in systems that replicate multiple aspects of ACC. Specifically, we call for development of coordinating experiments across networks of field sites, both natural and man-made. AU - Parmesan, Camille AU - Hanley, Mick E. DO - 10.1093/aob/mcv169 IS - 6 N1 - 10.1093/aob/mcv169 PY - 2015 SN - 0305-7364 SP - 849-864 ST - Plants and climate change: Complexities and surprises T2 - Annals of Botany TI - Plants and climate change: Complexities and surprises VL - 116 ID - 23434 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Causal attribution of recent biological trends to climate change is complicated because non-climatic influences dominate local, short-term biological changes. Any underlying signal from climate change is likely to be revealed by analyses that seek systematic trends across diverse species and geographic regions; however, debates within the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reveal several definitions of a 'systematic trend'. Here, we explore these differences, apply diverse analyses to more than 1,700 species, and show that recent biological trends match climate change predictions. Global meta-analyses documented significant range shifts averaging 6.1 km per decade towards the poles ( or metres per decade upward), and significant mean advancement of spring events by 2.3 days per decade. We define a diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial 'sign-switching' responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends. Among appropriate long-term/large-scale/multi-species data sets, this diagnostic fingerprint was found for 279 species. This suite of analyses generates 'very high confidence' (as laid down by the IPCC) that climate change is already affecting living systems. AD - Parmesan, C (reprint author), Univ Texas, Patterson Labs 141, Austin, TX 78712 USA; Univ Texas, Patterson Labs 141, Austin, TX 78712 USA; Wesleyan Univ, Publ Affairs Ctr 238, Middletown, CT 06459 USA AU - Parmesan, C. AU - Yohe, G. C6 - NCA DA - JAN 2 2003 DO - 10.1038/nature01286 IS - 6918 KW - EGG-LAYING TRENDS; BRITISH BUTTERFLIES; PHENOLOGY; PLANTS; RESPONSES; BIRDS; TIME; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE; MOUNTAIN LA - English PY - 2003 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 37-42 ST - A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems T2 - Nature TI - A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems VL - 421 ID - 14946 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Parris, A. AU - Bromirski, P. AU - Burkett, V. AU - Cayan, D. AU - Culver, M. AU - Hall, J. AU - Horton, R. AU - Knuuti, K. AU - Moss, R. AU - Obeysekera, J. AU - Sallenger, A. AU - Weiss, J. C6 - NCA CY - Silver Spring, MD NV - NOAA Tech Memo OAR CPO-1 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2012 SP - 37 ST - Global Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States National Climate Assessment TI - Global Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States National Climate Assessment UR - http://scenarios.globalchange.gov/sites/default/files/NOAA_SLR_r3_0.pdf ID - 14947 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Parris, Adam S. AU - Garfin, Gregg M. AU - Dow, Kirstin AU - Meyer, Ryan AU - Close, Sarah L. CY - Chichester, UK DO - 10.1002/9781118474785 PB - John Wiley & Sons PY - 2016 SN - 9781118474792 9781118474785 SP - 274 ST - Climate in Context: Science and Society Partnering for Adaptation TI - Climate in Context: Science and Society Partnering for Adaptation ID - 25881 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Parrish, David D. AU - Singh, Hanwant B. AU - Molina, Luisa AU - Madronich, Sasha DA - 2011/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.039 IS - 39 KW - Air quality Megacities Ozone Particulate matter Pollution PY - 2011 SN - 1352-2310 SP - 7015-7025 ST - Air quality progress in North American megacities: A review T2 - Atmospheric Environment TI - Air quality progress in North American megacities: A review VL - 45 ID - 24247 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Parrotta, John A. A2 - Trosper, Ronald L. AB - The holders and users of traditional forest-related knowledge are on the front lines of global efforts to deal with climate change and its impacts. Because of their close connection with, and high dependence on, forest ecosystems and landscapes, indigenous and local communities are among the first to witness, understand, and experience the impacts of climate change on forests and woodlands as well as on their livelihoods and cultures. The history of forest and agricultural landscape management practices of indigenous and local communities based on their traditional knowledge offer insights into principles and approaches that may be effective in coping with, and adapting to, climate change in the years ahead. Global, regional, national and local efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change, however, have not yet given adequate attention either to the forest-related knowledge and practices of traditional communities, or to the interests, needs and rights of local and indigenous communities in the formulation of policies and programmes to combat climate change. Due consideration of, and a more prominent role for, traditional forest-related knowledge and its practitioners could lead to the development of more effective and equitable approaches for facing the challenges posed by climate change while enhancing prospects for sustainable management of forest resources. AU - Parrotta, John A. AU - Agnoletti, Mauro C4 - 3845c887-7e66-4eee-8651-9b345d2611fb CY - Dordrecht DO - 10.1007/978-94-007-2144-9_13 PB - Springer Netherlands PY - 2012 SN - 978-94-007-2144-9 SP - 491-533 ST - Traditional forest-related knowledge and climate change T2 - Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge: Sustaining Communities, Ecosystems and Biocultural Diversity TI - Traditional forest-related knowledge and climate change ID - 24927 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Parsons, Meg AU - Brown, Cilla AU - Nalau, Johanna AU - Fisher, Karen DO - 10.1080/17565529.2017.1410082 PY - 2017 SN - 1756-5529 SP - 1-20 ST - Assessing adaptive capacity and adaptation: Insights from Samoan tourism operators T2 - Climate and Development TI - Assessing adaptive capacity and adaptation: Insights from Samoan tourism operators ID - 25359 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Partain, J. L., Jr. AU - Alden, S. AU - Bhatt, U.S. AU - Bieniek, P. A. AU - Brettschneider, B. R. AU - Lader, R. AU - Olsson, P. Q. AU - Rupp, T. S. AU - Strader, H. AU - Jr., R. L. Thoman AU - Walsh, J. E. AU - York, A. D. AU - Zieh, R. H. DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0149.1 PY - 2016 SP - S14-S18 ST - An assessment of the role of anthropogenic climate change in the Alaska fire season of 2015 [in “Explaining Extreme Events of 2015 from a Climate Perspective”] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - An assessment of the role of anthropogenic climate change in the Alaska fire season of 2015 [in “Explaining Extreme Events of 2015 from a Climate Perspective”] VL - 97 (12) ID - 20418 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Great Plains region of the United States is an agricultural production center for the global market and, as such, an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This article uses historical agricultural census data and ecosystem models to estimate the magnitude of annual GHG fluxes from all agricultural sources (e.g., cropping, livestock raising, irrigation, fertilizer production, tractor use) in the Great Plains from 1870 to 2000. Here, we show that carbon (C) released during the plow-out of native grasslands was the largest source of GHG emissions before 1930, whereas livestock production, direct energy use, and soil nitrous oxide emissions are currently the largest sources. Climatic factors mediate these emissions, with cool and wet weather promoting C sequestration and hot and dry weather increasing GHG release. This analysis demonstrates the long-term ecosystem consequences of both historical and current agricultural activities, but also indicates that adoption of available alternative management practices could substantially mitigate agricultural GHG fluxes, ranging from a 34% reduction with a 25% adoption rate to as much as complete elimination with possible net sequestration of C when a greater proportion of farmers adopt new agricultural practices. AU - Parton, William J. AU - Gutmann, Myron P. AU - Merchant, Emily R. AU - Hartman, Melannie D. AU - Adler, Paul R. AU - McNeal, Frederick M. AU - Lutz, Susan M. DA - August 25, 2015 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1416499112 IS - 34 PY - 2015 SP - E4681-E4688 ST - Measuring and mitigating agricultural greenhouse gas production in the US Great Plains, 1870–2000 T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Measuring and mitigating agricultural greenhouse gas production in the US Great Plains, 1870–2000 VL - 112 ID - 23566 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We present a novel approach to characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of regional cooling across the eastern United States (commonly called the U.S. warming hole), by defining a spatially explicit boundary around the region of most persistent cooling. The warming hole emerges after a regime shift in 1958 where annual maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures decreased by 0.83°C and 0.46°C, respectively. The annual warming hole consists of two distinct seasonal modes, one located in the southeastern United States during winter and spring and the other in the midwestern United States during summer and autumn. A correlation analysis indicates that the seasonal modes differ in causation. Winter temperatures in the warming hole are significantly correlated with the Meridional Circulation Index, North Atlantic Oscillation, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. However, the variability of ocean-atmosphere circulation modes is insufficient to explain the summer temperature patterns of the warming hole. AU - Partridge, T. F. AU - Winter, J. M. AU - Osterberg, E. C. AU - Hyndman, D. W. AU - Kendall, A. D. AU - Magilligan, F. J. DO - 10.1002/2017GL076463 IS - 4 PY - 2018 SP - 2055-2063 ST - Spatially Distinct Seasonal Patterns and Forcings of the U.S. Warming Hole T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Spatially Distinct Seasonal Patterns and Forcings of the U.S. Warming Hole VL - 45 ID - 26297 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Passeri, Davina L. AU - Hagen, Scott C. AU - Medeiros, Stephen C. AU - Bilskie, Matthew V. AU - Alizad, Karim AU - Wang, Dingbao DO - 10.1002/2015EF000298 IS - 6 KW - sea level rise hydrodynamics coastal morphology marsh ecology 1641 Sea level change 1625 Geomorphology and weathering 4235 Estuarine processes 4534 Hydrodynamic modeling PY - 2015 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 159-181 ST - The dynamic effects of sea level rise on low-gradient coastal landscapes: A review T2 - Earth’s Future TI - The dynamic effects of sea level rise on low-gradient coastal landscapes: A review VL - 3 ID - 19968 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pastick, Neal J. AU - Jorgenson, M. Torre AU - Goetz, Scott J. AU - Jones, Benjamin M. AU - Wylie, Bruce K. AU - Minsley, Bruke J. AU - Genet, Helene AU - Knight, Joseph F. AU - Swanson, David K. AU - Jorgenson, Janet C. DO - 10.1111/gcb.14279 PY - 2018 ST - Spatiotemporal remote sensing of ecosystem change and causation across Alaska T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Spatiotemporal remote sensing of ecosystem change and causation across Alaska ID - 25822 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pastick, Neal J. AU - Jorgenson, M. Torre AU - Wylie, Bruce K. AU - Nield, Shawn J. AU - Johnson, Kristofer D. AU - Finley, Andrew O. DA - 10// DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.019 KW - Alaska Data mining Pedometrics Near-surface permafrost Machine learning Remote sensing PY - 2015 SN - 0034-4257 SP - 301-315 ST - Distribution of near-surface permafrost in Alaska: Estimates of present and future conditions T2 - Remote Sensing of Environment TI - Distribution of near-surface permafrost in Alaska: Estimates of present and future conditions VL - 168 ID - 22272 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Patiño, Reynaldo AU - Dawson, Dan AU - VanLandeghem, Matthew M. DA - 2014/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.hal.2013.12.006 KW - Harmful algal bloom Inland waters Range expansion Salinity Water quality trends PY - 2014 SN - 1568-9883 SP - 1-11 ST - Retrospective analysis of associations between water quality and toxic blooms of golden alga (Prymnesium parvum) in Texas reservoirs: Implications for understanding dispersal mechanisms and impacts of climate change T2 - Harmful Algae TI - Retrospective analysis of associations between water quality and toxic blooms of golden alga (Prymnesium parvum) in Texas reservoirs: Implications for understanding dispersal mechanisms and impacts of climate change VL - 33 ID - 25203 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Patskoski, Jason AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. DO - 10.1002/2014WR016189 IS - 7 KW - tree rings reservoir sizing sequent peak algorithm storage-reliability-yield curves ENSO 1857 Reservoirs (surface) 1860 Streamflow 4920 Dendrochronology 4922 El Nino PY - 2015 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 5677-5697 ST - Improved reservoir sizing utilizing observed and reconstructed streamflows within a Bayesian combination framework T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Improved reservoir sizing utilizing observed and reconstructed streamflows within a Bayesian combination framework VL - 51 ID - 21517 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Patskoski, Jason AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Wang, Hui DA - 8// DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.05.041 KW - Dendro-hydrology Streamflow reconstruction Singular spectrum analysis Principal component analysis Paleo-climate PY - 2015 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 761-775 ST - Reconstructed streamflow using SST and tree-ring chronologies over the southeastern United States T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Reconstructed streamflow using SST and tree-ring chronologies over the southeastern United States VL - 527 ID - 21518 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Paul, Bimal Kanti AU - Che, Deborah AU - Tinnon, Vicki L. CY - Boulder, CO NV - Quick Response Report 191 PB - Natural Hazards Center PY - 2007 SP - 12 ST - Emergency Responses for High Plains Cattle Affected by the December 28-31, 2006, Blizzard TI - Emergency Responses for High Plains Cattle Affected by the December 28-31, 2006, Blizzard UR - http://hermes.cde.state.co.us/drupal/islandora/object/co%3A5497/datastream/OBJ/view ID - 23635 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effect of global climate change on infectious disease remains hotly debated because multiple extrinsic and intrinsic drivers interact to influence transmission dynamics in nonlinear ways. The dominant drivers of widespread pathogens, like West Nile virus, can be challenging to identify due to regional variability in vector and host ecology, with past studies producing disparate findings. Here, we used analyses at national and state scales to examine a suite of climatic and intrinsic drivers of continental-scale West Nile virus epidemics, including an empirically derived mechanistic relationship between temperature and transmission potential that accounts for spatial variability in vectors. We found that drought was the primary climatic driver of increased West Nile virus epidemics, rather than within-season or winter temperatures, or precipitation independently. Local-scale data from one region suggested drought increased epidemics via changes in mosquito infection prevalence rather than mosquito abundance. In addition, human acquired immunity following regional epidemics limited subsequent transmission in many states. We show that over the next 30 years, increased drought severity from climate change could triple West Nile virus cases, but only in regions with low human immunity. These results illustrate how changes in drought severity can alter the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases. AU - Paull, Sara H. AU - Horton, Daniel E. AU - Ashfaq, Moetasim AU - Rastogi, Deeksha AU - Kramer, Laura D. AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S. AU - Kilpatrick, A. Marm DO - 10.1098/rspb.2016.2078 IS - 1848 PY - 2017 ST - Drought and immunity determine the intensity of West Nile virus epidemics and climate change impacts T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Drought and immunity determine the intensity of West Nile virus epidemics and climate change impacts VL - 284 ID - 23690 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Paustian, Keith AU - Lehmann, Johannes AU - Ogle, Stephen AU - Reay, David AU - Robertson, G. Philip AU - Smith, Pete DA - 04/06/online DO - 10.1038/nature17174 M3 - Perspective PY - 2016 SP - 49-57 ST - Climate-smart soils T2 - Nature TI - Climate-smart soils VL - 532 ID - 23567 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell A. DO - 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00486.x KW - added by ERG PY - 2008 SP - 642-649 ST - The nature of urban soils and their role in ecological restoration in cities T2 - Restoration Ecology TI - The nature of urban soils and their role in ecological restoration in cities VL - 16 ID - 23069 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Payne, Ashley E. AU - Magnusdottir, Gudrun DO - 10.1002/2015JD023586 IS - 21 KW - atmospheric rivers CMIP5 evaluation North Pacific RCP 8.5 moisture transport 1610 Atmosphere 1620 Climate dynamics 1626 Global climate models 3305 Climate change and variability 4313 Extreme events PY - 2015 SN - 2169-8996 SP - 11,173-11,190 ST - An evaluation of atmospheric rivers over the North Pacific in CMIP5 and their response to warming under RCP 8.5 T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - An evaluation of atmospheric rivers over the North Pacific in CMIP5 and their response to warming under RCP 8.5 VL - 120 ID - 19753 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Paz, Shlomit AU - Semenza, Jan C. DA - 2016/02/20/ DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00256-7 IS - 10020 PY - 2016 SN - 0140-6736 SP - 745 ST - El Niño and climate change—Contributing factors in the dispersal of Zika virus in the Americas? T2 - The Lancet TI - El Niño and climate change—Contributing factors in the dispersal of Zika virus in the Americas? VL - 387 ID - 22058 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Severe drought has the potential to cause selective mortality within a forest, thereby inducing shifts in forest species composition. The southern Sierra Nevada foothills and mountains of California have experienced extensive forest dieback due to drought stress and insect outbreak. We used high‐fidelity imaging spectroscopy (HiFIS) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) from the Carnegie Airborne Observatory (CAO) to estimate the effect of forest dieback on species composition in response to drought stress in Sequoia National Park. Our aims were (1) to quantify site‐specific conditions that mediate tree mortality along an elevation gradient in the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains, (2) to assess where mortality events have a greater probability of occurring, and (3) to estimate which tree species have a greater likelihood of mortality along the elevation gradient. A series of statistical models were generated to classify species composition and identify tree mortality, and the influences of different environmental factors were spatially quantified and analyzed to assess where mortality events have a greater likelihood of occurring. A higher probability of mortality was observed in the lower portion of the elevation gradient, on southwest‐ and west‐facing slopes, in areas with shallow soils, on shallower slopes, and at greater distances from water. All of these factors are related to site water balance throughout the landscape. Our results also suggest that mortality is species‐specific along the elevation gradient, mainly affecting Pinus ponderosa and Pinus lambertiana at lower elevations. Selective mortality within the forest may drive long‐term shifts in community composition along the elevation gradient. AU - Paz‐Kagan, Tarin AU - Brodrick, Philip G. AU - Vaughn, Nicholas R. AU - Das, Adrian J. AU - Stephenson, Nathan L. AU - Nydick, Koren R. AU - Asner, Gregory P. DO - 10.1002/eap.1620 IS - 8 PY - 2017 SP - 2443-2457 ST - What mediates tree mortality during drought in the southern Sierra Nevada? T2 - Ecological Applications TI - What mediates tree mortality during drought in the southern Sierra Nevada? VL - 27 ID - 25171 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Peace, Janet AU - Crawford, Meg AU - Seidel, Stephen CY - Arlington, VA PB - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES) PY - 2013 SP - 94 ST - Weathering the Storm: Building Business Resilience to Climate Change TI - Weathering the Storm: Building Business Resilience to Climate Change UR - https://www.c2es.org/document/weathering-the-storm-building-business-resilience-to-climate-change-2/ ID - 22117 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Peace, Janet AU - Maher, Katy CY - Arlington, VA PB - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES) PY - 2015 SP - 58 ST - Weathering the Next Storm: A Closer Look at Business Resilience TI - Weathering the Next Storm: A Closer Look at Business Resilience UR - https://www.c2es.org/publications/weathering-next-storm-closer-look-business-resilience ID - 22116 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Pearce, Alan AU - Lenanton, R. AU - Jackson, Gary AU - Moore, James AU - Feng, Ming AU - Gaughan, Dan CY - North Beach, Western Australia NV - Fisheries Research Report No. 222 PB - Western Australia Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories PY - 2011 SP - 36 ST - The “Marine Heat Wave” off Western Australia During the Summer of 2010/11 TI - The “Marine Heat Wave” off Western Australia During the Summer of 2010/11 UR - http://www.fish.wa.gov.au/Documents/research_reports/frr222.pdf ID - 24887 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pearce, Tristan AU - Ford, James AU - Willox, Ashlee Cunsolo AU - Smit, Barry DA - 06/05/ DO - 10.14430/arctic4475 IS - 2 KW - adaptation, Inuit, Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (IQ), resilience, traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), subsistence hunting, vulnerability PY - 2015 SP - 233-245 ST - Inuit traditional ecological knowledge (TEK): Subsistence hunting and adaptation to climate change in the Canadian arctic T2 - Arctic TI - Inuit traditional ecological knowledge (TEK): Subsistence hunting and adaptation to climate change in the Canadian arctic VL - 68 ID - 22273 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Modelling strategies for predicting the potential impacts of climate change on the natural distribution of species have often focused on the characterization of a species’ bioclimate envelope. A number of recent critiques have questioned the validity of this approach by pointing to the many factors other than climate that play an important part in determining species distributions and the dynamics of distribution changes. Such factors include biotic interactions, evolutionary change and dispersal ability. This paper reviews and evaluates criticisms of bioclimate envelope models and discusses the implications of these criticisms for the different modelling strategies employed. It is proposed that, although the complexity of the natural system presents fundamental limits to predictive modelling, the bioclimate envelope approach can provide a useful first approximation as to the potentially dramatic impact of climate change on biodiversity. However, it is stressed that the spatial scale at which these models are applied is of fundamental importance, and that model results should not be interpreted without due consideration of the limitations involved. A hierarchical modelling framework is proposed through which some of these limitations can be addressed within a broader, scale-dependent context. AU - Pearson, Richard G. AU - Dawson, Terence P. DO - 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2003.00042.x IS - 5 PY - 2003 SP - 361-371 ST - Predicting the impacts of climate change on the distribution of species: Are bioclimate envelope models useful? T2 - Global Ecology and Biogeography TI - Predicting the impacts of climate change on the distribution of species: Are bioclimate envelope models useful? VL - 12 ID - 26095 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pearson, Richard G. AU - Stanton, Jessica C. AU - Shoemaker, Kevin T. AU - Aiello-Lammens, Matthew E. AU - Ersts, Peter J. AU - Horning, Ned AU - Fordham, Damien A. AU - Raxworthy, Christopher J. AU - Ryu, Hae Yeong AU - McNees, Jason AU - Akcakaya, H. Resit DA - 03//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2113 IS - 3 M3 - Letter PY - 2014 SN - 1758-678X SP - 217-221 ST - Life history and spatial traits predict extinction risk due to climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Life history and spatial traits predict extinction risk due to climate change VL - 4 ID - 21158 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is causing geographical redistribution of plant and animal species globally. These distributional shifts are leading to new ecosystems and ecological communities, changes that will affect human society. Pecl et al. review these current and future impacts and assess their implications for sustainable development goals.Science, this issue p. eaai9214BACKGROUNDThe success of human societies depends intimately on the living components of natural and managed systems. Although the geographical range limits of species are dynamic and fluctuate over time, climate change is impelling a universal redistribution of life on Earth. For marine, freshwater, and terrestrial species alike, the first response to changing climate is often a shift in location, to stay within preferred environmental conditions. At the cooler extremes of their distributions, species are moving poleward, whereas range limits are contracting at the warmer range edge, where temperatures are no longer tolerable. On land, species are also moving to cooler, higher elevations; in the ocean, they are moving to colder water at greater depths. Because different species respond at different rates and to varying degrees, key interactions among species are often disrupted, and new interactions develop. These idiosyncrasies can result in novel biotic communities and rapid changes in ecosystem functioning, with pervasive and sometimes unexpected consequences that propagate through and affect both biological and human communities.ADVANCESAt a time when the world is anticipating unprecedented increases in human population growth and demands, the ability of natural ecosystems to deliver ecosystem services is being challenged by the largest climate-driven global redistribution of species since the Last Glacial Maximum. We demonstrate the serious consequences of this species redistribution for economic development, livelihoods, food security, human health, and culture, and we document feedbacks on climate itself. As with other impacts of climate change, species range shifts will leave “winners” and “losers” in their wake, radically reshaping the pattern of human well-being between regions and different sectors and potentially leading to substantial conflict. The pervasive impacts of changes in species distribution transcend single systems or dimensions, with feedbacks and linkages between multiple interacting scales and through whole ecosystems, inclusive of humans. We argue that the negative effects of climate change cannot be adequately anticipated or prepared for unless species responses are explicitly included in decision-making and global strategic frameworks.OUTLOOKDespite mounting evidence for the pervasive and substantial impacts of a climate-driven redistribution of Earth’s species, current global goals, policies, and international agreements fail to account for these effects. With the predicted intensification of species movements and their diverse societal and environmental impacts, awareness of species “on the move” should be incorporated into local, regional, and global assessments as standard practice. This will raise hope that future targets—whether they be global sustainability goals, plans for regional biodiversity maintenance, or local fishing or forestry harvest strategies—can be achievable and that society is prepared for a world of universal ecological change. Human society has yet to appreciate the implications of unprecedented species redistribution for life on Earth, including for human lives. Even if greenhouse gas emissions stopped today, the responses required in human systems to adapt to the most serious effects of climate-driven species redistribution would be massive. Meeting these challenges requires governance that can anticipate and adapt to changing conditions, as well as minimize negative consequences.As the global climate changes, human well-being, ecosystem function, and even climate itself are increasingly affected by the shifting geography of life.Climate-driven changes in species distributions, or range hifts, affect human well-being both directly (for example, through emerging diseases and changes in food supply) and indirectly (by degrading ecosystem health). Some range shifts even create feedbacks (positive or negative) on the climate system, altering the pace of climate change. Distributions of Earth’s species are changing at accelerating rates, increasingly driven by human-mediated climate change. Such changes are already altering the composition of ecological communities, but beyond conservation of natural systems, how and why does this matter? We review evidence that climate-driven species redistribution at regional to global scales affects ecosystem functioning, human well-being, and the dynamics of climate change itself. Production of natural resources required for food security, patterns of disease transmission, and processes of carbon sequestration are all altered by changes in species distribution. Consideration of these effects of biodiversity redistribution is critical yet lacking in most mitigation and adaptation strategies, including the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. AU - Pecl, Gretta T. AU - Araújo, Miguel B. AU - Bell, Johann D. AU - Blanchard, Julia AU - Bonebrake, Timothy C. AU - Chen, I-Ching AU - Clark, Timothy D. AU - Colwell, Robert K. AU - Danielsen, Finn AU - Evengård, Birgitta AU - Falconi, Lorena AU - Ferrier, Simon AU - Frusher, Stewart AU - Garcia, Raquel A. AU - Griffis, Roger B. AU - Hobday, Alistair J. AU - Janion-Scheepers, Charlene AU - Jarzyna, Marta A. AU - Jennings, Sarah AU - Lenoir, Jonathan AU - Linnetved, Hlif I. AU - Martin, Victoria Y. AU - McCormack, Phillipa C. AU - McDonald, Jan AU - Mitchell, Nicola J. AU - Mustonen, Tero AU - Pandolfi, John M. AU - Pettorelli, Nathalie AU - Popova, Ekaterina AU - Robinson, Sharon A. AU - Scheffers, Brett R. AU - Shaw, Justine D. AU - Sorte, Cascade J. B. AU - Strugnell, Jan M. AU - Sunday, Jennifer M. AU - Tuanmu, Mao-Ning AU - Vergés, Adriana AU - Villanueva, Cecilia AU - Wernberg, Thomas AU - Wapstra, Erik AU - Williams, Stephen E. DO - 10.1126/science.aai9214 IS - 6332 PY - 2017 SP - eaai9214 ST - Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being T2 - Science TI - Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being VL - 355 ID - 24889 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Peden, Amanda AU - Droppers, Oliver CY - Portland, OR NV - OHA 8440 (09/15) PB - Oregon Health Authority, Office of Health Policy PY - 2016 SP - 23 ST - Oregon CCO Housing Supports: Survey Report 2016 TI - Oregon CCO Housing Supports: Survey Report 2016 UR - http://www.oregon.gov/oha/HPA/HP/docs/OHA%208440%20CCO-Housing-Survey-Report.pdf ID - 24792 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Reduction of the Arctic sea ice cover can affect the atmospheric circulation and thus impact the climate beyond the Arctic. The atmospheric response may, however, vary with the geographical location of sea ice loss. The atmospheric sensitivity to the location of sea ice loss is studied using a general circulation model in a configuration that allows combination of a prescribed sea ice cover and an active mixed layer ocean. This hybrid setup makes it possible to simulate the isolated impact of sea ice loss and provides a more complete response compared to experiments with fixed sea surface temperatures. Three investigated sea ice scenarios with ice loss in different regions all exhibit substantial near-surface warming, which peaks over the area of ice loss. The maximum warming is found during winter, delayed compared to the maximum sea ice reduction. The wintertime response of the midlatitude atmospheric circulation shows a nonuniform sensitivity to the location of sea ice reduction. While all three scenarios exhibit decreased zonal winds related to high-latitude geopotential height increases, the magnitudes and locations of the anomalies vary between the simulations. Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation reveals a high sensitivity to the location of the ice loss. The northern center of action exhibits clear shifts in response to the different sea ice reductions. Sea ice loss in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Arctic cause westward and eastward shifts, respectively. AU - Pedersen, Rasmus A. AU - Cvijanovic, Ivana AU - Langen, Peter L. AU - Vinther, Bo M. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-15-0315.1 IS - 2 KW - Geographic location/entity,Arctic,Sea ice,Circulation/ Dynamics,Atmospheric circulation,Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena,North Atlantic Oscillation,Models and modeling,General circulation models PY - 2016 SP - 889-902 ST - The impact of regional arctic sea ice loss on atmospheric circulation and the NAO T2 - Journal of Climate TI - The impact of regional arctic sea ice loss on atmospheric circulation and the NAO VL - 29 ID - 23325 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pederson, Gregory T. AU - Betancourt, Julio L. AU - McCabe, Gregory J. DO - 10.1002/grl.50424 IS - 9 KW - snow tree rings snow model water resources paleoclimate climate change 0736 Snow 1621 Cryospheric change 1616 Climate variability 1637 Regional climate change 9350 North America PY - 2013 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 1811-1816 ST - Regional patterns and proximal causes of the recent snowpack decline in the Rocky Mountains, U.S T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Regional patterns and proximal causes of the recent snowpack decline in the Rocky Mountains, U.S VL - 40 ID - 20858 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Little Ice Age (14th–19th centuries A.D.) glacial maxima and 20th century retreat have been well documented in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. However, the influence of regional and Pacific Basin driven climate variability on these events is poorly understood. We use tree-ring reconstructions of North Pacific surface temperature anomalies and summer drought as proxies for winter glacial accumulation and summer ablation, respectively, over the past three centuries. These records show that the 1850's glacial maximum was likely produced by ∼70 yrs of cool/wet summers coupled with high snowpack. Post 1850, glacial retreat coincides with an extended period (>50 yr) of summer drought and low snowpack culminating in the exceptional events of 1917 to 1941 when retreat rates for some glaciers exceeded 100 m/yr. This research highlights potential local and ocean-based drivers of glacial dynamics, and difficulties in separating the effects of global climate change from regional expressions of decadal-scale climate variability. AU - Pederson, Gregory T. AU - Fagre, Daniel B. AU - Gray, Stephen T. AU - Graumlich, Lisa J. DO - 10.1029/2004GL019770 IS - 12 PY - 2004 SP - L12203 ST - Decadal-scale climate drivers for glacial dynamics in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Decadal-scale climate drivers for glacial dynamics in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA VL - 31 ID - 26678 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pederson, Gregory T. AU - Graumlich, Lisa J. AU - Fagre, Daniel B. AU - Kipfer, Todd AU - Muhlfeld, Clint C. DO - 10.1007/s10584-009-9642-y IS - 1-2 PY - 2010 SP - 133-154 ST - A century of climate and ecosystem change in Western Montana: What do temperature trends portend? T2 - Climatic Change TI - A century of climate and ecosystem change in Western Montana: What do temperature trends portend? VL - 98 ID - 26679 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The northern Rocky Mountains (NRMs) are a critical headwaters region with the majority of water resources originating from mountain snowpack. Observations showing declines in western U.S. snowpack have implications for water resources and biophysical processes in high-mountain environments. This study investigates oceanic and atmospheric controls underlying changes in timing, variability, and trends documented across the entire hydroclimatic-monitoring system within critical NRM watersheds. Analyses were conducted using records from 25 snow telemetry (SNOTEL) stations, 148 1 April snow course records, stream gauge records from 14 relatively unimpaired rivers, and 37 valley meteorological stations. Over the past four decades, midelevation SNOTEL records show a tendency toward decreased snowpack with peak snow water equivalent (SWE) arriving and melting out earlier. Temperature records show significant seasonal and annual decreases in the number of frost days (days ≤0°C) and changes in spring minimum temperatures that correspond with atmospheric circulation changes and surface–albedo feedbacks in March and April. Warmer spring temperatures coupled with increases in mean and variance of spring precipitation correspond strongly to earlier snowmeltout, an increased number of snow-free days, and observed changes in streamflow timing and discharge. The majority of the variability in peak and total annual snowpack and streamflow, however, is explained by season-dependent interannual-to-interdecadal changes in atmospheric circulation associated with Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures. Over recent decades, increased spring precipitation appears to be buffering NRM total annual streamflow from what would otherwise be greater snow-related declines in hydrologic yield. Results have important implications for ecosystems, water resources, and long-lead-forecasting capabilities. AU - Pederson, Gregory T. AU - Gray, Stephen T. AU - Ault, Toby AU - Marsh, Wendy AU - Fagre, Daniel B. AU - Bunn, Andrew G. AU - Woodhouse, Connie A. AU - Graumlich, Lisa J. DO - 10.1175/2010jcli3729.1 IS - 6 KW - Hydrology,Snowmelt/icemelt,Streamflow,Water masses/storage,Watersheds PY - 2011 SP - 1666-1687 ST - Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains VL - 24 ID - 26680 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In western North America, snowpack has declined in recent decades, and further losses are projected through the 21st century. Here, we evaluate the uniqueness of recent declines using snowpack reconstructions from 66 tree-ring chronologies in key runoff-generating areas of the Colorado, Columbia, and Missouri River drainages. Over the past millennium, late 20th century snowpack reductions are almost unprecedented in magnitude across the northern Rocky Mountains and in their north-south synchrony across the cordillera. Both the snowpack declines and their synchrony result from unparalleled springtime warming that is due to positive reinforcement of the anthropogenic warming by decadal variability. The increasing role of warming on large-scale snowpack variability and trends foreshadows fundamental impacts on streamflow and water supplies across the western United States. AU - Pederson, Gregory T. AU - Gray, Stephen T. AU - Woodhouse, Connie A. AU - Betancourt, Julio L. AU - Fagre, Daniel B. AU - Littell, Jeremy S. AU - Watson, Emma AU - Luckman, Brian H. AU - Graumlich, Lisa J. DO - 10.1126/science.1201570 IS - 6040 PY - 2011 SP - 332-335 ST - The unusual nature of recent snowpack declines in the North American cordillera T2 - Science TI - The unusual nature of recent snowpack declines in the North American cordillera VL - 333 ID - 23840 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pederson, Neil AU - D'Amato, Anthony W. AU - Dyer, James M. AU - Foster, David R. AU - Goldblum, David AU - Hart, Justin L. AU - Hessl, Amy E. AU - Iverson, Louis R. AU - Jackson, Stephen T. AU - Martin-Benito, Dario AU - McCarthy, Brian C. AU - McEwan, Ryan W. AU - Mladenoff, David J. AU - Parker, Albert J. AU - Shuman, Bryan AU - Williams, John W. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12779 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2105-2110 ST - Climate remains an important driver of post-European vegetation change in the eastern United States T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Climate remains an important driver of post-European vegetation change in the eastern United States VL - 21 ID - 21961 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peer, A. C. AU - Miller, T. J. DA - 2014/01/02 DO - 10.1080/02755947.2013.847877 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SN - 0275-5947 SP - 94-110 ST - Climate change, migration phenology, and fisheries management interact with unanticipated consequences T2 - North American Journal of Fisheries Management TI - Climate change, migration phenology, and fisheries management interact with unanticipated consequences VL - 34 ID - 21722 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peer, Rebecca A. M. AU - Sanders, Kelly T. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa51d8 IS - 12 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 124030 ST - Characterizing cooling water source and usage patterns across US thermoelectric power plants: A comprehensive assessment of self-reported cooling water data T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Characterizing cooling water source and usage patterns across US thermoelectric power plants: A comprehensive assessment of self-reported cooling water data VL - 11 ID - 21333 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Pelagics Plan Team and Council Staff CY - Honolulu, HI DA - 2015 PB - NOAA, NMFS, Western Pacific Regional PY - 2015 SP - 309 ST - Pelagic Fisheries of the Western Pacific Region: 2013 Annual Report TI - Pelagic Fisheries of the Western Pacific Region: 2013 Annual Report UR - http://www.wpcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/2013-Pelagics-Annual-Report_Final.pdf ID - 22540 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Highly resolved time series data are useful to accurately identify the timing, rate, and magnitude of solute transport in streams during hydrologically dynamic periods such as snowmelt. We used in situ optical sensors for nitrate (NO3 −) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter fluorescence (FDOM) to measure surface water concentrations at 30 min intervals over the snowmelt period (March 21–May 13, 2009) at a 40.5 hectare forested watershed at Sleepers River, Vermont. We also collected discrete samples for laboratory absorbance and fluorescence as well as δ18O–NO3 − isotopes to help interpret the drivers of variable NO3 − and FDOM concentrations measured in situ. In situ data revealed seasonal, event and diurnal patterns associated with hydrological and biogeochemical processes regulating stream NO3 − and FDOM concentrations. An observed decrease in NO3 − concentrations after peak snowmelt runoff and muted response to spring rainfall was consistent with the flushing of a limited supply of NO3 − (mainly from nitrification) from source areas in surficial soils. Stream FDOM concentrations were coupled with flow throughout the study period, suggesting a strong hydrologic control on DOM concentrations in the stream. However, higher FDOM concentrations per unit streamflow after snowmelt likely reflected a greater hydraulic connectivity of the stream to leachable DOM sources in upland soils. We also observed diurnal NO3 − variability of 1–2 μmol l−1 after snowpack ablation, presumably due to in-stream uptake prior to leafout. A comparison of NO3 − and dissolved organic carbon yields (DOC, measured by FDOM proxy) calculated from weekly discrete samples and in situ data sub-sampled daily resulted in small to moderate differences over the entire study period (−4 to 1% for NO3 − and −3 to −14% for DOC), but resulted in much larger differences for daily yields (−66 to +27% for NO3 − and −88 to +47% for DOC, respectively). Despite challenges inherent in in situ sensor deployments in harsh seasonal conditions, these data provide important insights into processes controlling NO3 − and FDOM in streams, and will be critical for evaluating the effects of climate change on snowmelt delivery to downstream ecosystems. AU - Pellerin, Brian A. AU - Saraceno, John Franco AU - Shanley, James B. AU - Sebestyen, Stephen D. AU - Aiken, George R. AU - Wollheim, Wilfred M. AU - Bergamaschi, Brian A. DA - April 01 DO - 10.1007/s10533-011-9589-8 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1573-515X SP - 183-198 ST - Taking the pulse of snowmelt: In situ sensors reveal seasonal, event and diurnal patterns of nitrate and dissolved organic matter variability in an upland forest stream T2 - Biogeochemistry TI - Taking the pulse of snowmelt: In situ sensors reveal seasonal, event and diurnal patterns of nitrate and dissolved organic matter variability in an upland forest stream VL - 108 ID - 25172 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Pelling, Mark C4 - 3d19f4a6-97fc-4217-ad50-ac4214e6191a CY - Abingdon, UK PB - Routledge PY - 2010 SN - 978-0415477505 SP - 224 ST - Adaptation to Climate Change: From Resilience to Transformation TI - Adaptation to Climate Change: From Resilience to Transformation ID - 23634 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Transformation as an adaptive response to climate change opens a range of novel policy options. Used to describe responses that produce non-linear changes in systems or their host social and ecological environments, transformation also raises distinct ethical and procedural questions for decision-makers. Expanding adaptation to include transformation foregrounds questions of power and preference that have so far been underdeveloped in adaptation theory and practice. We build on David Harvey’s notion of activity space to derive a framework and research agenda for climate change adaptation seen as a political decision-point and as an opportunity for transformation, incremental adjustment or resistance to change in development pathway. Decision-making is unpacked through the notion of the activity space into seven coevolving sites: the individual, technology, livelihoods, discourse, behaviour, the environment and institutions. The framework is tested against practitioner priorities to define an agenda that can make coherent advances in research and practice on climate change adaptation. AU - Pelling, Mark AU - O’Brien, Karen AU - Matyas, David DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1303-0 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 113-127 ST - Adaptation and transformation T2 - Climatic Change TI - Adaptation and transformation VL - 133 ID - 25286 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Aim High intra‐specific genetic diversity is necessary for species adaptation to novel environments under climate change, but species tracking suitable conditions are losing alleles through successive founder events during range shift. Here, we investigated the relationship between range shift since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and extant population genetic diversity across multiple plant species to understand variability in species responses. Location The circumpolar Arctic and northern temperate alpine ranges. Methods We estimated the climatic niches of 30 cold‐adapted plant species using range maps coupled with species distribution models and hindcasted species suitable areas to reconstructions of the mid‐Holocene and LGM climates. We computed the species‐specific migration distances from the species glacial refugia to their current distribution and correlated distances to extant genetic diversity in 1295 populations. Differential responses among species were related to life‐history traits. Results We found a negative association between inferred migration distances from refugia and genetic diversities in 25 species, but only 11 had statistically significant negative slopes. The relationships between inferred distance and population genetic diversity were steeper for insect‐pollinated species than wind‐pollinated species, but the difference among pollination system was marginally independent from phylogenetic autocorrelation. Main conclusion The relationships between inferred migration distances and genetic diversities in 11 species, independent from current isolation, indicate that past range shifts were associated with a genetic bottleneck effect with an average of 21% loss of genetic diversity per 1000 km−1. In contrast, the absence of relationship in many species also indicates that the response is species specific and may be modulated by plant pollination strategies or result from more complex historical contingencies than those modelled here. AU - Pellissier, Loïc AU - Eidesen, Pernille Bronken AU - Ehrich, Dorothee AU - Descombes, Patrice AU - Schönswetter, Peter AU - Tribsch, Andreas AU - Westergaard, Kristine Bakke AU - Alvarez, Nadir AU - Guisan, Antoine AU - Zimmermann, Niklaus E. AU - Normand, Signe AU - Vittoz, Pascal AU - Luoto, Miska AU - Damgaard, Christian AU - Brochmann, Christian AU - Wisz, Mary S. AU - Alsos, Inger Greve DO - 10.1111/jbi.12657 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SP - 461-470 ST - Past climate‐driven range shifts and population genetic diversity in arctic plants T2 - Journal of Biogeography TI - Past climate‐driven range shifts and population genetic diversity in arctic plants VL - 43 ID - 25691 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pelto, M. S. DA - 2015/07/01 DO - 10.1175/2015BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 IS - 7 PY - 2015 SN - 0003-0007 SP - S19-S20 ST - [Global climate] Alpine glaciers [in “State of the Climate in 2014”] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - [Global climate] Alpine glaciers [in “State of the Climate in 2014”] VL - 96 (12) ID - 19468 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Reefs and People at Risk Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere put shallow, warm-water coral reef ecosystems, and the people who depend upon them at risk from two key global environmental stresses: 1) elevated sea surface temperature (that can cause coral bleaching and related mortality), and 2) ocean acidification. These global stressors: cannot be avoided by local management, compound local stressors, and hasten the loss of ecosystem services. Impacts to people will be most grave where a) human dependence on coral reef ecosystems is high, b) sea surface temperature reaches critical levels soonest, and c) ocean acidification levels are most severe. Where these elements align, swift action will be needed to protect people’s lives and livelihoods, but such action must be informed by data and science. An Indicator Approach Designing policies to offset potential harm to coral reef ecosystems and people requires a better understanding of where CO2-related global environmental stresses could cause the most severe impacts. Mapping indicators has been proposed as a way of combining natural and social science data to identify policy actions even when the needed science is relatively nascent. To identify where people are at risk and where more science is needed, we map indicators of biological, physical and social science factors to understand how human dependence on coral reef ecosystems will be affected by globally-driven threats to corals expected in a high-CO2 world. Western Mexico, Micronesia, Indonesia and parts of Australia have high human dependence and will likely face severe combined threats. As a region, Southeast Asia is particularly at risk. Many of the countries most dependent upon coral reef ecosystems are places for which we have the least robust data on ocean acidification. These areas require new data and interdisciplinary scientific research to help coral reef-dependent human communities better prepare for a high CO2 world. AU - Pendleton, Linwood AU - Comte, Adrien AU - Langdon, Chris AU - Ekstrom, Julia A. AU - Cooley, Sarah R. AU - Suatoni, Lisa AU - Beck, Michael W. AU - Brander, Luke M. AU - Burke, Lauretta AU - Cinner, Josh E. AU - Doherty, Carolyn AU - Edwards, Peter E. T. AU - Gledhill, Dwight AU - Jiang, Li-Qing AU - van Hooidonk, Ruben J. AU - Teh, Louise AU - Waldbusser, George G. AU - Ritter, Jessica DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0164699 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SP - e0164699 ST - Coral reefs and people in a high-CO2 world: Where can science make a difference to people? T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Coral reefs and people in a high-CO2 world: Where can science make a difference to people? VL - 11 ID - 25010 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Reefs and People at Risk Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere put shallow, warm-water coral reef ecosystems, and the people who depend upon them at risk from two key global environmental stresses: 1) elevated sea surface temperature (that can cause coral bleaching and related mortality), and 2) ocean acidification. These global stressors: cannot be avoided by local management, compound local stressors, and hasten the loss of ecosystem services. Impacts to people will be most grave where a) human dependence on coral reef ecosystems is high, b) sea surface temperature reaches critical levels soonest, and c) ocean acidification levels are most severe. Where these elements align, swift action will be needed to protect people’s lives and livelihoods, but such action must be informed by data and science. An Indicator Approach Designing policies to offset potential harm to coral reef ecosystems and people requires a better understanding of where CO2-related global environmental stresses could cause the most severe impacts. Mapping indicators has been proposed as a way of combining natural and social science data to identify policy actions even when the needed science is relatively nascent. To identify where people are at risk and where more science is needed, we map indicators of biological, physical and social science factors to understand how human dependence on coral reef ecosystems will be affected by globally-driven threats to corals expected in a high-CO2 world. Western Mexico, Micronesia, Indonesia and parts of Australia have high human dependence and will likely face severe combined threats. As a region, Southeast Asia is particularly at risk. Many of the countries most dependent upon coral reef ecosystems are places for which we have the least robust data on ocean acidification. These areas require new data and interdisciplinary scientific research to help coral reef-dependent human communities better prepare for a high CO2 world. AU - Pendleton, Linwood AU - Comte, Adrien AU - Langdon, Chris AU - Ekstrom, Julia A. AU - Cooley, Sarah R. AU - Suatoni, Lisa AU - Beck, Michael W. AU - Brander, Luke M. AU - Burke, Lauretta AU - Cinner, Josh E. AU - Doherty, Carolyn AU - Edwards, Peter E. T. AU - Gledhill, Dwight AU - Jiang, Li-Qing AU - van Hooidonk, Ruben J. AU - Teh, Louise AU - Waldbusser, George G. AU - Ritter, Jessica DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0164699 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SP - e0164699 ST - Coral reefs and people in a high-CO2 world: Where can science make a difference to people? T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Coral reefs and people in a high-CO2 world: Where can science make a difference to people? VL - 11 ID - 26145 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ocean acidification, climate change, and other environmental stressors threaten coral reef ecosystems and the people who depend upon them. New science reveals that these multiple stressors interact and may affect a multitude of physiological and ecological processes in complex ways. The interaction of multiple stressors and ecological complexity may mean that the negative effects on coral reef ecosystems will happen sooner and be more severe than previously thought. Yet, most research on the effects of global change on coral reefs focus on one or few stressors and pathways or outcomes (e.g. bleaching). Based on a critical review of the literature, we call for a regionally targeted strategy of mesocosm-level research that addresses this complexity and provides more realistic projections about coral reef impacts in the face of global environmental change. We believe similar approaches are needed for other ecosystems that face global environmental change. AU - Pendleton, Linwood H. AU - Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove AU - Langdon, Chris AU - Comte, Adrien DA - 2016-March-24 DO - 10.3389/fmars.2016.00036 KW - coral reefs,multiple stressors,mesocosm-level research,Climate Change,ocean acidification LA - English M3 - Mini Review PY - 2016 SN - 2296-7745 SP - article 36 ST - Multiple stressors and ecological complexity require a new approach to coral reef research T2 - Frontiers in Marine Science TI - Multiple stressors and ecological complexity require a new approach to coral reef research VL - 3 ID - 26144 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peng, Lizhengli AU - Stewart, Mark G. AU - Melchers, Robert E. DA - 2017/08/03 DO - 10.1080/15732479.2016.1229798 IS - 8 PY - 2017 SN - 1573-2479 SP - 988-1001 ST - Corrosion and capacity prediction of marine steel infrastructure under a changing environment T2 - Structure and Infrastructure Engineering TI - Corrosion and capacity prediction of marine steel infrastructure under a changing environment VL - 13 ID - 25623 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Penman, Donald E. AU - Hönisch, Bärbel AU - Zeebe, Richard E. AU - Thomas, Ellen AU - Zachos, James C. DO - 10.1002/2014PA002621 IS - 5 KW - ocean acidification PETM boron isotopes climate change 1041 Stable isotope geochemistry 1009 Geochemical modeling 4806 Carbon cycling 4948 Paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum 4901 Abrupt/rapid climate change PY - 2014 SN - 1944-9186 SP - 357-369 ST - Rapid and sustained surface ocean acidification during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum T2 - Paleoceanography TI - Rapid and sustained surface ocean acidification during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum VL - 29 ID - 20595 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Penn, Henry J. F. AU - Gerlach, S. Craig AU - Loring, Philip A. DA - 2016/10/01 DO - 10.1175/WCAS-D-15-0061.1 IS - 4 PY - 2016 SN - 1948-8327 SP - 435-446 ST - Seasons of stress: Understanding the dynamic nature of people’s ability to respond to change and surprise T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Seasons of stress: Understanding the dynamic nature of people’s ability to respond to change and surprise VL - 8 Y2 - 2017/03/27 ID - 22274 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Penobscot Indian Nation CY - Indian Island, ME PB - Department of Natural Resources PY - 2014 SP - 49 ST - Penobscot Nation Water Quality Standards TI - Penobscot Nation Water Quality Standards UR - https://www.penobscotnation.org/departments/natural-resources/water-resources/penobscot-nation-water-quality-standards ID - 26266 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perera, Frederica P. DO - 10.1289/EHP299 PY - 2017 SP - 141-148 ST - Multiple threats to child health from fossil fuel combustion: Impacts of air pollution and climate change T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Multiple threats to child health from fossil fuel combustion: Impacts of air pollution and climate change VL - 125 ID - 24102 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perez, Timothy M. AU - Stroud, James T. AU - Feeley, Kenneth J. DO - 10.1126/science.aaf3343 IS - 6280 PY - 2016 SP - 1392-1393 ST - Thermal trouble in the tropics T2 - Science TI - Thermal trouble in the tropics VL - 351 ID - 25009 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Perica, Sanja AU - Martin, Deborah AU - Pavlovic, Sandra AU - Roy, Ishani AU - Laurent, Michael St. AU - Trypaluk, Carl AU - Unruh, Dale AU - Yekta, Michael AU - Bonnin, Geoffrey CY - Silver Spring, MD NV - NOAA Atlas 14 Volume 9 PB - NOAA National Weather Service PY - 2013 SP - various ST - Precipitation-Frequency Atlas of the United States. Volume 9 Version 2.0: Southeastern States (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi) TI - Precipitation-Frequency Atlas of the United States. Volume 9 Version 2.0: Southeastern States (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi) UR - http://www.nws.noaa.gov/oh/hdsc/PF_documents/Atlas14_Volume9.pdf ID - 24406 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Groundwater pumping for agriculture is a major driver causing declines of global freshwater ecosystems, yet the ecological consequences for stream fish assemblages are rarely quantified. We combined retrospective (1950–2010) and prospective (2011–2060) modeling approaches within a multiscale framework to predict change in Great Plains stream fish assemblages associated with groundwater pumping from the United States High Plains Aquifer. We modeled the relationship between the length of stream receiving water from the High Plains Aquifer and the occurrence of fishes characteristic of small and large streams in the western Great Plains at a regional scale and for six subwatersheds nested within the region. Water development at the regional scale was associated with construction of 154 barriers that fragment stream habitats, increased depth to groundwater and loss of 558 km of stream, and transformation of fish assemblage structure from dominance by large-stream to small-stream fishes. Scaling down to subwatersheds revealed consistent transformations in fish assemblage structure among western subwatersheds with increasing depths to groundwater. Although transformations occurred in the absence of barriers, barriers along mainstem rivers isolate depauperate western fish assemblages from relatively intact eastern fish assemblages. Projections to 2060 indicate loss of an additional 286 km of stream across the region, as well as continued replacement of large-stream fishes by small-stream fishes where groundwater pumping has increased depth to groundwater. Our work illustrates the shrinking of streams and homogenization of Great Plains stream fish assemblages related to groundwater pumping, and we predict similar transformations worldwide where local and regional aquifer depletions occur. AU - Perkin, Joshuah S. AU - Gido, Keith B. AU - Falke, Jeffrey A. AU - Fausch, Kurt D. AU - Crockett, Harry AU - Johnson, Eric R. AU - Sanderson, John DA - July 11, 2017 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1618936114 IS - 28 PY - 2017 SP - 7373-7378 ST - Groundwater declines are linked to changes in Great Plains stream fish assemblages T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Groundwater declines are linked to changes in Great Plains stream fish assemblages VL - 114 ID - 23222 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Perkins, Richard H. AU - Bensi, Michelle T. AU - Philip, Jacob AU - Sancaktar, Selim PB - U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission PY - 2011 SP - 42 ST - Screening Analysis Report for the Proposed Generic Issue on Flooding of Nuclear Power Plant Sites Following Upstream Dam Failures TI - Screening Analysis Report for the Proposed Generic Issue on Flooding of Nuclear Power Plant Sites Following Upstream Dam Failures UR - https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1135/ML113500495.pdf ID - 26487 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perlut, Noah G. AU - Strong, Allan M. DO - 10.1002/jwmg.81 IS - 3 KW - apparent survival bobolink dolichonyx oryzivorus grassland birds northeastern United States Passerculus sandwichensis pasture management reproduction rotational-grazing savannah sparrow PY - 2011 SN - 1937-2817 SP - 715-720 ST - Grassland birds and rotational-grazing in the northeast: Breeding ecology, survival and management opportunities T2 - Journal of Wildlife Management TI - Grassland birds and rotational-grazing in the northeast: Breeding ecology, survival and management opportunities VL - 75 ID - 23435 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perlut, Noah G. AU - Strong, Allan M. AU - Alexander, Toby J. DO - 10.1002/jwmg.199 IS - 7 KW - agri-environmental policy bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus eastern meadowlark Grassland Bird Conservation Incentive hayland management Passerculus sandwichensis Savannah sparrow Sturnella magna wildlife friendly farming PY - 2011 SN - 1937-2817 SP - 1657-1663 ST - A model for integrating wildlife science and agri-environmental policy in the conservation of declining species T2 - Journal of Wildlife Management TI - A model for integrating wildlife science and agri-environmental policy in the conservation of declining species VL - 75 ID - 23436 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Arctic temperatures have risen dramatically relative to those of lower latitudes in recent decades, with a common supposition being that sea ice declines are primarily responsible for amplified Arctic tropospheric warming. This conjecture is central to a hypothesis in which Arctic sea ice loss forms the beginning link of a causal chain that includes weaker westerlies in midlatitudes, more persistent and amplified midlatitude waves, and more extreme weather. Through model experimentation, the first step in this chain is examined by quantifying contributions of various physical factors to October–December (OND) mean Arctic tropospheric warming since 1979. The results indicate that the main factors responsible for Arctic tropospheric warming are recent decadal fluctuations and long-term changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs), both located outside the Arctic. Arctic sea ice decline is the largest contributor to near-surface Arctic temperature increases, but it accounts for only about 20% of the magnitude of 1000–500-hPa warming. These findings thus disconfirm the hypothesis that deep tropospheric warming in the Arctic during OND has resulted substantially from sea ice loss. Contributions of the same factors to recent midlatitude climate trends are then examined. It is found that pronounced circulation changes over the North Atlantic and North Pacific result mainly from recent decadal ocean fluctuations and internal atmospheric variability, while the effects of sea ice declines are very small. Therefore, a hypothesized causal chain of hemisphere-wide connections originating from Arctic sea ice loss is not supported. AU - Perlwitz, Judith AU - Hoerling, Martin AU - Dole, Randall DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00095.1 IS - 6 KW - Arctic,Sea ice,Troposphere,Climate variability,Temperature,General circulation models PY - 2015 SP - 2154-2167 ST - Arctic tropospheric warming: Causes and linkages to lower latitudes T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Arctic tropospheric warming: Causes and linkages to lower latitudes VL - 28 ID - 19572 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Perlwitz, J. AU - Knutson, T. AU - Kossin, J.P. AU - LeGrande, A.N. C4 - 1a46c6a2-4b5f-408d-b3d0-21ebdd4f960b CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J0RV0KVQ PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 5 SP - 161-184 ST - Large-scale circulation and climate variability T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Large-scale circulation and climate variability ID - 21563 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Perovich, D. AU - Meier, W. AU - Tschudi, M. AU - Farrell, S. AU - Gerland, S. AU - Hendricks, S. AU - Krumpen, T. AU - Hass, C. PY - 2016 ST - Sea ice [in Arctic Report Card 2016] TI - Sea ice [in Arctic Report Card 2016] UR - http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card/Report-Card-2016/ArtMID/5022/ArticleID/286/Sea-Ice ID - 20814 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Perrow, Charles C4 - 6e8c3e16-343a-43bb-8476-6a4304a3464a CY - Princeton, NJ ET - Updated PB - Princeton University Press PY - 2011 SE - 464 SN - 140082849X, 9781400828494 ST - Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies TI - Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies UR - http://press.princeton.edu/titles/6596.html ID - 21412 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perry, Allison L. AU - Low, Paula J. AU - Ellis, Jim R. AU - Reynolds, John D. DO - 10.1126/science.1111322 IS - 5730 PY - 2005 SP - 1912-1915 ST - Climate change and distribution shifts in marine fishes T2 - Science TI - Climate change and distribution shifts in marine fishes VL - 308 ID - 22275 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perry, Chris T. AU - Murphy, Gary N. AU - Kench, Paul S. AU - Smithers, Scott G. AU - Edinger, Evan N. AU - Steneck, Robert S. AU - Mumby, Peter J. DA - 01/29/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms2409 M3 - Article PY - 2013 SP - Art. 1402 ST - Caribbean-wide decline in carbonate production threatens coral reef growth T2 - Nature Communications TI - Caribbean-wide decline in carbonate production threatens coral reef growth VL - 4 ID - 25008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perry, Laura G. AU - Reynolds, Lindsay V. AU - Beechie, Timothy J. AU - Collins, Mathias J. AU - Shafroth, Patrick B. DO - 10.1002/eco.1645 IS - 5 KW - climate adaptation global change hydrology ecological restoration riparian ecosystems river management streamflow PY - 2015 SN - 1936-0592 SP - 863-879 ST - Incorporating climate change projections into riparian restoration planning and design T2 - Ecohydrology TI - Incorporating climate change projections into riparian restoration planning and design VL - 8 ID - 23841 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Several studies have documented fish populations changing in response to long-term warming. Over the past decade, sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Maine increased faster than 99% of the global ocean. The warming, which was related to a northward shift in the Gulf Stream and to changes in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, led to reduced recruitment and increased mortality in the region’s Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stock. Failure to recognize the impact of warming on cod contributed to overfishing. Recovery of this fishery depends on sound management, but the size of the stock depends on future temperature conditions. The experience in the Gulf of Maine highlights the need to incorporate environmental factors into resource management.In the best of worlds, exploited fish stocks are monitored so that harvest quotas protect the reproductive ability of the population. Climate change is likely to complicate this process substantially. Pershing et al. found that cod stocks declined continuously during intense warming in the North Atlantic. Fisheries quotas, even though they were responsibly set and followed by fishers, decreased the reproductive rate. Thus, managing fisheries in a warming world is going to be increasingly problematic. AU - Pershing, Andrew J. AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Hernandez, Christina M. AU - Kerr, Lisa A. AU - Le Bris, Arnault AU - Mills, Katherine E. AU - Nye, Janet A. AU - Record, Nicholas R. AU - Scannell, Hillary A. AU - Scott, James D. AU - Sherwood, Graham D. AU - Thomas, Andrew C. DO - 10.1126/science.aac9819 IS - 6262 PY - 2015 SP - 809-812 ST - Slow adaptation in the face of rapid warming leads to collapse of the Gulf of Maine cod fishery T2 - Science TI - Slow adaptation in the face of rapid warming leads to collapse of the Gulf of Maine cod fishery VL - 350 ID - 21085 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Palmer et al. and Swain et al. suggest that our “extra mortality” time series is spurious. In response, we show that including temperature-dependent mortality improves abundance estimates and that warming waters reduce growth rates in Gulf of Maine cod. Far from being spurious, temperature effects on this stock are clear, and continuing to ignore them puts the stock in jeopardy. AU - Pershing, Andrew J. AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Hernandez, Christina M. AU - Kerr, Lisa A. AU - Le Bris, Arnault AU - Mills, Katherine E. AU - Nye, Janet A. AU - Record, Nicholas R. AU - Scannell, Hillary A. AU - Scott, James D. AU - Sherwood, Graham D. AU - Thomas, Andrew C. DO - 10.1126/science.aae0463 IS - 6284 PY - 2016 SP - 423-423 ST - Response to Comments on “Slow adaptation in the face of rapid warming leads to collapse of the Gulf of Maine cod fishery” T2 - Science TI - Response to Comments on “Slow adaptation in the face of rapid warming leads to collapse of the Gulf of Maine cod fishery” VL - 352 ID - 26224 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Pershing, A.J. AU - Griffis, R.B. AU - Jewett, E.B. AU - Armstrong, C.T. AU - Bruno, J.F. AU - Busch, D.S. AU - Haynie, A.C. AU - Siedlecki, S.A. AU - Tommasi, D. C4 - 92fb1334-7469-4bd2-8f1b-e14b0e6ec3e4 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH9 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 9 SP - xxx ST - Oceans and Marine Resources T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Oceans and Marine Resources ID - 26643 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Temporal changes in pore-water salinity and metal concentrations were investigated in soils from two sites (residential and wetland areas) located in the Old Bridge Township, NJ, after Hurricane Sandy hit the Northeast of the United States of America. Core and surface soil samples were collected in both the residential and wetland sites and then analyzed by field portable X-ray fluorescence (NITON XL3t-600 series FP-XRF). Pore-water salinity was determined from continuous measurements (every 10 min) of conductivity in a single sampling well installed in the wetland site. One month after Hurricane Sandy, pore-salinity was as high as 27 g/L, but gradually decreased to 15 g/L in approximately 3 months. Then, it increased gradually to 26 g/L 3 months later. High metal concentrations (lead, arsenic, copper, chromium, and iron) were measured in the surface and top 2-cm soil layer in both residential and wetland sites, often exceeding background levels within weeks of Hurricane Sandy. These metal contaminations were interpreted as being associated with storm surge from Hurricane Sandy that caused substantial flooding of the coastal areas by large amounts of seawater, loaded with dissolved metal and adsorbed metals to suspended sediments from the Raritan Bay Slag Superfund site. The changes in salinity in wetland areas indicated the intrusion of seawater, thus providing evidence for metal-contaminated seawater altering the wetland’s geochemistry. The transport and deposition of metal contaminants in the coastal areas by Hurricane Sandy increased the risk of human exposure to these contaminants. AU - Personna, Yves Robert AU - Geng, Xiaolong AU - Saleh, Firas AU - Shu, Zhan AU - Jackson, Nancy AU - Weinstein, Michael P. AU - Boufadel, Michel C. DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s12665-014-3539-4 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1866-6299 SP - 1169-1177 ST - Monitoring changes in salinity and metal concentrations in New Jersey (USA) coastal ecosystems Post-Hurricane Sandy T2 - Environmental Earth Sciences TI - Monitoring changes in salinity and metal concentrations in New Jersey (USA) coastal ecosystems Post-Hurricane Sandy VL - 73 ID - 26223 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Snapshot views of environmental policy integration (EPI) practices fail to consider the stability of EPI over time – both as aspiration and performance. This paper reviews the evolution of EPI over more than two decades at the national level in the agriculture and energy sectors in Sweden – an EPI pioneer. We study how the extent of EPI stability can be explained partly by shifting political priorities by governments and partly by underlying governance models (actors and organizational landscape and policy instruments used). Comparing the two sectors, the institutionalization of EPI appears to be stronger in the energy sector. In the agricultural sector, the current reform of the Common Agricultural Policy seems to imply decreasing prominence of EPI – due to shrinking budgets for environmental targets along with greater policy goals complexity. Overall, observed shifts in governance have been mildly conducive to EPI by providing an infrastructure, but further enhancements require clear political priority awarded to the environment. AU - Persson, Åsa AU - Eckerberg, Katarina AU - Nilsson, Måns DO - 10.1177/0263774x15614726 IS - 3 KW - environmental policy,governance,integration,agriculture,energy PY - 2016 SP - 478-495 ST - Institutionalization or wither away? Twenty-five years of environmental policy integration under shifting governance models in Sweden T2 - Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy TI - Institutionalization or wither away? Twenty-five years of environmental policy integration under shifting governance models in Sweden VL - 34 ID - 26463 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Vickery, Peter D. A2 - Herkert, James R. AU - Peterjohn, B. AU - Sauer, J. R. C4 - baadaf19-3bc2-4302-b2f3-74ee99d06271 CY - Camarillo, CA PB - Cooper Ornithological Society PY - 1999 SN - 1891276115 SP - 27-44 ST - Population status of North American grassland birds from the North American Breeding Bird Survey SV - Studies in Avian Biology No. 19 T2 - Ecology and Conservation of Grassland Birds of the Western Hemisphere TI - Population status of North American grassland birds from the North American Breeding Bird Survey UR - https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/sab/sab_019.pdf ID - 21649 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background—Elevated concentrations of ambient particulate air pollution have been associated with increased hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease. Whether high concentrations of ambient particles can trigger the onset of acute myocardial infarction (MI), however, remains unknown. Methods and Results—We interviewed 772 patients with MI in the greater Boston area between January 1995 and May 1996 as part of the Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study. Hourly concentrations of particle mass <2.5 μm (PM2.5), carbon black, and gaseous air pollutants were measured. A case-crossover approach was used to analyze the data for evidence of triggering. The risk of MI onset increased in association with elevated concentrations of fine particles in the previous 2-hour period. In addition, a delayed response associated with 24-hour average exposure 1 day before the onset of symptoms was observed. Multivariate analyses considering both time windows jointly revealed an estimated odds ratio of 1.48 associated with an increase of 25 μg/m3 PM2.5 during a 2-hour period before the onset and an odds ratio of 1.69 for an increase of 20 μg/m3 PM2.5 in the 24-hour period 1 day before the onset (95% CIs 1.09, 2.02 and 1.13, 2.34, respectively). Conclusions—The present study suggests that elevated concentrations of fine particles in the air may transiently elevate the risk of MIs within a few hours and 1 day after exposure. Further studies in other locations are needed to clarify the importance of this potentially preventable trigger of MI. AU - Peters, Annette AU - Dockery, Douglas W. AU - Muller, James E. AU - Mittleman, Murray A. DO - 10.1161/01.Cir.103.23.2810 IS - 23 PY - 2001 SP - 2810-2815 ST - Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction T2 - Circulation TI - Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction VL - 103 ID - 25140 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peters, Glen P. AU - Andrew, Robbie M. AU - Canadell, Josep G. AU - Fuss, Sabine AU - Jackson, Robert B. AU - Korsbakken, Jan Ivar AU - Le Quéré, Corinne AU - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa DA - 01/30/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3202 PY - 2017 SP - 118-122 ST - Key indicators to track current progress and future ambition of the Paris Agreement T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Key indicators to track current progress and future ambition of the Paris Agreement VL - 7 ID - 25418 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Paris Agreement has increased the incentive to verify reported anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions with independent Earth system observations. Reliable verification requires a step change in our understanding of carbon cycle variability. AU - Peters, Glen P. AU - Le Quéré, Corinne AU - Andrew, Robbie M. AU - Canadell, Josep G. AU - Friedlingstein, Pierre AU - Ilyina, Tatiana AU - Jackson, Robert B. AU - Joos, Fortunat AU - Korsbakken, Jan Ivar AU - McKinley, Galen A. AU - Sitch, Stephen AU - Tans, Pieter DA - 2017/12/01 DO - 10.1038/s41558-017-0013-9 IS - 12 PY - 2017 SN - 1758-6798 SP - 848-850 ST - Towards real-time verification of CO2 emissions T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Towards real-time verification of CO2 emissions VL - 7 ID - 25419 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Petersen, Brian AU - Hall, Kimberly R. AU - Kahl, Katherine AU - Doran, Patrick J. DA - 2013/12/01 DO - 10.1017/S1466046613000446 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SN - 1466-0466 SP - 377-392 ST - Research articles: In their own words: Perceptions of climate change adaptation from the Great Lakes region's resource management community T2 - Environmental Practice TI - Research articles: In their own words: Perceptions of climate change adaptation from the Great Lakes region's resource management community VL - 15 ID - 21152 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peterson, Alexander G. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. DO - 10.1002/2014GL059266 IS - 6 KW - phenology spring freeze biosphere-atmosphere interaction false springs sensitivity analysis climate change 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions 1637 Regional climate change 1630 Impacts of global change 1843 Land/atmosphere interactions 3305 Climate change and variability PY - 2014 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 2156-2162 ST - Observed changes in false springs over the contiguous United States T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Observed changes in false springs over the contiguous United States VL - 41 ID - 23437 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - McKenzie, Donald A2 - Miller, Carol A2 - Falk, Donald A. AU - Peterson, David L. AU - Halofsky, Jessica E. AU - Johnson, Morris C. C4 - ce80178c-bdca-46f2-a88b-b4d965a510b3 PB - Springer PY - 2011 SN - 78-94-007-0300-1 SP - 249-267 ST - Managing and adapting to changing fire regimes in a warmer climate SV - Ecological Studies 213 T2 - The Landscape Ecology of Fire TI - Managing and adapting to changing fire regimes in a warmer climate ID - 21960 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Peterson, David L. AU - Johnson, Morris C. AU - Agee, James K. AU - Jain, Theresa B. AU - McKenzie, Donald AU - Reinhardt, Elizabeth D. CY - Portland, OR DO - 10.2737/PNW-GTR-628 NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-628 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pacific Northwest Research Station PY - 2005 SP - 30 ST - Forest Structure and Fire Hazard in Dry Forests of the Western United States TI - Forest Structure and Fire Hazard in Dry Forests of the Western United States ID - 21959 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Peterson, D.L. AU - Millar, C.I. AU - Joyce, L.A. AU - Furniss, M.J. AU - Halofsky, J.E. AU - Neilson, R.P. AU - Morelli, T.L. C6 - NCA CY - Pacific Northwest Research Station DA - November 2011 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service PY - 2011 SN - General Technical Report PNW-GTR-855 SP - 118 ST - Responding to Climate Change on National Forests: A Guidebook For Developing Adaptation Options TI - Responding to Climate Change on National Forests: A Guidebook For Developing Adaptation Options UR - http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr855.pdf ID - 14996 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Conservation decisions about how, when, and where to act are typically based on our expectations for the future. When the world is highly unpredictable and we are working from a limited range of expectations, however, our expectations will frequently be proved wrong. Scenario planning offers a framework for developing more resilient conservation policies when faced with uncontrollable, irreducible uncertainty. A scenario in this context is an account of a plausible future. Scenario planning consists of using a few contrasting scenarios to explore the uncertainty surrounding the future consequences of a decision. Ideally, scenarios should be constructed by a diverse group of people for a single, stated purpose. Scenario planning can incorporate a variety of quantitative and qualitative information in the decision‐making process. Often, consideration of this diverse information in a systemic way leads to better decisions. Furthermore, the participation of a diverse group of people in a systemic process of collecting, discussing, and analyzing scenarios builds shared understanding. The robustness provided by the consideration of multiple possible futures has served several groups well; we present examples from business, government, and conservation planning that illustrate the value of scenario planning. For conservation, major benefits of using scenario planning are (1) increased understanding of key uncertainties, (2) incorporation of alternative perspectives into conservation planning, and (3) greater resilience of decisions to surprise. AU - Peterson, Garry D. AU - Cumming, Graeme S. AU - Carpenter, Stephen R. DO - 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01491.x IS - 2 PY - 2003 SP - 358-366 ST - Scenario planning: A tool for conservation in an uncertain world T2 - Conservation Biology TI - Scenario planning: A tool for conservation in an uncertain world VL - 17 ID - 25690 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Peterson, Harold AU - McGhee, Chester AU - Blackhair, Johnna AU - Rawlings, Leonard AU - Kelley, Marlene AU - Bluecloud, Keith AU - Harjo, Rheta AU - Ruth, Andrew AU - Saunders, David AU - Gordon, Latonya AU - Maytubby, Bruce CY - New Orleans, LA DA - 10-14 January NV - Poster session 1 PB - American Meteorological Society PY - 2016 SP - Paper 864 T2 - Fourth Symposium on Building a Weather-Ready Nation: Enhancing Our Nation's Readiness, Responsiveness, and Resilience to High Impact Weather Events TI - Weather Ready Nation Ambassadors Program at the Bureau of Indian Affairs UR - https://ams.confex.com/ams/96Annual/webprogram/Paper283034.html ID - 24972 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Crate, Susan A. A2 - Nuttall, Mark AU - Peterson, Kristina AU - Maldonado, Julie Koppel C4 - aeb9b543-7b7d-48e7-b1a6-57de7bff663c CY - New York, NY ET - 2nd PB - Taylor & Francis PY - 2016 SN - 978-1629580012 1629580015 SP - 336-353 ST - When adaptation is not enough: “Between now and then” of community-led resettlement T2 - Anthropology and Climate Change: From Encounters to Actions TI - When adaptation is not enough: “Between now and then” of community-led resettlement ID - 26605 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Steinberg, Sheila Lakshmi A2 - Sprigg, William A. AB - Native American communities along the Gulf of Mexico, separated in significant ways from contemporary tools and technology, experience and cope with weather extremes in unique and largely unknown ways. From one generation to the next there has been little communication between science, where advanced tools of warning and survival can be derived, and community, where lessons of “living off the land” can inform science of the most pressing needs and the most practical and useful technologies to fill them. This chapter describes a successful and ongoing science/community relationship to address immediate pressures of extreme weather and the resilience to confront potential threats from forces extant, including climate variability and human exploitation of natural resources. Lessons learned here, particularly those of communication and collaboration, apply around the world where both global science and self-supporting communities have become isolated from one another. AU - Peterson, Kristina J. AU - Laska, Shirley B. AU - Philippe, Rosina AU - Porter, Olivia Burchett AU - Krajeski, Richard L. AU - Steinberg, Sheila Lakshmi AU - Sprigg, William A. C4 - a860bd90-fbcc-4778-ae80-a7d83323c0c7 CY - Cham DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-30626-1_7 PB - Springer International Publishing PY - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-30626-1 SP - 135-164 ST - Refining the process of science support for communities around extreme weather events and climate impacts T2 - Extreme Weather, Health, and Communities: Interdisciplinary Engagement Strategies TI - Refining the process of science support for communities around extreme weather events and climate impacts ID - 24926 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Questions of whether trophic cascades occur in Isle Royale National Park (IRNP) or Yellowstone National Park's northern range (NR) cannot lead to simple, precise, or definitive answers. Such answers are limited especially by multicausality in the NR and by complex temporal variation in IRNP. Spatial heterogeneity, contingency, and nonequilibrium dynamics also work against simple answers in IRNP and NR. The existence of a trophic cascade in IRNP and NR also depends greatly on how it is defined. For example, some conceive of trophic cascades as entailing essentially any indirect effect of predation. This may be fine, but the primary intellectual value of such a conception may be to assess an important view in community ecology that most species are connected to most other species in a food web through a network of complicated, albeit weak, indirect effects. These circumstances that work against simple answers likely apply to many ecosystems. Despite the challenges of assessing the existence of trophic cascades in IRNP and NR, such assessments result in considerable insights about a more fundamental question: What causes population abundance to fluctuate? AU - Peterson, Rolf O. AU - Vucetich, John A. AU - Bump, Joseph M. AU - Smith, Douglas W. DO - 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091634 IS - 1 KW - moose,elk,wolf,predation,herbivory,ecosystem PY - 2014 SP - 325-345 ST - Trophic cascades in a multicausal world: Isle Royale and Yellowstone T2 - Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics TI - Trophic cascades in a multicausal world: Isle Royale and Yellowstone VL - 45 ID - 26423 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate science as we know it today did not exist in the 1960s and 1970s. The integrated enterprise embodied in the Nobel Prizewinning work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change existed then as separate threads of research pursued by isolated groups of scientists. Atmospheric chemists and modelers grappled with the measurement of changes in carbon dioxide and atmospheric gases, and the changes in climate that might result. Meanwhile, geologists and paleoclimate researchers tried to understand when Earth slipped into and out of ice ages, and why. An enduring popular myth suggests that in the 1970s the climate science community was predicting “global cooling” and an “imminent” ice age, an observation frequently used by those who would undermine what climate scientists say today about the prospect of global warming. A review of the literature suggests that, on the contrary, greenhouse warming even then dominated scientists' thinking as being one of the most important forces shaping Earth's climate on human time scales. More importantly than showing the falsehood of the myth, this review describes how scientists of the time built the foundation on which the cohesive enterprise of modern climate science now rests. AU - Peterson, Thomas C. AU - Connolley, William M. AU - Fleck, John DO - 10.1175/2008bams2370.1 IS - 9 PY - 2008 SP - 1325-1338 ST - The myth of the 1970s global cooling scientific consensus T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - The myth of the 1970s global cooling scientific consensus VL - 89 ID - 26673 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peterson, T. C. AU - Heim, R. R. AU - Hirsch, R. AU - Kaiser, D. P. AU - Brooks, H. AU - Diffenbaugh, N. S. AU - Dole, R. M. AU - Giovannettone, J. P. AU - Guirguis, K. AU - Karl, T. R. AU - Katz, Richard W. AU - Kunkel, K. AU - Lettenmaier, D. AU - McCabe, G. J. AU - Paciorek, C. J. AU - Ryberg, K. R. AU - Schubert, S. AU - Silva, V. B. S. AU - Stewart, Brooke C. AU - Vecchia, A. V. AU - Villarini, G. AU - Vose, R. S. AU - Walsh, John AU - Wehner, M. AU - Wolock, D. AU - Wolter, K. AU - Woodhouse, C. A. AU - Wuebbles, D. C6 - NCA DA - June 2013 DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00066.1 IS - 6 PY - 2013 SP - 821-834 ST - Monitoring and understanding changes in heat waves, cold waves, floods and droughts in the United States: State of knowledge T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Monitoring and understanding changes in heat waves, cold waves, floods and droughts in the United States: State of knowledge VL - 94 ID - 14999 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peterson, Thomas C. AU - Hoerling, Martin P. AU - Stott, Peter A. AU - Herring, Stephanie C. DO - 10.1175/bams-d-13-00085.1 IS - 9 PY - 2013 SP - S1-S74 ST - Explaining extreme events of 2012 from a climate perspective T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Explaining extreme events of 2012 from a climate perspective VL - 94 ID - 20835 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peterson, Thomas C. AU - Karl, Thomas R. AU - Kossin, James P. AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Lawrimore, Jay H. AU - McMahon, James R. AU - Vose, Russell S. AU - Yin, Xungang DO - 10.1080/10962247.2013.851044 IS - 2 N1 - Ch7 PY - 2014 SN - 1096-2247 2162-2906 SP - 184-197 ST - Changes in weather and climate extremes: State of knowledge relevant to air and water quality in the United States T2 - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association TI - Changes in weather and climate extremes: State of knowledge relevant to air and water quality in the United States VL - 64 ID - 16335 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Peterson, Thomas C. AU - McGuirk, Marjorie AU - Houston, Tamara G. AU - Horvitz, Andrew H. AU - Wehner, Michael F. C6 - NCA CY - Washington, DC NV - TRB Special Report 290 PB - Transportation Research Board (TRB), National Research Council PY - 2006 SP - 90 ST - Climate Variability and Change with Implications for Transportation. Commissioned paper for TRB Special report 290 T2 - Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Transportation TI - Climate Variability and Change with Implications for Transportation. Commissioned paper for TRB Special report 290 UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr290Many.pdf ID - 15000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peterson, William AU - Bond, Nicholas AU - Robert, Marie IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - 36-38 ST - The Blob (part three): Going, going, gone? T2 - PICES Press TI - The Blob (part three): Going, going, gone? UR - https://www.pices.int/publications/pices_press/volume23/PPJanuary2015.pdf VL - 23 ID - 24737 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peterson, William T. AU - Fisher, Jennifer L. AU - Peterson, Jay O. AU - Morgan, Cheryl A. AU - Burke, Brian J. AU - Fresh, Kurt L. DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2014.88 IS - 4 PY - 2014 SP - 80-89 ST - Applied fisheries oceanography: Ecosystem indicators of ocean conditions inform fisheries management in the California Current T2 - Oceanography TI - Applied fisheries oceanography: Ecosystem indicators of ocean conditions inform fisheries management in the California Current VL - 27 ID - 24891 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Petitti, Diana B. AU - Hondula, David M. AU - Yang, Shuo AU - Harlan, Sharon L. AU - Chowell, Gerardo DO - 10.1289/ehp.1409119 PY - 2016 SP - 176-183 ST - Multiple trigger points for quantifying heat-health impacts: New evidence from a hot climate T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Multiple trigger points for quantifying heat-health impacts: New evidence from a hot climate VL - 124 ID - 25315 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Petkov, Miroslav AU - Wilkins, Michael AU - Xie, Xenia CY - New York PB - Standard & Poor's Financial Services PY - 2015 SP - 10 ST - Climate Change Will Likely Test the Resilience of Corporates' Creditworthiness to Natural Catastrophes TI - Climate Change Will Likely Test the Resilience of Corporates' Creditworthiness to Natural Catastrophes UR - https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/sp_cccreditworthiness_2015.pdf ID - 24176 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Petkova, Elisaveta AU - Ebi, Kristie AU - Culp, Derrin AU - Redlener, Irwin DO - 10.3390/ijerph120809342 IS - 8 PY - 2015 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 9342-9356 ST - Climate change and health on the U.S. Gulf Coast: Public health adaptation is needed to address future risks T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Climate change and health on the U.S. Gulf Coast: Public health adaptation is needed to address future risks VL - 12 ID - 25782 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Petkova, Elisaveta P. AU - Gasparrini, Antonio AU - Kinney, Patrick L. DO - 10.1097/ede.0000000000000123 IS - 4 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2014 SN - 1044-3983 SP - 554-560 ST - Heat and mortality in New York City since the beginning of the 20th century T2 - Epidemiology TI - Heat and mortality in New York City since the beginning of the 20th century VL - 25 ID - 17615 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Petkova, Elisaveta P. AU - Horton, Radley M. AU - Bader, Daniel A. AU - Kinney, Patrick L. DO - 10.3390/ijerph10126734 IS - 12 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2013 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 6734-6747 ST - Projected heat-related mortality in the U.S. urban northeast T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Projected heat-related mortality in the U.S. urban northeast VL - 10 ID - 17614 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND:: High temperatures have substantial impacts on mortality and, with growing concerns about climate change, numerous studies have developed projections of future heat-related deaths around the world. Projections of temperature-related mortality are often limited by insufficient information to formulate hypotheses about population sensitivity to high temperatures and future demographics. OBJECTIVES:: The present study derived projections of temperature-related mortality in New York City by taking into account future patterns of adaptation or demographic change, both of which can have profound influences on future health burdens. METHODS:: We adopted a novel approach to modeling heat adaptation by incorporating an analysis of the observed population response to heat in New York City over the course of eight decades. This approach projected heat-related mortality until the end of the 21st century based on observed trends in adaptation over a substantial portion of the 20th century. In addition, we incorporated a range of new scenarios for population change until the end of the 21st century. We then estimated future heat-related deaths in New York City by combining the changing temperature–mortality relationship and population scenarios with downscaled temperature projections from the 33 global climate models (GCMs) and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). RESULTS:: The median number of projected annual heat-related deaths across the 33 GCMs varied greatly by RCP and adaptation and population change scenario, ranging from 167 to 3,331 in the 2080s compared with 638 heat-related deaths annually between 2000 and 2006. CONCLUSIONS:: These findings provide a more complete picture of the range of potential future heat-related mortality risks across the 21st century in New York City, and they highlight the importance of both demographic change and adaptation responses in modifying future risks. AU - Petkova, Elisaveta P. AU - Vink, Jan K. AU - Horton, Radley M. AU - Gasparrini, Antonio AU - Bader, Daniel A. AU - Francis, Joe D. AU - Kinney, Patrick L. DB - PMC DO - 10.1289/EHP166 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 SP - 47-55 ST - Towards more comprehensive projections of urban heat-related mortality: Estimates for New York City under multiple population, adaptation, and climate scenarios T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Towards more comprehensive projections of urban heat-related mortality: Estimates for New York City under multiple population, adaptation, and climate scenarios VL - 125 ID - 26225 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Petrasek MacDonald, Joanna AU - Cunsolo Willox, Ashlee AU - Ford, James D. AU - Shiwak, Inez AU - Wood, Michele DA - 2015/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.07.017 KW - Nunatsiavut Adaptation Climate change Inuit Mental health and wellbeing Protective factors Resilience Youth PY - 2015 SN - 0277-9536 SP - 133-141 ST - Protective factors for mental health and well-being in a changing climate: Perspectives from Inuit youth in Nunatsiavut, Labrador T2 - Social Science & Medicine TI - Protective factors for mental health and well-being in a changing climate: Perspectives from Inuit youth in Nunatsiavut, Labrador VL - 141 ID - 24925 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peyronnin, Natalie AU - Green, Mandy AU - Richards, Carol Parsons AU - Owens, Alaina AU - Reed, Denise AU - Chamberlain, Joanne AU - Groves, David G. AU - Rhinehart, William K. AU - Belhadjali, Karim DA - 2013/07/01 DO - 10.2112/SI_67_1.1 PY - 2013 SN - 0749-0208 SP - 1-15 ST - Louisiana's 2012 coastal master plan: Overview of a science-based and publicly informed decision-making process T2 - Journal of Coastal Research TI - Louisiana's 2012 coastal master plan: Overview of a science-based and publicly informed decision-making process Y2 - 2017/09/26 ID - 21519 ER - TY - JOUR AB - On the basis of climate modeling and analogies with past conditions, the potential for multimeter increases in sea level by the end of the 21st century has been proposed. We consider glaciological conditions required for large sea- level rise to occur by 2100 and conclude that increases in excess of 2 meters are physically untenable. We find that a total sea- level rise of about 2 meters by 2100 could occur under physically possible glaciological conditions but only if all variables are quickly accelerated to extremely high limits. More plausible but still accelerated conditions lead to total sea- level rise by 2100 of about 0.8 meter. These roughly constrained scenarios provide a "most likely" starting point for refinements in sea- level forecasts that include ice flow dynamics. AD - Pfeffer, WT; Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA AU - Pfeffer, W.T. AU - Harper, J.T. AU - O'Neel, S. C6 - NCA DA - Sep 5 DO - 10.1126/science.1159099 IS - 5894 KW - greenland ice-sheet; large tidewater glacier; hydrologic basis; rapid motion; discharge LA - English PY - 2008 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 1340-1343 ST - Kinematic constraints on glacier contributions to 21st-century sea-level rise T2 - Science TI - Kinematic constraints on glacier contributions to 21st-century sea-level rise VL - 321 ID - 15005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pfeifer, Eric M. AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. AU - Meddens, Arjan J. H. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02226.x IS - 1 KW - bark beetle carbon storage Dendroctonus ponderosae forest disturbance forest growth simulation forest vegetation simulator insect outbreak Pinus contorta PY - 2011 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 339-350 ST - Observations and modeling of aboveground tree carbon stocks and fluxes following a bark beetle outbreak in the western United States T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Observations and modeling of aboveground tree carbon stocks and fluxes following a bark beetle outbreak in the western United States VL - 17 ID - 21958 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pfister, G.G. AU - Wiedinmyer, C. AU - Emmons, L.K. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2008GL034747 IS - 19 PY - 2008 SN - 0094-8276 SP - L19814 ST - Impacts of the fall 2007 California wildfires on surface ozone: Integrating local observations with global model simulations T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Impacts of the fall 2007 California wildfires on surface ozone: Integrating local observations with global model simulations VL - 35 ID - 15007 ER - TY - RPRT AU - PG&E CY - San Francisco, CA PB - Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) PY - 2016 SP - 69 ST - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and Resilience Strategies TI - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and Resilience Strategies UR - http://www.pgecurrents.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/PGE_climate_resilience_report.pdf ID - 21375 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Phadke, Roopali AU - Manning, Christie AU - Burlager, Samantha DA - 2015/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2015.06.005 KW - Boundary organizations Citizen participation Climate adaptation Environmental justice Public Engagement Community-based research PY - 2015 SN - 2212-0963 SP - 62-76 ST - Making it personal: Diversity and deliberation in climate adaptation planning T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - Making it personal: Diversity and deliberation in climate adaptation planning VL - 9 ID - 21131 ER - TY - WEB AU - Philanthropy Roundtable CY - Washington, DC PB - Philanthropy Roundtable PY - 2018 ST - Percentage of U.S. Donations Going to Various Causes [Graph 2 on web page] TI - Percentage of U.S. Donations Going to Various Causes [Graph 2 on web page] UR - https://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/almanac/statistics/u.s.-generosity ID - 25770 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Philippe, R. C1 - Alexandria, VA CY - Redondo Beach, CA PB - Coastal Society PY - 2008 T2 - Coastal Footprints: Minimizing Human Impacts, Maximizing Stewardship TI - A case study: A fisher's cooperative in lower Plaquemines Parish as an avenue for integrating social equity into coastal management UR - http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/tcs/tcsw08001/data/papers/090.pdf#page=1 ID - 22276 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Most evolutionary theory does not deal with populations expanding or contracting in space. Invasive species, climate change, epidemics, and the breakdown of dispersal barriers, however, all create populations in this kind of spatial disequilibrium. Importantly, spatial disequilibrium can have important ecological and evolutionary outcomes. During continuous range expansion, for example, populations on the expanding front experience novel evolutionary pressures because frontal populations are assorted by dispersal ability and have a lower density of conspecifics than do core populations. These conditions favor the evolution of traits that increase rates of dispersal and reproduction. Additionally, lowered density on the expanding front eventually frees populations on the expanding edge from specialist, coevolved enemies, permitting higher investment into traits associated with dispersal and reproduction rather than defense against pathogens. As a result, the process of range expansion drives rapid life‐history evolution, and this seems to occur despite ongoing serial founder events that have complex effects on genetic diversity at the expanding front. Traits evolving on the expanding edge are smeared across the landscape as the front moves through, leaving an ephemeral signature of range expansion in the life‐history traits of a species across its newly colonized range. Recent studies suggest that such nonequilibrium processes during recent population history may have contributed to many patterns usually ascribed to evolutionary forces acting in populations at spatial equilibrium. AU - Phillips, Benjamin L. AU - Brown, Gregory P. AU - Shine, Richard DO - 10.1890/09-0910.1 IS - 6 PY - 2010 SP - 1617-1627 ST - Life‐history evolution in range‐shifting populations T2 - Ecology TI - Life‐history evolution in range‐shifting populations VL - 91 ID - 25689 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Phillips, Robert A. AU - Schwartz, Roberta L. AU - McKeon, William F. AU - Boom, Marc L. M1 - October 25 PB - NEJM Group PY - 2017 ST - Lessons in leadership: How the world’s largest medical center braced for Hurricane Harvey T2 - NEJM Catalyst TI - Lessons in leadership: How the world’s largest medical center braced for Hurricane Harvey UR - https://catalyst.nejm.org/lessons-leadership-texas-medical-center-hurricane-harvey/ ID - 25306 ER - TY - WEB AU - Piacentini, R. KW - added by ERG M1 - June 16, 2017 PY - 2017 ST - When Leaders Won’t Lead: Taking Action on Climate Change TI - When Leaders Won’t Lead: Taking Action on Climate Change UR - http://futureofmuseums.blogspot.com/2017/03/when-leaders-wont-lead-taking-action-on.html ID - 23170 ER - TY - WEB AU - Pickersgill, Robert CY - Kingston, Jamaica M1 - July 13 PB - Jamaica Information Service PY - 2014 ST - Joint Ministerial Statement on the Effects of Drought on Schools and Agriculture TI - Joint Ministerial Statement on the Effects of Drought on Schools and Agriculture UR - http://jis.gov.jm/joint-ministerial-statement-effects-drought-schools-agriculture/ VL - 2017 ID - 22105 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Resource limitation controls the base of food webs in many aquatic ecosystems. In coastal ecosystems, nitrogen (N) has been found to be the predominant limiting factor for primary producers. Due to the important role nitrogen plays in determining ecosystem function, understanding the processes that modulate its availability is critical. Shallow-water estuarine systems are highly heterogeneous. In temperate estuaries, multiple habitat types can exist in close proximity to one another, their distribution controlled primarily by physical energy, tidal elevation and geomorphology. Distinctions between these habitats such as rates of primary productivity and sediment characteristics likely affect material processing. We used membrane inlet mass spectrometry to measure changes in N2 flux (referred to here as denitrification) in multiple shallow-water estuarine habitats through an annual cycle. We found significantly higher rates of denitrification (DNF) in structured habitats such as submerged aquatic vegetation, salt marshes and oyster reefs than in intertidal and subtidal flats. Seasonal patterns were also observed, with higher DNF rates occurring in the warmer seasons. Additionally, there was an interaction between habitat type and season that we attributed to the seasonal patterns of enhanced productivity in individual habitat types. There was a strong correlation between denitrification and sediment oxygen demand (SOD) in all habitats and all seasons, suggesting the potential to utilize SOD to predict DNF. Denitrification efficiency was also higher in the structured habitats than in the flats. Nitrogen removal by these habitats was found to be an important contributor to estuarine ecosystem function. The ecosystem service of DNF in each habitat was evaluated in US dollars using rates from a regional nutrient-offset market to determine the cost to replace N through management efforts. Habitat-specific values of N removal ranged from approximately three thousand U.S. dollars per acre per year in the submerged aquatic vegetation to approximately four hundred U.S. dollars per acre per year in the subtidal flat. Because of the link between habitat type and processes such as DNF, changes in habitat area and distribution will have consequences for both ecosystem function and the delivery of ecosystem services. AU - Piehler, M. F. AU - Smyth, A. R. DO - 10.1890/ES10-00082.1 IS - 1 PY - 2011 SP - art12 ST - Habitat-specific distinctions in estuarine denitrification affect both ecosystem function and services T2 - Ecosphere TI - Habitat-specific distinctions in estuarine denitrification affect both ecosystem function and services VL - 2 ID - 26226 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pielke, R.A., Sr. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1126/science.1120529 IS - 5754 PY - 2005 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 1625-1626 ST - Land use and climate change T2 - Science TI - Land use and climate change VL - 310 ID - 15014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pielke, R. A., Sr. AU - Adegoke, J. AU - BeltráN-Przekurat, A. AU - Hiemstra, C. A. AU - Lin, J. AU - Nair, U. S. AU - Niyogi, D. AU - Nobis, T. E. DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00251.x IS - 3 PY - 2007 SN - 1600-0889 SP - 587-601 ST - An overview of regional land-use and land-cover impacts on rainfall T2 - Tellus B TI - An overview of regional land-use and land-cover impacts on rainfall VL - 59 ID - 20624 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pielke Sr., Roger A AU - Pitman, Andy AU - Niyogi, Dev AU - Mahmood, Rezaul AU - McAlpine, Clive AU - Hossain, Faisal AU - Goldewijk, Kees Klein AU - Nair, Udaysankar AU - Betts, Richard AU - Fall, Souleymane AU - Reichstein, Markus AU - Kabat, Pavel AU - de Noblet, Nathalie DO - 10.1002/wcc.144 IS - 6 PY - 2011 SN - 1757-7799 SP - 828-850 ST - Land use/land cover changes and climate: Modeling analysis and observational evidence T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change TI - Land use/land cover changes and climate: Modeling analysis and observational evidence VL - 2 ID - 22627 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Observations show snowpack has declined across much of the western United States over the period 1950–99. This reduction has important social and economic implications, as water retained in the snowpack from winter storms forms an important part of the hydrological cycle and water supply in the region. A formal model-based detection and attribution (D–A) study of these reductions is performed. The detection variable is the ratio of 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) to water-year-to-date precipitation (P), chosen to reduce the effect of P variability on the results. Estimates of natural internal climate variability are obtained from 1600 years of two control simulations performed with fully coupled ocean–atmosphere climate models. Estimates of the SWE/P response to anthropogenic greenhouse gases, ozone, and some aerosols are taken from multiple-member ensembles of perturbation experiments run with two models. The D–A shows the observations and anthropogenically forced models have greater SWE/P reductions than can be explained by natural internal climate variability alone. Model-estimated effects of changes in solar and volcanic forcing likewise do not explain the SWE/P reductions. The mean model estimate is that about half of the SWE/P reductions observed in the west from 1950 to 1999 are the result of climate changes forced by anthropogenic greenhouse gases, ozone, and aerosols. AU - Pierce, D.W. AU - Barnett, T.P. AU - Hidalgo, H.G. AU - Das, T. AU - Bonfils, C. AU - Santer, B.D. AU - Bala, G. AU - Dettinger, M.D. AU - Cayan, D.R. AU - Mirin, A. AU - Wood, A. W. AU - Nozawa, T. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/2008JCLI2405.1 IS - 23 KW - Snowpack, ; Hydrologic cycle, ; Trends, ; Coupled models, ; Greenhouse gases PY - 2008 SN - 1520-0442 SP - 6425-6444 ST - Attribution of declining western US snowpack to human effects T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Attribution of declining western US snowpack to human effects VL - 21 ID - 15017 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effect of human-induced climate warming on different snow measures in the western United States is compared by calculating the time required to achieve a statistically significant linear trend in the different measures, using time series derived from regionally downscaled global climate models. The measures examined include the water content of the spring snowpack, total cold-season snowfall, fraction of winter precipitation that falls as snow, length of the snow season, and fraction of cold-season precipitation retained in the spring snowpack, as well as temperature and precipitation. Various stakeholders may be interested in different sets of these variables. It is found that temperature and the fraction of winter precipitation that falls as snow exhibit significant trends first, followed in 5–10 years by the fraction of cold-season precipitation retained in the spring snowpack, and later still by the water content of the spring snowpack. Change in total cold-season snowfall is least detectable of all the measures, since it is strongly linked to precipitation, which has large natural variability and only a weak anthropogenic trend in the western United States. Averaging over increasingly wider areas monotonically increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the 1950–2025 linear trend from 0.15 to 0.37, depending on the snow measure. AU - Pierce, David W. AU - Cayan, Daniel R. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00534.1 IS - 12 KW - Climate change,Climate sensitivity,Snow cover PY - 2013 SP - 4148-4167 ST - The uneven response of different snow measures to human-induced climate warming T2 - Journal of Climate TI - The uneven response of different snow measures to human-induced climate warming VL - 26 ID - 20577 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A new technique for statistically downscaling climate model simulations of daily temperature and precipitation is introduced and demonstrated over the western United States. The localized constructed analogs (LOCA) method produces downscaled estimates suitable for hydrological simulations using a multiscale spatial matching scheme to pick appropriate analog days from observations. First, a pool of candidate observed analog days is chosen by matching the model field to be downscaled to observed days over the region that is positively correlated with the point being downscaled, which leads to a natural independence of the downscaling results to the extent of the domain being downscaled. Then, the one candidate analog day that best matches in the local area around the grid cell being downscaled is the single analog day used there. Most grid cells are downscaled using only the single locally selected analog day, but locations whose neighboring cells identify a different analog day use a weighted combination of the center and adjacent analog days to reduce edge discontinuities. By contrast, existing constructed analog methods typically use a weighted average of the same 30 analog days for the entire domain. By greatly reducing this averaging, LOCA produces better estimates of extreme days, constructs a more realistic depiction of the spatial coherence of the downscaled field, and reduces the problem of producing too many light-precipitation days. The LOCA method is more computationally expensive than existing constructed analog techniques, but it is still practical for downscaling numerous climate model simulations with limited computational resources. AU - Pierce, David W. AU - Cayan, Daniel R. AU - Thrasher, Bridget L. DO - 10.1175/jhm-d-14-0082.1 IS - 6 KW - Hydrometeorology,Climate models,Hydrologic models,Land surface model,Atmosphere-land interaction,Regional effects PY - 2014 SP - 2558-2585 ST - Statistical downscaling using Localized Constructed Analogs (LOCA) T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - Statistical downscaling using Localized Constructed Analogs (LOCA) VL - 15 ID - 21028 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pierotti, Raymond AU - Wildcat, Daniel DO - 10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1333:TEKTTA]2.0.CO;2 IS - 5 KW - belief system conservation ecology environment Indian indigenous Native American resource management Traditional Ecological Knowledge PY - 2000 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 1333-1340 ST - Traditional ecological knowledge: The third alternative (commentary) T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Traditional ecological knowledge: The third alternative (commentary) VL - 10 ID - 24924 ER - TY - CONF AU - Piloting Climate Change Adaptation to Protect Human Health (PCCAPHH) CY - Suva, Fiji DA - 10-12 February 2015 PB - World Health Organization and Fiji Ministry of Health & Medical Services PY - 2015 ST - Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease T2 - Workshop on Climate Change and Vector-Borne Diseases TI - Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease UR - http://www.health.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/WHO-CCVBD-Workshop-Book-2015-Pages-1.pdf ID - 25865 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pimentel, David IS - 4 PY - 1993 SP - 54-60 ST - Climate changes and food supply T2 - Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy TI - Climate changes and food supply UR - http://www.ciesin.org/docs/004-138/004-138.html VL - 8 ID - 23238 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pimentel, David AU - Burgess, Michael DO - 10.3390/agriculture3030443 IS - 3 PY - 2013 SN - 2077-0472 SP - 443-463 ST - Soil erosion threatens food production T2 - Agriculture TI - Soil erosion threatens food production VL - 3 ID - 23569 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat vulnerability of urban populations is becoming a major issue of concern with climate change, particularly in the cities of the Southwest United States. In this article we discuss the importance of understanding coupled social and technical systems, how they constitute one another, and how they form the conditions and circumstances in which people experience heat. We discuss the particular situation of Los Angeles and Maricopa Counties, their urban form and the electric grid. We show how vulnerable populations are created by virtue of the age and construction of buildings, the morphology of roads and distribution of buildings on the landscape. Further, the regulatory infrastructure of electricity generation and distribution also contributes to creating differential vulnerability. We contribute to a better understanding of the importance of sociotechnical systems. Social infrastructure includes codes, conventions, rules and regulations; technical systems are the hard systems of pipes, wires, buildings, roads, and power plants. These interact to create lock-in that is an obstacle to addressing issues such as urban heat stress in a novel and equitable manner. AU - Pincetl, S. AU - Chester, M. AU - Eisenman, D. C7 - 842 DA - Sep DO - 10.3390/su8090842 IS - 9 KW - SW Vulnerability Urban Heat Infrastructure N1 - Pincetl, Stephanie Chester, Mikhail Eisenman, David PY - 2016 SN - 2071-1050 ST - Urban heat stress vulnerability in the US Southwest: The role of sociotechnical systems T2 - Sustainability TI - Urban heat stress vulnerability in the US Southwest: The role of sociotechnical systems VL - 8 ID - 22821 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In recent articles I have argued that integrated assessment models (IAMs) have flaws that make them close to useless as tools for policy analysis. IAM-based analyses of climate policy create a perception of knowledge and precision that is illusory and can fool policymakers into thinking that the forecasts the models generate have some kind of scientific legitimacy. However, some economists and climate scientists have claimed that we need to use some kind of model for policy analysis and that IAMs can be structured and used in ways that correct for their shortcomings. For example, it has been argued that although we know very little about key relationships in the model, we can get around this problem by attaching probability distributions to various parameters and then simulating the model using Monte Carlo methods. I argue that this would buy us nothing and that a simpler and more transparent approach to the design of climate change policy is preferable. I briefly outline what such an approach would look like. AU - Pindyck, Robert S. DO - 10.1093/reep/rew012 IS - 1 N1 - 10.1093/reep/rew012 PY - 2017 SN - 1750-6816 SP - 100-114 ST - The use and misuse of models for climate policy T2 - Review of Environmental Economics and Policy TI - The use and misuse of models for climate policy VL - 11 ID - 24469 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pinsky, Malin L. AU - Fogarty, Michael C6 - NCA DA - 2012/12/01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-012-0599-x IS - 3-4 LA - English PY - 2012 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 883-891 ST - Lagged social–ecological responses to climate and range shifts in fisheries T2 - Climatic Change TI - Lagged social–ecological responses to climate and range shifts in fisheries VL - 115 ID - 15029 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pinsky, Malin L. AU - Mantua, Nathan J. DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2014.93 IS - 4 PY - 2014 SP - 146-159 ST - Emerging adaptation approaches for climate-ready fisheries management T2 - Oceanography TI - Emerging adaptation approaches for climate-ready fisheries management VL - 27 ID - 21721 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Early responses of species to climate change seemed to predict a general poleward response (or upward in mountains and downward in the ocean). Pinsky et al. (p. 1239) test an alternative hypothesis that relates more to the nature of climate change than to changes in temperature. Using nearly 50 years of coastal survey data on >350 marine taxa, they found that climate velocity was a much better predictor of patterns of change than individual species' characteristics or life histories. The findings suggest that responses to climate change largely track changes in local conditions.Organisms are expected to adapt or move in response to climate change, but observed distribution shifts span a wide range of directions and rates. Explanations often emphasize biological distinctions among species, but general mechanisms have been elusive. We tested an alternative hypothesis: that differences in climate velocity—the rate and direction that climate shifts across the landscape—can explain observed species shifts. We compiled a database of coastal surveys around North America from 1968 to 2011, sampling 128 million individuals across 360 marine taxa. Climate velocity explained the magnitude and direction of shifts in latitude and depth much more effectively than did species characteristics. Our results demonstrate that marine species shift at different rates and directions because they closely track the complex mosaic of local climate velocities.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/341/6151/1239.full.pdf AU - Pinsky, Malin L. AU - Worm, Boris AU - Fogarty, Michael J. AU - Sarmiento, Jorge L. AU - Levin, Simon A. DO - 10.1126/science.1239352 IS - 6151 PY - 2013 SP - 1239-1242 ST - Marine taxa track local climate velocities T2 - Science TI - Marine taxa track local climate velocities VL - 341 ID - 21720 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change will pose risks for the world’s food supply in the coming decades; this comes at a time when the global demand for food is expected to soar based on 2050 world population estimates. It is important to recognize that climate change will necessitate temporal and geographical shifts in food production, but will most likely not result in the collapse of our food systems. However, because of differences in the severity of how climate change will affect agriculture, regional and temporal changes in production and harvest-time will challenge the existing and sometimes outdated agricultural infrastructure with respect to collection, storage, transportation, and distribution of food. Increasing regional and global urbanization will further perturb these systems. Adaptation to climate change with respect to crop and food animal production will have to occur at multiple temporal, seasonal, and geospatial levels. Other major adaptation measures will have to occur with respect to crop selection, genetics, CO2 and temperature sensitivity, and resilience of crops and food animals, water resources, and mitigation of invasive species. Technology, including sophisticated Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based modeling, coupled with publically available soil and weather data that help farmers optimize production and conservation will be essential toward adaptation. Communication of this type of localized technical information to agricultural stakeholders by national, federal, and state entities is beginning to occur in order to help farmers adapt and prepare for extreme events associated with climate change. As the largest agricultural state in the USA, California has developed a robust mitigation and adaptation strategy that may be useful for other nation-states. AU - Pitesky, Maurice AU - Gunasekara, Amrith AU - Cook, Carolyn AU - Mitloehner, Frank DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s40518-014-0006-5 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 2196-3010 SP - 43-50 ST - Adaptation of agricultural and food systems to a changing climate and increasing urbanization T2 - Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports TI - Adaptation of agricultural and food systems to a changing climate and increasing urbanization VL - 1 ID - 23568 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pitman, A.J. AU - Avila, F.B. AU - Abramowitz, G. AU - Wang, Y.P. AU - Phipps, S.J. AU - de Noblet-Ducoudré, N. DO - 10.1038/nclimate1294 IS - 9 PY - 2011 SN - 1758-678X SP - 472-475 ST - Importance of background climate in determining impact of land-cover change on regional climate T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Importance of background climate in determining impact of land-cover change on regional climate VL - 1 ID - 22628 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pizzolato, Larissa AU - Howell, Stephen E. L. AU - Dawson, Jackie AU - Laliberté, Frédéric AU - Copland, Luke DO - 10.1002/2016GL071489 IS - 23 KW - sea ice shipping marine transportation climate change Arctic Canada 0750 Sea ice 1621 Cryospheric change 1635 Oceans 1926 Geospatial 9315 Arctic region PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 12,146-12,154 ST - The influence of declining sea ice on shipping activity in the Canadian arctic T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - The influence of declining sea ice on shipping activity in the Canadian arctic VL - 43 ID - 22277 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Declining sea ice area in the Canadian Arctic has gained significant attention with respect to the prospect of increased shipping activities. To investigate relationships between recent declines in sea ice area with Arctic maritime activity, trend and correlation analysis was performed on sea ice area data for total, first-year ice (FYI), and multi-year ice (MYI), and on a comprehensive shipping dataset of observed vessel transits through the Vessel Traffic Reporting Arctic Canada Traffic Zone (NORDREG zone) from 1990 to 2012. Links to surface air temperature (SAT) and the satellite derived melt season length were also investigated. Between 1990 and 2012, statistically significant increases in vessel traffic were observed within the NORDREG zone on monthly and annual time-scales coincident with declines in sea ice area (FYI, MYI, and total ice) during the shipping season and on a monthly basis. Similarly, the NORDREG zone is experiencing increased shoulder season shipping activity, alongside an increasing melt season length and warming surface air temperatures (SAT). Despite these trends, only weak correlations between the variables were identified, although a step increase in shipping activity is apparent following the former summer sea ice extent minimum in 2007. Other non-environmental factors have also likely contributed to the observed increase in Arctic shipping activity within the Canadian Arctic, such as tourism demand, community re-supply needs, and resource exploration trends. AU - Pizzolato, Larissa AU - Howell, Stephen E. L. AU - Derksen, Chris AU - Dawson, Jackie AU - Copland, Luke DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-1038-3 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 161-173 ST - Changing sea ice conditions and marine transportation activity in Canadian arctic waters between 1990 and 2012 T2 - Climatic Change TI - Changing sea ice conditions and marine transportation activity in Canadian arctic waters between 1990 and 2012 VL - 123 ID - 22348 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Plevin, Richard J AU - O'Hare, Michael AU - Jones, Andrew D AU - Torn, Margaret S AU - Gibbs, Holly K DO - 10.1021/es101946t IS - 21 PY - 2010 SN - 0013-936X SP - 8015-8021 ST - Greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels’ indirect land use change are uncertain but may be much greater than previously estimated T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels’ indirect land use change are uncertain but may be much greater than previously estimated VL - 44 ID - 22629 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Plourde, James D. AU - Pijanowski, Bryan C. AU - Pekin, Burak K. DA - 2013/01/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2012.11.011 KW - Cropland data layer Crop footprint changes Crop rotation PY - 2013 SN - 0167-8809 SP - 50-59 ST - Evidence for increased monoculture cropping in the Central United States T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment TI - Evidence for increased monoculture cropping in the Central United States VL - 165 ID - 21600 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It is traditional for Hawaiians to “consult nature” so that fishing is practiced at times and places, and with gear that causes minimum disruption of natural biological and ecological processes. The Ho‘olehua Hawaiian Homestead continues this tradition in and around Mo‘omomi Bay on the northwest coast of the island of Moloka‘i. This community relies heavily on inshore marine resources for subsistence and consequently, has an intimate knowledge of these resources. The shared knowledge, beliefs, and values of the community are culturally channeled to promote proper fishing behavior. This informal system brings more knowledge, experience, and moral commitment to fishery conservation than more centralized government management. AU - Poepoe, Kelson K. AU - Bartram, Paul K. AU - Friedlander, Alan M. DP - ResearchGate IS - 1 PY - 2002 SN - 1198-6727 SP - 328-339 ST - The use of traditional Hawaiian knowledge in the contemporary management of marine resources T2 - Fisheries Centre Research Reports TI - The use of traditional Hawaiian knowledge in the contemporary management of marine resources UR - https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/download/pdf/52383/1.0074793/1 VL - 11 ID - 22497 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Poff, N. LeRoy AU - Brown, Casey M. AU - Grantham, Theodore E. AU - Matthews, John H. AU - Palmer, Margaret A. AU - Spence, Caitlin M. AU - Wilby, Robert L. AU - Haasnoot, Marjolijn AU - Mendoza, Guillermo F. AU - Dominique, Kathleen C. AU - Baeza, Andres DA - 09/14/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2765 M3 - Perspective PY - 2016 SP - 25-34 ST - Sustainable water management under future uncertainty with eco-engineering decision scaling T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Sustainable water management under future uncertainty with eco-engineering decision scaling VL - 6 ID - 25380 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Poff, N.L.R. AU - Brinson, M.M. AU - Day, J.W. C4 - b13ae849-e3b5-4f06-87f8-38dcfe0e7d65 CY - Arlington, Virginia PB - Pew Center on Global Climate Change PY - 2002 SP - 56 ST - Aquatic Ecosystems & Global Climate Change: Potential Impacts on Inland Freshwater and Coastal Wetland Ecosystems in the United States TI - Aquatic Ecosystems & Global Climate Change: Potential Impacts on Inland Freshwater and Coastal Wetland Ecosystems in the United States UR - https://www.pewtrusts.org/-/media/legacy/uploadedfiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/reports/protecting_ocean_life/envclimateaquaticecosystemspdf.pdf ID - 15035 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Pohnpei State CY - Federated States of Micronesia PY - 2015 SP - 87 ST - Pohnpei Joint State Action Plan for Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change TI - Pohnpei Joint State Action Plan for Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change UR - http://bsrp.gsd.spc.int/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/JSAP-report_web-1.pdf ID - 26415 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In most Mediterranean climate (MedClim) regions around the world, global climate models (GCMs) consistently project drier futures. In California, however, projections of changes in annual precipitation are inconsistent. Analysis of daily precipitation in 30 GCMs reveals patterns in projected hydrometeorology over each of the five MedClm regions globally and helps disentangle their causes. MedClim regions, except California, are expected to dry via decreased frequency of winter precipitation. Frequencies of extreme precipitation, however, are projected to increase over the two MedClim regions of the Northern Hemisphere where projected warming is strongest. The increase in heavy and extreme precipitation is particularly robust over California, where it is only partially offset by projected decreases in low-medium intensity precipitation. Over the Mediterranean Basin, however, losses from decreasing frequency of low-medium-intensity precipitation are projected to dominate gains from intensifying projected extreme precipitation. MedClim regions are projected to become more sub-tropical, i.e. made dryer via pole-ward expanding subtropical subsidence. California’s more nuanced hydrological future reflects a precarious balance between the expanding subtropical high from the south and the south-eastward extending Aleutian low from the north-west. These dynamical mechanisms and thermodynamic moistening of the warming atmosphere result in increased horizontal water vapor transport, bolstering extreme precipitation events. AU - Polade, Suraj D. AU - Gershunov, Alexander AU - Cayan, Daniel R. AU - Dettinger, Michael D. AU - Pierce, David W. DA - 2017/09/07 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-11285-y IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 10783 ST - Precipitation in a warming world: Assessing projected hydro-climate changes in California and other Mediterranean climate regions T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Precipitation in a warming world: Assessing projected hydro-climate changes in California and other Mediterranean climate regions VL - 7 ID - 25977 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Polade, Suraj D. AU - Pierce, David W. AU - Cayan, Daniel R. AU - Gershunov, Alexander AU - Dettinger, Michael D. DA - 03/13/online DO - 10.1038/srep04364 M3 - Article PY - 2014 SP - 4364 ST - The key role of dry days in changing regional climate and precipitation regimes T2 - Scientific Reports TI - The key role of dry days in changing regional climate and precipitation regimes VL - 4 ID - 25978 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Polgar, Caroline A. AU - Primack, Richard B. DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03803.x IS - 4 KW - budburst climate change leaf-out phenology temperate forests PY - 2011 SN - 1469-8137 SP - 926-941 ST - Leaf-out phenology of temperate woody plants: From trees to ecosystems T2 - New Phytologist TI - Leaf-out phenology of temperate woody plants: From trees to ecosystems VL - 191 ID - 21719 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Polley, H. Wayne AU - Briske, David D. AU - Morgan, Jack A. AU - Wolter, Klaus AU - Bailey, Derek W. AU - Brown, Joel R. DA - 2013/09/01/ DO - 10.2111/REM-D-12-00068.1 IS - 5 KW - atmospheric CO atmospheric warming climate variability greenhouse gases livestock production precipitation patterns PY - 2013 SN - 1550-7424 SP - 493-511 ST - Climate change and North American rangelands: Trends, projections, and implications T2 - Rangeland Ecology & Management TI - Climate change and North American rangelands: Trends, projections, and implications VL - 66 ID - 21601 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Poloczanska, Elvira S. AU - Brown, Christopher J. AU - Sydeman, William J. AU - Kiessling, Wolfgang AU - Schoeman, David S. AU - Moore, Pippa J. AU - Brander, Keith AU - Bruno, John F. AU - Buckley, Lauren B. AU - Burrows, Michael T. AU - Duarte, Carlos M. AU - Halpern, Benjamin S. AU - Holding, Johnna AU - Kappel, Carrie V. AU - O’Connor, Mary I. AU - Pandolfi, John M. AU - Parmesan, Camille AU - Schwing, Franklin AU - Thompson, Sarah Ann AU - Richardson, Anthony J. DA - 08/04/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate1958 PY - 2013 SP - 919-925 ST - Global imprint of climate change on marine life T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Global imprint of climate change on marine life VL - 3 ID - 23438 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is driving changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have consequences for marine ecosystems. Here, we review evidence for the responses of marine life to recent climate change across ocean regions, from tropical seas to polar oceans. We consider observed changes in calcification rates, demography, abundance, distribution and phenology of marine species. We draw on a database of observed climate change impacts on marine species, supplemented with evidence in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We discuss factors that limit or facilitate species’ responses, such as fishing pressure, the availability of prey, habitat, light and other resources, and dispersal by ocean currents. We find that general trends in species responses are consistent with expectations from climate change, including poleward and deeper distributional shifts, advances in spring phenology, declines in calcification and increases in the abundance of warm-water species. The volume and type of evidence of species responses to climate change is variable across ocean regions and taxonomic groups, with much evidence derived from the heavily-studied north Atlantic Ocean. Most investigations of marine biological impacts of climate change are of the impacts of changing temperature, with few observations of effects of changing oxygen, wave climate, precipitation (coastal waters) or ocean acidification. Observations of species responses that have been linked to anthropogenic climate change are widespread, but are still lacking for some taxonomic groups (e.g., phytoplankton, benthic invertebrates, marine mammals). AU - Poloczanska, Elvira S. AU - Burrows, Michael T. AU - Brown, Christopher J. AU - García Molinos, Jorge AU - Halpern, Benjamin S. AU - Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove AU - Kappel, Carrie V. AU - Moore, Pippa J. AU - Richardson, Anthony J. AU - Schoeman, David S. AU - Sydeman, William J. DA - 2016-May-04 DO - 10.3389/fmars.2016.00062 IS - 62 KW - Climate Change,Range shifts,Phenology,ocean acidification,Demography,abundance LA - English M3 - Review PY - 2016 SN - 2296-7745 ST - Responses of marine organisms to climate change across oceans T2 - Frontiers in Marine Science TI - Responses of marine organisms to climate change across oceans VL - 3 ID - 25520 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Fogarty, Michael J. A2 - McCarthy, James J. A3 - Fogarty, Michael J. A2 - McCarthy, James J. AU - Polovina, Jeffrey AU - Hobday, Alistair J. AU - Koslow, J. Anthony AU - Saba, Vincent S. C4 - 6cf389bc-8e3b-4613-91ee-45cf028a4f42 CY - Cambridge, MA PB - Harvard University Press PY - 2014 SN - 9780674072701 SP - 429-473 ST - Open ocean systems SV - The Sea, volume 16 T2 - Marine Ecosystem-based Management T3 - The Sea TI - Open ocean systems ID - 22498 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We analyzed a 16-year (1996–2011) time series of catch and effort data for 23 species with mean weights ranging from 0.8 kg to 224 kg, recorded by observers in the Hawaii-based deep-set longline fishery. Over this time period, domestic fishing effort, as numbers of hooks set in the core Hawaii-based fishing ground, has increased fourfold. The standardized aggregated annual catch rate for 9 small (<15 kg) species increased about 25% while for 14 large species (>15 kg) it decreased about 50% over the 16-year period. A size-based ecosystem model for the subtropical Pacific captures this pattern well as a response to increased fishing effort. Further, the model projects a decline in the abundance of fishes larger than 15 kg results in an increase in abundance of animals from 0.1 to 15 kg but with minimal subsequent cascade to sizes smaller than 0.1 kg. These results suggest that size-based predation plays a key role in structuring the subtropical ecosystem. These changes in ecosystem size structure show up in the fishery in various ways. The non-commercial species lancetfish (mean weight 7 kg) has now surpassed the target species, bigeye tuna, as the species with the highest annual catch rate. Based on the increase in snake mackerel (mean weight 0.8 kg) and lancetfish catches, the discards in the fishery are estimated to have increased from 30 to 40% of the total catch. AU - Polovina, Jeffrey J. AU - Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A. DA - 2013/04/19/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0062341 DP - PLoS Journals IS - 4 KW - Ecosystems Ecosystem modeling Fish physiology Fisheries science Predation Sharks Snakes Tuna PY - 2013 SN - 1932-6203 SP - e62341 ST - Fishery-induced changes in the subtropical Pacific pelagic ecosystem size structure: Observations and theory T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Fishery-induced changes in the subtropical Pacific pelagic ecosystem size structure: Observations and theory VL - 8 Y2 - 2017/09/23/02:43:39 ID - 22499 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ponce-Campos, Guillermo E. AU - Moran, M. Susan AU - Huete, Alfredo AU - Zhang, Yongguang AU - Bresloff, Cynthia AU - Huxman, Travis E. AU - Eamus, Derek AU - Bosch, David D. AU - Buda, Anthony R. AU - Gunter, Stacey A. AU - Scalley, Tamara Heartsill AU - Kitchen, Stanley G. AU - McClaran, Mitchel P. AU - McNab, W. Henry AU - Montoya, Diane S. AU - Morgan, Jack A. AU - Peters, Debra P. C. AU - Sadler, E. John AU - Seyfried, Mark S. AU - Starks, Patrick J. DA - 01/20/online DO - 10.1038/nature11836 PY - 2013 SP - 349-352 ST - Ecosystem resilience despite large-scale altered hydroclimatic conditions T2 - Nature TI - Ecosystem resilience despite large-scale altered hydroclimatic conditions VL - 494 ID - 23357 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey CY - New York, NY PB - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Engineering Department PY - 2015 SP - 10 ST - Design Guidelines Climate Resilience. v1.1 June 2018 TI - Design Guidelines Climate Resilience. v1.1 June 2018 UR - https://www.panynj.gov/business-opportunities/pdf/discipline-guidelines/climate-resilience.pdf ID - 21909 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Porter, Kimberly AU - Provo, Ginger AU - Franklin, Tricia AU - Ross, Kathy PY - 2011 SP - 1 ST - A New Strategy for Understanding Giardiasis in Alaska T2 - [State of Alaska] Epidemiology Bulletin TI - A New Strategy for Understanding Giardiasis in Alaska UR - http://epibulletins.dhss.alaska.gov/Document/Display?DocumentId=143 VL - 21 ID - 22153 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Posey, John CY - Ann Arbor, MI PB - Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessments (GLISA) Center PY - 2012 SP - 9 ST - Climate Change Impacts on Transportation in the Midwest. White Paper Prepared for the USGCRP National Climate Assessment: Midwest Technical Input Report TI - Climate Change Impacts on Transportation in the Midwest. White Paper Prepared for the USGCRP National Climate Assessment: Midwest Technical Input Report UR - http://glisa.umich.edu/media/files/NCA/MTIT_Transportation.pdf ID - 24559 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Theising, Andrew A2 - Jones, E. Terrence AU - Posey, John C4 - d9754ccb-d173-4624-8e6a-1efb9a37b556 CY - St. Louis, MO PB - Reedy Press PY - 2016 SN - 9781681060194 ST - St. Louis in the Anthropocene: Responding to Global Environmental Change T2 - St. Louis Currents: The Fifth Edition TI - St. Louis in the Anthropocene: Responding to Global Environmental Change ID - 21312 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Post, Eric DA - 2017/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.fooweb.2016.11.002 PY - 2017 SN - 2352-2496 SP - 60-66 ST - Implications of earlier sea ice melt for phenological cascades in arctic marine food webs T2 - Food Webs TI - Implications of earlier sea ice melt for phenological cascades in arctic marine food webs VL - 13 ID - 23439 ER - TY - JOUR AB - After a decade with nine of the lowest arctic sea-ice minima on record, including the historically low minimum in 2012, we synthesize recent developments in the study of ecological responses to sea-ice decline. Sea-ice loss emerges as an important driver of marine and terrestrial ecological dynamics, influencing productivity, species interactions, population mixing, gene flow, and pathogen and disease transmission. Major challenges in the near future include assigning clearer attribution to sea ice as a primary driver of such dynamics, especially in terrestrial systems, and addressing pressures arising from human use of arctic coastal and near-shore areas as sea ice diminishes. AD - The Polar Center, and Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. esp10@psu.edu AU - Post, E. AU - Bhatt, U. S. AU - Bitz, C. M. AU - Brodie, J. F. AU - Fulton, T. L. AU - Hebblewhite, M. AU - Kerby, J. AU - Kutz, S. J. AU - Stirling, I. AU - Walker, D. A. C6 - NIEHS DA - Aug 2 DB - DO - 10.1126/science.1235225 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2013/08/03 IS - 6145 KW - Animals Aquatic Organisms Arctic Regions Climate Change Humans Ice Cover Invertebrates Plant Development Seawater Vertebrates LA - eng N1 - Post, Eric Bhatt, Uma S Bitz, Cecilia M Brodie, Jedediah F Fulton, Tara L Hebblewhite, Mark Kerby, Jeffrey Kutz, Susan J Stirling, Ian Walker, Donald A Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review United States Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):519-24. doi: 10.1126/science.1235225. PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique ; Excluded in Distiller SN - 1095-9203 (Electronic) 0036-8075 (Linking) SP - 519-24 ST - Ecological consequences of sea-ice decline T2 - Science TI - Ecological consequences of sea-ice decline VL - 341 ID - 5003 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Post Staff CY - Hutchinson, KS DA - March 8 PY - 2017 ST - Report: More than 650K acres burned across Kansas T2 - Hutch Post [KS] TI - Report: More than 650K acres burned across Kansas UR - http://www.hutchpost.com/crews-continue-to-fight-wildfires-across-kansas/ ID - 25809 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Potter, Lloyd B. AU - Hoque, Nazrul CY - Austin, TX PB - Texas Office of the State Demographer PY - 2014 SP - 5 ST - Texas Population Projections, 2010 to 2050 TI - Texas Population Projections, 2010 to 2050 UR - http://demographics.texas.gov/Resources/Publications/2014/2014-11_ProjectionBrief.pdf ID - 23307 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Potts, Simon G. AU - Imperatriz-Fonseca, Vera AU - Ngo, Hien T. AU - Aizen, Marcelo A. AU - Biesmeijer, Jacobus C. AU - Breeze, Thomas D. AU - Dicks, Lynn V. AU - Garibaldi, Lucas A. AU - Hill, Rosemary AU - Settele, Josef AU - Vanbergen, Adam J. DA - 11/28/online DO - 10.1038/nature20588 M3 - Review Article PY - 2016 SP - 220-229 ST - Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being T2 - Nature TI - Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being VL - 540 ID - 26604 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Powell, Emily J. AU - Tyrrell, Megan C. AU - Milliken, Andrew AU - Tirpak, John M. AU - Staudinger, Michelle D. DA - 2017/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.07.012 KW - Sea level rise Coastal storms Flooding Inundation Coastal adaptation PY - 2017 SN - 0964-5691 SP - 75-88 ST - A synthesis of thresholds for focal species along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts: A review of research and applications T2 - Ocean & Coastal Management TI - A synthesis of thresholds for focal species along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts: A review of research and applications VL - 148 ID - 21910 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Powell, Eric N. AU - Klinck, John M. AU - Munroe, Daphne M. AU - Hofmann, Eileen E. AU - Moreno, Paula AU - Mann, Roger PY - 2015 SP - 1-27 ST - The value of captains’ behavioral choices in the success of the surf clam (Spisula solidissima) fishery on the US Mid-Atlantic coast: A model evaluation T2 - Journal Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Science TI - The value of captains’ behavioral choices in the success of the surf clam (Spisula solidissima) fishery on the US Mid-Atlantic coast: A model evaluation UR - http://journal.nafo.int/Volumes/Articles/ID/617/The-Value-of-Captains-Behavioral-Choices-in-the-Success-of-the-Surfclam-emSpisula-solidissimaem-Fishery-on-the-US-Mid-Atlantic-Coast-a-Model-Evaluation VL - 47 ID - 26227 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In response to legislative directives beginning in 1975, the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) and the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) jointly established and currently maintain a data collection and analytical study program focused on determining the effects of and needs for freshwater inflows into the state's 10 bay and estuary systems. Study elements include hydrographic surveys, hydrodynamic modeling of circulation and salinity patterns, sediment analyses, nutrient analyses, fisheries analyses, freshwater inflow optimization modeling, and verification of needs. For determining the needs, statistical regression models are developed among freshwater inflows, salinities, and coastal fisheries. Results from the models and analyses are placed into the Texas Estuarine Mathematical Programming (TxEMP) model, along with information on salinity viability limits, nutrient budgets, fishery biomass ratios, and inflow bounds. The numerical relationships are solved within the constraints and limits, and optimized to meet state management objectives for maintenance of biological productivity and overall ecological health. Solution curves from the TxEMP model are verified by TWDB’s hydrodynamic simulation of estuarine circulation and salinity structure, which is evaluated against TPWD’s analysis of species abundance and distribution patterns in each bay and estuary system. An adequate system-wide match initially verifies the inflow solution. Long-term monitoring is recommended in order to verify that implementation of future water management strategies maintain ecological health of the estuaries and to provide an early warning of needs for adaptive management strategies. AU - Powell, Gary L. AU - Matsumoto, Junji AU - Brock, David A. DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/bf02692223 IS - 6 M3 - journal article PY - 2002 SN - 0160-8347 SP - 1262-1274 ST - Methods for determining minimum freshwater inflow needs of Texas bays and estuaries T2 - Estuaries TI - Methods for determining minimum freshwater inflow needs of Texas bays and estuaries VL - 25 ID - 25781 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pozo Buil, Mercedes AU - Di Lorenzo, Emanuele DO - 10.1002/2017GL072931 IS - 9 KW - Subsurface Decadal variability California Current System Oxygen and tracers anomalies Predictability dynamics 4279 Upwelling and convergences 4283 Water masses 4513 Decadal ocean variability PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 4204-4213 ST - Decadal dynamics and predictability of oxygen and subsurface tracers in the California Current System T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Decadal dynamics and predictability of oxygen and subsurface tracers in the California Current System VL - 44 ID - 23843 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Praetorius, S. K. AU - Mix, A. C. AU - Walczak, M. H. AU - Wolhowe, M. D. AU - Addison, J. A. AU - Prahl, F. G. DA - 11/18/online DO - 10.1038/nature15753 PY - 2015 SP - 362-366 ST - North Pacific deglacial hypoxic events linked to abrupt ocean warming T2 - Nature TI - North Pacific deglacial hypoxic events linked to abrupt ocean warming VL - 527 ID - 24825 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Prager, Daniel AU - Burns, Christopher AU - Key, Nigel C4 - ca3887b4-e477-4450-b44c-69b1161977a0 IS - August PB - USDA Economic Research Service PY - 2017 ST - Examining farm sector and farm household income T2 - Amber Waves TI - Examining farm sector and farm household income UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2017/august/examining-farm-sector-and-farm-household-income/ ID - 23636 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pragna, Prathap AU - Archana, P.R. AU - Aleena, Joy AU - Sejian, Veerasamy AU - Krishnan, Govindan AU - Bagath, Madiajagan AU - Manimaran, A. AU - Beena, V. AU - Kurien, E.K. AU - Varma, Girish AU - Bhatta, Raghavendra DO - 10.3923/ijds.2017.1.11 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - 1-11 ST - Heat stress and dairy cow: Impact on both milk yield and composition T2 - International Journal of Dairy Science TI - Heat stress and dairy cow: Impact on both milk yield and composition VL - 12 ID - 23570 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Prairie, James AU - Nowak, Kenneth AU - Rajagopalan, Balaji AU - Lall, Upmanu AU - Fulp, Terrance DO - 10.1029/2007WR006684 IS - 6 KW - simulation nonparametric Colorado River 1869 Stochastic hydrology 1807 Climate impacts 1817 Extreme events PY - 2008 SN - 1944-7973 SP - W06423 ST - A stochastic nonparametric approach for streamflow generation combining observational and paleoreconstructed data T2 - Water Resources Research TI - A stochastic nonparametric approach for streamflow generation combining observational and paleoreconstructed data VL - 44 ID - 21520 ER - TY - RPRT AU - PRASA CY - Hato Rey, PR PB - Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA) PY - 2011 SP - various ST - Fiscal Year 2010 Consulting Engineer's Report for the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority TI - Fiscal Year 2010 Consulting Engineer's Report for the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority UR - https://www.acueductospr.com/INVESTORS/download/Consulting%20Engineer's%20Reports/2011-02-28%20Final%20Report%20FY2010%20CER.pdf ID - 25261 ER - TY - RPRT AU - PRASA CY - Hato Rey, PR PB - Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA) PY - 2014 SP - various ST - Fiscal Year 2013 Consulting Engineer's Report for the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority TI - Fiscal Year 2013 Consulting Engineer's Report for the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority UR - https://www.acueductospr.com/INVESTORS/download/Consulting%20Engineer's%20Reports/FY2013%20Consulting%20Engineers%20Report%20for%20PRASA_Final.pdf ID - 25262 ER - TY - RPRT AU - PRASA CY - Hato Rey, PR PB - Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA) PY - 2015 SP - various ST - Cambio Climático Plan de Adaptación–Tarea 3 [Climate Change Adaptation Plan] TI - Cambio Climático Plan de Adaptación–Tarea 3 [Climate Change Adaptation Plan] UR - https://www.acueductospr.com/INFRAESTRUCTURA/download/CAMBIO%20CLIMATICO/2015-04-17_Plan%20de%20Adaptaci%C3%B3n_Final.pdf ID - 25263 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Gibson, R. N. A2 - Atkinson, R. J. A. A2 - Gordon, J. D. M. AU - Pratchett, Morgan S. AU - Munday, Philip L. AU - Wilson, Shaun K. AU - Graham, Nicholas A.J. AU - Cinner, Joshua E. AU - Bellwood, David R. AU - Jones, Geoffrey P. AU - Polunin, Nicholas V.C. AU - McClanahan, Tim R. C4 - 1d36fde9-ae33-4604-b58b-2a50da9e5d9e CY - Boca Raton, FL PB - CRC Press PY - 2008 SN - 9781420065756 SP - 251-296 ST - Effects of climate-induced coral bleaching on coral-reef fishes — Ecological and economic consequences T2 - Oceanography and Marine Biology. An Annual Review, Volume 46 TI - Effects of climate-induced coral bleaching on coral-reef fishes — Ecological and economic consequences ID - 25522 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pratt, Corin F. AU - Constantine, Kate L. AU - Murphy, Sean T. DA - 2017/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gfs.2017.01.011 KW - Invasive alien species Economic losses Smallholder Agriculture Eastern Africa Livelihoods PY - 2017 SN - 2211-9124 SP - 31-37 ST - Economic impacts of invasive alien species on African smallholder livelihoods T2 - Global Food Security TI - Economic impacts of invasive alien species on African smallholder livelihoods VL - 14 ID - 25688 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Critical infrastructure networks, including transport, are crucial to the social and economic function of urban areas but are at increasing risk from natural hazards. Minimizing disruption to these networks should form part of a strategy to increase urban resilience. A framework for assessing the disruption from flood events to transport systems is presented that couples a high-resolution urban flood model with transport modelling and network analytics to assess the impacts of extreme rainfall events, and to quantify the resilience value of different adaptation options. A case study in Newcastle upon Tyne in the UK shows that both green roof infrastructure and traditional engineering interventions such as culverts or flood walls can reduce transport disruption from flooding. The magnitude of these benefits depends on the flood event and adaptation strategy, but for the scenarios considered here 3–22% improvements in city-wide travel times are achieved. The network metric of betweenness centrality, weighted by travel time, is shown to provide a rapid approach to identify and prioritize the most critical locations for flood risk management intervention. Protecting just the top ranked critical location from flooding provides an 11% reduction in person delays. A city-wide deployment of green roofs achieves a 26% reduction, and although key routes still flood, the benefits of this strategy are more evenly distributed across the transport network as flood depths are reduced across the model domain. Both options should form part of an urban flood risk management strategy, but this method can be used to optimize investment and target limited resources at critical locations, enabling green infrastructure strategies to be gradually implemented over the longer term to provide city-wide benefits. This framework provides a means of prioritizing limited financial resources to improve resilience. This is particularly important as flood management investments must typically exceed a far higher benefit–cost threshold than transport infrastructure investments. By capturing the value to the transport network from flood management interventions, it is possible to create new business models that provide benefits to, and enhance the resilience of, both transport and flood risk management infrastructures. Further work will develop the framework to consider other hazards and infrastructure networks.%U http://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royopensci/3/5/160023.full.pdf AU - Pregnolato, Maria AU - Ford, Alistair AU - Robson, Craig AU - Glenis, Vassilis AU - Barr, Stuart AU - Dawson, Richard DO - 10.1098/rsos.160023 IS - 5 KW - Infrastructure Adaptation Urban N1 - not US but could apply PY - 2016 ST - Assessing urban strategies for reducing the impacts of extreme weather on infrastructure networks T2 - Royal Society Open Science TI - Assessing urban strategies for reducing the impacts of extreme weather on infrastructure networks VL - 3 ID - 22822 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Prein, Andreas F. AU - Holland, Gregory J. AU - Rasmussen, Roy M. AU - Clark, Martyn P. AU - Tye, Mari R. DO - 10.1002/2015GL066727 IS - 3 KW - U.S. droughts precipitation extremes U.S. Southwest weather types 1620 Climate dynamics 1637 Regional climate change 1812 Drought 3354 Precipitation 4313 Extreme events PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 1272-1279 ST - Running dry: The U.S. Southwest's drift into a drier climate state T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Running dry: The U.S. Southwest's drift into a drier climate state VL - 43 ID - 20289 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Preisler, Haiganoush K. AU - Grulke, Nancy E. AU - Heath, Zachary AU - Smith, Sheri L. DA - 2017/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.05.039 KW - Bark beetle outbreak Drought Fuels reduction Forest planning Generalized additive models Predictive tool PY - 2017 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 166-178 ST - Analysis and out-year forecast of beetle, borer, and drought-induced tree mortality in California T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Analysis and out-year forecast of beetle, borer, and drought-induced tree mortality in California VL - 399 ID - 23844 ER - TY - RPRT AU - PRERWG PB - Puerto Rico Energy Resiliency Working Group (PRERWG) PY - 2017 SP - various ST - Build Back Better: Reimagining and Strengthening the Power Grid of Puerto Rico TI - Build Back Better: Reimagining and Strengthening the Power Grid of Puerto Rico UR - https://www.governor.ny.gov/sites/governor.ny.gov/files/atoms/files/PRERWG_Report_PR_Grid_Resiliency_Report.pdf ID - 25435 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The mountain pine beetle has killed lodgepole pine and other species of pines in the western United States in an ongoing epidemic. The most heavily affected states are in the interior West: Colorado, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming, with smaller losses elsewhere. Timber salvage is one response to the epidemic, which could generate revenues for affected landowners and provide wood to forest product manufacturers and, potentially, energy producers. Salvage is occurring, but policymakers have advocated greater rates of such timber removals. To estimate total costs and revenues from salvage and thereby illuminate the economic dimensions of greater salvage removals, we simulated alternative salvage intensity levels on national forests and on other public and private lands where dead standing timber could be potentially recovered and entered into product markets. Data indicate that 19.7 billion cubic feet of standing dead timber are potentially available for salvage, distributed across 20.3 million acres in 12 western states. Simulations on national forests and on lands under other ownerships indicate that positive net revenues (revenues minus costs) could be produced in states with active timber markets on the West Coast and in the northern Rockies, where timber prices would be less depressed by the introduction of large salvage volumes. The central Rocky Mountain states of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming, which have the largest percentage volume and acreage impacts from salvable standing dead timber, would not generate profitable timber salvage. Simulations of a hypothetical doubling of demand in Colorado and Montana leave Colorado with smaller losses and Montana with larger gains. AU - Prestemon, Jeffrey P. AU - Abt, Karen L. AU - Potter, Kevin M. AU - Koch, Frank H. DA - // DO - 10.5849/wjaf.12-032 IS - 4 KW - epidemic insects markets spatial equilibrium wood products PY - 2013 SP - 143-153 ST - An economic assessment of mountain pine beetle timber salvage in the West T2 - Western Journal of Applied Forestry TI - An economic assessment of mountain pine beetle timber salvage in the West VL - 28 ID - 21957 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Future changes in society and climate are expected to affect wildfire activity in the south-eastern United States. The objective of this research was to understand how changes in both climate and society may affect wildfire in the coming decades. We estimated a three-stage statistical model of wildfire area burned by ecoregion province for lightning and human causes (1992–2010) based on precipitation, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, forest land use, human population and personal income. Estimated parameters from the statistical models were used to project wildfire area burned from 2011 to 2060 under nine climate realisations, using a combination of three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-based emissions scenarios (A1B, A2, B2) and three general circulation models. Monte Carlo simulation quantifies ranges in projected area burned by county by year, and in total for higher-level spatial aggregations. Projections indicated, overall in the Southeast, that median annual area burned by lightning-ignited wildfire increases by 34%, human-ignited wildfire decreases by 6%, and total wildfire increases by 4% by 2056–60 compared with 2016–20. Total wildfire changes vary widely by state (–47 to +30%) and ecoregion province (–73 to +79%). Our analyses could be used to generate projections of wildfire-generated air pollutant exposures, relevant to meeting the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. AU - Prestemon, Jeffrey P. AU - Shankar, Uma AU - Xiu, Aijun AU - Talgo, K. AU - Yang, D. AU - Dixon, Ernest AU - McKenzie, Donald AU - Abt, Karen L. DO - 10.1071/WF15124 IS - 7 KW - climate change, human-caused wildfire, land use, lightning-caused wildfire. PY - 2016 SP - 715-729 ST - Projecting wildfire area burned in the south-eastern United States, 2011–60 T2 - International Journal of Wildland Fire TI - Projecting wildfire area burned in the south-eastern United States, 2011–60 VL - 25 ID - 20932 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Despite improvements in disaster risk management in the United States, a trend toward increasing economic losses from extreme weather events has been observed. This trend has been attributed to growth in socioeconomic exposure to extremes, a process characterized by strong path dependence. To understand the influence of path dependence on past and future losses, an index of potential socioeconomic exposure was developed at the U.S. county level based upon population size and inflation-adjusted wealth proxies. Since 1960, exposure has increased preferentially in the U.S. Southeast (particularly coastal and urban counties) and Southwest relative to the Great Plains and Northeast. Projected changes in exposure from 2009 to 2054 based upon scenarios of future demographic and economic change suggest a long-term commitment to increasing, but spatially heterogeneous, exposure to extremes, independent of climate change. The implications of this path dependence are examined in the context of several natural hazards. Using methods previously reported in the literature, annualized county-level losses from 1960 to 2008 for five climate-related natural hazards were normalized to 2009 values and then scaled based upon projected changes in exposure and two different estimates of the exposure elasticity of losses. Results indicate that losses from extreme events will grow by a factor of 1.3-1.7 and 1.8-3.9 by 2025 and 2050, respectively, with the exposure elasticity representing a major source of uncertainty. The implications of increasing physical vulnerability to extreme weather events for investments in disaster risk management are ultimately contingent upon the normative values of societal actors. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. AU - Preston, B. L. DA - Aug DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.02.009 IS - 4 KW - Climate change Exposure PY - 2013 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 719-732 ST - Local path dependence of US socioeconomic exposure to climate extremes and the vulnerability commitment T2 - Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions TI - Local path dependence of US socioeconomic exposure to climate extremes and the vulnerability commitment VL - 23 ID - 22823 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Preston, B.L. AU - Westaway, R.M. AU - Yuen, E.J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s11027-010-9270-x IS - 4 PY - 2011 SN - 1381-2386 SP - 407-438 ST - Climate adaptation planning in practice: An evaluation of adaptation plans from three developed nations T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - Climate adaptation planning in practice: An evaluation of adaptation plans from three developed nations VL - 16 ID - 15055 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Pretty Paint-Small, Valerie C4 - 64913136-c1c1-41b4-b3d5-a78181d2c002 CY - Fort Collins, CO N1 - PhD dissertation, CSU PB - Colorado State University PY - 2013 SN - 9781303152382 SP - 35-63 ST - Climate change and invasion: Does a loss of ecological integrity affect the cultural expression of an indigenous culture? T2 - Linking Culture, Ecology and Policy: The Invasion of Russian-Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) on the Crow Indian Reservation, South-Central Montana, USA TI - Climate change and invasion: Does a loss of ecological integrity affect the cultural expression of an indigenous culture? UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10217/78865 ID - 21688 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Despite the importance of urban trees, their growth reaction to climate change and to the urban heat island effect has not yet been investigated with an international scope. While we are well informed about forest growth under recent conditions, it is unclear if this knowledge can be simply transferred to urban environments. Based on tree ring analyses in ten metropolises worldwide, we show that, in general, urban trees have undergone accelerated growth since the 1960s. In addition, urban trees tend to grow more quickly than their counterparts in the rural surroundings. However, our analysis shows that climate change seems to enhance the growth of rural trees more than that of urban trees. The benefits of growing in an urban environment seem to outweigh known negative effects, however, accelerated growth may also mean more rapid ageing and shortened lifetime. Thus, city planners should adapt to the changed dynamics in order to secure the ecosystem services provided by urban trees. AU - Pretzsch, Hans AU - Biber, Peter AU - Uhl, Enno AU - Dahlhausen, Jens AU - Schütze, Gerhard AU - Perkins, Diana AU - Rötzer, Thomas AU - Caldentey, Juan AU - Koike, Takayoshi AU - Con, Tran van AU - Chavanne, Aurélia AU - Toit, Ben du AU - Foster, Keith AU - Lefer, Barry DA - 2017/11/13 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-14831-w IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 15403 ST - Climate change accelerates growth of urban trees in metropolises worldwide T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Climate change accelerates growth of urban trees in metropolises worldwide VL - 7 ID - 26089 ER - TY - ADVS AU - Price-Waldman, Sam AU - Raff, Jeremy NV - 7:21 minutes PB - The Atlantic (magazine) PY - 2016 ST - The Mexican Citizens Fighting America's Fires [video] T2 - Atlantic Documentaries TI - The Mexican Citizens Fighting America's Fires [video] UR - https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/480354/los-diablos/ ID - 22118 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Prokopy, Linda Stalker AU - Carlton, J. Stuart AU - Haigh, Tonya AU - Lemos, Maria Carmen AU - Mase, Amber Saylor AU - Widhalm, Melissa DA - 2017/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2016.10.004 KW - Co-production Climate change Midwestern U.S. Corn producers Agricultural advisors Interdisciplinary PY - 2017 SN - 2212-0963 SP - 1-7 ST - Useful to usable: Developing usable climate science for agriculture T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - Useful to usable: Developing usable climate science for agriculture VL - 15 ID - 26626 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Prouty, Nancy G. AU - Cohen, Anne AU - Yates, Kimberly K. AU - Storlazzi, Curt D. AU - Swarzenski, Peter W. AU - White, Darla DO - 10.1002/2017JC013264 IS - 12 PY - 2017 SP - 9319-9331 ST - Vulnerability of coral reefs to bioerosion from land-based source of pollution T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans TI - Vulnerability of coral reefs to bioerosion from land-based source of pollution VL - 122 ID - 22500 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Provancha, Mark J. AU - Schmalzer, Paul A. AU - Hall, Carlton R. IS - 4 PY - 1986 SP - 199-212 ST - Effects of the December 1983 and January 1985 freezing air temperatures on select aquatic poikilotherms and plant species of Merritt Island, Florida T2 - Florida Scientist TI - Effects of the December 1983 and January 1985 freezing air temperatures on select aquatic poikilotherms and plant species of Merritt Island, Florida UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/24320159 VL - 49 ID - 24369 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Prowse, T. D. AU - Bonsal, B.R. AU - Duguay, C.R. AU - Lacroix, J. DO - 10.3189/172756407782871431 IS - 1 PY - 2007 SP - 443-451 ST - River-ice break-up/freeze-up: A review of climatic drivers, historical trends and future predictions T2 - Annals of Glaciology TI - River-ice break-up/freeze-up: A review of climatic drivers, historical trends and future predictions VL - 46 ID - 22278 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pruski, F.F. AU - Nearing, M.A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2001WR000493 IS - 12 PY - 2002 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 34-1 - 34-11 ST - Climate-induced changes in erosion during the 21st century for eight U.S. locations T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Climate-induced changes in erosion during the 21st century for eight U.S. locations VL - 38 ID - 15068 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Pryor, S.C. CY - Bloomington, IN PB - Indiana University Press PY - 2013 SN - 978-0-253-00682-0 SP - 288 ST - Climate Change in the Midwest: Impacts, Risks, Vulnerability and Adaptation TI - Climate Change in the Midwest: Impacts, Risks, Vulnerability and Adaptation ID - 15070 ER - TY - JOUR AN - WOS:000262387000004 AU - Pryor, S. C. AU - Howe, J. A. AU - Kunkel, K. E. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1002/joc.1696 IS - 1 PY - 2009 SN - 0899-8418 SP - 31-45 ST - How spatially coherent and statistically robust are temporal changes in extreme precipitation in the contiguous USA? T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - How spatially coherent and statistically robust are temporal changes in extreme precipitation in the contiguous USA? VL - 29 ID - 15074 ER - TY - WEB AU - PSMSL PB - Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level PY - 2016 ST - Obtaining tide gauge data TI - Obtaining tide gauge data UR - http://www.psmsl.org/data/obtaining/ VL - 2017 ID - 20979 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Psuty, Norbert P. AU - Ames, Katherine AU - Habeck, Andrea AU - Schmelz, William DA - 2018/04/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.08.004 PY - 2018 SN - 0964-5691 SP - 170-182 ST - Responding to coastal change: Creation of a regional approach to monitoring and management, northeastern region, U.S.A T2 - Ocean & Coastal Management TI - Responding to coastal change: Creation of a regional approach to monitoring and management, northeastern region, U.S.A VL - 156 ID - 26228 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate models project rising drought risks over the southwestern and central U.S. in the twenty-first century due to increasing greenhouse gases. The projected drier regions largely overlay the major dust sources in the United States. However, whether dust activity in U.S. will increase in the future is not clear, due to the large uncertainty in dust modeling. This study found that changes of dust activity in the U.S. in the recent decade are largely associated with the variations of precipitation, soil bareness, and surface winds speed. Using multi-model output under the Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 scenario, we project that climate change will increase dust activity in the southern Great Plains from spring to fall in the late half of the twenty-first century – largely due to reduced precipitation, enhanced land surface bareness, and increased surface wind speed. Over the northern Great Plains, less dusty days are expected in spring due to increased precipitation and reduced bareness. Given the large negative economic and societal consequences of severe dust storms, this study complements the multi-model projection on future dust variations and may help improve risk management and resource planning. AU - Pu, Bing AU - Ginoux, Paul DA - 2017/07/17 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-05431-9 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 5553 ST - Projection of American dustiness in the late 21st century due to climate change T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Projection of American dustiness in the late 21st century due to climate change VL - 7 ID - 23691 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Puerto Rico Climate Change Council CY - San Juan, PR PB - Puerto Rico Coastal Zone Management Program PY - 2013 SP - 316 ST - Puerto Rico’s State of the Climate 2010-2013: Assessing Puerto Rico’s Social-Ecological Vulnerabilities in a Changing Climate TI - Puerto Rico’s State of the Climate 2010-2013: Assessing Puerto Rico’s Social-Ecological Vulnerabilities in a Changing Climate UR - http://pr-ccc.org/download/PR%20State%20of%20the%20Climate-FINAL_ENE2015.pdf ID - 25260 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Jacobs, Kasey R. A2 - Carrubba, Lisamarie A2 - Díaz, Ernesto L. AU - Puerto Rico Climate Change Council C4 - 655645c9-ea1b-41ba-b9a0-b1c31d91d610 CY - San Juan, PR PB - Puerto Rico Coastal Zone Management Program, Department of Natural and Environmental Resources and NOAA Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management PY - 2013 SP - 85-250 ST - Working Group 2 report: Ecology and biodiversity T2 - Puerto Rico’s State of the Climate 2010-2013: Assessing Puerto Rico’s Social-Ecological Vulnerabilities in a Changing Climate TI - Working Group 2 report: Ecology and biodiversity UR - http://pr-ccc.org/download/PR%20State%20of%20the%20Climate-FINAL_ENE2015.pdf ID - 26696 ER - TY - WEB AU - Puerto Rico Coastal Zone Management Program CY - San Juan, PR PB - Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (DRNA in Spanish) PY - 2017 ST - Riesgos Costeros [Coastal Hazards] TI - Riesgos Costeros [Coastal Hazards] UR - http://drna.pr.gov/programas-y-proyectos/zona-costanera/riesgos-costeros/ ID - 26700 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Puerto Rico National Parks Company CY - San Juan, PR PB - Puerto Rico National Parks Company (CPNPR in Spanish) PY - 2013 ST - Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) for Puerto Rico 2013-2018 TI - Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) for Puerto Rico 2013-2018 ID - 26698 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Puerto Rico Planning Board CY - San Juan, PR PB - Puerto Rico Planning Board PY - 2017 SP - 86 ST - Apéndice Estadístico Informe Económico al Gobernador y a la Asamblea Legislativa [Statistical Appendix of the Economic Report to the Governor and to the Legislative Assembly] 2016 TI - Apéndice Estadístico Informe Económico al Gobernador y a la Asamblea Legislativa [Statistical Appendix of the Economic Report to the Governor and to the Legislative Assembly] 2016 UR - http://gis.jp.pr.gov/Externo_Econ/Ap%C3%A9ndices%20Estad%C3%ADsticos/Ap%C3%A9ndice%20Estad%C3%ADstico%202016.pdf ID - 25254 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Puerto Rico Ports Authority CY - San Juan, PR PY - 2016 ST - Aviation Bureau Report Fiscal Year 2016 TI - Aviation Bureau Report Fiscal Year 2016 ID - 26699 ER - TY - PRESS AU - Puerto Rico State Department CY - San Juan, PR DA - 22 November 2016 PY - 2016 ST - Ordenes Ejecutivas [Executive Orders: Search/Buscar "OE-2016-048"] TI - Ordenes Ejecutivas [Executive Orders: Search/Buscar "OE-2016-048"] UR - http://estado.pr.gov/es/ordenes-ejecutivas/ ID - 26701 ER - TY - PRESS AU - Puerto Rico State Department CY - San Juan, PR DA - [various dates] PY - 2018 ST - Ordenes Ejecutivas [Executive Orders: Search/Buscar "estado de emergencia"] TI - Ordenes Ejecutivas [Executive Orders: Search/Buscar "estado de emergencia"] UR - http://estado.pr.gov/es/ordenes-ejecutivas/ ID - 26441 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pugh, T. A. M. AU - Müller, C. AU - Elliott, J. AU - Deryng, D. AU - Folberth, C. AU - Olin, S. AU - Schmid, E. AU - Arneth, A. DA - 09/20/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms12608 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 12608 ST - Climate analogues suggest limited potential for intensification of production on current croplands under climate change T2 - Nature Communications TI - Climate analogues suggest limited potential for intensification of production on current croplands under climate change VL - 7 ID - 25539 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Integrated water resources management provides an often-recommended governance framework to manage water resources in a sustainable way. The application of this framework on Transboundary Rivers brings additional challenges, which can be exacerbated due to climate changes and extremes (such as droughts). These changes affect the operation of water infrastructures and will affect water management practices. Thus, the understanding and development of adaptation measures (across socio-economic, environmental and administrative systems) are critical, mainly on drought prone transboundary river basins. The paper draws on research conducted to 1) assess climatic risks in those watersheds, 2) describe the challenges in water resources management in the context of climate change, and 3) draw lessons for improving the use of research-based information. Two case studies were selected, the Colorado River Basin (North America) and the Guadiana River (Iberian Peninsula), the latter of which in the context of the five river basins shared between Portugal and Spain. Research and experience in these Basins show that several paradoxes in multistate water management and governance across borders militate against the accurate assessment of socio-economic impacts and the effective use of scientific information for meeting short-term needs in reducing longer-term vulnerabilities. Lessons drawn from both studies, but not always learned in practice, abound. These lessons include an expanded use of incentives for improving collaboration, water-use efficiency, demand management and for the development of climate services to inform water-related management as new threats arise. Recommendations are established for more effectively linking risk assessment approaches with resilience strategies that are applicable in practice and available to decision makers in a changing climate. AU - Pulwarty, Roger S. AU - Maia, Rodrigo DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s11269-014-0885-7 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1650 SP - 273-293 ST - Adaptation challenges in complex rivers around the world: The Guadiana and the Colorado Basins T2 - Water Resources Management TI - Adaptation challenges in complex rivers around the world: The Guadiana and the Colorado Basins VL - 29 ID - 21521 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pulwarty, Roger S. AU - Nurse, Leonard A. AU - Trotz, Ulric O. DO - 10.1080/00139157.2010.522460 IS - 6 PY - 2010 SP - 16-27 ST - Caribbean islands in a changing climate T2 - Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development TI - Caribbean islands in a changing climate VL - 52 ID - 25007 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Knight, C.G. A2 - Jäger, J. AU - Pulwarty, R. S. AU - Simpson, C. AU - Nierenberg, C. R. C4 - ef54566d-e443-4263-85e0-e089b3286dda CY - Cambridge, UK PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2009 SN - 9780521518109 SP - 367-393 ST - The Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) program: Crafting effective assessments for the long haul T2 - Integrated Regional Assessment of Global Climate Change TI - The Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) program: Crafting effective assessments for the long haul UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=B8O31ILKKOMC ID - 15077 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Punt, André E. AU - Butterworth, Doug S. AU - de Moor, Carryn L. AU - De Oliveira, José A. A. AU - Haddon, Malcolm DO - 10.1111/faf.12104 IS - 2 KW - Fisheries management management procedure management strategy evaluation simulation stakeholders uncertainty PY - 2016 SN - 1467-2979 SP - 303-334 ST - Management strategy evaluation: best practices T2 - Fish and Fisheries TI - Management strategy evaluation: best practices VL - 17 ID - 24893 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Punt, André E. AU - Foy, Robert J. AU - Dalton, Michael G. AU - Long, W. Christopher AU - Swiney, Katherine M. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsv205 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 849-864 ST - Effects of long-term exposure to ocean acidification conditions on future southern Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) fisheries management T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Effects of long-term exposure to ocean acidification conditions on future southern Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) fisheries management VL - 73 ID - 22279 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Punt, André E. AU - Poljak, Dusanka AU - Dalton, Michael G. AU - Foy, Robert J. DA - 2014/08/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.017 KW - MSY MEY North Pacific Ocean acidification Red king crab PY - 2014 SN - 0304-3800 SP - 39-53 ST - Evaluating the impact of ocean acidification on fishery yields and profits: The example of red king crab in Bristol Bay T2 - Ecological Modelling TI - Evaluating the impact of ocean acidification on fishery yields and profits: The example of red king crab in Bristol Bay VL - 285 ID - 22280 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The northwestern Gulf of Mexico shelf experiences one of the largest seasonal hypoxic zones in the western hemisphere. Hypoxia (dissolved oxygen, DO ≤ 2.0 mg·L-1) is most severe from May to August during the height of the Gulf shrimp fishery, but its effects on the fishery are not well known. Prior studies indicate that hypoxia alters the spatial dynamics of shrimp and other species through habitat loss and aggregation in nearby oxygenated refuge habitats. We hypothesized that hypoxia-induced changes in the distribution of shrimp also alter the spatial dynamics of the Gulf shrimp fleet. We integrated data on the geographic distribution of shrimp tows and bottom DO to evaluate the effects of hypoxia on spatial patterns in shrimping effort. Our analyses indicate that shrimping effort declines in low DO waters on both the Texas and Louisiana shelf, but that considerable effort still occurs in low DO waters off Louisiana, likely because riverine nutrients fuel both benthic production and low bottom DO in the same general regions. The response of the shrimp fleet to hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf was complex with shifts in effort inshore, offshore, westward, and eastward of the hypoxic zone, as well as to an oxygenated area between two hypoxia regimes associated with the Mississippi and the Atchafalaya River outflows. In contrast, effort on the Texas shelf mostly shifted offshore in response to low DO but also shifted inshore in some years. Spatial patterns in total shrimping effort were driven primarily by the number of shrimp tows, consistent with aggregation of the fleet outside of hypoxic waters, though tow duration also declined in low DO waters. Overall, our results demonstrate that hypoxia alters the spatial dynamics of the Gulf shrimp fishery with potential consequences for harvest interactions and the economic condition of the fishery. AU - Purcell, Kevin M. AU - Craig, J. Kevin AU - Nance, James M. AU - Smith, Martin D. AU - Bennear, Lori S. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0183032 IS - 8 PY - 2017 SP - e0183032 ST - Fleet behavior is responsive to a large-scale environmental disturbance: Hypoxia effects on the spatial dynamics of the northern Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Fleet behavior is responsive to a large-scale environmental disturbance: Hypoxia effects on the spatial dynamics of the northern Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery VL - 12 ID - 25521 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pureswaran, Deepa S. AU - De Grandpré, Louis AU - Paré, David AU - Taylor, Anthony AU - Barrette, Martin AU - Morin, Hubert AU - Régnière, Jacques AU - Kneeshaw, Daniel D. DO - 10.1890/13-2366.1 IS - 6 KW - Abies spp. boreal forest Choristoneura fumiferana climate warming forest productivity multitrophic interactions phenological synchrony Picea spp. spruce budworm outbreak PY - 2015 SN - 1939-9170 SP - 1480-1491 ST - Climate-induced changes in host tree–insect phenology may drive ecological state-shift in boreal forests T2 - Ecology TI - Climate-induced changes in host tree–insect phenology may drive ecological state-shift in boreal forests VL - 96 ID - 23440 ER - TY - RPRT AU - PVPC CY - Springfield, MA PB - Pioneer Valley Planning Commission (PVPC) PY - 2014 SP - 200 ST - Pioneer Valley Climate Action and Clean Energy Plan TI - Pioneer Valley Climate Action and Clean Energy Plan UR - http://www.pvpc.org/sites/default/files/PVPC%20Climate%20Action%20Clean%20Energy%20Plan%20FINAL%2002-18-14.pdf ID - 26265 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pye, H. O. T. AU - Liao, H. AU - Wu, S. AU - Mickley, L. J. AU - Jacob, D. J. AU - Henze, D. K. AU - Seinfeld, J. H. DO - 10.1029/2008JD010701 IS - D1 KW - Climate change aerosols global model 0305 Aerosols and particles 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry 0325 Evolution of the atmosphere 1610 Atmosphere 1630 Impacts of global change PY - 2009 SN - 2156-2202 SP - D01205 ST - Effect of changes in climate and emissions on future sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aerosol levels in the United States T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Effect of changes in climate and emissions on future sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aerosol levels in the United States VL - 114 ID - 24246 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Pye, Steve AU - Dobbins, Audrey AU - Baffert, Claire AU - Brajković, Jurica AU - Grgurev, Ivana AU - De Miglio, Rocco AU - Deane, Paul CY - Stockholm, Sweden NV - Policy Report 2 PB - European Commission, Insight_E PY - 2015 SP - 77 ST - Energy Poverty and Vulnerable Consumers in the Energy Sector Across the EU: Analysis of Policies and Measures TI - Energy Poverty and Vulnerable Consumers in the Energy Sector Across the EU: Analysis of Policies and Measures UR - https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/studies/energy-poverty-and-vulnerable-consumers-energy-sector-across-eu-analysis-policies-and ID - 24445 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Surveys of bumble bees and the plants they visit, carried out in 1974 near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Colorado, were repeated in 2007, thus permitting the testing of hypotheses arising from observed climate change over the intervening 33‐yr period. As expected, given an increase in average air temperature with climate warming and a declining temperature with increasing elevation, there have been significant shifts toward higher elevation for queens or workers or both, for most bumble bee species, for bumble bee queens when species are combined, and for two focal plant species, with no significant downward shifts. However, contrary to our hypotheses, we failed to observe significant altitudinal changes for some bumble bee species and most plant species, and observed changes in elevation were often less than the upward shift of 317 m required to maintain average temperature. As expected, community flowering phenology shifted toward earlier in the season throughout our study area, but bumble bee phenology generally did not change, resulting in decreased synchrony between bees and plants. However, we were unable to confirm the narrower expectation that phenologies of bumble bee workers and community flowering coincided in 1974 but not in 2007. As expected, because of reduced synchrony between bumble bees and community flowering, bumble bee abundance was reduced in 2007 compared with 1974. Hence, climate change in our study area has apparently resulted primarily in reduced abundance and upward shift in distribution for bumble bees and shift toward earlier seasonality for plant flowering. Quantitative disagreements between climate change expectations and our observations warrant further investigation. AU - Pyke, Graham H. AU - Thomson, James D. AU - Inouye, David W. AU - Miller, Timothy J. DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1267 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SP - e01267 ST - Effects of climate change on phenologies and distributions of bumble bees and the plants they visit T2 - Ecosphere TI - Effects of climate change on phenologies and distributions of bumble bees and the plants they visit VL - 7 ID - 25686 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pyrgiotis, Nikolas AU - Malone, Kerry M. AU - Odoni, Amedeo DA - 2013/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.trc.2011.05.017 KW - Airport delays Network of airports Delay propagation PY - 2013 SN - 0968-090X SP - 60-75 ST - Modelling delay propagation within an airport network T2 - Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies TI - Modelling delay propagation within an airport network VL - 27 ID - 24560 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Qi, Di AU - Chen, Liqi AU - Chen, Baoshan AU - Gao, Zhongyong AU - Zhong, Wenli AU - Feely, Richard A AU - Anderson, Leif G AU - Sun, Heng AU - Chen, Jianfang AU - Chen, Min AU - Zhan, Liyang AU - Zhang, Yuanhui AU - Cai, Wei-Jun DA - 02/27/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3228 PY - 2017 SP - 195-199 ST - Increase in acidifying water in the western Arctic Ocean T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Increase in acidifying water in the western Arctic Ocean VL - 7 ID - 22349 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Diagnosing the sensitivity of the tropical belt provides one framework for understanding how global precipitation patterns may change in a warming world. This paper seeks to understand boreal winter rates of subtropical dry zone expansion since 1979, and explores physical mechanisms. Various reanalysis estimates based on the latitude where zonal mean precipitation P exceeds evaporation E and the zero crossing latitude for the zonal mean meridional streamfunction yield tropical width expansion rates in each hemisphere ranging from near zero to over 1° latitude decade−1. Comparisons with 30-yr trends computed from unforced climate model simulations indicate that the range among reanalyses is nearly an order of magnitude greater than the standard deviation of internal climate variability. Furthermore, comparisons with forced climate models indicate that this range is an order of magnitude greater than the forced change signal since 1979. Rapid widening rates during 1979–2009 derived from some reanalyses are thus viewed to be unreliable.The intercomparison of models and reanalyses supports the prevailing view of a tropical widening, but the forced component of tropical widening has likely been only about 0.1°–0.2° latitude decade−1, considerably less than has generally been assumed based on inferences drawn from observations and reanalyses. Climate model diagnosis indicates that the principal mechanism for forced tropical widening since 1979 has been atmospheric sensitivity to warming oceans. The magnitude of this widening and its potential detectability has been greater in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere during boreal winter, in part owing to Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion. AU - Quan, Xiao-Wei AU - Hoerling, Martin P. AU - Perlwitz, Judith AU - Diaz, Henry F. AU - Xu, Taiyi DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00287.1 IS - 5 KW - Hadley circulation,Forcing,Moisture/moisture budget,Ozone,Climate models,Trends PY - 2014 SP - 1999-2013 ST - How fast are the tropics expanding? T2 - Journal of Climate TI - How fast are the tropics expanding? VL - 27 ID - 19640 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A numerical model, XBeach, calibrated and validated on field data collected at Roi-Namur Island on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of Marshall Islands, was used to examine the effects of different coral reef characteristics on potential coastal hazards caused by wave-driven flooding and how these effects may be altered by projected climate change. The results presented herein suggest that coasts fronted by relatively narrow reefs with steep fore reef slopes (~1:10 and steeper) and deeper, smoother reef flats are expected to experience the highest wave runup. Wave runup increases for higher water levels (sea level rise), higher waves, and lower bed roughness (coral degradation), which are all expected effects of climate change. Rising sea levels and climate change will therefore have a significant negative impact on the ability of coral reefs to mitigate the effects of coastal hazards in the future. AU - Quataert, Ellen AU - Storlazzi, Curt AU - van Rooijen, Arnold AU - Cheriton, Olivia AU - van Dongeren, Ap DA - 2015/08/16/ DO - 10.1002/2015GL064861 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 15 KW - Pacific Ocean winds and waves Sea level Ecosystems coastal inundation coral reefs Republic of the Marshall Islands wave runup 4220 Coral reef systems 1641 Sea level change 4534 Hydrodynamic modeling 9355 Pacific Ocean flooding modeling infragravity waves reef morphology coastal effects LA - en PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 6407–6415 ST - The influence of coral reefs and climate change on wave-driven flooding of tropical coastlines T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - The influence of coral reefs and climate change on wave-driven flooding of tropical coastlines VL - 42 Y2 - 2016/01/08/01:49:35 ID - 22501 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Quesada, James AU - Hart, Laurie Kain AU - Bourgois, Philippe DA - 2011/07/01 DO - 10.1080/01459740.2011.576725 IS - 4 PY - 2011 SN - 0145-9740 SP - 339-362 ST - Structural vulnerability and health: Latino migrant laborers in the United States T2 - Medical Anthropology TI - Structural vulnerability and health: Latino migrant laborers in the United States VL - 30 ID - 24629 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Quinn, Thomas P. C4 - 6f6ba49c-14e7-475a-b5fd-e2a9b57455c4 CY - Seattle, WA PB - University of Washington Press PY - 2005 SN - 0-295-98437-6 SP - 320 ST - The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout TI - The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout ID - 26525 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Quiñones, Maya AU - Parés-Ramos, Isabel K. AU - Gould, William A. AU - Gonzalez, Grizelle AU - McGinley, Kathleen AU - Ríos, Pedro CY - San Juan, PR PB - USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry PY - 2018 SN - Gen. Tech. Rep. IITF-GTR-47 SP - 63 ST - El Yunque National Forest Atlas TI - El Yunque National Forest Atlas UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/iitf/research/?cid=fseprd577058 ID - 26430 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rabalais, Nancy N. AU - Cai, Wei-Jun AU - Carstensen, Jacob AU - Conley, Daniel J. AU - Fry, Brian AU - Hu, Xinping AU - Quiñones-Rivera, Zoraida AU - Rosenberg, Rutger AU - Slomp, Caroline P. AU - Turner, R.Eugene AU - Voss, Maren AU - Wissel, Bjørn AU - Zhang, Jing DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2014.21 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SP - 172-183 ST - Eutrophication-driven deoxygenation in the coastal ocean T2 - Oceanography TI - Eutrophication-driven deoxygenation in the coastal ocean VL - 27 ID - 24894 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rabalais, N. N. AU - Díaz, R. J. AU - Levin, L. A. AU - Turner, R. E. AU - Gilbert, D. AU - Zhang, J. DO - 10.5194/bg-7-585-2010 IS - 2 PY - 2010 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 585-619 ST - Dynamics and distribution of natural and human-caused hypoxia T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Dynamics and distribution of natural and human-caused hypoxia VL - 7 ID - 20038 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We update and reevaluate the scientific information on the distribution, history, and causes of continental shelf hypoxia that supports the 2001 Action Plan for Reducing, Mitigating, and Controlling Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (Mississippi River/Gulf of Mexico Watershed Nutrient Task Force 2001), incorporating data, publications, and research results produced since the 1999 integrated assessment. The metric of mid-summer hypoxic area on the LouisianaTexas shelf is an adequate and suitable measure for continued efforts to reduce nutrients loads from the Mississippi River and hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico as outlined in the Action Plan. More frequent measurements of simple metrics (e.g., area and volume) from late spring through late summer would ensure that the metric is representative of the system in any given year and useful in a public discourse of conditions and causes. The long-term data on hypoxia, sources of nutrients, associated biological parameters, and paleoindicators continue to verify and strengthen the relationship between the nitratenitrogen load of the Mississippi River, the extent of hypoxia, and changes in the coastal ecosystem (eutrophication and worsening hypoxia). Multiple lines of evidence, some of them representing independent data sources, are consistent with the big picture pattern of increased eutrophication as a result of long-term nutrient increases that result in excess carbon production and accumulation and, ultimately, bottom water hypoxia. The additional findings arising since 1999 strengthen the science supporting the Action Plan that focuses on reducing nutrient loads, primarily nitrogen, through multiple actions to reduce the size of the hypoxic zone in the northern Gulf of Mexico. AU - Rabalais, N. N. AU - Turner, R. E. AU - Sen Gupta, B. K. AU - Boesch, D. F. AU - Chapman, P. AU - Murrell, M. C. DO - 10.1007/bf02841332 IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2007 SN - 1559-2731 SP - 753-772 ST - Hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Does the science support the plan to reduce, mitigate, and control hypoxia? T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - Hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Does the science support the plan to reduce, mitigate, and control hypoxia? VL - 30 ID - 20037 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rabasa, Sonia G. AU - Granda, Elena AU - Benavides, Raquel AU - Kunstler, Georges AU - Espelta, Josep M. AU - Ogaya, Romá AU - Peñuelas, Josep AU - Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael AU - Gil, Wojciech AU - Grodzki, Wojciech AU - Ambrozy, Slawomir AU - Bergh, Johan AU - Hódar, José A. AU - Zamora, Regino AU - Valladares, Fernando DO - 10.1111/gcb.12220 IS - 8 KW - altitudinal gradient climate change forest generalized additive models species distribution PY - 2013 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2490-2499 ST - Disparity in elevational shifts of European trees in response to recent climate warming T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Disparity in elevational shifts of European trees in response to recent climate warming VL - 19 ID - 21956 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An integrated global model of climate, tropospheric gas phase chemistry, and aerosols has been used to investigate the sensitivity of global ozone and fine particulate matter concentrations to climate change. Two simulations corresponding to present (1990s) and future (2050s) climates have been performed and compared. A future climate has been imposed using ocean boundary conditions corresponding to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change SRES A2 scenario for the 2050s decade, resulting in an increase in the global annual average values of the surface air temperature by 1.7°C, the lower tropospheric specific humidity by 0.9 g H2O/kg air, and the precipitation by 0.15 mm d−1. Present‐day anthropogenic emissions have been used in both simulations while climate‐sensitive natural emissions were allowed to vary with the simulated climate. The tropospheric ozone burden in the future climate run decreased by 5%, and its lifetime decreased from 27.8 to 25.3 days. The tropospheric ozone change is driven primarily by increased ozone loss rates through ozone photolysis in the presence of water vapor, which on a global scale, more than compensate for the increased ozone chemical production associated with increased temperatures. At the model surface layer, over remote regions, ozone mixing ratios decreased by 1–3 ppbv, while polluted regions showed a relatively smaller decrease of 0–1 ppbv and increased by 1–5 ppbv in some cases. The global burdens and lifetimes of fine particulate matter species in the future climate run decreased by 2 to 18% because of increased wet deposition loss rates associated with increased precipitation. At the model surface layer, there are regions of decreases and increases in the concentrations of fine particulate matter species. The increased surface layer concentrations of some fine particulate matter species is primarily driven by lower regional‐scale precipitation and increased secondary production, where applicable. The robustness of the predicted regional‐scale changes for fine particulate matter species is strongly dependent upon the predicted regional‐scale precipitation changes. AU - Racherla, Pavan Nandan AU - Adams, Peter J. DO - 10.1029/2005JD006939 IS - D24 PY - 2006 SP - D24103 ST - Sensitivity of global tropospheric ozone and fine particulate matter concentrations to climate change T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres TI - Sensitivity of global tropospheric ozone and fine particulate matter concentrations to climate change VL - 111 ID - 25141 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Radbideau, Shannon L. AU - Passe, Ulrike AU - Takle, Eugene S. PY - 2012 SP - 384-391 ST - Exploring alternatives to the "typical meteorological year" for incorporating climate change into building design T2 - ASHRAE Transactions TI - Exploring alternatives to the "typical meteorological year" for incorporating climate change into building design UR - https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1000&context=arch_pubs VL - 118 ID - 25652 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Radeloff, V.C. AU - Hammer, R.B. AU - Stewart, S.I. AU - Fried, J.S. AU - Holcomb, S.S. AU - McKeefry, J.F. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1890/04-1413 IS - 3 PY - 2005 SN - 1051-0761 SP - 799-805 ST - The wildland-urban interface in the United States T2 - Ecological Applications TI - The wildland-urban interface in the United States VL - 15 ID - 15092 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Radić, Valentina AU - Cannon, Alex J. AU - Menounos, Brian AU - Gi, Nayeob DO - 10.1002/2015JD023279 IS - 18 KW - atmospheric rivers global climate models model evaluation extreme precipitation events model projections 3305 Climate change and variability 3337 Global climate models 3354 Precipitation 3364 Synoptic-scale meteorology PY - 2015 SN - 2169-8996 SP - 9279-9302 ST - Future changes in autumn atmospheric river events in British Columbia, Canada, as projected by CMIP5 global climate models T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - Future changes in autumn atmospheric river events in British Columbia, Canada, as projected by CMIP5 global climate models VL - 120 ID - 19754 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The contribution to sea-level rise from mountain glaciers and ice caps has grown over the past decades. They are expected to remain an important component of eustatic sea-level rise for at least another century1, 2, despite indications of accelerated wastage of the ice sheets3, 4, 5. However, it is difficult to project the future contribution of these small-scale glaciers to sea-level rise on a global scale. Here, we project their volume changes due to melt in response to transient, spatially differentiated twenty-first century projections of temperature and precipitation from ten global climate models. We conduct the simulations directly on the more than 120,000 glaciers now available in the World Glacier Inventory6, and upscale the changes to 19 regions that contain all mountain glaciers and ice caps in the world (excluding the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets). According to our multi-model mean, sea-level rise from glacier wastage by 2100 will amount to 0.124±0.037 m, with the largest contribution from glaciers in Arctic Canada, Alaska and Antarctica. Total glacier volume will be reduced by 21±6%, but some regions are projected to lose up to 75% of their present ice volume. Ice losses on such a scale may have substantial impacts on regional hydrology and water availability AU - Radić, V. AU - Hock, R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/ngeo1052 IS - 2 KW - Cryospheric science; Climate science PY - 2011 SN - 1752-0894, 1752-0908 SP - 91-94 ST - Regionally differentiated contribution of mountain glaciers and ice caps to future sea-level rise T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Regionally differentiated contribution of mountain glaciers and ice caps to future sea-level rise VL - 4 ID - 15094 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Radtke Russell, Pam C4 - 75984aed-3a57-4d86-83a1-6e38318bd179 PY - 2017 ST - Special report: How engineers are preparing for sea-level rise T2 - Engineering News-Record TI - Special report: How engineers are preparing for sea-level rise UR - https://www.enr.com/articles/42487-special-report-how-engineers-are-preparing-for-sea-level-rise ID - 24173 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Raffa, Kenneth F. AU - Aukema, Brian AU - Bentz, Barbara J. AU - Carroll, Allan AU - Erbilgin, Nadir AU - Herms, Daniel A. AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. AU - Hofstetter, Richard W. AU - Katovich, Steven AU - Lindgren, B. Staffan AU - Logan, Jesse AU - Mattson, William AU - Munson, A. Steven AU - Robison, Daniel J. AU - Six, Diana L. AU - Tobin, Patrick C. AU - Townsend, Philip A. AU - Wallin, Kimberly F. IS - 5 PY - 2009 SN - 0022-1201 SP - 276-277 ST - A literal use of “forest health” safeguards against misuse and misapplication T2 - Journal of Forestry TI - A literal use of “forest health” safeguards against misuse and misapplication UR - https://academic.oup.com/jof/article-abstract/107/5/276/4599375 VL - 107 ID - 25173 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Raffa, K.F. AU - Aukema, B.H. AU - Bentz, B.J. AU - Carroll, A.L. AU - Hicke, J.A. AU - Turner, M.G. AU - Romme, W.H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1641/b580607 IS - 6 PY - 2008 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 501-517 ST - Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: The dynamics of bark beetle eruptions T2 - BioScience TI - Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: The dynamics of bark beetle eruptions VL - 58 ID - 15098 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Raftery, Adrian E. AU - Zimmer, Alec AU - Frierson, Dargan M. W. AU - Startz, Richard AU - Liu, Peiran DA - 07/31/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3352 PY - 2017 SP - 637-641 ST - Less than 2 °C warming by 2100 unlikely T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Less than 2 °C warming by 2100 unlikely VL - 7 ID - 25420 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During the last century, we have observed a warming climate with more intense precipitation extremes in some regions, likely due to increases in the atmosphere's water holding capacity. Traditionally, infrastructure design and rainfall‐triggered landslide models rely on the notion of stationarity, which assumes that the statistics of extremes do not change significantly over time. However, in a warming climate, infrastructures and natural slopes will likely face more severe climatic conditions, with potential human and socioeconomical consequences. Here we outline a framework for quantifying climate change impacts based on the magnitude and frequency of extreme rainfall events using bias corrected historical and multimodel projected precipitation extremes. The approach evaluates changes in rainfall Intensity‐Duration‐Frequency (IDF) curves and their uncertainty bounds using a nonstationary model based on Bayesian inference. We show that highly populated areas across the United States may experience extreme precipitation events up to 20% more intense and twice as frequent, relative to historical records, despite the expectation of unchanged annual mean precipitation. Since IDF curves are widely used for infrastructure design and risk assessment, the proposed framework offers an avenue for assessing resilience of infrastructure and landslide hazard in a warming climate. AU - Ragno, Elisa AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Love, Charlotte A. AU - Cheng, Linyin AU - Vahedifard, Farshid AU - Lima, Carlos H. R. DO - 10.1002/2017WR021975 IS - 3 PY - 2018 SP - 1751-1764 ST - Quantifying changes in future intensity‐duration‐frequency curves using multimodel ensemble simulations T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Quantifying changes in future intensity‐duration‐frequency curves using multimodel ensemble simulations VL - 54 ID - 25381 ER - TY - RPRT A4 - Arizona, University of AU - Rahman, Tauhidur AU - Buizer, James AU - Guido, Zackry CY - Washington, DC PB - United States Agency for International Development (USAID) PY - 2016 SP - 59 ST - The Economic Impact of Seasonal Drought Forecast Information Service in Jamaica, 2014-15 TI - The Economic Impact of Seasonal Drought Forecast Information Service in Jamaica, 2014-15 UR - http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAF107.pdf ID - 22119 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Possible changes in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) provide a key source of uncertainty regarding future climate change. Maps of temperature trends over the twentieth century show a conspicuous region of cooling in the northern Atlantic. Here we present multiple lines of evidence suggesting that this cooling may be due to a reduction in the AMOC over the twentieth century and particularly after 1970. Since 1990 the AMOC seems to have partly recovered. This time evolution is consistently suggested by an AMOC index based on sea surface temperatures, by the hemispheric temperature difference, by coral-based proxies and by oceanic measurements. We discuss a possible contribution of the melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet to the slowdown. Using a multi-proxy temperature reconstruction for the AMOC index suggests that the AMOC weakness after 1975 is an unprecedented event in the past millennium (p > 0.99). Further melting of Greenland in the coming decades could contribute to further weakening of the AMOC. AU - Rahmstorf, Stefan AU - Box, Jason E. AU - Feulner, Georg AU - Mann, Michael E. AU - Robinson, Alexander AU - Rutherford, Scott AU - Schaffernicht, Erik J. DA - 05//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2554 IS - 5 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SN - 1758-678X SP - 475-480 ST - Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation VL - 5 ID - 19447 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rai, Amelia AU - Robinson, Julie A. AU - Tate-Brown, Judy AU - Buckley, Nicole AU - Zell, Martin AU - Tasaki, Kazuyuki AU - Karabadzhak, Georgy AU - Sorokin, Igor V. AU - Pignataro, Salvatore DA - 2016/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.06.030 PY - 2016 SN - 0094-5765 SP - 463-474 ST - Expanded benefits for humanity from the International Space Station T2 - Acta Astronautica TI - Expanded benefits for humanity from the International Space Station VL - 126 ID - 22057 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rajagopalan, K. AU - Chinayakanahalli, K. AU - Stockle, C.O. AU - Nelson, R.L. AU - Kruger, C.E. AU - Brady, M.P. AU - Malek, K. AU - Dinesh, S.T. AU - Barber, M.E. AU - Hamlet, A.F. AU - Yorgey, G.G. AU - Adam, J.C. DO - 10.1002/2017WR020954 IS - 3 PY - 2018 SP - 2152-2182 ST - Impacts of near-term regional climate change on irrigation demands and crop yields in the Columbia River Basin T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Impacts of near-term regional climate change on irrigation demands and crop yields in the Columbia River Basin VL - 54 ID - 22056 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rajkovich, Nicholas B. DO - 10.3998/mjs.12333712.0004.007 PY - 2016 SP - 81-101 ST - A system of professions approach to reducing heat exposure in Cuyahoga County, Ohio T2 - Michigan Journal of Sustainability TI - A system of professions approach to reducing heat exposure in Cuyahoga County, Ohio VL - 4 ID - 21293 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Raleigh, Clionadh AU - Choi, Hyun Jin AU - Kniveton, Dominic DA - 2015/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.03.005 KW - Conflict Food price Rainfall Climate change Africa Simultaneous equations model PY - 2015 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 187-199 ST - The devil is in the details: An investigation of the relationships between conflict, food price and climate across Africa T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - The devil is in the details: An investigation of the relationships between conflict, food price and climate across Africa VL - 32 ID - 22055 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ralph, F. Martin AU - Neiman, Paul J. AU - Wick, Gary A. AU - Gutman, Seth I. AU - Dettinger, Michael D. AU - Cayan, Daniel R. AU - White, Allen B. DO - 10.1029/2006GL026689 IS - 13 KW - 1817 Extreme events 1821 Floods 1840 Hydrometeorology 1854 Precipitation PY - 2006 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L13801 ST - Flooding on California's Russian River: Role of atmospheric rivers T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Flooding on California's Russian River: Role of atmospheric rivers VL - 33 ID - 19756 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ralston, Joel AU - DeLuca, William V. AU - Feldman, Richard E. AU - King, David I. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13478 IS - 4 KW - birds Breeding Bird Survey change-point analysis climate niche Grinellian niche PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1390-1399 ST - Population trends influence species ability to track climate change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Population trends influence species ability to track climate change VL - 23 ID - 21955 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ralston, Joel AU - King, David I. AU - DeLuca, William V. AU - Niemi, Gerald J. AU - Glennon, Michale J. AU - Scarl, Judith C. AU - Lambert, J. Daniel DA - 2015/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.04.029 KW - Spruce-fir Boreal birds Trends Point counts Ecological monitoring PY - 2015 SN - 0006-3207 SP - 270-278 ST - Analysis of combined data sets yields trend estimates for vulnerable spruce-fir birds in northern United States T2 - Biological Conservation TI - Analysis of combined data sets yields trend estimates for vulnerable spruce-fir birds in northern United States VL - 187 ID - 26229 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ramajo, Laura AU - Pérez-León, Elia AU - Hendriks, Iris E. AU - Marbà, Núria AU - Krause-Jensen, Dorte AU - Sejr, Mikael K. AU - Blicher, Martin E. AU - Lagos, Nelson A. AU - Olsen, Ylva S. AU - Duarte, Carlos M. DA - 01/18 06/10/received 12/07/accepted DB - PMC DO - 10.1038/srep19374 PY - 2016 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 19374 ST - Food supply confers calcifiers resistance to ocean acidification T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Food supply confers calcifiers resistance to ocean acidification VL - 6 ID - 22282 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ramamurthy, Prathap AU - Sangobanwo, Michael DA - 2016/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scs.2016.05.012 KW - Urban heat island Heatwaves Urban climate Cities Climate change PY - 2016 SN - 2210-6707 SP - 65-75 ST - Inter-annual variability in urban heat island intensity over 10 major cities in the United States T2 - Sustainable Cities and Society TI - Inter-annual variability in urban heat island intensity over 10 major cities in the United States VL - 26 ID - 21718 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ramankutty, Navin AU - Foley, Jonathan A. DO - 10.1029/1999GB900046 IS - 4 KW - 1615 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 1640 Remote sensing PY - 1999 SN - 1944-9224 SP - 997-1027 ST - Estimating historical changes in global land cover: Croplands from 1700 to 1992 T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Estimating historical changes in global land cover: Croplands from 1700 to 1992 VL - 13 ID - 21620 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Policy directives in several nations are focusing on the development of smart cities, linking innovations in the data sciences with the goal of advancing human well-being and sustainability on a highly urbanized planet. To achieve this goal, smart initiatives must move beyond city-level data to a higher-order understanding of cities as transboundary, multisectoral, multiscalar, social-ecological-infrastructural systems with diverse actors, priorities, and solutions. We identify five key dimensions of cities and present eight principles to focus attention on the systems-level decisions that society faces to transition toward a smart, sustainable, and healthy urban future. AU - Ramaswami, Anu AU - Russell, Armistead G. AU - Culligan, Patricia J. AU - Sharma, Karnamadakala Rahul AU - Kumar, Emani DO - 10.1126/science.aaf7160 IS - 6288 PY - 2016 SP - 940-943 ST - Meta-principles for developing smart, sustainable, and healthy cities T2 - Science TI - Meta-principles for developing smart, sustainable, and healthy cities VL - 352 ID - 21408 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Ramsay, Doug AU - Webb, Arthur AU - Abraham, Simpson AU - Jackson, Robert AU - Charley, Blair CY - Hamilton, NZ DA - 2000 PB - National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA) PY - 2000 SP - 8-9 ST - Kosrae Shoreline Management Plan: Repositioning for Resilience, Executive Summary TI - Kosrae Shoreline Management Plan: Repositioning for Resilience, Executive Summary UR - http://kosraecoast.com/what-kosrae-can-do/ Y2 - 2017/09/25/ ID - 22502 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forests and trees throughout the world are increasingly affected by factors related to global change. Expanding international trade has facilitated invasions of numerous insects and pathogens into new regions. Many of these invasions have caused substantial forest damage, economic impacts and losses of ecosystem goods and services provided by trees. Climate change is already affecting the geographic distribution of host trees and their associated insects and pathogens, with anticipated increases in pest impacts by both native and invasive pests. Although climate change will benefit many forest insects, changes in thermal conditions may disrupt evolved life history traits and cause phenological mismatches. Individually, the threats posed to forest ecosystems by invasive pests and climate change are serious. Although interactions between these two drivers and their outcomes are poorly understood and hence difficult to predict, it is clear that the cumulative impacts on forest ecosystems will be exacerbated. Here we introduce and synthesize the information in this special issue of Forestry with articles that illustrate the impacts of invasions of insects and pathogens, climate change, forest management and their interactions, as well as methods to predict, assess and mitigate these impacts. Most of these contributions were presented at the XXIV IUFRO World Congress in 2014. AU - Ramsfield, T. D. AU - Bentz, B. J. AU - Faccoli, M. AU - Jactel, H. AU - Brockerhoff, E. G. DO - 10.1093/forestry/cpw018 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 0015-752X SP - 245-252 ST - Forest health in a changing world: Effects of globalization and climate change on forest insect and pathogen impacts T2 - Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research TI - Forest health in a changing world: Effects of globalization and climate change on forest insect and pathogen impacts VL - 89 ID - 21177 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ranco, Darren J. AU - O'Neill, Catherine A. AU - Donatuto, Jamie AU - Harper, Barbara L. DA - 2011/12/01 DO - 10.1089/env.2010.0036 IS - 4 PY - 2011 SN - 1939-4071 SP - 221-230 ST - Environmental justice, American Indians and the cultural dilemma: Developing environmental management for tribal health and well-being T2 - Environmental Justice TI - Environmental justice, American Indians and the cultural dilemma: Developing environmental management for tribal health and well-being VL - 4 Y2 - 2018/01/23 ID - 24628 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Randall, C. J. AU - van Woesik, R. DA - 02/16/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2530 PY - 2015 SP - 375-379 ST - Contemporary white-band disease in Caribbean corals driven by climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Contemporary white-band disease in Caribbean corals driven by climate change VL - 5 ID - 24895 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rangwala, Imtiaz AU - Dewes, Candida AU - Barsugli, Joseph DO - 10.1029/2016EO048615 PY - 2016 ST - High-resolution climate modeling for regional adaptation T2 - Eos TI - High-resolution climate modeling for regional adaptation VL - 97 ID - 25687 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Ranson, Matthew AU - Tarquinio, Tina AU - Lew, Audrey CY - Washington, DC KW - added by ERG PB - National Center for Environmental Economics (NCEE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 2016 ST - Modeling the Impact of Climate Change on Extreme Weather Losses T2 - NCEE Working Paper Series TI - Modeling the Impact of Climate Change on Extreme Weather Losses ID - 23064 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Rao, Krishna M1 - June 2 PB - Zillow PY - 2017 ST - Climate change and housing: Will a rising tide sink all homes? T2 - Zillow Research TI - Climate change and housing: Will a rising tide sink all homes? UR - https://www.zillow.com/research/climate-change-underwater-homes-12890/ ID - 25463 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The global demand for water and energy is projected to grow, but there likely will be significant constraints in our ability to keep meeting it. These constraints will be imposed partly by the interdependence between water, energy, and climate change. If left unchecked, these connections can exacerbate water and energy shortages and aggravate climate change impacts: Energy is used to supply and treat water; moreover, emissions from energy generation contribute to climate change, which affects water supplies and increases the demand for energy to sustain Earth’s growing population and economy. The linkage between water and energy can offer opportunities for better meeting expected demand while minimizing damage from shortages of either. This article focuses on the technological and engineering aspects of various connections in the water-energy nexus where advancements can enable greater supply of one or both. It also outlines the benefits and challenges associated with each connection. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources Volume 42 is October 17, 2017. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates. AU - Rao, Prakash AU - Kostecki, Robert AU - Dale, Larry AU - Gadgil, Ashok DO - 10.1146/annurev-environ-102016-060959 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SP - 407-437 ST - Technology and engineering of the water-energy nexus T2 - Annual Review of Environment and Resources TI - Technology and engineering of the water-energy nexus VL - 42 ID - 21407 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We present a model comparison study that combines multiple integrated assessment models with a reduced-form global air quality model to assess the potential co-benefits of global climate mitigation policies in relation to the World Health Organization (WHO) goals on air quality and health. We include in our assessment, a range of alternative assumptions on the implementation of current and planned pollution control policies. The resulting air pollution emission ranges significantly extend those in the Representative Concentration Pathways. Climate mitigation policies complement current efforts on air pollution control through technology and fuel transformations in the energy system. A combination of stringent policies on air pollution control and climate change mitigation results in 40% of the global population exposed to PM levels below the WHO air quality guideline; with the largest improvements estimated for India, China, and Middle East. Our results stress the importance of integrated multisector policy approaches to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. AU - Rao, Shilpa AU - Klimont, Zbigniew AU - Leitao, Joana AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - van Dingenen, Rita AU - Reis, Lara Aleluia AU - Calvin, Katherine AU - Dentener, Frank AU - Drouet, Laurent AU - Fujimori, Shinichiro AU - Harmsen, Mathijs AU - Luderer, Gunnar AU - Heyes, Chris AU - Strefler, Jessica AU - Tavoni, Massimo AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124013 IS - 12 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 124013 ST - A multi-model assessment of the co-benefits of climate mitigation for global air quality T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - A multi-model assessment of the co-benefits of climate mitigation for global air quality VL - 11 ID - 20843 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rapacciuolo, Giovanni AU - Maher, Sean P. AU - Schneider, Adam C. AU - Hammond, Talisin T. AU - Jabis, Meredith D. AU - Walsh, Rachel E. AU - Iknayan, Kelly J. AU - Walden, Genevieve K. AU - Oldfather, Meagan F. AU - Ackerly, David D. AU - Beissinger, Steven R. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12638 IS - 9 KW - biogeographic responses California climate change climatic water balance elevation fingerprint range shifts temperature PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2841-2855 ST - Beyond a warming fingerprint: Individualistic biogeographic responses to heterogeneous climate change in California T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Beyond a warming fingerprint: Individualistic biogeographic responses to heterogeneous climate change in California VL - 20 ID - 23441 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Raposa, Kenneth B. AU - Wasson, Kerstin AU - Smith, Erik AU - Crooks, Jeffrey A. AU - Delgado, Patricia AU - Fernald, Sarah H. AU - Ferner, Matthew C. AU - Helms, Alicia AU - Hice, Lyndie A. AU - Mora, Jordan W. AU - Puckett, Brandon AU - Sanger, Denise AU - Shull, Suzanne AU - Spurrier, Lindsay AU - Stevens, Rachel AU - Lerberg, Scott DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.015 IS - Part B KW - Assessment Index Marsh National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) Resilience Sea-level rise PY - 2016 SN - 0006-3207 SP - 263-275 ST - Assessing tidal marsh resilience to sea-level rise at broad geographic scales with multi-metric indices T2 - Biological Conservation TI - Assessing tidal marsh resilience to sea-level rise at broad geographic scales with multi-metric indices VL - 204 ID - 24004 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sea level rise is a major stressor on many salt marshes, and its impacts include creek widening, ponding, vegetation dieback, and drowning. Marsh vegetation changes have been associated with sea level rise across southern New England, but most of these studies pre-date the current period of rapidly accelerating sea level rise coupled with episodic events of extreme increases in water levels. Here, we combine data from two salt marsh monitoring and assessment programs in Rhode Island that were designed to assess marsh responses to sea level rise and use these data to document temporal and spatial patterns in marsh vegetation during the current period of extreme water level increases. Vegetation monitoring at two Narragansett Bay salt marshes confirms the ongoing decline of the salt meadow species Spartina patens during this period as it becomes replaced by Spartina alterniflora. Bare ground resulting from vegetation dieback was significantly related to mean high water levels and led to the rapid conversion of mixed Spartina assemblages to S. alterniflora monocultures. A broader spatial assessment of RI marshes shows that S. alterniflora dominance increases at lower elevation marshes toward the mouth of Narraganset Bay. Our data provide additional evidence that S. patens continues to decline in southern New England marshes and show that losses can accelerate during periods of extreme high water levels. Unless adaptive management actions are taken, we predict that marshes throughout RI will continue to lose salt meadow habitat and eventually resemble lower elevation marshes that are already dominated by S. alterniflora monocultures. AU - Raposa, Kenneth B. AU - Weber, Robin L. J. AU - Ekberg, Marci Cole AU - Ferguson, Wenley DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s12237-015-0018-4 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1559-2731 SP - 640-650 ST - Vegetation dynamics in Rhode Island salt marshes during a period of accelerating sea level rise and extreme sea level events T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - Vegetation dynamics in Rhode Island salt marshes during a period of accelerating sea level rise and extreme sea level events VL - 40 ID - 26283 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Rapp, Joshua AU - Ahmed, Selena AU - Lutz, David AU - Huish, Ryan AU - Dufour, Boris AU - Morelli, Toni Lyn AU - Stinson, Kristina CY - Amherst, MA PB - Northeast Climate Science Center PY - 2017 T2 - Northeast Climate Science Center's Regional Science Meeting: Incorporating Climate Science in the Management of Natural and Cultural Resources in the Midwest and Northeast TI - Maple syrup in a changing climate UR - http://necsc.umass.edu/ne-csc-regional-science-meeting-2017 ID - 21912 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Rapp, Joshua AU - Duveneck, Matthew AU - Thompson, Jonathan CY - Petersham, MA PB - Harvard Forest PY - 2016 T2 - Harvard Forest Symposium 2016 TI - (Re)expansion of the maple syrup industry in New England: Projecting where the taps will be in a changing environment UR - http://harvardforest2.fas.harvard.edu/asp/hf/php/symposium/symposium_abstract_view.php?id=3752 ID - 21911 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wetland productivity in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America is closely linked to climate. A warmer and drier climate, as predicted, will negatively affect the productivity of PPR wetlands and the services they provide. The effect of climate change on wetland productivity, however, will not only depend on natural processes (e.g., evapotranspiration), but also on human responses. Agricultural land use, the predominant use in the PPR, is unlikely to remain static as climate change affects crop yields and prices. Land use in uplands surrounding wetlands will further affect wetland water budgets and hence wetland productivity. The net impact of climate change on wetland productivity will therefore depend on both the direct effects of climate change on wetlands and the indirect effects on upland land use. We examine the effect of climate change and land-use response on semipermanent wetland productivity by combining an economic model of agricultural land-use change with an ecological model of wetland dynamics. Our results suggest that the climate change scenarios evaluated are likely to have profound effects on land use in the North and South Dakota PPR, with wheat displacing other crops and pasture. The combined pressure of land-use and climate change significantly reduces wetland productivity. In a climate scenario with a +4 °C increase in temperature, our model predicts that almost the entire region may lack the wetland productivity necessary to support wetland-dependent species. AU - Rashford, Benjamin S. AU - Adams, Richard M. AU - Wu, JunJie AU - Voldseth, Richard A. AU - Guntenspergen, Glenn R. AU - Werner, Brett AU - Johnson, W. Carter DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s10113-015-0768-3 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1436-378X SP - 515-526 ST - Impacts of climate change on land-use and wetland productivity in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - Impacts of climate change on land-use and wetland productivity in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America VL - 16 ID - 21618 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Urban areas account for the majority of global greenhouse gas emissions, and increasingly, it is city governments that are adopting and implementing climate mitigation policies. Many municipal governments have joined two different global city networks that aim to promote climate policy development at the urban scale, and there is qualitative evidence that such networks play an important role in motivating cities to adopt climate policies and helping them to implement them. Our study objective is to test this proposition quantitatively, making use of a global database on cities’ environmental policy adoption, and also taking into account a large number of other factors that could play a role in climate policy adoption. Controlling for these other factors, we find that network membership does make a significant difference in the number of different measures that city governments adopt. We also find that there are significant differences between the two different networks, suggesting that the nature of the services that such networks offer their members can play an important role. Our findings lead to the provision of a set of global mitigation strategies: First of all, joining the city networks can lead to a generation of global strategies which can result into climate mitigation benefits. However, cities are required to select the network which provides proper tailor made policies. Second, in the absence of concrete international commitments at the local level, city networks lay the ground for global governance and enable cities to adopt policies independently and proactively. Third, consideration of co-benefits of climate policies can optimize the development of global strategies. AU - Rashidi, Kaveh AU - Patt, Anthony DA - April 01 DO - 10.1007/s11027-017-9747-y IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1596 SP - 507-523 ST - Subsistence over symbolism: The role of transnational municipal networks on cities’ climate policy innovation and adoption T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - Subsistence over symbolism: The role of transnational municipal networks on cities’ climate policy innovation and adoption VL - 23 ID - 25624 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rasmann, Sergio AU - Pellissier, Loïc AU - Defossez, Emmanuel AU - Jactel, Hervé AU - Kunstler, Georges DO - 10.1111/1365-2435.12135 IS - 1 KW - community ecology ecological gradients flavonoids herbivory leaf toughness plant defences predators PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2435 SP - 46-54 ST - Climate-driven change in plant–insect interactions along elevation gradients T2 - Functional Ecology TI - Climate-driven change in plant–insect interactions along elevation gradients VL - 28 ID - 23442 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rasmussen, D. J. AU - Hu, Jianlin AU - Mahmud, Abdullah AU - Kleeman, Michael J. DA - 2013/12/17 DO - 10.1021/es403446m IS - 24 PY - 2013 SN - 0013-936X SP - 14258-14266 ST - The ozone–climate penalty: Past, present, and future T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - The ozone–climate penalty: Past, present, and future VL - 47 ID - 24245 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While there has been considerable focus on understanding barriers to climate information use associated with the character of climate knowledge, individuals’ negative perception of its usability and constraints of decision-contexts, less attention has been paid to understanding how different scales of decision-making influence information use. In this study, we explore how water and resource managers’ scales of decision-making and scope of decision responsibilities influence climate information use in two Great Lakes watersheds. We find that despite availability of tailored climate information, actual use of information remains low. Reasons include (a) lack of willingness to place climate on agendas because local managers perceive climate change as politically risky, (b) lack of formal mandate or authority at the city and county scale to translate climate information into on-the-ground action, (c) problems with the information itself, and (d) perceived lack of demand for climate information by those managers who have the mandate and authority to use (or help others use) climate information. Our findings suggest that (1) scientists and information brokers should produce information that meets a range of decision needs and reserve intensive tailoring efforts for decision makers who have willingness and authority to use climate information; (2) without support from higher levels of decision-making (e.g., state), it is unlikely that climate information use will accelerate significantly; and (3) the trend towards characterizing climate specific actions within a broader concept of sustainability practices, or “adaptation by stealth,” should be supported as a component of the climate adaptation repertoire. AU - Rasmussen, Laura Vang AU - Kirchhoff, Christine J. AU - Lemos, Maria Carmen DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1857-0 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 451-465 ST - Adaptation by stealth: Climate information use in the Great Lakes region across scales T2 - Climatic Change TI - Adaptation by stealth: Climate information use in the Great Lakes region across scales VL - 140 ID - 21118 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A high-resolution climate model (4-km horizontal grid spacing) is used to examine the following question: How will long-term changes in climate impact the partitioning of annual precipitation between evapotranspiration and runoff in the Colorado Headwaters?This question is examined using a climate sensitivity approach in which eight years of current climate is compared to a future climate created by modifying the current climate signal with perturbation from the NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3), model forced by the A1B scenario for greenhouse gases out to 2050. The current climate period is shown to agree well with Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) surface observations of precipitation (P) and snowpack, as well as streamflow and AmeriFlux evapotranspiration (ET) observations. The results show that the annual evaporative fraction (ET/P) for the Colorado Headwaters is 0.81 for the current climate and 0.83 for the future climate, indicating increasing aridity in the future despite a positive increase of precipitation. Runoff decreased by an average of 6%, reflecting the increased aridity.Precipitation increased in the future winter by 12%, but decreased in the summer as a result of increased low-level inhibition to convection. The fraction of precipitation that fell as snow decreased from 0.83 in the current climate to 0.74 in the future. Future snowpack did not change significantly until January. From January to March the snowpack increased above ~3000 m MSL and decreased below that level. Snowpack decreased at all elevations in the future from April to July. The peak snowpack and runoff over the headwaters occurred 2–3 weeks earlier in the future simulation, in agreement with previous studies. AU - Rasmussen, Roy AU - Ikeda, Kyoko AU - Liu, Changhai AU - Gochis, David AU - Clark, Martyn AU - Dai, Aiguo AU - Gutmann, Ethan AU - Dudhia, Jimy AU - Chen, Fei AU - Barlage, Mike AU - Yates, David AU - Zhang, Guo DO - 10.1175/jhm-d-13-0118.1 IS - 3 KW - Climate change,Hydrology,Hydrometeorology,Water budget,Model evaluation/performance,Regional models PY - 2014 SP - 1091-1116 ST - Climate change impacts on the water balance of the Colorado Headwaters: High-resolution regional climate model simulations T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - Climate change impacts on the water balance of the Colorado Headwaters: High-resolution regional climate model simulations VL - 15 ID - 26379 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Ratcliffe, Susan AU - Baur, Matthew AU - Beckie, Hugh AU - Giesler, Loren AU - Leppla, Norman AU - Schroeder, Jill CY - Ames, IA NV - CAST Issue Paper 58 PB - Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) PY - 2017 SP - 20 ST - Crop Protection Contributions Toward Agricultural Productivity. A Paper in the Series on The Need for Agricultural Innovation to Sustainably Feed the World by 2050 TI - Crop Protection Contributions Toward Agricultural Productivity. A Paper in the Series on The Need for Agricultural Innovation to Sustainably Feed the World by 2050 UR - http://www.cast-science.org/publications/?crop_protection_contributions_toward_agricultural_productivity&show=product&productID=284599 ID - 23603 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rauken, Trude AU - Mydske, Per Kristen AU - Winsvold, Marte DA - 2015/04/03 DO - 10.1080/13549839.2014.880412 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SN - 1354-9839 SP - 408-423 ST - Mainstreaming climate change adaptation at the local level T2 - Local Environment TI - Mainstreaming climate change adaptation at the local level VL - 20 ID - 26473 ER - TY - JOUR AB - CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning and industrial processes have been accelerating at a global scale, with their growth rate increasing from 1.1% y−1 for 1990–1999 to >3% y−1 for 2000–2004. The emissions growth rate since 2000 was greater than for the most fossil-fuel intensive of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emissions scenarios developed in the late 1990s. Global emissions growth since 2000 was driven by a cessation or reversal of earlier declining trends in the energy intensity of gross domestic product (GDP) (energy/GDP) and the carbon intensity of energy (emissions/energy), coupled with continuing increases in population and per-capita GDP. Nearly constant or slightly increasing trends in the carbon intensity of energy have been recently observed in both developed and developing regions. No region is decarbonizing its energy supply. The growth rate in emissions is strongest in rapidly developing economies, particularly China. Together, the developing and least-developed economies (forming 80% of the world's population) accounted for 73% of global emissions growth in 2004 but only 41% of global emissions and only 23% of global cumulative emissions since the mid-18th century. The results have implications for global equity. AU - Raupach, Michael R. AU - Marland, Gregg AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Le Quéré, Corinne AU - Canadell, Josep G. AU - Klepper, Gernot AU - Field, Christopher B. DA - June 12, 2007 DO - 10.1073/pnas.0700609104 IS - 24 PY - 2007 SP - 10288-10293 ST - Global and regional drivers of accelerating CO2 emissions T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Global and regional drivers of accelerating CO2 emissions VL - 104 ID - 20240 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ravotti, Nicholas M. IS - 2 PY - 2017 SP - 279-318 ST - Access to energy in Indian Country: The difficulties of self-determination in renewable energy development T2 - American Indian Law Review TI - Access to energy in Indian Country: The difficulties of self-determination in renewable energy development UR - https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/ailr/vol41/iss2/2 VL - 41 ID - 25360 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rawlings, Ashley IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - Art. 8 ST - Erosion-induced community displacement in Newtok, Alaska and the need to modify FEMA and NEPA to establish a relocation framework for a warming world T2 - Seattle Journal of Environmental Law TI - Erosion-induced community displacement in Newtok, Alaska and the need to modify FEMA and NEPA to establish a relocation framework for a warming world UR - https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjel/vol5/iss1/8/ VL - 5 ID - 24971 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ray, Aaron D. AU - Grannis, Jessica DO - 10.3998/mjs.12333712.0003.001 PY - 2015 SP - 5-28 ST - From planning to action: Implementation of state climate change adaptation plans T2 - Michigan Journal of Sustainability TI - From planning to action: Implementation of state climate change adaptation plans VL - 3 ID - 24175 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ray, Deepak K. AU - Gerber, James S. AU - MacDonald, Graham K. AU - West, Paul C. DA - 01/22/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms6989 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SP - 5989 ST - Climate variation explains a third of global crop yield variability T2 - Nature Communications TI - Climate variation explains a third of global crop yield variability VL - 6 ID - 23571 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ray, Deepak K. AU - Welch, Ronald M. AU - Lawton, Robert O. AU - Nair, Udaysankar S. DA - 2006/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.09.004 IS - 1 KW - Mesoamerican Biological Corridor rainfall clouds deforestation Mesoamerica PY - 2006 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 150-162 ST - Dry season clouds and rainfall in northern Central America: Implications for the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - Dry season clouds and rainfall in northern Central America: Implications for the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor VL - 54 ID - 25006 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Ray, Patrick A. AU - Brown, Casey M. CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.1596/978-1-4648-0477-9 KW - added by ERG PB - World Bank Group PY - 2015 SP - 125 ST - Confronting Climate Uncertainty in Water Resources Planning and Project Design: The Decision Tree Framework TI - Confronting Climate Uncertainty in Water Resources Planning and Project Design: The Decision Tree Framework ID - 22966 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Raymond, Crystal L. CY - Seattle, WA PB - Seattle City Light PY - 2015 SP - 97 ST - Seattle City Light Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Plan TI - Seattle City Light Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Plan UR - https://www.seattle.gov/light/enviro/docs/Seattle_City_Light_Climate_Change_Vulnerability_Assessment_and_Adaptation_Plan.pdf ID - 26498 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Raymond-Yakoubian, Brenden AU - Raymond-Yakoubian, Julie CY - Nome, AK NV - 2015 Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative Project 1333 Final Product PB - Kawerak, Inc. PY - 2015 SP - 216 ST - “Always Taught Not to Waste”: Traditional Knowledge and Norton Sound/Bering Strait Salmon Populations TI - “Always Taught Not to Waste”: Traditional Knowledge and Norton Sound/Bering Strait Salmon Populations UR - http://www.kawerak.org/forms/nr/TK%20of%20Salmon%20Final%20Report.pdf ID - 24970 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Raymond-Yakoubian, Julie CY - Nome, AK NV - Final Report for Study 10-151 PB - Kawerak, Inc PY - 2013 SP - various ST - "When the Fish Come, We Go Fishing": Local Ecological Knowledge of Non-salmon Fish Used For Subsistence in the Bering Strait Region TI - "When the Fish Come, We Go Fishing": Local Ecological Knowledge of Non-salmon Fish Used For Subsistence in the Bering Strait Region UR - http://www.kawerak.org/forms/nr/Non-Salmon%20Report.pdf ID - 24969 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anomalously warm sea surface temperature events are increasing in frequency, generating global concern regarding the adaptive and acclimatizing capacities of corals. Staghorn Acropora corals, important ecologically as habitat structurers, are particularly vulnerable to temperature-related bleaching. Here, we report a catastrophic mass mortality event that affected shallow staghorn communities in Guam, Micronesia. Mortality began in conjunction with a mass bleaching event in late 2013, initiated by anomalous warm sea surface temperatures and doldrum winds over a 4 mo period. A second warming event followed less than 8 mo later, concurrent with a period of extreme low tides resulting in repeated periods of subaerial exposure of shallow corals. This combination of stressors acted synergistically to trigger an extended mass mortality event. In 2015, we conducted rapid assessment surveys of 7 species in 21 previously mapped populations to determine mortality extent and pattern. Mortality from these combined environmental stressors resulted in a 53 ± 10% reduction in Guam’s staghorn population, covering an estimated 17.5 ha of coral communities. Greater water circulation appeared to be associated with higher survival during both warm temperature periods and extreme low tides; populations in slightly deeper water, closer to well-flushed reef margins, showed lower mortality. A better understanding of the environmental drivers of the mortality patterns we observed is currently being applied to developing strategies to restore and manage remaining populations. AU - Raymundo, L. J. AU - Burdick, D. AU - Lapacek, V. A. AU - Miller, R. AU - Brown, V. DA - 2017 DO - 10.3354/meps12005 PY - 2017 SP - 47-55 ST - Anomalous temperatures and extreme tides: Guam staghorn Acropora succumb to a double threat T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series TI - Anomalous temperatures and extreme tides: Guam staghorn Acropora succumb to a double threat VL - 564 ID - 22503 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We present the Met Office Hadley Centre's sea ice and sea surface temperature (SST) data set, HadISST1, and the nighttime marine air temperature (NMAT) data set, HadMAT1. HadISST1 replaces the global sea ice and sea surface temperature (GISST) data sets and is a unique combination of monthly globally complete fields of SST and sea ice concentration on a 1° latitude-longitude grid from 1871. The companion HadMAT1 runs monthly from 1856 on a 5° latitude-longitude grid and incorporates new corrections for the effect on NMAT of increasing deck (and hence measurement) heights. HadISST1 and HadMAT1 temperatures are reconstructed using a two-stage reduced-space optimal interpolation procedure, followed by superposition of quality-improved gridded observations onto the reconstructions to restore local detail. The sea ice fields are made more homogeneous by compensating satellite microwave-based sea ice concentrations for the impact of surface melt effects on retrievals in the Arctic and for algorithm deficiencies in the Antarctic and by making the historical in situ concentrations consistent with the satellite data. SSTs near sea ice are estimated using statistical relationships between SST and sea ice concentration. HadISST1 compares well with other published analyses, capturing trends in global, hemispheric, and regional SST well, containing SST fields with more uniform variance through time and better month-to-month persistence than those in GISST. HadMAT1 is more consistent with SST and with collocated land surface air temperatures than previous NMAT data sets. AU - Rayner, N. A. AU - Parker, D. E. AU - Horton, E. B. AU - Folland, C. K. AU - Alexander, L. V. AU - Rowell, D. P. AU - Kent, E. C. AU - Kaplan, A. DO - 10.1029/2002JD002670 IS - D14 PY - 2003 SP - 4407 ST - Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres TI - Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century VL - 108 ID - 26380 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Raynolds, Martha K. AU - Walker, Donald A. AU - Ambrosius, Kenneth J. AU - Brown, Jerry AU - Everett, Kaye R. AU - Kanevskiy, Mikhail AU - Kofinas, Gary P. AU - Romanovsky, Vladimir E. AU - Shur, Yuri AU - Webber, Patrick J. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12500 IS - 4 KW - Arctic climate change cumulative impacts geoecological mapping ice-rich permafrost ice-wedge polygons infrastructure photo-interpretation thermokarst tundra PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1211-1224 ST - Cumulative geoecological effects of 62 years of infrastructure and climate change in ice-rich permafrost landscapes, Prudhoe Bay Oilfield, Alaska T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Cumulative geoecological effects of 62 years of infrastructure and climate change in ice-rich permafrost landscapes, Prudhoe Bay Oilfield, Alaska VL - 20 ID - 22283 ER - TY - JOUR AB - How much of an effect does terrestrial groundwater storage have on sea-level rise? Reager et al. used gravity measurements made between 2002 and 2014 by NASA's Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites to quantify variations in groundwater storage. Combining those data with estimates of mass loss by glaciers revealed groundwater's impact on sea-level change. Net groundwater storage has been increasing, and the greatest regional changes, both positive and negative, are associated with climate-driven variability in precipitation. Thus, groundwater storage has slowed the rate of recent sea-level rise by roughly 15%.Science, this issue p. 699Climate-driven changes in land water storage and their contributions to sea level rise have been absent from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change sea level budgets owing to observational challenges. Recent advances in satellite measurement of time-variable gravity combined with reconciled global glacier loss estimates enable a disaggregation of continental land mass changes and a quantification of this term. We found that between 2002 and 2014, climate variability resulted in an additional 3200 ± 900 gigatons of water being stored on land. This gain partially offset water losses from ice sheets, glaciers, and groundwater pumping, slowing the rate of sea level rise by 0.71 ± 0.20 millimeters per year. These findings highlight the importance of climate-driven changes in hydrology when assigning attribution to decadal changes in sea level.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/351/6274/699.full.pdf AU - Reager, J. T. AU - Gardner, A. S. AU - Famiglietti, J. S. AU - Wiese, D. N. AU - Eicker, A. AU - Lo, M.-H. DO - 10.1126/science.aad8386 IS - 6274 PY - 2016 SP - 699-703 ST - A decade of sea level rise slowed by climate-driven hydrology T2 - Science TI - A decade of sea level rise slowed by climate-driven hydrology VL - 351 ID - 20313 ER - TY - WEB AU - Rebuild by Design PB - 100 Resilient Cities PY - 2017 ST - [web site] TI - [web site] UR - http://www.rebuildbydesign.org/ ID - 24003 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Reclamation C6 - NCA CY - Denver, CO PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation PY - 2012 SP - 95 ST - Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study. Study Report. December 2012. Prepared by the Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study Team TI - Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study. Study Report. December 2012. Prepared by the Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study Team UR - http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/crbstudy/finalreport/studyrpt.html ID - 15125 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Reclamation CY - Boise, ID PB - Bureau of Reclamation, Pacific Northwest Region PY - 2015 SP - 112 ST - Hood River Basin Study TI - Hood River Basin Study UR - https://www.usbr.gov/watersmart/bsp/docs/finalreport/hoodriver/hoodriverbasinstudy.pdf ID - 26540 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Reclamation CY - Boise, ID PB - Bureau of Reclamation, Pacific Northwest Region and Idaho Water Resource Board PY - 2015 SP - 128 ST - Henrys Fork Basin Study TI - Henrys Fork Basin Study UR - https://www.usbr.gov/watersmart/bsp/docs/finalreport/HenrysFork/HenrysForkBasinStudyReport.pdf ID - 26541 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Reclamation PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation PY - 2015 SP - 41 ST - Infrastructure Investment Strategy TI - Infrastructure Investment Strategy UR - https://www.usbr.gov/infrastructure/docs/Infrastructure_Investment_Strategy_Final_Report_1SEP15.pdf ID - 26718 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Reclamation CY - Boise, ID PB - Bureau of Reclamation, Pacific Northwest Regional Office PY - 2016 ST - Columbia River Basin Impacts Assessment TI - Columbia River Basin Impacts Assessment UR - https://www.usbr.gov/pn/climate/crbia/index.html ID - 26542 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Reclamation and Ecology CY - [Yakima, WA] NV - Ecology Publication Number: 11-12- 004 PB - Bureau of Reclamation, Pacific Northwest Region and Washington Department of Ecology PY - 2011 SP - 112 ST - Yakima River Basin Study. Volume 1: Proposed Integrated Water Resource Management Plan TI - Yakima River Basin Study. Volume 1: Proposed Integrated Water Resource Management Plan UR - https://www.usbr.gov/pn/programs/yrbwep/2011integratedplan/plan/integratedplan.pdf ID - 24756 ER - TY - RPRT AU - RECON Environmental Inc. AU - Hicks & Company AU - ZARA Environmental LLC AU - BIO-WEST CY - San Antonio, TX PB - Edwards Aquifer Recovery Implementation Program PY - 2012 SP - various ST - Habitat Conservation Plan TI - Habitat Conservation Plan UR - http://www.eahcp.org/files/uploads/Final%20HCP%20November%202012.pdf ID - 25808 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Redmond, Kelly T. AU - Koch, Roy W. DO - 10.1029/91WR00690 IS - 9 KW - 1833 Hydroclimatology 1860 Streamflow 3309 Climatology 4215 Climate and interannual variability PY - 1991 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 2381-2399 ST - Surface climate and streamflow variability in the western United States and their relationship to large-scale circulation indices T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Surface climate and streamflow variability in the western United States and their relationship to large-scale circulation indices VL - 27 ID - 21522 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Redmond, Miranda D. AU - Forcella, Frank AU - Barger, Nichole N. C7 - art120 DO - 10.1890/ES12-00306.1 IS - 12 KW - climate change mast seeding Pinus edulis pinyon-juniper woodlands regeneration reproduction PY - 2012 SN - 2150-8925 SP - 1-14 ST - Declines in pinyon pine cone production associated with regional warming T2 - Ecosphere TI - Declines in pinyon pine cone production associated with regional warming VL - 3 ID - 23693 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Redmond, Miranda D. AU - Kelsey, Katharine C. AU - Urza, Alexandra K. AU - Barger, Nichole N. C7 - e01681 DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1681 IS - 3 KW - climate change climate–growth responses climatic water deficit dendrochronology elevation pinyon pine plant population and community dynamics semi-arid woodland soil properties tree growth PY - 2017 SN - 2150-8925 SP - e01681 ST - Interacting effects of climate and landscape physiography on piñon pine growth using an individual-based approach T2 - Ecosphere TI - Interacting effects of climate and landscape physiography on piñon pine growth using an individual-based approach VL - 8 ID - 23694 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Garfin, Greg A2 - Jardine, Angie A2 - Overpeck, Jonathan AU - Redsteer, M. AU - Hiza, Bemis AU - Chief, K.D. AU - Gautam, M. AU - Middleton, B.R. AU - Tsosie, R. C4 - 85923ac2-22e6-4265-9d70-1887132abfce CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2013 SE - 17 SP - 385-404 ST - Unique challenges facing southwestern Tribes: Impacts, adaptation and mitigation T2 - Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States: A Report Prepared for the National Climate Assessment TI - Unique challenges facing southwestern Tribes: Impacts, adaptation and mitigation ID - 18271 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Redsteer, M. Hiza, Kelley, K.B., Francis, H. and Block, D. CY - Geneva, Switzerland PB - UNISDR PY - 2010 ST - Disaster Risk Assessment Case Study: Recent Drought on the Navajo Nation, Southwestern United States. Background Paper Prepared for the 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction TI - Disaster Risk Assessment Case Study: Recent Drought on the Navajo Nation, Southwestern United States. Background Paper Prepared for the 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction UR - http://www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo/gar/2011/en/bgdocs/Redsteer_Kelley_Francis_&_Block_2010.pdf ID - 18828 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Redsteer, M.H. AU - Bogle, R.C. AU - Vogel, J.M. C6 - NCA CY - Reston, VA PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2011 ST - Monitoring and Analysis of Sand Dune Movement and Growth on the Navajo Nation, Southwestern United States. Fact Sheet Number 3085 TI - Monitoring and Analysis of Sand Dune Movement and Growth on the Navajo Nation, Southwestern United States. Fact Sheet Number 3085 UR - http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3085/fs2011-3085.pdf ID - 15128 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In a changing climate, future inundation of the United States’ Atlantic coast will depend on both storm surges during tropical cyclones and the rising relative sea levels on which those surges occur. However, the observational record of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic basin is too short (A.D. 1851 to present) to accurately assess long-term trends in storm activity. To overcome this limitation, we use proxy sea level records, and downscale three CMIP5 models to generate large synthetic tropical cyclone data sets for the North Atlantic basin; driving climate conditions span from A.D. 850 to A.D. 2005. We compare pre-anthropogenic era (A.D. 850–1800) and anthropogenic era (A.D.1970–2005) storm surge model results for New York City, exposing links between increased rates of sea level rise and storm flood heights. We find that mean flood heights increased by ∼1.24 m (due mainly to sea level rise) from ∼A.D. 850 to the anthropogenic era, a result that is significant at the 99% confidence level. Additionally, changes in tropical cyclone characteristics have led to increases in the extremes of the types of storms that create the largest storm surges for New York City. As a result, flood risk has greatly increased for the region; for example, the 500-y return period for a ∼2.25-m flood height during the pre-anthropogenic era has decreased to ∼24.4 y in the anthropogenic era. Our results indicate the impacts of climate change on coastal inundation, and call for advanced risk management strategies. AU - Reed, Andra J. AU - Mann, Michael E. AU - Emanuel, Kerry A. AU - Lin, Ning AU - Horton, Benjamin P. AU - Kemp, Andrew C. AU - Donnelly, Jeffrey P. DA - October 13, 2015 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1513127112 IS - 41 PY - 2015 SP - 12610-12615 ST - Increased threat of tropical cyclones and coastal flooding to New York City during the anthropogenic era T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Increased threat of tropical cyclones and coastal flooding to New York City during the anthropogenic era VL - 112 ID - 19972 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reed, Sasha C. AU - Coe, Kirsten K. AU - Sparks, Jed P. AU - Housman, David C. AU - Zelikova, Tamara J. AU - Belnap, Jayne DA - 07/01/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate1596 PY - 2012 SP - 752-755 ST - Changes to dryland rainfall result in rapid moss mortality and altered soil fertility T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Changes to dryland rainfall result in rapid moss mortality and altered soil fertility VL - 2 ID - 23846 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Weber, Bettina A2 - Büdel, Burkhard A2 - Belnap, Jayne AB - A wide range of studies show global environmental change will profoundly affect the structure, function, and dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems. The research synthesized here underscores that biocrust communities are also likely to respond significantly to global change drivers, with a large potential for modification to their abundance, composition, and function. We examine how elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, climate change (increased temperature and altered precipitation), and nitrogen deposition affect biocrusts and the ecosystems they inhabit. We integrate experimental and observational data, as well as physiological, community ecology, and biogeochemical perspectives. Taken together, these data highlight the potential for biocrust organisms to respond dramatically to environmental change and show how changes to biocrust community composition translate into effects on ecosystem function (e.g., carbon and nutrient cycling, soil stability, energy balance). Due to the importance of biocrusts in regulating dryland ecosystem processes and the potential for large modifications to biocrust communities, an improved understanding and predictive capacity regarding biocrust responses to environmental change are of scientific and societal relevance. AU - Reed, Sasha C. AU - Maestre, Fernando T. AU - Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl AU - Kuske, Cheryl R. AU - Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony AU - Oliver, Mel AU - Darby, Brian AU - Sancho, Leopoldo G. AU - Sinsabaugh, Robert L. AU - Belnap, Jayne C4 - 6e13a903-7949-425d-b16c-6e377114175d CY - Cham DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_22 PB - Springer International Publishing PY - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-30214-0 SP - 451-476 ST - Biocrusts in the context of global change T2 - Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands TI - Biocrusts in the context of global change ID - 25979 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Populations are shifting their phenology in response to climate change, but these shifts are often asynchronous among interacting species. Resulting phenological mismatches can drive simultaneous changes in natural selection and population demography, but the links between these interacting processes are poorly understood. Here we analyse 37 years of data from an individual‐based study of great tits (Parus major) in the Netherlands and use mixed‐effects models to separate the within‐ and across‐year effects of phenological mismatch between great tits and caterpillars (a key food source for developing nestlings) on components of fitness at the individual and population levels. Several components of individual fitness were affected by individual mismatch (i.e. late breeding relative to the caterpillar food peak date), including the probability of double‐brooding, fledgling success, offspring recruitment probability and the number of recruits. Together these effects contributed to an overall negative relationship between relative fitness and laying dates, that is, selection for earlier laying on average. Directional selection for earlier laying was stronger in years where birds bred on average later than the food peak, but was weak or absent in years where the phenology of birds and caterpillars matched (i.e. no population mismatch). The mean number of fledglings per female was lower in years when population mismatch was high, in part because fewer second broods were produced. Population mismatch had a weak effect on the mean number of recruits per female, and no effect on mean adult survival, after controlling for the effects of breeding density and the quality of the autumnal beech (Fagus sylvatica) crop. These findings illustrate how climate change‐induced mismatch can have strong effects on the relative fitness of phenotypes within years, but weak effects on mean demographic rates across years. We discuss various general mechanisms that influence the extent of coupling between breeding phenology, selection and population dynamics in open populations subject to strong density regulation and stochasticity. AU - Reed, Thomas E. AU - Jenouvrier, Stephanie AU - Visser, Marcel E. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02020.x IS - 1 PY - 2013 SP - 131-144 ST - Phenological mismatch strongly affects individual fitness but not population demography in a woodland passerine T2 - Journal of Animal Ecology TI - Phenological mismatch strongly affects individual fitness but not population demography in a woodland passerine VL - 82 ID - 25685 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Evolutionary adaptation affects demographic resilience to climate change but few studies have attempted to project changes in selective pressures or quantify impacts of trait responses on population dynamics and extinction risk. We used a novel individual-based model to explore potential evolutionary changes in migration timing and the consequences for population persistence in sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Fraser River, Canada, under scenarios of future climate warming. Adult sockeye salmon are highly sensitive to increases in water temperature during their arduous upriver migration, raising concerns about the fate of these ecologically, culturally, and commercially important fish in a warmer future. Our results suggest that evolution of upriver migration timing could allow these salmon to avoid increasingly frequent stressful temperatures, with the odds of population persistence increasing in proportion to the trait heritability and phenotypic variance. With a simulated 2°C increase in average summer river temperatures by 2100, adult migration timing from the ocean to the river advanced by ∼10 days when the heritability was 0.5, while the risk of quasi-extinction was only 17% of that faced by populations with zero evolutionary potential (i.e., heritability fixed at zero). The rates of evolution required to maintain persistence under simulated scenarios of moderate to rapid warming are plausible based on estimated heritabilities and rates of microevolution of timing traits in salmon and related species, although further empirical work is required to assess potential genetic and ecophysiological constraints on phenological adaptation. These results highlight the benefits to salmon management of maintaining evolutionary potential within populations, in addition to conserving key habitats and minimizing additional stressors where possible, as a means to build resilience to ongoing climate change. More generally, they demonstrate the importance and feasibility of considering evolutionary processes, in addition to ecology and demography, when projecting population responses to environmental change. AU - Reed, Thomas E. AU - Schindler, Daniel E. AU - Hague, Merran J. AU - Patterson, David A. AU - Meir, Eli AU - Waples, Robin S. AU - Hinch, Scott G. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0020380 IS - 6 PY - 2011 SP - e20380 ST - Time to evolve? Potential evolutionary responses of Fraser River sockeye salmon to climate change and effects on persistence T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Time to evolve? Potential evolutionary responses of Fraser River sockeye salmon to climate change and effects on persistence VL - 6 ID - 23443 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Mangroves are a group of highly salt-tolerant woody plants. The high water use efficiency of mangroves under saline conditions suggests that regulation of water transport is a crucial component of their salinity tolerance.Scope This review focuses on the processes that contribute to the ability of mangroves to maintain water uptake and limit water loss to the soil and the atmosphere under saline conditions, from micro to macro scales. These processes include: (1) efficient filtering of the incoming water to exclude salt; (2) maintenance of internal osmotic potentials lower than that of the rhizosphere; (3) water-saving properties; and (4) efficient exploitation of less-saline water sources when these become available.Conclusions Mangroves are inherently plastic and can change their structure at the root, leaf and stand levels in response to salinity in order to exclude salt from the xylem stream, maintain leaf hydraulic conductance, avoid cavitation and regulate water loss (e.g. suberization of roots and alterations of leaf size, succulence and angle, hydraulic anatomy and biomass partitioning). However, much is still unknown about the regulation of water uptake in mangroves, such as how they sense and respond to heterogeneity in root zone salinity, the extent to which they utilize non-stomatally derived CO2 as a water-saving measure and whether they can exploit atmospheric water sources. AU - Reef, Ruth AU - Lovelock, Catherine E. DO - 10.1093/aob/mcu174 IS - 3 N1 - 10.1093/aob/mcu174 PY - 2015 SN - 0305-7364 SP - 385-395 ST - Regulation of water balance in mangroves T2 - Annals of Botany TI - Regulation of water balance in mangroves VL - 115 ID - 24370 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Halofsky, Jessica E. A2 - Peterson, David L. AB - A longer growing season with climate change is expected to increase net primary productivity of many rangeland types, especially those dominated by grasses, although responses will depend on local climate and soil conditions. Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide may increase water use efficiency and productivity of some species. In many cases, increasing wildfire frequency and extent will be damaging for big sagebrush and other shrub species that are readily killed by fire. The widespread occurrence of cheatgrass and other nonnatives facilitates frequent fire through annual fuel accumulation. Shrub species that sprout following fire may be quite resilient to increased disturbance, but may be outcompeted by more drought tolerant species over time. AU - Reeves, Matt C. AU - Manning, Mary E. AU - DiBenedetto, Jeff P. AU - Palmquist, Kyle A. AU - Lauenroth, William K. AU - Bradford, John B. AU - Schlaepfer, Daniel R. C4 - e421a79e-a529-48bf-872a-cb3422ebad9e CY - Cham DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-56928-4_6 PB - Springer International Publishing PY - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-56928-4 SP - 97-114 ST - Effects of climate change on rangeland vegetation in the Northern Rockies SV - Advances in Global Change Research vol.63 T2 - Climate Change and Rocky Mountain Ecosystems TI - Effects of climate change on rangeland vegetation in the Northern Rockies ID - 25684 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The potential effects of climate change on net primary productivity (NPP) of U.S. rangelands were evaluated using estimated climate regimes from the A1B, A2 and B2 global change scenarios imposed on the biogeochemical cycling model, Biome-BGC from 2001 to 2100. Temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure deficit, day length, solar radiation, CO2 enrichment and nitrogen deposition were evaluated as drivers of NPP. Across all three scenarios, rangeland NPP increased by 0.26 % year−1 (7 kg C ha−1 year−1) but increases were not apparent until after 2030 and significant regional variation in NPP was revealed. The Desert Southwest and Southwest assessment regions exhibited declines in NPP of about 7 % by 2100, while the Northern and Southern Great Plains, Interior West and Eastern Prairies all experienced increases over 25 %. Grasslands dominated by warm season (C4 photosynthetic pathway) species showed the greatest response to temperature while cool season (C3 photosynthetic pathway) dominated regions responded most strongly to CO2 enrichment. Modeled NPP responses compared favorably with experimental results from CO2 manipulation experiments and to NPP estimates from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Collectively, these results indicate significant and asymmetric changes in NPP for U.S. rangelands may be expected. AU - Reeves, Matthew C. AU - Moreno, Adam L. AU - Bagne, Karen E. AU - Running, Steven W. DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1235-8 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 429-442 ST - Estimating climate change effects on net primary production of rangelands in the United States T2 - Climatic Change TI - Estimating climate change effects on net primary production of rangelands in the United States VL - 126 ID - 21602 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Regonda, S.K. AU - Rajagopalan, B. AU - Clark, M. AU - Pitlick, J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/JCLI-3272.1 IS - 2 PY - 2005 SN - 1520-0442 SP - 372-384 ST - Seasonal cycle shifts in hydroclimatology over the western United States T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Seasonal cycle shifts in hydroclimatology over the western United States VL - 18 ID - 15136 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The need to reduce risks from coastal storms and climate change in coastal areas has given rise to efforts to make greater use of integrated ecosystem-based approaches. Assessment of the role and cost efficiency of adaptation measures is increasingly demanded. Applying the Economics of Climate Adaptation framework in the US Gulf Coast, we compare nature-based defenses, artificial defenses, and policy measures for adaptation and risk reduction and quantify their costs and benefits under a variety of economic growth and climate change scenarios. Our analyses are spatially explicit and all models, tools and information are open source. The framework includes (i) a probabilistic assessment of hazards, (ii) estimation of damages and (iii) assessment of adaptation and risk reduction measures. We perform sensitivity analyses to understand the parameters that created the most variation in risk assessment and most influenced estimates of cost effectiveness. We find that high rates of economic growth and coastal development are likely to create greater risks in the near term than climate change, due to the increase in exposed assets. Nature-based solutions such as oyster reef and marsh restoration are particularly cost effective, but their cost-effectiveness is highly dependent on where these measures are used. As decision-makers look for the most cost effective group of measures for adaptation and risk reduction, these approaches and results should be particularly useful for informing management priorities. AU - Reguero, Borja G AU - Bresch, David N AU - Beck, Mike AU - Calil, Juliano AU - Meliane, Imen DA - 2014-10-30 DO - 10.9753/icce.v34.management.25 ET - 2015-01-26 IS - 34 KW - Economics Climate Adaptation Risk Nature based Defenses Ecosystem Based Adaptation M3 - Economics; Climate Adaptation; Risk; Nature based Defenses; Ecosystem Based Adaptation PY - 2014 SN - 2156-1028 ST - Coastal risks, nature-based defenses and the economics of adaptation: An application in the Gulf of Mexico, USA T2 - Coastal Engineering Proceedings TI - Coastal risks, nature-based defenses and the economics of adaptation: An application in the Gulf of Mexico, USA ID - 25880 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rehage, J. S. AU - Blanchard, J. R. AU - Boucek, R. E. AU - Lorenz, J. J. AU - Robinson, M. C7 - e01268 DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1268 IS - 6 KW - Key words: climate change cold spell extreme climate events fishes nonnative species resilience resistance Special Feature: Extreme Cold Spells PY - 2016 SN - 2150-8925 SP - e01268 ST - Knocking back invasions: Variable resistance and resilience to multiple cold spells in native vs. nonnative fishes T2 - Ecosphere TI - Knocking back invasions: Variable resistance and resilience to multiple cold spells in native vs. nonnative fishes VL - 7 ID - 24371 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rehfeldt, Gerald E. AU - Crookston, Nicholas L. AU - Sáenz-Romero, Cuauhtémoc AU - Campbell, Elizabeth M. C6 - NCA DA - 2012/01/01 DO - 10.1890/11-0495.1 IS - 1 PY - 2012 SN - 1051-0761 SP - 119-141 ST - North American vegetation model for land-use planning in a changing climate: A solution to large classification problems T2 - Ecological Applications TI - North American vegetation model for land-use planning in a changing climate: A solution to large classification problems VL - 22 Y2 - 2013/07/29 ID - 15138 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rehfeldt, Gerald E AU - Crookston, Nicholas L AU - Warwell, Marcus V AU - Evans, Jeffrey S DO - 10.1086/507711 IS - 6 PY - 2006 SN - 1058-5893 SP - 1123-1150 ST - Empirical analyses of plant-climate relationships for the western United States T2 - International Journal of Plant Sciences TI - Empirical analyses of plant-climate relationships for the western United States VL - 167 ID - 22631 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Letcher, Trevor M AU - Reichler, Thomas C4 - afc9d3fd-49bb-413c-bdec-75d9b75c2b8b CY - Boston DO - 10.1016/B978-0-444-63524-2.00006-3 KW - Atmospheric circulation Hadley cell Storm tracks PB - Elsevier PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-444-63524-2 SP - 79-104 ST - Chapter 6: Poleward expansion of the atmospheric circulation T2 - Climate Change (Second Edition) TI - Chapter 6: Poleward expansion of the atmospheric circulation ID - 20124 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reichmuth, David S. AU - Lutz, Andrew E. AU - Manley, Dawn K. AU - Keller, Jay O. DA - 2013/01/24/ DO - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.10.047 IS - 2 KW - Greenhouse gas emissions Biofuels Renewable hydrogen PY - 2013 SN - 0360-3199 SP - 1200-1208 ST - Comparison of the technical potential for hydrogen, battery electric, and conventional light-duty vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and petroleum consumption in the United States T2 - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy TI - Comparison of the technical potential for hydrogen, battery electric, and conventional light-duty vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and petroleum consumption in the United States VL - 38 ID - 26382 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reid, Colleen E. AU - Brauer, Michael AU - Johnston, Fay H. AU - Jerrett, Michael AU - Balmes, John R. AU - Elliott, Catherine T. DO - 10.1289/ehp.1409277 PY - 2016 SP - 1334-1343 ST - Critical review of health impacts of wildfire smoke exposure T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Critical review of health impacts of wildfire smoke exposure VL - 124 ID - 24244 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reid, Colleen E. AU - Mann, Jennifer K. AU - Alfasso, Ruth AU - English, Paul B. AU - King, Galatea C. AU - Lincoln, Rebecca A. AU - Margolis, Helene G. AU - Rubado, Dan J. AU - Sabato, Joseph E. AU - West, Nancy L. AU - Woods, Brian AU - Navarro, Kathleen M. AU - Balmes, J. R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.1103766 IS - 5 PY - 2012 RN - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3346770/pdf/ehp.1103766.pdf SP - 715-720 ST - Evaluation of a heat vulnerability index on abnormally hot days: An environmental public health tracking study T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Evaluation of a heat vulnerability index on abnormally hot days: An environmental public health tracking study VL - 120 ID - 15142 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reid, C.E. AU - O’Neill, M.S. AU - Gronlund, C.J. AU - Brines, S.J. AU - Brown, D.G. AU - Diez-Roux, A.V. AU - Schwartz, J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.0900683 IS - 11 PY - 2009 RN - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2801183/pdf/ehp-117-1730.pdf SP - 1730-1736 ST - Mapping community determinants of heat vulnerability T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Mapping community determinants of heat vulnerability VL - 117 ID - 15143 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reid, Hannah AU - Huq, Saleemul DA - 2014/10/02 DO - 10.1080/17565529.2014.973720 IS - 4 PY - 2014 SN - 1756-5529 SP - 291-292 ST - Mainstreaming community-based adaptation into national and local planning T2 - Climate and Development TI - Mainstreaming community-based adaptation into national and local planning VL - 6 ID - 24923 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Reiling, Kirby AU - Brady, Cynthia AU - Furlow, John AU - Ackley, Mary CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) PY - 2015 SP - 41 ST - Climate Change and Conflict: An Annex to the USAID Climate-Resilient Development Framework TI - Climate Change and Conflict: An Annex to the USAID Climate-Resilient Development Framework UR - https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/ClimateChangeConflictAnnex_2015%2002%2025%2C%20Final%20with%20date%20for%20Web.pdf ID - 22128 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Reimchen, Donna AU - Doré, Guy AU - Fortier, Daniel AU - Stanley, Bill AU - Walsh, Robin CY - Vancouver, British Columbia NV - Soil Stabilization for Changing Environments PY - 2009 T2 - 2009 Annual Conference, Transportation Association of Canada TI - Cost and constructability of permafrost test sections along the Alaska Highway, Yukon. UR - http://conf.tac-atc.ca/english/resourcecentre/readingroom/conference/conf2009/pdf/Reimchen.pdf ID - 22284 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rempel, Robert S. DA - 2011/09/24/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.07.012 IS - 18 KW - Climate change simulation Moose population dynamics Wolf predation Parasite Biometric model Systems model Stella PY - 2011 SN - 0304-3800 SP - 3355-3365 ST - Effects of climate change on moose populations: Exploring the response horizon through biometric and systems models T2 - Ecological Modelling TI - Effects of climate change on moose populations: Exploring the response horizon through biometric and systems models VL - 222 ID - 21717 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Substantial epidemiological studies demonstrate associations between exposure to ambient ozone and mortality. A few studies simply examine the modification of this ozone effect by individual characteristics and socioeconomic status, but socioeconomic status was usually coded at the city level. AU - Ren, Cizao AU - Melly, Steve AU - Schwartz, Joel DO - 10.1186/1476-069X-9-3 KW - Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Air Pollutants Air Pollutants: analysis Air Pollution Air Pollution: statistics & numerical data Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases: mortality Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus: mortality Environmental Exposure Environmental Exposure: analysis Environmental Monitoring Female Humans Male Massachusetts Massachusetts: epidemiology Middle Aged Ozone Ozone: analysis Respiration Disorders Respiration Disorders: mortality Social Class PY - 2010 SP - Article 3 ST - Modifiers of short-term effects of ozone on mortality in eastern Massachusetts—A case-crossover analysis at individual level T2 - Environmental Health TI - Modifiers of short-term effects of ozone on mortality in eastern Massachusetts—A case-crossover analysis at individual level VL - 9 ID - 18915 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Both ambient ozone and temperature are associated with human health. However, few data are available on whether ozone modifies temperature effects. This study aims to explore whether ozone modified associations between maximum temperature and cardiovascular mortality in the USA. AU - Ren, C. AU - Williams, G. M. AU - Morawska, L. AU - Mengersen, K. AU - Tong, S. DO - 10.1136/oem.2007.033878 IS - 4 KW - Adult Aged Air Pollutants Air Pollutants: analysis Air Pollutants: toxicity Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases: etiology Cardiovascular Diseases: mortality Environmental Monitoring Environmental Monitoring: methods Female Hot Temperature Hot Temperature: adverse effects Humans Male Middle Aged Oxidants, Photochemical Oxidants, Photochemical: analysis Oxidants, Photochemical: toxicity Ozone Ozone: analysis Ozone: toxicity Seasons Temperature United States United States: epidemiology Urban Health Urban Health: statistics & numerical data Weather PY - 2008 SP - 255-260 ST - Ozone modifies associations between temperature and cardiovascular mortality: Analysis of the NMMAPS data T2 - Occupational and Environmental Medicine TI - Ozone modifies associations between temperature and cardiovascular mortality: Analysis of the NMMAPS data VL - 65 ID - 18914 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Despite many challenges faced by animal producers, including environmental problems, diseases, economic pressure, and feed availability, it is still predicted that animal production in developing countries will continue to sustain the future growth of the world's meat production. In these areas, livestock performance is generally lower than those obtained in Western Europe and North America. Although many factors can be involved, climatic factors are among the first and crucial limiting factors of the development of animal production in warm regions. In addition, global warming will further accentuate heat stress-related problems. The objective of this paper was to review the effective strategies to alleviate heat stress in the context of tropical livestock production systems. These strategies can be classified into three groups: those increasing feed intake or decreasing metabolic heat production, those enhancing heat-loss capacities, and those involving genetic selection for heat tolerance. Under heat stress, improved production should be possible through modifications of diet composition that either promotes a higher intake or compensates the low feed consumption. In addition, altering feeding management such as a change in feeding time and/or frequency, are efficient tools to avoid excessive heat load and improve survival rate, especially in poultry. Methods to enhance heat exchange between the environment and the animal and those changing the environment to prevent or limit heat stress can be used to improve performance under hot climatic conditions. Although differences in thermal tolerance exist between livestock species (ruminants > monogastrics), there are also large differences between breeds of a species and within each breed. Consequently, the opportunity may exist to improve thermal tolerance of the animals using genetic tools. However, further research is required to quantify the genetic antagonism between adaptation and production traits to evaluate the potential selection response. With the development of molecular biotechnologies, new opportunities are available to characterize gene expression and identify key cellular responses to heat stress. These new tools will enable scientists to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of selection for heat tolerance. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression and thermal imprinting of the genome could also be an efficient method to improve thermal tolerance. Such techniques (e.g. perinatal heat acclimation) are currently being experimented in chicken. AU - Renaudeau, D. AU - Collin, A. AU - Yahav, S. AU - de Basilio, V. AU - Gourdine, J. L. AU - Collier, R. J. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S1751731111002448 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 12/08 IS - 5 KW - livestock animals heat stress nutrition cooling genetic PY - 2011 SN - 1751-7311 SP - 707-728 ST - Adaptation to hot climate and strategies to alleviate heat stress in livestock production T2 - Animal TI - Adaptation to hot climate and strategies to alleviate heat stress in livestock production VL - 6 ID - 23573 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Renn, O. C4 - 39e9e9c3-5af7-402e-8d1c-d5cbcda98736 CY - London, UK PB - Routledge PY - 2008 SN - 978-1844072910 SP - 368 ST - Risk Governance: Coping with Uncertainty in a Complex World TI - Risk Governance: Coping with Uncertainty in a Complex World ID - 15147 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Renn, Ortwin AU - Graham, Peter CY - Geneva, Switzerland PY - 2005 SN - White Paper No.1 SP - 156 ST - Risk Governance: Towards an Integrative Approach T2 - International Risk Governance Council TI - Risk Governance: Towards an Integrative Approach UR - https://www.irgc.org/IMG/pdf/IRGC_WP_No_1_Risk_Governance__reprinted_version_.pdf ID - 25890 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Renwick, Katherine M AU - Rocca, Monique E DO - 10.1111/geb.12240 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SN - 1466-8238 SP - 44-51 ST - Temporal context affects the observed rate of climate‐driven range shifts in tree species T2 - Global Ecology and Biogeography TI - Temporal context affects the observed rate of climate‐driven range shifts in tree species VL - 24 ID - 22632 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) Office of the President. Economic Policy Planning and Statistics Office CY - Majuro, Marshall Islands PY - 2012 SP - 23 ST - The RMI 2011 Census of Population and Housing: Summary and Highlights Only TI - The RMI 2011 Census of Population and Housing: Summary and Highlights Only UR - https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/oia/reports/upload/RMI-2011-Census-Summary-Report-on-Population-and-Housing.pdf ID - 22365 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changes in tree growth rates can affect tree mortality and forest feedbacks to the global carbon cycle. As air temperature increases, evaporative demand also increases, increasing effective drought in forest ecosystems. Using a spatially comprehensive network of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) chronologies from 122 locations that represent distinct climate environments in the western United States, we show that increased temperature decreases growth via vapor pressure deficit (VPD) across all latitudes. Using an ensemble of global circulation models, we project an increase in both the mean VPD associated with the lowest growth extremes and the probability of exceeding these VPD values. As temperature continues to increase in future decades, we can expect deficit-related stress to increase and consequently Douglas fir growth to decrease throughout its US range. AU - Restaino, Christina M. AU - Peterson, David L. AU - Littell, Jeremy DA - August 23, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1602384113 IS - 34 PY - 2016 SP - 9557-9562 ST - Increased water deficit decreases Douglas fir growth throughout western US forests T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Increased water deficit decreases Douglas fir growth throughout western US forests VL - 113 ID - 21169 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reusch, Thorsten B. H. DO - 10.1111/eva.12109 IS - 1 KW - adaptation genetic diversity ocean acidification ocean warming phenotypic buffering physiological tolerance selection PY - 2014 SN - 1752-4571 SP - 104-122 ST - Climate change in the oceans: Evolutionary versus phenotypically plastic responses of marine animals and plants T2 - Evolutionary Applications TI - Climate change in the oceans: Evolutionary versus phenotypically plastic responses of marine animals and plants VL - 7 ID - 24896 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Revesz, Richard L. AU - Howard, Peter H. AU - Arrow, Kenneth AU - Goulder, Lawrence H. AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Livermore, Michael A. AU - Oppenheimer, Michael AU - Sterner, Thomas DO - 10.1038/508173a PY - 2014 SP - 173-175 ST - Global warming: Improve economic models of climate change T2 - Nature TI - Global warming: Improve economic models of climate change VL - 508 ID - 24468 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Revi, A. AU - Satterthwaite, D. E. AU - Aragón-Durand, F. AU - Corfee-Morlot, J. AU - Kiunsi, R. B. R. AU - Pelling, M. AU - Roberts, D. C. AU - Solecki, W. C4 - b75bf8c7-f76f-4fd9-98d4-fd8fa08341f2 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 8 SP - 535-612 ST - Urban areas T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Urban areas ID - 17700 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reyes-Fox, Melissa AU - Steltzer, Heidi AU - Trlica, M. J. AU - McMaster, Gregory S. AU - Andales, Allan A. AU - LeCain, Dan R. AU - Morgan, Jack A. DA - 06/12/print DO - 10.1038/nature13207 IS - 7504 M3 - Letter PY - 2014 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 259-262 ST - Elevated CO2 further lengthens growing season under warming conditions T2 - Nature TI - Elevated CO2 further lengthens growing season under warming conditions VL - 510 ID - 19788 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reyna, Janet L. AU - Chester, Mikhail V. DA - 05/15/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms14916 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 14916 ST - Energy efficiency to reduce residential electricity and natural gas use under climate change T2 - Nature Communications TI - Energy efficiency to reduce residential electricity and natural gas use under climate change VL - 8 ID - 26090 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Reynolds, Michelle H. AU - Berkowitz, Paul AU - Courtot, Karen N. AU - Krause, Crystal M. CY - Reston, VA DA - 2012 NV - USGS Open-File Report 2012-1182 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2012 SP - 139 ST - Predicting Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability of Terrestrial Habitat and Wildlife of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands TI - Predicting Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability of Terrestrial Habitat and Wildlife of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands UR - https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1182/ ID - 22364 ER - TY - JOUR AB - More than 18 million seabirds nest on 58 Pacific islands protected within vast U.S. Marine National Monuments (1.9 million km 2 ). However, most of these seabird colonies are on low-elevation islands and sea-level rise (SLR) and accompanying high-water perturbations are predicted to escalate with climate change. To understand how SLR may impact protected islands and insular biodiversity, we modeled inundation and wave-driven flooding of a globally important seabird rookery in the subtropical Pacific. We acquired new high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and used the Delft3D wave model and ArcGIS to model wave heights and inundation for a range of SLR scenarios (+0.5, +1.0, +1.5, and +2.0 m) at Midway Atoll. Next, we classified vegetation to delineate habitat exposure to inundation and identified how breeding phenology, colony synchrony, and life history traits affect species-specific sensitivity. We identified 3 of 13 species as highly vulnerable to SLR in the Hawaiian Islands and quantified their atoll-wide distribution (Laysan albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis ; black-footed albatross, P . nigripes ; and Bonin petrel, Pterodroma hypoleuca ). Our models of wave-driven flooding forecast nest losses up to 10% greater than passive inundation models at +1.0 m SLR. At projections of + 2.0 m SLR, approximately 60% of albatross and 44% of Bonin petrel nests were overwashed displacing more than 616,400 breeding albatrosses and petrels. Habitat loss due to passive SLR may decrease the carrying capacity of some islands to support seabird colonies, while sudden high-water events directly reduce survival and reproduction. This is the first study to simulate wave-driven flooding and the combined impacts of SLR, groundwater rise, and storm waves on seabird colonies. Our results highlight the need for early climate change planning and restoration of higher elevation seabird refugia to prevent low-lying protected islands from becoming ecological traps in the face of rising sea levels. AU - Reynolds, Michelle H. AU - Courtot, Karen N. AU - Berkowitz, Paul AU - Storlazzi, Curt D. AU - Moore, Janet AU - Flint, Elizabeth DA - 2015/09/23/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0136773 DP - PLoS Journals IS - 9 KW - Hawaii Sea level Ecosystems coastal inundation birds marine ecosystems flooding impact atolls storms biodiversity Animal sexual behavior coastal effects Ocean waves Petrels Seabirds PY - 2015 SN - 1932-6203 SP - e0136773 ST - Will the effects of sea-level rise create ecological traps for Pacific island seabirds? T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Will the effects of sea-level rise create ecological traps for Pacific island seabirds? VL - 10 Y2 - 2016/08/27/02:01:21 ID - 22504 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Rhein, M. AU - Rintoul, S.R. AU - Aoki, S. AU - Campos, E. AU - Chambers, D. AU - Feely, R.A. AU - Gulev, S. AU - Johnson, G.C. AU - Josey, S.A. AU - Kostianoy, A. AU - Mauritzen, C. AU - Roemmich, D. AU - Talley, L.D. AU - Wang, F. C4 - bc140b4c-c2d9-4d99-a684-5c054dc5134f CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 SE - 3 SN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 255–316 ST - Observations: Ocean T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Observations: Ocean UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ ID - 16468 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rheinheimer, David E. AU - Null, Sarah E. AU - Lund, Jay R. DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000447 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SP - 04014063 ST - Optimizing selective withdrawal from reservoirs to manage downstream temperatures with climate warming T2 - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management TI - Optimizing selective withdrawal from reservoirs to manage downstream temperatures with climate warming VL - 141 ID - 25382 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rhoades, Alan M. AU - Ullrich, Paul A. AU - Zarzycki, Colin M. DO - 10.1007/s00382-017-3606-0 IS - 1-2 PY - 2017 SN - 0930-7575 SP - 261-288 ST - Projecting 21st century snowpack trends in western USA mountains using variable-resolution CESM T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Projecting 21st century snowpack trends in western USA mountains using variable-resolution CESM VL - 50 ID - 20542 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rhodes, Jerry AU - Gupta, Rahul IS - 5 PY - 2016 SP - 24-25 ST - Building resilient communities: Preparedness and response for health care and public health professionals T2 - West Virginia Medical Journal TI - Building resilient communities: Preparedness and response for health care and public health professionals UR - http://digital.graphcompubs.com/publication/?i=336725 VL - 112 ID - 26262 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Rhodium Group LLC CY - New York, NY PB - Rhodium Group PY - 2014 SP - 201 ST - American Climate Prospectus: Economic Risks in the United States. Prepared as input to the Risky Business Project TI - American Climate Prospectus: Economic Risks in the United States. Prepared as input to the Risky Business Project UR - http://www.impactlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/AmericanClimateProspectus_v1.2.pdf ID - 25909 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - Rao, Shilpa AU - Krey, Volker AU - Cho, Cheolhung AU - Chirkov, Vadim AU - Fischer, Guenther AU - Kindermann, Georg AU - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa AU - Rafaj, Peter DA - 2011/11/01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0149-y IS - 1-2 LA - English PY - 2011 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 33-57 ST - RCP 8.5—A scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions T2 - Climatic Change TI - RCP 8.5—A scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions VL - 109 ID - 18728 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rice, Karen C. AU - Hong, Bo AU - Shen, Jian DA - 2012/11/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.06.036 KW - Sea-level rise Salinity intrusion Drinking-water supply Chesapeake Bay Model simulation PY - 2012 SN - 0301-4797 SP - 61-69 ST - Assessment of salinity intrusion in the James and Chickahominy Rivers as a result of simulated sea-level rise in Chesapeake Bay, East Coast, USA T2 - Journal of Environmental Management TI - Assessment of salinity intrusion in the James and Chickahominy Rivers as a result of simulated sea-level rise in Chesapeake Bay, East Coast, USA VL - 111 ID - 21523 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The northern shrimp Pandalus borealis reaches the southern limit of its distribution in the Gulf of Maine, USA. Previous studies have revealed geographic clines in northern shrimp population parameters (growth, maturity, longevity) which co-vary with environmental temperature, and laboratory studies have confirmed temperature effects. In this study, field data were used to investigate reproductive phenology of northern shrimp in the Gulf of Maine during 1980 to 2011 in relation to ocean temperatures. Timing of the annual shrimp hatch was estimated by sampling commercial catches during the brooding and hatching period. Hatch timing metrics were regressed against composite environmental variables derived from principal component analysis of sea surface temperature and bottom temperature anomalies. Shrimp population indices (spawner abundance and mean size) were included as covariates. Shifts have occurred in timing of hatch initiation (earlier) and completion (later), with the overall result of a longer hatch period in recent years. The midpoint of the hatch period has varied without trend. All hatch timing metrics were significantly related to temperature variables, several of which have warmed significantly during the study period. In the short term, phenological shifts in hatch timing of northern shrimp may be beneficial because they effectively increase the window of opportunity for larvae to encounter good survival conditions. The continued warming predicted for the Gulf of Maine will likely produce further changes, some of which may be in unexpected directions. AU - Richards, R. A. DO - 10.3354/meps09717 PY - 2012 SP - 149-158 ST - Phenological shifts in hatch timing of northern shrimp Pandalus borealis T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series TI - Phenological shifts in hatch timing of northern shrimp Pandalus borealis VL - 456 ID - 21716 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The northern shrimp Pandalus borealis is an important prey species in North Atlantic marine systems and is the target of major fisheries. It reaches its southern limit of distribution in the western Gulf of Maine (GOM), where temperature is thought to play an important role in its stock dynamics. We examined recruitment dynamics of northern shrimp P. borealis in the GOM from 1968 to 2011 and before and after 1999, when a shift to warmer temperatures occurred (Friedland & Hare 2007). Recruitment was related to temperature during all 3 time periods and was related to the reproductive output of the population from 1968 to 2011 and 1968 to 1999 but not in the most recent period (2000 to 2011). Colder temperatures during the pelagic larval stage were associated with higher recruitment. Recruitment variability increased coincident with the 1999 temperature shift; other changes in the physical environment and lower trophic levels of the GOM have been seen as well. Whether the increase in recruitment variability signals a regime shift in the GOM is not yet clear. Increasing the reproductive potential of GOM northern shrimp through conservation measures could help compensate for increasingly unfavorable environmental conditions (warming) and increase the chances of preserving this population and its ecological role in the GOM. AU - Richards, R. Anne AU - Fogarty, Michael J. AU - Mountain, David G. AU - Taylor, Maureen H. DO - 10.3354/meps09869 PY - 2012 SP - 167-178 ST - Climate change and northern shrimp recruitment variability in the Gulf of Maine T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series TI - Climate change and northern shrimp recruitment variability in the Gulf of Maine VL - 464 ID - 25683 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Richardson, Andrew D. AU - Anderson, Ryan S. AU - Arain, M. Altaf AU - Barr, Alan G. AU - Bohrer, Gil AU - Chen, Guangsheng AU - Chen, Jing M. AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Davis, Kenneth J. AU - Desai, Ankur R. AU - Dietze, Michael C. AU - Dragoni, Danilo AU - Garrity, Steven R. AU - Gough, Christopher M. AU - Grant, Robert AU - Hollinger, David Y. AU - Margolis, Hank A. AU - McCaughey, Harry AU - Migliavacca, Mirco AU - Monson, Russell K. AU - Munger, J. William AU - Poulter, Benjamin AU - Raczka, Brett M. AU - Ricciuto, Daniel M. AU - Sahoo, Alok K. AU - Schaefer, Kevin AU - Tian, Hanqin AU - Vargas, Rodrigo AU - Verbeeck, Hans AU - Xiao, Jingfeng AU - Xue, Yongkang DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02562.x IS - 2 KW - autumn senescence carbon cycle land surface model (LSM) leaf area index (LAI) model error North American Carbon Program (NACP) phenology seasonal dynamics spring onset PY - 2012 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 566-584 ST - Terrestrial biosphere models need better representation of vegetation phenology: Results from the North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Terrestrial biosphere models need better representation of vegetation phenology: Results from the North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis VL - 18 ID - 23444 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Richardson, Andrew D. AU - Keenan, Trevor F. AU - Migliavacca, Mirco AU - Ryu, Youngryel AU - Sonnentag, Oliver AU - Toomey, Michael DA - 2/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.09.012 KW - Autumn senescence Biosphere–atmosphere interactions Budburst Carbon cycle Climate change Global warming Models Phenology Seasonality Spring onset PY - 2013 SN - 0168-1923 SP - 156-173 ST - Climate change, phenology, and phenological control of vegetation feedbacks to the climate system T2 - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology TI - Climate change, phenology, and phenological control of vegetation feedbacks to the climate system VL - 169 ID - 23445 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Richardson, L.A. AU - Champ, P.A. AU - Loomis, J.B. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.jfe.2011.05.002 IS - 1 PY - 2012 SN - 1104-6899 SP - 14-35 ST - The hidden cost of wildfires: Economic valuation of health effects of wildfire smoke exposure in Southern California T2 - Journal of Forest Economics TI - The hidden cost of wildfires: Economic valuation of health effects of wildfire smoke exposure in Southern California VL - 18 ID - 15162 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Richardson, Mark AU - Cowtan, Kevin AU - Hawkins, Ed AU - Stolpe, Martin B. DA - 06/27/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3066 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 1758-6798 SP - 931-935 ST - Reconciled climate response estimates from climate models and the energy budget of Earth T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Reconciled climate response estimates from climate models and the energy budget of Earth VL - 6 ID - 19574 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse ecosystems in the world. Today they are threatened by numerous stressors, including warming ocean waters and coastal pollution. Here we focus on the implications of ocean acidification for the open ocean chemistry surrounding coral reefs, as estimated from earth system models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5). We project risks to reefs in the context of three potential aragonite saturation (Ωa) thresholds. We find that in preindustrial times, 99.9% of reefs adjacent to open ocean in the CMIP5 ensemble were located in regions with Ωa > 3.5. Under a business-as-usual scenario (RCP 8.5), every coral reef considered will be surrounded by water with Ωa < 3 by the end of the 21st century and the reefs’ long-term fate is independent of their specific saturation threshold. However, under scenarios with significant CO 2 emissions abatement, the Ωa threshold for reefs is critical to projecting their fate. Our results indicate that to maintain a majority of reefs surrounded by waters with Ωa > 3.5 to the end of the century, very aggressive reductions in emissions are required. The spread of Ωa projections across models in the CMIP5 ensemble is narrow, justifying a high level of confidence in these results. AU - Ricke, K. L. AU - Orr, J. C. AU - Schneider, K. AU - Caldeira, K. DA - 2013 DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034003 DP - Institute of Physics IS - 3 LA - en PY - 2013 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 034003 ST - Risks to coral reefs from ocean carbonate chemistry changes in recent earth system model projections T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Risks to coral reefs from ocean carbonate chemistry changes in recent earth system model projections VL - 8 Y2 - 2017/09/23/02:02:27 ID - 22506 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA, currently holds 184 alpine glaciers larger than 0.01 km2 and their combined area is 30.2 ± 0.95 km2. Only four glaciers are >1 km2 and 120 of the others are <0.1 km2. This represents a loss of 82 glaciers and a 34% decrease in combined area since 1980, with the most pronounced losses occurring on south-facing aspects and in the more arid northeastern part of the range. Annual rate of loss in glacier area for seven of the largest glaciers accelerated from 0.26 km2 a−1 (1900–80) to 0.54 km2 a−1 (1980–2009). Thinning rates on four of the largest glaciers averaged nearly 1 ma−1 from 1987 to 2010, resulting in estimated volume losses of 17–24%. Combined glacial snow, firn and ice melt in the Hoh watershed is in the range 63–79 ± 7 × 106 m3, or 9–15% of total May–September streamflow. In the critical August–September period, the glacial fraction of total basin runoff increases to 18–30%, with one-third of the water directly from glacial ice (i.e. not snow and firn). Glaciers in the Elwha basin produce 12–15 ± 1.3 × 106 m3 (2.5–4.0%), while those in the Dungeness basin contribute 2.5–3.1 ± 0.28 × 106 m3 (3.0–3.8%). AU - Riedel, J. L. AU - Wilson, Steve AU - Baccus, William AU - Larrabee, Michael AU - Fudge, T. J. AU - Fountain, Andrew DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.3189/2015JoG14J138 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2017/07/10 IS - 225 KW - climate change glacier hydrology ice and climate mountain glaciers PY - 2015 SN - 0022-1430 SP - 8-16 ST - Glacier status and contribution to streamflow in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA T2 - Journal of Glaciology TI - Glacier status and contribution to streamflow in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA VL - 61 ID - 24739 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wildfire is a critical land management issue in the western United States. Efforts to mitigate the effects of altered fire regimes have led to debate over ecological restoration versus species conservation framed at the conjuncture of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and their respective management regimes. Fire-related management activities may disrupt watershed processes and degrade habitats of sensitive fishes. However, the restoration of forest structure, process, and functionality, including more natural fire regimes, might also benefit longer-term habitat complexity and the persistence of species and populations that are now only remnants of once-larger and more diverse habitat networks. Common language, clear communication of goals and objectives, and spatially explicit analyses of objectives will help identify conflicts and convergences of opportunities to enable more collaborative management. We explore this integration in the context of native fisheries and wildfire, but expect the approach to be relevant in other settings as well. AU - Rieman, Bruce E. AU - Hessburg, Paul F. AU - Luce, Charles AU - Dare, Matthew R. DO - 10.1525/bio.2010.60.6.10 IS - 6 N1 - 10.1525/bio.2010.60.6.10 PY - 2010 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 460-468 ST - Wildfire and management of forests and native fishes: Conflict or opportunity for convergent solutions? T2 - BioScience TI - Wildfire and management of forests and native fishes: Conflict or opportunity for convergent solutions? VL - 60 ID - 25174 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rieman, Bruce E. AU - Isaak, Daniel AU - Adams, Susan AU - Horan, Dona AU - Nagel, David AU - Luce, Charles AU - Myers, Deborah DO - 10.1577/T07-028.1 IS - 6 PY - 2007 SN - 1548-8659 SP - 1552-1565 ST - Anticipated climate warming effects on bull trout habitats and populations across the interior Columbia River Basin T2 - Transactions of the American Fisheries Society TI - Anticipated climate warming effects on bull trout habitats and populations across the interior Columbia River Basin VL - 136 ID - 24740 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dividing the sea-level budget into contributions from ice sheets and glaciers, the water cycle, steric expansion, and crustal movement is challenging, especially on regional scales. Here, Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity observations and sea-level anomalies from altimetry are used in a joint inversion, ensuring a consistent decomposition of the global and regional sea-level rise budget. Over the years 2002–2014, we find a global mean steric trend of 1.38 ± 0.16 mm/y, compared with a total trend of 2.74 ± 0.58 mm/y. This is significantly larger than steric trends derived from in situ temperature/salinity profiles and models which range from 0.66 ± 0.2 to 0.94 ± 0.1 mm/y. Mass contributions from ice sheets and glaciers (1.37 ± 0.09 mm/y, accelerating with 0.03 ± 0.02 mm/y2) are offset by a negative hydrological component (−0.29 ± 0.26 mm/y). The combined mass rate (1.08 ± 0.3 mm/y) is smaller than previous GRACE estimates (up to 2 mm/y), but it is consistent with the sum of individual contributions (ice sheets, glaciers, and hydrology) found in literature. The altimetric sea-level budget is closed by coestimating a remaining component of 0.22 ± 0.26 mm/y. Well above average sea-level rise is found regionally near the Philippines (14.7 ± 4.39 mm/y) and Indonesia (8.3 ± 4.7 mm/y) which is dominated by steric components (11.2 ± 3.58 mm/y and 6.4 ± 3.18 mm/y, respectively). In contrast, in the central and Eastern part of the Pacific, negative steric trends (down to −2.8 ± 1.53 mm/y) are detected. Significant regional components are found, up to 5.3 ± 2.6 mm/y in the northwest Atlantic, which are likely due to ocean bottom pressure variations. AU - Rietbroek, Roelof AU - Brunnabend, Sandra-Esther AU - Kusche, Jürgen AU - Schröter, Jens AU - Dahle, Christoph DA - February 9, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1519132113 IS - 6 PY - 2016 SP - 1504-1509 ST - Revisiting the contemporary sea-level budget on global and regional scales T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Revisiting the contemporary sea-level budget on global and regional scales VL - 113 ID - 20314 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rignot, Eric AU - Koppes, Michele AU - Velicogna, Isabella DA - 03//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo765 IS - 3 PY - 2010 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 187-191 ST - Rapid submarine melting of the calving faces of West Greenland glaciers T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Rapid submarine melting of the calving faces of West Greenland glaciers VL - 3 ID - 19865 ER - TY - CONF AU - Riley, R. AU - Blanchard, P. AU - Peppler, R. AU - Bennett, T.M. Bull AU - Wildcat, D. CY - Norman, OK DA - December 12, 2011 PY - 2012 SP - 23 ST - Oklahoma Inter-Tribal Meeting on Climate Variability and Change: Meeting Summary Report TI - Oklahoma Inter-Tribal Meeting on Climate Variability and Change: Meeting Summary Report UR - http://www.southernclimate.org/publications/Oklahoma_Intertribal_Climate_Change_Meeting.pdf ID - 15170 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ringler, Claudia AU - Bhaduri, Anik AU - Lawford, Richard DA - 2013/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.11.002 IS - 6 PY - 2013 SN - 1877-3435 SP - 617-624 ST - The nexus across water, energy, land and food (WELF): Potential for improved resource use efficiency? T2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability TI - The nexus across water, energy, land and food (WELF): Potential for improved resource use efficiency? VL - 5 ID - 23254 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rinner, Claus AU - Hussain, Mushtaq DO - 10.3390/rs3061251 IS - 6 PY - 2011 SN - 2072-4292 SP - 1251-1265 ST - Toronto’s urban heat island—Exploring the relationship between land use and surface temperature T2 - Remote Sensing TI - Toronto’s urban heat island—Exploring the relationship between land use and surface temperature VL - 3 ID - 25005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rippey, Bradley R. DA - 2015/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.wace.2015.10.004 PY - 2015 SN - 2212-0947 SP - 57-64 ST - The U.S. drought of 2012 T2 - Weather and Climate Extremes TI - The U.S. drought of 2012 VL - 10 ID - 25538 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Rising Voices CY - Boulder, CO PB - University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) PY - 2014 SP - 21 ST - Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability: Bringing Together Science and Indigenous Ways of Knowing to Create Positive Solutions (Rising Voices 2 Workshop Report) TI - Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability: Bringing Together Science and Indigenous Ways of Knowing to Create Positive Solutions (Rising Voices 2 Workshop Report) UR - https://risingvoices.ucar.edu/sites/default/files/rv2_full_workshop_report_2014.pdf ID - 23924 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Rising Voices CY - Boulder, CO PB - University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) PY - 2017 SP - 21 ST - Pathways from Science to Action (Rising Voices 5 workshop report) TI - Pathways from Science to Action (Rising Voices 5 workshop report) UR - https://risingvoices.ucar.edu/sites/default/files/2017_Rising_Voices5_Report_final.pdf ID - 24968 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Risser, Mark D. AU - Wehner, Michael F. DO - 10.1002/2017GL075888 IS - 24 PY - 2017 SP - 12,457-12,464 ST - Attributable human-induced changes in the likelihood and magnitude of the observed extreme precipitation during Hurricane Harvey T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Attributable human-induced changes in the likelihood and magnitude of the observed extreme precipitation during Hurricane Harvey VL - 44 ID - 23331 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ristroph, Elizaveta Barrett DO - 10.1163/18786561-00704003 IS - 4 KW - adaptation indigenous peoples Alaska Native Villages relocation PY - 2017 SP - 259-289 ST - When climate takes a village: Legal pathways toward the relocation of Alaska native villages T2 - Climate Law TI - When climate takes a village: Legal pathways toward the relocation of Alaska native villages VL - 7 ID - 25361 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ritóková, Gabriela AU - Shaw, David AU - Filip, Greg AU - Kanaskie, Alan AU - Browning, John AU - Norlander, Danny DO - 10.3390/f7080155 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SN - 1999-4907 SP - 155 ST - Swiss needle cast in western Oregon douglas-fir plantations: 20‐Year monitoring results T2 - Forests TI - Swiss needle cast in western Oregon douglas-fir plantations: 20‐Year monitoring results VL - 7 ID - 24627 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rittenhouse, Chadwick D. AU - Rissman, Adena R. DA - 2/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.010 KW - Climate change impacts Forestry Adaptation Multiple stressors PY - 2015 SN - 0301-4797 SP - 157-167 ST - Changes in winter conditions impact forest management in north temperate forests T2 - Journal of Environmental Management TI - Changes in winter conditions impact forest management in north temperate forests VL - 149 ID - 21142 ER - TY - RPRT AU - RMA CY - Washington, DC PB - USDA Risk Management Agency PY - 2017 SP - 58 ST - The Risk Management Agency Safety Net: Market Penetration and Market Potential TI - The Risk Management Agency Safety Net: Market Penetration and Market Potential UR - https://www.rma.usda.gov/pubs/2017/portfolio/portfolio.pdf ID - 25596 ER - TY - RPRT AU - RMI CY - Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) PY - 2011 SP - 29 ST - National Climate Change Policy Framework TI - National Climate Change Policy Framework UR - https://www.sprep.org/attachments/Climate_Change/RMI_NCCP.pdf ID - 26418 ER - TY - RPRT AU - RMI CY - Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) PY - 2014 SP - 56 ST - Republic of the Marshall Islands Joint National Action Plan For Climate Change Adaptation & Disaster Risk Management 2014–2018 TI - Republic of the Marshall Islands Joint National Action Plan For Climate Change Adaptation & Disaster Risk Management 2014–2018 UR - https://pafpnet.spc.int/attachments/article/782/RMI-JNAP-CCA-DRM-2014-18.pdf ID - 26417 ER - TY - RPRT AU - RMJOC CY - Portland, OR PB - Bonneville Power Administration PY - 2011 SP - 59 ST - Climate and Hydrology Datasets for Use in the River Management Joint Operating Committee (RMJOC) Agencies’ Longer-Term Planning Studies: Part IV—Summary TI - Climate and Hydrology Datasets for Use in the River Management Joint Operating Committee (RMJOC) Agencies’ Longer-Term Planning Studies: Part IV—Summary UR - https://www.bpa.gov/p/Generation/Hydro/hydro/cc/Final_PartIV_091611.pdf ID - 26159 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Roach, M. AU - Brown, Heidi AU - Wilder, Margaret AU - Smith, G. AU - Chambers, S. AU - Patten, I. AU - Rabby, Q. CY - Tucson, AZ PB - Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS) PY - 2017 ST - Assessment of Climate and Health Impacts on Vector-Borne Diseases and Valley Fever in Arizona. Report for the Arizona Department of Health Services and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Climate-Ready States and Cities Initiative. TI - Assessment of Climate and Health Impacts on Vector-Borne Diseases and Valley Fever in Arizona. Report for the Arizona Department of Health Services and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Climate-Ready States and Cities Initiative. UR - https://www.climas.arizona.edu/publication/report/assessment-climate-and-health-impacts-vector-borne-diseases-and-valley-fever-0 ID - 23923 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Roalkvam, Carol Lee AU - Lupes, Becky PY - 2015 SN - FHWA-HEP-16-077 SP - 4 ST - FHWA Climate Resilience Pilot Program: Washington State Department of Transportation TI - FHWA Climate Resilience Pilot Program: Washington State Department of Transportation UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/pilots/2013-2015_pilots/washington/index.cfm ID - 26058 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Robbins, Paul DO - 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2004.tb00164.x IS - 2 KW - invasive species Mimosa tenuiflora Prosopis juliflora sociobiological networks PY - 2004 SN - 1931-0846 SP - 139-156 ST - Comparing invasive networks: Cultural and political biographies of invasive species T2 - Geographical Review TI - Comparing invasive networks: Cultural and political biographies of invasive species VL - 94 ID - 21632 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Robert, Amélie AU - Kummert, Michaël DA - 2012/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.12.014 KW - Climate change Building performance simulation Net-zero energy buildings Weather data PY - 2012 SN - 0360-1323 SP - 150-158 ST - Designing net-zero energy buildings for the future climate, not for the past T2 - Building and Environment TI - Designing net-zero energy buildings for the future climate, not for the past VL - 55 ID - 25653 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Strong decreases in greenhouse gas emissions are required to meet the reduction trajectory resolved within the 2015 Paris Agreement. However, even these decreases will not avert serious stress and damage to life on Earth, and additional steps are needed to boost the resilience of ecosystems, safeguard their wildlife, and protect their capacity to supply vital goods and services. We discuss how well-managed marine reserves may help marine ecosystems and people adapt to five prominent impacts of climate change: acidification, sea-level rise, intensification of storms, shifts in species distribution, and decreased productivity and oxygen availability, as well as their cumulative effects. We explore the role of managed ecosystems in mitigating climate change by promoting carbon sequestration and storage and by buffering against uncertainty in management, environmental fluctuations, directional change, and extreme events. We highlight both strengths and limitations and conclude that marine reserves are a viable low-tech, cost-effective adaptation strategy that would yield multiple cobenefits from local to global scales, improving the outlook for the environment and people into the future. AU - Roberts, Callum M. AU - O’Leary, Bethan C. AU - McCauley, Douglas J. AU - Cury, Philippe Maurice AU - Duarte, Carlos M. AU - Lubchenco, Jane AU - Pauly, Daniel AU - Sáenz-Arroyo, Andrea AU - Sumaila, Ussif Rashid AU - Wilson, Rod W. AU - Worm, Boris AU - Castilla, Juan Carlos DO - 10.1073/pnas.1701262114 IS - 24 PY - 2017 SP - 6167-6175 ST - Marine reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Marine reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change VL - 114 ID - 24897 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Roberts, Thomas C. IS - 2 PY - 1991 SP - 70-72 ST - Cheatgrass: Management implications in the 90's T2 - Rangelands TI - Cheatgrass: Management implications in the 90's UR - https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/rangelands/article/view/10998 VL - 13 ID - 25682 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The storm surge associated with Hurricane Katrina caused tremendous damage along the Gulf Coast in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. Similar damage was observed subsequent to the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004. In order to gain a better understanding of the performance of engineered structures subjected to coastal inundation due to tsunami or hurricane storm surge, the writers surveyed damage to bridges, buildings, and other coastal infrastructure subsequent to Hurricane Katrina. Numerous lessons were learned from analysis of the observed damage, and these are reported herein. A number of structures experienced significant structural damage due to storm surge and wave action. Structural members submerged during the inundation were subjected to significant hydrostatic uplift forces due to buoyancy, enhanced by trapped air pockets, and to hydrodynamic uplift forces due to wave action. Any floating or mobile object in the nearshore/onshore areas can become floating debris, affecting structures in two ways: impact and water damming. Foundation soils and foundation systems are at risk from shear- and liquefaction-induced scour, unless designed appropriately. AU - Robertson, Ian N. AU - Riggs, H. Ronald AU - Yim, Solomon C. AU - Young, Yin Lu DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2007)133:6(463) IS - 6 PY - 2007 SP - 463-483 ST - Lessons from Hurricane Katrina storm surge on bridges and buildings T2 - Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering TI - Lessons from Hurricane Katrina storm surge on bridges and buildings VL - 133 ID - 24561 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Robinet, Christelle AU - Roques, Alain DO - 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00196.x IS - 2 KW - adaptation alien species climate warming phenology range distribution PY - 2010 SN - 1749-4877 SP - 132-142 ST - Direct impacts of recent climate warming on insect populations T2 - Integrative Zoology TI - Direct impacts of recent climate warming on insect populations VL - 5 ID - 24372 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Knowledge of the mechanisms influencing phenology can provide insights into the adaptability of species to climate change. Here, we investigated the factors influencing multidecadal trends in the nesting phenology of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea at Playa Grande, Costa Rica, in the eastern Pacific Ocean and at Sandy Point, US Virgin Islands, in the western Atlantic Ocean. Between 1993 and 2013, the median nesting date (MND) at Playa Grande occurred later, at a rate of ~0.3 d yr-1. In contrast, between 1982 and 2010, the MND at Sandy Point occurred earlier, at a rate of ~0.17 d yr-1. The opposing trends in the MND of each population were not explained by variation in the multivariate El Niño-Southern Oscillation index, North Atlantic Oscillation index, or Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index; however, the MND at Playa Grande was significantly correlated with nesting population size. We propose that changes in demography, linked to the population decline at Playa Grande, and the population recovery at Sandy Point may explain the contrasting trends in MNDs. If the observed trends in MND continue into the future, the nesting season at Playa Grande will coincide with increasingly adverse conditions for hatching success, exacerbating the already detrimental effects of climate change. Alternatively, shifts in the nesting phenology may make the Atlantic populations more resilient to climate change. Our findings highlight the increasing need for conservation efforts for eastern Pacific leatherback turtles to consider climate change mitigation practices. AU - Robinson, N. J. AU - Valentine, S. E. AU - Santidrián Tomillo, P. AU - Saba, V. S. AU - Spotila, J. R. AU - Paladino, F. V. DO - 10.3354/esr00604 IS - 3 PY - 2014 SP - 197-206 ST - Multidecadal trends in the nesting phenology of Pacific and Atlantic leatherback turtles are associated with population demography T2 - Endangered Species Research TI - Multidecadal trends in the nesting phenology of Pacific and Atlantic leatherback turtles are associated with population demography VL - 24 ID - 23446 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Robison, Jason Anthony PY - 2015 SP - 243-312 ST - Wyoming’s Big Horn general stream adjudication T2 - Wyoming Law Review TI - Wyoming’s Big Horn general stream adjudication UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2543661 VL - 15 ID - 21683 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Roche, L. M. AU - Cutts, B. B. AU - Derner, J. D. AU - Lubell, M. N. AU - Tate, K. W. DA - 5// DO - 10.1016/j.rama.2015.03.011 IS - 3 KW - attitudes conditional inference regression tree analysis decision-making grazing management practices grazing system latent class analysis prescribed grazing PY - 2015 SN - 1550-7424 SP - 248-256 ST - On-ranch grazing strategies: Context for the rotational grazing dilemma T2 - Rangeland Ecology & Management TI - On-ranch grazing strategies: Context for the rotational grazing dilemma VL - 68 ID - 21603 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rochlin, Ilia AU - Faraji, Ary AU - Ninivaggi, Dominick V. AU - Barker, Christopher M. AU - Kilpatrick, A. Marm DA - 12/06/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms13604 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 13604 ST - Anthropogenic impacts on mosquito populations in North America over the past century T2 - Nature Communications TI - Anthropogenic impacts on mosquito populations in North America over the past century VL - 7 ID - 23695 ER - TY - JOUR AB -

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), is an invasive species with substantial biting activity, high disease vector potential, and a global distribution that continues to expand. New Jersey, southern New York, and Pennsylvania are currently the northernmost boundary of established Ae. albopictus populations in the eastern United States. Using positive geographic locations from these areas, we modeled the potential future range expansion of Ae. albopictus in northeastern USA under two climate change scenarios. The land area with environmental conditions suitable for Ae. albopictus populations is expected to increase from the current 5% to 16% in the next two decades and to 43%–49% by the end of the century. Presently, about one-third of the total human population of 55 million in northeastern USA reside in urban areas where Ae. albopictus is present. This number is predicted to double to about 60% by the end of the century, encompassing all major urban centers and placing over 30 million people under the threat of dense Ae. albopictus infestations. This mosquito species presents unique challenges to public health agencies and has already strained the resources available to mosquito control programs within its current range. As it continues to expand into areas with fewer resources and limited organized mosquito control, these challenges will be further exacerbated. Anticipating areas of potential establishment, while planning ahead and gathering sufficient resources will be the key for successful public health campaigns. A broad effort in community sanitation and education at all levels of government and the private sector will be required until new control techniques are developed that can be applied efficiently and effectively at reasonable cost to very large areas.

AU - Rochlin, Ilia AU - Ninivaggi, Dominick V. AU - Hutchinson, Michael L. AU - Farajollahi, Ary C6 - NCA DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0060874 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SN - 1932-6203 SP - e60874 ST - Climate change and range expansion of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in northeastern USA: Implications for public health practitioners T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Climate change and range expansion of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in northeastern USA: Implications for public health practitioners VL - 8 ID - 15188 ER - TY - WEB AU - Rockerfeller Foundation CY - New York PY - 2017 ST - 100 Resilient Cities TI - 100 Resilient Cities UR - https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/our-work/initiatives/100-resilient-cities/ ID - 21379 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Rockman, Marcy AU - Morgan, Marissa AU - Ziaja, Sonya AU - Hambrecht, George AU - Meadow, Alison CY - Washington, DC KW - Climate change Cultural PB - Cultural Resources, Partnerships, and Science and Climate Change Response Program, National Park Service PY - 2016 ST - Cultural Resources Climate Change Strategy TI - Cultural Resources Climate Change Strategy UR - https://www.nps.gov/subjects/climatechange/upload/NPS-2016_Cultural-Resoures-Climate-Change-Strategy.pdf ID - 22827 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rode, Karyn D. AU - Peacock, Elizabeth AU - Taylor, Mitchell AU - Stirling, Ian AU - Born, Erik W. AU - Laidre, Kristin L. AU - Wiig, Øystein C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10144-011-0299-9 IS - 1 PY - 2012 SN - 1438-3896, 1438-390X SP - 3-18 ST - A tale of two polar bear populations: Ice habitat, harvest, and body condition T2 - Population Ecology TI - A tale of two polar bear populations: Ice habitat, harvest, and body condition VL - 54 ID - 15191 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rodenhouse, N.L. AU - Christenson, L.M. AU - Parry, D. AU - Green, L.E. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1139/X08-160 IS - 2 PY - 2009 SN - 0045-5067 SP - 249-263 ST - Climate change effects on native fauna of northeastern forests T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research TI - Climate change effects on native fauna of northeastern forests VL - 39 ID - 15192 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rodopoulou, Sophia AU - Chalbot, Marie-Cecile AU - Samoli, Evangelia AU - DuBois, David W. AU - San Filippo, Bruce D. AU - Kavouras, Ilias G. DA - 2014/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2013.12.006 KW - Particulate matter Morbidity Hospital admissions Emergency room visits Time-series regression Rural communities PY - 2014 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 39-46 ST - Air pollution and hospital emergency room and admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Doña Ana County, New Mexico T2 - Environmental Research TI - Air pollution and hospital emergency room and admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Doña Ana County, New Mexico VL - 129 ID - 22053 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rodriguez, Antonio B. AU - Fodrie, F. Joel AU - Ridge, Justin T. AU - Lindquist, Niels L. AU - Theuerkauf, Ethan J. AU - Coleman, Sara E. AU - Grabowski, Jonathan H. AU - Brodeur, Michelle C. AU - Gittman, Rachel K. AU - Keller, Danielle A. AU - Kenworthy, Matthew D. DA - 04/28/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2216 PY - 2014 SP - 493-497 ST - Oyster reefs can outpace sea-level rise T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Oyster reefs can outpace sea-level rise VL - 4 ID - 24002 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The near-global retreat of glaciers over the last century provides some of the most iconic imagery for communicating the reality of anthropogenic climate change to the public. Surprisingly, however, there has not been a quantitative foundation for attributing the retreats to climate change, except in the global aggregate. This gap, between public perception and scientific basis, is due to uncertainties in numerical modelling and the short length of glacier mass-balance records. Here we present a method for assessing individual glacier change based on the signal-to-noise ratio, a robust metric that is insensitive to uncertainties in glacier dynamics. Using only meteorological and glacier observations, and the characteristic decadal response time of glaciers, we demonstrate that observed retreats of individual glaciers represent some of the highest signal-to-noise ratios of climate change yet documented. Therefore, in many places, the centennial-scale retreat of the local glaciers does indeed constitute categorical evidence of climate change. AU - Roe, Gerard H. AU - Baker, Marcia B. AU - Herla, Florian DA - 02//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo2863 IS - 2 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 95-99 ST - Centennial glacier retreat as categorical evidence of regional climate change T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Centennial glacier retreat as categorical evidence of regional climate change VL - 10 ID - 21581 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Roemmich, Dean AU - Church, John AU - Gilson, John AU - Monselesan, Didier AU - Sutton, Philip AU - Wijffels, Susan DA - 03//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2513 IS - 3 M3 - Letter PY - 2015 SN - 1758-678X SP - 240-245 ST - Unabated planetary warming and its ocean structure since 2006 T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Unabated planetary warming and its ocean structure since 2006 VL - 5 ID - 19974 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Roemmich, Dean AU - Johnson, Gregory C. AU - Riser, Stephen AU - Davis, Russ AU - Gilson, John AU - Owens, W. Brechner AU - Garzoli, Silvia L. AU - Schmid, Claudia AU - Ignaszewski, Mark DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2009.36 IS - 2 PY - 2009 SP - 34–43 ST - The Argo program: Observing the global ocean with profiling floats T2 - Oceanography TI - The Argo program: Observing the global ocean with profiling floats VL - 22 ID - 22054 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The 2015 Paris Agreement calls for countries to pursue efforts to limit global-mean temperature rise to 1.5 °C. The transition pathways that can meet such a target have not, however, been extensively explored. Here we describe scenarios that limit end-of-century radiative forcing to 1.9 W m−2, and consequently restrict median warming in the year 2100 to below 1.5 °C. We use six integrated assessment models and a simple climate model, under different socio-economic, technological and resource assumptions from five Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs). Some, but not all, SSPs are amenable to pathways to 1.5 °C. Successful 1.9 W m−2 scenarios are characterized by a rapid shift away from traditional fossil-fuel use towards large-scale low-carbon energy supplies, reduced energy use, and carbon-dioxide removal. However, 1.9 W m−2 scenarios could not be achieved in several models under SSPs with strong inequalities, high baseline fossil-fuel use, or scattered short-term climate policy. Further research can help policy-makers to understand the real-world implications of these scenarios. AU - Rogelj, Joeri AU - Popp, Alexander AU - Calvin, Katherine V. AU - Luderer, Gunnar AU - Emmerling, Johannes AU - Gernaat, David AU - Fujimori, Shinichiro AU - Strefler, Jessica AU - Hasegawa, Tomoko AU - Marangoni, Giacomo AU - Krey, Volker AU - Kriegler, Elmar AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - Doelman, Jonathan AU - Drouet, Laurent AU - Edmonds, Jae AU - Fricko, Oliver AU - Harmsen, Mathijs AU - Havlík, Petr AU - Humpenöder, Florian AU - Stehfest, Elke AU - Tavoni, Massimo DA - 2018/04/01 DO - 10.1038/s41558-018-0091-3 IS - 4 PY - 2018 SN - 1758-6798 SP - 325-332 ST - Scenarios towards limiting global mean temperature increase below 1.5 °C T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Scenarios towards limiting global mean temperature increase below 1.5 °C VL - 8 ID - 26122 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rogers, Alice AU - Blanchard, Julia L. AU - Mumby, Peter J. DA - 2014/05/05/ DO - 10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.026 IS - 9 PY - 2014 SN - 0960-9822 SP - 1000-1005 ST - Vulnerability of coral reef fisheries to a loss of structural complexity T2 - Current Biology TI - Vulnerability of coral reef fisheries to a loss of structural complexity VL - 24 ID - 25523 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rogers, Brendan M. AU - Jantz, Patrick AU - Goetz, Scott J. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13585 IS - 8 KW - biodiversity dispersal distribution model forecast fragmentation management migration pests and pathogens PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 3302-3320 ST - Vulnerability of eastern US tree species to climate change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Vulnerability of eastern US tree species to climate change VL - 23 ID - 23447 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rogers, C.A. AU - Wayne, P.M. AU - Macklin, E.A. AU - Muilenberg, M.L. AU - Wagner, C.J. AU - Epstein, P.R. AU - Bazzaz, F.A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.8549 IS - 6 PY - 2006 RN - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1480488/pdf/ehp0114-000865.pdf SP - 865-869 ST - Interaction of the onset of spring and elevated atmospheric CO2 on ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) pollen production T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Interaction of the onset of spring and elevated atmospheric CO2 on ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) pollen production VL - 114 ID - 15196 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A long-term study of the scleractinian coral Acropora palmata in the US Virgin Islands (USVI) showed that diseases, particularly white pox, are limiting the recovery of this threatened species. Colonies of A. palmata in Haulover Bay, within Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, were examined monthly in situ for signs of disease and other stressors from January 2003 through December 2009. During the study, 89.9 % of the colonies (n = 69) exhibited disease, including white pox (87 %), white band (13 %), and unknown (9 %). Monthly disease prevalence ranged from 0 to 57 %, and disease was the most significant cause of complete colony mortality (n = 17). A positive correlation was found between water temperature and disease prevalence, but not incidence. Annual average disease prevalence and incidence remained constant during the study. Colonies generally showed an increase in the estimated amount of total living tissue from growth, but 25 (36.2 %) of the colonies died. Acropora palmata bleached in the USVI for the first time during the 2005 Caribbean bleaching event. Only one of the 23 colonies that bleached appeared to die directly from bleaching. In 2005, corals that bleached had greater disease prevalence than those that did not bleach. Just over half (52 %) of the colonies incurred some physical damage. Monitoring of fragments (broken branches) that were generated by physical damage through June 2007 showed that 46.1 % died and 28.4 % remained alive; the fragments that attached to the substrate survived longer than those that did not. Recent surveys showed an increase in the total number of colonies within the reef area, formed from both asexual and sexual reproduction. Genotype analysis of 48 of the originally monitored corals indicated that 43 grew from sexual recruits supporting the conclusion that both asexual and sexual reproduction are contributing to an increase in colony density at this site. AU - Rogers, C. S. AU - Muller, E. M. DA - September 01 DO - 10.1007/s00338-012-0898-8 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1432-0975 SP - 807-819 ST - Bleaching, disease and recovery in the threatened scleractinian coral Acropora palmata in St. John, US Virgin Islands: 2003–2010 T2 - Coral Reefs TI - Bleaching, disease and recovery in the threatened scleractinian coral Acropora palmata in St. John, US Virgin Islands: 2003–2010 VL - 31 ID - 24898 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rogers, Laura J. AU - Moore, Laura J. AU - Goldstein, Evan B. AU - Hein, Christopher J. AU - Lorenzo-Trueba, Jorge AU - Ashton, Andrew D. DO - 10.1002/2015JF003634 IS - 12 KW - human impacts sea level rise barrier island climate change impacts lidar 1630 Impacts of global change 1824 Geomorphology: general 1803 Anthropogenic effects 4217 Coastal processes 4558 Sediment transport PY - 2015 SN - 2169-9011 SP - 2609-2624 ST - Anthropogenic controls on overwash deposition: Evidence and consequences T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface TI - Anthropogenic controls on overwash deposition: Evidence and consequences VL - 120 ID - 21715 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Rogoff, Peter CY - Washington, DC PB - Federal Transit Administration PY - 2013 SP - 4 ST - Statement of the Honorable Peter Rogoff, Federal Transit Administrator, Before the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Banking Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development U.S. Senate Hearing on Hurricane Sandy, September 18, 2013. TI - Statement of the Honorable Peter Rogoff, Federal Transit Administrator, Before the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Banking Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development U.S. Senate Hearing on Hurricane Sandy, September 18, 2013. UR - https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/Sandy_Banking_Hearing_0918_FINAL_ORAL_TRANSCRIPT_%283%29.pdf ID - 26057 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rojas-Downing, M. Melissa AU - Nejadhashemi, A. Pouyan AU - Harrigan, Timothy AU - Woznicki, Sean A. DA - 2017/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2017.02.001 KW - Livestock Climate change Heat stress Greenhouse gas Adaptation Mitigation PY - 2017 SN - 2212-0963 SP - 145-163 ST - Climate change and livestock: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation T2 - Climate Risk Management TI - Climate change and livestock: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation VL - 16 ID - 23574 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ongoing shifts in the species composition of Eastern US forests necessitate the development of frameworks to explore how species-specific water-use strategies influence ecosystem-scale carbon (C) cycling during drought. Here, we develop a diagnostic framework to classify plant drought-response strategies along a continuum of isohydric to anisohydric regulation of leaf water potential (Ψ L). The framework is applied to a 3-year record of weekly leaf-level gas exchange and Ψ measurements collected in the Morgan-Monroe State Forest (Indiana, USA), where continuous observations of the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) have been ongoing since 1999. A severe drought that occurred in the middle of the study period reduced the absolute magnitude of NEE by 55 %, though species-specific responses to drought conditions varied. Oak species were characterized by anisohydric regulation of Ψ L that promoted static gas exchange throughout the study period. In contrast, Ψ L of the other canopy dominant species was more isohydric, which limited gas exchange during the drought. Ecosystem-scale estimates of NEE and gross ecosystem productivity derived by upscaling the leaf-level data agreed well with tower-based observations, and highlight how the fraction of isohydric and anisohydric species in forests can mediate net ecosystem C balance. AU - Roman, D. T. AU - Novick, K. A. AU - Brzostek, E. R. AU - Dragoni, D. AU - Rahman, F. AU - Phillips, R. P. DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s00442-015-3380-9 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1432-1939 SP - 641-654 ST - The role of isohydric and anisohydric species in determining ecosystem-scale response to severe drought T2 - Oecologia TI - The role of isohydric and anisohydric species in determining ecosystem-scale response to severe drought VL - 179 ID - 21954 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The permafrost monitoring network in the polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere was enhanced during the International Polar Year (IPY), and new information on permafrost thermal state was collected for regions where there was little available. This augmented monitoring network is an important legacy of the IPY, as is the updated baseline of current permafrost conditions against which future changes may be measured. Within the Northern Hemisphere polar region, ground temperatures are currently being measured in about 575 boreholes in North America, the Nordic region and Russia. These show that in the discontinuous permafrost zone, permafrost temperatures fall within a narrow range, with the mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) at most sites being higher than −2°C. A greater range in MAGT is present within the continuous permafrost zone, from above −1°C at some locations to as low as −15°C. The latest results indicate that the permafrost warming which started two to three decades ago has generally continued into the IPY period. Warming rates are much smaller for permafrost already at temperatures close to 0°C compared with colder permafrost, especially for ice-rich permafrost where latent heat effects dominate the ground thermal regime. Colder permafrost sites are warming more rapidly. This improved knowledge about the permafrost thermal state and its dynamics is important for multidisciplinary polar research, but also for many of the 4 million people living in the Arctic. In particular, this knowledge is required for designing effective adaptation strategies for the local communities under warmer climatic conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. AU - Romanovsky, V. E. AU - Smith, Sharon L. AU - Christiansen, Hanne H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1002/ppp.689 IS - 2 KW - permafrost;; ground temperature regime;; climate change;; permafrost thaw;; active layer;; International Polar Year;; Arctic regions PY - 2010 SN - 10456740, 10991530 SP - 106-116 ST - Permafrost thermal state in the polar Northern Hemisphere during the international polar year 2007-2009: A synthesis T2 - Permafrost and Periglacial Processes TI - Permafrost thermal state in the polar Northern Hemisphere during the international polar year 2007-2009: A synthesis VL - 21 ID - 15204 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Romanovsky, V. E. AU - Smith, S. L. AU - Isaksen, K. AU - Shiklomanov, N. I. AU - Streletskiy, D. A. AU - Kholodov, A. L. AU - Christiansen, H. H. AU - Drozdov, D. S. AU - Malkova, G. V. AU - Marchenko, S. S. DO - 10.1175/2016BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SN - 0003-0007 SP - S149-S152 ST - [The Arctic] Terrestrial permafrost [in “State of the Climate in 2015”] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - [The Arctic] Terrestrial permafrost [in “State of the Climate in 2015”] VL - 97 ID - 20374 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Independent lines of research on urbanization, urban areas, and carbon have advanced our understanding of some of the processes through which energy and land uses affect carbon. This synthesis integrates some of these diverse viewpoints as a first step toward a coproduced, integrated framework for understanding urbanization, urban areas, and their relationships to carbon. It suggests the need for approaches that complement and combine the plethora of existing insights into interdisciplinary explorations of how different urbanization processes, and socio-ecological and technological components of urban areas, affect the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions, differentially over time and within and across cities. It also calls for a more holistic approach to examining the carbon implications of urbanization and urban areas, based not only on demographics or income but also on other interconnected features of urban development pathways such as urban form, economic function, economic-growth policies, and other governance arrangements. It points to a wide array of uncertainties around the urbanization processes, their interactions with urban socio-institutional and built environment systems, and how these impact the exchange of carbon flows within and outside urban areas. We must also understand in turn how carbon feedbacks, including carbon impacts and potential impacts of climate change, can affect urbanization processes. Finally, the paper explores options, barriers, and limits to transitioning cities to low-carbon trajectories, and suggests the development of an end-to-end, coproduced and integrated scientific understanding that can more effectively inform the navigation of transitional journeys and the avoidance of obstacles along the way. AU - Romero-Lankao, P. AU - Gurney, K. R. AU - Seto, K. C. AU - Chester, M. AU - Duren, R. M. AU - Hughes, S. AU - Hutyra, L. R. AU - Marcotullio, P. AU - Baker, L. AU - Grimm, N. B. AU - Kennedy, C. AU - Larson, E. AU - Pincetl, S. AU - Runfola, D. AU - Sanchez, L. AU - Shrestha, G. AU - Feddema, J. AU - Sarzynski, A. AU - Sperling, J. AU - Stokes, E. DA - Oct DO - 10.1002/2014ef000258 IS - 10 KW - Urban carbon cycle Urbanization Mitigation PY - 2014 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 515-532 ST - A critical knowledge pathway to low-carbon, sustainable futures: Integrated understanding of urbanization, urban areas, and carbon T2 - Earth's Future TI - A critical knowledge pathway to low-carbon, sustainable futures: Integrated understanding of urbanization, urban areas, and carbon VL - 2 ID - 22829 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Romero-Lankao, Patricia AU - McPhearson, Timon AU - Davidson, Debra J. DA - 04/05/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3260 PY - 2017 SP - 233-235 ST - The food-energy-water nexus and urban complexity T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - The food-energy-water nexus and urban complexity VL - 7 ID - 25625 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study addresses gaps in understanding the relative roles of sea-level change, coastal geomorphology and sediment availability in driving beach erosion at the scale of individual beaches. Patterns of historical shoreline change for spatial relationships to geomorphology and for temporal relationships to late-Holocene and modern sea-level change are examined. The study area shoreline on the north-east coast of Oahu, Hawaii, is characterized by a series of kilometres-long beaches with repeated headland-embayed morphology fronted by a carbonate fringing reef. The beaches are the seaward edge of a carbonate sand-rich coastal strand plain, a common morphological setting in tectonically-stable tropical island coasts. Multiple lines of geological evidence indicate that the strand plain prograded atop a fringing reef platform during a period of late Holocene sea-level fall. Analysis of historical shoreline changes indicates an overall trend of erosion (shoreline recession) along headland sections of beach and an overall trend of stable to accreting beaches along adjoining embayed sections. Eighty eight percent of headland beaches eroded over the past century at an average rate of -0.12 ± 0.03 m/yr. In contrast, 56% of embayed beaches accreted at an average rate of 0.04 ± 0.03 m/yr. Given over a century of global (and local) sea-level rise, the data indicates that embayed beaches are showing remarkable resiliency. The pattern of headland beach erosion and stable to accreting embayments suggests a shift from accretion to erosion particular to the headland beaches with the initiation of modern sea-level rise. These results emphasize the need to account for localized variations in beach erosion related to geomorphology and alongshore sediment transport in attempting to forecast future shoreline change under increasing sea-level rise. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. AU - Romine, Bradley M. AU - Fletcher, Charles H. AU - Frazer, L. Neil AU - Anderson, Tiffany R. DA - 2016/01/01/ DO - 10.1111/sed.12264 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 5 KW - Hawaii Sea level Oahu Adaptation coastal sea-level erosion Beach shoreline LA - en PY - 2016 SN - 1365-3091 SP - 1321-1332 ST - Beach erosion under rising sea-level modulated by coastal geomorphology and sediment availability on carbonate reef-fringed island coasts T2 - Sedimentology TI - Beach erosion under rising sea-level modulated by coastal geomorphology and sediment availability on carbonate reef-fringed island coasts VL - 63 Y2 - 2016/02/27/01:28:33 ID - 22507 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rood, S.B. AU - Pan, J. AU - Gill, K.M. AU - Franks, C.G. AU - Samuelson, G.M. AU - Shepherd, A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.012 IS - 3-4 PY - 2008 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 397-410 ST - Declining summer flows of Rocky Mountain rivers: Changing seasonal hydrology and probable impacts on floodplain forests T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Declining summer flows of Rocky Mountain rivers: Changing seasonal hydrology and probable impacts on floodplain forests VL - 349 ID - 15209 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rosales, Jon AU - Chapman, Jessica DO - 10.3390/cli3040812 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SN - 2225-1154 SP - 812 ST - Perceptions of obvious and disruptive climate change: Community-based risk assessment for two native villages in Alaska T2 - Climate TI - Perceptions of obvious and disruptive climate change: Community-based risk assessment for two native villages in Alaska VL - 3 ID - 25362 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rose, Steven K. AU - Diaz, Delavane B. AU - Blanford, Geoffrey J. DO - 10.1142/s2010007817500099 IS - 02 PY - 2017 SP - 1750009 ST - Understanding the social cost of carbon: A model diagnostic and inter-comparison study T2 - Climate Change Economics TI - Understanding the social cost of carbon: A model diagnostic and inter-comparison study VL - 08 ID - 24467 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Rosen, Yereth DA - February 19 PY - 2017 ST - Eklutna Glacier, a source of Anchorage drinking water, is disappearing drip by drip T2 - Anchorage Daily News TI - Eklutna Glacier, a source of Anchorage drinking water, is disappearing drip by drip UR - https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/environment/2017/02/19/eklutna-glacier-source-of-anchorages-water-is-dripping-away-but-oh-so-slowly/ ID - 25854 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to simultaneously alter many of the abiotic qualities of ecosystems as well as biotic interactions, especially trophic interactions. However, research to date has mostly focused on elucidating the effects of single climate change variables on individual species. Here, we use established meta-analysis techniques to synthesize the existing literature on the interactive effects of multiple climate change variables on trophic interactions. AU - Rosenblatt, Adam E. AU - Schmitz, Oswald J. DA - December 01 DO - 10.1186/s40665-014-0008-y IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 2053-7565 SP - 8 ST - Interactive effects of multiple climate change variables on trophic interactions: A meta-analysis T2 - Climate Change Responses TI - Interactive effects of multiple climate change variables on trophic interactions: A meta-analysis VL - 1 ID - 26167 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rosenblatt, Adam E. AU - Smith-Ramesh, Lauren M. AU - Schmitz, Oswald J. DA - 2017/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.fooweb.2016.10.002 KW - Additive Antagonism Carnivore Drought Herbivore Plant PY - 2017 SN - 2352-2496 SP - 98-108 ST - Interactive effects of multiple climate change variables on food web dynamics: Modeling the effects of changing temperature, CO2, and water availability on a tri-trophic food web T2 - Food Webs TI - Interactive effects of multiple climate change variables on food web dynamics: Modeling the effects of changing temperature, CO2, and water availability on a tri-trophic food web VL - 13 ID - 23448 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Sanderson, Eric W. A2 - Solecki, William D. A2 - Waldman, John R. A2 - Parris, Adam S. AU - Rosenzweig, Bernice AU - Gordon, Arnold L. AU - Marra, John AU - Chant, Robert AU - Zappa, Christopher .J. AU - Parris, Adam S. C4 - a2e551a3-3ba9-426e-9d1a-b77199c39c03 CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2016 SE - 7 SN - 1610917332 978-1610917339 SP - 141-166 ST - Resilience indicators and monitoring: An example of climate change resiliency indicators for Jamaica Bay T2 - Prospects for Resilience: Insights from New York City's Jamaica Bay TI - Resilience indicators and monitoring: An example of climate change resiliency indicators for Jamaica Bay ID - 26232 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The aims of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) are to provide a framework for the intercomparison of global and regional-scale risk models within and across multiple sectors and to enable coordinated multi-sectoral assessments of different risks and their aggregated effects. The overarching goal is to use the knowledge gained to support adaptation and mitigation decisions that require regional or global perspectives within the context of facilitating transformations to enable sustainable development, despite inevitable climate shifts and disruptions. ISIMIP uses community-agreed sets of scenarios with standardized climate variables and socio-economic projections as inputs for projecting future risks and associated uncertainties, within and across sectors. The results are consistent multi-model assessments of sectoral risks and opportunities that enable studies that integrate across sectors, providing support for implementation of the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Arnell, Nigel W. AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Lotze-Campen, Hermann AU - Raes, Frank AU - Rapley, Chris AU - Smith, Mark Stafford AU - Cramer, Wolfgang AU - Frieler, Katja AU - Reyer, Christopher P. O. AU - Schewe, Jacob AU - van Vuuren, Detlef AU - Warszawski, Lila DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/12/1/010301 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 010301 ST - Assessing inter-sectoral climate change risks: The role of ISIMIP T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Assessing inter-sectoral climate change risks: The role of ISIMIP VL - 12 ID - 21406 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Here we present the results from an intercomparison of multiple global gridded crop models (GGCMs) within the framework of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project and the Inter-Sectoral Impacts Model Intercomparison Project. Results indicate strong negative effects of climate change, especially at higher levels of warming and at low latitudes; models that include explicit nitrogen stress project more severe impacts. Across seven GGCMs, five global climate models, and four representative concentration pathways, model agreement on direction of yield changes is found in many major agricultural regions at both low and high latitudes; however, reducing uncertainty in sign of response in mid-latitude regions remains a challenge. Uncertainties related to the representation of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and high temperature effects demonstrated here show that further research is urgently needed to better understand effects of climate change on agricultural production and to devise targeted adaptation strategies. AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Elliott, Joshua AU - Deryng, Delphine AU - Ruane, Alex C. AU - Müller, Christoph AU - Arneth, Almut AU - Boote, Kenneth J. AU - Folberth, Christian AU - Glotter, Michael AU - Khabarov, Nikolay AU - Neumann, Kathleen AU - Piontek, Franziska AU - Pugh, Thomas A. M. AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Stehfest, Elke AU - Yang, Hong AU - Jones, James W. DA - March 4, 2014 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1222463110 IS - 9 PY - 2014 SP - 3268-3273 ST - Assessing agricultural risks of climate change in the 21st century in a global gridded crop model intercomparison T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Assessing agricultural risks of climate change in the 21st century in a global gridded crop model intercomparison VL - 111 ID - 19789 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Jones, Jim W AU - Antle, John AU - Hatfield, jerry AU - Ruane, Alex AU - McDermid, Sonali AU - Boote, Ken AU - Thorburn, Peter AU - Descheemaeker, Katrien AU - Valdivia, Roberto AU - Porter, Cheryl AU - Janssen, Sander AU - Bartels, Wendy-Lin AU - Sullivan, Amy AU - Mutter, Carolyn CY - New York, NY PB - Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) PY - 2016 SP - 65 ST - Protocols for AgMIP Regional Integrated Assessments, Version 6.1 TI - Protocols for AgMIP Regional Integrated Assessments, Version 6.1 UR - http://www.agmip.org/regional-integrated-assessments-handbook/ ID - 22633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Solecki, William DA - 2014/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.05.003 KW - Adaptation pathways Cities Climate change Resilience Transformation PY - 2014 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 395-408 ST - Hurricane Sandy and adaptation pathways in New York: Lessons from a first-responder city T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Hurricane Sandy and adaptation pathways in New York: Lessons from a first-responder city VL - 28 ID - 25285 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Solecki, William DO - 10.1111/nyas.12625 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - 3-5 ST - New York City Panel on Climate Change 2015 Report Introduction T2 - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences TI - New York City Panel on Climate Change 2015 Report Introduction VL - 1336 ID - 26231 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Solecki, William AU - DeGaetano, Arthur AU - O'Grady, Megan AU - Hassol, Susan AU - Grabhorn, Paul CY - Albany, NY NV - NYSERDA Report 11-18 PB - New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) PY - 2011 SP - 149 ST - Responding to Climate Change in New York State: The ClimAID Integrated Assessment for Effective Climate Change Adaptation TI - Responding to Climate Change in New York State: The ClimAID Integrated Assessment for Effective Climate Change Adaptation UR - https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/climaid ID - 24525 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Rosenzweig, C. AU - Solecki, W. AU - Romero-Lankao, P. AU - Mehrotra, S. AU - Dhakal, S. AU - Bowman, T. AU - Ali Ibrahim, S. CY - New York KW - added by ERG PB - Urban Climate Change Research Network, Columbia University PY - 2015 ST - ARC3.2 Summary for City Leaders TI - ARC3.2 Summary for City Leaders UR - http://uccrn.org/arc3-2/ ID - 22907 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Solecki, William D. AU - Romeo-Lankao, Patricia AU - Mehrotra, Shagun AU - Dhakal, Shobhakar AU - Ibrahim, Somayya Ali PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2018 SN - 9781316603338 SP - 350 ST - Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network TI - Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network ID - 21380 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rosenzweig, C. AU - Tubiello, F.N. AU - Goldberg, R. AU - Mills, E. AU - Bloomfield, J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00008-0 PY - 2002 SP - 197-202 ST - Increased crop damage in the US from excess precipitation under climate change T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Increased crop damage in the US from excess precipitation under climate change VL - 12 ID - 15226 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Climate change poses a major public health threat. A survey of U.S. local health department directors in 2008 found widespread recognition of the threat, but limited adaptive capacity, due to perceived lack of expertise and other resources. Methods We assessed changes between 2008 and 2012 in local public health departments' preparedness for the public health threats of climate change, in light of increasing national polarization on the issue, and widespread funding cutbacks for public health. A geographically representative online survey of directors of local public health departments was conducted in 2011–2012 (N = 174; response rate = 50%), and compared to the 2008 telephone survey results (N = 133; response rate = 61%). Results Significant polarization had occurred: more respondents in 2012 were certain that the threat of local climate change impacts does/does not exist, and fewer were unsure. Roughly 10% said it is not a threat, compared to 1% in 2008. Adaptation capacity decreased in several areas: perceived departmental expertise in climate change risk assessment; departmental prioritization of adaptation; and the number of adaptation-related programs and services departments provided. In 2008, directors' perceptions of local impacts predicted the number of adaptation-related programs and services their departments offered, but in 2012, funding predicted programming and directors' impact perceptions did not. This suggests that budgets were constraining directors' ability to respond to local climate change-related health threats. Results also suggest that departmental expertise may mitigate funding constraints. Strategies for overcoming these obstacles to local public health departments' preparations for climate change are discussed. AU - Roser-Renouf, Connie AU - Maibach, Edward W. AU - Li, Jennifer DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0151558 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SP - e0151558 ST - Adapting to the changing climate: An assessment of local health department preparations for climate change-related health threats, 2008-2012 T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Adapting to the changing climate: An assessment of local health department preparations for climate change-related health threats, 2008-2012 VL - 11 ID - 24080 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Rosinski, Anne AU - Walsh, William AU - Oliver, Thomas A. AU - Williams, Ivor AU - Gove, Jamison AU - Gorospe, Kelvin AU - Birkeland, Charles AU - White, Darla AU - Conklin, Eric CY - Honolulu, HI DA - 2017 M3 - Prepared for State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources PB - University of Hawaii, Coral Bleaching Recovery Steering Committee PY - 2017 SP - 47 ST - Coral Bleaching Recovery Plan: Identifying Management Responses to Promote Coral Recovery in Hawaiʻi TI - Coral Bleaching Recovery Plan: Identifying Management Responses to Promote Coral Recovery in Hawaiʻi UR - http://dlnr.hawaii.gov/reefresponse/current-rapid-responses/coral-bleaching-recovery-plan/ ID - 22508 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Traditional approaches to flood management in a nonstationary world begin with a null hypothesis test of “no trend” and its likelihood, with little or no attention given to the likelihood that we might ignore a trend if it really existed. Concluding a trend exists when it does not, or rejecting a trend when it exists are known as type I and type II errors, respectively. Decision‐makers are poorly served by statistical and/or decision methods that do not carefully consider both over‐ and under‐preparation errors, respectively. Similarly, little attention is given to how to integrate uncertainty in our ability to detect trends into a flood management decision context. We show how trend hypothesis test results can be combined with an adaptation's infrastructure costs and damages avoided to provide a rational decision approach in a nonstationary world. The criterion of expected regret is shown to be a useful metric that integrates the statistical, economic, and hydrological aspects of the flood management problem in a nonstationary world. AU - Rosner, Ana AU - Vogel, Richard M. AU - Kirshen, Paul H. DO - 10.1002/2013WR014561 IS - 3 PY - 2014 SP - 1928-1942 ST - A risk‐based approach to flood management decisions in a nonstationary world T2 - Water Resources Research TI - A risk‐based approach to flood management decisions in a nonstationary world VL - 50 ID - 25383 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Managing for species using current weather patterns fails to incorporate the uncertainty associated with future climatic conditions; without incorporating potential changes in climate into conservation strategies, management and conservation efforts may fall short or waste valuable resources. Understanding the effects of climate change on species in the Great Plains of North America is especially important, as this region is projected to experience an increased magnitude of climate change. Of particular ecological and conservation interest is the lesser prairie‐chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), which was listed as “threatened” under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in May 2014. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify the effects of extreme climatic events (extreme values of the Palmer Drought Severity Index [PDSI]) relative to intermediate (changes in El Niño Southern Oscillation) and long‐term climate variability (changes in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation) on trends in lesser prairie‐chicken abundance from 1981 to 2014. Our results indicate that lesser prairie‐chicken abundance on leks responded to environmental conditions of the year previous by positively responding to wet springs (high PDSI) and negatively to years with hot, dry summers (low PDSI), but had little response to variation in the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Additionally, greater variation in abundance on leks was explained by variation in site relative to broad‐scale climatic indices. Consequently, lesser prairie‐chicken abundance on leks in Kansas is more strongly influenced by extreme drought events during summer than other climatic conditions, which may have negative consequences for the population as drought conditions intensify throughout the Great Plains. AU - Ross, Beth E. AU - Haukos, David AU - Hagen, Christian AU - Pitman, James DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1323 IS - 6 PY - 2016 SP - e01323 ST - The relative contribution of climate to changes in lesser prairie‐chicken abundance T2 - Ecosphere TI - The relative contribution of climate to changes in lesser prairie‐chicken abundance VL - 7 ID - 25780 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ross, Michelle E. AU - Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana M. AU - Kopp, Robert E. AU - Song, Lihai AU - Goldfarb, David S. AU - Pulido, Jose AU - Warner, Steven AU - Furth, Susan L. AU - Tasian, Gregory E. DA - 2018/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.020 KW - Temperature Kidney stone presentations Nephrolithiasis Humidity Prediction PY - 2018 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 97-105 ST - Assessment of the combination of temperature and relative humidity on kidney stone presentations T2 - Environmental Research TI - Assessment of the combination of temperature and relative humidity on kidney stone presentations VL - 162 ID - 25314 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Ross Strategic CY - Washington, DC PB - Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies PY - 2016 SP - 19 ST - International Water and Climate Forum, 2015. Synthesis Report TI - International Water and Climate Forum, 2015. Synthesis Report UR - http://www.waterclimateforum.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/WaterClimateForumSynthesisReport_04Mar2016.pdf ID - 24414 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper investigates how the role of climate in tourist destination choice has changed over the last 15 years. To this end, a demand model for international tourism is estimated, including the main classic determinants but allowing a time-varying climatic sensitivity of tourists. Moreover, a complete database considering international tourism movement between 178 countries for the period 1995 to 2010 is used. Results show how turning point temperatures in origin and destination countries have changed over the period of analysis, evidencing a loss of competitiveness for traditional warm destinations. Additionally, using data for the projected growth of Gross Domestic Product per capita and climatic conditions within A2, B1 and B2 scenarios, an updated vision of their expected impact on international tourism flows is assessed, evaluating how climate change would imply a greater loss of attractiveness for traditional warm destinations around the world but would increase attractiveness for high latitude countries. AU - Rosselló, Jaume AU - Santana-Gallego, Maria DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1086-3 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 119-132 ST - Recent trends in international tourist climate preferences: A revised picture for climatic change scenarios T2 - Climatic Change TI - Recent trends in international tourist climate preferences: A revised picture for climatic change scenarios VL - 124 ID - 21619 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rosser, Ezra IS - 1 PY - 2006 SP - 33-93 ST - Rural housing and code enforcement: Navigating between values and housing types T2 - Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law & Policy TI - Rural housing and code enforcement: Navigating between values and housing types UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=842584 VL - 13 ID - 23637 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Roth, Marcie DA - 2018/03/04 DO - 10.1080/00963402.2018.1436808 IS - 2 PY - 2018 SN - 0096-3402 SP - 91-94 ST - A resilient community is one that includes and protects everyone T2 - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists TI - A resilient community is one that includes and protects everyone VL - 74 ID - 26110 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rotzoll, Kolja AU - Fletcher, Charles H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/nclimate1725 IS - 5 M3 - Letter PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X SP - 477-481 ST - Assessment of groundwater inundation as a consequence of sea-level rise T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Assessment of groundwater inundation as a consequence of sea-level rise VL - 3 ID - 15233 ER - TY - JOUR AB - From installing culverts with larger safety margins to instituting more frequent training for weather emergencies, transportation agencies around the world are adapting to extreme weather and climate change. An understanding of when and how to adapt (i.e., improve infrastructure preparedness) requires evaluating existing and future vulnerabilities to climate change and prioritizing adaptation efforts. A successful vulnerability assessment lays the groundwork for adaptation by building stakeholder relationships, spurring data collection, and prioritizing needs. One barrier faced by transportation agencies in conducting vulnerability assessments is a lack of financial and staff resources. The process of collecting climate and asset data can be particularly onerous for agencies struggling to meet daily operational needs. Two recent projects piloted a cost-effective screening method for highly vulnerable assets that used indicators developed from data already being collected by many state departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations. The indicator that libraries developed during the course of these two studies is described. The results of the data-driven vulnerability screen provide transportation managers with a low-cost starting point toward understanding their system's vulnerabilities. Future research should focus on testing the indicators to identify and eliminate areas of overlap and on evaluating the prediction accuracy for exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. AU - Rowan, Emily AU - Snow, Cassandra AU - Choate, Anne AU - Rodehorst, Beth AU - Asam, Susan AU - Hyman, Robert AU - Kafalenos, Robert AU - Gye, Aung DO - 10.3141/2459-03 PY - 2014 SP - 18-28 ST - Indicator approach for assessing climate change vulnerability in transportation infrastructure T2 - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board TI - Indicator approach for assessing climate change vulnerability in transportation infrastructure VL - 2459 ID - 26038 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Resurveys of historical collecting localities have revealed range shifts, primarily leading edge expansions, which have been attributed to global warming. However, there have been few spatially replicated community-scale resurveys testing whether species' responses are spatially consistent. Here we repeated early twentieth century surveys of small mammals along elevational gradients in northern, central and southern regions of montane California. Of the 34 species we analysed, 25 shifted their ranges upslope or downslope in at least one region. However, two-thirds of ranges in the three regions remained stable at one or both elevational limits and none of the 22 species found in all three regions shifted both their upper and lower limits in the same direction in all regions. When shifts occurred, high-elevation species typically contracted their lower limits upslope, whereas low-elevation species had heterogeneous responses. For high-elevation species, site-specific change in temperature better predicted the direction of shifts than change in precipitation, whereas the direction of shifts by low-elevation species was unpredictable by temperature or precipitation. While our results support previous findings of primarily upslope shifts in montane species, they also highlight the degree to which the responses of individual species vary across geographically replicated landscapes. AU - Rowe, Kevin C. AU - Rowe, Karen M. C. AU - Tingley, Morgan W. AU - Koo, Michelle S. AU - Patton, James L. AU - Conroy, Chris J. AU - Perrine, John D. AU - Beissinger, Steven R. AU - Moritz, Craig DO - 10.1098/rspb.2014.1857 IS - 1799 PY - 2015 SP - 20141857 ST - Spatially heterogeneous impact of climate change on small mammals of montane California T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Spatially heterogeneous impact of climate change on small mammals of montane California VL - 282 ID - 25681 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Royster, Judith V. C1 - Full publication date: SUMMER 2013 IS - 2 PY - 2013 SN - 10476857, 19429908 SP - 197-219 ST - Climate change and tribal water rights: Removing barriers to adaptation strategies T2 - Tulane Environmental Law Journal TI - Climate change and tribal water rights: Removing barriers to adaptation strategies UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/24673666 VL - 26 ID - 26002 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Water scarcity, energy consumption, and air temperature regulation are three critical resource and environmental challenges linked to urban population growth. While appliance efficiency continues to increase, today’s homes are larger and residents are using more energy-consuming devices. Recent research has often described the energy–water nexus as a “tradeoff” between energy and water due to reduced temperatures resulting from irrigated vegetation. Accordingly, some arid cities have implemented landscape-conversion programs that encourage homeowners to convert their yards from grass (mesic) to drought-tolerant (xeric) landscapes to help conserve water resources. We investigated these relationships in Phoenix, Arizona by examining energy and water data for the summer months of June–September 2005 while temperature variability was analyzed from a local heat wave. Results show parallel consumption patterns with energy and water use strongly correlated and newer homes using more of both. The counterintuitive findings show that “drought-resistant” models may not be beneficial for community health, environment, or economics and that this issue is further complicated by socio-economic variables. AU - Ruddell, Darren M. AU - Dixon, P. Grady DA - September 01 DO - 10.1007/s00484-013-0743-y IS - 7 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1432-1254 SP - 1421-1431 ST - The energy–water nexus: Are there tradeoffs between residential energy and water consumption in arid cities? T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology TI - The energy–water nexus: Are there tradeoffs between residential energy and water consumption in arid cities? VL - 58 ID - 23849 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rudnick, Daran AU - Irmak, Suat AU - Ferguson, Richard AU - Shaver, Tim AU - Djaman, Koffi AU - Slater, Glen AU - Bereuter, Aaron AU - Ward, Nicholas AU - Francis, Dennis AU - Schmer, Marty AU - Wienhold, Brian AU - Donk, Simon Van DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001023 IS - 6 PY - 2016 SP - 04016017 ST - Economic return versus crop water productivity of maize for various nitrogen rates under full irrigation, limited irrigation, and rainfed settings in south central Nebraska T2 - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering TI - Economic return versus crop water productivity of maize for various nitrogen rates under full irrigation, limited irrigation, and rainfed settings in south central Nebraska VL - 142 ID - 25536 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Rudolph, Linda AU - Caplan, Julia AU - Ben-Moshe, Karen AU - Dillon, Lianne CY - Washington, DC and Oakland, CA PB - American Public Health Association and Public Health Institute PY - 2013 SP - 164 ST - Health in All Policies: A Guide for State and Local Government TI - Health in All Policies: A Guide for State and Local Government UR - http://www.phi.org/resources/?resource=hiapguide ID - 23922 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Rudolph, Linda AU - Gould, Solange AU - Berko, Jeffrey CY - Oakland, CA PB - Public Health Institute PY - 2015 SP - 56 ST - Climate Change, Health, and Equity: Opportunities For Action TI - Climate Change, Health, and Equity: Opportunities For Action UR - http://www.phi.org/uploads/application/files/h7fjouo1i38v3tu427p9s9kcmhs3oxsi7tsg1fovh3yesd5hxu.pdf ID - 24101 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ruisi, Paolo AU - Saia, Sergio AU - Badagliacca, Giuseppe AU - Amato, Gaetano AU - Frenda, Alfonso Salvatore AU - Giambalvo, Dario AU - Di Miceli, Giuseppe DA - 2016/03/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.02.009 KW - No tillage Conventional tillage NUE NUpE NUtE N-fertilizer recovery Mediterranean environment PY - 2016 SN - 0378-4290 SP - 51-58 ST - Long-term effects of no tillage treatment on soil N availability, N uptake, and 15N-fertilizer recovery of durum wheat differ in relation to crop sequence T2 - Field Crops Research TI - Long-term effects of no tillage treatment on soil N availability, N uptake, and 15N-fertilizer recovery of durum wheat differ in relation to crop sequence VL - 189 ID - 25537 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ruiz-Ramos, Mónica AU - Ortiz-Colón, Guillermo IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - 43-51 ST - El Huracán María y su efecto sobre la industria lechera de Puerto Rico T2 - SEA del Oeste TI - El Huracán María y su efecto sobre la industria lechera de Puerto Rico UR - https://www.uprm.edu/sea/mdocs-posts/sea-del-oeste-2018-vol-1/ VL - 2018 ID - 26433 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The planktonic copepod, Calanus finmarchicus, resides at the southern edge of its subarctic range in the Gulf of Maine (GoM). Here we investigate the population response of C. finmarchicus to record warming in the GoM in 2012. Demographic data from two time series stations and a plankton survey conducted in early autumn 2012 show that C. finmarchicus did not produce an autumn generation as predicted, despite warm summer and overwintering temperatures. On the contrary, we observed high abundances of the overwintering stage CV in the western GoM and a new cohort in early spring 2013 likely originating from egg production during a winter phytoplankton bloom. This spring cohort was the most abundant ever recorded in the 8-year time series. To account for these observations, we hypothesize that production of females originating from the eastern GoM and Scotian Shelf, combined with growth of copepodid stages in the Maine Coastal Current and local egg production, are the primary sources of supply maintaining high abundances in Wilkinson Basin, the primary repository of C. finmarchicus in the western GoM. Predicting fluctuations in abundance or circumstances for disappearance of C. finmarchicus in the northwest Atlantic will need models that address the roles of local production and advection. AU - Runge, Jeffrey A. AU - Ji, Rubao AU - Thompson, Cameron R. S. AU - Record, Nicholas R. AU - Chen, Changsheng AU - Vandemark, Douglas C. AU - Salisbury, Joseph E. AU - Maps, Frederic DO - 10.1093/plankt/fbu098 IS - 1 N1 - 10.1093/plankt/fbu098 PY - 2015 SN - 0142-7873 SP - 221-232 ST - Persistence of Calanus finmarchicus in the western Gulf of Maine during recent extreme warming T2 - Journal of Plankton Research TI - Persistence of Calanus finmarchicus in the western Gulf of Maine during recent extreme warming VL - 37 ID - 21714 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Adaptation to a changing climate is unavoidable. Mainstreaming climate adaptation objectives into existing policies, as opposed to developing dedicated adaptation policy, is widely advocated for public action. However, knowledge on what makes mainstreaming effective is scarce and fragmented. Against this background, this paper takes stock of peer-reviewed empirical analyses of climate adaptation mainstreaming, in order to assess current achievements and identify the critical factors that render mainstreaming effective. The results show that although in most cases adaptation policy outputs are identified, only in a minority of cases this translates into policy outcomes. This “implementation gap” is most strongly seen in developing countries. However, when it comes to the effectiveness of outcomes, we found no difference across countries. We conclude that more explicit definitions and unified frameworks for adaptation mainstreaming research are required to allow for future research syntheses and well-informed policy recommendations. AU - Runhaar, Hens AU - Wilk, Bettina AU - Persson, Åsa AU - Uittenbroek, Caroline AU - Wamsler, Christine DA - April 01 DO - 10.1007/s10113-017-1259-5 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1436-378X SP - 1201-1210 ST - Mainstreaming climate adaptation: Taking stock about “what works” from empirical research worldwide T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - Mainstreaming climate adaptation: Taking stock about “what works” from empirical research worldwide VL - 18 ID - 26474 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Runkle, Jennifer AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Easterling, David AU - Stewart, Brooke C. AU - Champion, Sarah AU - Stevens, Laura AU - Frankson, Rebekah AU - Sweet, William CY - Asheville, NC NV - NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149-RI PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2017 SP - 4 ST - State Climate Summaries: Rhode Island TI - State Climate Summaries: Rhode Island UR - https://statesummaries.ncics.org/ri ID - 26256 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Runkle, Jennifer AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Frankson, Rebekah AU - Champoin, Sarah AU - Stevens, Laura CY - Asheville, NC NV - NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149-ID PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2017 SP - 4 ST - Idaho State Climate Summary TI - Idaho State Climate Summary UR - https://statesummaries.ncics.org/id ID - 26716 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Runkle, Jennifer AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Frankson, Rebekah AU - Stewart, Brooke C. CY - Asheville, NC NV - NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149-WV PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2017 SP - 4 ST - State Climate Summaries: West Virginia TI - State Climate Summaries: West Virginia UR - https://statesummaries.ncics.org/wv ID - 26255 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Runkle, Jennifer AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Nielson-Gammon, John AU - Frankson, Rebekah AU - Champion, Sarah AU - Stewart, Brooke C. AU - Romolo, Luigi AU - Sweet, William CY - Asheville, NC NV - NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149-TX PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2017 SP - 5 ST - State Climate Summaries: Texas TI - State Climate Summaries: Texas UR - https://statesummaries.ncics.org/tx ID - 23305 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Runkle, Jennifer AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Stevens, Laura AU - Champion, Sarah AU - Easterling, David AU - Terrando, A AU - Sun, L. AU - Stewart, Brooke C. CY - Asheville, NC NV - NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149-PRUSVI PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2017 SP - 4 ST - State Climate Summaries: Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands TI - State Climate Summaries: Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands UR - https://statesummaries.ncics.org/pr ID - 26436 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Rupic, Michael AU - Wetzell, Lauren AU - Marra, John J. AU - Salwani, Seema CY - Honolulu, HI PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) PY - 2018 SP - 48 ST - 2014-2016 El Niño Assessment Report: An Overview of the Impacts of the 2014-16 El Niño on the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) TI - 2014-2016 El Niño Assessment Report: An Overview of the Impacts of the 2014-16 El Niño on the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/attachments/ENSOTT_Report_02.26.2018%20FINAL%20draft.pdf ID - 25867 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Simulations from 35 global climate models (GCMs) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 provide projections of 21st century climate in the Columbia River Basin under scenarios of anthropogenic activity given by Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The multi-model ensemble 30-year mean annual temperature increases by 2.8 °C (5.0 °C) by late 21st century under RCP4.5 (RCP8.5) over the 1979–1990 baseline, with 18% (24%) more warming in summer. By late 21st century, annual precipitation increases by 5% (8%), with an 8% (14%) winter increase and a 4% (10%) summer decrease, but because some models project changes of opposite sign, confidence in these sign changes is lower than those for temperature. Four questions about temperature and precipitation changes were addressed: (1) How and why do climate projections vary seasonally? (2) Is interannual variability in seasonal temperature and precipitation projected to change? (3) What explains the large inter-model spread in the projections? (4) Do projected changes in climate depend on model skill? Changes in precipitation and temperature vary seasonally as a result of changes in large-scale circulation and regional surface energy budget, respectively. Interannual temperature variability decreases slightly during the cool seasons and increases in summer, while interannual precipitation variability increases in all seasons. The magnitude of regional warming is linked to models’ global climate sensitivity, whereas internal variability dominates the inter-model spread of precipitation changes. Lastly, GCMs that better reproduce historical climate tend to project greater warming and larger precipitation increases, though these results depend on the evaluation method. AU - Rupp, David E. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Mote, Philip W. DA - September 01 DO - 10.1007/s00382-016-3418-7 IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 1783-1799 ST - Projections of 21st century climate of the Columbia River Basin T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Projections of 21st century climate of the Columbia River Basin VL - 49 ID - 24626 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rupp, D. E. AU - Mote, P. W. AU - Massey, N. AU - Rye, C. J. AU - Jones, R. AU - Allen, M. R. DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00021.1 IS - 7 PY - 2012 SN - 1520-0477 SP - 1052-1054 ST - Did human influence on climate make the 2011 Texas drought more probable? [in “Explaining Extreme Events of 2011 from a Climate Perspective”] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Did human influence on climate make the 2011 Texas drought more probable? [in “Explaining Extreme Events of 2011 from a Climate Perspective”] VL - 93 ID - 19575 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Russell, Lesley CY - Australia PB - Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney PY - 2011 SP - 43 ST - Poverty, Climate Change and Health in Pacific Island Countries: Issues to Consider in Discussion, Debate and Policy Development TI - Poverty, Climate Change and Health in Pacific Island Countries: Issues to Consider in Discussion, Debate and Policy Development UR - https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/9202 ID - 25866 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Russo, Simone AU - Dosio, Alessandro AU - Graversen, Rune G. AU - Sillmann, Jana AU - Carrao, Hugo AU - Dunbar, Martha B. AU - Singleton, Andrew AU - Montagna, Paolo AU - Barbola, Paulo AU - Vogt, Jürgen V. DO - 10.1002/2014JD022098 IS - 22 KW - climate indices climate extremes heat waves global models 1626 Global climate models 1610 Atmosphere 1616 Climate variability 4313 Extreme events 4318 Statistical analysis PY - 2014 SN - 2169-8996 SP - 12,500-12,512 ST - Magnitude of extreme heat waves in present climate and their projection in a warming world T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - Magnitude of extreme heat waves in present climate and their projection in a warming world VL - 119 ID - 20269 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Groundwater constitutes a critical component of our water resources. Widespread groundwater level declines have occurred in the USA over recent decades, including in regions not typically considered water stressed, such as areas of the Northwest and mid-Atlantic Coast. This loss of water storage reflects extraction rates that exceed natural recharge and capture. Here, we explore recent changes in the groundwater levels of deep aquifers from wells across the USA, and their relation to indices of interannual to decadal climate variability and to annual precipitation. We show that groundwater level changes correspond to selected global climate variations. Although climate-induced variations of deep aquifer natural recharge are expected to have multi-year time lags, we find that deep groundwater levels respond to climate over timescales of less than one year. In irrigated areas, the annual response to local precipitation in the deepest wells may reflect climate-induced pumping variability. An understanding of how the human response to drought through pumping leads to deep groundwater changes is critical to manage the impacts of interannual to decadal and longer climate variability on the nation[rsquor]s water resources. AU - Russo, Tess A. AU - Lall, Upmanu DA - 02//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo2883 IS - 2 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 105-108 ST - Depletion and response of deep groundwater to climate-induced pumping variability T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Depletion and response of deep groundwater to climate-induced pumping variability VL - 10 ID - 21525 ER - TY - WEB AU - Rust2Green CY - Ithaca, NY PB - Cornell University, R2G New York Action Research Initiative PY - 2017 ST - Rust to Green New York Action Research Initiative [web site] TI - Rust to Green New York Action Research Initiative [web site] UR - http://www.rust2green.org ID - 21914 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Rustad, Lindsey AU - Campbell, John AU - Dukes, Jeffrey S. AU - Huntington, Thomas AU - Lambert, Kathy Fallon AU - Mohan, Jacqueline AU - Rodenhouse, Nicholas CY - Newtown Square, PA DO - 10.2737/NRS-GTR-99 PB - USDA, Forest Service, Northern Research Station PY - 2012 SN - Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-99 SP - 48 ST - Changing Climate, Changing Forests: The Impacts of Climate Change on Forests of the Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada TI - Changing Climate, Changing Forests: The Impacts of Climate Change on Forests of the Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada ID - 26257 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ryals, Rebecca AU - Kaiser, Michael AU - Torn, Margaret S. AU - Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw AU - Silver, Whendee L. DO - 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.09.011 PY - 2014 SN - 00380717 SP - 52-61 ST - Impacts of organic matter amendments on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in grassland soils T2 - Soil Biology and Biochemistry TI - Impacts of organic matter amendments on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in grassland soils VL - 68 ID - 22634 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ryan, Sadie J. AU - McNally, Amy AU - Johnson, Leah R. AU - Mordecai, Erin A. AU - Ben-Horin, Tal AU - Paaijmans, Krijn AU - Lafferty, Kevin D. DA - 2015/12/01 DO - 10.1089/vbz.2015.1822 IS - 12 PY - 2015 SN - 1530-3667 SP - 718-725 ST - Mapping physiological suitability limits for malaria in Africa under climate change T2 - Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases TI - Mapping physiological suitability limits for malaria in Africa under climate change VL - 15 Y2 - 2018/01/09 ID - 24090 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Large changes in runoff in the north-central United States have occurred during the past century, with larger floods and increases in runoff tending to occur from the 1970s to the present. The attribution of these changes is a subject of much interest. Long-term precipitation, temperature, and streamflow records were used to compare changes in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) to changes in runoff within 25 stream basins. The basins studied were organized into four groups, each one representing basins similar in topography, climate, and historic patterns of runoff. Precipitation, PET, and runoff data were adjusted for near-decadal scale variability to examine longer-term changes. A nonlinear water-balance analysis shows that changes in precipitation and PET explain the majority of multidecadal spatial/temporal variability of runoff and flood magnitudes, with precipitation being the dominant driver. Historical changes in climate and runoff in the region appear to be more consistent with complex transient shifts in seasonal climatic conditions than with gradual climate change. A portion of the unexplained variability likely stems from land-use change. AU - Ryberg, Karen R. AU - Lin, Wei AU - Vecchia, Aldo V. DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000775 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SP - 148-158 ST - Impact of climate variability on runoff in the north-central United States T2 - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering TI - Impact of climate variability on runoff in the north-central United States VL - 19 ID - 20935 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rykaczewski, Ryan R. AU - Dunne, John P. DO - 10.1029/2010GL045019 IS - 21 KW - California Current climate change Earth system model nitrate oxygen primary productivity 0404 Anoxic and hypoxic environments 1622 Earth system modeling 4805 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 4815 Ecosystems, structure, dynamics, and modeling 4845 Nutrients and nutrient cycling PY - 2010 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L21606 ST - Enhanced nutrient supply to the California Current Ecosystem with global warming and increased stratification in an earth system model T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Enhanced nutrient supply to the California Current Ecosystem with global warming and increased stratification in an earth system model VL - 37 ID - 23449 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rykaczewski, Ryan R. AU - Dunne, John P. DA - 04/14/print DO - 10.1038/nature09952 IS - 7342 PY - 2011 SN - 0028-0836 SP - E5-E6 ST - A measured look at ocean chlorophyll trends T2 - Nature TI - A measured look at ocean chlorophyll trends VL - 472 ID - 21071 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ryu, Jung-Hee AU - Hayhoe, Katharine C6 - NCA DA - 2013/05/15 DO - 10.1007/s00382-013-1801-1 IS - 11 KW - Caribbean precipitation North Atlantic subtropical high Caribbean low-level jet Global climate models Large-scale dynamics LA - English PY - 2014 SN - 0930-7575 SP - 3233-3252 ST - Understanding the sources of Caribbean precipitation biases in CMIP3 and CMIP5 simulations T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Understanding the sources of Caribbean precipitation biases in CMIP3 and CMIP5 simulations VL - 42 ID - 15257 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Annual precipitation in the largely agricultural South-Central United States is characterized by a primary wet season in May and June, a mid-summer dry period in July and August, and a second precipitation peak in September and October. Of the 22 CMIP5 global climate models with sufficient output available, 16 are able to reproduce this bimodal distribution (we refer to these as “BM” models), while 6 have trouble simulating the mid-summer dry period, instead producing an extended wet season (“EW” models). In BM models, the timing and amplitude of the mid-summer westward extension of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) are realistic, while the magnitude of the Great Plains Lower Level Jet (GPLLJ) tends to be overestimated, particularly in July. In EW models, temporal variations and geophysical locations of the NASH and GPLLJ appear reasonable compared to reanalysis but their magnitudes are too weak to suppress mid-summer precipitation. During warm-season droughts, however, both groups of models reproduce the observed tendency towards a stronger NASH that remains over the region through September, and an intensification and northward extension of the GPLLJ. Similarly, future simulations from both model groups under a +1 to +3 °C transient increase in global mean temperature show decreases in summer precipitation concurrent with an enhanced NASH and an intensified GPLLJ, though models differ regarding the months in which these decreases are projected to occur: early summer in the BM models, and late summer in the EW models. Overall, these results suggest that projected future decreases in summer precipitation over the South-Central region appear to be closely related to anomalous patterns of large-scale circulation already observed and modeled during historical dry years, patterns that are consistently reproduced by CMIP5 models. AU - Ryu, Jung-Hee AU - Hayhoe, Katharine DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s00382-017-3534-z IS - 11 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 4293-4310 ST - Observed and CMIP5 modeled influence of large-scale circulation on summer precipitation and drought in the South-Central United States T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Observed and CMIP5 modeled influence of large-scale circulation on summer precipitation and drought in the South-Central United States VL - 49 ID - 23326 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) (MPB) outbreaks are increasingly prevalent in western North America, causing considerable ecological change in pine (Pinus spp.) forests with important implications for wildlife. We reviewed studies examining wildlife responses to MPB outbreaks and postoutbreak salvage logging to inform forest management and guide future research. Our review included 16 studies describing MPB outbreak relationships with 89 bird species and 6 studies describing relationships with 11 mammalian species, but no studies of reptiles or amphibians. We included studies that compared wildlife response metrics temporally (before versus after the outbreak) and spatially (across sites that varied in severity of outbreak) in relation to beetle outbreaks. Outbreaks ranged in size from 20,600 to ≥107 ha and studies occurred 1–30 years after the peak MPB outbreak, but most studies were conducted over the short-term (i.e., ≤6 years after the peak of MPB-induced tree mortality). Birds were the only taxa studied frequently; however, high variability existed among those studies to allow many inferences, although some patterns were evident. Avian studies concluded that cavity-nesting species responded more favorably to beetle-killed forests than species with open-cup nests, and species nesting in the shrub layer favored outbreak forests compared with ground and open-cup canopy nesters that generally showed mixed relationships. Bark-drilling species as a group clearly demonstrated a positive short-term association with MPB epidemics compared with that of other foraging assemblages. Cavity-nesting birds that do not consume bark beetles (i.e., secondary cavity-nesting species and nonbark-drilling woodpeckers) also exhibited some positive responses to MPB outbreaks, although not as pronounced or consistent as those of bark-drilling woodpeckers. Mammalian responses to MPB outbreaks were mixed. Studies consistently reported negative effects of MPB outbreaks on red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). However, there is evidence that red squirrels can persist after an outbreak under some conditions, e.g., when nonhost tree species are present. For small mammal species associated with forest understories, responses may be most pronounced during the postepidemic period (>6 years after the peak of beetle-induced tree mortality) when snags fall to produce coarse woody debris. Postoutbreak salvage logging studies (n = 6) reported results that lacked consensus. Postoutbreak salvage logging may have an impact on fewer wildlife species than postfire salvage logging, probably because only host-specific tree species are removed after beetle outbreaks. AU - Saab, Victoria A. AU - Latif, Quresh S. AU - Rowland, Mary M. AU - Johnson, Tracey N. AU - Chalfoun, Anna D. AU - Buskirk, Steven W. AU - Heyward, Joslin E. AU - Dresser, Matthew A. DO - 10.5849/forsci.13-022 IS - 3 N1 - 10.5849/forsci.13-022 PY - 2014 SN - 0015-749X SP - 539-559 ST - Ecological consequences of mountain pine beetle outbreaks for wildlife in western North American Forests T2 - Forest Science TI - Ecological consequences of mountain pine beetle outbreaks for wildlife in western North American Forests VL - 60 ID - 24741 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Saari, Rebecca K. AU - Selin, Noelle E. AU - Rausch, Sebastian AU - Thompson, Tammy M. DA - 2015/01/02 DO - 10.1080/10962247.2014.959139 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SN - 1096-2247 SP - 74-89 ST - A self-consistent method to assess air quality co-benefits from U.S. climate policies T2 - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association TI - A self-consistent method to assess air quality co-benefits from U.S. climate policies VL - 65 ID - 24466 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Saba, Vincent S. AU - Griffies, Stephen M. AU - Anderson, Whit G. AU - Winton, Michael AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Delworth, Thomas L. AU - Hare, Jonathan A. AU - Harrison, Matthew J. AU - Rosati, Anthony AU - Vecchi, Gabriel A. AU - Zhang, Rong DO - 10.1002/2015JC011346 IS - 1 KW - Northwest Atlantic Ocean Climate Change Gulf Stream U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf High-Resolution Global Climate Model Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation 4215 Climate and interannual variability 4203 Analytical modeling and laboratory experiments 4219 Continental shelf and slope processes 4512 Currents 4562 Topographic/bathymetric interactions PY - 2016 SN - 2169-9291 SP - 118-132 ST - Enhanced warming of the northwest Atlantic Ocean under climate change T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans TI - Enhanced warming of the northwest Atlantic Ocean under climate change VL - 121 ID - 21084 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Using inorganic carbon measurements from an international survey effort in the 1990s and a tracer-based separation technique, we estimate a global oceanic anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) sink for the period from 1800 to 1994 of 118 ± 19 petagrams of carbon. The oceanic sink accounts for ∼48% of the total fossil-fuel and cement-manufacturing emissions, implying that the terrestrial biosphere was a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere of about 39 ± 28 petagrams of carbon for this period. The current fraction of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions stored in the ocean appears to be about one-third of the long-term potential. AU - Sabine, Christopher L. AU - Feely, Richard A. AU - Gruber, Nicolas AU - Key, Robert M. AU - Lee, Kitack AU - Bullister, John L. AU - Wanninkhof, Rik AU - Wong, C. S. AU - Wallace, Douglas W. R. AU - Tilbrook, Bronte AU - Millero, Frank J. AU - Peng, Tsung-Hung AU - Kozyr, Alexander AU - Ono, Tsueno AU - Rios, Aida F. C6 - NCA DA - July 16, 2004 DO - 10.1126/science.1097403 IS - 5682 PY - 2004 SP - 367-371 ST - The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2 T2 - Science TI - The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2 VL - 305 ID - 15259 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sacks, Jason D. AU - Stanek, Lindsay Wichers AU - Luben, Thomas J. AU - Johns, Douglas O. AU - Buckley, Barbara J. AU - Brown, James S. AU - Ross, Mary DO - 10.1289/ehp.1002255 IS - 4 N1 - Ch3 PY - 2011 SN - 0091-6765 SP - 446-454 ST - Particulate matter–induced health effects: Who is susceptible? T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Particulate matter–induced health effects: Who is susceptible? VL - 119 ID - 16130 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sacks, William J AU - Cook, Benjamin I AU - Buenning, Nikolaus AU - Levis, Samuel AU - Helkowski, Joseph H DO - 10.1007/s00382-008-0445-z IS - 2-3 PY - 2009 SN - 0930-7575 SP - 159-175 ST - Effects of global irrigation on the near-surface climate T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Effects of global irrigation on the near-surface climate VL - 33 ID - 22635 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Reef fish spawning aggregations are attractive and often lucrative to fish but particularly vulnerable to fishing, with many cases of declines or extirpations. While awareness of the risks of aggregation exploitation has grown substantially in the tropical western Atlantic in the last decade, the phenomenon of aggregation-spawning is little known in the vast Indo-Pacific region where few aggregations are managed or monitored, and are rarely considered in marine-protected area designations. Even in the tropical western Atlantic and Caribbean, marine-protected area planning, until recently, did not typically consider spawning aggregations. Available data and analyses of aggregation-fisheries and aggregating species strongly suggest that: (1) the majority of known aggregations that are exploited are yielding declining landings; (2) aggregating species show greatest overall declines in local fisheries when their aggregations are also exploited; (3) from an economic perspective, aggregation fishing may yield lower prices for fish, or aggregations may be more valuable unexploited, as a source of fish for local fisheries or as tourist attractions; (4) hyperstability can mask declines in aggregation-fisheries, based on fishery-dependent data; (5) monitoring of aggregation catches by either fishery-dependent or fishery-independent means is deceptively challenging. There are also possible ecosystem-level consequences of reducing or eliminating spawning aggregations. We conclude that aggregation-fisheries are likely to be sustainable only for limited subsistence-level use, that the precautionary principle should be more widely applied in aggregation-fisheries and that, despite growing interest in aggregations over the last decade, few of the key biological questions necessary for effective management have been, or are being, addressed. AU - Sadovy, Yvonne AU - Domeier, Michael DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s00338-005-0474-6 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2005 SN - 1432-0975 SP - 254-262 ST - Are aggregation-fisheries sustainable? Reef fish fisheries as a case study T2 - Coral Reefs TI - Are aggregation-fisheries sustainable? Reef fish fisheries as a case study VL - 24 ID - 25003 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Floods are the most frequent natural disaster, causing more loss of life and property than any other in the USA. Floods also strongly influence the structure and function of watersheds, stream channels, and aquatic ecosystems. The Pacific Northwest is particularly vulnerable to climatically driven changes in flood frequency and magnitude, because snowpacks that strongly influence flood generation are near the freezing point and thus sensitive to small changes in temperature. To improve predictions of future flooding potential and inform strategies to adapt to these changes, we mapped the sensitivity of landscapes to changes in peak flows due to climate warming across Oregon and Washington. We first developed principal component-based models for predicting peak flows across a range of recurrence intervals (2-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-years) based on historical instantaneous peak flow data from 1000 gauged watersheds in Oregon and Washington. Key predictors of peak flows included drainage area and principal component scores for climate, land cover, soil, and topographic metrics. We then used these regression models to predict future peak flows by perturbing the climate variables based on future climate projections (2020s, 2040s, and 2080s) for the A1B emission scenario. For each recurrence interval, peak flow sensitivities were computed as the ratio of future to current peak flow magnitudes. Our analysis suggests that temperature-induced changes in snowpack dynamics will result in large (>30–40%) increases in peak flow magnitude in some areas, principally the Cascades, Olympics, and Blue Mountains and parts of the western edge of the Rocky Mountains. Flood generation processes in lower elevation areas are less likely to be affected, but some of these areas may be impacted by floodwaters from upstream. These results can assist land, water, and infrastructure managers in identifying watersheds and resources that are particularly vulnerable to increased peak flows and developing plans to increase their resilience. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. AU - Safeeq, Mohammad AU - Grant, Gordon E. AU - Lewis, Sarah L. AU - Staab, Brian DO - 10.1002/hyp.10553 IS - 26 PY - 2015 SP - 5337-5353 ST - Predicting landscape sensitivity to present and future floods in the Pacific Northwest, USA T2 - Hydrological Processes TI - Predicting landscape sensitivity to present and future floods in the Pacific Northwest, USA VL - 29 ID - 25949 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Assessing uncertainties in hydrologic models can improve accuracy in predicting future streamflow. Here, simulated streamflows using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model at coarse (°) and fine (°) spatial resolutions were evaluated against observed streamflows from 217 watersheds. In particular, the adequacy of VIC simulations in groundwater- versus runoff-dominated watersheds using a range of flow metrics relevant for water supply and aquatic habitat was examined. These flow metrics were 1) total annual streamflow; 2) total fall, winter, spring, and summer season streamflows; and 3) 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th flow percentiles. The effect of climate on model performance was also evaluated by comparing the observed and simulated streamflow sensitivities to temperature and precipitation. Model performance was evaluated using four quantitative statistics: nonparametric rank correlation ρ, normalized Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency NNSE, root-mean-square error RMSE, and percent bias PBIAS. The VIC model captured the sensitivity of streamflow for temperature better than for precipitation and was in poor agreement with the corresponding temperature and precipitation sensitivities derived from observed streamflow. The model was able to capture the hydrologic behavior of the study watersheds with reasonable accuracy. Both total streamflow and flow percentiles, however, are subject to strong systematic model bias. For example, summer streamflows were underpredicted (PBIAS = −13%) in groundwater-dominated watersheds and overpredicted (PBIAS = 48%) in runoff-dominated watersheds. Similarly, the 5th flow percentile was underpredicted (PBIAS = −51%) in groundwater-dominated watersheds and overpredicted (PBIAS = 19%) in runoff-dominated watersheds. These results provide a foundation for improving model parameterization and calibration in ungauged basins. AU - Safeeq, Mohammad AU - Mauger, Guillaume S. AU - Grant, Gordon E. AU - Arismendi, Ivan AU - Hamlet, Alan F. AU - Lee, Se-Yeun DO - 10.1175/jhm-d-13-0198.1 IS - 6 KW - Hydrologic models,Model errors,Model evaluation/performance PY - 2014 SP - 2501-2521 ST - Comparing large-scale hydrological model predictions with observed streamflow in the Pacific Northwest: Effects of climate and groundwater T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - Comparing large-scale hydrological model predictions with observed streamflow in the Pacific Northwest: Effects of climate and groundwater VL - 15 ID - 24625 ER - TY - MGZN AU - SAGE M1 - June PB - Systems Approach to Geomorphic Engineering (SAGE) Community of Practice PY - 2016 SP - 2-3 ST - SAGE in action: Living shoreline project in the City of Norfolk T2 - The SAGE Report TI - SAGE in action: Living shoreline project in the City of Norfolk UR - http://sagecoast.org/docs/newsletter/SAGE_June2016.pdf ID - 23993 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sage, Jeremy L. CY - Missoula, MT NV - Paper 346 PB - Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research PY - 2016 SP - 8 ST - Economic Contributions of the Yellowstone River to Park County, Montana TI - Economic Contributions of the Yellowstone River to Park County, Montana UR - http://scholarworks.umt.edu/itrr_pubs/346 ID - 21650 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coastal ecosystems lie at the forefront of sea level rise. We posit that before the onset of actual inundation, sea level rise will influence the species composition of coastal hardwood hammocks and buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L.) forests of the Everglades National Park based on tolerance to drought and salinity. Precipitation is the major water source in coastal hammocks and is stored in the soil vadose zone, but vadose water will diminish with the rising water table as a consequence of sea level rise, thereby subjecting plants to salt water stress. A model is used to demonstrate that the constraining effect of salinity on transpiration limits the distribution of freshwater-dependent communities. Field data collected in hardwood hammocks and coastal buttonwood forests over 11 years show that halophytes have replaced glycophytes. We establish that sea level rise threatens 21 rare coastal species in Everglades National Park and estimate the relative risk to each species using basic life history and population traits. We review salinity conditions in the estuarine region over 1999–2009 and associate wide variability in the extent of the annual seawater intrusion to variation in freshwater inflows and precipitation. We also examine species composition in coastal and inland hammocks in connection with distance from the coast, depth to water table, and groundwater salinity. Though this study focuses on coastal forests and rare species of South Florida, it has implications for coastal forests threatened by saltwater intrusion across the globe. AU - Saha, Amartya K. AU - Saha, Sonali AU - Sadle, Jimi AU - Jiang, Jiang AU - Ross, Michael S. AU - Price, René M. AU - Sternberg, Leonel S. L. O. AU - Wendelberger, Kristie S. DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0082-0 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2011 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 81-108 ST - Sea level rise and South Florida coastal forests T2 - Climatic Change TI - Sea level rise and South Florida coastal forests VL - 107 ID - 24373 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Saha, Michael V. AU - Davis, Robert E. AU - Hondula, David M. DO - 10.1093/aje/kwt264 IS - 4 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2014 SP - 467-474 ST - Mortality displacement as a function of heat event strength in 7 US cities T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology TI - Mortality displacement as a function of heat event strength in 7 US cities VL - 179 ID - 19131 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Predictions of intense heat waves across the United States will lead to localized health impacts, most of which are preventable. There is a need to better understand the spatial variation in the morbidity impacts associated with extreme heat across the country to prevent such adverse health outcomes. AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Brock, John W. AU - Vaidyanathan, Ambarish AU - Easterling, David R. AU - Luber, George DA - March 04 DO - 10.1186/s12940-015-0005-z IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1476-069X SP - 20 ST - Spatial variation in hyperthermia emergency department visits among those with employer-based insurance in the United States – a case-crossover analysis T2 - Environmental Health TI - Spatial variation in hyperthermia emergency department visits among those with employer-based insurance in the United States – a case-crossover analysis VL - 14 ID - 24100 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sailor, David J. DA - 2014/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.04.012 KW - Urban heat islands Heat waves Climate change Infiltration Thermal comfort PY - 2014 SN - 0360-1323 SP - 81-88 ST - Risks of summertime extreme thermal conditions in buildings as a result of climate change and exacerbation of urban heat islands T2 - Building and Environment TI - Risks of summertime extreme thermal conditions in buildings as a result of climate change and exacerbation of urban heat islands VL - 78 ID - 23274 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sakai, Akira AU - Larcher, Walter C4 - 01b0f914-7423-4f14-8ba9-84eb40e00ab9 DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-71745-1 M1 - Ecological Studies 62 PY - 1987 SN - 978-3-642-71745-1 978-3-642-71747-5 SP - 321 ST - Frost Survival of Plants: Responses and Adaptation to Freezing Stress TI - Frost Survival of Plants: Responses and Adaptation to Freezing Stress ID - 24374 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sakakibara, Chie IS - 4 PY - 2010 SP - 1003-1012 ST - Kiavallakkikput Agviq (Into the whaling cycle): Cetaceousness and climate change among the Iñupiat of Arctic Alaska T2 - Annals of the Association of American Geographers TI - Kiavallakkikput Agviq (Into the whaling cycle): Cetaceousness and climate change among the Iñupiat of Arctic Alaska UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/40863619 VL - 100 ID - 22285 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An essential foundation of any science is a standard lexicon. Any given conservation project can be described in terms of the biodiversity targets, direct threats, contributing factors at the project site, and the conservation actions that the project team is employing to change the situation. These common elements can be linked in a causal chain, which represents a theory of change about how the conservation actions are intended to bring about desired project outcomes. If project teams want to describe and share their work and learn from one another, they need a standard and precise lexicon to specifically describe each node along this chain. To date, there have been several independent efforts to develop standard classifications for the direct threats that affect biodiversity and the conservation actions required to counteract these threats. Recognizing that it is far more effective to have only one accepted global scheme, we merged these separate efforts into unified classifications of threats and actions, which we present here. Each classification is a hierarchical listing of terms and associated definitions. The classifications are comprehensive and exclusive at the upper levels of the hierarchy, expandable at the lower levels, and simple, consistent, and scalable at all levels. We tested these classifications by applying them post hoc to 1191 threatened bird species and 737 conservation projects. Almost all threats and actions could be assigned to the new classification systems, save for some cases lacking detailed information. Furthermore, the new classification systems provided an improved way of analyzing and comparing information across projects when compared with earlier systems. We believe that widespread adoption of these classifications will help practitioners more systematically identify threats and appropriate actions, managers to more efficiently set priorities and allocate resources, and most important, facilitate cross‐project learning and the development of a systematic science of conservation. AU - Salafsky, Nick AU - Salzer, Daniel AU - Stattersfield, Alison J. AU - Hilton‐Taylor, Craig AU - Neugarten, Rachel AU - Butchart, Stuart H. M. AU - Collen, Ben AU - Cox, Neil AU - Master, Lawrence L. AU - O'Connor, Sheila AU - Wilkie, David DO - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x IS - 4 PY - 2008 SP - 897-911 ST - A standard lexicon for biodiversity conservation: Unified classifications of threats and actions T2 - Conservation Biology TI - A standard lexicon for biodiversity conservation: Unified classifications of threats and actions VL - 22 ID - 25680 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Current practice using probabilistic methods applied for designing hydraulic structures generally assume that extreme events are stationary. However, many studies in the past decades have shown that hydrological records exhibit some type of nonstationarity such as trends and shifts. Human intervention in river basins (e.g., urbanization), the effect of low-frequency climatic variability (e.g., Pacific Decadal Oscillation), and climate change due to increased greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere have been suggested to be the leading causes of changes in the hydrologic cycle of river basins in addition to changes in the magnitude and frequency of extreme floods and extreme sea levels. To tackle nonstationarity in hydrologic extremes, several approaches have been proposed in the literature such as frequency analysis, in which the parameters of a given model vary in accordance with time. The aim of this paper is to show that some basic concepts and methods used in designing flood-related hydraulic structures assuming a stationary world can be extended into a nonstationary framework. In particular, the concepts of return period and risk are formulated by extending the geometric distribution to allow for changing exceeding probabilities over time. Building on previous developments suggested in the statistical and climate change literature, the writers present a simple and unified framework to estimate the return period and risk for nonstationary hydrologic events along with examples and applications so that it can be accessible to a broad audience in the field. The applications demonstrate that the return period and risk estimates for nonstationary situations can be quite different than those corresponding to stationary conditions. They also suggest that the nonstationary analysis can be helpful in making an appropriate assessment of the risk of a hydraulic structure during the planned project-life. AU - Salas, Jose D. AU - Obeysekera, Jayantha DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000820 IS - 3 PY - 2014 SP - 554-568 ST - Revisiting the Concepts of Return Period and Risk for Nonstationary Hydrologic Extreme Events T2 - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering TI - Revisiting the Concepts of Return Period and Risk for Nonstationary Hydrologic Extreme Events VL - 19 ID - 21526 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Results from a regional climate model simulation show substantial increases in future flood risk (2040–69) in many Pacific Northwest river basins in the early fall. Two primary causes are identified: 1) more extreme and earlier storms and 2) warming temperatures that shift precipitation from snow to rain dominance over regional terrain. The simulations also show a wide range of uncertainty among different basins stemming from localized storm characteristics. While previous research using statistical downscaling suggests that many areas in the Pacific Northwest are likely to experience substantial increases in flooding in response to global climate change, these initial estimates do not adequately represent the effects of changes in heavy precipitation. Unlike statistical downscaling techniques applied to global climate model scenarios, the regional model provides an explicit, physically based simulation of the seasonality, size, location, and intensity of historical and future extreme storms, including atmospheric rivers. This paper presents climate projections from the ECHAM5/Max Planck Institute Ocean Model (MPI-OM) global climate model dynamically downscaled using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model implemented at 12-km resolution for the period 1970–2069. The resulting daily precipitation and temperature data are bias corrected and used as input to a physically based Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model. From the daily time step simulations of streamflow produced by the hydrologic model, probability distributions are fit to the extreme events extracted from each water year and flood statistics for various return intervals are estimated. AU - Salathé Jr., Eric P. AU - Hamlet, Alan F. AU - Mass, Clifford F. AU - Lee, Se-Yeun AU - Stumbaugh, Matt AU - Steed, Richard DO - 10.1175/jhm-d-13-0137.1 IS - 5 KW - Climate change,Mesoscale systems,Regional models,Flood events,Societal impacts PY - 2014 SP - 1881-1899 ST - Estimates of twenty-first-century flood risk in the Pacific Northwest based on regional climate model simulations T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - Estimates of twenty-first-century flood risk in the Pacific Northwest based on regional climate model simulations VL - 15 ID - 26496 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Salazar, Alvaro AU - Baldi, Germán AU - Hirota, Marina AU - Syktus, Jozef AU - McAlpine, Clive DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.02.009 PY - 2015 SN - 09218181 SP - 103-119 ST - Land use and land cover change impacts on the regional climate of non-Amazonian South America: A review T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - Land use and land cover change impacts on the regional climate of non-Amazonian South America: A review VL - 128 ID - 22636 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The use of nature-based infrastructure (NBI) has attracted increasing attention in the context of protection against coastal flooding. This review is focused on NBI approaches to improve coastal resilience in the face of extreme storm events, including hurricanes. We not only consider the role of NBI as a measure to protect people and property but also in the context of other ecological goods and services provided by tidal wetlands including production of fish and shellfish. Although the results of many studies suggest that populated areas protected by coastal marshes were less likely to experience damage when exposed to the full force of storm surge, it was absolutely critical to place the role of coastal wetlands into perspective by noting that while tidal marshes can reduce wave energy from low-to-moderate-energy storms, their capacity to substantially reduce storm surge remains poorly quantified. Moreover, although tidal marshes can reduce storm surge from fast moving storms, very large expanses of habitat are needed to be most effective, and for most urban settings, there is insufficient space to rely on nature based risk reduction strategies alone. The success of a given NBI method is also context dependent on local conditions, with,potentially confounding influences from substrate characteristics, topography, near shore bathymetry, distance from the shore and other physical factors and human drivers such as development patterns. Furthermore, it is important to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of newly developed NBI projects through rigorous evaluations and characterize the local specificities of the particular built and natural environments surrounding these coastal areas. In order for the relevant science to better inform policy, and assist in land-use challenges, scientists must clearly state the likelihood of success in a particular circumstance and set of conditions. We conclude that "caution is advised" before selecting a particular NBI method as there is no "one size fits all" solution to address site specific conditions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. AU - Saleh, F. AU - Weinstein, M. P. DA - Dec DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.077 KW - Adaptation Coastal nature-based solutions N1 - Saleh, Firas Weinstein, Michael P. 3 PY - 2016 SN - 0301-4797 SP - 1088-1098 ST - The role of nature-based infrastructure (NBI) in coastal resiliency planning: A literature review T2 - Journal of Environmental Management TI - The role of nature-based infrastructure (NBI) in coastal resiliency planning: A literature review VL - 183 ID - 22837 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Salehyan, Idean DA - 2014/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.10.004 KW - Climate change Conflict Measurement Weather War PY - 2014 SN - 0962-6298 SP - 1-5 ST - Climate change and conflict: Making sense of disparate findings T2 - Political Geography TI - Climate change and conflict: Making sense of disparate findings VL - 43 ID - 22051 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Salehyan, Idean AU - Hendrix, Cullen S. DA - 2014/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.07.007 KW - Climate change Conflict Environmental security Political violence Drought PY - 2014 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 239-250 ST - Climate shocks and political violence T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Climate shocks and political violence VL - 28 ID - 22052 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Salisbury, Joseph AU - Green, Mark AU - Hunt, Chris AU - Campbell, Janet DO - 10.1029/2008EO500001 IS - 50 KW - 4825 Geochemistry 4858 Population dynamics and ecology PY - 2008 SN - 2324-9250 SP - 513-513 ST - Coastal acidification by rivers: A threat to shellfish? T2 - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union TI - Coastal acidification by rivers: A threat to shellfish? VL - 89 ID - 20040 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sallenger, Asbury H. AU - Doran, Kara S. AU - Howd, Peter A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/nclimate1597 PY - 2012 SN - 1758-6798 SP - 884-888 ST - Hotspot of accelerated sea-level rise on the Atlantic coast of North America T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Hotspot of accelerated sea-level rise on the Atlantic coast of North America VL - 2 ID - 15273 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Salmon Technical Team (STT) CY - Portland, OR PB - Pacific Fishery Management Council PY - 2017 SP - 132 ST - Preseason Report I: Stock Abundance Analysis and Environmental Assessment Part 1 for 2017 Ocean Salmon Fishery Regulations. Regulation Identifier Number 0648-BG59 TI - Preseason Report I: Stock Abundance Analysis and Environmental Assessment Part 1 for 2017 Ocean Salmon Fishery Regulations. Regulation Identifier Number 0648-BG59 UR - https://www.pcouncil.org/salmon/stock-assessment-and-fishery-evaluation-safe-documents/preseason-reports/2017-preseason-report-i/ ID - 23926 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Salmon Technical Team (STT) CY - Portland, OR PB - Pacific Fishery Management Council PY - 2017 SP - 343 ST - Review of 2016 Ocean Salmon Fisheries. Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation (SAFE) document TI - Review of 2016 Ocean Salmon Fisheries. Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation (SAFE) document UR - https://www.pcouncil.org/salmon/stock-assessment-and-fishery-evaluation-safe-documents/review-of-2016-ocean-salmon-fisheries/ ID - 23927 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Salmon Technical Team (STT) CY - Portland, OR PB - Pacific Fishery Management Council PY - 2018 SP - 335 ST - Review of 2017 Ocean Salmon Fisheries. Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation (SAFE) document TI - Review of 2017 Ocean Salmon Fisheries. Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation (SAFE) document UR - https://www.pcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Review_of_2017_Ocean_Salmon_Fisheries_18Final.pdf ID - 26378 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Salzmann, Ulrich AU - Dolan, Aisling M. AU - Haywood, Alan M. AU - Chan, Wing-Le AU - Voss, Jochen AU - Hill, Daniel J. AU - Abe-Ouchi, Ayako AU - Otto-Bliesner, Bette AU - Bragg, Frances J. AU - Chandler, Mark A. AU - Contoux, Camille AU - Dowsett, Harry J. AU - Jost, Anne AU - Kamae, Youichi AU - Lohmann, Gerrit AU - Lunt, Daniel J. AU - Pickering, Steven J. AU - Pound, Matthew J. AU - Ramstein, Gilles AU - Rosenbloom, Nan A. AU - Sohl, Linda AU - Stepanek, Christian AU - Ueda, Hiroaki AU - Zhang, Zhongshi DA - 11//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2008 IS - 11 M3 - Letter PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X SP - 969-974 ST - Challenges in quantifying Pliocene terrestrial warming revealed by data-model discord T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Challenges in quantifying Pliocene terrestrial warming revealed by data-model discord VL - 3 ID - 20109 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Samples, Amy DO - 10.3998/mjs.12333712.0003.004 PY - 2015 SP - 65-72 ST - Engaging marina and harbor operators in climate adaptation T2 - Michigan Journal of Sustainability TI - Engaging marina and harbor operators in climate adaptation VL - 3 ID - 21230 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sampson, Robert J. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1614433114 IS - 34 KW - added by ERG PY - 2017 SP - 8957-8962 ST - Urban sustainability in an age of enduring inequalities: Advancing theory and ecometrics for the 21st-century city T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Urban sustainability in an age of enduring inequalities: Advancing theory and ecometrics for the 21st-century city VL - 114 ID - 23150 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This letter consists of a first-order analysis of the primary energy embedded in water in the United States. Using a combination of top-down sectoral assessments of energy use together with a bottom-up allocation of energy-for-water on a component-wise and service-specific level, our analysis concludes that energy use in the residential, commercial, industrial and power sectors for direct water and steam services was approximately 12.3 ± 0.3 quadrillion BTUs or 12.6% of the 2010 annual primary energy consumption in the United States. Additional energy was used to generate steam for indirect process heating, space heating and electricity generation. AU - Sanders, Kelly T. AU - Webber, Michael E. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034034 IS - 3 PY - 2012 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 034034 ST - Evaluating the energy consumed for water use in the United States T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Evaluating the energy consumed for water use in the United States VL - 7 ID - 25430 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sanderson, Benjamin M. AU - O'Neill, Brian C. AU - Tebaldi, Claudia DO - 10.1002/2016GL069563 IS - 13 KW - emissions climate targets 1622 Earth system modeling 3305 Climate change and variability 3320 Idealized model 3333 Model calibration 6309 Decision making under uncertainty PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 7133-7142 ST - What would it take to achieve the Paris temperature targets? T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - What would it take to achieve the Paris temperature targets? VL - 43 ID - 20058 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Sanderson, B.M. AU - Wehner, M.F. C4 - 54c94c59-9d07-4f43-919b-9a26632ad31b CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J06T0JS3 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - App. B SP - 436-442 ST - Appendix B: Model weighting strategy T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Appendix B: Model weighting strategy ID - 21575 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sanderson, Eric W. AU - Solecki, William D. AU - Waldman, John R. AU - Parris, Adam S. C4 - 0dd12a00-5144-476f-8f98-37d5e4bc3b03 CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2016 SN - 9781610917322 SP - 304 ST - Prospects for Resilience: Insights from New York City's Jamaica Bay TI - Prospects for Resilience: Insights from New York City's Jamaica Bay ID - 21916 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sandifer, Paul A. AU - Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. DO - 10.1111/1477-8947.12047 IS - 3 KW - Environmental stressors ocean and coastal ecosystems ecosystem services human health and well-being oceans PY - 2014 SN - 1477-8947 SP - 157-167 ST - Connecting stressors, ocean ecosystem services, and human health T2 - Natural Resources Forum TI - Connecting stressors, ocean ecosystem services, and human health VL - 38 ID - 24000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sandifer, Paul A. AU - Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. AU - Ward, Bethney P. DA - 2015/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.12.007 KW - Ecosystem service Nature Biodiversity Human health Policy Conservation PY - 2015 SN - 2212-0416 SP - 1-15 ST - Exploring connections among nature, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health and well-being: Opportunities to enhance health and biodiversity conservation T2 - Ecosystem Services TI - Exploring connections among nature, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health and well-being: Opportunities to enhance health and biodiversity conservation VL - 12 ID - 24001 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ecologists and physiologists working on rocky shores have emphasized the effects of environmental stress on the distribution of intertidal organisms. Although consumer stress models suggest that physical extremes may often reduce predation and herbivory through negative impacts on the physiological performance of consumers, few field studies have rigorously tested how environmental variation affects feeding rates. I review and analyze field experiments that quantified per capita feeding rates of a keystone predator, the sea star Pisaster ochraceus, in relation to aerial heat stress, wave forces, and water temperature at three rocky intertidal sites on the Oregon coast. Predation rates during 14-day periods were unrelated to aerial temperature, but decreased significantly with decreasing water temperature. There was suggestive but inconclusive evidence that predation rates also declined with increasing wave forces. Data-logger records suggested that thermal stress was rare in the wave-exposed habitats that I studied; sea star body temperatures likely reached warm levels (>24°C) on only 9 dates in 3 yr. In contrast, wind-driven upwelling regularly generated 3 to 5°C fluctuations in water temperature, and field and laboratory results suggest that such changes significantly alter feeding rates of Pisaster. These physiological rate effects, near the center of an organism's thermal range, may not reduce growth or fitness, and thus are distinct from the effects of environmental stress. This study underscores the need to consider organismal responses both under “normal” conditions, as well as under extreme conditions. Examining both kinds of responses is necessary to understand how different components of environmental variation regulate physiological performance and the strength of species interactions in intertidal communities. AU - Sanford, Eric DO - 10.1093/icb/42.4.881 IS - 4 N1 - 10.1093/icb/42.4.881 PY - 2002 SN - 1540-7063 SP - 881-891 ST - Water temperature, predation, and the neglected role of physiological rate effects in rocky intertidal communities T2 - Integrative and Comparative Biology TI - Water temperature, predation, and the neglected role of physiological rate effects in rocky intertidal communities VL - 42 ID - 24624 ER - TY - EBOOK AU - Sanford, Todd AU - Wang, Regina AU - Kenwa, Alyson C4 - 849da40c-f751-4dc0-832b-61dfbeeef6ea CY - Princeton, NJ PB - Climate Central PY - 2015 SP - 32 TI - The Age of Alaskan Wildfires UR - http://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/AgeofAlaskanWildfires.pdf ID - 20138 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sanford, Ward E. AU - Selnick, David L. DO - 10.1111/jawr.12010 IS - 1 KW - evapotranspiration hydrologic cycle precipitation streamflow PY - 2013 SN - 1752-1688 SP - 217-230 ST - Estimation of evapotranspiration across the conterminous United States using a regression with climate and land-cover data T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - Estimation of evapotranspiration across the conterminous United States using a regression with climate and land-cover data VL - 49 ID - 21582 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Probabilistic, seasonal to interannual streamflow forecasts are becoming increasingly available as the ability to model climate teleconnections is improving. However, water managers and practitioners have been slow to adopt such products, citing concerns with forecast skill. Essentially, a management risk is perceived in “gambling” with operations using a probabilistic forecast, while a system failure upon following existing operating policies is “protected” by the official rules or guidebook. In the presence of a prescribed system of prior allocation of releases under different storage or water availability conditions, the manager has little incentive to change. Innovation in allocation and operation is hence key to improved risk management using such forecasts. A participatory water allocation process that can effectively use probabilistic forecasts as part of an adaptive management strategy is introduced here. Users can express their demand for water through statements that cover the quantity needed at a particular reliability, the temporal distribution of the “allocation,” the associated willingness to pay, and compensation in the event of contract nonperformance. The water manager then assesses feasible allocations using the probabilistic forecast that try to meet these criteria across all users. An iterative process between users and water manager could be used to formalize a set of short‐term contracts that represent the resulting prioritized water allocation strategy over the operating period for which the forecast was issued. These contracts can be used to allocate water each year/season beyond long‐term contracts that may have precedence. Thus, integrated supply and demand management can be achieved. In this paper, a single period multiuser optimization model that can support such an allocation process is presented. The application of this conceptual model is explored using data for the Jaguaribe Metropolitan Hydro System in Ceara, Brazil. The performance relative to the current allocation process is assessed in the context of whether such a model could support the proposed short‐term contract based participatory process. A synthetic forecasting example is also used to explore the relative roles of forecast skill and reservoir storage in this framework. AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Lall, Upmanu AU - Souza Filho, Francisco Assis AU - Sharma, Ashish DO - 10.1029/2009WR007821 IS - 11 PY - 2009 ST - Improved water allocation utilizing probabilistic climate forecasts: Short‐term water contracts in a risk management framework T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Improved water allocation utilizing probabilistic climate forecasts: Short‐term water contracts in a risk management framework VL - 45 ID - 25384 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Sabo, J. L. AU - Larson, K. L. AU - Seo, S. B. AU - Sinha, T. AU - Bhowmik, R. AU - Vidal, A. Ruhi AU - Kunkel, K. AU - Mahinthakumar, G. AU - Berglund, E. Z. AU - Kominoski, J. DO - 10.1002/2016EF000511 IS - 7 KW - Public water supply Water-use efficiency socio-economic conditions 1884 Water supply 1880 Water management 1871 Surface water quality 4329 Sustainable development 4318 Statistical analysis PY - 2017 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 771-788 ST - Synthesis of public water supply use in the United States: Spatio-temporal patterns and socio-economic controls T2 - Earth's Future TI - Synthesis of public water supply use in the United States: Spatio-temporal patterns and socio-economic controls VL - 5 ID - 21527 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The area burned annually by wildfires is expected to increase worldwide due to climate change. Burned areas increase soil erosion rates within watersheds, which can increase sedimentation in downstream rivers and reservoirs. However, which watersheds will be impacted by future wildfires is largely unknown. Using an ensemble of climate, fire, and erosion models, we show that postfire sedimentation is projected to increase for nearly nine tenths of watersheds by >10% and for more than one third of watersheds by >100% by the 2041 to 2050 decade in the western USA. The projected increases are statistically significant for more than eight tenths of the watersheds. In the western USA, many human communities rely on water from rivers and reservoirs that originates in watersheds where sedimentation is projected to increase. Increased sedimentation could negatively impact water supply and quality for some communities, in addition to affecting stream channel stability and aquatic ecosystems. AU - Sankey, Joel B. AU - Kreitler, Jason AU - Hawbaker, Todd J. AU - McVay, Jason L. AU - Miller, Mary Ellen AU - Mueller, Erich R. AU - Vaillant, Nicole M. AU - Lowe, Scott E. AU - Sankey, Temuulen T. DO - 10.1002/2017GL073979 IS - 17 PY - 2017 SP - 8884-8892 ST - Climate, wildfire, and erosion ensemble foretells more sediment in western USA watersheds T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Climate, wildfire, and erosion ensemble foretells more sediment in western USA watersheds VL - 44 ID - 25980 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sankovich, Victoria AU - Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu AU - Pruitt, Tom AU - Caldwell, R. Jason CY - Los Angeles, CA NV - Technical Memorandum No. 86-68210-2013-05 PB - USGS Bureau of Reclamation PY - 2013 SP - 41 ST - Los Angeles Basin Stormwater Conservation Study: Task 3.1. Development of Climate-Adjusted Hydrologic Model Inputs TI - Los Angeles Basin Stormwater Conservation Study: Task 3.1. Development of Climate-Adjusted Hydrologic Model Inputs UR - https://www.usbr.gov/lc/socal/basinstudies/LA-Basin-Study-Report_October2013.pdf ID - 24172 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We compare global-scale changes in satellite estimates of the temperature of the lower troposphere (TLT) with model simulations of forced and unforced TLT changes. While previous work has focused on a single period of record, we select analysis timescales ranging from 10 to 32 years, and then compare all possible observed TLT trends on each timescale with corresponding multi-model distributions of forced and unforced trends. We use observed estimates of the signal component of TLT changes and model estimates of climate noise to calculate timescale-dependent signal-to-noise ratios (S/N). These ratios are small (less than 1) on the 10-year timescale, increasing to more than 3.9 for 32-year trends. This large change in S/N is primarily due to a decrease in the amplitude of internally generated variability with increasing trend length. Because of the pronounced effect of interannual noise on decadal trends, a multi-model ensemble of anthropogenically-forced simulations displays many 10-year periods with little warming. A single decade of observational TLT data is therefore inadequate for identifying a slowly evolving anthropogenic warming signal. Our results show that temperature records of at least 17 years in length are required for identifying human effects on global-mean tropospheric temperature. AU - Santer, B.D. AU - Mears, C. AU - Doutriaux, C. AU - Caldwell, P. AU - Gleckler, P.J. AU - Wigley, T.M.L AU - Solomon, S. AU - Gillett, N.P. AU - Ivanova, D. AU - Karl, T.R. AU - Lanzante, J. R. AU - Meehl, G. A. AU - Stott, P. A. AU - Taylor, K. E. AU - Thorne, P. W. AU - Wehner, M. F. AU - Wentz, F. J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2011JD016263 IS - D22105 PY - 2011 SN - 0148-0227 SP - 1-19 ST - Separating signal and noise in atmospheric temperature changes: The importance of timescale T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Separating signal and noise in atmospheric temperature changes: The importance of timescale VL - 116 ID - 15284 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Santer, B. D. AU - Soloman, S. AU - Wentz, F. J. AU - Fu, Q. AU - Po-Chedley, S. AU - Mears, C. AU - Painter, J. F. AU - Bonfils, C. DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-02520-7 PY - 2017 SP - 2336 ST - Tropospheric warming over the past two decades T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Tropospheric warming over the past two decades VL - 7 ID - 20756 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Different processes determine species’ geographic ranges, including species’ responses to changing climate, habitat, or both simultaneously. Here we ask which combination of factors best predicts shifts in the upper and lower elevation range limits and overall range of small mammal species in Yosemite National Park, California, USA across the last 100 years. AU - Santos, Maria J. AU - Smith, Adam B. AU - Thorne, James H. AU - Moritz, Craig DA - November 10 DO - 10.1186/s40665-017-0035-6 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 2053-7565 SP - 7 ST - The relative influence of change in habitat and climate on elevation range limits in small mammals in Yosemite National Park, California, U.S.A T2 - Climate Change Responses TI - The relative influence of change in habitat and climate on elevation range limits in small mammals in Yosemite National Park, California, U.S.A VL - 4 ID - 25679 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Saperstein, Alison CY - Seattle, WA PB - University of Washington, Daniel J. Evans School of Public Policy and Governance PY - 2015 SP - 67 ST - Climate Change, Migration, and the Puget Sound Region: What We Know and How We Could Learn More TI - Climate Change, Migration, and the Puget Sound Region: What We Know and How We Could Learn More UR - https://cig.uw.edu/news-and-events/publications/climate-change-migration-and-the-puget-sound-region/ ID - 24795 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sapkota, A. AU - Symons, J.M. AU - Kleissl, J. AU - Wang, L. AU - Parlange, M.B. AU - Ondov, J. AU - Breysse, P.N. AU - Diette, G.B. AU - Eggleston, P.A. AU - Buckley, T.J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1021/es035311z IS - 1 PY - 2005 SN - 0013-936X SP - 24-32 ST - Impact of the 2002 Canadian forest fires on particulate matter air quality in Baltimore City T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Impact of the 2002 Canadian forest fires on particulate matter air quality in Baltimore City VL - 39 ID - 15287 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sarà, Gianluca AU - Rinaldi, Alessandro AU - Montalto, Valeria DO - 10.1111/maec.12106 IS - 4 KW - Dynamic energy budget model functional trait-based bioenergetic approach life history traits marine ectotherms PY - 2014 SN - 1439-0485 SP - 506-515 ST - Thinking beyond organism energy use: A trait-based bioenergetic mechanistic approach for predictions of life history traits in marine organisms T2 - Marine Ecology TI - Thinking beyond organism energy use: A trait-based bioenergetic mechanistic approach for predictions of life history traits in marine organisms VL - 35 ID - 24899 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Sarofim, Marcus C. AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Hawkins, Michelle D. AU - Mills, David M. AU - Hess, Jeremy AU - Horton, Radley AU - Kinney, Patrick AU - Schwartz, Joel AU - St. Juliana, Alexis C4 - 1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0MG7MDX PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 43–68 ST - Ch. 2: Temperature-related death and illness T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 2: Temperature-related death and illness ID - 19374 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Methane is a greenhouse gas that oxidizes to form ground-level ozone, itself a greenhouse gas and a health-harmful air pollutant. Reducing methane emissions will both slow anthropogenic climate change and reduce ozone-related mortality. We estimate the benefits of reducing methane emissions anywhere in the world for ozone-related premature mortality globally and for eight geographic regions. Our methods are consistent with those used by the US Government to estimate the social cost of carbon (SCC). We find that the global short- and long-term premature mortality benefits due to reduced ozone production from methane mitigation are (2011) $790 and $1775 per tonne methane, respectively. These correspond to approximately 70 and 150 % of the valuation of methane’s global climate impacts using the SCC after extrapolating from carbon dioxide to methane using global warming potential estimates. Results for monetized benefits are sensitive to a number of factors, particularly the choice of elasticity to income growth used when calculating the value of a statistical life. The benefits increase for emission years further in the future. Regionally, most of the global mortality benefits accrue in Asia, but 10 % accrue in the United States. This methodology can be used to assess the benefits of methane emission reductions anywhere in the world, including those achieved by national and multinational policies. AU - Sarofim, Marcus C. AU - Waldhoff, Stephanie T. AU - Anenberg, Susan C. DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s10640-015-9937-6 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1502 SP - 45-63 ST - Valuing the ozone-related health benefits of methane emission controls T2 - Environmental and Resource Economics TI - Valuing the ozone-related health benefits of methane emission controls VL - 66 ID - 24243 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sauer, John R. AU - Fallon, Jane E. AU - Johnson, Rex DO - 10.2307/3802778 IS - 2 PY - 2003 SP - 372-389 ST - Use of North American Breeding Bird Survey data to estimate population change for bird conservation regions T2 - Journal of Wildlife Management TI - Use of North American Breeding Bird Survey data to estimate population change for bird conservation regions VL - 67 ID - 21651 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Savage, Melissa AU - Mast, Joy Nystrom DA - 2005/04/01 DO - 10.1139/x05-028 IS - 4 PY - 2005 SN - 0045-5067 SP - 967-977 ST - How resilient are southwestern ponderosa pine forests after crown fires? T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research TI - How resilient are southwestern ponderosa pine forests after crown fires? VL - 35 Y2 - 2018/04/20 ID - 25175 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The study of climate change has been based strongly on data collected from instruments, but how local people perceive such changes remains poorly quantified. We conducted a meta-analysis of climatic changes observed by subsistence-oriented communities. Our review of 10,660 observations from 2,230 localities in 137 countries shows that increases in temperature and changes in seasonality and rainfall patterns are widespread ([ap]70% of localities across 122 countries). Observations of increased temperature show patterns consistent with simulated trends in surface air temperature taken from the ensemble average of CMIP5 models, for the period 1955-2005. Secondary impacts of climatic changes on both wild and domesticated plants and animals are extensive and threaten the food security of subsistence-oriented communities. Collectively, our results suggest that climate change is having profound disruptive effects at local levels and that local observations can make an important contribution to understanding the pervasiveness of climate change on ecosystems and societies. AU - Savo, V. AU - Lepofsky, D. AU - Benner, J. P. AU - Kohfeld, K. E. AU - Bailey, J. AU - Lertzman, K. DA - 05//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2958 IS - 5 M3 - Review PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 462-473 ST - Observations of climate change among subsistence-oriented communities around the world T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Observations of climate change among subsistence-oriented communities around the world VL - 6 ID - 21633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The serious assessment of climate change impacts on transportation is just six years old. Yet considerable progress has been made in this short time. Analytical frameworks to couple decision support for transportation decision makers at the national, regional, and local levels with the leading edge of climate science have been established and tested. A better understanding of the risks and vulnerabilities facing transportation agencies has been accomplished through a growing number of assessments. But significant gaps exist, and the full integration of climate impacts in transportation planning, design, and operations has yet to be accomplished. Adaptation planning and implementation lag except where disasters have struck. Research must play a critical role over the next decade to address societal impacts, better define critical concepts and make them useful for practitioners, and integrate climate concerns more completely in the natural and built environments across all sectors, including transportation. AU - Savonis, Michael J. AU - Potter, Joanne R. AU - Snow, Cassandra B. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s40518-014-0004-7 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 2196-3010 SP - 27-34 ST - Continuing challenges in transportation adaptation T2 - Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports TI - Continuing challenges in transportation adaptation VL - 1 ID - 24562 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sawant, Abhiman Arjun AU - Patil, S. C. AU - Kalse, S. B. AU - Thakor, N. J. IS - 2 PY - 2012 SP - 110-118 ST - Effect of temperature, relative humidity and moisture content on germination percentage of wheat stored in different storage structures T2 - Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal TI - Effect of temperature, relative humidity and moisture content on germination percentage of wheat stored in different storage structures UR - http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2019 VL - 14 ID - 21245 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Aquifer overexploitation could significantly impact crop production in the United States because 60% of irrigation relies on groundwater. Groundwater depletion in the irrigated High Plains and California Central Valley accounts for ∼50% of groundwater depletion in the United States since 1900. A newly developed High Plains recharge map shows that high recharge in the northern High Plains results in sustainable pumpage, whereas lower recharge in the central and southern High Plains has resulted in focused depletion of 330 km3 of fossil groundwater, mostly recharged during the past 13,000 y. Depletion is highly localized with about a third of depletion occurring in 4% of the High Plains land area. Extrapolation of the current depletion rate suggests that 35% of the southern High Plains will be unable to support irrigation within the next 30 y. Reducing irrigation withdrawals could extend the lifespan of the aquifer but would not result in sustainable management of this fossil groundwater. The Central Valley is a more dynamic, engineered system, with north/south diversions of surface water since the 1950s contributing to ∼7× higher recharge. However, these diversions are regulated because of impacts on endangered species. A newly developed Central Valley Hydrologic Model shows that groundwater depletion since the 1960s, totaling 80 km3, occurs mostly in the south (Tulare Basin) and primarily during droughts. Increasing water storage through artificial recharge of excess surface water in aquifers by up to 3 km3 shows promise for coping with droughts and improving sustainability of groundwater resources in the Central Valley. AU - Scanlon, Bridget R. AU - Faunt, Claudia C. AU - Longuevergne, Laurent AU - Reedy, Robert C. AU - Alley, William M. AU - McGuire, Virginia L. AU - McMahon, Peter B. DA - June 12, 2012 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1200311109 IS - 24 PY - 2012 SP - 9320-9325 ST - Groundwater depletion and sustainability of irrigation in the US High Plains and Central Valley T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Groundwater depletion and sustainability of irrigation in the US High Plains and Central Valley VL - 109 ID - 21529 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Projected longer-term droughts and intense floods underscore the need to store more water to manage climate extremes. Here we show how depleted aquifers have been used to store water by substituting surface water use for groundwater pumpage (conjunctive use, CU) or recharging groundwater with surface water (managed aquifer recharge, MAR). Unique multi-decadal monitoring from thousands of wells and regional modeling datasets for the California Central Valley and central Arizona were used to assess CU and MAR. In addition to natural reservoir capacity related to deep water tables, historical groundwater depletion further expanded aquifer storage by ∼44 km 3 in the Central Valley and by ∼100 km 3 in Arizona, similar to or exceeding current surface reservoir capacity by up to three times. Local river water and imported surface water, transported through 100s of km of canals, is substituted for groundwater (≤15 km 3 yr −1 , CU) or is used to recharge groundwater (MAR, ≤1.5 km 3 yr −1 ) during wet years shifting to mostly groundwater pumpage during droughts. In the Central Valley, CU and MAR locally reversed historically declining water-level trends, which contrasts with simulated net regional groundwater depletion. In Arizona, CU and MAR also reversed historically declining groundwater level trends in active management areas. These rising trends contrast with current declining trends in irrigated areas that lack access to surface water to support CU or MAR. Use of depleted aquifers as reservoirs could expand with winter flood irrigation or capturing flood discharges to the Pacific (0–1.6 km 3 yr −1 , 2000–2014) with additional infrastructure in California. Because flexibility and expanded portfolio options translate to resilience, CU and MAR enhance drought resilience through multi-year storage, complementing shorter term surface reservoir storage, and facilitating water markets. AU - Scanlon, Bridget R. AU - Reedy, Robert C. AU - Faunt, Claudia C. AU - Pool, Donald AU - Uhlman, Kristine DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/049501 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 035013 ST - Enhancing drought resilience with conjunctive use and managed aquifer recharge in California and Arizona T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Enhancing drought resilience with conjunctive use and managed aquifer recharge in California and Arizona VL - 11 ID - 23575 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Scanlon, B. R. AU - Reedy, R. C. AU - Gates, J. B. AU - Gowda, P. H. DA - 2010/12/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.017 IS - 4 KW - Groundwater recharge Irrigation sustainability Unsaturated zone hydrology Groundwater depletion Groundwater degradation Irrigated agriculture PY - 2010 SN - 0167-8809 SP - 700-713 ST - Impact of agroecosystems on groundwater resources in the Central High Plains, USA T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment TI - Impact of agroecosystems on groundwater resources in the Central High Plains, USA VL - 139 ID - 21528 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Scannell, Hillary A. AU - Pershing, Andrew J. AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Thomas, Andrew C. AU - Mills, Katherine E. DO - 10.1002/2015GL067308 IS - 5 KW - marine heatwave power law SST anomaly climate variability 1635 Oceans 1616 Climate variability 3235 Persistence, memory, correlations, clustering 4313 Extreme events 4318 Statistical analysis PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 2069-2076 ST - Frequency of marine heatwaves in the North Atlantic and North Pacific since 1950 T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Frequency of marine heatwaves in the North Atlantic and North Pacific since 1950 VL - 43 ID - 24900 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Scasta, John Derek AU - Lalman, David L. AU - Henderson, Leticia DA - 2016/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.rala.2016.06.006 IS - 4 KW - beef climate efficiency integrated management rangeland variability PY - 2016 SN - 0190-0528 SP - 204-210 ST - Drought mitigation for grazing operations: Matching the animal to the environment T2 - Rangelands TI - Drought mitigation for grazing operations: Matching the animal to the environment VL - 38 ID - 23576 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Scasta, John Derek AU - Weir, John R. AU - Stambaugh, Michael C. DA - 2016/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.rala.2016.06.003 IS - 4 KW - climate cycles disturbance fire forest rangeland weather variability PY - 2016 SN - 0190-0528 SP - 197-203 ST - Droughts and wildfires in western U.S. rangelands T2 - Rangelands TI - Droughts and wildfires in western U.S. rangelands VL - 38 ID - 23212 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - Segarra-Garcia, R. I. AU - Scatena, F. N. C1 - Bethesda, MD CY - San Juan, PR DA - 12-16 July PB - American Water Resources Assocation PY - 1998 SP - 193-198 T2 - Tropical Hydrology and Caribbean Water Resources: Proceedings, Third International Symposium on Tropical Hydrology and Fifth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress TI - An assessment of climate change in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/30241 ID - 25092 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Increases in concentrations of greenhouse gases projected for the 21st century are expected to lead to increased mean global air and ocean temperatures. The National Assessment of Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change (NAST 2001) was based on a series of regional and sector assessments. This paper is a of the coastal and marine resources sector review of potential impacts on shorelines, estuaries, coastal wetlands, coral reefs, and ocean margin ecosystems. The assessment considered the impacts of several key drivers of climate change: sea level change; alterations in precipitation patterns and subsequent delivery of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment; increased ocean temperature; alterations in circulation patterns; changes in frequency and intensity of coastal storms; and increased levels of atmospheric CO2. Increasing rates of sea-level rise and intensity and frequency of coastal storms and hurricanes over the next decades will increase threats to shorelines, wetlands, and coastal development. Estuarine productivity will change in response to alteration in the timing and amount of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment delivery. Higher water temperatures and changes in freshwater delivery will alter estuarine stratification, residence time, and eutrophication. Increased ocean temperatures are expected to increase coral bleaching and higher CO2 levels may reduce coral calcification, making it more difficult for corals to recover from other disturbances, and inhibiting poleward shifts. Ocean warming is expected to cause poleward shifts in the ranges of many other organisms, including commercial species, and these shifts may have secondary effects on their predators and prey. Although these potential impacts of climate change and variability will vary from system to system, it is important to recognize that they will be superimposed upon, and in many cases intensify, other ecosystem stresses (pollution, harvesting, habitat destruction, invasive species, land and resource use, extreme natural events), which may lead to more significant consequences. AU - Scavia, Donald AU - Field, John C. AU - Boesch, Donald F. AU - Buddemeier, Robert W. AU - Burkett, Virginia AU - Cayan, Daniel R. AU - Fogarty, Michael AU - Harwell, Mark A. AU - Howarth, Robert W. AU - Mason, Curt AU - Reed, Denise J. AU - Royer, Thomas C. AU - Sallenger, Asbury H. AU - Titus, James G. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/BF02691304 IS - 2 PY - 2002 SN - 01608347 SP - 149-164 ST - Climate change impacts on U.S. coastal and marine ecosystems T2 - Estuaries TI - Climate change impacts on U.S. coastal and marine ecosystems VL - 25 ID - 15303 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schädel, Christina AU - Bader, Martin K. F. AU - Schuur, Edward A. G. AU - Biasi, Christina AU - Bracho, Rosvel AU - Capek, Petr AU - De Baets, Sarah AU - Diakova, Katerina AU - Ernakovich, Jessica AU - Estop-Aragones, Cristian AU - Graham, David E. AU - Hartley, Iain P. AU - Iversen, Colleen M. AU - Kane, Evan AU - Knoblauch, Christian AU - Lupascu, Massimo AU - Martikainen, Pertti J. AU - Natali, Susan M. AU - Norby, Richard J. AU - O'Donnell, Jonathan A. AU - Chowdhury, Taniya Roy AU - Santruckova, Hana AU - Shaver, Gaius AU - Sloan, Victoria L. AU - Treat, Claire C. AU - Turetsky, Merritt R. AU - Waldrop, Mark P. AU - Wickland, Kimberly P. DA - 10//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate3054 IS - 10 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 950-953 ST - Potential carbon emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Potential carbon emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils VL - 6 ID - 20306 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Degrading permafrost can alter ecosystems, damage infrastructure, and release enough carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) to influence global climate. The permafrost carbon feedback (PCF) is the amplification of surface warming due to CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from thawing permafrost. An analysis of available estimates PCF strength and timing indicate 120 ± 85 Gt of carbon emissions from thawing permafrost by 2100. This is equivalent to 5.7 ± 4.0% of total anthropogenic emissions for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario and would increase global temperatures by 0.29 ± 0.21 °C or 7.8 ± 5.7%. For RCP4.5, the scenario closest to the 2 °C warming target for the climate change treaty, the range of cumulative emissions in 2100 from thawing permafrost decreases to between 27 and 100 Gt C with temperature increases between 0.05 and 0.15 °C, but the relative fraction of permafrost to total emissions increases to between 3% and 11%. Any substantial warming results in a committed, long-term carbon release from thawing permafrost with 60% of emissions occurring after 2100, indicating that not accounting for permafrost emissions risks overshooting the 2 °C warming target. Climate projections in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), and any emissions targets based on those projections, do not adequately account for emissions from thawing permafrost and the effects of the PCF on global climate. We recommend the IPCC commission a special assessment focusing on the PCF and its impact on global climate to supplement the AR5 in support of treaty negotiation. AU - Schaefer, Kevin AU - Lantuit, Hugues AU - Vladimir, E. Romanovsky AU - Schuur, Edward A. G. AU - Witt, Ronald DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/085003 IS - 8 PY - 2014 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 085003 ST - The impact of the permafrost carbon feedback on global climate T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - The impact of the permafrost carbon feedback on global climate VL - 9 ID - 19516 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schauberger, Bernhard AU - Archontoulis, Sotirios AU - Arneth, Almut AU - Balkovic, Juraj AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Deryng, Delphine AU - Elliott, Joshua AU - Folberth, Christian AU - Khabarov, Nikolay AU - Müller, Christoph AU - Pugh, Thomas A. M. AU - Rolinski, Susanne AU - Schaphoff, Sibyll AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Wang, Xuhui AU - Schlenker, Wolfram AU - Frieler, Katja DA - 01/19/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms13931 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 13931 ST - Consistent negative response of US crops to high temperatures in observations and crop models T2 - Nature Communications TI - Consistent negative response of US crops to high temperatures in observations and crop models VL - 8 ID - 21163 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a supply-independent measure of the evaporative demand of a terrestrial climate—of basic importance in climatology, hydrology, and agriculture. Future increases in PET from greenhouse warming are often cited as key drivers of global trends toward drought and aridity. The present work computes recent and “business as usual” future Penman–Monteith PET fields at 3-hourly resolution in 13 modern global climate models. The percentage change in local annual-mean PET over the upcoming century is almost always positive, modally low double-digit in magnitude, usually increasing with latitude, yet quite divergent between models.These patterns are understood as follows. In every model, the global field of PET percentage change is found to be dominated by the direct, positive effects of constant-relative-humidity warming (via increasing vapor deficit and increasing Clausius–Clapeyron slope). This direct-warming term accurately scales as the PET-weighted (warm-season daytime) local warming, times 5%–6% °C−1 (related to the Clausius–Clapeyron equation), times an analytic factor ranging from about 0.25 in warm climates to 0.75 in cold climates, plus a small correction. With warming of several degrees, this product is of low double-digit magnitude, and the strong temperature dependence gives the latitude dependence. Similarly, the intermodel spread in the amount of warming gives most of the spread in this term. Additional spread in the total change comes from strong disagreement on radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed changes, which make smaller yet substantial contributions to the full PET percentage change fields. AU - Scheff, Jacob AU - Frierson, Dargan M. W. DA - 2013/11/01/ DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00233.1 DP - journals.ametsoc.org (Atypon) IS - 4 PY - 2013 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 1539-1558 ST - Scaling potential evapotranspiration with greenhouse warming T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Scaling potential evapotranspiration with greenhouse warming VL - 27 Y2 - 2017/09/26/20:16:31 ID - 22509 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anthropogenic climate change is now in full swing, our global average temperature already having increased by 1°C from preindustrial levels. Many studies have documented individual impacts of the changing climate that are particular to species or regions, but individual impacts are accumulating and being amplified more broadly. Scheffers et al. review the set of impacts that have been observed across genes, species, and ecosystems to reveal a world already undergoing substantial change. Understanding the causes, consequences, and potential mitigation of these changes will be essential as we move forward into a warming world. AU - Scheffers, Brett R. AU - De Meester, Luc AU - Bridge, Tom C. L. AU - Hoffmann, Ary A. AU - Pandolfi, John M. AU - Corlett, Richard T. AU - Butchart, Stuart H. M. AU - Pearce-Kelly, Paul AU - Kovacs, Kit M. AU - Dudgeon, David AU - Pacifici, Michela AU - Rondinini, Carlo AU - Foden, Wendy B. AU - Martin, Tara G. AU - Mora, Camilo AU - Bickford, David AU - Watson, James E. M. DO - 10.1126/science.aaf7671 IS - 6313 PY - 2016 ST - The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people T2 - Science TI - The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people VL - 354 ID - 25678 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Scheiter, Simon AU - Langan, Liam AU - Higgins, Steven I DO - 10.1111/nph.12210 IS - 3 PY - 2013 SN - 1469-8137 SP - 957-969 ST - Next‐generation dynamic global vegetation models: Learning from community ecology T2 - New Phytologist TI - Next‐generation dynamic global vegetation models: Learning from community ecology VL - 198 ID - 22637 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rationale: Identification of the minimal ozone (O3) concentration and/or dose that induces measurable lung function decrements in humans is considered in the risk assessment leading to establishing an appropriate National Ambient Air Quality Standard for O3 that protects public health.Objectives: To identify and/or predict the minimal mean O3 concentration that produces a decrement in FEV1 and symptoms in healthy individuals completing 6.6-hour exposure protocols.Methods: Pulmonary function and subjective symptoms were measured in 31 healthy adults (18–25 yr, male and female, nonsmokers) who completed five 6.6-hour chamber exposures: filtered air and four variable hourly patterns with mean O3 concentrations of 60, 70, 80, and 87 parts per billion (ppb).Measurements and Main Results: Compared with filtered air, statistically significant decrements in FEV1 and increases in total subjective symptoms scores (P < 0.05) were measured after exposure to mean concentrations of 70, 80, and 87 ppb O3. The mean percent change in FEV1 (±standard error) at the end of each protocol was 0.80 ± 0.90, −2.72 ± 1.48, −5.34 ± 1.42, −7.02 ± 1.60, and −11.42 ± 2.20% for exposure to filtered air and 60, 70, 80, and 87 ppb O3, respectively.Conclusions: Inhalation of 70 ppb O3 for 6.6 hours, a concentration below the current 8-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 75 ppb, is sufficient to induce statistically significant decrements in FEV1 in healthy young adults. AU - Schelegle, Edward S. AU - Morales, Christopher A. AU - Walby, William F. AU - Marion, Susan AU - Allen, Roblee P. DO - 10.1164/rccm.200809-1484OC IS - 3 KW - ozone,clinical study,exposure assessment,human PY - 2009 SP - 265-272 ST - 6.6-hour inhalation of ozone concentrations from 60 to 87 parts per billion in healthy humans T2 - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine TI - 6.6-hour inhalation of ozone concentrations from 60 to 87 parts per billion in healthy humans VL - 180 ID - 24242 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We employ Sentinel-1a C band satellite radar interferometry data in Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans mode to map the grounding line and ice velocity of Pope, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, in West Antarctica, for the years 2014–2016 and compare the results with those obtained using Earth Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS-1/2) in 1992, 1996, and 2011. We observe an ongoing, rapid grounding line retreat of Smith at 2 km/yr (40 km since 1996), an 11 km retreat of Pope (0.5 km/yr), and a 2 km readvance of Kohler since 2011. The variability in glacier retreat is consistent with the distribution of basal slopes, i.e., fast along retrograde beds and slow along prograde beds. We find that several pinning points holding Dotson and Crosson ice shelves disappeared since 1996 due to ice shelf thinning, which signal the ongoing weakening of these ice shelves. Overall, the results indicate that ice shelf and glacier retreat in this sector remain unabated. AU - Scheuchl, B. AU - Mouginot, J. AU - Rignot, E. AU - Morlighem, M. AU - Khazendar, A. DA - 2016/08/28/ DO - 10.1002/2016GL069287 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 16 KW - 0720 Glaciers 0728 Ice shelves 0758 Remote sensing 0762 Mass balance 0774 Dynamics Grounding Line Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar LA - en PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 8572–8579 ST - Grounding line retreat of Pope, Smith, and Kohler Glaciers, West Antarctica, measured with Sentinel-1a radar interferometry data T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Grounding line retreat of Pope, Smith, and Kohler Glaciers, West Antarctica, measured with Sentinel-1a radar interferometry data VL - 43 ID - 22510 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Scheyder, Ernest AU - Seba, Erwin DA - August 27 PY - 2017 ST - Harvey throws a wrench into US energy engine T2 - Reuters TI - Harvey throws a wrench into US energy engine UR - https://www.reuters.com/article/us-storm-harvey-energy-idUSKCN1B70YQ ID - 25303 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives. We evaluated trends and disparities in stroke death rates for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and White people by Indian Health Service region.Methods. We identified stroke deaths among AI/AN persons and Whites (adults aged 35 years or older) using National Vital Statistics System data for 1990 to 2009. We used linkages with Indian Health Service patient registration data to adjust for misclassification of race for AI/AN persons. Analyses excluded Hispanics and focused on Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) counties.Results. Stroke death rates among AI/AN individuals were higher than among Whites for both men and women in CHSDA counties and were highest in the youngest age groups. Rates and AI/AN:White rate ratios varied by region, with the highest in Alaska and the lowest in the Southwest. Stroke death rates among AI/AN persons decreased in all regions beginning in 2001.Conclusions. Although stroke death rates among AI/AN populations have decreased over time, rates are still higher for AI/AN persons than for Whites. Interventions that address reducing stroke risk factors, increasing awareness of stroke symptoms, and increasing access to specialty care for stroke may be more successful at reducing disparities in stroke death rates. AU - Schieb, Linda J. AU - Ayala, Carma AU - Valderrama, Amy L. AU - Veazie, Mark A. DO - 10.2105/ajph.2013.301698 IS - S3 PY - 2014 SP - S368-S376 ST - Trends and disparities in stroke mortality by region for American Indians and Alaska Natives T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Trends and disparities in stroke mortality by region for American Indians and Alaska Natives VL - 104 ID - 24921 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schilthuizen, Menno AU - Kellermann, Vanessa DO - 10.1111/eva.12116 IS - 1 KW - adaptation Drosophila insects land snails phenotypic plasticity temperature stress PY - 2014 SN - 1752-4571 SP - 56-67 ST - Contemporary climate change and terrestrial invertebrates: Evolutionary versus plastic changes T2 - Evolutionary Applications TI - Contemporary climate change and terrestrial invertebrates: Evolutionary versus plastic changes VL - 7 ID - 23450 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Urban crime may be an important but overlooked public health impact of rising ambient temperatures. We conducted a time series analysis of associations between temperature and crimes in Philadelphia, PA, for years 2006–2015. We obtained daily crime data from the Philadelphia Police Department, and hourly temperature and dew point data from the National Centers for Environmental Information. We calculated the mean daily heat index and daily deviations from each year’s seasonal mean heat index value. We used generalized additive models with a quasi-Poisson distribution, adjusted for day of the week, public holiday, and long-term trends and seasonality, to estimate relative rates (RR) and 95% confidence intervals. We found that the strongest associations were with violent crime and disorderly conduct. For example, relative to the median of the distribution of mean daily heat index values, the rate of violent crimes was 9% (95% CI 6–12%) higher when the mean daily heat index was at the 99th percentile of the distribution. There was a positive, linear relationship between deviations of the daily mean heat index from the seasonal mean and rates of violent crime and disorderly conduct, especially in cold months. Overall, these analyses suggest that disorderly conduct and violent crimes are highest when temperatures are comfortable, especially during cold months. This work provides important information regarding the temporal patterns of crime activity. AU - Schinasi, Leah H. AU - Hamra, Ghassan B. DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s11524-017-0181-y IS - 6 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1468-2869 SP - 892-900 ST - A time series analysis of associations between daily temperature and crime events in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania T2 - Journal of Urban Health TI - A time series analysis of associations between daily temperature and crime events in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania VL - 94 ID - 25981 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schlenker, W. AU - Roberts, M.J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1073/pnas.0906865106 IS - 37 PY - 2009 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 15594-15598 ST - Nonlinear temperature effects indicate severe damages to U.S. crop yields under climate change T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Nonlinear temperature effects indicate severe damages to U.S. crop yields under climate change VL - 106 ID - 15310 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Social and political tensions keep on fueling armed conflicts around the world. Although each conflict is the result of an individual context-specific mixture of interconnected factors, ethnicity appears to play a prominent and almost ubiquitous role in many of them. This overall state of affairs is likely to be exacerbated by anthropogenic climate change and in particular climate-related natural disasters. Ethnic divides might serve as predetermined conflict lines in case of rapidly emerging societal tensions arising from disruptive events like natural disasters. Here, we hypothesize that climate-related disaster occurrence enhances armed-conflict outbreak risk in ethnically fractionalized countries. Using event coincidence analysis, we test this hypothesis based on data on armed-conflict outbreaks and climate-related natural disasters for the period 1980–2010. Globally, we find a coincidence rate of 9% regarding armed-conflict outbreak and disaster occurrence such as heat waves or droughts. Our analysis also reveals that, during the period in question, about 23% of conflict outbreaks in ethnically highly fractionalized countries robustly coincide with climatic calamities. Although we do not report evidence that climate-related disasters act as direct triggers of armed conflicts, the disruptive nature of these events seems to play out in ethnically fractionalized societies in a particularly tragic way. This observation has important implications for future security policies as several of the world’s most conflict-prone regions, including North and Central Africa as well as Central Asia, are both exceptionally vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change and characterized by deep ethnic divides. AU - Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich AU - Donges, Jonathan F. AU - Donner, Reik V. AU - Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim DA - August 16, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1601611113 IS - 33 PY - 2016 SP - 9216-9221 ST - Armed-conflict risks enhanced by climate-related disasters in ethnically fractionalized countries T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Armed-conflict risks enhanced by climate-related disasters in ethnically fractionalized countries VL - 113 ID - 22049 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As they have in response to past climatic changes, many species will shift their distributions in response to modern climate change. However, due to the unprecedented rapidity of projected climatic changes, some species may not be able to move their ranges fast enough to track shifts in suitable climates and associated habitats. Here, we investigate the ability of 493 mammals to keep pace with projected climatic changes in the Western Hemisphere. We modeled the velocities at which species will likely need to move to keep pace with projected changes in suitable climates. We compared these velocities with the velocities at which species are able to move as a function of dispersal distances and dispersal frequencies. Across the Western Hemisphere, on average, 9.2% of mammals at a given location will likely be unable to keep pace with climate change. In some places, up to 39% of mammals may be unable to track shifts in suitable climates. Eighty-seven percent of mammalian species are expected to experience reductions in range size and 20% of these range reductions will likely be due to limited dispersal abilities as opposed to reductions in the area of suitable climate. Because climate change will likely outpace the response capacity of many mammals, mammalian vulnerability to climate change may be more extensive than previously anticipated. AD - School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. cschloss@u.washington.edu AU - Schloss, C. A. AU - Nunez, T. A. AU - Lawler, J. J. C2 - 3365214 C6 - NIEHS DA - May 29 DB - DO - 10.1073/pnas.1116791109 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2012/05/16 IS - 22 KW - Algorithms Animals Climate Climate Change Ecosystem Geography Humans Mammals/classification/ growth & development Models, Biological North America Population Dynamics South America Species Specificity LA - eng PY - 2012 SN - 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking) SP - 8606-11 ST - Dispersal will limit ability of mammals to track climate change in the Western Hemisphere T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Dispersal will limit ability of mammals to track climate change in the Western Hemisphere VL - 109 ID - 5137 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Marine phytoplankton may adapt to ocean change, such as acidification or warming, because of their large population sizes and short generation times. Long-term adaptation to novel environments is a dynamic process, and phenotypic change can take place thousands of generations after exposure to novel conditions. We conducted a long-term evolution experiment (4 years = 2100 generations), starting with a single clone of the abundant and widespread coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi exposed to three different CO2 levels simulating ocean acidification (OA). Growth rates as a proxy for Darwinian fitness increased only moderately under both levels of OA [+3.4% and +4.8%, respectively, at 1100 and 2200 μatm partial pressure of CO2 (Pco2)] relative to control treatments (ambient CO2, 400 μatm). Long-term adaptation to OA was complex, and initial phenotypic responses of ecologically important traits were later reverted. The biogeochemically important trait of calcification, in particular, that had initially been restored within the first year of evolution was later reduced to levels lower than the performance of nonadapted populations under OA. Calcification was not constitutively lost but returned to control treatment levels when high CO2–adapted isolates were transferred back to present-day control CO2 conditions. Selection under elevated CO2 exacerbated a general decrease of cell sizes under long-term laboratory evolution. Our results show that phytoplankton may evolve complex phenotypic plasticity that can affect biogeochemically important traits, such as calcification. Adaptive evolution may play out over longer time scales (>1 year) in an unforeseen way under future ocean conditions that cannot be predicted from initial adaptation responses. AU - Schlüter, Lothar AU - Lohbeck, Kai T. AU - Gröger, Joachim P. AU - Riebesell, Ulf AU - Reusch, Thorsten B. H. DO - 10.1126/sciadv.1501660 IS - 7 PY - 2016 ST - Long-term dynamics of adaptive evolution in a globally important phytoplankton species to ocean acidification T2 - Science Advances TI - Long-term dynamics of adaptive evolution in a globally important phytoplankton species to ocean acidification VL - 2 ID - 24824 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Schmandt, Jurgen AU - North, Gerald R. AU - Clarkson, Judith CY - Austin, TX ET - 2nd PB - University of Texas Press PY - 2011 SN - 978-0-292-74405-9 SP - 328 ST - The Impact of Global Warming on Texas TI - The Impact of Global Warming on Texas ID - 23286 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Many studies have found significant associations between high ambient temperatures and increases in heat-related morbidity and mortality. Several studies have demonstrated that increases in heat-related hospitalizations are elevated among individuals with diagnosed mental illnesses and/or behavioral disorders (MBD). However, there are a limited number of studies regarding risk factors associated with specific mental illnesses that contribute, at least in part, to heat-related illnesses (HRI) in the United States. Objective To identify and characterize individual and environmental risk factors associated with MBD hospitalizations with a concurrent HRI diagnosis. Methods This study uses hospitalization data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2001–2010). Descriptive analyses of primary and secondary diagnoses of MBDs with an HRI were examined. Risk ratios (RR) were calculated from multivariable models to identify risk factors for hospitalizations among patients with mental illnesses and/or behavioral disorders and HRI. Results Nondependent alcohol/drug abuse, dementia, and schizophrenia were among the disorders that were associated with increased frequency of HRI hospitalizations among MBD patients. Increased risk of MBD hospitalizations with HRI was observed for Males (RR, 3.06), African Americans (RR, 1.16), Native Americans (RR, 1.70), uninsured (RR, 1.92), and those 40 years and older, compared to MBD hospitalizations alone. Conclusions Previous studies outside the U.S. have found that dementia and schizophrenia are significant risk factors for HRI hospitalizations. Our results suggest that hospitalizations among substance abusers may also be an important risk factor associated with heat morbidity. Improved understanding of these relative risks could help inform future public health strategies. AU - Schmeltz, Michael T. AU - Gamble, Janet L. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0186509 IS - 10 PY - 2017 SP - e0186509 ST - Risk characterization of hospitalizations for mental illness and/or behavioral disorders with concurrent heat-related illness T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Risk characterization of hospitalizations for mental illness and/or behavioral disorders with concurrent heat-related illness VL - 12 ID - 26234 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schmidt, Charles W. C2 - PMC4829390 DA - Apr DO - 10.1289/ehp.124-A70 DP - NLM ET - 2016/04/02 IS - 4 KW - Allergens/immunology Asthma/epidemiology Carbon Dioxide *Climate Change Plant Physiological Phenomena Pollen/*immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/*epidemiology/immunology Seasons Spores, Fungal/immunology Temperature United States/epidemiology LA - eng PY - 2016 SN - 0091-6765 SP - A70-A75 ST - Pollen overload: Seasonal allergies in a changing climate T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Pollen overload: Seasonal allergies in a changing climate VL - 124 ID - 22286 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schmidtko, Sunke AU - Stramma, Lothar AU - Visbeck, Martin DA - 02/16/print DO - 10.1038/nature21399 IS - 7641 M3 - Letter PY - 2017 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 335-339 ST - Decline in global oceanic oxygen content during the past five decades T2 - Nature TI - Decline in global oceanic oxygen content during the past five decades VL - 542 ID - 20695 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat waves and air pollution episodes pose a serious threat to human health and may worsen under future climate change. In this paper, we use 15 years (1999–2013) of commensurately gridded (1° x 1°) surface observations of extended summer (April–September) surface ozone (O3), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and maximum temperature (TX) over the eastern United States and Canada to construct a climatology of the coincidence, overlap, and lag in space and time of their extremes. Extremes of each quantity are defined climatologically at each grid cell as the 50 d with the highest values in three 5-y windows (∼95th percentile). Any two extremes occur on the same day in the same grid cell more than 50% of the time in the northeastern United States, but on a domain average, co-occurrence is approximately 30%. Although not exactly co-occurring, many of these extremes show connectedness with consistent offsets in space and in time, which often defy traditional mechanistic explanations. All three extremes occur primarily in large-scale, multiday, spatially connected episodes with scales of >1,000 km and clearly coincide with large-scale meteorological features. The largest, longest-lived episodes have the highest incidence of co-occurrence and contain extreme values well above their local 95th percentile threshold, by +7 ppb for O3, +6 µg m−3 for PM2.5, and +1.7 °C for TX. Our results demonstrate the need to evaluate these extremes as synergistic costressors to accurately quantify their impacts on human health. AU - Schnell, Jordan L. AU - Prather, Michael J. DA - March 14, 2017 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1614453114 IS - 11 PY - 2017 SP - 2854-2859 ST - Co-occurrence of extremes in surface ozone, particulate matter, and temperature over eastern North America T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Co-occurrence of extremes in surface ozone, particulate matter, and temperature over eastern North America VL - 114 ID - 24241 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wildfires across western North America have increased in number and size over the past three decades, and this trend will continue in response to further warming. As a consequence, the wildland–urban interface is projected to experience substantially higher risk of climate-driven fires in the coming decades. Although many plants, animals, and ecosystem services benefit from fire, it is unknown how ecosystems will respond to increased burning and warming. Policy and management have focused primarily on specified resilience approaches aimed at resistance to wildfire and restoration of areas burned by wildfire through fire suppression and fuels management. These strategies are inadequate to address a new era of western wildfires. In contrast, policies that promote adaptive resilience to wildfire, by which people and ecosystems adjust and reorganize in response to changing fire regimes to reduce future vulnerability, are needed. Key aspects of an adaptive resilience approach are (i) recognizing that fuels reduction cannot alter regional wildfire trends; (ii) targeting fuels reduction to increase adaptation by some ecosystems and residential communities to more frequent fire; (iii) actively managing more wild and prescribed fires with a range of severities; and (iv) incentivizing and planning residential development to withstand inevitable wildfire. These strategies represent a shift in policy and management from restoring ecosystems based on historical baselines to adapting to changing fire regimes and from unsustainable defense of the wildland–urban interface to developing fire-adapted communities. We propose an approach that accepts wildfire as an inevitable catalyst of change and that promotes adaptive responses by ecosystems and residential communities to more warming and wildfire. AU - Schoennagel, Tania AU - Balch, Jennifer K. AU - Brenkert-Smith, Hannah AU - Dennison, Philip E. AU - Harvey, Brian J. AU - Krawchuk, Meg A. AU - Mietkiewicz, Nathan AU - Morgan, Penelope AU - Moritz, Max A. AU - Rasker, Ray AU - Turner, Monica G. AU - Whitlock, Cathy DO - 10.1073/pnas.1617464114 IS - 18 PY - 2017 SP - 4582-4590 ST - Adapt to more wildfire in western North American forests as climate changes T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Adapt to more wildfire in western North American forests as climate changes VL - 114 ID - 25176 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Because of increasing concern about the effects of catastrophic wildland fires throughout the western United States, federal land managers have been engaged in efforts to restore historical fire behavior and mitigate wildfire risk. During the last 5 years (2004–2008), 44,000 fuels treatments were implemented across the western United States under the National Fire Plan (NFP). We assessed the extent to which these treatments were conducted in and near the wildland–urban interface (WUI), where they would have the greatest potential to reduce fire risk in neighboring homes and communities. Although federal policies stipulate that significant resources should be invested in the WUI, we found that only 3% of the area treated was within the WUI, and another 8% was in an additional 2.5-km buffer around the WUI, totaling 11%. Only 17% of this buffered WUI is under federal ownership, which significantly limits the ability of federal agencies to implement fire-risk reduction treatments near communities. Although treatments far from the WUI may have some fire mitigation benefits, our findings suggest that greater priority must be given to locating treatments in and near the WUI, rather than in more remote settings, to satisfy NFP goals of reducing fire risk to communities. However, this may require shifting management and policy emphasis from public to private lands. AU - Schoennagel, Tania AU - Nelson, Cara R. AU - Theobald, David M. AU - Carnwath, Gunnar C. AU - Chapman, Teresa B. DO - 10.1073/pnas.0900991106 IS - 26 PY - 2009 SP - 10706-10711 ST - Implementation of National Fire Plan treatments near the wildland–urban interface in the western United States T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Implementation of National Fire Plan treatments near the wildland–urban interface in the western United States VL - 106 ID - 25449 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Scholin, Christopher A. AU - Gulland, Frances AU - Doucette, Gregory J. AU - Benson, Scott AU - Busman, Mark AU - Chavez, Francisco P. AU - Cordaro, Joe AU - DeLong, Robert AU - De Vogelaere, Andrew AU - Harvey, James AU - Haulena, Martin AU - Lefebvre, Kathi AU - Lipscomb, Tom AU - Loscutoff, Susan AU - Lowenstine, Linda J. AU - Marin Iii, Roman AU - Miller, Peter E. AU - McLellan, William A. AU - Moeller, Peter D. R. AU - Powell, Christine L. AU - Rowles, Teri AU - Silvagni, Paul AU - Silver, Mary AU - Spraker, Terry AU - Trainer, Vera AU - Van Dolah, Frances M. DA - 01/06/online DO - 10.1038/47481 PY - 2000 SP - 80-84 ST - Mortality of sea lions along the central California coast linked to a toxic diatom bloom T2 - Nature TI - Mortality of sea lions along the central California coast linked to a toxic diatom bloom VL - 403 ID - 23656 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Despite interest in the importance of social equity to sustainability, there is concern that equity is often left behind in practice relative to environmental and economic imperatives. We analyze recent climate and sustainability action plans from a sample of twenty-eight medium and large U.S. cities, finding that few made social equity a prominent goal of their plans, although there is a discernible trend in this direction. We present case studies of three cities that incorporated social equity goals, concluding that sustainability planning efforts provide strategic opportunities to pursue equity goals, especially where capacity exists among community-based actors to intervene and participate. AU - Schrock, Greg AU - Bassett, Ellen M. AU - Green, Jamaal DO - 10.1177/0739456x15580022 IS - 3 KW - sustainability,equity planning,climate action planning,participatory planning PY - 2015 SP - 282-295 ST - Pursuing equity and justice in a changing climate: Assessing equity in local climate and sustainability plans in U.S. cities T2 - Journal of Planning Education and Research TI - Pursuing equity and justice in a changing climate: Assessing equity in local climate and sustainability plans in U.S. cities VL - 35 ID - 24099 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Drought affects virtually every region of the world, and potential shifts in its character in a changing climate are a major concern. This article presents a synthesis of current understanding of meteorological drought, with a focus on the large-scale controls on precipitation afforded by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, land surface feedbacks, and radiative forcings. The synthesis is primarily based on regionally focused articles submitted to the Global Drought Information System (GDIS) collection together with new results from a suite of atmospheric general circulation model experiments intended to integrate those studies into a coherent view of drought worldwide. On interannual time scales, the preeminence of ENSO as a driver of meteorological drought throughout much of the Americas, eastern Asia, Australia, and the Maritime Continent is now well established, whereas in other regions (e.g., Europe, Africa, and India), the response to ENSO is more ephemeral or nonexistent. Northern Eurasia, central Europe, and central and eastern Canada stand out as regions with few SST-forced impacts on precipitation on interannual time scales. Decadal changes in SST appear to be a major factor in the occurrence of long-term drought, as highlighted by apparent impacts on precipitation of the late 1990s “climate shifts” in the Pacific and Atlantic SST. Key remaining research challenges include (i) better quantification of unforced and forced atmospheric variability as well as land–atmosphere feedbacks, (ii) better understanding of the physical basis for the leading modes of climate variability and their predictability, and (iii) quantification of the relative contributions of internal decadal SST variability and forced climate change to long-term drought. AU - Schubert, Siegfried D. AU - Stewart, Ronald E. AU - Wang, Hailan AU - Barlow, Mathew AU - Berbery, Ernesto H. AU - Cai, Wenju AU - Hoerling, Martin P. AU - Kanikicharla, Krishna K. AU - Koster, Randal D. AU - Lyon, Bradfield AU - Mariotti, Annarita AU - Mechoso, Carlos R. AU - Müller, Omar V. AU - Rodriguez-Fonseca, Belen AU - Seager, Richard AU - Seneviratne, Sonia I. AU - Zhang, Lixia AU - Zhou, Tianjun DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-15-0452.1 IS - 11 KW - Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena,Drought,Precipitation,Sea surface temperature,Variability,Climate variability,Decadal variability,Interannual variability PY - 2016 SP - 3989-4019 ST - Global meteorological drought: A synthesis of current understanding with a focus on SST drivers of precipitation deficits T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Global meteorological drought: A synthesis of current understanding with a focus on SST drivers of precipitation deficits VL - 29 ID - 26349 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Schuessler, Ryan DA - 6 April PY - 2016 ST - Will an ivory ban criminalize indigenous artists’ work in Alaska? T2 - The Guardian TI - Will an ivory ban criminalize indigenous artists’ work in Alaska? UR - https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/apr/06/ivory-ban-criminalize-indigenous-artists-alaska ID - 24967 ER - TY - BOOK AB - High-reliability management of critical infrastructures-the safe and continued provision of electricity, natural gas, telecommunications, transportation, and water-is a social imperative. Loss of service in interconnected critical infrastructure systems (ICISs) after hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, and tsunamis and their delayed large-scale recovery have turned these events into catastrophes. Reliability and Risk reveals a neglected management dimension and provides a new framework for understanding interconnected infrastructures, their potential for cascading failure, and how to improve their reliability and reduce risk of system failure. The book answers two questions: How are modern interconnected infrastructures managed and regulated for reliability? How can policy makers, analysts, managers, and citizenry better promote reliability in interconnected systems whose failures can scarcely be imagined? The current consensus is that the answers lie in better design, technology, and regulation, but the book argues that these have inevitable shortfalls and that it is dangerous to stop there. The framework developed in Reliability and Risk draws from first-of-its-kind research at the infrastructure crossroads of California, the California Delta, in the San Francisco Bay region. The book demonstrates that infrastructure reliability in an interconnected world must be managed by system professionals in real time. AU - Schulman, Paul AU - Roe, Emery C4 - 9f316b11-0ea5-4aff-b638-9bb9737cd7b6 DO - 10.11126/stanford/9780804793933.001.0001 KW - High-reliability management interconnected critical infrastructure systems risk assessment risk management infrastructure design technology regulation system failure large-scale recovery regulated reliability ER LA - eng PB - Stanford University Press PY - 2016 SN - 9780804793933 SP - 264 ST - Reliability and Risk: The Challenge of Managing Interconnected Infrastructures TI - Reliability and Risk: The Challenge of Managing Interconnected Infrastructures ID - 25304 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Prairie strips are a new conservation technology designed to alleviate biodiversity loss and environmental damage associated with row-crop agriculture. Results from a multiyear, catchment-scale experiment comparing corn and soybean fields with and without prairie vegetation indicated prairie strips raised pollinator and bird abundance, decreased water runoff, and increased soil and nutrient retention. These benefits accrued at levels disproportionately greater than the land area occupied by prairie strips. Social surveys revealed demand among both farm and nonfarm populations for the outcomes prairie strips produced. We estimated prairie strips could be used to improve biodiversity and ecosystem services across 3.9 million ha of cropland in Iowa and a large portion of the 69 million ha under similar management in the United States.Loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystem services from agricultural lands remain important challenges in the United States despite decades of spending on natural resource management. To date, conservation investment has emphasized engineering practices or vegetative strategies centered on monocultural plantings of nonnative plants, largely excluding native species from cropland. In a catchment-scale experiment, we quantified the multiple effects of integrating strips of native prairie species amid corn and soybean crops, with prairie strips arranged to arrest run-off on slopes. Replacing 10% of cropland with prairie strips increased biodiversity and ecosystem services with minimal impacts on crop production. Compared with catchments containing only crops, integrating prairie strips into cropland led to greater catchment-level insect taxa richness (2.6-fold), pollinator abundance (3.5-fold), native bird species richness (2.1-fold), and abundance of bird species of greatest conservation need (2.1-fold). Use of prairie strips also reduced total water runoff from catchments by 37%, resulting in retention of 20 times more soil and 4.3 times more phosphorus. Corn and soybean yields for catchments with prairie strips decreased only by the amount of the area taken out of crop production. Social survey results indicated demand among both farming and nonfarming populations for the environmental outcomes produced by prairie strips. If federal and state policies were aligned to promote prairie strips, the practice would be applicable to 3.9 million ha of cropland in Iowa alone. AU - Schulte, Lisa A. AU - Niemi, Jarad AU - Helmers, Matthew J. AU - Liebman, Matt AU - Arbuckle, J. Gordon AU - James, David E. AU - Kolka, Randall K. AU - O’Neal, Matthew E. AU - Tomer, Mark D. AU - Tyndall, John C. AU - Asbjornsen, Heidi AU - Drobney, Pauline AU - Neal, Jeri AU - Van Ryswyk, Gary AU - Witte, Chris DO - 10.1073/pnas.1620229114 IS - 42 PY - 2017 SP - 11247-11252 ST - Prairie strips improve biodiversity and the delivery of multiple ecosystem services from corn–soybean croplands T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Prairie strips improve biodiversity and the delivery of multiple ecosystem services from corn–soybean croplands VL - 114 ID - 26607 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schulte, P. A. AU - Bhattacharya, A. AU - Butler, C. R. AU - Chun, H. K. AU - Jacklitsch, B. AU - Jacobs, T. AU - Kiefer, M. AU - Lincoln, J. AU - Pendergrass, S. AU - Shire, J. AU - Watson, J. AU - Wagner, G. R. DA - 2016/11/01 DO - 10.1080/15459624.2016.1179388 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SN - 1545-9624 SP - 847-865 ST - Advancing the framework for considering the effects of climate change on worker safety and health T2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene TI - Advancing the framework for considering the effects of climate change on worker safety and health VL - 13 ID - 25313 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Multi-level governance networks provide both opportunities and challenges to mainstream climate change adaptation due to their routine decision-making and coordination processes. This paper explores institutionalizing resilience and adaptation to climate change in the intergovernmental transportation planning processes that address bridge infrastructure in the Northeastern United States (USA), specifically in Vermont and Maine. The research presented here relies on nine interviews with policy-makers and planners, a survey of transportation project prioritization criteria, development of a longitudinal bridge funding database, and its integration with publicly available geospatial data. It presents a novel spatial analysis methodology, a modified version of which could be adopted by transportation agencies for prioritizing scarce adaptation funds. Although transportation agencies are undertaking a variety of mitigation activities to address business-as-usual needs, climate change adaptation and resilience efforts remain underprioritized. Adaptation is a global concern, but impacts vary dramatically between regions and require localized solutions. Bridges and culverts, which are especially vulnerable to climate-induced flooding impacts, have complex maintenance and design processes and are subject to convoluted adaptation planning procedures. Critical gaps in resources and knowledge are barriers to improved adaptation planning. Restructuring the transportation project prioritization procedures used by planning organizations to explicitly include adaptation may provide a novel strategy to institutionalize resilience in transportation. These procedures must be considered in the context of the intergovernmental networks that exist to support transportation infrastructure. Although these networks will likely vary across countries, the approaches introduced here to study and address transportation infrastructure adaptation may be applied to many settings. AU - Schulz, Anna AU - Zia, Asim AU - Koliba, Christopher DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s11027-015-9672-x IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1596 SP - 175-198 ST - Adapting bridge infrastructure to climate change: Institutionalizing resilience in intergovernmental transportation planning processes in the Northeastern USA T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - Adapting bridge infrastructure to climate change: Institutionalizing resilience in intergovernmental transportation planning processes in the Northeastern USA VL - 22 ID - 26037 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study examines the characteristics of a large number of extreme rain events over the eastern two-thirds of the United States. Over a 5-yr period, 184 events are identified where the 24-h precipitation total at one or more stations exceeds the 50-yr recurrence amount for that location. Over the entire region of study, these events are most common in July. In the northern United States, extreme rain events are confined almost exclusively to the warm season; in the southern part of the country, these events are distributed more evenly throughout the year. National composite radar reflectivity data are used to classify each event as a mesoscale convective system (MCS), a synoptic system, or a tropical system, and then to classify the MCS and synoptic events into subclassifications based on their organizational structures. This analysis shows that 66% of all the events and 74% of the warm-season events are associated with MCSs; nearly all of the cool-season events are caused by storms with strong synoptic forcing. Similarly, nearly all of the extreme rain events in the northern part of the country are caused by MCSs; synoptic and tropical systems play a larger role in the South and East. MCS-related events are found to most commonly begin at around 1800 local standard time (LST), produce their peak rainfall between 2100 and 2300 LST, and dissipate or move out of the affected area by 0300 LST. AU - Schumacher, Russ S. AU - Johnson, Richard H. DO - 10.1175/waf900.1 IS - 1 PY - 2006 SP - 69-85 ST - Characteristics of U.S. extreme rain events during 1999–2003 T2 - Weather and Forecasting TI - Characteristics of U.S. extreme rain events during 1999–2003 VL - 21 ID - 20860 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Schupp, Courtney A. AU - Beavers, Rebecca L. AU - Caffrey, Maria A. CY - Fort Collins, CO PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service PY - 2015 SP - 60 ST - Coastal Adaptation Strategies: Case Studies T2 - NPS 999/129700 TI - Coastal Adaptation Strategies: Case Studies UR - https://www.nps.gov/subjects/climatechange/upload/2015-11-25-FINAL-CAS-Case-Studies-LoRes.pdf ID - 26258 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schuster, Paul F. AU - Striegl, Robert G. AU - Aiken, George R. AU - Krabbenhoft, David P. AU - Dewild, John F. AU - Butler, Kenna AU - Kamark, Ben AU - Dornblaser, Mark DA - 2011/11/01 DO - 10.1021/es202068b IS - 21 PY - 2011 SN - 0013-936X SP - 9262-9267 ST - Mercury export from the Yukon River Basin and potential response to a changing climate T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Mercury export from the Yukon River Basin and potential response to a changing climate VL - 45 ID - 22287 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schuur, E. A. G. AU - McGuire, A. D. AU - Schadel, C. AU - Grosse, G. AU - Harden, J. W. AU - Hayes, D. J. AU - Hugelius, G. AU - Koven, C. D. AU - Kuhry, P. AU - Lawrence, D. M. AU - Natali, S. M. AU - Olefeldt, D. AU - Romanovsky, V. E. AU - Schaefer, K. AU - Turetsky, M. R. AU - Treat, C. C. AU - Vonk, J. E. DA - 04/09/print DO - 10.1038/nature14338 IS - 7546 M3 - Review PY - 2015 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 171-179 ST - Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback T2 - Nature TI - Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback VL - 520 ID - 19517 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schuur, Edward A. G. AU - Vogel, Jason G. AU - Crummer, Kathryn G. AU - Lee, Hanna AU - Sickman, James O. AU - Osterkamp, T. E. DA - 05/28/print DO - 10.1038/nature08031 IS - 7246 PY - 2009 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 556-559 ST - The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra T2 - Nature TI - The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra VL - 459 ID - 20804 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Richmond, T.C. A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Schwartz, Henry G. AU - Meyer, Michael AU - Burbank, Cynthia J. AU - Kuby, Michael AU - Oster, Clinton AU - Posey, John AU - Russo, Edmond J. AU - Rypinski, Arthur C4 - e4c25546-49f9-48e5-abd1-62335e1549ca CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J06Q1V53 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 RN - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/transportation SP - 130-149 ST - Ch. 5: Transportation T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 5: Transportation ID - 8649 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schwartz, J.D. AU - M. Lee AU - P.L. Kinney AU - S. Yang AU - D. Mills AU - M. Sarofim AU - R. Jones AU - R. Streeter AU - A. St. Juliana AU - Peers, J. AU - Horton, R.M. DO - 10.1186/s12940-015-0071-2 PY - 2015 ST - Projections of temperature-attributable premature deaths in 209 U.S. cities using a cluster-based Poisson approach T2 - Environmental Health TI - Projections of temperature-attributable premature deaths in 209 U.S. cities using a cluster-based Poisson approach VL - 14 ID - 18811 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Schwartz, Lisa AU - Wei, Max AU - Morrow, William AU - Deason, Jeff AU - Schiller, Steven R. AU - Leventis, Greg AU - Smith, Sarah AU - Leow, Woei Ling AU - Levin, Todd AU - Plotkin, Steven AU - Zhou, Yan AU - Teng, Joseph CY - Berkeley, CA PB - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory PY - 2017 SN - LBNL-1006983 SP - 370 ST - Electricity End Uses, Energy Efficiency, and Distributed Energy Resources Baseline TI - Electricity End Uses, Energy Efficiency, and Distributed Energy Resources Baseline UR - http://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/lbnl-1006983.pdf ID - 26092 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schwartz, M. D. AU - Ahas, R. AU - Aasa, A. C6 - NCA DA - Feb DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01097.x IS - 2 KW - climate change; freeze dates; global warming; growing season; Northern; Hemisphere; phenology; spring; surface air-temperature; growing-season length; frost-free season; united-states; climatic extremes; deciduous forest; central-europe; green-wave; phenology; trends M3 - Article PY - 2006 SN - 1354-1013 SP - 343-351 ST - Onset of spring starting earlier across the Northern Hemisphere T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Onset of spring starting earlier across the Northern Hemisphere VL - 12 ID - 15335 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schwartz, Mark W. AU - Hellmann, Jessica J. AU - McLachlan, Jason M. AU - Sax, Dov F. AU - Borevitz, Justin O. AU - Brennan, Jean AU - Camacho, Alejandro E. AU - Ceballos, Gerardo AU - Clark, Jamie R. AU - Doremus, Holly AU - Early, Regan AU - Etterson, Julie R. AU - Fielder, Dwight AU - Gill, Jacquelyn L. AU - Gonzalez, Patrick AU - Green, Nancy AU - Hannah, Lee AU - Jamieson, Dale W. AU - Javeline, Debra AU - Minteer, Ben A. AU - Odenbaugh, Jay AU - Polasky, Stephen AU - Richardson, David M. AU - Root, Terry L. AU - Safford, Hugh D. AU - Sala, Osvaldo AU - Schneider, Stephen H. AU - Thompson, Andrew R. AU - Williams, John W. AU - Vellend, Mark AU - Vitt, Pati AU - Zellmer, Sandra C6 - NCA DA - 2012/08/01 DO - 10.1525/bio.2012.62.8.6 IS - 8 PY - 2012 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 732-743 ST - Managed relocation: Integrating the scientific, regulatory, and ethical challenges T2 - BioScience TI - Managed relocation: Integrating the scientific, regulatory, and ethical challenges VL - 62 Y2 - 2013/08/03 ID - 15336 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Six decades of observations at 20 coastal airports, from Alaska to southern California, reveal coherent interannual to interdecadal variation of coastal low cloudiness (CLC) from summer to summer over this broad region. The leading mode of CLC variability represents coherent variation, accounting for nearly 40% of the total CLC variance spanning 1950–2012. This leading mode and the majority of individual airports exhibit decreased low cloudiness from the earlier to the later part of the record. Exploring climatic controls on CLC, we identify North Pacific Sea Surface Temperature anomalies, largely in the form of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) as well correlated with, and evidently helping to organize, the coherent patterns of summer coastal cloud variability. Links from the PDO to summer CLC appear a few months in advance of the summer. These associations hold up consistently in interannual and interdecadal frequencies. AU - Schwartz, Rachel E. AU - Gershunov, Alexander AU - Iacobellis, Sam F. AU - Cayan, Daniel R. DO - 10.1002/2014GL059825 IS - 9 PY - 2014 SP - 3307-3314 ST - North American west coast summer low cloudiness: Broadscale variability associated with sea surface temperature T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - North American west coast summer low cloudiness: Broadscale variability associated with sea surface temperature VL - 41 ID - 26383 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Scigliano, Eric CY - Seattle, WA PB - National Fisheries Conservation Center PY - 2012 SP - 59 ST - Sweetening the Waters: The Feasibility and Efficacy of Measures to Protect Washington’s Marine Resources from Ocean Acidification TI - Sweetening the Waters: The Feasibility and Efficacy of Measures to Protect Washington’s Marine Resources from Ocean Acidification UR - https://www.eopugetsound.org/sites/default/files/features/resources/SweeteningtheWatersOptimized.pdf ID - 24797 ER - TY - RPRT AU - SCIPP C6 - NCA PB - Southern Climate Impacts and Planning Program (SCIPP), Oklahoma Climatological Survey, University of Oklahoma and Louisiana State University, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2012 SP - 20 ST - Southern Climate Impacts and Planning Program Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments Program 4th Annual Report: May 1, 2011–April 30, 2012: Norman, OK, and Baton Rouge, LA TI - Southern Climate Impacts and Planning Program Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments Program 4th Annual Report: May 1, 2011–April 30, 2012: Norman, OK, and Baton Rouge, LA UR - http://www.southernclimate.org/publications/SCIPP_2011-2012_Annual_Report.pdf ID - 15338 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Tortajada, Cecilia AB - Climate variability and change exert disproportionate impacts on the water sector because water is a crosscutting resource for food production, energy generation, economic development, poverty alleviation, and ecosystem processes. Flexible surface water and groundwater storage together with adaptive water governance are increasingly recognized and deployed to strengthen climate resilience, specifically by buffering drought and flood extremes, bridging interannual variability, and providing for multiple uses of water, including environmental flows. Adaptation can be further enhanced by the following: (1) accounting for hydroclimatic and water-demand uncertainties; (2) strengthening institutional learning in relation to reservoirs (reoperations as well as mechanisms to address growing civil-society critiques of “hard-path dependence”); (3) increasing flexibility of policies for infrastructure (including readaptation to past cycles of infrastructure development); and (4) building on science-policy dialogues that link infrastructure and governance. An array of complementary adaptation tools will buttress climate resilience. Some emerging techniques include underground storage, distributed basin-wide enhancement of water retention, efficient water use (with limits on the expansion of new demands on saved water), and wastewater reclamation and reuse (with their own emerging storage and recovery techniques). Each of these techniques is directly linked to reservoirs in practical and operational terms. Conjunctive surface-water and groundwater storage must be further developed through infrastructure, institutional, and policy approaches including groundwater banking, trading and credit schemes, water swaps (substitutions and exchanges), and a robust approach to targeted water storage for climate resilience. AU - Scott, Christopher A. AU - Lutz-Ley, America N. C4 - 989a4051-8b5e-475c-9885-b9a0788e8d1e CY - Singapore DO - 10.1007/978-981-10-1914-2_2 PB - Springer Singapore PY - 2016 SN - 978-981-10-1914-2 SP - 15-40 ST - Enhancing water governance for climate resilience: Arizona, USA—Sonora, Mexico comparative assessment of the role of reservoirs in adaptive management for water security T2 - Increasing Resilience to Climate Variability and Change: The Roles of Infrastructure and Governance in the Context of Adaptation TI - Enhancing water governance for climate resilience: Arizona, USA—Sonora, Mexico comparative assessment of the role of reservoirs in adaptive management for water security ID - 22050 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Winter recreation is an important part of the cultural identity of the Northeast United States and is a multibillion dollar contributor to the regional economy. This study examined the vulnerability of the two largest winter recreation industries, snowmobiling and alpine skiing, to four climate change scenarios for the twenty-first century. Under all scenarios, natural snow became an increasingly scarce resource. The diminished natural snow pack had a very negative impact on the snowmobile industry. As early as 2010–2039, 4 to 6 of the 15 snowmobile study areas were projected to lose more than half of the current season. Reliable snowmobile seasons (>50 days) were virtually eliminated in the region under the A1Fi scenarios by 2070–2099. The large investment in snowmaking substantially reduced the vulnerability of the ski industry and climate change posed a risk to only 4 of the 14 ski areas in 2010–2039, where average ski seasons declined below 100 days and the probability of being open for the entire Christmas–New Year’s holiday declined below 75%. Conversely, by 2070–2099 only four ski study areas had not reached these same economic risk criteria. In order to minimize ski season losses, snowmaking requirements are projected to increase substantially, raising important uncertainties about water availability and cost. Climate change represents a notable threat to the winter recreation sector in the Northeast, and the potential economic ramifications for businesses and communities heavily invested in winter tourism and related real estate is sizeable. AU - Scott, Daniel AU - Dawson, Jackie AU - Jones, Brenda DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s11027-007-9136-z IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2008 SN - 1573-1596 SP - 577-596 ST - Climate change vulnerability of the US Northeast winter recreation– tourism sector T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - Climate change vulnerability of the US Northeast winter recreation– tourism sector VL - 13 ID - 21712 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Scott, Daniel AU - Hall, C. Michael AU - Stefan, Gossling C4 - 17e82b07-bf50-4664-a0b7-d25ed87cdae5 CY - New York PB - Routledge PY - 2012 SN - 9780415668859 SP - 442 ST - Tourism and Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation TI - Tourism and Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation ID - 21652 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Regardless of the success of climate change mitigation efforts, the international community has concluded that societies around the world will need to adapt to some magnitude of climate change in the 21st century. While some economic sectors (e.g., agriculture, water resources and construction) have been actively engaged in climate change adaptation research for years, adaptation has received scant consideration within the tourism-recreation industry. This is particularly the case for adaptation by tourism operators (supply-side). One exception where progress on supply-side climate adaptation has been made is the ski industry. This paper provides a brief overview of the literature on the implications of climate change for the international ski industry and how adaptation by ski area operators has been treated within these studies. This is followed by an inventory of climate adaptation practices currently used by ski industry stakeholders, including the historical development of certain key adaptations and constraints to wider use. The characteristics of ski areas with higher adaptive capacity are identified. Considering the highly competitive nature of the ski industry and the generally low climate change risk appraisal within the industry, climate change adaptation is anticipated to remain individualistic and reactive for some time. With only a few exceptions, the existing climate change literature on winter tourism has not considered the wide range of adaptation options identified in this paper and has likely overestimated potential damages. An important task for future studies is to develop methodologies to incorporate adaptation so that a more accurate understanding of the vulnerability of the international ski industry can be ascertained. AU - Scott, Daniel AU - McBoyle, Geoff DA - December 02 DO - 10.1007/s11027-006-9071-4 IS - 8 M3 - journal article PY - 2006 SN - 1573-1596 SP - 1411 ST - Climate change adaptation in the ski industry T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - Climate change adaptation in the ski industry VL - 12 ID - 25950 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The winter tourism industry has been repeatedly identified as potentially vulnerable to global climate change. Climate change impact assessments of ski areas in Australia, Europe and North America all project negative consequences for the industry. An important limitation of earlier studies has been the incomplete consideration of snowmaking as a climate adaptation strategy. Recognising that snowmaking is an integral component of the ski industry, this study examined how current and improved snowmaking capacity affects the vulnerability of the ski industry in southern Ontario (Canada) to climate variability and change. A 17 yr record of daily snow conditions and operations from a primary ski area in the region was used to calibrate a ski season simulation model that included a snowmaking module with climatic thresholds and operational decision rules based on interviews with ski area managers. Climate change scenarios (2020s, 2050s, 2080s) were developed by downscaling climate variables from 4 general circulation models (using both IS92a and SRES emission scenarios) with the LARS weather generator (parameterized to local climate stations) for input into a daily snow depth simulation model. In contrast to earlier studies, the results indicate that ski areas in the region could remain operational in a warmer climate, particularly within existing business planning and investment time horizons (into the 2020s). The economic impact of additional snowmaking requirements remains an important uncertainty. Under climate change scenarios and current snowmaking technology, the average ski season at the case study ski area was projected to reduce by 0-16% in the 2020s, 7-32% in the 2050s and 11-50% in the 2080s. Concurrent with the projected ski season losses, the estimated amount of snowmaking required increased by 36-144% in the scenarios for the 2020s. Required snowmaking amounts increased by 48-187% in the scenarios for the 2020s. The ability of individual ski areas to absorb additional snowmaking costs and remain economically viable in addition to the relative impact of climate change on other nearby ski regions (Québec, Michigan and Vermont) remain important avenues of further research. The findings reveal the importance of examining a wide range of climate change scenarios and the necessity of including snowmaking and other adaptation strategies in future climate change vulnerability assessments of the ski industry and winter tourism in other regions of the world. AU - Scott, Daniel AU - McBoyle, Geoff AU - Mills, Brian DO - 10.3354/cr023171 IS - 2 PY - 2003 SP - 171-181 ST - Climate change and the skiing industry in southern Ontario (Canada): Exploring the importance of snowmaking as a technical adaptation T2 - Climate Research TI - Climate change and the skiing industry in southern Ontario (Canada): Exploring the importance of snowmaking as a technical adaptation VL - 23 ID - 21713 ER - TY - PRESS AU - Scott, Rick CY - Tallahassee, FL DA - September 9 PY - 2017 ST - Gov. Scott issues updates on Hurricane Irma preparedness TI - Gov. Scott issues updates on Hurricane Irma preparedness UR - https://www.flgov.com/2017/09/09/gov-scott-issues-updates-on-hurricane-irma-preparedness-10/ ID - 26312 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Scott, Robert W. AU - Huff, Floyd A. DA - 1996/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/S0380-1330(96)71006-7 IS - 4 KW - Great Lakes precipitation temperature clouds vapor pressure climate impacts PY - 1996 SN - 0380-1330 SP - 845-863 ST - Impacts of the Great Lakes on regional climate conditions T2 - Journal of Great Lakes Research TI - Impacts of the Great Lakes on regional climate conditions VL - 22 ID - 21151 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The decline in Arctic sea ice cover has been widely documented and it is clear that this change is having profound impacts locally. An emerging and highly uncertain area of scientific research, however, is whether such Arctic change has a tangible effect on weather and climate at lower latitudes. Of particular societal relevance is the open question: will continued Arctic sea ice loss make mid-latitude weather more extreme? Here we analyse idealized atmospheric general circulation model simulations, using two independent models, both forced by projected Arctic sea ice loss in the late twenty-first century. We identify robust projected changes in regional temperature and precipitation extremes arising solely due to Arctic sea ice loss. The likelihood and duration of cold extremes are projected to decrease over high latitudes and over central and eastern North America, but to increase over central Asia. Hot extremes are projected to increase in frequency and duration over high latitudes. The likelihood and severity of wet extremes are projected to increase over high latitudes, the Mediterranean and central Asia; and their intensity is projected to increase over high latitudes and central and eastern Asia. The number of dry days over mid-latitude Eurasia and dry spell duration over high latitudes are both projected to decrease. There is closer model agreement for projected changes in temperature extremes than for precipitation extremes. Overall, we find that extreme weather over central and eastern North America is more sensitive to Arctic sea ice loss than over other mid-latitude regions. Our results are useful for constraining the role of Arctic sea ice loss in shifting the odds of extreme weather, but must not be viewed as deterministic projections, as they do not account for drivers other than Arctic sea ice loss. AU - Screen, James A. AU - Deser, Clara AU - Sun, Lantao DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084006 IS - 8 PY - 2015 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 084006 ST - Projected changes in regional climate extremes arising from Arctic sea ice loss T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Projected changes in regional climate extremes arising from Arctic sea ice loss VL - 10 ID - 19871 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Screen, James A. AU - Simmonds, Ian C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/nature09051 IS - 7293 PY - 2010 SN - 0028-0836, 1476-4687 SP - 1334-1337 ST - The central role of diminishing sea ice in recent Arctic temperature amplification T2 - Nature TI - The central role of diminishing sea ice in recent Arctic temperature amplification VL - 464 ID - 15342 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The atmospheric and oceanic causes of North American droughts are examined using observations and ensemble climate simulations. The models indicate that oceanic forcing of annual mean precipitation variability accounts for up to 40% of total variance in northeastern Mexico, the southern Great Plains, and the Gulf Coast states but less than 10% in central and eastern Canada. Observations and models indicate robust tropical Pacific and tropical North Atlantic forcing of annual mean precipitation and soil moisture with the most heavily influenced areas being in southwestern North America and the southern Great Plains. In these regions, individual wet and dry years, droughts, and decadal variations are well reproduced in atmosphere models forced by observed SSTs. Oceanic forcing was important in causing multiyear droughts in the 1950s and at the turn of the twenty-first century, although a similar ocean configuration in the 1970s was not associated with drought owing to an overwhelming influence of internal atmospheric variability. Up to half of the soil moisture deficits during severe droughts in the southeast United States in 2000, Texas in 2011, and the central Great Plains in 2012 were related to SST forcing, although SST forcing was an insignificant factor for northern Great Plains drought in 1988. During the early twenty-first century, natural decadal swings in tropical Pacific and North Atlantic SSTs have contributed to a dry regime for the United States. Long-term changes caused by increasing trace gas concentrations are now contributing to a modest signal of soil moisture depletion, mainly over the U.S. Southwest, thereby prolonging the duration and severity of naturally occurring droughts. AU - Seager, Richard AU - Hoerling, Martin DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-13-00329.1 IS - 12 KW - North America,Atmosphere-ocean interaction,Climate variability,Hydrometeorology PY - 2014 SP - 4581-4606 ST - Atmosphere and ocean origins of North American droughts T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Atmosphere and ocean origins of North American droughts VL - 27 ID - 23852 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The causes of the California drought during November–April winters of 2011/12–2013/14 are analyzed using observations and ensemble simulations with seven atmosphere models forced by observed SSTs. Historically, dry California winters are most commonly associated with a ridge off the west coast but no obvious SST forcing. Wet winters are most commonly associated with a trough off the west coast and an El Niño event. These attributes of dry and wet winters are captured by many of the seven models. According to the models, SST forcing can explain up to a third of California winter precipitation variance. SST forcing was key to sustaining a high pressure ridge over the west coast and suppressing precipitation during the three winters. In 2011/12 this was a response to a La Niña event, whereas in 2012/13 and 2013/14 it appears related to a warm west–cool east tropical Pacific SST pattern. All models contain a mode of variability linking such tropical Pacific SST anomalies to a wave train with a ridge off the North American west coast. This mode explains less variance than ENSO and Pacific decadal variability, and its importance in 2012/13 and 2013/14 was unusual. The models from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5) project rising greenhouse gases to cause changes in California all-winter precipitation that are very small compared to recent drought anomalies. However, a long-term warming trend likely contributed to surface moisture deficits during the drought. As such, the precipitation deficit during the drought was dominated by natural variability, a conclusion framed by discussion of differences between observed and modeled tropical SST trends. AU - Seager, Richard AU - Hoerling, Martin AU - Schubert, Siegfried AU - Wang, Hailan AU - Lyon, Bradfield AU - Kumar, Arun AU - Nakamura, Jennifer AU - Henderson, Naomi DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00860.1 IS - 18 KW - North America,Drought,Interannual variability PY - 2015 SP - 6997-7024 ST - Causes of the 2011–14 California drought T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Causes of the 2011–14 California drought VL - 28 ID - 20258 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Searchinger, Tim AU - Edwards, R AU - Mulligan, D AU - Heimlich, R AU - Plevin, R DO - 10.1126/science.1261221 IS - 6229 PY - 2015 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 1420-1422 ST - Do biofuel policies seek to cut emissions by cutting food? T2 - Science TI - Do biofuel policies seek to cut emissions by cutting food? VL - 347 ID - 22639 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Searchinger, Timothy AU - Heimlich, Ralph AU - Houghton, R. A. AU - Dong, Fengxia AU - Elobeid, Amani AU - Fabiosa, Jacinto AU - Tokgoz, Simla AU - Hayes, Dermot AU - Yu, Tun-Hsiang DO - 10.1126/science.1151861 IS - 5867 PY - 2008 SP - 1238-1240 ST - Use of U.S. croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change T2 - Science TI - Use of U.S. croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change VL - 319 ID - 22640 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Seattle City Light CY - Seattle, WA PB - Seattle City Light PY - 2015 SP - 97 ST - Climate Change Vulnerability: Assessment and Adaptation Plan TI - Climate Change Vulnerability: Assessment and Adaptation Plan UR - http://www.seattle.gov/light/enviro/docs/Seattle_City_Light_Climate_Change_Vulnerability_Assessment_and_Adaptation_Plan.pdf ID - 21381 ER - TY - RPRT AU - SEC PB - U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) PY - 2014 ST - Filing Form 20-F: Marine Harvest ASA TI - Filing Form 20-F: Marine Harvest ASA UR - https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1578526/000110465914032214/a14-11076_120f.htm#A_DebtSecurities__235520 ID - 22136 ER - TY - RPRT AU - SEC PB - U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) PY - 2014 ST - Filing Form 10-K: Coca Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated TI - Filing Form 10-K: Coca Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated UR - https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/317540/000119312514100068/d642117d10k.htm ID - 22137 ER - TY - RPRT AU - SEC PB - U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) PY - 2016 ST - Filing Form 10-K: The Kraft Heinz Company TI - Filing Form 10-K: The Kraft Heinz Company UR - https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1637459/000163745916000100/khc10k1316.htm ID - 22134 ER - TY - RPRT AU - SEC PB - U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) PY - 2016 ST - Filing Form 10-K: PepsiCo, Inc. TI - Filing Form 10-K: PepsiCo, Inc. UR - https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/77476/000007747616000066/pepsico201510-k.htm ID - 22135 ER - TY - WEB AU - SECAS PB - Southeast Conservation Adaptation Strategy (SECAS) PY - n.d. ST - Southeast Conservation Adaptation Strategy TI - Southeast Conservation Adaptation Strategy UR - http://secassoutheast.org/ ID - 23483 ER - TY - WEB AU - Second Nature CY - Boston, MA M1 - March 30 PB - Second Nature Inc. PY - 2018 ST - Second Nature Reporting Platform [web tool] TI - Second Nature Reporting Platform [web tool] UR - http://reporting.secondnature.org/ VL - 2018 ID - 25225 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Seebens, Hanno AU - Blackburn, Tim M. AU - Dyer, Ellie E. AU - Genovesi, Piero AU - Hulme, Philip E. AU - Jeschke, Jonathan M. AU - Pagad, Shyama AU - Pyšek, Petr AU - Winter, Marten AU - Arianoutsou, Margarita AU - Bacher, Sven AU - Blasius, Bernd AU - Brundu, Giuseppe AU - Capinha, César AU - Celesti-Grapow, Laura AU - Dawson, Wayne AU - Dullinger, Stefan AU - Fuentes, Nicol AU - Jäger, Heinke AU - Kartesz, John AU - Kenis, Marc AU - Kreft, Holger AU - Kühn, Ingolf AU - Lenzner, Bernd AU - Liebhold, Andrew AU - Mosena, Alexander AU - Moser, Dietmar AU - Nishino, Misako AU - Pearman, David AU - Pergl, Jan AU - Rabitsch, Wolfgang AU - Rojas-Sandoval, Julissa AU - Roques, Alain AU - Rorke, Stephanie AU - Rossinelli, Silvia AU - Roy, Helen E. AU - Scalera, Riccardo AU - Schindler, Stefan AU - Štajerová, Kateřina AU - Tokarska-Guzik, Barbara AU - van Kleunen, Mark AU - Walker, Kevin AU - Weigelt, Patrick AU - Yamanaka, Takehiko AU - Essl, Franz DA - 02/15/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms14435 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 14435 ST - No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide T2 - Nature Communications TI - No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide VL - 8 ID - 23452 ER - TY - JOUR AB - How will warming temperatures influence thunderstorm severity? This question can be explored by using climate models to diagnose changes in large-scale convective instability (CAPE) and wind shear, conditions that are known to be conducive to the formation of severe thunderstorms. First, an ensemble of climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is evaluated on its ability to reproduce a radiosonde climatology of such storm-favorable conditions in the current climate’s spring and summer seasons, focusing on the contiguous United States (CONUS). Of the 11 climate models evaluated, a high-performing subset of four (GFDL CM3, GFDL-ESM2M, MRI-CGCM3, and NorESM1-M) is identified. Second, the twenty-first-century changes in the frequency of environments favorable to severe thunderstorms are calculated in these high-performing models as they are forced by the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emissions pathways. For the RCP8.5 scenario, the models predict consistent CONUS-mean fractional springtime increases in the range of 50%–180% by the end of the twenty-first century; for the summer, three of the four models predict increases in the range of 40%–120% and one model predicts a small decrease. This disagreement between the models is traced to divergent projections for future CAPE and boundary layer humidity in the Great Plains. This paper also explores the sensitivity of the results to the relative weight given to wind shear in determining how “favorable” a large-scale environment is for the development of severe thunderstorms, and it is found that this weighting is not the dominant source of uncertainty in projections of future thunderstorm severity. AU - Seeley, Jacob T. AU - Romps, David M. DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00382.1 IS - 6 KW - Convective storms,Wind shear,CAPE,Climate change,Hail PY - 2015 SP - 2443-2458 ST - The effect of global warming on severe thunderstorms in the United States T2 - Journal of Climate TI - The effect of global warming on severe thunderstorms in the United States VL - 28 ID - 19760 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Bierbaum, R. A2 - Holdren, J.P. A2 - MacCracken, M. A2 - Moss, R.H. A2 - Raven, P.H. A2 - Schellnhuber, H.J. AU - SEGCC C6 - NCA CY - Research Triangle Park, NC and Washington, DC PB - Scientific Expert Group on Climate Change, Sigma Xi and the United Nations Foundation PY - 2007 SP - 144 ST - Confronting Climate Change: Avoiding the Unmanageable and Managing the Unavoidable. Report Prepared for the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development TI - Confronting Climate Change: Avoiding the Unmanageable and Managing the Unavoidable. Report Prepared for the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development UR - http://www.globalproblems-globalsolutions-files.org/unf_website/PDF/climate%20_change_avoid_unmanagable_manage_unavoidable.pdf ID - 15349 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The provisioning of ecosystem services to society is increasingly under pressure from global change. Changing disturbance regimes are of particular concern in this context due to their high potential impact on ecosystem structure, function and composition. Resilience‐based stewardship is advocated to address these changes in ecosystem management, but its operational implementation has remained challenging. We review observed and expected changes in disturbance regimes and their potential impacts on provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting ecosystem services, concentrating on temperate and boreal forests. Subsequently, we focus on resilience as a powerful concept to quantify and address these changes and their impacts, and present an approach towards its operational application using established methods from disturbance ecology. We suggest using the range of variability concept – characterizing and bounding the long‐term behaviour of ecosystems – to locate and delineate the basins of attraction of a system. System recovery in relation to its range of variability can be used to measure resilience of ecosystems, allowing inferences on both engineering resilience (recovery rate) and monitoring for regime shifts (directionality of recovery trajectory). It is important to consider the dynamic nature of these properties in ecosystem analysis and management decision‐making, as both disturbance processes and mechanisms of resilience will be subject to changes in the future. Furthermore, because ecosystem services are at the interface between natural and human systems, the social dimension of resilience (social adaptive capacity and range of variability) requires consideration in responding to changing disturbance regimes in forests. Synthesis and applications. Based on examples from temperate and boreal forests we synthesize principles and pathways for fostering resilience to changing disturbance regimes in ecosystem management. We conclude that future work should focus on testing and implementing these pathways in different contexts to make ecosystem services provisioning more robust to changing disturbance regimes and advance our understanding of how to cope with change and uncertainty in ecosystem management. AU - Seidl, Rupert AU - Spies, Thomas A. AU - Peterson, David L. AU - Stephens, Scott L. AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. DO - 10.1111/1365-2664.12511 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 120-129 ST - REVIEW: Searching for resilience: Addressing the impacts of changing disturbance regimes on forest ecosystem services T2 - Journal of Applied Ecology TI - REVIEW: Searching for resilience: Addressing the impacts of changing disturbance regimes on forest ecosystem services VL - 53 ID - 25677 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forest disturbances are sensitive to climate. However, our understanding of disturbance dynamics in response to climatic changes remains incomplete, particularly regarding large-scale patterns, interaction effects and dampening feedbacks. Here we provide a global synthesis of climate change effects on important abiotic (fire, drought, wind, snow and ice) and biotic (insects and pathogens) disturbance agents. Warmer and drier conditions particularly facilitate fire, drought and insect disturbances, while warmer and wetter conditions increase disturbances from wind and pathogens. Widespread interactions between agents are likely to amplify disturbances, while indirect climate effects such as vegetation changes can dampen long-term disturbance sensitivities to climate. Future changes in disturbance are likely to be most pronounced in coniferous forests and the boreal biome. We conclude that both ecosystems and society should be prepared for an increasingly disturbed future of forests. AU - Seidl, Rupert AU - Thom, Dominik AU - Kautz, Markus AU - Martin-Benito, Dario AU - Peltoniemi, Mikko AU - Vacchiano, Giorgio AU - Wild, Jan AU - Ascoli, Davide AU - Petr, Michal AU - Honkaniemi, Juha AU - Lexer, Manfred J. AU - Trotsiuk, Volodymyr AU - Mairota, Paola AU - Svoboda, Miroslav AU - Fabrika, Marek AU - Nagel, Thomas A. AU - Reyer, Christopher P. O. DA - 06//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate3303 IS - 6 M3 - Review PY - 2017 SN - 1758-678X SP - 395-402 ST - Forest disturbances under climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Forest disturbances under climate change VL - 7 ID - 21161 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sekaluvu, Lawrence AU - Zhang, Lefei AU - Gitau, Margaret DA - 2018/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.063 KW - Water quality Total Phosphorus Soluble Reactive Phosphorus Western Lake Erie Basin Precipitation Land management PY - 2018 SN - 0301-4797 SP - 85-98 ST - Evaluation of constraints to water quality improvements in the Western Lake Erie Basin T2 - Journal of Environmental Management TI - Evaluation of constraints to water quality improvements in the Western Lake Erie Basin VL - 205 ID - 26608 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Seki, Osamu AU - Foster, Gavin L. AU - Schmidt, Daniela N. AU - Mackensen, Andreas AU - Kawamura, Kimitaka AU - Pancost, Richard D. DA - 3/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.037 IS - 1–2 KW - palaeo-pCO2 Pliocene alkenone δ13C boron isotopes ODP Site 999 PY - 2010 SN - 0012-821X SP - 201-211 ST - Alkenone and boron-based Pliocene pCO2 records T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Alkenone and boron-based Pliocene pCO2 records VL - 292 ID - 20598 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Selby, Jan AU - Dahi, Omar S. AU - Fröhlich, Christiane AU - Hulme, Mike DA - 2017/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.05.007 KW - Climate change Syria Drought Civil war PY - 2017 SN - 0962-6298 SP - 232-244 ST - Climate change and the Syrian civil war revisited T2 - Political Geography TI - Climate change and the Syrian civil war revisited VL - 60 ID - 22048 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Selden, Rebecca L. AU - Batt, Ryan D. AU - Saba, Vincent S. AU - Pinsky, Malin L. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13838 IS - 1 KW - climate change functional diversity marine predator–prey spatial overlap species distribution model PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 117-131 ST - Diversity in thermal affinity among key piscivores buffers impacts of ocean warming on predator–prey interactions T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Diversity in thermal affinity among key piscivores buffers impacts of ocean warming on predator–prey interactions VL - 24 ID - 21711 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Phinney, Jonathan T. A2 - Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove A2 - Kleypas, Joanie A2 - Skirving, William A2 - Strong, Al AU - Selig, Elizabeth R. AU - Drew Harvell, C. AU - Bruno, John F. AU - Willis, Bette L. AU - Page, Cathie A. AU - Casey, Kenneth S. AU - Sweatman, Hugh C4 - 51a5773a-f8d4-4c2b-8342-7cee7b799ac5 KW - Coral reefs and islands—Environmental aspects Climatic changes—Environmental aspects PB - American Geophysical Union PY - 2013 SN - 9781118666159 SP - 111-128 ST - Analyzing the relationship between ocean temperature anomalies and coral disease outbreaks at broad spatial scales T2 - Coral Reefs and Climate Change: Science and Management TI - Analyzing the relationship between ocean temperature anomalies and coral disease outbreaks at broad spatial scales UR - https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/61CE07 ID - 25002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sella, Giovanni F. AU - Stein, Seth AU - Dixon, Timothy H. AU - Craymer, Michael AU - James, Thomas S. AU - Mazzotti, Stephane AU - Dokka, Roy K. DO - 10.1029/2006GL027081 IS - 2 KW - 0726 Ice sheets 1211 Non-tectonic deformation 1221 Lunar and planetary geodesy and gravity 1236 Rheology of the lithosphere and mantle 1243 Space geodetic surveys PY - 2007 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L02306 ST - Observation of glacial isostatic adjustment in “stable” North America with GPS T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Observation of glacial isostatic adjustment in “stable” North America with GPS VL - 34 ID - 21710 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Semenza, Jan DO - 10.3390/ijerph120606333 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 6333-6351 ST - Prototype early warning systems for vector-borne diseases in Europe T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Prototype early warning systems for vector-borne diseases in Europe VL - 12 ID - 24081 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Semenza, Jan C. AU - Trinanes, Joaquin AU - Lohr, Wolfgang AU - Sudre, Bertrand AU - Löfdahl, Margareta AU - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime AU - Nichols, Gordon L. AU - Rocklöv, Joacim DO - 10.1289/EHP2198 IS - 10 PY - 2017 SP - 107004 ST - Environmental suitability of Vibrio infections in a warming climate: An early warning system T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Environmental suitability of Vibrio infections in a warming climate: An early warning system VL - 125 ID - 25338 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sen, Amartya C4 - 5f02165e-9a74-4481-8551-b39966625587 CY - Cambridge, MA PB - Belknap Press PY - 2011 SN - 9780674060470 SP - 493 ST - The Idea of Justice TI - The Idea of Justice ID - 24171 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Senina, Inna AU - Lehodey, Patrick AU - Calmettes, Beatriz AU - Nicol, Simon AU - Caillot, Sylvain AU - Hampton, John AU - Williams, Peter CY - Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia M3 - Twelfth Regualr Session of the Scientific Committee of the WCPFC NV - WCPFC-SC12-2016/EB WP-01 PB - Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) PY - 2016 SN - WCPFC-SC12-2016/EB WP-01 SP - 70 ST - Predicting Skipjack Tuna Dynamics and Effects of Climate Change Using SEAPODYM with Fishing and Tagging Data TI - Predicting Skipjack Tuna Dynamics and Effects of Climate Change Using SEAPODYM with Fishing and Tagging Data UR - https://www.wcpfc.int/node/27443 ID - 22513 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To better understand how individual processes combine to cause flooding and erosion events, we investigate the relative contribution of tides, waves, and nontidal residuals to extreme total water levels (TWLs) at the shoreline of U.S. West Coast sandy beaches. Extreme TWLs, defined as the observed annual maximum event and the simulated 100 year return level event, peak in Washington, and are on average larger in Washington and Oregon than in California. The relative contribution of wave‐induced and still water levels (SWL) to the 100 year TWL event is similar to that of the annual maximum event; however, the contribution of storm surge to the SWL doubles across events. Understanding the regional variability of TWLs will lead to a better understanding of how sea level rise, changes in storminess, and possible changes in the frequency of major El Niños may impact future coastal flooding and erosion along the U.S. West Coast and elsewhere. AU - Serafin, Katherine A. AU - Ruggiero, Peter AU - Stockdon, Hilary F. DO - 10.1002/2016GL071020 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SP - 1839-1847 ST - The relative contribution of waves, tides, and nontidal residuals to extreme total water levels on U.S. West Coast sandy beaches T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - The relative contribution of waves, tides, and nontidal residuals to extreme total water levels on U.S. West Coast sandy beaches VL - 44 ID - 25462 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Serdeczny, Olivia AU - Waters, Eleanor AU - Chan, Sander CY - Bonn, Germany N1 - ISBN: 978-3-88985-682-1 PB - Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik [German Development Institute] PY - 2016 RP - ISBN: 978-3-88985-682-1 SN - DIE Discussion Paper 3 SP - 29 ST - Non-economic Loss and Damage in the Context of Climate Change: Understanding the Challenges TI - Non-economic Loss and Damage in the Context of Climate Change: Understanding the Challenges UR - https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/DP_3.2016.pdf ID - 25365 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Serna, Joseph PY - 2017 ST - La Tuna Fire, city's biggest by acreage, now 80% contained, officials say T2 - Los Angeles Times TI - La Tuna Fire, city's biggest by acreage, now 80% contained, officials say UR - http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-verdugo-fire-containment-20170905-story.html ID - 23184 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Serreze, M. C. AU - Barrett, A. P. AU - Stroeve, J. C. AU - Kindig, D. N. AU - Holland, M. M. DO - 10.5194/tc-3-11-2009 IS - 1 PY - 2009 SN - 1994-0424 SP - 11-19 ST - The emergence of surface-based Arctic amplification T2 - The Cryosphere TI - The emergence of surface-based Arctic amplification VL - 3 ID - 20805 ER - TY - JOUR AB - September Arctic sea ice extent over the period of satellite observations has a strong downward trend, accompanied by pronounced interannual variability with a detrended 1 year lag autocorrelation of essentially zero. We argue that through a combination of thinning and associated processes related to a warming climate (a stronger albedo feedback, a longer melt season, the lack of especially cold winters) the downward trend itself is steepening. The lack of autocorrelation manifests both the inherent large variability in summer atmospheric circulation patterns and that oceanic heat loss in winter acts as a negative (stabilizing) feedback, albeit insufficient to counter the steepening trend. These findings have implications for seasonal ice forecasting. In particular, while advances in observing sea ice thickness and assimilating thickness into coupled forecast systems have improved forecast skill, there remains an inherent limit to predictability owing to the largely chaotic nature of atmospheric variability. AU - Serreze, Mark C. AU - Stroeve, Julienne DO - 10.1098/rsta.2014.0159 IS - 2045 PY - 2015 ST - Arctic sea ice trends, variability and implications for seasonal ice forecasting T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences TI - Arctic sea ice trends, variability and implications for seasonal ice forecasting VL - 373 ID - 24823 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sethi, Suresh Andrew AU - Riggs, William AU - Knapp, Gunnar DA - 2014/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.11.007 PY - 2014 SN - 0964-5691 SP - 21-30 ST - Metrics to monitor the status of fishing communities: An Alaska state of the state retrospective 1980–2010 T2 - Ocean & Coastal Management TI - Metrics to monitor the status of fishing communities: An Alaska state of the state retrospective 1980–2010 VL - 88 ID - 24822 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Seto, Karen C. AU - Solecki, William D. AU - Griffith, Corrie A. CY - London PB - Routledge PY - 2016 SN - 9780415732260 (hardback) 9781315859256 (eBook) SP - 582 ST - Routledge Handbook on Urbanization and Global Environmental Change TI - Routledge Handbook on Urbanization and Global Environmental Change ID - 21007 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Settle, Jeffrey AU - Gonso, Chris AU - Seidl, Mike CY - Indianapolis, IN NV - (Update of the 2010 Hoover/Settle Report) PB - Indiana State Department of Agriculture PY - 2016 SP - 25 ST - Indiana’s Hardwood Industry: Its Economic Impact TI - Indiana’s Hardwood Industry: Its Economic Impact UR - https://in.gov/isda/files/Indiana_Hardwoods_and_Their_Economic_Impact.pdf ID - 21275 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Seung, Chang AU - Ianelli, James DO - 10.1111/nrm.12092 IS - 2 KW - Sea surface temperature climate change Eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock fishery economic impacts PY - 2016 SN - 1939-7445 SP - 289-333 ST - Regional economic impacts of climate change: A computable general equilibrium analysis for an Alaska fishery T2 - Natural Resource Modeling TI - Regional economic impacts of climate change: A computable general equilibrium analysis for an Alaska fishery VL - 29 ID - 22288 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sévellec, Florian AU - Fedorov, Alexey V. AU - Liu, Wei DA - 07/31/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3353 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 604-610 ST - Arctic sea-ice decline weakens the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Arctic sea-ice decline weakens the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation VL - 7 ID - 23327 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Murphy, Kathy A2 - Keller, Paul AU - Sexton, Tim AU - Perkins, Jay AU - Rogers, Gene AU - Kerr, David AU - Engleman, Deanna AU - Wall, Deana AU - Swedberg, Tim AU - Pence, Morgan AU - Peterson, Janice AU - Graw, Rick AU - Murphy, Kathy AU - Strawn, Kathryn CY - Portland, OR PB - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region PY - 2016 SP - 281 ST - Narrative Timeline of the Pacific Northwest 2015 Fire Season TI - Narrative Timeline of the Pacific Northwest 2015 Fire Season UR - https://wfmrda.nwcg.gov/docs/_Reference_Materials/2015_Timeline_PNW_Season_FINAL.pdf ID - 24796 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Seylier, Emily AU - Veraart, Niek AU - Bartholomew, Ian AU - Stander, Daniel AU - Croope, Silvana CY - Washington, DC PB - Transportation Research Board PY - 2016 ST - Economic and Financial Dimensions to a Climate Resilient Transportation Infrastructure [webinar] TI - Economic and Financial Dimensions to a Climate Resilient Transportation Infrastructure [webinar] UR - http://www.trb.org/Calendar/Blurbs/174096.aspx ID - 26278 ER - TY - WEB AU - SFRCCC CY - Broward, Miami-Dade, Monroe, and Palm Beach Counties, FL PB - South Florida Regional Climate Change Compact (SFRCCC) PY - 2017 ST - Regional Climate Action Plan 2.0 [web tool] TI - Regional Climate Action Plan 2.0 [web tool] UR - http://www.southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org/regional-climate-action-plan/ ID - 26308 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Shafer, Mark AU - Brown, David AU - McNutt, Chad C4 - 1991da71-5c8a-4686-ba7e-8ab151021b99 DO - 10.1002/9781118474785.ch9 KW - drought climate services Southern Great Plains climate communication NIDIS PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd PY - 2016 SN - 9781118474785 SP - 191-212 ST - Managing the 2011 drought: A climate services partnership T2 - Climate in Context TI - Managing the 2011 drought: A climate services partnership ID - 23263 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Shafer, Mark AU - Garfin, Gregg CY - Norman, OK PB - Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program PY - 2014 SP - 10 ST - Rio Grande-Bravo Climate Outlook: A Summary of Survey Responses TI - Rio Grande-Bravo Climate Outlook: A Summary of Survey Responses UR - http://www.southernclimate.org/documents/Rio_Grande-Bravo_Outlook_Survey_Results_-_FINAL.pdf ID - 23291 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shafer, Sarah L. AU - Bartlein, Patrick J. AU - Thompson, Robert S. DO - 10.1007/s10021-001-0004-5 IS - 3 PY - 2001 SN - 1432-9840 1435-0629 SP - 200-215 ST - Potential changes in the distributions of western North America tree and shrub taxa under future climate scenarios T2 - Ecosystems TI - Potential changes in the distributions of western North America tree and shrub taxa under future climate scenarios VL - 4 ID - 22642 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Shaffer, Josh AU - Bennett, Abbie AU - Bylythe, Anne CY - Raleigh, NC DA - September 6 PY - 2017 ST - NC governor declares state of emergency ahead of 'powerful' Hurricane Irma: 'Get ready' T2 - The News & Observer TI - NC governor declares state of emergency ahead of 'powerful' Hurricane Irma: 'Get ready' UR - https://www.newsobserver.com/news/weather/article171616057.html ID - 26311 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shamberger, Kathryn E. F. AU - Cohen, Anne L. AU - Golbuu, Yimnang AU - McCorkle, Daniel C. AU - Lentz, Steven J. AU - Barkley, Hannah C. DO - 10.1002/2013GL058489 IS - 2 KW - coral reefs ocean acidification carbonate chemistry diversity Palau calcification 1615 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 1630 Impacts of global change 4220 Coral reef systems 4271 Physical and chemical properties of seawater 4806 Carbon cycling PY - 2014 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 499-504 ST - Diverse coral communities in naturally acidified waters of a Western Pacific reef T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Diverse coral communities in naturally acidified waters of a Western Pacific reef VL - 41 ID - 24901 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is mounting concern for the health of urban populations as cities expand at an unprecedented rate. Urban green spaces provide settings for a remarkable range of physical and mental health benefits, and pioneering health policy is recognizing nature as a cost-effective tool for planning healthy cities.Despite this, limited information on how specific elements of nature deliver health outcomes restricts its use for enhancing population health. We articulate a framework for identifying direct and indirect causal pathways through which nature delivers health benefits, and highlight current evidence.We see a need for a bold new research agenda founded on testing causality that transcends disciplinary boundaries between ecology and health. This will lead to cost-effective and tailored solutions that could enhance population health and reduce health inequalities. AN - 25602866 AU - Shanahan, Danielle F. AU - Lin, Brenda B. AU - Bush, Robert AU - Gaston, Kevin J. AU - Dean, Julie H. AU - Barber, Elizabeth AU - Fuller, Richard A. DO - 10.2105/ajph.2014.302324 IS - 3 PY - 2015 SP - 470-477 ST - Toward improved public health outcomes from urban nature T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Toward improved public health outcomes from urban nature VL - 105 ID - 25283 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shapiro, Shari DA - 2016/08/17 DO - 10.1080/09613218.2016.1156957 IS - 5-6 PY - 2016 SN - 0961-3218 SP - 490-506 ST - The realpolitik of building codes: Overcoming practical limitations to climate resilience T2 - Building Research & Information TI - The realpolitik of building codes: Overcoming practical limitations to climate resilience VL - 44 ID - 25284 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sharp Jr., John M. AU - Banner, Jay L. IS - 8 PY - 1997 SP - 1-9 ST - The Edwards aquifer: A resource in conflict T2 - GSA Today TI - The Edwards aquifer: A resource in conflict UR - http://www.eahcp.org/documents/1997_SharpBanner_EdwardsAquifer.pdf VL - 7 ID - 23295 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sharpley, Andrew DO - 10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0107 PY - 2016 SN - 0103-9016 SP - 1-8 ST - Managing agricultural phosphorus to minimize water quality impacts T2 - Scientia Agricola TI - Managing agricultural phosphorus to minimize water quality impacts VL - 73 ID - 23577 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shea, K.M. AU - Truckner, R.T. AU - Weber, R.W. AU - Peden, D.B. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.032 IS - 3 PY - 2008 SN - 0091-6749 SP - 443-453 ST - Climate change and allergic disease T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology TI - Climate change and allergic disease VL - 122 ID - 15371 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shearer, C. C6 - NCA PY - 2012 SP - 174-183 ST - The political ecology of climate adaptation assistance: Alaska Natives, displacement, and relocation T2 - Journal of Political Ecology TI - The political ecology of climate adaptation assistance: Alaska Natives, displacement, and relocation UR - http://jpe.library.arizona.edu/volume_19/Shearer.pdf VL - 19 ID - 15373 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sea surface temperature variations along the entire U.S. East Coast from 1875 to 2007 are characterized using a collection of historical observations from lighthouses and lightships combined with recent buoy and shore-based measurements. Long-term coastal temperature trends are warming in the Gulf of Maine [1.0° ± 0.3°C (100 yr)−1] and Middle Atlantic Bight [0.7° ± 0.3°C (100 yr)−1], whereas trends are weakly cooling or not significant in the South Atlantic Bight [−0.1° ± 0.3°C (100 yr)−1] and off Florida [−0.3° ± 0.2°C (100 yr)−1]. Over the last century, temperatures along the northeastern U.S. coast have warmed at a rate 1.8–2.5 times the regional atmospheric temperature trend but are comparable to warming rates for the Arctic and Labrador, the source of coastal ocean waters north of Cape Hatteras (36°N). South of Cape Hatteras, coastal ocean temperature trends match the regional atmospheric temperature trend. The observations and a simple model show that along-shelf transport, associated with the mean coastal current system running from Labrador to Cape Hatteras, is the mechanism controlling long-term temperature changes for this region and not the local air–sea exchange of heat. AU - Shearman, R. Kipp AU - Lentz, Steven J. DO - 10.1175/2009jpo4300.1 IS - 5 KW - Sea surface temperature PY - 2010 SP - 1004-1017 ST - Long-term sea surface temperature variability along the U.S. East Coast T2 - Journal of Physical Oceanography TI - Long-term sea surface temperature variability along the U.S. East Coast VL - 40 ID - 21709 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sheehan, William J. AU - Rangsithienchai, Pitud A. AU - Wood, Robert A. AU - Rivard, Don AU - Chinratanapisit, Sasawan Perzanowski, Matthew S. AU - Chew, Ginger L. AU - Seltzer, James M. AU - Matsui, Elizbeth C. AU - Phipatanakul, Wanda DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.01.023 IS - 3 KW - added by ERG PY - 2010 SP - 575-581 ST - Pest and allergen exposure and abatement in inner-city asthma: A Work Group Report of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Indoor Allergy/Air Pollution Committee T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology TI - Pest and allergen exposure and abatement in inner-city asthma: A Work Group Report of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Indoor Allergy/Air Pollution Committee VL - 125 ID - 23073 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sheffield, Perry AU - Uijttewaal, Simone AU - Stewart, James AU - Galvez, Maida DO - 10.3390/ijerph14111397 IS - 11 PY - 2017 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 1397 ST - Climate change and schools: Environmental hazards and resiliency T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Climate change and schools: Environmental hazards and resiliency VL - 14 ID - 26111 ER - TY - JOUR AB - I highlight how disturbance determines species distributions and the implications for conservation practice. In particular, I describe opportunities to mitigate some of the threats to species resulting from climate change. Ecological theory shows that disturbance processes can often slow or prevent the exclusion of species by competitors and that different disturbance regimes result in different realized niches. There is much evidence of disturbance influencing where species occur. For example, disturbance can lower the high elevation treeline, thus expanding the area for high elevation vegetation that cannot otherwise persist under tree cover. The role of disturbance in influencing interspecific competition and resulting species persistence and distributions appears unjustly neglected. I identify various implications, including opportunities to achieve in situ conservation by expanding plant species ranges and reducing species vulnerability to competitive exclusion. Suitable frequencies, scales, intensities, spatial configurations, and timings of the right forms of disturbance can improve the persistence of targeted species in a wide range of contexts. Such options could reduce the extinctions likely to be associated with climate change. More generally, these mechanisms and the resulting realizable niche also offer novel insights to understanding and manipulating species distributions. AU - Sheil, Douglas C7 - 10 DO - 10.5751/ES-07920-210110 IS - 1 KW - coexistence competition-colonization trade-off competitive displacement competitive hierarchy elevation intermediate-disturbance-hypothesis source-sink dynamics succession PY - 2016 SP - 10 ST - Disturbance and distributions: Avoiding exclusion in a warming world T2 - Ecology and Society TI - Disturbance and distributions: Avoiding exclusion in a warming world VL - 21 ID - 25676 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A safe, resilient, and sustainable transportation system for efficient freight flow is critically important to a nation’s economy. A major disruption to the transportation system due to extreme natural or human disasters can significantly affect the freight movement in the system. The purpose of this research was to develop a general framework to study disruptions to freight flows under an extreme event and apply the framework to retro-analyze the impact of 2005 Hurricane Katrina to the freight movement on the US highway network using a geographical information system, assignment models, and performance measures. Freight movement dynamics prior to and after the disaster are analyzed using aggregated measures such as vehicle mile traveled and vehicle time traveled for different types of roads in urban and rural areas in the USA. This research shows that when a disaster occurs to a part of the highway transportation network, the freight flow changes are not only local, but also regional and national, indicating that applying solely distance-based methods to modeling flow disruption effects may not capture the whole picture. The research provides some insights for pre‐ and post‐disaster decision makings that help lead to a resilient freight highway transportation system. AU - Shen, G. AU - Aydin, S. G. DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s13762-014-0677-x IS - 8 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1735-2630 SP - 2387-2402 ST - Highway freight transportation disruptions under an extreme environmental event: The case of Hurricane Katrina T2 - International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology TI - Highway freight transportation disruptions under an extreme environmental event: The case of Hurricane Katrina VL - 11 ID - 23999 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shen, L. AU - Mickley, L. J. AU - Murray, L. T. DO - 10.5194/acp-17-4355-2017 IS - 6 N1 - ACP PY - 2017 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 4355-4367 ST - Influence of 2000–2050 climate change on particulate matter in the United States: Results from a new statistical model T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Influence of 2000–2050 climate change on particulate matter in the United States: Results from a new statistical model VL - 17 ID - 24240 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Hansen, Andrew J. A2 - Monahan, William B. A2 - Olliff, S. Thomas A2 - Theobald, David M. AB - Effects of climate change over the next century will have important consequences for freshwater fish distributions and abundance. A fish’s body temperature closely mirrors that of its environment. Consequently, the physiology, ontogeny, and life histories of freshwater fishes are regulated by the timing and magnitude of streamflow and temperature regimes, which are directly influenced by climatic conditions. AU - Shepard, Bradley B. AU - Al-Chokhachy, Robert AU - Koel, Todd AU - Kulp, Matthew A. AU - Hitt, Nathaniel C4 - 1f1db865-ab05-437b-bbcf-8b30b9821bdf CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.5822/978-1-61091-713-1_12 PB - Island Press/Center for Resource Economics PY - 2016 SN - 978-1-61091-713-1 SP - 234-255 ST - Likely responses of native and invasive salmonid fishes to climate change in the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian Mountains T2 - Climate Change in Wildlands: Pioneering Approaches to Science and Management TI - Likely responses of native and invasive salmonid fishes to climate change in the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian Mountains ID - 21640 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND: Salt marshes lie between many human communities and the coast and have been presumed to protect these communities from coastal hazards by providing important ecosystem services. However, previous characterizations of these ecosystem services have typically been based on a small number of historical studies, and the consistency and extent to which marshes provide these services has not been investigated. Here, we review the current evidence for the specific processes of wave attenuation, shoreline stabilization and floodwater attenuation to determine if and under what conditions salt marshes offer these coastal protection services. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a thorough search and synthesis of the literature with reference to these processes. Seventy-five publications met our selection criteria, and we conducted meta-analyses for publications with sufficient data available for quantitative analysis. We found that combined across all studies (n = 7), salt marsh vegetation had a significant positive effect on wave attenuation as measured by reductions in wave height per unit distance across marsh vegetation. Salt marsh vegetation also had a significant positive effect on shoreline stabilization as measured by accretion, lateral erosion reduction, and marsh surface elevation change (n = 30). Salt marsh characteristics that were positively correlated to both wave attenuation and shoreline stabilization were vegetation density, biomass production, and marsh size. Although we could not find studies quantitatively evaluating floodwater attenuation within salt marshes, there are several studies noting the negative effects of wetland alteration on water quantity regulation within coastal areas. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results show that salt marshes have value for coastal hazard mitigation and climate change adaptation. Because we do not yet fully understand the magnitude of this value, we propose that decision makers employ natural systems to maximize the benefits and ecosystem services provided by salt marshes and exercise caution when making decisions that erode these services. AD - Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America. cshepard@ucsc.edu AU - Shepard, C. C. AU - Crain, C. M. AU - Beck, M. W. C2 - 3223169 C6 - NIEHS DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0027374 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2011/12/02 IS - 11 KW - Conservation of Natural Resources Ecosystem Floods Geography Humans Internationality Publications Seawater Sodium Chloride Water Movements Wetlands LA - eng N1 - Shepard, Christine C Crain, Caitlin M Beck, Michael W Meta-Analysis Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review United States PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27374. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027374. Epub 2011 Nov 23. PY - 2011 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1932-6203 (Electronic) 1932-6203 (Linking) SP - e27374 ST - The protective role of coastal marshes: A systematic review and meta-analysis T2 - PLOS ONE TI - The protective role of coastal marshes: A systematic review and meta-analysis VL - 6 ID - 8107 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shepard, Peggy M. AU - Corbin-Mark, Cecil DA - 2009/12/01 DO - 10.1089/env.2009.2402 IS - 4 PY - 2009 SN - 1939-4071 SP - 163-166 ST - Climate justice T2 - Environmental Justice TI - Climate justice VL - 2 Y2 - 2018/01/09 ID - 24098 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Shepherd, John AU - Caldeira, Ken AU - Cox, Peter AU - Haigh, Joanna AU - Keith, David AU - Launder, Brian AU - Mace, Georgina AU - MacKerron, Gordon AU - Pyle, John AU - Rayner, Steve AU - Redgwell, Catherine AU - Watson, Andrew CY - London, UK N1 - ISBN: 978-0-85403-773-5 PB - The Royal Society PY - 2009 RP - ISBN: 978-0-85403-773-5 SN - Report 10/09 SP - 82 ST - Geoengineering the Climate: Science, Governance and Uncertainty TI - Geoengineering the Climate: Science, Governance and Uncertainty UR - https://royalsociety.org/~/media/Royal_Society_Content/policy/publications/2009/8693.pdf ID - 26681 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shepherd, J Marshall DO - 10.1175/EI156.1 IS - 12 PY - 2005 SN - 1087-3562 SP - 1-27 ST - A review of current investigations of urban-induced rainfall and recommendations for the future T2 - Earth Interactions TI - A review of current investigations of urban-induced rainfall and recommendations for the future VL - 9 ID - 22643 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sheridan, Scott C. AU - Dixon, P. Grady DO - 10.1016/j.ancene.2016.10.001 KW - Heat mortality Climate change Heat wave Distributed lag nonlinear model PY - 2017 SN - 2213-3054 SP - 61-73 ST - Spatiotemporal trends in human vulnerability and adaptation to heat across the United States T2 - Anthropocene TI - Spatiotemporal trends in human vulnerability and adaptation to heat across the United States VL - 20 ID - 21125 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While the impacts of heat upon mortality and morbidity have been frequently studied, few studies have examined the relationship between heat, morbidity, and mortality across the same events. This research assesses the relationship between heat events and morbidity and mortality in New York City for the period 1991–2004. Heat events are defined based on oppressive weather types as determined by the Spatial Synoptic Classification. Morbidity data include hospitalizations for heat-related, respiratory, and cardiovascular causes; mortality data include these subsets as well as all-cause totals. Distributed-lag models assess the relationship between heat and health outcome for a cumulative 15-day period following exposure. To further refine analysis, subset analyses assess the differences between early- and late-season events, shorter and longer events, and earlier and later years. The strongest heat–health relationships occur with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and heat-related hospital admissions. The impacts of heat are greater during longer heat events and during the middle of summer, when increased mortality is still statistically significant after accounting for mortality displacement. Early-season heat waves have increases in mortality that appear to be largely short-term displacement. The impacts of heat on mortality have decreased over time. Heat-related hospital admissions have increased during this time, especially during the earlier days of heat events. Given the trends observed, it suggests that a greater awareness of heat hazards may have led to increased short-term hospitalizations with a commensurate decrease in mortality. AU - Sheridan, Scott C. AU - Lin, Shao DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s10393-014-0970-7 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1612-9210 SP - 512-525 ST - Assessing variability in the impacts of heat on health outcomes in New York City over time, season, and heat-wave duration T2 - EcoHealth TI - Assessing variability in the impacts of heat on health outcomes in New York City over time, season, and heat-wave duration VL - 11 ID - 23854 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sherrod, C.L. AU - McMillan, C. IS - 9 PY - 1985 SN - 0082-3449 SP - 129-140 ST - The distributional history and ecology of mangrove vegetation along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastal region T2 - Contributions in Marine Science TI - The distributional history and ecology of mangrove vegetation along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastal region UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1969.3/19073 VL - 28 ID - 24375 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sherson, Lauren R. AU - Van Horn, David J. AU - Gomez-Velez, Jesus D. AU - Crossey, Laura J. AU - Dahm, Clifford N. DO - 10.1002/hyp.10426 IS - 14 KW - nutrient dynamics continuous monitoring wildfire monsoonal storms water quality headwater streams PY - 2015 SN - 1099-1085 SP - 3193-3207 ST - Nutrient dynamics in an alpine headwater stream: Use of continuous water quality sensors to examine responses to wildfire and precipitation events T2 - Hydrological Processes TI - Nutrient dynamics in an alpine headwater stream: Use of continuous water quality sensors to examine responses to wildfire and precipitation events VL - 29 ID - 23855 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Problem, research strategy, and findings: Cities are increasingly experiencing the effects of climate change and taking steps to adapt to current and future natural hazard risks. Research on these efforts has identified numerous barriers to climate adaptation planning, but has not yet systematically evaluated the relative importance of different constraints for a large number of diverse cities. We draw on responses from 156 U.S. cities that participated in a 2011 global survey on local adaptation planning, 60% of which are planning for climate change. We use logistic regression analysis to assess the significance of 13 indicators measuring political leadership, fiscal and administrative resources, ability to obtain and communicate climate information, and state policies in predicting the status of adaptation planning. In keeping with the literature, we find that greater local elected officials? commitment, higher municipal expenditures per capita, and an awareness that the climate is already changing are associated with cities engaging in adaptation planning. The presence of state policies on climate adaptation is surprisingly not a statistically significant predictor, suggesting that current policies are not yet strong enough to increase local adaptation planning. However, the model's sampling bias toward larger and more environmentally progressive cities may mask the predictive power of state policies and other indicators.Takeaway for practice: State governments have an opportunity to increase local political commitment by integrating requirements for climate-risk evaluations into existing funding streams and investment plans. Regional planning entities also can help overcome the lack of local fiscal capacity and political support by facilitating the exchange of information, pooling and channeling resources, and providing technical assistance to local planners. AU - Shi, Linda AU - Chu, Eric AU - Debats, Jessica DA - 2015/07/03 DO - 10.1080/01944363.2015.1074526 IS - 3 KW - Urban Adaptation PY - 2015 SN - 0194-4363 SP - 191-202 ST - Explaining progress in climate adaptation planning across 156 U.S. municipalities T2 - Journal of the American Planning Association TI - Explaining progress in climate adaptation planning across 156 U.S. municipalities VL - 81 ID - 22845 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP21) highlighted the importance of cities to climate action, as well as the unjust burdens borne by the world's most disadvantaged peoples in addressing climate impacts. Few studies have documented the barriers to redressing the drivers of social vulnerability as part of urban local climate change adaptation efforts, or evaluated how emerging adaptation plans impact marginalized groups. Here, we present a roadmap to reorient research on the social dimensions of urban climate adaptation around four issues of equity and justice: (1) broadening participation in adaptation planning; (2) expanding adaptation to rapidly growing cities and those with low financial or institutional capacity; (3) adopting a multilevel and multi-scalar approach to adaptation planning; and (4) integrating justice into infrastructure and urban design processes. Responding to these empirical and theoretical research needs is the first step towards identifying pathways to more transformative adaptation policies. AU - Shi, L. D. AU - Chu, E. AU - Anguelovski, I. AU - Aylett, A. AU - Debats, J. AU - Goh, K. AU - Schenk, T. AU - Seto, K. C. AU - Dodman, D. AU - Roberts, D. AU - Roberts, J. T. AU - VanDeveer, S. D. DA - Feb DO - 10.1038/nclimate2841 IS - 2 KW - Urban Adaptation Climate justice PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 131-137 ST - Roadmap towards justice in urban climate adaptation research T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Roadmap towards justice in urban climate adaptation research VL - 6 ID - 22846 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Shifley, Stephen R. AU - Moser, W. Keith CY - Newtown Square, PA PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station PY - 2016 SN - Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-151 SP - 388 ST - Future Forests of the Northern United States TI - Future Forests of the Northern United States UR - https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/50448 ID - 21243 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Skiing heavily relies on specific weather and environmental conditions to make participation both feasible and enjoyable. The lack of published research on the relationships among ski activity, weather, and climate is, therefore, surprising, especially in light of mounting evidence regarding climate change. The analyses of the influence of daily weather variations on daily ski lift ticket sales at two Michigan ski resorts presented here appear to be the first of their kind. Results suggest that weather variables such as minimum and maximum temperature, snow depth, and wind chill do indeed have a statistically significant impact on downhill ski lift ticket sales. The regression models developed could be used by outdoor recreation and tourism providers for both short-term decision making and longer-term planning and management activities, in particular those involving consideration of climate change and potential adaptation strategies. AU - Shih, Charles AU - Nicholls, Sarah AU - Holecek, Donald F. DO - 10.1177/0047287508321207 IS - 3 KW - weather variability,climate change,skiing,Michigan PY - 2009 SP - 359-372 ST - Impact of weather on downhill ski lift ticket sales T2 - Journal of Travel Research TI - Impact of weather on downhill ski lift ticket sales VL - 47 ID - 25951 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - Kane, D.L. A2 - Hinkel, K.M. AU - Shiklomanov, N.E. AU - Streletskiy, D.A. AU - Nelson, F.E. CY - Salekhard, Russia PY - 2012 SP - 377-382 T2 - Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Permafrost TI - Northern Hemisphere component of the global Circumpolar Active Layer Monitory (CALM) program UR - http://research.iarc.uaf.edu/NICOP/proceedings/10th/TICOP_vol1.pdf VL - 1 ID - 20121 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Shilling, Fraser AU - Negrette, April AU - Biondini, Lori AU - Cardenas, Susana CY - Davis, CA PB - University of California-Davis PY - 2014 SP - 48 ST - California Tribes Fish-Use: Final Report TI - California Tribes Fish-Use: Final Report UR - https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/mercury/docs/tribes_%20fish_use.pdf ID - 26384 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shilling, Fraser AU - White, Aubrey AU - Lippert, Lucas AU - Lubell, Mark DA - 2010/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2010.02.002 IS - 4 KW - Fish contamination Mercury Fish consumption Subsistence fishing TMDL Clean Water Act PY - 2010 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 334-344 ST - Contaminated fish consumption in California’s Central Valley Delta T2 - Environmental Research TI - Contaminated fish consumption in California’s Central Valley Delta VL - 110 ID - 25982 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change threatens the health of urban residents in many ways. This qualitative study aims to understand how six U.S. cities are considering health adaptation when responding to climate change; 65 semistructured interviews were conducted with salient stakeholders across six U.S. cities (Boston, Massachusetts; Los Angeles, California; Portland, Oregon; Raleigh, North Carolina; Tampa, Florida; and Tucson, Arizona), and transcripts were analyzed to identify common themes. Each city’s (or county’s) most recent climate action plan was also analyzed. This study found that interviewees’ ability to understand the connection between climate and health was a major determinant for health adaptation implementation. In addition, institutional fragmentation in governance made it difficult to incorporate health concerns into broader climate planning. However, cross-sectoral collaborations and considerations of health cobenefits were shown to help overcome these barriers. These findings offer valuable insight regarding how policy makers and practitioners can safeguard public health from the effects of climate change. AU - Shimamoto, Mark M. AU - McCormick, Sabrina DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-16-0142.1 IS - 4 KW - Social Science,Disease,Emergency preparedness,Flood events,Heat islands,Societal impacts PY - 2017 SP - 777-785 ST - The role of health in urban climate adaptation: An analysis of six U.S. cities T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - The role of health in urban climate adaptation: An analysis of six U.S. cities VL - 9 ID - 24082 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Societal risks increase as Earth warms, and increase further for emissions trajectories accepting relatively high levels of near-term emissions while assuming future negative emissions will compensate, even if they lead to identical warming as trajectories with reduced near-term emissions 1 . Accelerating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reductions, including as a substitute for negative emissions, hence reduces long-term risks but requires dramatic near-term societal transformations 2 . A major barrier to emissions reductions is the difficulty of reconciling immediate, localized costs with global, long-term benefits3,4. However, 2 °C trajectories not relying on negative emissions or 1.5 °C trajectories require elimination of most fossil-fuel-related emissions. This generally reduces co-emissions that cause ambient air pollution, resulting in near-term, localized health benefits. We therefore examine the human health benefits of increasing 21st-century CO2 reductions by 180 GtC, an amount that would shift a ‘standard’ 2 °C scenario to 1.5 °C or could achieve 2 °C without negative emissions. The decreased air pollution leads to 153 ± 43 million fewer premature deaths worldwide, with ~40% occurring during the next 40 years, and minimal climate disbenefits. More than a million premature deaths would be prevented in many metropolitan areas in Asia and Africa, and >200,000 in individual urban areas on every inhabited continent except Australia. AU - Shindell, Drew AU - Faluvegi, Greg AU - Seltzer, Karl AU - Shindell, Cary DA - 2018/04/01 DO - 10.1038/s41558-018-0108-y IS - 4 PY - 2018 SN - 1758-6798 SP - 291-295 ST - Quantified, localized health benefits of accelerated carbon dioxide emissions reductions T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Quantified, localized health benefits of accelerated carbon dioxide emissions reductions VL - 8 ID - 25204 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shindell, Drew AU - Kuylenstierna, Johan C. I. AU - Vignati, Elizabeth AU - van Dingenen, Rita AU - Amann, Markus AU - Klimont, Zbigniew AU - Anenberg, Susan C. AU - Muller, Nicholas AU - Janssens-Maenhout, Greet AU - Raes, Frank AU - Schwartz, Joel AU - Faluvegi, Greg AU - Pozzoli, Luca AU - Kupiainen, Kaarle AU - Höglund-Isaksson, Lena AU - Emberson, Lisa AU - Streets, David AU - Ramanathan, V. AU - Hicks, Kevin AU - Oanh, N. T. Kim AU - Milly, George AU - Williams, Martin AU - Demkine, Volodymyr AU - Fowler, David C6 - NCA DA - Jan DO - 10.1126/science.1210026 IS - 6065 KW - black carbon; hydrological cycle; air-quality; emissions; ozone; impacts; projections; mortality; aerosols; monsoon LA - English M3 - Article PY - 2012 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 183-189 ST - Simultaneously mitigating near-term climate change and improving human health and food security T2 - Science TI - Simultaneously mitigating near-term climate change and improving human health and food security VL - 335 ID - 15395 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Methane emissions contribute to global warming, damage public health and reduce the yield of agricultural and forest ecosystems. Quantifying these damages to the planetary commons by calculating the social cost of methane (SCM) facilitates more comprehensive cost-benefit analyses of methane emissions control measures and is the first step to potentially incorporating them into the marketplace. Use of a broad measure of social welfare is also an attractive alternative or supplement to emission metrics focused on a temperature target in a given year as it incentivizes action to provide benefits over a broader range of impacts and timescales. Calculating the SCM using consistent temporal treatment of physical and economic processes and incorporating climate- and air quality-related impacts, we find large SCM values, e.g. [similar]$2400 per ton and [similar]$3600 per ton with 5% and 3% discount rates respectively. These values are [similar]100 and 50 times greater than corresponding social costs for carbon dioxide. Our results suggest that [similar]110 of 140 Mt of identified methane abatement via scaling up existing technology and policy options provide societal benefits that outweigh implementation costs. Within the energy sector, renewables compare far better against use of natural gas in electricity generation when incorporating these social costs for methane. In the agricultural sector, changes in livestock management practices, promoting healthy diets including reduced beef and dairy consumption, and reductions in food waste have been promoted as ways to mitigate emissions, and these are shown here to indeed have the potential to provide large societal benefits ([similar]$50-150 billion per year). Examining recent trends in methane and carbon dioxide, we find that increases in methane emissions may have offset much of the societal benefits from a slowdown in the growth rate of carbon dioxide emissions. The results indicate that efforts to reduce methane emissions via policies spanning a wide range of technical, regulatory and behavioural options provide benefits at little or negative net cost. Recognition of the full SCM, which has typically been undervalued, may help catalyze actions to reduce emissions and thereby provide a broad set of societal benefits. AU - Shindell, D. T. AU - Fuglestvedt, J. S. AU - Collins, W. J. DO - 10.1039/C7FD00009J M3 - 10.1039/C7FD00009J PY - 2017 SN - 1359-6640 SP - 429-451 ST - The social cost of methane: Theory and applications T2 - Faraday Discussions TI - The social cost of methane: Theory and applications VL - 200 ID - 25142 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shoemaker, Jessica A. IS - 2 PY - 2015 SP - 383-450 ST - No sticks in my bundle: Rethinking the Indian land tenure problem T2 - University of Kansas Law Review TI - No sticks in my bundle: Rethinking the Indian land tenure problem UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2430922 VL - 63 ID - 25367 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shoemaker, Jessica A. PY - 2017 SP - 487-552 ST - Complexity's shadow: American Indian property, sovereignty, and the future T2 - Michigan Law Review TI - Complexity's shadow: American Indian property, sovereignty, and the future UR - http://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol115/iss4/2 VL - 115 ID - 25366 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shope, James B. AU - Storlazzi, Curt D. AU - Erikson, Li H. AU - Hegermiller, Christie A. DA - 6// DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.03.009 KW - Tropical Pacific Extreme waves Swell Climate change Pacific Islands Extratropical cyclones PY - 2016 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 25-38 ST - Changes to extreme wave climates of islands within the western tropical Pacific throughout the 21st century under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, with implications for island vulnerability and sustainability T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - Changes to extreme wave climates of islands within the western tropical Pacific throughout the 21st century under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, with implications for island vulnerability and sustainability VL - 141 ID - 19978 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Shubert, R. Alan CY - El Paso, TX PB - El Paso Water Utilities, Public Service Board PY - 2015 SP - 18 ST - Overview of the El Paso Kay Bailey Hutchison Desalination Plant TI - Overview of the El Paso Kay Bailey Hutchison Desalination Plant UR - http://www.texasdesal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Alan_Shubert.pdf ID - 26289 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shukla, Shraddhanand AU - Safeeq, Mohammad AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Guan, Kaiyu AU - Funk, Chris DO - 10.1002/2015GL063666 IS - 11 KW - California drought drought predictability 1812 Drought 1922 Forecasting PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 4384-4393 ST - Temperature impacts on the water year 2014 drought in California T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Temperature impacts on the water year 2014 drought in California VL - 42 ID - 23857 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Annual precipitation in California is more variable than in any other state and is highly influenced by precipitation in winter months. A primary question among stakeholders is whether low precipitation in certain months is a harbinger of annual drought in California. Historical precipitation data from 1895 to 2013 are investigated to identify leading monthly indicators of annual drought in each of the seven climate divisions (CDs) as well as statewide. For this study, drought conditions are defined as monthly/annual (October–September) precipitation below the 20th/30th percentile, and a leading indicator is defined as a monthly drought preceding or during an annual drought that has the strongest association (i.e., joint probability of occurrence) with a statewide annual drought. Monthly precipitation variability and contributions to annual precipitation, along with joint probabilities of drought among the winter months, are first analyzed. Then the probabilities of annual drought and the variability in leading indicators are analyzed according to different climate phases and CDs. This study identified December within a water year as being the leading indicator that is most frequently associated with annual drought statewide (56%) and in most of the CDs (the highest was CD2 at 65%). Associated with its leading-indicator status, December drought was most frequently associated with drought in other winter months (joint probability > 30%). Results from this study can help stakeholders to understand and assess the likelihood of annual drought events given monthly precipitation preceding or early in the water year. AU - Shukla, Shraddhanand AU - Steinemann, Anne AU - Iacobellis, Sam F. AU - Cayan, Daniel R. DO - 10.1175/jamc-d-15-0167.1 IS - 11 KW - Drought,Precipitation,Climate variability,Emergency preparedness,Risk assessment PY - 2015 SP - 2273-2281 ST - Annual drought in California: Association with monthly precipitation and climate phases T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - Annual drought in California: Association with monthly precipitation and climate phases VL - 54 ID - 25385 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The intensely active 2017 Atlantic basin hurricane season provided an opportunity to examine how climate drivers, including warming oceans and rising seas, exacerbated tropical cyclone hazards. The season also highlighted the unique vulnerabilities of populations residing on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to the catastrophic potential of these storms. During 2017, 22 of the 29 Caribbean SIDS were affected by at least one named storm, and multiple SIDS experienced extreme damage. This paper aims to review the multiplicity of storm impacts on Caribbean SIDS throughout the 2017 season, to explicate the influences of climate drivers on storm formation and intensity, to explore the propensity of SIDS to sustain severe damage and prolonged disruption of essential services, to document the spectrum of public health consequences, and to delineate the daunting hurdles that challenged emergency response and recovery operations for island-based, disaster-affected populations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;page 1 of 13) AU - Shultz, James M. AU - Kossin, James P. AU - Shepherd, J. Marshall AU - Ransdell, Justine M. AU - Walshe, Rory AU - Kelman, Ilan AU - Galea, Sandro DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/dmp.2018.28 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 2018/04/06 KW - climate change climate driver disaster disaster response hazard health consequences hurricane risk Small Island Developing States tropical cyclone tropical storm vulnerability PY - 2018 SN - 1935-7893 SP - 1-13 ST - Risks, health consequences, and response challenges for small-island-based populations: Observations from the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season T2 - Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness TI - Risks, health consequences, and response challenges for small-island-based populations: Observations from the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season ID - 25240 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Individual studies on the relations between ambient air pollution and the risk of stillbirth have provided contradictory results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the existing evidence.Methods We conducted a systematic search of three databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, from their time of inception to mid-April, 2015. Original studies of any epidemiological design were included. Data from eligible studies were extracted by two investigators. To calculate the effect estimates (EE), the random effects model was used with their corresponding 95% CI.Results 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Although not reaching statistical significance, all the effect estimates for the risk of stillbirth were systematically elevated in relation to mean prenatal exposure to NO2 per 10 ppb (EE=1.066, 95% CI 0.965 to 1.178, n=3), CO per 0.4 ppm (EE=1.025, 95% CI 0.985 to 1.066, n=3), SO2 per 3 ppb (EE=1.022, 95% CI 0.984 to 1.062, n=3,), PM2.5 per 4 μg/m3 (EE=1.021, 95% CI 0.996 to 1.046, n=2) and PM10 per 10 μg/m3 (EE=1.014, 95% CI 0.948 to 1.085, n=2). The effect estimates for SO2, CO, PM10 and O3 were highest for the third trimester exposure. Two time series studies used a lag term of not more than 6 days preceding stillbirth, and both found increased effect estimates for some pollutants.Conclusions The body of evidence suggests that exposure to ambient air pollution increases the risk of stillbirth. Further studies are needed to strengthen the evidence. AU - Siddika, Nazeeba AU - Balogun, Hamudat A AU - Amegah, Adeladza K AU - Jaakkola, Jouni J K DO - 10.1136/oemed-2015-103086 IS - 9 PY - 2016 SP - 573-581 ST - Prenatal ambient air pollution exposure and the risk of stillbirth: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence T2 - Occupational and Environmental Medicine TI - Prenatal ambient air pollution exposure and the risk of stillbirth: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence VL - 73 ID - 24623 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Peel, Jacqueline A2 - Fisher, David AU - Siders, Anne C4 - d01c059a-fa86-4d0b-966a-db693b79ddd8 CY - Leiden, The Netherlands PB - Brill-Nijhoff PY - 2016 SE - 5 SN - 9789004318809 SP - 101-129 ST - Resilient incoherence—Seeking common language for climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable development SV - International Environmental Law 12 T2 - The Role of International Environmental Law in Disaster Risk Reduction TI - Resilient incoherence—Seeking common language for climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable development ID - 24170 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Siebert, S. AU - Burke, J. AU - Faures, J. M. AU - Frenken, K. AU - Hoogeveen, J. AU - Döll, P. AU - Portmann, F. T. DO - 10.5194/hess-14-1863-2010 IS - 10 N1 - HESS PY - 2010 SN - 1607-7938 SP - 1863-1880 ST - Groundwater use for irrigation—A global inventory T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences TI - Groundwater use for irrigation—A global inventory VL - 14 ID - 25386 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Siedlecki, S. A. AU - Banas, N. S. AU - Davis, K. A. AU - Giddings, S. AU - Hickey, B. M. AU - MacCready, P. AU - Connolly, T. AU - Geier, S. DO - 10.1002/2014JC010254 IS - 2 KW - hypoxia oxygen respiration upwelling 4834 Hypoxic environments 0466 Modeling 1615 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 4279 Upwelling and convergences 4219 Continental shelf and slope processes PY - 2015 SN - 2169-9291 SP - 608-633 ST - Seasonal and interannual oxygen variability on the Washington and Oregon continental shelves T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans TI - Seasonal and interannual oxygen variability on the Washington and Oregon continental shelves VL - 120 ID - 24902 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Siedlecki, Samantha A. AU - Kaplan, Isaac C. AU - Hermann, Albert J. AU - Nguyen, Thanh Tam AU - Bond, Nicholas A. AU - Newton, Jan A. AU - Williams, Gregory D. AU - Peterson, William T. AU - Alin, Simone R. AU - Feely, Richard A. DA - 06/07/online DO - 10.1038/srep27203 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - Art. 27203 ST - Experiments with seasonal forecasts of ocean conditions for the northern region of the California Current upwelling system T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Experiments with seasonal forecasts of ocean conditions for the northern region of the California Current upwelling system VL - 6 ID - 24903 ER - TY - JOUR AB - High-latitude and subpolar regions like the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are more vulnerable than equatorial regions to rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, in part due to local processes that amplify the global signal. Recent field observations have shown that the shelf of the GOA is currently experiencing seasonal corrosive events (carbonate mineral saturation states Ω, Ω < 1), including suppressed Ω in response to ocean acidification as well as local processes like increased low-alkalinity glacial meltwater discharge. While the glacial discharge mainly influences the inner shelf, on the outer shelf, upwelling brings corrosive waters from the deep GOA. In this work, we develop a high-resolution model for carbon dynamics in the GOA, identify regions of high variability of Ω, and test the sensitivity of those regions to changes in the chemistry of glacial meltwater discharge. Results indicate the importance of this climatically sensitive and relatively unconstrained regional freshwater forcing for Ω variability in the nearshore. The increase was nearly linear at 0.002 Ω per 100 µmol/kg increase in alkalinity in the freshwater runoff. We find that the local winds, biological processes, and freshwater forcing all contribute to the spatial distribution of Ω and identify which of these three is highly correlated to the variability in Ω. Given that the timing and magnitude of these processes will likely change during the next few decades, it is critical to elucidate the effect of local processes on the background ocean acidification signal using robust models, such as the one described here. AU - Siedlecki, Samantha A. AU - Pilcher, Darren J. AU - Hermann, Albert J. AU - Coyle, Ken AU - Mathis, Jeremy DO - 10.1002/2017JC012791 IS - 11 PY - 2017 SP - 8482-8502 ST - The importance of freshwater to spatial variability of aragonite saturation state in the Gulf of Alaska T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans TI - The importance of freshwater to spatial variability of aragonite saturation state in the Gulf of Alaska VL - 122 ID - 26070 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Service, NOAA National Marine Fisheries AU - Sigler, M. AU - Hollowed, A. AU - Holsman, K. AU - Zador, S. AU - Haynie, A. AU - Himes-Cornell, A. AU - Stabeno, P. CY - Seattle, WA NV - NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-336 PB - NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center PY - 2016 SP - 50 ST - Alaska Regional Action Plan for the Southeastern Bering Sea: NOAA Fisheries Climate Science Strategy TI - Alaska Regional Action Plan for the Southeastern Bering Sea: NOAA Fisheries Climate Science Strategy UR - https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/techmemos/nmfs-afsc-336.htm ID - 22289 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sigler, Michael F. AU - Napp, Jeffrey M. AU - Stabeno, Phyllis J. AU - Heintz, Ronald A. AU - Lomas, Michael W. AU - Hunt Jr, George L. DA - 12// DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.01.003 KW - Climate Sea ice Productivity Zooplankton Walleye pollock Bering Sea Match-mismatch PY - 2016 SN - 0967-0645 SP - 223-234 ST - Variation in annual production of copepods, euphausiids, and juvenile walleye pollock in the southeastern Bering Sea T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography TI - Variation in annual production of copepods, euphausiids, and juvenile walleye pollock in the southeastern Bering Sea VL - 134 ID - 22351 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Salt marshes in the southeastern United States have recently experienced massive die-off, one of many examples of widespread degradation in marine and coastal ecosystems. Although intense drought is thought to be the primary cause of this die-off, we found snail grazing to be a major contributing factor. Survey of marsh die-off areas in three states revealed high-density fronts of snails on die-off edges at 11 of 12 sites. Exclusion experiments demonstrated that snails actively converted marshes to exposed mudflats. Salt addition and comparative field studies suggest that drought-induced stress and grazers acted synergistically and to varying degrees to cause initial plant death. After these disturbances, snail fronts formed on die-off edges and subsequently propagated through healthy marsh, leading to cascading vegetation loss. These results, combined with model analyses, reveal strong interactions between increasing climatic stress and grazer pressure, both potentially related to human environmental impacts, which amplify the likelihood and intensity of runaway collapse in these coastal systems. AU - Silliman, Brian R. AU - van de Koppel, Johan AU - Bertness, Mark D. AU - Stanton, Lee E. AU - Mendelssohn, Irving A. DO - 10.1126/science.1118229 IS - 5755 PY - 2005 SP - 1803-1806 ST - Drought, snails, and large-scale die-off of southern U.S. salt marshes T2 - Science TI - Drought, snails, and large-scale die-off of southern U.S. salt marshes VL - 310 ID - 24376 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sills, Erin O. AU - Moore, Susan E. AU - Cubbage, Frederick W. AU - McCarter, Kelley D. AU - Holmes, Thomas P. AU - Mercer, D. Evan CY - Asheville, NC NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-226 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station PY - 2017 SP - 1-117 ST - Trees at Work: Economic Accounting For Forest Ecosystem Services in the U.S. South TI - Trees at Work: Economic Accounting For Forest Ecosystem Services in the U.S. South UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/55474 ID - 25190 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Disturbance interactions have received growing interest in ecological research in the last decade. Fire and bark beetle outbreaks have recently increased in severity and extent across western North America, raising concerns about their possible interactions. Although it is often presumed that bark beetle outbreaks increase probability of active crown fire by producing high loads of surface and canopy dead fuels, empirical data are scarce and results are ambivalent. We combined field measurements and modeling to address the following question: How do fuel characteristics, microclimate, and potential fire behavior change with time since a severe mountain pine beetle outbreak in Pinus contorta forests of Greater Yellowstone (Wyoming, USA)? We measured surface and canopy fuels, and soil surface temperature in a time‐since‐beetle‐outbreak chronosequence (n = 35 sites) from undisturbed to 36 years post‐outbreak, including stands in red‐ and gray‐needle stages (respectively, 1–2 and 3–5 years post‐outbreak). Field data were used to parameterize the fire behavior model NEXUS and predict potential fire behavior at each site. Dead surface fuel loads of all size categories did not differ among undisturbed, red, and gray‐stage stands. Compared to undisturbed sites, red and gray‐stage sites had on average 53% lower canopy bulk density, 42% lower canopy fuel load, and 29% lower canopy moisture content, but had similar canopy base heights (3.1 m). In subsequent decades, coarse wood loads doubled and canopy base height declined to 0 m. Modeling results suggested that undisturbed, red, and gray‐stage stands were unlikely to exhibit transition of surface fires to tree crowns (torching), and that the likelihood of sustaining an active crown fire (crowning) decreased from undisturbed to gray‐stage stands. Simulated fire behavior was little affected by beetle disturbance when wind speed was either below 40 km/h or above 60 km/h, but at intermediate wind speeds, probability of crowning in red‐ and gray‐stage stands was lower than in undisturbed stands, and old post‐outbreak stands were predicted to have passive crown fires. Results were consistent across a range of fuel moisture scenarios. Our results suggest that mountain pine beetle outbreaks in Greater Yellowstone may reduce the probability of active crown fire in the short term by thinning lodgepole pine canopies. AU - Simard, Martin AU - Romme, William H. AU - Griffin, Jacob M. AU - Turner, Monica G. DO - 10.1890/10-1176.1 IS - 1 PY - 2011 SP - 3-24 ST - Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests? T2 - Ecological Monographs TI - Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests? VL - 81 ID - 25177 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Simmonds, Ian AU - Keay, Kevin DO - 10.1029/2009GL039810 IS - 19 KW - Arctic climate Arctic storms climate change 0750 Sea ice 1620 Climate dynamics 1616 Climate variability 3305 Climate change and variability 3349 Polar meteorology PY - 2009 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L19715 ST - Extraordinary September Arctic sea ice reductions and their relationships with storm behavior over 1979–2008 T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Extraordinary September Arctic sea ice reductions and their relationships with storm behavior over 1979–2008 VL - 36 ID - 22290 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Simmons, Kevin M. AU - Czajkowski, Jeffrey AU - Done, James DO - 10.2139/ssrn.2963244 PB - SSRN PY - 2017 SP - 64 ST - Economic Effectiveness of Implementing a Statewide Building Code: The Case of Florida TI - Economic Effectiveness of Implementing a Statewide Building Code: The Case of Florida ID - 26310 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Simon, Heather AU - Reff, Adam AU - Wells, Benjamin AU - Xing, Jia AU - Frank, Neil DA - 2015/01/06 DO - 10.1021/es504514z IS - 1 PY - 2015 SN - 0013-936X SP - 186-195 ST - Ozone trends across the United States over a period of decreasing NOx and VOC emissions T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Ozone trends across the United States over a period of decreasing NOx and VOC emissions VL - 49 ID - 24238 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Simon, Herbert A. C1 - 331794 CY - Nashua, New Hampshire, USA PB - Perseus Books PY - 2000 SP - 3-14 T2 - Proceedings from the International Conference on Complex Systems on Unifying Themes in Complex Systems TI - Can there be a science of complex systems? ID - 21403 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Simonovic, Slobodan P. AU - Schardong, Andre AU - Sandink, Dan AU - Srivastav, Roshan DA - 2016/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.03.016 KW - Intensity-duration-frequency curve Climate change Decision support system Canada PY - 2016 SN - 1364-8152 SP - 136-153 ST - A web-based tool for the development of Intensity Duration Frequency curves under changing climate T2 - Environmental Modelling & Software TI - A web-based tool for the development of Intensity Duration Frequency curves under changing climate VL - 81 ID - 25626 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sims, Charles DO - 10.1111/j.1939-7445.2011.00096.x IS - 3 KW - Forest disturbance salvage harvest real options Brownian motion mountain pine beetle PY - 2011 SN - 1939-7445 SP - 383-408 ST - Optimal timing of salvage harvest in response to a stochastic infestation T2 - Natural Resource Modeling TI - Optimal timing of salvage harvest in response to a stochastic infestation VL - 24 ID - 24743 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Singer, Ben D. AU - Ziska, Lewis H. AU - Frenz, David A. AU - Gebhard, Dennis E. AU - Straka, James G. DO - 10.1071/fp05039 IS - 7 N1 - Ch3,6 PY - 2005 SN - 1445-4408 SP - 667-670 ST - Increasing Amb a 1 content in common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) pollen as a function of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration T2 - Functional Plant Biology TI - Increasing Amb a 1 content in common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) pollen as a function of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration VL - 32 ID - 16475 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Singletary, Loretta AU - Emm, Staci AU - Brummer, Fara Ann AU - Hill, George C. AU - Lewis, Steve AU - Hebb, Vicki DA - 2016/08/07 DO - 10.1080/1389224X.2015.1074591 IS - 4 PY - 2016 SN - 1389-224X SP - 375-387 ST - Results of an assessment to identify potential barriers to sustainable agriculture on American Indian reservations in the Western United States T2 - The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension TI - Results of an assessment to identify potential barriers to sustainable agriculture on American Indian reservations in the Western United States VL - 22 ID - 25363 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Singletary, Loretta AU - Sterle, Kelley DO - 10.3390/w9020099 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SN - 2073-4441 SP - 99 ST - Collaborative modeling to assess drought resiliency of snow‐fed river dependent communities in the western United States: A case study in the Truckee‐Carson River System T2 - Water TI - Collaborative modeling to assess drought resiliency of snow‐fed river dependent communities in the western United States: A case study in the Truckee‐Carson River System VL - 9 ID - 24920 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Nitrogen input from river runoff is a major cause of eutrophication in estuaries and coastal waters. This is a serious problem that is widely expected to intensify as climate change strengthens the hydrological cycle. To address the current lack of adequate analysis, Sinha et al. present estimates of riverine nitrogen loading for the continental United States, based on projections of precipitation derived from climate models (see the Perspective by Seitzinger and Phillips). Anticipated changes in precipitation patterns are forecast to cause large and robust increases in nitrogen fluxes by the end of the century.Science, this issue p. 405; see also p. 350Eutrophication, or excessive nutrient enrichment, threatens water resources across the globe. We show that climate change–induced precipitation changes alone will substantially increase (19 ± 14%) riverine total nitrogen loading within the continental United States by the end of the century for the “business-as-usual” scenario. The impacts, driven by projected increases in both total and extreme precipitation, will be especially strong for the Northeast and the corn belt of the United States. Offsetting this increase would require a 33 ± 24% reduction in nitrogen inputs, representing a massive management challenge. Globally, changes in precipitation are especially likely to also exacerbate eutrophication in India, China, and Southeast Asia. It is therefore imperative that water quality management strategies account for the impact of projected future changes in precipitation on nitrogen loading.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/357/6349/405.full.pdf AU - Sinha, E. AU - Michalak, A. M. AU - Balaji, V. DO - 10.1126/science.aan2409 IS - 6349 PY - 2017 SP - 405-408 ST - Eutrophication will increase during the 21st century as a result of precipitation changes T2 - Science TI - Eutrophication will increase during the 21st century as a result of precipitation changes VL - 357 ID - 21530 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sinha, Paramita AU - Cropper, Maureen L. CY - Cambridge, MA DO - 10.3386/w18756 NV - NBER Working Paper No. 18756 PB - National Bureau of Economic Research PY - 2013 SP - 49 ST - The Value of Climate Amenities: Evidence from US Migration Decisions TI - The Value of Climate Amenities: Evidence from US Migration Decisions ID - 21325 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Skaggs, R. AU - Hibbard, K. AU - Frumhoff, Peter AU - Lowry, Thomas AU - Middleton, Richard AU - Pate, Ron AU - Tidwell, Vince AU - Arnold, Jeffrey AU - Avert, Kristen AU - Janetos, Anthony AU - Izaurralde, Cesar AU - Rice, Jennie AU - Rose, Steve C6 - NCA CY - Richland, Washington PB - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory PY - 2012 SP - 152 ST - Climate and Energy-Water-Land System Interactions. Technical Report to the U.S. Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment. PNNL-21185 TI - Climate and Energy-Water-Land System Interactions. Technical Report to the U.S. Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment. PNNL-21185 UR - http://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-21185.pdf ID - 15413 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Skahill, Brian E. AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Cheng, Linyin AU - Byrd, Aaron AU - Kanney, Joseph CY - Vicksburg, MS M1 - AD1005455 PB - Army Engineer Research and Development Center PY - 2016 SN - ERDC/CHL CHETN-X-2 SP - 20 ST - Bayesian Inference of Nonstationary Precipitation Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves For Infrastructure Design TI - Bayesian Inference of Nonstationary Precipitation Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves For Infrastructure Design UR - http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1005455 ID - 25404 ER - TY - THES A3 - Currey, Robin AU - Skean, Vanessa W. CY - Poultney VT PB - Green Mountain College PY - 2016 SP - 52 ST - Climate Change Adaptation Actions and Food Security in Rural Alaska TI - Climate Change Adaptation Actions and Food Security in Rural Alaska UR - http://thesis.greenmtn.edu/MSFS_Thesis/Skean_Vanessa-Climate_change_adaptation_actions_and_food_security-MSFS_2017.pdf VL - Master of Science in Sustainable Food Systems ID - 26546 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fish stock productivity, and thereby sensitivity to harvesting, depends on physical (e.g. ocean climate) and biological (e.g. prey availability, competition and predation) processes in the ecosystem. The combined impacts of such ecosystem processes and fisheries have lead to stock collapses across the world. While traditional fisheries management focuses on harvest rates and stock biomass, incorporating the impacts of such ecosystem processes are one of the main pillars of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM). Although EAFM has been formally adopted widely since the 1990s, little is currently known to what extent ecosystem drivers of fish stock productivity are actually implemented in fisheries management. Based on worldwide review of more than 1200 marine fish stocks, we found that such ecosystem drivers were implemented in the tactical management of only 24 stocks. Most of these cases were in the North Atlantic and north‐east Pacific, where the scientific support is strong. However, the diversity of ecosystem drivers implemented, and in the approaches taken, suggests that implementation is largely a bottom‐up process driven by a few dedicated experts. Our results demonstrate that tactical fisheries management is still predominantly single‐species oriented taking little account of ecosystem processes, implicitly ignoring that fish stock production is dependent on the physical and biological conditions of the ecosystem. Thus, while the ecosystem approach is highlighted in policy, key aspects of it tend yet not to be implemented in actual fisheries management. AU - Skern‐Mauritzen, Mette AU - Ottersen, Geir AU - Handegard, Nils Olav AU - Huse, Geir AU - Dingsør, Gjert E AU - Stenseth, Nils C AU - Kjesbu, Olav S DO - 10.1111/faf.12111 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 165-175 ST - Ecosystem processes are rarely included in tactical fisheries management T2 - Fish and Fisheries TI - Ecosystem processes are rarely included in tactical fisheries management VL - 17 ID - 25524 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Previous research on the impacts of maple syrup production in the Northeastern United States has been based on correlative relationships between syrup production and average temperature. Here a simple biologically and physically-based model of sapflow potential is used to assess observed changes in sapflow across the Northeastern US from 1980 to 2006; document the correspondence between these observations and independent downscaled atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations of conditions during this period; and quantify changes in sapflow potential through 2100. The sapflow model is able to capture the spatial and temporal (in terms of the start date of sapflow) variations of sapflow that are observed across the Northeast. Likewise the AOGCM simulations reflect the mean number of sapflow days and the timing of sapflow during the 1980–2006 overlap period. Through the twenty-first century, warming winter temperatures will result in a decline in the number of sapflow days if traditional sap collection schedules are maintained. Under the A1fi emissions scenario the number of sapflow days decreases by up to 14 days. However, the changes in climate also translate the optimal timing of sap collection to earlier in the year. Across the region, the time period that maximizes the number of sapflows days becomes as much as 30 days earlier by 2100 under the A1fi emissions scenario. Provided this change is accounted for by modifying the start of the traditional sap collection schedule, there is essentially no net loss of sapflow days across the majority of the region, with a net increase of sapflow days indicated in the extreme north. AU - Skinner, Christopher B. AU - DeGaetano, Arthur T. AU - Chabot, Brian F. DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-009-9685-0 IS - 3 PY - 2010 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 685-702 ST - Implications of twenty-first century climate change on Northeastern United States maple syrup production: Impacts and adaptations T2 - Climatic Change TI - Implications of twenty-first century climate change on Northeastern United States maple syrup production: Impacts and adaptations VL - 100 ID - 21708 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America produces more than 50% of North America's upland-nesting ducks. With the recent increase in economic value of some cash-crops and the potential to lose productive nesting habitat enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), there has been interest in evaluating the efficacy of alternative farming practices to provide additional breeding habitat for waterfowl. We evaluated and compared daily survival rates (DSR) of duck nests (Anas spp.) in winter wheat with those in perennial cover. We also examined the number of hatched nests/ha in each habitat and compared them to estimates in spring wheat to put habitat-specific estimates of nest survival in perspective. We monitored 1,195 nests in winter wheat and 3,147 in perennial cover in North and South Dakota on 13–19, 10.36-km2 sites each year from 2010 to 2012. In 2010, we also monitored 75 nests in spring wheat. We used an information-theoretic approach to develop and evaluate a set of competing models based on plausible and previously established covariates affecting nest survival. Across all species, nest survival was at least as high in winter wheat as in perennial cover, and for northern pintails and mallards, estimated nest survival rates were greater in winter wheat. Nest survival also varied by year and study area, was positively related to nest age, and was negatively related to the number of wetland basins, the proportion of cropland in the landscape, and vegetation density. Density of hatched nests in perennial cover (0.14/ha) was on average twice as high as nests in winter wheat fields (0.07/ha), which was in turn 4 times higher than estimates for spring wheat fields (0.02/ha). Our results provide evidence that winter wheat could be a useful tool for wildlife managers seeking to add productive nesting habitat in landscapes under intensive crop production. © 2015 The Wildlife Society. AU - Skone, Brandi R. AU - Rotella, Jay J. AU - Walker, Johann DO - 10.1002/jwmg.993 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 127-137 ST - Waterfowl production from winter wheat fields in North and South Dakota T2 - The Journal of Wildlife Management TI - Waterfowl production from winter wheat fields in North and South Dakota VL - 80 ID - 25940 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We present regional sea-level projections and associated uncertainty estimates for the end of the 21 st century. We show regional projections of sea-level change resulting from changing ocean circulation, increased heat uptake and atmospheric pressure in CMIP5 climate models. These are combined with model- and observation-based regional contributions of land ice, groundwater depletion and glacial isostatic adjustment, including gravitational effects due to mass redistribution. A moderate and a warmer climate change scenario are considered, yielding a global mean sea-level rise of 0.54 ±0.19 m and 0.71 ±0.28 m respectively (mean ±1σ). Regionally however, changes reach up to 30 % higher in coastal regions along the North Atlantic Ocean and along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and up to 20 % higher in the subtropical and equatorial regions, confirming patterns found in previous studies. Only 50 % of the global mean value is projected for the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and off the western Antarctic coast. Uncertainty estimates for each component demonstrate that the land ice contribution dominates the total uncertainty. AU - Slangen, A. B. A. AU - Carson, M. AU - Katsman, C. A. AU - van de Wal, R. S. W. AU - Köhl, A. AU - Vermeersen, L. L. A. AU - Stammer, D. DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1080-9 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 317-332 ST - Projecting twenty-first century regional sea-level changes T2 - Climatic Change TI - Projecting twenty-first century regional sea-level changes VL - 124 ID - 19980 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Slangen, Aimee B. A. AU - Church, John A. AU - Agosta, Cecile AU - Fettweis, Xavier AU - Marzeion, Ben AU - Richter, Kristin DA - 04/11/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2991 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 1758-6798 SP - 701-705 ST - Anthropogenic forcing dominates global mean sea-level rise since 1970 T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Anthropogenic forcing dominates global mean sea-level rise since 1970 VL - 6 ID - 19982 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Slangen, Aimée B. A. AU - Church, John A. AU - Zhang, Xuebin AU - Monselesan, Didier DO - 10.1002/2014GL061356 IS - 16 KW - sea-level change detection & attribution CMIP5 1641 Sea level change 1626 Global climate models PY - 2014 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 5951-5959 ST - Detection and attribution of global mean thermosteric sea level change T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Detection and attribution of global mean thermosteric sea level change VL - 41 ID - 19981 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Slater, Louise J. AU - Singer, Michael Bliss AU - Kirchner, James W. DO - 10.1002/2014GL062482 IS - 2 KW - flood frequency morphodynamics climate change flood hazard trends streamflow hazards 1821 Floods 1825 Geomorphology: fluvial 1860 Streamflow 1872 Time series analysis 4321 Climate impact PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 370-376 ST - Hydrologic versus geomorphic drivers of trends in flood hazard T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Hydrologic versus geomorphic drivers of trends in flood hazard VL - 42 ID - 20971 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Slater, Louise J. AU - Villarini, Gabriele DO - 10.1002/2016GL071199 IS - 24 KW - flood stage precipitation water storage basin wetness risk 1821 Floods 1833 Hydroclimatology 1854 Precipitation 4313 Extreme events 4328 Risk 8488 Volcanic hazards and risks PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 12,428-12,436 ST - Recent trends in U.S. flood risk T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Recent trends in U.S. flood risk VL - 43 ID - 23578 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Selmants, P.C. A2 - Giardina, C.P. A2 - Jacobi, J.D. A2 - Zhu, Zhiliang AU - Sleeter, Benjamin M. AU - Liu, Jinxun AU - Daniel, Colin J. AU - Hawbaker, Todd J. AU - Wilson, Tamara S. AU - Fortini, Lucas B. AU - Jacobi, James D. AU - Selmants, Paul C. AU - Giardina, Christian P. AU - Litton, Creighton M. AU - Hughes, R. Flint C4 - 31f6cb63-087c-4f11-83aa-0f4c727b1f8c CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/pp1834 M1 - USGS Professional Paper 1834 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2017 SP - 107-128 ST - Projected future carbon storage and carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of Hawai‘i from changes in climate, land use, and disturbance T2 - Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Carbon Fluxes in Ecosystems of Hawaiʻi TI - Projected future carbon storage and carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of Hawai‘i from changes in climate, land use, and disturbance ID - 22644 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Sleeter, B.M. AU - Loveland, T. AU - Domke, G. AU - Herold, N. AU - Wickham, J. AU - Wood, N. C4 - 54188caf-3c43-4159-8018-57fa74e30f4f CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH5 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 5 SP - xxx ST - Land Cover and Land Use Change T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Land Cover and Land Use Change ID - 26639 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sleeter, Benjamin M. AU - Sohl, Terry L. AU - Loveland, Thomas R. AU - Auch, Roger F. AU - Acevedo, William AU - Drummond, Mark A. AU - Sayler, Kristi L. AU - Stehman, Stephen V. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.006 IS - 4 KW - Land use Land cover Ecoregions Landsat Urbanization Forestry Agriculture PY - 2013 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 733-748 ST - Land-cover change in the conterminous United States from 1973 to 2000 T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Land-cover change in the conterminous United States from 1973 to 2000 VL - 23 ID - 15421 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sloan, Kathleen AU - Hostler, Joe CY - Kalamath, CA PB - Yurok Tribe Environmental Program PY - 2014 SP - 17 ST - Utilizing Yurok Traditional Ecological Knowledge to Inform Climate Change Priorities TI - Utilizing Yurok Traditional Ecological Knowledge to Inform Climate Change Priorities UR - https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/548634e8e4b02acb4f0c7f72 ID - 23921 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Slone, Sean CY - Washington, DC PB - Council of State Governments PY - 2011 SP - 11 ST - Rural Transportation Needs TI - Rural Transportation Needs UR - http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/content/rural-transportation-needs ID - 24571 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Small, David AU - Islam, Shafiqul AU - Vogel, Richard M. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2005gl024995 IS - 3 KW - 1803 Anthropogenic effects 1821 Floods 1833 Hydroclimatology 1854 Precipitation 1860 Streamflow PY - 2006 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L03403 ST - Trends in precipitation and streamflow in the eastern U.S.: Paradox or perception? T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Trends in precipitation and streamflow in the eastern U.S.: Paradox or perception? VL - 33 ID - 15430 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smee, Delbert L. AU - Sanchez, James A. AU - Diskin, Meredith AU - Trettin, Carl DA - 2017/03/05/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2017.02.005 KW - Vegetation shift Climate change Shrimp PY - 2017 SN - 0272-7714 SP - 306-313 ST - Mangrove expansion into salt marshes alters associated faunal communities T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science TI - Mangrove expansion into salt marshes alters associated faunal communities VL - 187 ID - 24377 ER - TY - WEB AU - Smith, Alexander AU - Chuck, Elizabeth AU - Gostanian, Ali CY - New York PB - NBC News PY - 2015 ST - Swollen Midwest Rivers Bring Transportation to Standstill TI - Swollen Midwest Rivers Bring Transportation to Standstill UR - https://www.nbcnews.com/news/weather/missouri-illinois-face-slow-motion-disaster-swollen-rivers-rise-n488376 ID - 21313 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Smith, Adam B. CY - Silver Spring, MD M1 - January 8 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PY - 2018 ST - 2017 U.S. billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: A historic year in context T2 - Climate.gov News & Features TI - 2017 U.S. billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: A historic year in context UR - https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/beyond-data/2017-us-billion-dollar-weather-and-climate-disasters-historic-year VL - 2018 ID - 26309 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, Adam B. AU - Katz, Richard W. DA - 2013/06/01 DO - 10.1007/s11069-013-0566-5 IS - 2 KW - Natural disasters Losses Statistics of extreme events Data sources LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 0921-030X SP - 387-410 ST - U.S. billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: Data sources, trends, accuracy and biases T2 - Natural Hazards TI - U.S. billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: Data sources, trends, accuracy and biases VL - 67 ID - 19063 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wildland fire management has reached a crossroads. Current perspectives are not capable of answering interdisciplinary adaptation and mitigation challenges posed by increases in wildfire risk to human populations and the need to reintegrate fire as a vital landscape process. Fire science has been, and continues to be, performed in isolated “silos,” including institutions (e.g., agencies versus universities), organizational structures (e.g., federal agency mandates versus local and state procedures for responding to fire), and research foci (e.g., physical science, natural science, and social science). These silos tend to promote research, management, and policy that focus only on targeted aspects of the “wicked” wildfire problem. In this article, we provide guiding principles to bridge diverse fire science efforts to advance an integrated agenda of wildfire research that can help overcome disciplinary silos and provide insight on how to build fire-resilient communities. AU - Smith, Alistair M. S. AU - Kolden, Crystal A. AU - Paveglio, Travis B. AU - Cochrane, Mark A. AU - Bowman, David M. J. S. AU - Moritz, Max A. AU - Kliskey, Andrew D. AU - Alessa, Lilian AU - Hudak, Andrew T. AU - Hoffman, Chad M. AU - Lutz, James A. AU - Queen, Lloyd P. AU - Goetz, Scott J. AU - Higuera, Philip E. AU - Boschetti, Luigi AU - Flannigan, Mike AU - Yedinak, Kara M. AU - Watts, Adam C. AU - Strand, Eva K. AU - van Wagtendonk, Jan W. AU - Anderson, John W. AU - Stocks, Brian J. AU - Abatzoglou, John T. DO - 10.1093/biosci/biv182 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 130-146 ST - The science of firescapes: Achieving fire-resilient communities T2 - BioScience TI - The science of firescapes: Achieving fire-resilient communities VL - 66 ID - 21402 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, Douglas R. AU - King, Kevin W. AU - Williams, Mark R. DA - March 1, 2015 DO - 10.2489/jswc.70.2.27A IS - 2 PY - 2015 SP - 27A-29A ST - What is causing the harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie? T2 - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation TI - What is causing the harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie? VL - 70 ID - 23579 ER - TY - JOUR AB - With gray wolves restored to Yellowstone National Park, this ecosystem once again supports the full native array of large ungulates and their attendant large carnivores. We consider the possible ecological implications of wolf restoration in the context of another national park, Isle Royale, where wolves restored themselves a half-century ago. At Isle Royale, where resident mammals are relatively few, wolves completely eliminated coyotes and went on to influence moose population dynamics, which had implications for forest growth and composition. At Yellowstone, we predict that wolf restoration will have similar effects to a degree, reducing elk and coyote density. As at Isle Royale, Yellowstone plant communities will be affected, as will mesocarnivores, but to what degree is as yet undetermined. At Yellowstone, ecosystem response to the arrival of the wolf will take decades to unfold, and we argue that comprehensive ecological research and monitoring should be an essential long-term component of the management of Yellowstone National Park. AU - Smith, Douglas W. AU - Peterson, Rolf O. AU - Houston, Douglas B. DO - 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0330:YAW]2.0.CO;2 IS - 4 N1 - 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0330:YAW]2.0.CO;2 PY - 2003 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 330-340 ST - Yellowstone after Wolves T2 - BioScience TI - Yellowstone after Wolves VL - 53 ID - 25282 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Smith, Jennifer DA - September 6 PY - 2017 ST - Hurricanes disrupt freight sector, send rates soaring T2 - Wall Street Journal TI - Hurricanes disrupt freight sector, send rates soaring UR - https://www.wsj.com/articles/hurricanes-disrupt-freight-sector-send-rates-soaring-1504735610 ID - 26042 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Smith, J.B. AU - Muth, M. AU - Alpert, A. AU - Buizer, J.L. AU - Cooks, J. AU - Dave, A. AU - Furlow, J. AU - Preston, K. AU - Schultz, P. AU - Vaughan, L. C4 - 9bac482c-5d05-4be6-922d-53fc586c7249 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH16 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 16 SP - xxx ST - Climate Effects on U.S. International Interests T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Climate Effects on U.S. International Interests ID - 26650 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - USGCRP AU - Smith, Joel B. AU - Richels, Richard AU - Miller, Barbara C4 - 8c622c97-0a72-48dc-b899-a6a3cced9b1d CY - Cambridge, UK and New York, NY PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2001 SE - 8 SP - 219-249 ST - Potential consequences of climate variaility and change for the western United States T2 - Climate Change Impacts on the United States: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change TI - Potential consequences of climate variaility and change for the western United States ID - 23920 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, Jane McKee AU - Cialone, Mary A. AU - Wamsley, Ty V. AU - McAlpin, Tate O. DA - 1// DO - 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.07.008 IS - 1 KW - Hurricane Katrina Sea level rise Southeast Louisiana Storm surge Waves ADCIRC STWAVE IPET PY - 2010 SN - 0029-8018 SP - 37-47 ST - Potential impact of sea level rise on coastal surges in southeast Louisiana T2 - Ocean Engineering TI - Potential impact of sea level rise on coastal surges in southeast Louisiana VL - 37 ID - 19983 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C. B. A2 - Barros, V. R. A2 - Dokken, D. J. A2 - Mach, K. J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M. D. A2 - Bilir, T. E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K. L. A2 - Estrada, Y. O. A2 - Genova, R. C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E. S. A2 - Levy, A. N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P. R. A2 - White, L. L. AU - Smith, K. R. AU - Woodward, A. AU - Campbell-Lendrum, D. AU - Chadee, D. D. AU - Honda, Y. AU - Liu, Q. AU - Olwoch, J. M. AU - Revich, B. AU - Sauerborn, R. C4 - 500f3756-66d0-4ff2-be29-5d3dab373b30 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SE - 11 SP - 709-754 ST - Human health: Impacts, adaptation, and co-benefits T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change TI - Human health: Impacts, adaptation, and co-benefits UR - http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ ID - 17668 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent historic observed lows in Arctic sea ice extent, together with climate model projections of additional ice reductions in the future, have fueled speculations of potential new trans-Arctic shipping routes linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. However, numerical studies of how projected geophysical changes in sea ice will realistically impact ship navigation are lacking. To address this deficiency, we analyze seven climate model projections of sea ice properties, assuming two different climate change scenarios [representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5] and two vessel classes, to assess future changes in peak season (September) Arctic shipping potential. By midcentury, changing sea ice conditions enable expanded September navigability for common open-water ships crossing the Arctic along the Northern Sea Route over the Russian Federation, robust new routes for moderately ice-strengthened (Polar Class 6) ships over the North Pole, and new routes through the Northwest Passage for both vessel classes. Although numerous other nonclimatic factors also limit Arctic shipping potential, these findings have important economic, strategic, environmental, and governance implications for the region. AU - Smith, Laurence C. AU - Stephenson, Scott R. C6 - NCA DA - March 26, 2013 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1214212110 IS - 13 PY - 2013 SP - E1191–E1195 ST - New Trans-Arctic shipping routes navigable by midcentury T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - New Trans-Arctic shipping routes navigable by midcentury VL - 110 ID - 15439 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, M. R. AU - Golden, C. D. AU - Myers, S. S. DO - 10.1002/2016GH000018 IS - 6 KW - iron deficiency climate change global health nutrition 4322 Health impact 4901 Abrupt/rapid climate change PY - 2017 SN - 2471-1403 SP - 248-257 ST - Potential rise in iron deficiency due to future anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions T2 - GeoHealth TI - Potential rise in iron deficiency due to future anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions VL - 1 ID - 24097 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Smith, Nichelle AU - Sattineni, Anoop PB - Associated Schools of Construction PY - 2016 SP - 7 T2 - 52nd ASC Annual International Conference Proceedings TI - Effect of erosion in Alaskan coastal villages UR - http://ascpro.ascweb.org/chair/paper/CPRT151002016.pdf ID - 22292 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ecosystems have a critical role in regulating climate, and soil, water and air quality, but management to change an ecosystem process in support of one regulating ecosystem service can either provide co‐benefits to other services or can result in trade‐offs. We examine the role of ecosystems in delivering these regulating ecosystem services, using the UK as our case study region. We identify some of the main co‐benefits and trade‐offs of ecosystem management within, and across, the regulating services of climate regulation, and soil, water and air quality regulation, and where relevant, we also describe interactions with other ecosystem services. Our analysis clearly identifies the many important linkages between these different ecosystem services. However, soil, water and air quality regulation are often governed by different legislation or are under the jurisdiction of different regulators, which can make optimal management difficult to identify and to implement. Policies and legislation addressing air, water and soil are sometimes disconnected, with no integrated overview of how these policies interact. This can lead to conflicting messages regarding the use and management of soil, water and air. Similarly, climate change legislation is separate from that aiming to protect and enhance soil, water and air quality, leading to further potential for policy conflict. All regulating services, even if they are synergistic, may trade off against other ecosystem services. At a policy level, this may well be the biggest conflict. The fact that even individual regulating services comprise multiple and contrasting indicators (e.g. the various components of water quality such as nutrient levels, acidity, pathogens and sediments), adds to the complexity of the challenge. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that although there are some good examples of integrated ecosystem management, some aspects of ecosystem management could be better coordinated to deliver multiple ecosystem services, and that an ecosystem services framework to assess co‐benefits and trade‐offs would help regulators, policy‐makers and ecosystem managers to deliver more coherent ecosystem management strategies. In this way, an ecosystem services framework may improve the regulation of climate, and soil, water and air quality, even in the absence of economic valuation of the individual services. AU - Smith, Pete AU - Ashmore, Mike R. AU - Black, Helaina I. J. AU - Burgess, Paul J. AU - Evans, Chris D. AU - Quine, Timothy A. AU - Thomson, Amanda M. AU - Hicks, Kevin AU - Orr, Harriet G. DO - 10.1111/1365-2664.12016 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SP - 812-829 ST - REVIEW: The role of ecosystems and their management in regulating climate, and soil, water and air quality T2 - Journal of Applied Ecology TI - REVIEW: The role of ecosystems and their management in regulating climate, and soil, water and air quality VL - 50 ID - 25675 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To have a >50% chance of limiting warming below 2 [deg]C, most recent scenarios from integrated assessment models (IAMs) require large-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs). These are technologies that result in the net removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. We quantify potential global impacts of the different NETs on various factors (such as land, greenhouse gas emissions, water, albedo, nutrients and energy) to determine the biophysical limits to, and economic costs of, their widespread application. Resource implications vary between technologies and need to be satisfactorily addressed if NETs are to have a significant role in achieving climate goals. AU - Smith, Pete AU - Davis, Steven J. AU - Creutzig, Felix AU - Fuss, Sabine AU - Minx, Jan AU - Gabrielle, Benoit AU - Kato, Etsushi AU - Jackson, Robert B. AU - Cowie, Annette AU - Kriegler, Elmar AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - Rogelj, Joeri AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Milne, Jennifer AU - Canadell, Josep G. AU - McCollum, David AU - Peters, Glen AU - Andrew, Robbie AU - Krey, Volker AU - Shrestha, Gyami AU - Friedlingstein, Pierre AU - Gasser, Thomas AU - Grubler, Arnulf AU - Heidug, Wolfgang K. AU - Jonas, Matthias AU - Jones, Chris D. AU - Kraxner, Florian AU - Littleton, Emma AU - Lowe, Jason AU - Moreira, Jose Roberto AU - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa AU - Obersteiner, Michael AU - Patwardhan, Anand AU - Rogner, Mathis AU - Rubin, Ed AU - Sharifi, Ayyoob AU - Torvanger, Asbjorn AU - Yamagata, Yoshiki AU - Edmonds, Jae AU - Yongsung, Cho DA - 12/07/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2870 M3 - Review PY - 2016 SN - 1758-6798 SP - 42-50 ST - Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions VL - 6 ID - 20242 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, R. G. AU - Knight, R. AU - Chen, J. AU - Reeves, J. A. AU - Zebker, H. A. AU - Farr, T. AU - Liu, Z. DO - 10.1002/2016WR019861 IS - 3 KW - InSAR subsidence groundwater 1835 Hydrogeophysics 1829 Groundwater hydrology 1855 Remote sensing PY - 2017 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 2133-2148 ST - Estimating the permanent loss of groundwater storage in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Estimating the permanent loss of groundwater storage in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California VL - 53 ID - 23858 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, Stephen M. DA - 2009/07/01 DO - 10.1656/045.016.0203 IS - 2 PY - 2009 SN - 1092-6194 SP - 183-208 ST - Multi-decadal changes in salt marshes of Cape Cod, MA: Photographic analyses of vegetation loss, species shifts, and geomorphic change T2 - Northeastern Naturalist TI - Multi-decadal changes in salt marshes of Cape Cod, MA: Photographic analyses of vegetation loss, species shifts, and geomorphic change VL - 16 Y2 - 2018/09/10 ID - 26235 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Vegetation patterns in salt marshes are largely based on elevation in relation to tidal flooding. In New England salt marshes, vegetation is distinctly zoned into species that occur in the high marsh (elevations above mean high tide) vs. those that reside in the low marsh (elevations below mean high tide). The extent and distribution of these species is responsive to changes in hydrology, particularly sea level rise. In this study, six salt marshes within Cape Cod National Seashore (CCNS) were analyzed using a GIS-based mapping approach that utilized aerial images from 1984 and 2013. The results indicate that there have been highly variable amounts of change among marshes. There have been substantial losses of high marsh vegetation (>190 acres in total), while low marsh vegetation has exhibited large gains in some marshes and relatively minor losses in others with a total net gain of >131 acres. Because sea level rise appears to be outpacing vertical accretion, higher water levels in the near future could result in large vegetation shifts, which would translate to significant changes in marsh structure and function. AU - Smith, Stephen M. DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s13157-014-0601-7 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1943-6246 SP - 127-136 ST - Vegetation change in salt marshes of Cape Cod National Seashore (Massachusetts, USA) between 1984 and 2013 T2 - Wetlands TI - Vegetation change in salt marshes of Cape Cod National Seashore (Massachusetts, USA) between 1984 and 2013 VL - 35 ID - 26236 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, Thomas J., III AU - Robblee, Michael B. AU - Wanless, Harold R. AU - Doyle, Thomas W. DO - 10.2307/1312230 IS - 4 N1 - 10.2307/1312230 PY - 1994 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 256-262 ST - Mangroves, hurricanes, and lightning strikes: Assessment of Hurricane Andrew suggests an interaction across two differing scales of disturbance T2 - BioScience TI - Mangroves, hurricanes, and lightning strikes: Assessment of Hurricane Andrew suggests an interaction across two differing scales of disturbance VL - 44 ID - 24378 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, W. Kolby AU - Reed, Sasha C. AU - Cleveland, Cory C. AU - Ballantyne, Ashley P. AU - Anderegg, William R. L. AU - Wieder, William R. AU - Liu, Yi Y. AU - Running, Steven W. DA - 03//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2879 IS - 3 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 306-310 ST - Large divergence of satellite and Earth system model estimates of global terrestrial CO2 fertilization T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Large divergence of satellite and Earth system model estimates of global terrestrial CO2 fertilization VL - 6 ID - 20504 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smyth, C. E. AU - Stinson, G. AU - Neilson, E. AU - Lemprière, T. C. AU - Hafer, M. AU - Rampley, G. J. AU - Kurz, W. A. DO - 10.5194/bg-11-3515-2014 IS - 13 PY - 2014 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 3515-3529 ST - Quantifying the biophysical climate change mitigation potential of Canada's forest sector T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Quantifying the biophysical climate change mitigation potential of Canada's forest sector VL - 11 ID - 22646 ER - TY - WEB AU - SNAP Community Charts CY - Fairbanks, AK M1 - August 9, 2017 PB - Scenarios Network for Alaska + Arctic Planning (SNAP) PY - 2017 ST - SNAP Climate-Outlook Community Charts TI - SNAP Climate-Outlook Community Charts UR - https://www.snap.uaf.edu/sites/all/modules/snap_community_charts/charts.php ID - 22293 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Snape, Thomas J. AU - Forster, Piers M. DO - 10.1002/2013JD020593 IS - 2 KW - Arctic Ice-free CMIP5 Variability 0750 Sea ice 1605 Abrupt/rapid climate change 1621 Cryospheric change 1626 Global climate models 9315 Arctic region PY - 2014 SN - 2169-8996 SP - 546-554 ST - Decline of Arctic sea ice: Evaluation and weighting of CMIP5 projections T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - Decline of Arctic sea ice: Evaluation and weighting of CMIP5 projections VL - 119 ID - 19875 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Snover, A.K. AU - Binder, L. AU - Lopez, J. AU - Willmott, E. AU - Kay, J. AU - Sims, R. AU - Wyman, M. AU - Hentschel, M. AU - Strickler, A. C4 - 97283f21-f440-4ed0-80bf-617c701ec6c1 CY - Oakland, CA PB - ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability PY - 2007 ST - Preparing for Climate Change: A Guidebook for Local, Regional, and State Governments TI - Preparing for Climate Change: A Guidebook for Local, Regional, and State Governments UR - http://www.cses.washington.edu/db/pdf/snoveretalgb574 ID - 15450 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Snover, Amy K. AU - Mauger, G. S. AU - Whitely Binder, Lara C. AU - Krosby, M. AU - Tohver, I. CY - Seattle, WA PB - University of Washington, Climate Impacts Group PY - 2013 SP - [various] ST - Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Washington State: Technical Summaries for Decision Makers. State of Knowledge Report Prepared for the Washington State Department of Ecology TI - Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Washington State: Technical Summaries for Decision Makers. State of Knowledge Report Prepared for the Washington State Department of Ecology UR - https://cig.uw.edu/resources/special-reports/wa-sok/ ID - 24798 ER - TY - RPRT AU - SNWA CY - Las Vegas, NV PB - Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) PY - 2017 SP - 56 ST - 2017 Water Resources Plan TI - 2017 Water Resources Plan UR - https://www.snwa.com/assets/pdf/water-resource-plan.pdf ID - 26387 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sobel, A. H. AU - Burleyson, C. D. AU - Yuter, S. E. DO - 10.1029/2010JD014695 IS - D8 KW - rainfall islands tropical 1878 Water/energy interactions 1840 Hydrometeorology 3374 Tropical meteorology 3309 Climatology PY - 2011 SN - 2156-2202 SP - D08102 ST - Rain on small tropical islands T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Rain on small tropical islands VL - 116 ID - 25001 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent assessments agree that tropical cyclone intensity should increase as the climate warms. Less agreement exists on the detection of recent historical trends in tropical cyclone intensity. We interpret future and recent historical trends by using the theory of potential intensity, which predicts the maximum intensity achievable by a tropical cyclone in a given local environment. Although greenhouse gas–driven warming increases potential intensity, climate model simulations suggest that aerosol cooling has largely canceled that effect over the historical record. Large natural variability complicates analysis of trends, as do poleward shifts in the latitude of maximum intensity. In the absence of strong reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, future greenhouse gas forcing of potential intensity will increasingly dominate over aerosol forcing, leading to substantially larger increases in tropical cyclone intensities. AU - Sobel, Adam H. AU - Camargo, Suzana J. AU - Hall, Timothy M. AU - Lee, Chia-Ying AU - Tippett, Michael K. AU - Wing, Allison A. DO - 10.1126/science.aaf6574 IS - 6296 PY - 2016 SP - 242-246 ST - Human influence on tropical cyclone intensity T2 - Science TI - Human influence on tropical cyclone intensity VL - 353 ID - 20217 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate warming poses two major challenges for birds: exposure to higher temperatures and disruption of the synchrony between nesting and resource emergence. To cope, birds are expected to track temperature by moving to cooler areas and to track resource emergence by breeding earlier. We show that these two responses are intertwined. Earlier breeding can substitute for range shifts by reducing temperatures during critical breeding-season life-history events. We show that early-summer temperatures affect nesting success in North American birds and that Californian birds breed ∼1 wk earlier today than a century ago. Thus, without shifting geographically, birds now nest at similar temperatures as they did a century ago, which might reshape both the need and the opportunity for range shifts.Species respond to climate change in two dominant ways: range shifts in latitude or elevation and phenological shifts of life-history events. Range shifts are widely viewed as the principal mechanism for thermal niche tracking, and phenological shifts in birds and other consumers are widely understood as the principal mechanism for tracking temporal peaks in biotic resources. However, phenological and range shifts each present simultaneous opportunities for temperature and resource tracking, although the possible role for phenological shifts in thermal niche tracking has been widely overlooked. Using a canonical dataset of Californian bird surveys and a detectability-based approach for quantifying phenological signal, we show that Californian bird communities advanced their breeding phenology by 5–12 d over the last century. This phenological shift might track shifting resource peaks, but it also reduces average temperatures during nesting by over 1 °C, approximately the same magnitude that average temperatures have warmed over the same period. We further show that early-summer temperature anomalies are correlated with nest success in a continental-scale database of bird nests, suggesting avian thermal niches might be broadly limited by temperatures during nesting. These findings outline an adaptation surface where geographic range and breeding phenology respond jointly to constraints imposed by temperature and resource phenology. By stabilizing temperatures during nesting, phenological shifts might mitigate the need for range shifts. Global change ecology will benefit from further exploring phenological adjustment as a potential mechanism for thermal niche tracking and vice versa. AU - Socolar, Jacob B. AU - Epanchin, Peter N. AU - Beissinger, Steven R. AU - Tingley, Morgan W. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1705897114 IS - 49 PY - 2017 SP - 12976-12981 ST - Phenological shifts conserve thermal niches in North American birds and reshape expectations for climate-driven range shifts T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Phenological shifts conserve thermal niches in North American birds and reshape expectations for climate-driven range shifts VL - 114 ID - 25983 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sofaer, Helen R. AU - Skagen, Susan K. AU - Barsugli, Joseph J. AU - Rashford, Benjamin S. AU - Reese, Gordon C. AU - Hoeting, Jennifer A. AU - Wood, Andrew W. AU - Noon, Barry R. DO - 10.1890/15-0750.1 IS - 6 KW - climate change impacts conservation planning hydrological projection Prairie Pothole Region vulnerability assessment waterfowl PY - 2016 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 1677-1692 ST - Projected wetland densities under climate change: Habitat loss but little geographic shift in conservation strategy T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Projected wetland densities under climate change: Habitat loss but little geographic shift in conservation strategy VL - 26 ID - 21621 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sohl, Terry L AU - Wimberly, Michael C AU - Radeloff, Volker C AU - Theobald, David M AU - Sleeter, Benjamin M DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.07.016 PY - 2016 SN - 0304-3800 SP - 281-297 ST - Divergent projections of future land use in the United States arising from different models and scenarios T2 - Ecological Modelling TI - Divergent projections of future land use in the United States arising from different models and scenarios VL - 337 ID - 22647 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sohn, Julia A. AU - Saha, Somidh AU - Bauhus, Jürgen DA - 11/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.046 KW - Stand density Water stress Radial growth Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes Water potential Resilience PY - 2016 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 261-273 ST - Potential of forest thinning to mitigate drought stress: A meta-analysis T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Potential of forest thinning to mitigate drought stress: A meta-analysis VL - 380 ID - 21953 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sohngen, Brent AU - Tian, Xiaohui DA - 2016/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2016.06.011 KW - Climate change Dynamic optimization Dieback Disturbance Ecosystems PY - 2016 SN - 1389-9341 SP - 18-26 ST - Global climate change impacts on forests and markets T2 - Forest Policy and Economics TI - Global climate change impacts on forests and markets VL - 72 ID - 25952 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Solander, Kurt C. AU - Bennett, Katrina E. AU - Middleton, Richard S. DA - 2017/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.05.004 KW - Streamflow Extremes Mann-Kendall trend analysis Generalized Extreme Value Snowmelt Colorado River Basin PY - 2017 SN - 2214-5818 SP - 363-377 ST - Shifts in historical streamflow extremes in the Colorado River Basin T2 - Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies TI - Shifts in historical streamflow extremes in the Colorado River Basin VL - 12 ID - 26385 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Solecki, William AU - Pelling, Mark AU - Garschagen, Matthias DO - 10.5751/ES-09102-220238 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SP - Art. 38 ST - Transitions between risk management regimes in cities T2 - Ecology and Society TI - Transitions between risk management regimes in cities VL - 22 ID - 21932 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Meeting the ambitions of the Paris Agreement will require rapid and massive decarbonization of cities, as well as adaptation. Capacity and requirement differs across cities, with challenges and opportunities for transformational action in both the Global North and South. AU - Solecki, William AU - Rosenzweig, Cynthia AU - Dhakal, Shobhakar AU - Roberts, Debra AU - Barau, Aliyu Salisu AU - Schultz, Seth AU - Ürge-Vorsatz, Diana DA - 2018/03/01 DO - 10.1038/s41558-018-0101-5 IS - 3 PY - 2018 SN - 1758-6798 SP - 177-181 ST - City transformations in a 1.5 °C warmer world T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - City transformations in a 1.5 °C warmer world VL - 8 ID - 26281 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Solecki, W. AU - Rosenzweig, C. AU - Gornitz, V. AU - Horton, R. AU - Major, D.C. AU - Partrick, L. AU - Zimmerman, R. C4 - 7ebead0e-59ca-4a4f-bb1c-3ae942bb4337 CY - Boca Raton, FL KW - added by ERG PB - CRC Press PY - 2014 SP - 125-146 ST - Climate change and infrastructure adaptation in coastal New York City T2 - Climate Change and the Coast: Building Resilient Communities TI - Climate change and infrastructure adaptation in coastal New York City ID - 22943 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Soler-López, Luis R. AU - Licha-Soler, N. A. CY - Reston, VA DB - USGS Publications Warehouse LA - English M3 - Report NV - Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5239 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2005 SP - 26 ST - Sedimentation Survey of Lago Loíza, Puerto Rico, January 2004 TI - Sedimentation Survey of Lago Loíza, Puerto Rico, January 2004 UR - https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5239/ ID - 25096 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Soler-López, Luis R. AU - Licha-Soler, N. A. CY - Reston, VA DB - USGS Publications Warehouse DO - 10.3133/sim3219 LA - English M3 - Report NV - Scientific Investigations Map 3219 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2012 SP - 1 ST - Sedimentation Survey of Lago Loíza, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, July 2009 TI - Sedimentation Survey of Lago Loíza, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, July 2009 ID - 25095 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The severity of damaging human-induced climate change depends not only on the magnitude of the change but also on the potential for irreversibility. This paper shows that the climate change that takes place due to increases in carbon dioxide concentration is largely irreversible for 1,000 years after emissions stop. Following cessation of emissions, removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide decreases radiative forcing, but is largely compensated by slower loss of heat to the ocean, so that atmospheric temperatures do not drop significantly for at least 1,000 years. Among illustrative irreversible impacts that should be expected if atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase from current levels near 385 parts per million by volume (ppmv) to a peak of 450-600 ppmv over the coming century are irreversible dry-season rainfall reductions in several regions comparable to those of the "dust bowl'' era and inexorable sea level rise. Thermal expansion of the warming ocean provides a conservative lower limit to irreversible global average sea level rise of at least 0.4-1.0 m if 21st century CO2 concentrations exceed 600 ppmv and 0.6-1.9 m for peak CO2 concentrations exceeding approximate to 1,000 ppmv. Additional contributions from glaciers and ice sheet contributions to future sea level rise are uncertain but may equal or exceed several meters over the next millennium or longer. AN - WOS:000263252500008 AU - Solomon, S. AU - Plattner, G. K. AU - Knutti, R. AU - Friedlingstein, P. C6 - NIEHS DA - Feb DO - 10.1073/pnas.0812721106 DP - CCII Web of Science IS - 6 KW - dangerous interference precipitation sea level rise warming greenland ice-sheet sea-level rise model co2 increase projections atmosphere ocean cycle 21st-century LA - English M3 - Article PY - 2009 RN - CCII Unique ; Excluded in Distiller SN - 0027-8424 SP - 1704-1709 ST - Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions VL - 106 ID - 8186 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The northeastern Pacific Ocean is undergoing changes in temperature, carbonate chemistry, and dissolved oxygen concentration in concert with global change. Each of these stressors has wide-ranging effects on physiological systems, which may differ among species and life-history stages. Simultaneous exposure to multiple stressors may lead to even stronger impacts on organisms, but interacting effects remain poorly understood. Here, we examine how single- and multiple-stressor effects on physiology may drive changes in the behavior, biogeography, and ecosystem structure in coastal marine ecosystems, with emphasis on the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. By analyzing the effects of stressors on physiological processes common to many marine taxa, we may be able to develop broadly applicable understandings of the effects of global change. This mechanistic foundation may contribute to the development of models and other decision-support tools to assist resource managers and policymakers in anticipating and addressing global change–driven alterations in marine populations and ecosystems. AU - Somero, George N. AU - Beers, Jody M. AU - Chan, Francis AU - Hill, Tessa M. AU - Klinger, Terrie AU - Litvin, Steven Y. DO - 10.1093/biosci/biv162 IS - 1 N1 - 10.1093/biosci/biv162 PY - 2016 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 14-26 ST - What changes in the carbonate system, oxygen, and temperature portend for the northeastern Pacific Ocean: A physiological perspective T2 - BioScience TI - What changes in the carbonate system, oxygen, and temperature portend for the northeastern Pacific Ocean: A physiological perspective VL - 66 ID - 24904 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sommers, William T AU - Loehman, Rachel A AU - Hardy, Colin C DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.12.014 PY - 2014 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 1-8 ST - Wildland fire emissions, carbon, and climate: Science overview and knowledge needs T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Wildland fire emissions, carbon, and climate: Science overview and knowledge needs VL - 317 ID - 22648 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose Heat waves could reveal or aggravate several ‘serious’ adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in elderly. Thus, we wanted to describe the main characteristics of heat-related ‘serious’ ADRs occurred in patients older than 70 years during these two events in France (2003 and 2006). Methods We analysed ‘serious’ ADRs reported to the network of French pharmacovigilance centres in summer 2003 and 2006 and suspected to be heat related. ‘Serious’ ADRs occurred during summers with heat waves (2003 and 2006) were compared with ADRs occurred during the same months in the summers of 2004 and 2005 (reference period). Results Patients' characteristics and number of ‘serious’ ADRs were similar whatever the year of the study. Number of drug-related deaths seemed higher in 2003 than in 2004–2005. More ‘serious’ heat-related ADRs were reported in the summers of 2003 and 2006 (68 in 2003 and 72 in 2006). Comparing with the reference period, metabolic ADRs were less frequent during the summers of 2003 (29%, p = 0.0001) and 2006 (39%, p = 0.003). Occurrence of other ADRs was similar whatever the period. Drugs more frequently involved during heat waves were diuretics, serotonic antidepressants, angiotensin converting inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors. Differences between 2003 and 2006 were found for non-dopaminergic (atropinic) antiparkinsonians or antiepileptics (most frequently involved in 2006) and beta-blockers or proton pump inhibitors (less frequently involved in 2006). Conclusion The present study underlines the interest of a National Pharmacovigilance Database to follow each year the role of drugs in heat-related ADRs. This survey should be associated with other pharmacoepidemiological methods, such as case–control or population-based studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. AU - Sommet, Agnès AU - Durrieu, Genevieve AU - Lapeyre-Mestre, Maryse AU - Montastruc, Jean-Louis DO - 10.1002/pds.2307 IS - 3 PY - 2012 SP - 285-288 ST - A comparative study of adverse drug reactions during two heat waves that occurred in France in 2003 and 2006 T2 - Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety TI - A comparative study of adverse drug reactions during two heat waves that occurred in France in 2003 and 2006 VL - 21 ID - 25984 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Soneja, Sutyajeet AU - Jiang, Chengsheng AU - Romeo Upperman, Crystal AU - Murtugudde, Raghu AU - S. Mitchell, Clifford AU - Blythe, David AU - Sapkota, Amy R. AU - Sapkota, Amir DA - 2016/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.021 KW - Campylobacteriosis Climate change Coastal vulnerability El Niño La Niña PY - 2016 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 216-221 ST - Extreme precipitation events and increased risk of campylobacteriosis in Maryland, U.S.A T2 - Environmental Research TI - Extreme precipitation events and increased risk of campylobacteriosis in Maryland, U.S.A VL - 149 ID - 21707 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sorte, Bruce AU - Rahe, Mallory AU - Lewin, Paul PB - Oregon State University Extension Service, and University of Idaho Extension Service PY - 2016 SP - 4 ST - Agriculture, Food, Forestry and Fishing in the Northwest U.S: An Economic Overview. Executive Summary TI - Agriculture, Food, Forestry and Fishing in the Northwest U.S: An Economic Overview. Executive Summary UR - https://www.northwestfcs.com/-/media/Files/BMC/Economic-Impact-Study---Executive-Summary.ashx?la=en ID - 24799 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Ziska, Lewis H. A2 - Dukes, Jeffrey S. AU - Sorte, Cascade J. B. C4 - 33e13829-9f3d-400e-9be7-4f3c6b16b41b CY - Wallingford, UK DO - 10.1079/9781780641645.0101 PB - CABI PY - 2014 SN - 9781780641645 SP - 101-116 ST - Synergies between climate change and species invasions: Evidence from marine systems SV - 4 T2 - Invasive species and global climate change T3 - CABI Invasives Series TI - Synergies between climate change and species invasions: Evidence from marine systems ID - 23453 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sorte, Cascade J. B. AU - Davidson, Victoria E. AU - Franklin, Marcus C. AU - Benes, Kylla M. AU - Doellman, Meredith M. AU - Etter, Ron J. AU - Hannigan, Robyn E. AU - Lubchenco, Jane AU - Menge, Bruce A. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13425 IS - 1 KW - Atlantic benchmarks biodiversity community ecology foundation species global change historical ecology mussel Mytilus edulis population biology PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 341-352 ST - Long-term declines in an intertidal foundation species parallel shifts in community composition T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Long-term declines in an intertidal foundation species parallel shifts in community composition VL - 23 ID - 24905 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sorte, Cascade J. B. AU - Ibáñez, Ines AU - Blumenthal, Dana M. AU - Molinari, Nicole A. AU - Miller, Luke P. AU - Grosholz, Edwin D. AU - Diez, Jeffrey M. AU - D'Antonio, Carla M. AU - Olden, Julian D. AU - Jones, Sierra J. AU - Dukes, Jeffrey S. DO - 10.1111/ele.12017 IS - 2 KW - Climate change CO2 effect size forecasting global warming invasive species meta-analysis performance precipitation resource utilisation PY - 2013 SN - 1461-0248 SP - 261-270 ST - Poised to prosper? A cross-system comparison of climate change effects on native and non-native species performance T2 - Ecology Letters TI - Poised to prosper? A cross-system comparison of climate change effects on native and non-native species performance VL - 16 ID - 23454 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sou, Gemma AU - Aponte-González, Felix CY - Mancehster, UK PB - Universtiy of Manchester, Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute PY - 2017 SP - 5 ST - Making It Count After Irma and María: Household Relief and Recovery in Puerto Rico TI - Making It Count After Irma and María: Household Relief and Recovery in Puerto Rico UR - http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=35038 ID - 26438 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Soulard, C.E. AU - Wilson, T.S. DO - 10.1080/1747423x.2013.841297 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SN - 1747-423X 1747-4248 SP - 59-80 ST - Recent land-use/land-cover change in the Central California Valley T2 - Journal of Land Use Science TI - Recent land-use/land-cover change in the Central California Valley VL - 10 ID - 22649 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Southwick Associates CY - Fernandina Beach, FL PB - Southwick Associates PY - 2017 SP - 66 ST - Economic Impact of Hunting, Fishing, Trapping, Boating, and Wildlife Viewing in South Dakota. Produced for South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks TI - Economic Impact of Hunting, Fishing, Trapping, Boating, and Wildlife Viewing in South Dakota. Produced for South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks UR - https://gfp.sd.gov/userdocs/docs/FishWildlifeBoatingEconomics.pdf ID - 21653 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spalding, Mark D. AU - Ruffo, Susan AU - Lacambra, Carmen AU - Meliane, Imèn AU - Hale, Lynne Zeitlin AU - Shepard, Christine C. AU - Beck, Michael W. DA - 2014/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.09.007 PY - 2014 SN - 0964-5691 SP - 50-57 ST - The role of ecosystems in coastal protection: Adapting to climate change and coastal hazards T2 - Ocean & Coastal Management TI - The role of ecosystems in coastal protection: Adapting to climate change and coastal hazards VL - 90 ID - 23998 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In April 2015, the Governor of California mandated a 25% statewide reduction in water consumption (relative to 2013 levels) by urban water suppliers. The more than 400 public water agencies affected by the regulation were also required to report monthly progress towards the conservation goal to the State Water Resources Control Board. This paper uses the reported data to assess how the water utilities have responded to this mandate and to estimate the electricity savings and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions associated with reduced operation of urban water infrastructure systems. The results show that California succeeded in saving 524 000 million gallons (MG) of water (a 24.5% decrease relative to the 2013 baseline) over the mandate period, which translates into 1830 GWh total electricity savings, and a GHG emissions reduction of 521 000 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (MT CO 2 e). For comparison, the total electricity savings linked to water conservation are approximately 11% greater than the savings achieved by the investor-owned electricity utilities’ efficiency programs for roughly the same time period, and the GHG savings represent the equivalent of taking about 111 000 cars off the road for a year. These indirect, large-scale electricity and GHG savings were achieved at costs that were competitive with existing programs that target electricity and GHG savings directly and independently. Finally, given the breadth of the results produced, we built a companion website, called ‘H2Open’ ( https://cwee.shinyapps.io/greengov/ [http://https://cwee.shinyapps.io/greengov/] ), to this research effort that allows users to view and explore the data and results across scales, from individual water utilities to the statewide summary. AU - Spang, Edward, S. AU - Holguin, Andrew J. AU - Loge, Frank J. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa9b89 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 014016 ST - The estimated impact of California’s urban water conservation mandate on electricity consumption and greenhouse gas emissions T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - The estimated impact of California’s urban water conservation mandate on electricity consumption and greenhouse gas emissions VL - 13 ID - 25431 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Spanger-Siegfried, Erika AU - Fitzpatrick, Melanie AU - Dahl, Kristina CY - Cambridge, MA PB - Union of Concerned Scientists PY - 2014 SP - 64 ST - Encroaching Tides: How Sea Level Rise and Tidal Flooding Threaten U.S. East and Gulf Coast Communities over the Next 30 Years TI - Encroaching Tides: How Sea Level Rise and Tidal Flooding Threaten U.S. East and Gulf Coast Communities over the Next 30 Years UR - http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/impacts/effects-of-tidal-flooding-and-sea-level-rise-east-coast-gulf-of-mexico ID - 23183 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Spanne, Autumn PB - Guardian News and Media Limited PY - 2016 ST - The lucky ones: Native American tribe receives $48m to flee climate change T2 - The Guardian TI - The lucky ones: Native American tribe receives $48m to flee climate change UR - https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/mar/23/native-american-tribes-first-nations-climate-change-environment-indican-removal-act ID - 23997 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Recent research suggests that heat exposure may increase the risk of traumatic injuries. Published heat-related epidemiological studies have relied upon exposure data from individual weather stations. Objective To evaluate the association between heat exposure and traumatic injuries in outdoor agricultural workers exposed to ambient heat and internal heat generated by physical activity using modeled ambient exposure data. Methods A case-crossover study using time-stratified referent selection among 12,213 outdoor agricultural workers with new Washington State Fund workers’ compensation traumatic injury claims between 2000 and 2012 was conducted. Maximum daily Humidex exposures, derived from modeled meteorological data, were assigned to latitudes and longitudes of injury locations on injury and referent dates. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of injury for a priori daily maximum Humidex categories. Results The mean of within-stratum (injury day and corresponding referent days) standard deviations of daily maximum Humidex was 4.8. The traumatic injury odds ratio was 1.14 (95% confidence interval 1.06, 1.22), 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.06, 1.25), and 1.10 (95% confidence interval 1.01, 1.20) for daily maximum Humidex of 25–29, 30–33, and ≥34, respectively, compared to < 25, adjusted for self-reported duration of employment. Stronger associations were observed during cherry harvest duties in the June and July time period, compared to all duties over the entire study period. Conclusions Agricultural workers laboring in warm conditions are at risk for heat-related traumatic injuries. Combined heat-related illness and injury prevention efforts should be considered in high-risk populations exposed to warm ambient conditions in the setting of physical exertion. AU - Spector, June T. AU - Bonauto, David K. AU - Sheppard, Lianne AU - Busch-Isaksen, Tania AU - Calkins, Miriam AU - Adams, Darrin AU - Lieblich, Max AU - Fenske, Richard A. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0164498 IS - 10 PY - 2016 SP - e0164498 ST - A case-crossover study of heat exposure and injury risk in outdoor agricultural workers T2 - PLOS ONE TI - A case-crossover study of heat exposure and injury risk in outdoor agricultural workers VL - 11 ID - 25953 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Hydroclimatic stationarity is increasingly questioned as a default assumption in flood risk management (FRM), but successor methods are not yet established. Some potential successors depend on estimates of future flood quantiles, but methods for estimating future design storms are subject to high levels of uncertainty. Here we apply a Nonstationary Decision Model (NDM) to flood risk planning within the decision scaling framework. The NDM combines a nonstationary probability distribution of annual peak flow with optimal selection of flood management alternatives using robustness measures. The NDM incorporates structural and nonstructural FRM interventions and valuation of flows supporting ecosystem services to calculate expected cost of a given FRM strategy. A search for the minimum‐cost strategy under incrementally varied representative scenarios extending across the plausible range of flood trend and value of the natural flow regime discovers candidate FRM strategies that are evaluated and compared through a decision scaling analysis (DSA). The DSA selects a management strategy that is optimal or close to optimal across the broadest range of scenarios or across the set of scenarios deemed most likely to occur according to estimates of future flood hazard. We illustrate the decision framework using a stylized example flood management decision based on the Iowa City flood management system, which has experienced recent unprecedented high flow episodes. The DSA indicates a preference for combining infrastructural and nonstructural adaptation measures to manage flood risk and makes clear that options‐based approaches cannot be assumed to be “no” or “low regret.” AU - Spence, Caitlin M. AU - Brown, Casey M. DO - 10.1002/2016WR018981 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SP - 8650-8667 ST - Nonstationary decision model for flood risk decision scaling T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Nonstationary decision model for flood risk decision scaling VL - 52 ID - 25387 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spencer, Benjamin AU - Lawler, Josh AU - Lowe, Celia AU - Thompson, LuAnne AU - Hinckley, Tom AU - Kim, Soo-Hyung AU - Bolton, Susan AU - Meschke, Scott AU - Olden, Julian D. AU - Voss, Joachim DA - 2017/04/03 DO - 10.1080/09640568.2016.1168287 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SN - 0964-0568 SP - 647-667 ST - Case studies in co-benefits approaches to climate change mitigation and adaptation T2 - Journal of Environmental Planning and Management TI - Case studies in co-benefits approaches to climate change mitigation and adaptation VL - 60 ID - 25954 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spencer, Paul D. AU - Holsman, Kirstin K. AU - Zador, Stephani AU - Bond, Nicholas A. AU - Mueter, Franz J. AU - Hollowed, Anne B. AU - Ianelli, James N. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsw040 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 1330-1342 ST - Modelling spatially dependent predation mortality of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock, and its implications for stock dynamics under future climate scenarios T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Modelling spatially dependent predation mortality of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock, and its implications for stock dynamics under future climate scenarios VL - 73 ID - 22294 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Version 6 of the UAH MSU/AMSU global satellite temperature dataset represents an extensive revision of the procedures employed in previous versions of the UAH datasets. The two most significant results from an end-user perspective are (1) a decrease in the global-average lower tropospheric temperature (LT) trend from +0.14°C decade−1 to +0.11°C decade−1 (Jan. 1979 through Dec. 2015); and (2) the geographic distribution of the LT trends, including higher spatial resolution, owing to a new method for computing LT. We describe the major changes in processing strategy, including a new method for monthly gridpoint averaging which uses all of the footprint data yet eliminates the need for limb correction; a new multi-channel (rather than multi-angle) method for computing the lower tropospheric (LT) temperature product which requires an additional tropopause (TP) channel to be used; and a new empirical method for diurnal drift correction. We show results for LT, the midtroposphere (MT, from MSU2/AMSU5), and lower stratosphere (LS, from MSU4/AMSU9). A 0.03°C decade−1 reduction in the global LT trend from the Version 5.6 product is partly due to lesser sensitivity of the new LT to land surface skin temperature (est. 0.01°C decade−1), with the remainder of the reduction (0.02°C decade−1) due to the new diurnal drift adjustment, the more robust method of LT calculation, and other changes in processing procedures. AU - Spencer, Roy W. AU - Christy, John R. AU - Braswell, William D. DO - 10.1007/s13143-017-0010-y IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1976-7951 SP - 121-130 ST - UAH Version 6 global satellite temperature products: Methodology and results T2 - Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences TI - UAH Version 6 global satellite temperature products: Methodology and results VL - 53 ID - 20782 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Špitalar, Maruša AU - Gourley, Jonathan J. AU - Lutoff, Celine AU - Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel AU - Brilly, Mitja AU - Carr, Nicholas DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.004 N1 - Ch7 PY - 2014 SN - 00221694 SP - 863-870 ST - Analysis of flash flood parameters and human impacts in the US from 2006 to 2012 T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Analysis of flash flood parameters and human impacts in the US from 2006 to 2012 VL - 519 ID - 17805 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Biochar has been heralded as an amendment to revitalize degraded soils, improve soil carbon sequestration, increase agronomic productivity, and enter into future carbon trading markets. However, scientific and economic technicalities may limit the ability of biochar to consistently deliver on these expectations. Past research has demonstrated that biochar is part of the black carbon continuum with variable properties due to the net result of production (e.g., feedstock and pyrolysis conditions) and postproduction factors (storage or activation). Therefore, biochar is not a single entity but rather spans a wide range of black carbon forms. Biochar is black carbon, but not all black carbon is biochar. Agronomic benefits arising from biochar additions to degraded soils have been emphasized, but negligible and negative agronomic effects have also been reported. Fifty percent of the reviewed studies reported yield increases after black carbon or biochar additions, with the remainder of the studies reporting alarming decreases to no significant differences. Hardwood biochar (black carbon) produced by traditional methods (kilns or soil pits) possessed the most consistent yield increases when added to soils. The universality of this conclusion requires further evaluation due to the highly skewed feedstock preferences within existing studies. With global population expanding while the amount of arable land remains limited, restoring soil quality to nonproductive soils could be key to meeting future global food production, food security, and energy supplies; biochar may play a role in this endeavor. Biochar economics are often marginally viable and are tightly tied to the assumed duration of agronomic benefits. Further research is needed to determine the conditions under which biochar can provide economic and agronomic benefits and to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms responsible for these benefits. AU - Spokas, Kurt A. AU - Cantrell, Keri B. AU - Novak, Jeffrey M. AU - Archer, David W. AU - Ippolito, James A. AU - Collins, Harold P. AU - Boateng, Akwasi A. AU - Lima, Isabel M. AU - Lamb, Marshall C. AU - McAloon, Andrew J. AU - Lentz, Rodrick D. AU - Nichols, Kristine A. DO - 10.2134/jeq2011.0069 IS - 4 LA - English PY - 2012 SP - 973-989 ST - Biochar: A synthesis of its agronomic impact beyond carbon sequestration T2 - Journal of Environmental Quality TI - Biochar: A synthesis of its agronomic impact beyond carbon sequestration VL - 41 ID - 25535 ER - TY - JOUR AN - WOS:000287853000019 AU - Spooner, D. E. AU - Xenopoulos, M. A. AU - Schneider, C. AU - Woolnough, D. A. C6 - NCA DA - Apr DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02372.x IS - 4 KW - biodiversity; climate change; discharge; extirpation; fish; functional; redundancy; habitat modeling; host-specificity; mussel; simulation; fresh-water; species richness; extinction risk; dreissena-polymorpha; mussel assemblages; aquatic ecosystem; severe drought; coastal-plain; united-states; zebra mussels M3 - Article PY - 2011 SN - 1354-1013 SP - 1720-1732 ST - Coextirpation of host-affiliate relationships in rivers: The role of climate change, water withdrawal, and host-specificity T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Coextirpation of host-affiliate relationships in rivers: The role of climate change, water withdrawal, and host-specificity VL - 17 ID - 15468 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spracklen, D.V. AU - Logan, J.A. AU - Mickley, L.J. AU - Park, R.J. AU - Yevich, R. AU - Westerling, A.L. AU - Jaffe, D.A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2007GL030037 IS - 16 PY - 2007 SN - 0094-8276 SP - L16816 ST - Wildfires drive interannual variability of organic carbon aerosol in the western US in summer T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Wildfires drive interannual variability of organic carbon aerosol in the western US in summer VL - 34 ID - 15469 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spracklen, D.V. AU - Mickley, L.J. AU - Logan, J.A. AU - Hudman, R.C. AU - Yevich, R. AU - Flannigan, M.D. AU - Westerling, A.L. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2008JD010966 IS - D20 PY - 2009 SP - D20301 ST - Impacts of climate change from 2000 to 2050 on wildfire activity and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in the western United States T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Impacts of climate change from 2000 to 2050 on wildfire activity and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in the western United States VL - 114 ID - 15470 ER - TY - RPRT AU - SPREP CY - Apia, Samoa N1 - 978-982-04-0501-1 (print) 978-982-04-0502-8 (ecopy) PB - Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and United Nations Development Programme PY - 2013 RP - 978-982-04-0501-1 (print) 978-982-04-0502-8 (ecopy) SP - 42 ST - Adapting to Climate Change in the Pacific: The PACC [Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change] Programme TI - Adapting to Climate Change in the Pacific: The PACC [Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change] Programme UR - http://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/8948 ID - 22512 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sprigg, William A. AU - Nickovic, Slobodan AU - Galgiani, John N. AU - Pejanovic, Goran AU - Petkovic, Slavko AU - Vujadinovic, Mirjam AU - Vukovic, Ana AU - Dacic, Milan AU - DiBiase, Scott AU - Prasad, Anup AU - El-Askary, Hesham DA - 2014/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.03.001 KW - Airborne dust Haboob Dust storm Forecasts Valley fever Disease surveillance PY - 2014 SN - 1875-9637 SP - 53-73 ST - Regional dust storm modeling for health services: The case of valley fever T2 - Aeolian Research TI - Regional dust storm modeling for health services: The case of valley fever VL - 14 ID - 23861 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Springer, Yuri P. AU - Jarnevich, Catherine S. AU - Barnett, David T. AU - Monaghan, Andrew J. AU - Eisen, Rebecca J. DO - 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0330 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SP - 875-890 ST - Modeling the present and future geographic distribution of the Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae), in the continental United States T2 - The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene TI - Modeling the present and future geographic distribution of the Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae), in the continental United States VL - 93 ID - 24083 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Springmann, Marco AU - Mason-D'Croz, Daniel AU - Robinson, Sherman AU - Garnett, Tara AU - Godfray, H. Charles J. AU - Gollin, Douglas AU - Rayner, Mike AU - Ballon, Paola AU - Scarborough, Peter DA - 2016/05/07/ DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01156-3 IS - 10031 PY - 2016 SN - 0140-6736 SP - 1937-1946 ST - Global and regional health effects of future food production under climate change: A modelling study T2 - The Lancet TI - Global and regional health effects of future food production under climate change: A modelling study VL - 387 ID - 25312 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sproles, E. A. AU - Roth, T. R. AU - Nolin, A. W. DO - 10.5194/tc-11-331-2017 IS - 1 N1 - TC PY - 2017 SN - 1994-0424 SP - 331-341 ST - Future snow? A spatial-probabilistic assessment of the extraordinarily low snowpacks of 2014 and 2015 in the Oregon Cascades T2 - The Cryosphere TI - Future snow? A spatial-probabilistic assessment of the extraordinarily low snowpacks of 2014 and 2015 in the Oregon Cascades VL - 11 ID - 24622 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anthropogenic sea-level rise (SLR) causes considerable risks. Designing a sound SLR risk-management strategy requires careful consideration of decision-relevant uncertainties such as the reasonable upper bound of future SLR. The recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment reported a likely upper SLR bound in the year 2100 near 0.6 m (meter). More recent studies considering semi-empirical modeling approaches and kinematic constraints on glacial melting suggest a reasonable 2100 SLR upper bound of approximately 2 m. These recent studies have broken important new ground, but they largely neglect uncertainties surrounding thermal expansion (thermosteric SLR) and/or observational constraints on ocean heat uptake. Here we quantify the effects of key parametric uncertainties and observational constraints on thermosteric SLR projections using an Earth system model with a dynamic three-dimensional ocean, which provides a mechanistic representation of deep ocean processes and heat uptake. Considering these effects nearly doubles the contribution of thermosteric SLR compared to previous estimates and increases the reasonable upper bound of 2100 SLR projections by 0.25 m. As an illustrative example of the effect of overconfidence, we show how neglecting thermosteric uncertainty in projections of the SLR upper bound can considerably bias risk analysis and hence the design of adaptation strategies. For conditions close to the Port of Los Angeles, the 0.25 m increase in the reasonable upper bound can result in a flooding-risk increase by roughly three orders of magnitude. Results provide evidence that relatively minor underestimation of the upper bound of projected SLR can lead to major downward biases of future flooding risks. AU - Sriver, Ryan L. AU - Urban, Nathan M. AU - Olson, Roman AU - Keller, Klaus DO - 10.1007/s10584-012-0610-6 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 893-902 ST - Toward a physically plausible upper bound of sea-level rise projections T2 - Climatic Change TI - Toward a physically plausible upper bound of sea-level rise projections VL - 115 ID - 20633 ER - TY - RPRT AU - SSFM International CY - Honolulu, HI PY - 2011 SP - various ST - Transportation Asset Climate Change Risk Assessment. Prepared For the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization TI - Transportation Asset Climate Change Risk Assessment. Prepared For the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization UR - http://www.oahumpo.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/CC_Report_FINAL_Nov_2011.pdf ID - 26059 ER - TY - RPRT AU - St. Amand, David CY - Boxborough, MA PB - Navigistics Consulting PY - 2012 SP - 6 ST - Mississippi River Low Water Level Economic Impact: December 2012-January 2013 TI - Mississippi River Low Water Level Economic Impact: December 2012-January 2013 UR - http://waterwayscouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Water_Level_Economic-Impacts_11-28.pdf ID - 26060 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Vogel, Jason A2 - Carney, Karen M. A2 - Smith, Joel B. A2 - Herrick, Charles A2 - Stults, Missy A2 - O’Grady, Megan A2 - Juliana, Alexis St. A2 - Hosterman, Heather A2 - Giangola, Lorine AU - St. Juliana, Alexis AU - Vogel, Jason C4 - c5ee6e52-3526-4fdf-95fe-326a0ed8bff2 CY - Detroit, MI PB - Kresge Foundation and Abt Associates PY - 2016 SP - 109-120 ST - Kay Bailey Hutchison Inland desalination facility T2 - Climate Adaptation: The State of Practice in U.S. Communities TI - Kay Bailey Hutchison Inland desalination facility UR - https://kresge.org/sites/default/files/library/climate-adaptation-the-state-of-practice-in-us-communities-full-report.pdf ID - 23285 ER - TY - RPRT AU - St. Regis Mohawk Tribe CY - Akwesasne, NY PB - Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe PY - 2013 SP - 57 ST - Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Akwesasne TI - Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Akwesasne UR - https://www.srmt-nsn.gov/_uploads/site_files/ClimateChange.pdf ID - 21915 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stabeno, Phyllis J. AU - Kachel, Nancy B. AU - Moore, Sue E. AU - Napp, Jeffrey M. AU - Sigler, Michael AU - Yamaguchi, Atsushi AU - Zerbini, Alexandre N. DA - 2012/06/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.020 KW - Bering Sea Interannual variability Ocean currents Ecosystem Climate Zooplankton PY - 2012 SN - 0967-0645 SP - 31-45 ST - Comparison of warm and cold years on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf and some implications for the ecosystem T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography TI - Comparison of warm and cold years on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf and some implications for the ecosystem VL - 65 ID - 22295 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stacy, Patrick K. R. AU - Comrie, Andrew C. AU - Yool, Stephen R. DA - 2012/03/01 DO - 10.2747/1548-1603.49.2.299 IS - 2 PY - 2012 SN - 1548-1603 SP - 299-316 ST - Modeling valley fever incidence in Arizona using a satellite-derived soil moisture proxy T2 - GIScience & Remote Sensing TI - Modeling valley fever incidence in Arizona using a satellite-derived soil moisture proxy VL - 49 ID - 25985 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Staebler, Patricia PY - 2017 SP - 261-273 ST - The 50% FEMA rule appraisal T2 - The Appraisal Journal TI - The 50% FEMA rule appraisal UR - http://www.myappraisalinstitute.org/webpac/pdf/TAJ2017/FEMA_Appraisal.pdf VL - Fall ID - 25654 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Staff Writer CY - Columbus, OH M1 - September 30 PB - Agri Communicators Inc. PY - 2015 ST - Country life: Wetland rehabilitation effort paying off T2 - Ohio Ag Net TI - Country life: Wetland rehabilitation effort paying off UR - http://ocj.com/2015/09/wetland-rehabilitation-effort-paying-off/ ID - 26606 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stahl, Shaina IS - 1 PY - 2010 SP - 1-52 ST - Unprotected ground: The plight of vanishing island nations T2 - New York International Law Review TI - Unprotected ground: The plight of vanishing island nations VL - 23 ID - 26414 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Stamm, John F. AU - Poteet, Mary F. AU - Symstad, Amy J. AU - Musgrove, MaryLynn AU - Long, Andrew J. AU - Mahler, Barbara J. AU - Norton, Parker A. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/sir20145089 NV - USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5089 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2014 SP - 61 ST - Historical and Projected Climate (1901–2050) and Hydrologic Response of Karst Aquifers, and Species Vulnerability in South-Central Texas and Western South Dakota TI - Historical and Projected Climate (1901–2050) and Hydrologic Response of Karst Aquifers, and Species Vulnerability in South-Central Texas and Western South Dakota ID - 23298 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stanke, Carla AU - Kerac, Marko AU - Prudhomme, Christel AU - Medlock, Jolyon AU - Murray, Virginia KW - added by ERG N1 - 2013 Jun 5 . Edition 1. (In PLOS citation) PY - 2013 ST - Health effects of drought: A systematic review of the evidence T2 - PLoS Currents: Disasters TI - Health effects of drought: A systematic review of the evidence UR - http://currents.plos.org/disasters/index.html%3Fp=6221.html ID - 23016 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Stanturf, John AU - Goodrick, Scott AU - Warren, Mel AU - Stegall, Christie AU - Williams, Marcus CY - Washington, DC PB - USAID Liberia Mission PY - 2013 SP - 136 ST - Liberia Climate Change Assessment TI - Liberia Climate Change Assessment UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237102310_liberia_climate_change_assessment ID - 26014 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Staples, George W. AU - Cowie, Robert H. CY - Honolulu, HI DA - 2001 PB - Bishop Museum Press PY - 2001 SN - 1566475104 SP - 114 ST - Hawaii's Invasive Species: A Guide to Invasive Plants and Animals in the Hawaiian Islands TI - Hawaii's Invasive Species: A Guide to Invasive Plants and Animals in the Hawaiian Islands ID - 22361 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Frequency and intensity of fire determines the structure and regulates the function of savanna ecosystems worldwide, yet our understanding of prescribed fire impacts on carbon in these systems is rudimentary. We combined eddy covariance (EC) techniques and fuel consumption plots to examine the short-term response of longleaf pine forest carbon dynamics to one prescribed fire at the ends of an edaphic gradient (mesic and xeric sites). We also introduce novel (to the EC research community) statistical time-series approaches to quantify the drivers of carbon dynamics in these systems. We determined that our mesic site was a moderate sink of carbon (−157.7 ± 25.1 g C m−2 year−1), while the xeric site was carbon neutral (5.9 ± 32.8 g C m−2 year−1) during the study. The fire released 408 and 153 g C m−2 year−1 for the mesic and xeric sites, respectively. When loss associated with fire was combined with net ecosystem exchange rates, both sites became moderate carbon sources for the year. Analyses of assimilation and respiration parameters (e.g., maximum photosynthesis, quantum efficiency, and daytime ecosystem respiration) showed a positive trend over time pre-fire and a negative trend over time post-fire for maximum ecosystem CO2 uptake rates, and the opposite relationship for daytime ecosystem respiration rates. Within 30 days following fire, ecosystem physiological activity was statistically similar to pre-fire and appeared to be driven by the pine canopy. Our results suggest that prescribed fire (low intensity, high frequency) maintains the existing structure and function (in this case, carbon flux rates) because longleaf pine ecosystems have evolved with fire. This study, 1 year in length, provides a foundational understanding of the complex interaction between fire and carbon dynamics for longleaf pine ecosystems. Moreover, it provides a case study for applying time series analysis methods to EC data where there are complex relationships between ecosystem physiological activity and environmental drivers. However, to elicit a broader understanding of the complex interaction occurring between fire and carbon dynamics long- term studies are needed. AU - Starr, G. AU - Staudhammer, C. L. AU - Loescher, H. W. AU - Mitchell, R. AU - Whelan, A. AU - Hiers, J. K. AU - O’Brien, J. J. DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s11056-014-9447-3 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-5095 SP - 63-90 ST - Time series analysis of forest carbon dynamics: Recovery of Pinus palustris physiology following a prescribed fire T2 - New Forests TI - Time series analysis of forest carbon dynamics: Recovery of Pinus palustris physiology following a prescribed fire VL - 46 ID - 26299 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Starrs, Paul AU - Goin, Peter C4 - 1e5f1603-ff90-4158-8ed0-22126ef90c59 PB - University of California Press PY - 2010 SN - 9780520265431 SP - 504 ST - Field Guide to California Agriculture T2 - California Natural History Guides TI - Field Guide to California Agriculture ID - 23863 ER - TY - WEB AU - START International CY - Washington, DC PB - START International PY - 2017 ST - START [web site] TI - START [web site] UR - http://start.org/ ID - 22120 ER - TY - LEGAL AU - State of California CY - Sacramento, CA PB - California Legislative Information PY - 2006 SN - Assembly Bill No. 32 TI - California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 UR - https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=200520060AB32 ID - 26386 ER - TY - RPRT AU - State of California CY - Sacramento, CA PB - California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services PY - 2014 SP - 61 ST - Contingency Plan for Excessive Heat Emergencies TI - Contingency Plan for Excessive Heat Emergencies UR - http://www.caloes.ca.gov/PlanningPreparednessSite/Documents/ExcessiveHeatContingencyPlan2014.pdf ID - 23918 ER - TY - WEB AU - State of California CY - Sacramento, CA PB - State of California, Office of Governor PY - 2014 ST - A Proclamation of a State of Emergency [April 25, 2014] TI - A Proclamation of a State of Emergency [April 25, 2014] UR - https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18496 ID - 23919 ER - TY - WEB AU - State of California CY - Sacramento, CA PB - State of California, Ocean Protection Council PY - 2014 ST - Planning for Sea-Level Rise Database [web site] TI - Planning for Sea-Level Rise Database [web site] UR - http://www.opc.ca.gov/climate-change/planning-for-sea-level-rise-database/ ID - 24197 ER - TY - WEB AU - State of California CY - Sacramento, CA PB - California Department of Water Resources PY - 2016 ST - Sustainable Groundwater Management TI - Sustainable Groundwater Management UR - http://www.water.ca.gov/groundwater/sgm/ ID - 23638 ER - TY - WEB AU - State of California CY - Sacramento, CA PB - California Department of Water Resources PY - 2016 ST - Groundwater Sustainability Plan Emergency Regulations TI - Groundwater Sustainability Plan Emergency Regulations UR - http://www.water.ca.gov/groundwater/sgm/gsp.cfm ID - 23639 ER - TY - GOVDOC AU - State of California CY - Sacramento, CA PB - State of California, Executive Department PY - 2017 SP - 4 TI - Executive Order B-40-17 (Terminating the January 17, 2014 Drought State of Emergency in all California Counties Except Fresno, Kings, Tulare, and Tuolumne) UR - https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/4.7.17_Exec_Order_B-40-17.pdf ID - 23917 ER - TY - WEB AB - Hawaii Governor D. Ige has set a goal of 100% increase in local agriculture production by 2020 AU - State of Hawaiʻi CY - Honolulu, HI DA - 2017 PY - 2017 ST - Sustainable Hawaiʻi Initiative TI - Sustainable Hawaiʻi Initiative UR - http://governor.hawaii.gov/sustainable-hawaii-initiative/ ID - 22370 ER - TY - RPRT AU - State of Maine. 126th Legislature. Second Regular Session CY - Augusta, ME PB - State of Maine Legislature PY - 2015 SP - [122] ST - Final Report of the Commission to Study the Effects of Coastal and Ocean Acidification and Its Existing and Potential Effects on Species That are Commercially Harvested and Grown Along the Maine Coast TI - Final Report of the Commission to Study the Effects of Coastal and Ocean Acidification and Its Existing and Potential Effects on Species That are Commercially Harvested and Grown Along the Maine Coast UR - http://www.maine.gov/legis/opla/Oceanacidificationreport.pdf ID - 21921 ER - TY - WEB AU - State of Massachusetts PY - 2012 ST - Massachusetts General Laws, Part I, Title III, Ch. 30, Section 61 TI - Massachusetts General Laws, Part I, Title III, Ch. 30, Section 61 UR - http://www.malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleIII/Chapter30/Section61 VL - 2012 ID - 15485 ER - TY - WEB AU - StateFarm CY - Bloomington, IL DA - October 2 PB - StateFarm PY - 2017 ST - Chances of Hitting a Deer in My State [web site] TI - Chances of Hitting a Deer in My State [web site] UR - https://newsroom.statefarm.com/deer-collision-damage-claim-costs-up/ ID - 26686 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Staudinger, Michelle D. AU - Carter, Shawn L. AU - Cross, Molly S. AU - Dubois, Natalie S. AU - Duffy, J. Emmett AU - Enquist, Carolyn AU - Griffis, Roger AU - Hellmann, Jessica J. AU - Lawler, Joshua J. AU - O'Leary, John AU - Morrison, Scott A. AU - Sneddon, Lesley AU - Stein, Bruce A. AU - Thompson, Laura M. AU - Turner, Woody C6 - NCA DA - 2013/11/01 DO - 10.1890/120272 IS - 9 PY - 2013 SN - 1540-9295 SP - 465-473 ST - Biodiversity in a changing climate: A synthesis of current and projected trends in the US T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Biodiversity in a changing climate: A synthesis of current and projected trends in the US VL - 11 Y2 - 2014/03/04 ID - 15489 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Staudinger, Michelle D. AU - Grimm, Nancy B. AU - Staudt, Amanda AU - Carter, Shawn L. AU - Chapin, F. Stuart, III AU - Kareiva, Peter AU - Ruckelshaus, Mary AU - Stein, Bruce A. C6 - NCA CY - Reston, VA DA - July 2012 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2012 SP - 296 ST - Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Ecosystem Services. Technical Input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment TI - Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Ecosystem Services. Technical Input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment UR - https://downloads.globalchange.gov/nca/technical_inputs/Biodiversity-Ecosystems-and-Ecosystem-Services-Technical-Input.pdf ID - 15490 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Staudinger, Michelle D. AU - Morelli, Toni Lyn AU - Bryan, Alexander M. CY - Amherst, MA PB - Northeast Climate Science Center PY - 2015 SP - 201 ST - Integrating Climate Change into Northeast and Midwest State Wildlife Action Plans T2 - DOI Northeast Climate Science Center Report TI - Integrating Climate Change into Northeast and Midwest State Wildlife Action Plans UR - http://necsc.umass.edu/biblio/integrating-climate-change-northeast-and-midwest-state-wildlife-action-plans ID - 21920 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Staudt, Amanda AU - Leidner, Allison K. AU - Howard, Jennifer AU - Brauman, Kate A. AU - Dukes, Jeffrey S. AU - Hansen, Lara J. AU - Paukert, Craig AU - Sabo, John AU - Solórzano, Luis A. C6 - NCA DA - 2013/11/01 DO - 10.1890/120275 IS - 9 PY - 2013 SN - 1540-9295 SP - 494-501 ST - The added complications of climate change: Understanding and managing biodiversity and ecosystems T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - The added complications of climate change: Understanding and managing biodiversity and ecosystems VL - 11 Y2 - 2014/03/04 ID - 15492 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Very large wildfires can cause significant economic and environmental damage, including destruction of homes, adverse air quality, firefighting costs and even loss of life. We examine how climate is associated with very large wildland fires (VLWFs ≥50 000 acres, or ~20 234 ha) in the western contiguous USA. We used composite records of climate and fire to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of VLWF–climatic relationships. Results showed quantifiable fire weather leading up and up to 3 weeks post VLWF discovery, thus providing predictors of the probability that VLWF occurrence in a given week. Models were created for eight National Interagency Fire Center Geographic Area Coordination Centers (GACCs). Accuracy was good (AUC > 0.80) for all models, but significant fire weather predictors of VLWFs vary by GACC, suggesting that broad-scale ecological mechanisms associated with wildfires also vary across regions. These mechanisms are very similar to those found by previous analyses of annual area burned, but this analysis provides a means for anticipating VLWFs specifically and thereby the timing of substantial area burned within a given year, thus providing a quantifiable justification for proactive fire management practices to mitigate the risk and associated damage of VLWFs. AU - Stavros, E. Natasha AU - Abatzoglou, John AU - Larkin, Narasimhan K. AU - McKenzie, Donald AU - Steel, E. Ashley DO - 10.1071/WF13169 IS - 7 KW - AUC, GACC, logistic regression, niche space, precision, rare events, recall, wildland fire. PY - 2014 SP - 899-914 ST - Climate and very large wildland fires in the contiguous western USA T2 - International Journal of Wildland Fire TI - Climate and very large wildland fires in the contiguous western USA VL - 23 ID - 21952 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Seasonal changes in the climatic potential for very large wildfires (VLWF ≥ 50,000 ac ~ 20,234 ha) across the western contiguous United States are projected over the 21st century using generalized linear models and downscaled climate projections for two representative concentration pathways (RCPs). Significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in VLWF probability for climate of the mid-21st century (2031–2060) relative to contemporary climate are found, for both RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The largest differences are in the Eastern Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Pacific Northwest, Rocky Mountains, and Southwest. Changes in seasonality and frequency of VLWFs d7epend on changes in the future climate space. For example, flammability-limited areas such as the Pacific Northwest show that (with high model agreement) the frequency of weeks with VLWFs in a given year is 2–2.7 more likely. However, frequency of weeks with at least one VLWF in fuel-limited systems like the Western Great Basin is 1.3 times more likely (with low model agreement). Thus, areas where fire is directly associated with hot and dry climate, as opposed to experiencing lagged effects from previous years, experience more change in the likelihood of VLWF in future projections. The results provide a quantitative foundation for management to mitigate the effects of VLWFs. AU - Stavros, E. Natasha AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - McKenzie, Donald AU - Larkin, Narasimhan K. DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1229-6 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 455-468 ST - Regional projections of the likelihood of very large wildland fires under a changing climate in the contiguous Western United States T2 - Climatic Change TI - Regional projections of the likelihood of very large wildland fires under a changing climate in the contiguous Western United States VL - 126 ID - 20972 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stedinger, Jery R. AU - Griffis, Veronica W. DO - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00545.x IS - 3 KW - flood frequency analysis climate variability/change surface water hydrology uncertainty analysis statistics PY - 2011 SN - 1752-1688 SP - 506-513 ST - Getting from here to where? Flood frequency analysis and climate T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - Getting from here to where? Flood frequency analysis and climate VL - 47 ID - 21532 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The habitats and food resources required to support breeding and migrant birds dependent on North American prairie wetlands are threatened by impending climate change. The North American Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) hosts nearly 120 species of wetland-dependent birds representing 21 families. Strategic management requires knowledge of avian habitat requirements and assessment of species most vulnerable to future threats. We applied bioclimatic species distribution models (SDMs) to project range changes of 29 wetland-dependent bird species using ensemble modeling techniques, a large number of General Circulation Models (GCMs), and hydrological climate covariates. For the U.S. PPR, mean projected range change, expressed as a proportion of currently occupied range, was −0.31 (± 0.22 SD; range − 0.75 to 0.16), and all but two species were projected to lose habitat. Species associated with deeper water were expected to experience smaller negative impacts of climate change. The magnitude of climate change impacts was somewhat lower in this study than earlier efforts most likely due to use of different focal species, varying methodologies, different modeling decisions, or alternative GCMs. Quantification of the projected species-specific impacts of climate change using species distribution modeling offers valuable information for vulnerability assessments within the conservation planning process. AU - Steen, Valerie A. AU - Skagen, Susan K. AU - Melcher, Cynthia P. DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s13157-016-0791-2 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1943-6246 SP - 445-459 ST - Implications of climate change for wetland-dependent birds in the Prairie Pothole Region T2 - Wetlands TI - Implications of climate change for wetland-dependent birds in the Prairie Pothole Region VL - 36 ID - 21622 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) addresses the challenge of meeting the growing demand for food, fibre and fuel, despite the changing climate and fewer opportunities for agricultural expansion on additional lands. CSA focuses on contributing to economic development, poverty reduction and food security; maintaining and enhancing the productivity and resilience of natural and agricultural ecosystem functions, thus building natural capital; and reducing trade-offs involved in meeting these goals. Current gaps in knowledge, work within CSA, and agendas for interdisciplinary research and science-based actions identified at the 2013 Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture (Davis, CA, USA) are described here within three themes: (1) farm and food systems, (2) landscape and regional issues and (3) institutional and policy aspects. The first two themes comprise crop physiology and genetics, mitigation and adaptation for livestock and agriculture, barriers to adoption of CSA practices, climate risk management and energy and biofuels (theme 1); and modelling adaptation and uncertainty, achieving multifunctionality, food and fishery systems, forest biodiversity and ecosystem services, rural migration from climate change and metrics (theme 2). Theme 3 comprises designing research that bridges disciplines, integrating stakeholder input to directly link science, action and governance. AU - Steenwerth, Kerri L. AU - Hodson, Amanda K. AU - Bloom, Arnold J. AU - Carter, Michael R. AU - Cattaneo, Andrea AU - Chartres, Colin J. AU - Hatfield, Jerry L. AU - Henry, Kevin AU - Hopmans, Jan W. AU - Horwath, William R. AU - Jenkins, Bryan M. AU - Kebreab, Ermias AU - Leemans, Rik AU - Lipper, Leslie AU - Lubell, Mark N. AU - Msangi, Siwa AU - Prabhu, Ravi AU - Reynolds, Matthew P. AU - Sandoval Solis, Samuel AU - Sischo, William M. AU - Springborn, Michael AU - Tittonell, Pablo AU - Wheeler, Stephen M. AU - Vermeulen, Sonja J. AU - Wollenberg, Eva K. AU - Jarvis, Lovell S. AU - Jackson, Louise E. DA - August 26 DO - 10.1186/2048-7010-3-11 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 2048-7010 SP - 11 ST - Climate-smart agriculture global research agenda: Scientific basis for action T2 - Agriculture & Food Security TI - Climate-smart agriculture global research agenda: Scientific basis for action VL - 3 ID - 23580 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Stein, Bruce AU - Glick, Patty AU - Edelson, Naomi AU - Staudt, Amanda CY - Washington, DC PB - National Wildlife Foundation PY - 2014 SP - 262 ST - Climate-Smart Conservation: Putting Adaptation Principles into Practice TI - Climate-Smart Conservation: Putting Adaptation Principles into Practice UR - https://www.nwf.org/climatesmartguide ID - 24169 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Stein, Bruce A. AU - Kutner, Lynn S. AU - Adams, Jonathan S. CY - Oxford; New York PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2000 SN - 9780195125191 SP - 432 ST - Precious Heritage: The Status of Biodiversity in the United States TI - Precious Heritage: The Status of Biodiversity in the United States ID - 24379 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Moser, S. A2 - Boycoff, M. AU - Stein, Bruce A. AU - Shaw, M. Rebecca C4 - f17946e9-4968-4c4f-99b6-1e19c45a593a CY - London PB - Routledge PY - 2013 SN - 978-0-415-52499-5 SP - 67-80 ST - Biodiversity conservation for a climate-altered future T2 - Successful Adaptation to Climate Change: Linking Science and Policy in a Rapidly Changing World TI - Biodiversity conservation for a climate-altered future ID - 25888 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stein, Bruce A. AU - Staudt, Amanda AU - Cross, Molly S. AU - Dubois, Natalie S. AU - Enquist, Carolyn AU - Griffis, Roger AU - Hansen, Lara J. AU - Hellmann, Jessica J. AU - Lawler, Joshua J. AU - Nelson, Erik J. AU - Pairis, Amber C6 - NCA DA - 2013/11/01 DO - 10.1890/120277 IS - 9 PY - 2013 SN - 1540-9295 SP - 502-510 ST - Preparing for and managing change: Climate adaptation for biodiversity and ecosystems T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Preparing for and managing change: Climate adaptation for biodiversity and ecosystems VL - 11 Y2 - 2014/03/04 ID - 15494 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It is estimated that by 2050 as many as 75 million people in the Asia-Pacific region will be forced to migrate from their homelands due to the negative impacts of climate change. While many representations of Pacific Island communities affected by climate change emphasize helplessness, Pacific Islanders have been negotiating identities of empowerment and resilience in both political and cultural arenas. This essay provides an analysis of the messages that Islander performers have chosen to convey through three performance contexts: the 2011 Water Is Rising concert tour, which featured groups from Kiribati, Tokelau, and Tuvalu; 350 Pacific’s Pacific Warrior Campaign, including both the 2013 Warrior Day of Action and the 2014 Canoe Building Day of Action; and the multimedia dramatic performance Moana: The Rising of the Sea, written and produced by Vilsoni Hereniko. Through these three campaigns, we can see that Islanders are actively shaping their identity in the face of climate change, choosing to be seen not as victims in a far and rising sea but rather as a sea of warriors with the power to rise up, work together, and make their voices heard in order to save the lands and cultures that they cherish.It is estimated that by 2050 as many as 75 million people in the Asia-Pacific region will be forced to migrate from their homelands due to the negative impacts of climate change. While many representations of Pacific Island communities affected by climate change emphasize helplessness, Pacific Islanders have been negotiating identities of empowerment and resilience in both political and cultural arenas. This essay provides an analysis of the messages that Islander performers have chosen to convey through three performance contexts: the 2011 Water Is Rising concert tour, which featured groups from Kiribati, Tokelau, and Tuvalu; 350 Pacific’s Pacific Warrior Campaign, including both the 2013 Warrior Day of Action and the 2014 Canoe Building Day of Action; and the multimedia dramatic performance Moana: The Rising of the Sea, written and produced by Vilsoni Hereniko. Through these three campaigns, we can see that Islanders are actively shaping their identity in the face of climate change, choosing to be seen not as victims in a far and rising sea but rather as a sea of warriors with the power to rise up, work together, and make their voices heard in order to save the lands and cultures that they cherish. AU - Steiner, Candice Elanna DA - 2015 DP - scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu IS - 1 PY - 2015 SN - 1043-898X SP - 147-180 ST - A sea of warriors: Performing an identity of resilience and empowerment in the face of climate change in the Pacific T2 - The Contemporary Pacific TI - A sea of warriors: Performing an identity of resilience and empowerment in the face of climate change in the Pacific UR - http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/38768/1/v27n1-147-180.pdf VL - 27 Y2 - 2017/09/23/02:51:08 ID - 22517 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Projections of greater interannual and intrannual climate variability, including increasing temperatures, longer and more intense drought periods, and more extreme precipitation events, present growing challenges for agricultural production in the Southern Plains of the USA. We assess agricultural vulnerabilities within this region to support identification and development of adaptation strategies at regional to local scales, where many management decisions are made. Exposure to the synergistic effects of warming, such as fewer and more intense precipitation events and greater overall weather variability, will uniquely affect rain-fed and irrigated cropping, high-value specialty crops, extensive and intensive livestock production, and forestry. Although the sensitivities of various agricultural sectors to climatic stressors can be difficult to identify at regional scales, we summarize that crops irrigated from the Ogallala aquifer possess a high sensitivity; rangeland beef cattle production a low sensitivity; and rain-fed crops, forestry, and specialty crops intermediate sensitivities. Numerous adaptation strategies have been identified, including drought contingency planning, increased soil health, improved forecasts and associated decision support tools, and implementation of policies and financial instruments for risk management. However, the extent to which these strategies are adopted is variable and influenced by both biophysical and socioeconomic considerations. Inadequate local- and regional-scale climate risk and resilience information suggests that climate vulnerability research and climate adaptation approaches need to include bottom-up approaches such as learning networks and peer-to-peer communication. AU - Steiner, Jean L. AU - Briske, David D. AU - Brown, David P. AU - Rottler, Caitlin M. DA - April 13 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1965-5 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 1-18 ST - Vulnerability of Southern Plains agriculture to climate change T2 - Climatic Change TI - Vulnerability of Southern Plains agriculture to climate change VL - Open access ID - 23215 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Steiner, Jean L. AU - Schneider, Jeanne M. AU - Pope, Clay AU - Pope, Sarah AU - Ford, Paulette AU - Steele, Rachel F. CY - El Reno, OK PB - United States Department of Agriculture PY - 2015 SP - 61 ST - Southern Plains Assessment of Vulnerability and Preliminary Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Farmers, Ranchers, and Forest Land Owners TI - Southern Plains Assessment of Vulnerability and Preliminary Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Farmers, Ranchers, and Forest Land Owners UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_journals/2015/rmrs_2015_steiner_j001.pdf ID - 23278 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Anderson, T. AU - Steiner, Jean L. AU - Schneider, Jeanne M. AU - Pope, Clay AU - Pope, Sarah AU - Ford, Paulette AU - Steele, Rachel F. PB - Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos PY - 2015 SP - 74 ST - Evaluación de Vulnerabilidad de las Llanuras Meridionales y Estrategias Preliminares de Adaptación y Mitigación para Agricultores, Ganaderos y Propietarios de Tierras Forestales TI - Evaluación de Vulnerabilidad de las Llanuras Meridionales y Estrategias Preliminares de Adaptación y Mitigación para Agricultores, Ganaderos y Propietarios de Tierras Forestales UR - https://www.climatehubs.oce.usda.gov/archive/sites/default/files/southern_plains_vulnerability_assessment_final_es.pdf ID - 25810 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Steinschneider, Scott AU - Ho, Michelle AU - Cook, Edward R. AU - Lall, Upmanu DO - 10.1002/2016WR018712 IS - 5 KW - extreme precipitation reconstruction tree rings paleoclimate ENSO 3344 Paleoclimatology 1817 Extreme events 4313 Extreme events 0473 Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography PY - 2016 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 3866-3880 ST - Can PDSI inform extreme precipitation?: An exploration with a 500 year long paleoclimate reconstruction over the U.S T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Can PDSI inform extreme precipitation?: An exploration with a 500 year long paleoclimate reconstruction over the U.S VL - 52 ID - 21533 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Unsustainable fishing simplifies food chains and, as with aquaculture, can result in reliance on a few economically valuable species. This lack of diversity may increase risks of ecological and economic disruptions. Centuries of intense fishing have extirpated most apex predators in the Gulf of Maine (United States and Canada), effectively creating an American lobster (Homarus americanus) monoculture. Over the past 20 years, the economic diversity of marine resources harvested in Maine has declined by almost 70%. Today, over 80% of the value of Maine's fish and seafood landings is from highly abundant lobsters. Inflation-corrected income from lobsters in Maine has steadily increased by nearly 400% since 1985. Fisheries managers, policy makers, and fishers view this as a success. However, such lucrative monocultures increase the social and ecological consequences of future declines in lobsters. In southern New England, disease and stresses related to increases in ocean temperature resulted in more than a 70% decline in lobster abundance, prompting managers to propose closing that fishery. A similar collapse in Maine could fundamentally disrupt the social and economic foundation of its coast. We suggest the current success of Maine's lobster fishery is a gilded trap. Gilded traps are a type of social trap in which collective actions resulting from economically attractive opportunities outweigh concerns over associated social and ecological risks or consequences. Large financial gain creates a strong reinforcing feedback that deepens the trap. Avoiding or escaping gilded traps requires managing for increased biological and economic diversity. This is difficult to do prior to a crisis while financial incentives for maintaining the status quo are large. The long-term challenge is to shift fisheries management away from single species toward integrated social-ecological approaches that diversify local ecosystems, societies, and economies. AU - Steneck, R. S. AU - Hughes, T. P. AU - Cinner, J. E. AU - Adger, W. N. AU - Arnold, S. N. AU - Berkes, F. AU - Boudreau, S. A. AU - Brown, K. AU - Folke, C. AU - Gunderson, L. AU - Olsson, P. AU - Scheffer, M. AU - Stephenson, E. AU - Walker, B. AU - Wilson, J. AU - Worm, B. DO - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01717.x IS - 5 PY - 2011 SP - 904-912 ST - Creation of a gilded trap by the high economic value of the Maine lobster fishery T2 - Conservation Biology TI - Creation of a gilded trap by the high economic value of the Maine lobster fishery VL - 25 ID - 26237 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changes in climate can cause populations of species to decline, to increase, or to remain steady. Stephens et al. looked across species of common birds in Europe and the United States. Despite many differences between the two regions, expectations about how a species might respond to climate change did predict actual responses. Species predicted to benefit from increasing temperatures, or their associated effects, tended to increase, whereas those predicted to be negatively affected declined. Thus, even across widely varying ecological conditions and communities, climate change can be expected to alter population sizes.Science, this issue p. 84Global climate change is a major threat to biodiversity. Large-scale analyses have generally focused on the impacts of climate change on the geographic ranges of species and on phenology, the timing of ecological phenomena. We used long-term monitoring of the abundance of breeding birds across Europe and the United States to produce, for both regions, composite population indices for two groups of species: those for which climate suitability has been either improving or declining since 1980. The ratio of these composite indices, the climate impact indicator (CII), reflects the divergent fates of species favored or disadvantaged by climate change. The trend in CII is positive and similar in the two regions. On both continents, interspecific and spatial variation in population abundance trends are well predicted by climate suitability trends.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/352/6281/84.full.pdf AU - Stephens, Philip A. AU - Mason, Lucy R. AU - Green, Rhys E. AU - Gregory, Richard D. AU - Sauer, John R. AU - Alison, Jamie AU - Aunins, Ainars AU - Brotons, Lluís AU - Butchart, Stuart H. M. AU - Campedelli, Tommaso AU - Chodkiewicz, Tomasz AU - Chylarecki, Przemysław AU - Crowe, Olivia AU - Elts, Jaanus AU - Escandell, Virginia AU - Foppen, Ruud P. B. AU - Heldbjerg, Henning AU - Herrando, Sergi AU - Husby, Magne AU - Jiguet, Frédéric AU - Lehikoinen, Aleksi AU - Lindström, Åke AU - Noble, David G. AU - Paquet, Jean-Yves AU - Reif, Jiri AU - Sattler, Thomas AU - Szép, Tibor AU - Teufelbauer, Norbert AU - Trautmann, Sven AU - van Strien, Arco J. AU - van Turnhout, Chris A. M. AU - Vorisek, Petr AU - Willis, Stephen G. DO - 10.1126/science.aac4858 IS - 6281 PY - 2016 SP - 84-87 ST - Consistent response of bird populations to climate change on two continents T2 - Science TI - Consistent response of bird populations to climate change on two continents VL - 352 ID - 21951 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stephens, S. L. AU - Agee, J. K. AU - Fulé, P. Z. AU - North, M. P. AU - Romme, W. H. AU - Swetnam, T. W. AU - Turner, M. G. DO - 10.1126/science.1240294 IS - 6154 PY - 2013 SP - 41-42 ST - Managing forests and fire in changing climates T2 - Science TI - Managing forests and fire in changing climates VL - 342 ID - 20988 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mega-fires are often defined according to their size and intensity but are more accurately described by their socioeconomic impacts. Three factors – climate change, fire exclusion, and antecedent disturbance, collectively referred to as the “mega-fire triangle” – likely contribute to today's mega-fires. Some characteristics of mega-fires may emulate historical fire regimes and can therefore sustain healthy fire-prone ecosystems, but other attributes decrease ecosystem resiliency. A good example of a program that seeks to mitigate mega-fires is located in Western Australia, where prescribed burning reduces wildfire intensity while conserving ecosystems. Crown-fire-adapted ecosystems are likely at higher risk of frequent mega-fires as a result of climate change, as compared with other ecosystems once subject to frequent less severe fires. Fire and forest managers should recognize that mega-fires will be a part of future wildland fire regimes and should develop strategies to reduce their undesired impacts. AU - Stephens, Scott L AU - Burrows, Neil AU - Buyantuyev, Alexander AU - Gray, Robert W AU - Keane, Robert E AU - Kubian, Rick AU - Liu, Shirong AU - Seijo, Francisco AU - Shu, Lifu AU - Tolhurst, Kevin G AU - van Wagtendonk, Jan W DO - 10.1890/120332 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SP - 115-122 ST - Temperate and boreal forest mega-fires: Characteristics and challenges T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Temperate and boreal forest mega-fires: Characteristics and challenges VL - 12 ID - 25986 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Massive tree mortality has occurred rapidly in frequent-fire-adapted forests of the Sierra Nevada, California. This mortality is a product of acute drought compounded by the long-established removal of a key ecosystem process: frequent, low- to moderate-intensity fire. The recent tree mortality has many implications for the future of these forests and the ecological goods and services they provide to society. Future wildfire hazard following this mortality can be generally characterized by decreased crown fire potential and increased surface fire intensity in the short to intermediate term. The scale of present tree mortality is so large that greater potential for “mass fire” exists in the coming decades, driven by the amount and continuity of dry, combustible, large woody material that could produce large, severe fires. For long-term adaptation to climate change, we highlight the importance of moving beyond triage of dead and dying trees to making “green” (live) forests more resilient. AU - Stephens, Scott L. AU - Collins, Brandon M. AU - Fettig, Christopher J. AU - Finney, Mark A. AU - Hoffman, Chad M. AU - Knapp, Eric E. AU - North, Malcolm P. AU - Safford, Hugh AU - Wayman, Rebecca B. DO - 10.1093/biosci/bix146 IS - 2 N1 - 10.1093/biosci/bix146 PY - 2018 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 77-88 ST - Drought, tree mortality, and wildfire in forests adapted to frequent fire T2 - BioScience TI - Drought, tree mortality, and wildfire in forests adapted to frequent fire VL - 68 ID - 25178 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stephens, Scott L AU - McIver, James D AU - Boerner, Ralph EJ AU - Fettig, Christopher J AU - Fontaine, Joseph B AU - Hartsough, Bruce R AU - Kennedy, Patricia L AU - Schwilk, Dylan W DO - 10.1525/bio.2012.62.6.6 IS - 6 PY - 2012 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 549-560 ST - The effects of forest fuel-reduction treatments in the United States T2 - BioScience TI - The effects of forest fuel-reduction treatments in the United States VL - 62 ID - 22650 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stephens, Scott L. AU - Miller, Jay D. AU - Collins, Brandon M. AU - North, Malcolm P. AU - Keane, John J. AU - Roberts, Susan L. C7 - e01478 DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1478 IS - 11 KW - coarse filter conservation fine–filter Jeffrey pine mixed conifer forests ponderosa pine prescribed fire restoration wildfire PY - 2016 SN - 2150-8925 SP - e01478 ST - Wildfire impacts on California spotted owl nesting habitat in the Sierra Nevada T2 - Ecosphere TI - Wildfire impacts on California spotted owl nesting habitat in the Sierra Nevada VL - 7 ID - 23697 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stephens, Scott L. AU - Moghaddas, Jason J. AU - Edminster, Carl AU - Fiedler, Carl E. AU - Haase, Sally AU - Harrington, Michael AU - Keeley, Jon E. AU - Knapp, Eric E. AU - McIver, James D. AU - Metlen, Kerry AU - Skinner, Carl N. AU - Youngblood, Andrew DO - 10.1890/07-1755.1 IS - 2 KW - fire hazard fire policy fire suppression fire resistance fuel management fuel treatment mixed conifer ponderosa pine wildfire PY - 2009 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 305-320 ST - Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity in western U.S. forests T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity in western U.S. forests VL - 19 ID - 24380 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stephens, Scott L. AU - Ruth, Lawrence W. DO - 10.1890/04-0545 IS - 2 KW - fire hazard fire suppression forest policy fuels management U.S. government policy wildfire PY - 2005 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 532-542 ST - Federal forest-fire policy in the United States T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Federal forest-fire policy in the United States VL - 15 ID - 23862 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sterk, Ankie AU - Schijven, Jack AU - de Roda Husman, Ana Maria AU - de Nijs, Ton DA - 2016/05/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.005 KW - Climate change Pathogen transport Runoff Quantitative microbial risk analysis Lowland catchments PY - 2016 SN - 0043-1354 SP - 90-102 ST - Effect of climate change on runoff of Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium from land to surface water T2 - Water Research TI - Effect of climate change on runoff of Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium from land to surface water VL - 95 ID - 21706 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sterling, Eleanor AU - Ticktin, Tamara AU - Morgan, Tē Kipa Kepa AU - Cullman, Georgina AU - Alvira, Diana AU - Andrade, Pelika AU - Bergamini, Nadia AU - Betley, Erin AU - Burrows, Kate AU - Caillon, Sophie AU - Claudet, Joachim AU - Dacks, Rachel AU - Eyzaguirre, Pablo AU - Filardi, Chris AU - Gazit, Nadav AU - Giardina, Christian AU - Jupiter, Stacy AU - Kinney, Kealohanuiopuna AU - McCarter, Joe AU - Mejia, Manuel AU - Morishige, Kanoe AU - Newell, Jennifer AU - Noori, Lihla AU - Parks, John AU - Pascua, Pua‘ala AU - Ravikumar, Ashwin AU - Tanguay, Jamie AU - Sigouin, Amanda AU - Stege, Tina AU - Stege, Mark AU - Wali, Alaka DO - 10.3167/ares.2017.080104 IS - 1 LA - English PY - 2017 SN - 21506779 SP - 63-95 ST - Culturally grounded indicators of resilience in social-ecological systems T2 - Environment and Society TI - Culturally grounded indicators of resilience in social-ecological systems VL - 8 ID - 26000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stern, Harry L. AU - Laidre, Kristin L. DO - 10.5194/tc-10-2027-2016 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SN - 1994-0424 SP - 2027-2041 ST - Sea-ice indicators of polar bear habitat T2 - The Cryosphere TI - Sea-ice indicators of polar bear habitat VL - 10 ID - 24906 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Stern, N. C4 - 11481bc3-26e1-4e99-89f9-9b441801fcb6 CY - Cambridge, New York PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2007 SN - 9780521700801 SP - 712 ST - The Economics of Climate Change. The Stern Review TI - The Economics of Climate Change. The Stern Review ID - 15500 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stern, Nicholas DO - 10.1257/jel.51.3.838 IS - 3 PY - 2013 SP - 838-59 ST - The structure of economic modeling of the potential impacts of climate change: Grafting gross underestimation of risk onto already narrow science models T2 - Journal of Economic Literature TI - The structure of economic modeling of the potential impacts of climate change: Grafting gross underestimation of risk onto already narrow science models VL - 51 ID - 24464 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stern, Nicholas DO - 10.1038/530407a PY - 2016 SP - 407-409 ST - Economics: Current climate models are grossly misleading T2 - Nature TI - Economics: Current climate models are grossly misleading VL - 530 ID - 24465 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sternberg, Troy DA - 2012/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.02.004 KW - Drought China Egypt Bread Standard precipitation index Arab spring Wheat PY - 2012 SN - 0143-6228 SP - 519-524 ST - Chinese drought, bread and the Arab Spring T2 - Applied Geography TI - Chinese drought, bread and the Arab Spring VL - 34 ID - 22047 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Stevens, Laura E. AU - Frankson, Rebekah AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Chu, Pao-Shin AU - Sweet, William CY - [Asheville, NC] DA - 2017 KW - Hawaii assessment NV - NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149-HI PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2017 SP - 5 ST - State Climate Summary: Hawai‘i TI - State Climate Summary: Hawai‘i UR - https://statesummaries.ncics.org/hi ID - 22518 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stevens, P. W. AU - Blewett, D. A. AU - Boucek, R. E. AU - Rehage, J. S. AU - Winner, B. L. AU - Young, J. M. AU - Whittington, J. A. AU - Paperno, R. C7 - e01400 DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1400 IS - 8 KW - Centropomus undecimalis coastal areas common snook disturbance fishes Special Feature: Extreme Cold Spells PY - 2016 SN - 2150-8925 SP - e01400 ST - Resilience of a tropical sport fish population to a severe cold event varies across five estuaries in southern Florida T2 - Ecosphere TI - Resilience of a tropical sport fish population to a severe cold event varies across five estuaries in southern Florida VL - 7 ID - 24381 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Stevenson, John CY - Corvallis, OR M1 - May 24 PY - 2016 ST - Documenting the drought: Mititgating the effects in Oregon T2 - The Climate CIRCulator TI - Documenting the drought: Mititgating the effects in Oregon UR - https://climatecirculatororg.wordpress.com/2016/05/24/documenting-the-drought/ ID - 26524 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forest resilience to climate change is a global concern given the potential effects of increased disturbance activity, warming temperatures and increased moisture stress on plants. We used a multi‐regional dataset of 1485 sites across 52 wildfires from the US Rocky Mountains to ask if and how changing climate over the last several decades impacted post‐fire tree regeneration, a key indicator of forest resilience. Results highlight significant decreases in tree regeneration in the 21st century. Annual moisture deficits were significantly greater from 2000 to 2015 as compared to 1985–1999, suggesting increasingly unfavourable post‐fire growing conditions, corresponding to significantly lower seedling densities and increased regeneration failure. Dry forests that already occur at the edge of their climatic tolerance are most prone to conversion to non‐forests after wildfires. Major climate‐induced reduction in forest density and extent has important consequences for a myriad of ecosystem services now and in the future. AU - Stevens‐Rumann, Camille S. AU - Kemp, Kerry B. AU - Higuera, Philip E. AU - Harvey, Brian J. AU - Rother, Monica T. AU - Donato, Daniel C. AU - Morgan, Penelope AU - Veblen, Thomas T. AU - Lloret, Francisco DO - 10.1111/ele.12889 IS - 2 PY - 2018 SP - 243-252 ST - Evidence for declining forest resilience to wildfires under climate change T2 - Ecology Letters TI - Evidence for declining forest resilience to wildfires under climate change VL - 21 ID - 25179 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Steward, Darlene AU - Doris, E. AU - Krasko, V. AU - Hillman, D. CY - Golden, CO NV - NREL/TP-7A40-61029 PB - National Renewable Energy Laboratory PY - 2014 SP - 47 ST - The Effectiveness of State-Level Policies on Solar Market Development in Different State Contexts TI - The Effectiveness of State-Level Policies on Solar Market Development in Different State Contexts UR - https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/61029.pdf ID - 23916 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Spring snowmelt is the most important contribution of many rivers in western North America. If climate changes, this contribution may change. A shift in the timing of springtime snowmelt towards earlier in the year already is observed during 1948–2000 in many western rivers. Streamflow timingchanges for the 1995–2099 period are projected using regression relationsbetween observed streamflow-timing responses in each river, measured by the temporal centroid of streamflow (CT) each year, and local temperature (TI) and precipitation (PI) indices. Under 21st century warming trends predicted by the Parallel Climate Model (PCM) under business-as-usual greenhouse-gas emissions, streamflow timing trends across much of western North America suggest even earlier springtime snowmelt than observed to date. Projected CT changes are consistent with observed rates and directions of change during the past five decades, and are strongest in the Pacific Northwest, Sierra Nevada, and Rocky Mountains, where many rivers eventually run 30–40 daysearlier. The modest PI changes projected by PCM yield minimal CT changes. The responses of CT to the simultaneous effects of projected TI and PI trends are dominated by the TI changes. Regression-based CT projections agree with those from physically-based simulations of rivers in the Pacific Northwest and Sierra Nevada. AU - Stewart, Iris T. AU - Cayan, Daniel R. AU - Dettinger, Michael D. DA - January 01 DO - 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013702.22656.e8 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2004 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 217-232 ST - Changes in snowmelt runoff timing in western North America under a "business as usual" climate change scenario T2 - Climatic Change TI - Changes in snowmelt runoff timing in western North America under a "business as usual" climate change scenario VL - 62 ID - 21535 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The highly variable timing of streamflow in snowmelt-dominated basins across western North America is an important consequence, and indicator, of climate fluctuations. Changes in the timing of snowmelt-derived streamflow from 1948 to 2002 were investigated in a network of 302 western North America gauges by examining the center of mass for flow, spring pulse onset dates, and seasonal fractional flows through trend and principal component analyses. Statistical analysis of the streamflow timing measures with Pacific climate indicators identified local and key large-scale processes that govern the regionally coherent parts of the changes and their relative importance.|Widespread and regionally coherent trends toward earlier onsets of springtime snowmelt and streamflow have taken place across most of western North America, affecting an area that is much larger than previously recognized. These timing changes have resulted in increasing fractions of annual flow occurring earlier in the water year by 1-4 weeks. The immediate (or proximal) forcings for the spatially coherent parts of the year-to-year fluctuations and longer-term trends of streamflow timing have been higher winter and spring temperatures. Although these temperature changes are partly controlled by the decadal-scale Pacific climate mode [Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)], a separate ani significant part of the variance is associated with a springtime warming trend that spans the PDO phases. AD - Stewart, IT (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA AU - Stewart, I.T. AU - Cayan, D.R. AU - Dettinger, M.D. C6 - NCA DA - APR 15 2005 DO - 10.1175/JCLI3321.1 IS - 8 KW - UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MASS-BALANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; SIERRA-NEVADA; RIVER-BASIN; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION LA - English PY - 2005 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 1136-1155 ST - Changes toward earlier streamflow timing across western North America T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Changes toward earlier streamflow timing across western North America VL - 18 ID - 15505 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stewart, Iris T. AU - Ficklin, Darren L. AU - Carrillo, Carlos A. AU - McIntosh, Russell DA - 2015/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.07.043 IS - Part 1 KW - Climate change Hydrology Mountain streams Extremes Stream temperature Southwestern US PY - 2015 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 340-353 ST - 21st century increases in the likelihood of extreme hydrologic conditions for the mountainous basins of the Southwestern United States T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - 21st century increases in the likelihood of extreme hydrologic conditions for the mountainous basins of the Southwestern United States VL - 529 ID - 23864 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stewart, Joseph A. E. AU - Perrine, John D. AU - Nichols, Lyle B. AU - Thorne, James H. AU - Millar, Constance I. AU - Goehring, Kenneth E. AU - Massing, Cody P. AU - Wright, David H. DO - 10.1111/jbi.12466 IS - 5 KW - Climate change global warming historical resurvey metapopulation Ochotona princeps pika range shift species distribution modelling talus PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2699 SP - 880-890 ST - Revisiting the past to foretell the future: Summer temperature and habitat area predict pika extirpations in California T2 - Journal of Biogeography TI - Revisiting the past to foretell the future: Summer temperature and habitat area predict pika extirpations in California VL - 42 ID - 23865 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stewart, Julia S. AU - Field, John C. AU - Markaida, Unai AU - Gilly, William F. DA - 2013/10/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.06.005 IS - Supplement C KW - Deep scattering layer Diel vertical migration Diet Diving Humboldt squid Hypoxia Oxygen minimum zone Range expansion Satellite tagging PY - 2013 SN - 0967-0645 SP - 197-208 ST - Behavioral ecology of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) in relation to oxygen minimum zones T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography TI - Behavioral ecology of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) in relation to oxygen minimum zones VL - 95 ID - 23866 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Stewart, Stacy R. CY - Miami, FL NV - National Hurricane Center Tropical Cyclone Report AL142016 PB - National Hurricane Center PY - 2017 SP - 96 ST - Hurricane Matthew TI - Hurricane Matthew UR - https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL142016_Matthew.pdf ID - 24573 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sticklor, Russell IS - 2 PY - 2016 ST - Changing climate, changing minds: How one Philippine city is preparing for a water-scarce future T2 - Global Waters TI - Changing climate, changing minds: How one Philippine city is preparing for a water-scarce future UR - https://medium.com/usaid-global-waters/changing-climate-changing-minds-how-one-philippine-city-is-preparing-for-a-water-scarce-future-29327b5c5bfa VL - 7 ID - 22131 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Insect outbreaks are expected to increase in frequency and intensity with projected changes in global climate through direct effects of climate change on insect populations and through disruption of community interactions. Although there is much concern about mean changes in global climate, the impact of climatic variability itself on species interactions has been little explored. Here, we compare caterpillar–parasitoid interactions across a broad gradient of climatic variability and find that the combined data in 15 geographically dispersed databases show a decrease in levels of parasitism as climatic variability increases. The dominant contribution to this pattern by relatively specialized parasitoid wasps suggests that climatic variability impairs the ability of parasitoids to track host populations. Given the important role of parasitoids in regulating insect herbivore populations in natural and managed systems, we predict an increase in the frequency and intensity of herbivore outbreaks through a disruption of enemy–herbivore dynamics as climates become more variable. AU - Stireman, J. O. AU - Dyer, L. A. AU - Janzen, D. H. AU - Singer, M. S. AU - Lill, J. T. AU - Marquis, R. J. AU - Ricklefs, R. E. AU - Gentry, G. L. AU - Hallwachs, W. AU - Coley, P. D. AU - Barone, J. A. AU - Greeney, H. F. AU - Connahs, H. AU - Barbosa, P. AU - Morais, H. C. AU - Diniz, I. R. DA - November 29, 2005 DO - 10.1073/pnas.0508839102 IS - 48 PY - 2005 SP - 17384-17387 ST - Climatic unpredictability and parasitism of caterpillars: Implications of global warming T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climatic unpredictability and parasitism of caterpillars: Implications of global warming VL - 102 ID - 23455 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stock, C. A. AU - Dunne, J. P. AU - John, J. G. DO - 10.5194/bg-11-7125-2014 IS - 24 N1 - BG PY - 2014 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 7125-7135 ST - Drivers of trophic amplification of ocean productivity trends in a changing climate T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Drivers of trophic amplification of ocean productivity trends in a changing climate VL - 11 ID - 23456 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Photosynthesis fuels marine food webs, yet differences in fish catch across globally distributed marine ecosystems far exceed differences in net primary production (NPP). We consider the hypothesis that ecosystem-level variations in pelagic and benthic energy flows from phytoplankton to fish, trophic transfer efficiencies, and fishing effort can quantitatively reconcile this contrast in an energetically consistent manner. To test this hypothesis, we enlist global fish catch data that include previously neglected contributions from small-scale fisheries, a synthesis of global fishing effort, and plankton food web energy flux estimates from a prototype high-resolution global earth system model (ESM). After removing a small number of lightly fished ecosystems, stark interregional differences in fish catch per unit area can be explained (r = 0.79) with an energy-based model that (i) considers dynamic interregional differences in benthic and pelagic energy pathways connecting phytoplankton and fish, (ii) depresses trophic transfer efficiencies in the tropics and, less critically, (iii) associates elevated trophic transfer efficiencies with benthic-predominant systems. Model catch estimates are generally within a factor of 2 of values spanning two orders of magnitude. Climate change projections show that the same macroecological patterns explaining dramatic regional catch differences in the contemporary ocean amplify catch trends, producing changes that may exceed 50% in some regions by the end of the 21st century under high-emissions scenarios. Models failing to resolve these trophodynamic patterns may significantly underestimate regional fisheries catch trends and hinder adaptation to climate change. AU - Stock, Charles A. AU - John, Jasmin G. AU - Rykaczewski, Ryan R. AU - Asch, Rebecca G. AU - Cheung, William W. L. AU - Dunne, John P. AU - Friedland, Kevin D. AU - Lam, Vicky W. Y. AU - Sarmiento, Jorge L. AU - Watson, Reg A. DA - 2017/02/21/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.1610238114 DP - PubMed IS - 8 KW - fisheries catch food webs ocean productivity primary production LA - eng PY - 2017 SN - 1091-6490 SP - E1441-E1449 ST - Reconciling fisheries catch and ocean productivity T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Reconciling fisheries catch and ocean productivity VL - 114 ID - 22519 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stock, Charles A. AU - Pegion, Kathy AU - Vecchi, Gabriel A. AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Tommasi, Desiree AU - Bond, Nicholas A. AU - Fratantoni, Paula S. AU - Gudgel, Richard G. AU - Kristiansen, Trond AU - O’Brien, Todd D. AU - Xue, Yan AU - Yang, Xiasong DA - 2015/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.06.007 PY - 2015 SN - 0079-6611 SP - 219-236 ST - Seasonal sea surface temperature anomaly prediction for coastal ecosystems T2 - Progress in Oceanography TI - Seasonal sea surface temperature anomaly prediction for coastal ecosystems VL - 137 ID - 24907 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stockdon, Hilary F. AU - Holman, Rob A. AU - Howd, Peter A. AU - Sallenger, Asbury H., Jr. DA - 5// DO - 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.12.005 IS - 7 KW - Wave runup Swash Wave setup Remote sensing PY - 2006 SN - 0378-3839 SP - 573-588 ST - Empirical parameterization of setup, swash, and runup T2 - Coastal Engineering TI - Empirical parameterization of setup, swash, and runup VL - 53 ID - 19984 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An appreciation of the dynamism of the links between soil resources and society provides a platform for examining food security over the next 50 years. Interventions to reverse declining trends in food security must recognize the variable resilience and sensitivity of major tropical soil types. In most agro-ecosystems, declining crop yield is exponentially related to loss of soil quality. For the majority smallholder (subsistence) farmers, investments to reverse degradation are primarily driven by private benefit, socially or financially. “Tragedy of the commons” scenarios can be averted by pragmatic local solutions that help farmers to help themselves. AU - Stocking, M. A. DO - 10.1126/science.1088579 IS - 5649 PY - 2003 SP - 1356-1359 ST - Tropical soils and food security: The next 50 years T2 - Science TI - Tropical soils and food security: The next 50 years VL - 302 ID - 25000 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The long-term sustainability of wheat-based dryland cropping systems in the Inland Pacific Northwest (IPNW) of the United States depends on how these systems adapt to climate change. Climate models project warming with slight increases in winter precipitation but drier summers for the IPNW. These conditions combined with elevated atmospheric CO2, which promote crop growth and improve transpiration-use efficiency, may be beneficial for cropping systems in the IPNW and may provide regional opportunities for agricultural diversification and intensification. Crop modeling simulation under future climatic conditions showed increased wheat productivity for the IPNW for most of the century. Water use by winter wheat was projected to decrease significantly in higher and intermediate precipitation zones and increase slightly in drier locations, but with winter crops utilizing significantly more water overall than spring crops. Crop diversification with inclusion of winter crops other than wheat is a possibility depending on agronomic and economic considerations, while substitution of winter for spring crops appeared feasible only in high precipitation areas. Increased weed pressure, higher pest populations, expanded ranges of biotic stressors, and agronomic, plant breeding, economic, technology, and other factors will influence what production systems eventually prevail under future climatic conditions in the region. AU - Stöckle, Claudio O. AU - Higgins, Stewart AU - Nelson, Roger AU - Abatzoglou, John AU - Huggins, Dave AU - Pan, William AU - Karimi, Tina AU - Antle, John AU - Eigenbrode, Sanford D. AU - Brooks, Erin DA - April 10 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1950-z IS - 1-2 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 247-261 ST - Evaluating opportunities for an increased role of winter crops as adaptation to climate change in dryland cropping systems of the U.S. Inland Pacific Northwest T2 - Climatic Change TI - Evaluating opportunities for an increased role of winter crops as adaptation to climate change in dryland cropping systems of the U.S. Inland Pacific Northwest VL - 146 ID - 24621 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stoll, Joshua S. AU - Beitl, Christine M. AU - Wilson, James A. DA - 2016/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.01.005 KW - Access Adaptability Commercial fishing Licenses Gulf of Maine Resilience PY - 2016 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 79-91 ST - How access to Maine's fisheries has changed over a quarter century: The cumulative effects of licensing on resilience T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - How access to Maine's fisheries has changed over a quarter century: The cumulative effects of licensing on resilience VL - 37 ID - 26238 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stöllberger, C. AU - Lutz, W. AU - Finsterer, J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02581.x IS - 7 PY - 2009 RN - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02581.x/pdf SN - 1468-1331 SP - 879-882 ST - Heat-related side-effects of neurological and non-neurological medication may increase heatwave fatalities T2 - European Journal of Neurology TI - Heat-related side-effects of neurological and non-neurological medication may increase heatwave fatalities VL - 16 ID - 15510 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study explores the potential effectiveness of metropolitan land cover change as a climate change adaptation strategy for managing rising temperatures in a large and rapidly warming metropolitan region of the United States. Through the integration of a mesoscale meteorological model with estimated land cover data for the Atlanta, Georgia region in 2010, this study quantifies the influence of extensive land cover change at the periphery of a large metropolitan region on temperature within the city center. The first study to directly model a metropolitan scale heat transfer mechanism, we find both enhanced tree canopy and impervious cover hi the suburban zones of the Atlanta region to produce statistically significant cooling and warming effects in the urban core. Based on these findings, we conclude that urban heat island management both within and beyond the central developed core of large cities may provide an effective climate change adaptation strategy for large metropolitan regions. AU - Stone, B. AU - Vargo, J. AU - Liu, P. AU - Hu, Y. T. AU - Russell, A. DA - Jul DO - 10.1021/es304352e IS - 14 KW - SE UHI Adaptation urban lULCC urbanization heat PY - 2013 SN - 0013-936X SP - 7780-7786 ST - Climate change adaptation through urban heat management in Atlanta, Georgia T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Climate change adaptation through urban heat management in Atlanta, Georgia VL - 47 ID - 22853 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stone, Brian Jr. AU - Vargo, Jason AU - Liu, Peng AU - Habeeb, Dana AU - DeLucia, Anthony AU - Trail, Marcus AU - Hu, Yongtao AU - Russell, Armistead DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0100852 IS - 6 N1 - Ch2 PY - 2014 SP - e100852 ST - Avoided heat-related mortality through climate adaptation strategies in three US cities T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Avoided heat-related mortality through climate adaptation strategies in three US cities VL - 9 ID - 19132 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Storey, Margaret AU - Gudger, E. W. DO - 10.2307/1932762 IS - 4 PY - 1936 SN - 1939-9170 SP - 640-648 ST - Mortality of fishes due to cold at Sanibel Island, Florida, 1886-1936 T2 - Ecology TI - Mortality of fishes due to cold at Sanibel Island, Florida, 1886-1936 VL - 17 ID - 24382 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Storlazzi, Curt D. AU - Berkowitz, Paul AU - Reynolds, Michelle H. AU - Logan, Joshua B. CY - Reston, VA DA - 2013 KW - Hawaii winds and waves Vulnerability Sea level Ecosystems coastal inundation marine ecosystems NV - USGS Open-File Report 2013–1069 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2013 SP - 78 ST - Forecasting the Impact of Storm Waves and Sea-Level Rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island Within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—A Comparison of Passive Versus Dynamic Inundation Models TI - Forecasting the Impact of Storm Waves and Sea-Level Rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island Within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—A Comparison of Passive Versus Dynamic Inundation Models UR - https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1069/ ID - 22520 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Observations show global sea level is rising due to climate change, with the highest rates in the tropical Pacific Ocean where many of the world’s low-lying atolls are located. Sea-level rise is particularly critical for low-lying carbonate reef-lined atoll islands; these islands have limited land and water available for human habitation, water and food sources, and ecosystems that are vulnerable to inundation from sea-level rise. Here we demonstrate that sea-level rise will result in larger waves and higher wave-driven water levels along atoll islands’ shorelines than at present. Numerical model results reveal waves will synergistically interact with sea-level rise, causing twice as much land forecast to be flooded for a given value of sea-level rise than currently predicted by current models that do not take wave-driven water levels into account. Atolls with islands close to the shallow reef crest are more likely to be subjected to greater wave-induced run-up and flooding due to sea-level rise than those with deeper reef crests farther from the islands’ shorelines. It appears that many atoll islands will be flooded annually, salinizing the limited freshwater resources and thus likely forcing inhabitants to abandon their islands in decades, not centuries, as previously thought. AU - Storlazzi, Curt D. AU - Elias, Edwin P. L. AU - Berkowitz, Paul DA - 2015/09/25/ DO - 10.1038/srep14546 DP - PubMed Central KW - Sea level coastal inundation impact atolls migration wind and waves coastal effects PY - 2015 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 14546 ST - Many atolls may be uninhabitable within decades due to climate change T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Many atolls may be uninhabitable within decades due to climate change VL - 5 Y2 - 2016/08/27/02:26:05 ID - 22521 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Storlazzi, Curt D. AU - Shope, James B. AU - Erikson, Li H. AU - Hergermiller, Christine A. AU - Barnard, Patrick L. DA - 2015 DO - 10.3133/ofr20151001 PY - 2015 SN - USGS Open-File Report 2015–1001 SP - 426 ST - Future Wave and Wind Projections for United States and United States-Affiliated Pacific Islands TI - Future Wave and Wind Projections for United States and United States-Affiliated Pacific Islands ID - 22522 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stowell, Jennifer D. AU - Kim, Young-min AU - Gao, Yang AU - Fu, Joshua S. AU - Chang, Howard H. AU - Liu, Yang DA - 2017/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.001 KW - Ozone Climate change Predictive modeling Emissions Pollution Public health Mortality PY - 2017 SN - 0160-4120 SP - 41-50 ST - The impact of climate change and emissions control on future ozone levels: Implications for human health T2 - Environment International TI - The impact of climate change and emissions control on future ozone levels: Implications for human health VL - 108 ID - 26239 ER - TY - JOUR AU - St-Pierre, N. R. AU - Cobanov, B. AU - Schnitkey, G. DO - 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)74040-5 PY - 2003 SN - 0022-0302 SP - E52-E77 ST - Economic losses from heat stress by US livestock industries T2 - Journal of Dairy Science TI - Economic losses from heat stress by US livestock industries VL - 86 Y2 - 2017/09/19 ID - 21228 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stramma, Lothar AU - Schmidtko, Sunke AU - Levin, Lisa A. AU - Johnson, Gregory C. DA - 4// DO - 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.01.005 IS - 4 KW - Deoxygenation Oxygen minimum zones Ecosystem changes Hypoxia Tropical ocean Tropical Atlantic Tropical Pacific PY - 2010 SN - 0967-0637 SP - 587-595 ST - Ocean oxygen minima expansions and their biological impacts T2 - Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers TI - Ocean oxygen minima expansions and their biological impacts VL - 57 ID - 20043 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Stratus Consulting and Denver Water CY - Boulder, CO PB - Stratus Consulting PY - 2015 SP - various ST - Embracing Uncertainty: A Case Study Examination of How Climate Change Is Shifting Water Utility Planning. Prepared for the Water Utility Climate Alliance (WUCA), the American Water Works Association (AWWA), the Water Research Foundation (WRF), and the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (AMWA) by Stratus Consulting Inc., Boulder, CO (Karen Raucher and Robert Raucher) and Denver Water, Denver, CO (Laurna Kaatz) TI - Embracing Uncertainty: A Case Study Examination of How Climate Change Is Shifting Water Utility Planning. Prepared for the Water Utility Climate Alliance (WUCA), the American Water Works Association (AWWA), the Water Research Foundation (WRF), and the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (AMWA) by Stratus Consulting Inc., Boulder, CO (Karen Raucher and Robert Raucher) and Denver Water, Denver, CO (Laurna Kaatz) UR - https://www.wucaonline.org/assets/pdf/pubs-uncertainty.pdf ID - 25408 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is anticipated to affect freshwater resources, but baseline data on the functioning of tropical watersheds is lacking, limiting efforts that seek to predict how watershed processes, water supply, and streamflow respond to anticipated changes in climate and vegetation change, and to management. To address this data gap, we applied the distributed hydrology soil vegetation model (DHSVM) across 88 watersheds spanning a highly constrained, 4500 mm mean annual rainfall (MAR) gradient on Hawai‘i Island to quantify stream flow at 3-h time-steps for eight years in response to the independent and interactive effects of (1) large observed decrease in MAR; (2) projected warming and altered precipitation; and (3) four scenarios of forest invasion by the high water-demanding non-native tree species Psidium cattleianum. The model captured 62% of variability in measured flow at daily time scales, 95% at monthly time scales, and 98% at annual time scales. We found that low DHSVM modeled flow (Q90) and storm flow (Q10) responses to observed declines in rainfall dwarfed those of projected temperature increase or invasion, with flow decline positively correlated with MAR. As a percentage of streamflow, temperature and invasion reductions were negatively correlated with MAR. By comparison, warming alone had little effect on Q90 or Q10, but both decreased with increasing P. cattleianum cover, and projected effects of declining MAR were accentuated when combined with P. cattleianum and warming. Restoration mitigated some effects of climate warming by increasing stream base flows, with the relative effects of restoration being larger in drier versus wetter watersheds. We conclude that potential changes in climate in tropical environments are likely to exert significant effects on streamflow, but managing vegetation can provide mitigating benefits. AU - Strauch, Ayron M. AU - Giardina, Christian P. AU - MacKenzie, Richard A. AU - Heider, Chris AU - Giambelluca, Tom W. AU - Salminen, Ed AU - Bruland, Gregory L. DA - 2017/04/01/ DO - 10.1007/s10021-016-0038-3 DP - link.springer.com IS - 3 LA - en PY - 2017 SN - 1432-9840, 1435-0629 SP - 583-600 ST - Modeled effects of climate change and plant invasion on watershed function across a steep tropical rainfall gradient T2 - Ecosystems TI - Modeled effects of climate change and plant invasion on watershed function across a steep tropical rainfall gradient VL - 20 Y2 - 2017/09/22/21:23:35 ID - 22523 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Research scientists collaborated with federal land managers of two national parks and two national forests to conduct a climate change vulnerability assessment and to identify adaptation strategies for a transportation network covering 28,900 km of roads and trails in north-central Washington, U.S.A. The assessment employed observations of sensitivity and response to climatic variability, downscaled climate projections, literature reviews, current management policies and practices, expert knowledge, and stakeholder engagement. Primary pathways for climate impacts focused on projected increases in extreme high flows and flooding, elevated winter soil moisture and landslide hazards, and loss of snowpack. The biggest impacts to roads and trails are expected from temperature-induced changes in hydrologic regimes that enhance autumn flooding and reduce spring snowpack. Projected higher winter soil moisture caused by changes in seasonal precipitation and snow accumulation could reduce slope stability. Earlier snowmelt may lengthen the snow-free season for visitor use and agency operations. Infrastructure age, design, maintenance, location, use, and limited redundancy along with funding policies and management, influence the sensitivities of the transportation system. Vulnerabilities were identified based on when and where these sensitivities to changes in climate may emerge. Adaptation strategies and tactics identified to address these vulnerabilities included: upgrading stream crossing and drainage design, changing use and maintenance, relocating or closing roads and trails, modifying funding policies, and expanding pubic engagement. Many adaptation options are “no regrets” approaches to changes in climate projected for the 2040s and 2080s that can be applied to other resource sectors and mountainous regions. AU - Strauch, R. L. AU - Raymond, C. L. AU - Rochefort, R. M. AU - Hamlet, A. F. AU - Lauver, C. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-015-1357-7 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 185-199 ST - Adapting transportation to climate change on federal lands in Washington State, U.S.A T2 - Climatic Change TI - Adapting transportation to climate change on federal lands in Washington State, U.S.A VL - 130 ID - 24563 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Strauss, Ben AU - Tebaldi, Claudia AU - Kulp, Scott AU - Cutter, Susan AU - Emrich, Chris AU - Rizza, Daniel AU - Yawitz, Daniel CY - Princeton, NJ NV - Climate Central Research Report PB - Climate Central PY - 2014 SP - 29 ST - Texas and the Surging Sea: A Vulnerability Assessment with Projections for Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flood Risk TI - Texas and the Surging Sea: A Vulnerability Assessment with Projections for Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flood Risk UR - http://sealevel.climatecentral.org/uploads/ssrf/TX-Report.pdf ID - 23281 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anthropogenic carbon emissions lock in long-term sea-level rise that greatly exceeds projections for this century, posing profound challenges for coastal development and cultural legacies. Analysis based on previously published relationships linking emissions to warming and warming to rise indicates that unabated carbon emissions up to the year 2100 would commit an eventual global sea-level rise of 4.3–9.9 m. Based on detailed topographic and population data, local high tide lines, and regional long-term sea-level commitment for different carbon emissions and ice sheet stability scenarios, we compute the current population living on endangered land at municipal, state, and national levels within the United States. For unabated climate change, we find that land that is home to more than 20 million people is implicated and is widely distributed among different states and coasts. The total area includes 1,185–1,825 municipalities where land that is home to more than half of the current population would be affected, among them at least 21 cities exceeding 100,000 residents. Under aggressive carbon cuts, more than half of these municipalities would avoid this commitment if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet remains stable. Similarly, more than half of the US population-weighted area under threat could be spared. We provide lists of implicated cities and state populations for different emissions scenarios and with and without a certain collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Although past anthropogenic emissions already have caused sea-level commitment that will force coastal cities to adapt, future emissions will determine which areas we can continue to occupy or may have to abandon. AU - Strauss, Benjamin H. AU - Kulp, Scott AU - Levermann, Anders DA - November 3, 2015 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1511186112 IS - 44 PY - 2015 SP - 13508-13513 ST - Carbon choices determine US cities committed to futures below sea level T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Carbon choices determine US cities committed to futures below sea level VL - 112 ID - 19986 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Because sea level could rise 1 m or more during the next century, it is important to understand what land, communities and assets may be most at risk from increased flooding and eventual submersion. Employing a recent high-resolution edition of the National Elevation Dataset and using VDatum, a newly available tidal model covering the contiguous US, together with data from the 2010 Census, we quantify low-lying coastal land, housing and population relative to local mean high tide levels, which range from ~0 to 3 m in elevation (North American Vertical Datum of 1988). Previous work at regional to national scales has sometimes equated elevation with the amount of sea level rise, leading to underestimated risk anywhere where the mean high tide elevation exceeds 0 m, and compromising comparisons across regions with different tidal levels. Using our tidally adjusted approach, we estimate the contiguous US population living on land within 1 m of high tide to be 3.7 million. In 544 municipalities and 38 counties, we find that over 10% of the population lives below this line; all told, some 2150 towns and cities have some degree of exposure. At the state level, Florida, Louisiana, California, New York and New Jersey have the largest sub-meter populations. We assess topographic susceptibility of land, housing and population to sea level rise for all coastal states, counties and municipalities, from 0 to 6 m above mean high tide, and find important threat levels for widely distributed communities of every size. We estimate that over 22.9 million Americans live on land within 6 m of local mean high tide. AU - Strauss, B.H. AU - Ziemlinski, R. AU - Weiss, J.L. AU - Overpeck, J.T. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/014033 IS - 1 PY - 2012 SP - 014033 ST - Tidally adjusted estimates of topographic vulnerability to sea level rise and flooding for the contiguous United States T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Tidally adjusted estimates of topographic vulnerability to sea level rise and flooding for the contiguous United States VL - 7 ID - 15524 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stroeve, J. AU - Barrett, A. AU - Serreze, M. AU - Schweiger, A. DO - 10.5194/tc-8-1839-2014 IS - 5 PY - 2014 SN - 1994-0424 SP - 1839-1854 ST - Using records from submarine, aircraft and satellites to evaluate climate model simulations of Arctic sea ice thickness T2 - The Cryosphere TI - Using records from submarine, aircraft and satellites to evaluate climate model simulations of Arctic sea ice thickness VL - 8 ID - 19457 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stroeve, Julienne AU - Holland, Marika M. AU - Meier, Walt AU - Scambos, Ted AU - Serreze, Mark C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2007GL029703 IS - 9 KW - changing snow and ice dynamics; Marine PY - 2007 SN - 0094-8276 SP - L09501 ST - Arctic sea ice decline: Faster than forecast T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Arctic sea ice decline: Faster than forecast VL - 34 ID - 15526 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stroeve, Julienne AU - Notz, Dirk DA - 12// DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.10.011 KW - Arctic sea ice Future climate change Sea ice predictability PY - 2015 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 119-132 ST - Insights on past and future sea-ice evolution from combining observations and models T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - Insights on past and future sea-ice evolution from combining observations and models VL - 135 ID - 19881 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stroeve, J. C. AU - Markus, T. AU - Boisvert, L. AU - Miller, J. AU - Barrett, A. DO - 10.1002/2013GL058951 IS - 4 KW - Arctic sea ice 0750 Sea ice 0758 Remote sensing 0766 Thermodynamics PY - 2014 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 1216-1225 ST - Changes in Arctic melt season and implications for sea ice loss T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Changes in Arctic melt season and implications for sea ice loss VL - 41 ID - 19456 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stuart-Smith, Rick D. AU - Edgar, Graham J. AU - Barrett, Neville S. AU - Kininmonth, Stuart J. AU - Bates, Amanda E. DA - 11/11/online DO - 10.1038/nature16144 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SP - 88-92 ST - Thermal biases and vulnerability to warming in the world’s marine fauna T2 - Nature TI - Thermal biases and vulnerability to warming in the world’s marine fauna VL - 528 ID - 24821 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Stults, Missy AU - Meerow, Sara CY - Troy, MI PB - The Kresge Foundation PY - 2017 SP - 36 ST - Professional Societies and Climate Change TI - Professional Societies and Climate Change UR - https://kresge.org/sites/default/files/library/env1007-psreport-0117_revised_11917.pdf ID - 23084 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Stults, M. AU - Petersen, S. AU - Bell, J. AU - Baule, W. AU - Nasser, E. AU - Gibbons, E. AU - Fougerat, M. CY - Duluth, MN PB - 1854 Treaty Authority PY - 2016 SP - 146 ST - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Plan: 1854 Ceded Territory Including the Bois Forte, Fond du Lac, and Grand Portage Reservations TI - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Plan: 1854 Ceded Territory Including the Bois Forte, Fond du Lac, and Grand Portage Reservations UR - http://www.1854treatyauthority.org/images/ClimateAdaptationPlan_Final-July_2016-optimized(1).pdf ID - 21276 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the face of a changing climate, many United States (US) local governments are creating plans to prepare. These plans layout how a community is vulnerable to existing and future changes in climate as well as what actions they propose taking to prepare. The actions included in these plans provide insight into what local governments feel they have the ability to undertake, as well as what actions they believe are important to building resilience. To date, little to no analysis has been conducted on the content of these plans, leaving researchers, practitioners, and those supporting communities with limited understanding of what gaps need to be filled or how best to support locally prioritized climate action. This paper analyzes the content of 43 stand alone climate adaptation plans from US local communities to identify the types of actions proposed and how those actions compare to what researchers indicate the communities should be prioritizing based on regional climate projections. The results indicate that local communities include numerous and varied actions in their adaptation plans and that the majority of communities are selecting actions that are theoretically appropriate given projected changes in regional climate. Yet some types of actions, such as building codes and advocacy, are not being widely used. These results contrast with previous studies, which found that local communities focus primarily on capacity building approaches. Findings also demonstrate that plans rarely contain significant details about how actions will be implemented, raising questions about whether plans will translate into real-world projects. AU - Stults, Missy AU - Woodruff, Sierra C. DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s11027-016-9725-9 IS - 8 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1596 SP - 1249-1279 ST - Looking under the hood of local adaptation plans: Shedding light on the actions prioritized to build local resilience to climate change T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change TI - Looking under the hood of local adaptation plans: Shedding light on the actions prioritized to build local resilience to climate change VL - 22 ID - 24168 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sturm, Matthew AU - Goldstein, Michael A. AU - Huntington, Henry AU - Douglas, Thomas A. DA - 2017// DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1860-5 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 437-449 ST - Using an option pricing approach to evaluate strategic decisions in a rapidly changing climate: Black–Scholes and climate change T2 - Climatic Change TI - Using an option pricing approach to evaluate strategic decisions in a rapidly changing climate: Black–Scholes and climate change VL - 140 ID - 22297 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sturrock, R. N. AU - Frankel, S. J. AU - Brown, A. V. AU - Hennon, P. E. AU - Kliejunas, J. T. AU - Lewis, K. J. AU - Worrall, J. J. AU - Woods, A. J. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02406.x IS - 1 KW - forest management forest pathogens plant disease management plant pathogens sudden aspen decline yellow-cedar decline PY - 2011 SN - 1365-3059 SP - 133-149 ST - Climate change and forest diseases T2 - Plant Pathology TI - Climate change and forest diseases VL - 60 ID - 21191 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Su, Jason G. AU - Meng, Ying-Ying AU - Pickett, Melissa AU - Seto, Edmund AU - Ritz, Beate AU - Jerrett, Michael DA - 2016/08/16 DO - 10.1021/acs.est.6b00926 IS - 16 PY - 2016 SN - 0013-936X SP - 8687-8696 ST - Identification of effects of regulatory actions on air quality in goods movement corridors in California T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Identification of effects of regulatory actions on air quality in goods movement corridors in California VL - 50 ID - 25205 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Subedee, Mukesh AU - Dotson, Marissa AU - Gibeaut, James CY - Corpus Christi, TX PB - Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University PY - 2016 SP - 1 ST - Investigating the Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of Sea Level Rise in the Galveston Bay, Texas Region [poster] TI - Investigating the Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of Sea Level Rise in the Galveston Bay, Texas Region [poster] UR - https://www.harteresearchinstitute.org/sites/default/files/projects/Subedee_Dotson_Gibeaut_2016OSM_20160224.pdf ID - 25912 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat kills more people than any other weather-related event in the USA, resulting in hundreds of fatalities each year. In North Carolina, heat-related illness accounts for over 2,000 yearly emergency department admissions. In this study, data on emergency department (ED) visits for heat-related illness (HRI) were obtained from the North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool to identify spatiotemporal relationships between temperature and morbidity across six warm seasons (May–September) from 2007 to 2012. Spatiotemporal relationships are explored across different regions (e.g., coastal plain, rural) and demographics (e.g., gender, age) to determine the differential impact of heat stress on populations. This research reveals that most cases of HRI occur on days with climatologically normal temperatures (e.g., 31 to 35 °C); however, HRI rates increase substantially on days with abnormally high daily maximum temperatures (e.g., 31 to 38 °C). HRI ED visits decreased on days with extreme heat (e.g., greater than 38 °C), suggesting that populations are taking preventative measures during extreme heat and therefore mitigating heat-related illness. AU - Sugg, Margaret M. AU - Konrad, Charles E. AU - Fuhrmann, Christopher M. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s00484-015-1060-4 IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1432-1254 SP - 663-675 ST - Relationships between maximum temperature and heat-related illness across North Carolina, USA T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology TI - Relationships between maximum temperature and heat-related illness across North Carolina, USA VL - 60 ID - 23581 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sukop, Michael C. AU - Rogers, Martina AU - Guannel, Greg AU - Infanti, Johnna M. AU - Hagemann, Katherine DA - 2018/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.170 KW - Groundwater Sea level rise Tides Sunny-day flooding Coastal flooding Repetitive loss flooding PY - 2018 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 1668-1688 ST - High temporal resolution modeling of the impact of rain, tides, and sea level rise on water table flooding in the Arch Creek basin, Miami-Dade County Florida USA T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - High temporal resolution modeling of the impact of rain, tides, and sea level rise on water table flooding in the Arch Creek basin, Miami-Dade County Florida USA VL - 616-617 ID - 25461 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sullivan, James L. AU - Novak, David C. CY - Burlington, VT NV - UVM TRC Report 14-016 PB - University of Vermont Transportation Research Center PY - 2015 SP - 48 ST - A Risk-Based Flood-Planning Strategy for Vermont’s Roadway Network TI - A Risk-Based Flood-Planning Strategy for Vermont’s Roadway Network UR - http://www.uvm.edu/~transctr/research/trc_reports/UVM-TRC-14-016.pdf ID - 24572 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sullivan, Patrick AU - Colman, Jesse AU - Kalendra, Eric CY - Denver, CO NV - NREL/TP-6A20-64297 PB - National Renewable Energy Laboratory PY - 2015 SP - 18 ST - Predicting the Response of Electricity Load to Climate Change TI - Predicting the Response of Electricity Load to Climate Change UR - https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy15osti/64297.pdf ID - 21374 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sun, Liqiang AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - Stevens, Laura E. AU - Buddenberg, Andrew AU - Dobson, J. Greg AU - Easterling, David R. DO - 10.7289/V5RB72KG PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service PY - 2015 SN - NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 144 SP - 111 ST - Regional Surface Climate Conditions in CMIP3 and CMIP5 for the United States: Differences, Similarities, and Implications for the U.S. National Climate Assessment TI - Regional Surface Climate Conditions in CMIP3 and CMIP5 for the United States: Differences, Similarities, and Implications for the U.S. National Climate Assessment ID - 19332 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sun, Qiaohong AU - Miao, Chiyuan AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Duan, Qingyun DO - 10.1002/2016GL069628 IS - 12 KW - drought El Niño–Southern Oscillation Pacific Decadal Oscillation North Atlantic Oscillation 1812 Drought 1833 Hydroclimatology 3305 Climate change and variability 4550 Ocean influence of Earth rotation PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 6528-6537 ST - Century-scale causal relationships between global dry/wet conditions and the state of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Century-scale causal relationships between global dry/wet conditions and the state of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans VL - 43 ID - 21536 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although several previous studies have assessed the association of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure during pregnancy with preterm birth, the results have been inconsistent and remain controversial. This meta-analysis aims to quantitatively summarize the association between maternal PM2.5 exposure and preterm birth and to further explore the sources of heterogeneity in findings on this association. AU - Sun, Xiaoli AU - Luo, Xiping AU - Zhao, Chunmei AU - Chung Ng, Rachel Wai AU - Lim, Chi Eung Danforn AU - Zhang, Bo AU - Liu, Tao DA - November 18 DO - 10.1186/s12884-015-0738-2 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1471-2393 SP - 300 ST - The association between fine particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and preterm birth: A meta-analysis T2 - BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth TI - The association between fine particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and preterm birth: A meta-analysis VL - 15 ID - 24620 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sunday, Jennifer M. AU - Fabricius, Katharina E. AU - Kroeker, Kristy J. AU - Anderson, Kathryn M. AU - Brown, Norah E. AU - Barry, James P. AU - Connell, Sean D. AU - Dupont, Sam AU - Gaylord, Brian AU - Hall-Spencer, Jason M. AU - Klinger, Terrie AU - Milazzo, Marco AU - Munday, Philip L. AU - Russell, Bayden D. AU - Sanford, Eric AU - Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen AU - Vaughan, Megan L. H. AU - Widdicombe, Stephen AU - Harley, Christopher D. G. DA - 11/21/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3161 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 81-85 ST - Ocean acidification can mediate biodiversity shifts by changing biogenic habitat T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Ocean acidification can mediate biodiversity shifts by changing biogenic habitat VL - 7 ID - 23996 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The North Atlantic with its spring-bloom ecosystem has its particular responses to climate change, many of them different from the other parts of the world’s oceans. The system is strongly influenced by anthropogenic climate change as well as to strong decadal to multidecadal natural climate variability. In particular, the northernmost part of the system and the Arctic is exposed to higher increase in temperature than any other ocean region. The most pronounced examples of poleward migration of marine species are found in the North Atlantic, and comprise the recent warming phase after the 1970s. The latitudinal asymmetric position of the Arctic Front and its nature of change result in a considerably larger migration distance and migration speed of species in the Northeast Atlantic part of the system. However, we here hypothesize that there is a limit to the future extent of poleward migration of species constrained by the latitudinal region adjacent the Polar Circle. We define this region the critical latitudes. This is because the seasonal light cycle at high latitudes sets particular demands on the life cycle of planktivore species. Presently, boreal planktivore species at high latitudes deposit lipids during the short spring bloom period and overwinter when phytoplankton production is insufficient for feeding. Unless invading temperate species from farther south are able to adapt by developing a similar life cycle future poleward migration of such species will be unlikely. AD - Svein Sundby,Department of Oceanography and Climate, Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Institute of Marine Research,Bergen, Norway,svein.sundby@imr.no AU - Sundby, Svein AU - Drinkwater, Kenneth F. AU - Kjesbu, Olav S. DA - 2016-March-15 DO - 10.3389/fmars.2016.00028 IS - 28 KW - future climate change impacts,Multidecadal climate variability,seasonal light cycle,boreal species,Temperate species,Lipid accumulation,climate-induced migration,critical latitudes,overwintering LA - English M3 - Review PY - 2016 SN - 2296-7745 ST - The North Atlantic spring-bloom system—Where the changing climate meets the winter dark T2 - Frontiers in Marine Science TI - The North Atlantic spring-bloom system—Where the changing climate meets the winter dark VL - 3 ID - 23458 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Under climate change, alterations in primary production and concomitant changes in community dynamics are expected in many marine ecosystems. We used an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) marine ecosystem model of the western Antarctic Peninsula to simulate effects on the food web based on proposed changes in the primary production regime expected as a result of climate change. Scenarios for trophic modeling are based on published results from coupled high-resolution regional ocean sea-ice and ice-shelf models, which consider alterations in water circulation from westerly wind intensification, increases in circumpolar deep water upwelling, iron upwelling, and decreases in sea-ice extent. Modeling scenarios included 6, 15, and 41% increases in phytoplankton production with equivalent percentage decreases in ice algal production, and 1 scenario with 15% increase for phytoplankton with no change for ice algae. These scenarios were achieved through linear forcing functions within the EwE software. We framed ecosystem changes in terms of biomass, species diversity, mean trophic level, trophodynamics, and network metrics. Simulations revealed that in each scenario, mean trophic level increased, species diversity generally decreased, and energetic pathways were reorganized. Modeled changes in the planktonic invertebrate assemblage include changes in 2 key competitors, krill and salps. For example, model results predict declines in krill biomass with concomitant increases in salp biomass. In all scenarios that assumed a negative change in ice-algae production rates due to sea-ice habitat loss, whale, seal, and penguin populations were negatively affected. Changes in ecosystem structure in this sensitive region may serve as an indicator of changes expected in the Southern Ocean. AU - Suprenand, Paul Mark AU - Ainsworth, Cameron H. DO - 10.3354/meps12100 N1 - 10.3354/meps12100 PY - 2017 SP - 37-54 ST - Trophodynamic effects of climate change-induced alterations to primary production along the western Antarctic Peninsula T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series TI - Trophodynamic effects of climate change-induced alterations to primary production along the western Antarctic Peninsula VL - 569 ID - 24908 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Central New Mexico Climate Change Scenario Planning Project integrated climate change analysis into a land use and transportation scenario planning process in the Albuquerque Metropolitan Planning Area. In addition to traditional transportation and accessibility indicators, the Mid-Region Council of Governments and federal and local project partners used spatial analysis to test the benefits of a preferred scenario against climate change–related performance measures. The project found that in central New Mexico, emphasizing growth in priority development areas, such as activity centers and transit nodes, not only reduced vehicle miles traveled and greenhouse gas emissions but also proved to be more sustainable by attracting development to desired locations and reducing the amount of growth in areas subject to the risk of climate change impacts such as wildfires and flooding. AU - Sussman, Aaron AU - Rasmussen, Benjamin AU - Siddiqui, Chowdhury DO - 10.3141/2572-09 PY - 2016 SP - 78-85 ST - Integrating climate change into scenario planning T2 - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board TI - Integrating climate change into scenario planning VL - 2572 ID - 24564 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sussman, Fran AU - Krishnan, Nisha AU - Maher, Kathryn AU - Miller, Rawlings AU - Mack, Charlotte AU - Stewart, Paul AU - Shouse, Kate AU - Perkins, Bill C6 - NCA DO - 10.1080/14693062.2013.777604 ET - 26 Mar 2013 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SN - 1469-3062 SP - 242-282 ST - Climate change adaptation cost in the US: What do we know? T2 - Climate Policy TI - Climate change adaptation cost in the US: What do we know? VL - 14 Y2 - 2013/08/06 ID - 15548 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sustain Louisville CY - Louisville, KY PB - Office of Sustainability PY - 2017 SP - 24 ST - 2016 Progress Report TI - 2016 Progress Report UR - https://louisvilleky.gov/sites/default/files/sustainability/sustain_louisville_2016_progress_report.pdf ID - 26307 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sustainable Accounting Standards Board (SASB) KW - added by ERG PY - 2017 ST - SASB Conceptual Framework TI - SASB Conceptual Framework UR - https://www.sasb.org/standards-setting-process/conceptual-framework/ ID - 23100 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sutton, Adrienne J. AU - Feely, Richard A. AU - Sabine, Christopher L. AU - McPhaden, Michael J. AU - Takahashi, Taro AU - Chavez, Francisco P. AU - Friederich, Gernot E. AU - Mathis, Jeremy T. DO - 10.1002/2013GB004679 IS - 2 KW - ENSO El Niño climate change CO2 ocean acidification 0428 Carbon cycling 4231 Equatorial oceanography 4215 Climate and interannual variability 4522 ENSO PY - 2014 SN - 1944-9224 SP - 131-145 ST - Natural variability and anthropogenic change in equatorial Pacific surface ocean pCO2 and pH T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Natural variability and anthropogenic change in equatorial Pacific surface ocean pCO2 and pH VL - 28 ID - 24909 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sutton, A. J. AU - Sabine, C. L. AU - Feely, R. A. AU - Cai, W. J. AU - Cronin, M. F. AU - McPhaden, M. J. AU - Morell, J. M. AU - Newton, J. A. AU - Noh, J. H. AU - Ólafsdóttir, S. R. AU - Salisbury, J. E. AU - Send, U. AU - Vandemark, D. C. AU - Weller, R. A. DO - 10.5194/bg-13-5065-2016 IS - 17 PY - 2016 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 5065-5083 ST - Using present-day observations to detect when anthropogenic change forces surface ocean carbonate chemistry outside preindustrial bounds T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Using present-day observations to detect when anthropogenic change forces surface ocean carbonate chemistry outside preindustrial bounds VL - 13 ID - 20698 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sutton, Jessica AU - Luchetti, Nicholas AU - Wright, Ethan AU - Kruk, Michael C. AU - Marra, John J. CY - Asheville, NC DA - 2015 PB - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2015 SP - 478 ST - An El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Based Precipitation Climatology for the United States Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) Using the PERSIANN Climate Data Record (CDR) TI - An El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Based Precipitation Climatology for the United States Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) Using the PERSIANN Climate Data Record (CDR) UR - ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/coastal/ENSO_Rainfall_Atlas.pdf ID - 22524 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. AU - Moore, Amber DA - 2016/05/03 DO - 10.1080/08920753.2016.1160206 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 0892-0753 SP - 259-277 ST - Leveraging carbon services of coastal ecosystems for habitat protection and restoration T2 - Coastal Management TI - Leveraging carbon services of coastal ecosystems for habitat protection and restoration VL - 44 ID - 25955 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. AU - Wowk, Kateryna AU - Bamford, Holly DA - 2015/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2015.04.006 KW - Ecosystem services Storm protection Coastal flooding Storm surge Community resilience PY - 2015 SN - 1462-9011 SP - 137-148 ST - Future of our coasts: The potential for natural and hybrid infrastructure to enhance the resilience of our coastal communities, economies and ecosystems T2 - Environmental Science & Policy TI - Future of our coasts: The potential for natural and hybrid infrastructure to enhance the resilience of our coastal communities, economies and ecosystems VL - 51 ID - 23995 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to alter the mean and variability of future spring and summer drought and wet conditions during the twenty-first century across North America, as characterized by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 simulations, statistically significant increases are projected in mean spring SPI over the northern part of the continent, and drier conditions across the southwest. Dry conditions in summer also increase, particularly throughout the central Great Plains. By end of century, greater changes are projected under a higher radiative forcing scenario (RCP 8.5) as compared to moderate (RCP 6.0) and lower (RCP 4.5). Analysis of projected changes standardized to a range of global warming thresholds from +1 to +4 °C reveals a consistent spatial pattern of wetter conditions in the northern and drier conditions in the southwestern part of the continent in spring that intensifies under increased warming, suggesting that the magnitude of projected changes in wetness and drought may scale with global temperature. For many regions, SPI interannual variability is also projected to increase (even for regions that are projected to become drier), indicating that climate may become more extreme under greater warming, with increased frequency of both extreme dry and wet seasons. Quantifying the direction and magnitude of projected future trends from global warming is key to informing strategies to mitigate human influence on climate and help natural and managed resources adapt. AU - Swain, Sharmistha AU - Hayhoe, Katharine DO - 10.1007/s00382-014-2255-9 IS - 9 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 2737-2750 ST - CMIP5 projected changes in spring and summer drought and wet conditions over North America T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - CMIP5 projected changes in spring and summer drought and wet conditions over North America VL - 44 ID - 19535 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rising atmospheric CO2 will make Earth warmer, and many studies have inferred that this warming will cause droughts to become more widespread and severe. However, rising atmospheric CO2 also modifies stomatal conductance and plant water use, processes that are often are overlooked in impact analysis. We find that plant physiological responses to CO2 reduce predictions of future drought stress, and that this reduction is captured by using plant-centric rather than atmosphere-centric metrics from Earth system models (ESMs). The atmosphere-centric Palmer Drought Severity Index predicts future increases in drought stress for more than 70% of global land area. This area drops to 37% with the use of precipitation minus evapotranspiration (P-E), a measure that represents the water flux available to downstream ecosystems and humans. The two metrics yield consistent estimates of increasing stress in regions where precipitation decreases are more robust (southern North America, northeastern South America, and southern Europe). The metrics produce diverging estimates elsewhere, with P-E predicting decreasing stress across temperate Asia and central Africa. The differing sensitivity of drought metrics to radiative and physiological aspects of increasing CO2 partly explains the divergent estimates of future drought reported in recent studies. Further, use of ESM output in offline models may double-count plant feedbacks on relative humidity and other surface variables, leading to overestimates of future stress. The use of drought metrics that account for the response of plant transpiration to changing CO2, including direct use of P-E and soil moisture from ESMs, is needed to reduce uncertainties in future assessment. AU - Swann, Abigail L. S. AU - Hoffman, Forrest M. AU - Koven, Charles D. AU - Randerson, James T. DA - September 6, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1604581113 IS - 36 PY - 2016 SP - 10019-10024 ST - Plant responses to increasing CO2 reduce estimates of climate impacts on drought severity T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Plant responses to increasing CO2 reduce estimates of climate impacts on drought severity VL - 113 ID - 21010 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We sampled shrub canopy volume (height times area) and environmental factors (soil wetness, soil depth of thaw, soil pH, mean July air temperature, and typical date of spring snow loss) on 471 plots across five National Park Service units in northern Alaska. Our goal was to determine the environments where tall shrubs thrive and use this information to predict the location of future shrub expansion. The study area covers over 80,000 km2 and has mostly tundra vegetation. Large canopy volumes were uncommon, with volumes over 0.5 m3/m2 present on just 8% of plots. Shrub canopy volumes were highest where mean July temperatures were above 10.5°C and on weakly acid to neutral soils (pH of 6 to 7) with deep summer thaw (>80 cm) and good drainage. On many sites, flooding helped maintain favorable soil conditions for shrub growth. Canopy volumes were highest where the typical snow loss date was near 20 May; these represent sites that are neither strongly wind-scoured in the winter nor late to melt from deep snowdrifts. Individual species varied widely in the canopy volumes they attained and their response to the environmental factors. Betula sp. shrubs were the most common and quite tolerant of soil acidity, cold July temperatures, and shallow thaw depths, but they did not form high-volume canopies under these conditions. Alnus viridis formed the largest canopies and was tolerant of soil acidity down to about pH 5, but required more summer warmth (over 12°C) than the other species. The Salix species varied widely from S. pulchra, tolerant of wet and moderately acid soils, to S. alaxensis, requiring well-drained soils with near neutral pH. Nearly half of the land area in ARCN has mean July temperatures of 10.5 to 12.5°C, where 2°C of warming would bring temperatures into the range needed for all of the potential tall shrub species to form large canopies. However, limitations in the other environmental factors would probably prevent the formation of large shrub canopies on at least half of the land area with newly favorable temperatures after 2°C of warming. AU - Swanson, David K. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0138387 IS - 9 PY - 2015 SP - e0138387 ST - Environmental limits of tall shrubs in Alaska’s Arctic national parks T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Environmental limits of tall shrubs in Alaska’s Arctic national parks VL - 10 ID - 25821 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Swanson, Mark E. AU - Franklin, Jerry F. AU - Beschta, Robert L. AU - Crisafulli, Charles M. AU - DellaSala, Dominick A. AU - Hutto, Richard L. AU - Lindenmayer, David B. AU - Swanson, Frederick J. C6 - NCA DA - 2011/03/01 DO - 10.1890/090157 IS - 2 PY - 2011 SN - 1540-9295 SP - 117-125 ST - The forgotten stage of forest succession: Early-successional ecosystems on forest sites T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - The forgotten stage of forest succession: Early-successional ecosystems on forest sites VL - 9 Y2 - 2013/08/03 ID - 15556 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forests of the Midwest and Northeast significantly define the character, culture, and economy of this large region but face an uncertain future as the climate continues to change. Forests vary widely across the region, and vulnerabilities are strongly influenced by regional differences in climate impacts and adaptive capacity. Not all forests are vulnerable; longer growing seasons and warmer temperatures will increase suitable habitat and biomass for many temperate species. Upland systems dominated by oak species generally have low vulnerability due to greater tolerance of hot and dry conditions, and some oak, hickory, and pine species are expected to become more competitive under hotter and physiologically drier conditions. However, changes in precipitation patterns, disturbance regimes, soil moisture, pest and disease outbreaks, and nonnative invasive species are expected to contribute forest vulnerability across the region. Northern, boreal, and montane forests have the greatest assessed vulnerability as many of their dominant tree species are projected to decline under warmer conditions. Coastal forests have high vulnerability, as sea level rise along the Atlantic coast increases damage from inundation, greater coastal erosion, flooding, and saltwater intrusion. Considering these potential forest vulnerabilities and opportunities is a critical step in making climate-informed decisions in long-term conservation planning. AU - Swanston, Chris AU - Brandt, Leslie A. AU - Janowiak, Maria K. AU - Handler, Stephen D. AU - Butler-Leopold, Patricia AU - Iverson, Louis AU - Thompson III, Frank R. AU - Ontl, Todd A. AU - Shannon, P. Danielle DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2065-2 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 103-116 ST - Vulnerability of forests of the Midwest and Northeast United States to climate change T2 - Climatic Change TI - Vulnerability of forests of the Midwest and Northeast United States to climate change VL - 146 ID - 25180 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Swanston, C. AU - Janowiak, M. CY - Newtown Square, PA DA - May 2012 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service PY - 2012 SP - 121 ST - Forest Adaptation Resources: Climate Change Tools and Approaches for Land Managers. General Technical Report NRS-87 TI - Forest Adaptation Resources: Climate Change Tools and Approaches for Land Managers. General Technical Report NRS-87 UR - http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/gtr/gtr_nrs87.pdf ID - 15557 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Swanston, Chris AU - Janowiak, Maria AU - Brandt, Leslie AU - Butler, Patricia AU - Handler, Stephen D. AU - Shannon, P. Danielle AU - Derby Lewis, Abigail AU - Hall, Kimbery AU - Fahey, Robert T. AU - Scott, Lydia AU - Kerber, Angela AU - Miesbauer, Jason W. AU - Darling, Lindsay CY - Newtown Square, PA NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-87-2 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station PY - 2016 SP - 161 ST - Forest Adaptation Resources: Climate Change Tools and Approaches for Land Managers, 2nd ed TI - Forest Adaptation Resources: Climate Change Tools and Approaches for Land Managers, 2nd ed UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/gtr/gtr_nrs87-2.pdf ID - 21278 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Swanston, Chris AU - Janowiak, Maria AU - Iverson, Louis AU - Parker, Linda AU - Mladenoff, David AU - Brandt, Leslie AU - Butler, Patricia AU - St. Pierre, Matt AU - Prasad, Anantha AU - Matthews, Stephen AU - Peters, Matthew AU - Higgins, Dale AU - Dorland, Avery CY - Newtown Square, PA NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-82 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station PY - 2011 SP - 142 ST - Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: A Report from the Climate Change Response Framework Project in Northern Wisconsin TI - Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: A Report from the Climate Change Response Framework Project in Northern Wisconsin UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/gtr/gtr_nrs82.pdf ID - 21277 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Uncertainty remains about whether current rates of forest carbon uptake will be maintained with on-going climate change and increasing rates of disturbance. The potential exists for climate and disturbance to exceed the physiological tolerances of certain tree species and push forest ecosystems to a point where they become C sources. Thus, a diversity of tree species with a range of physiological tolerances could provide adaptive capacity and potentially sustain a C sink despite adverse abiotic influences. The fire-prone pine forests of the southeastern USA have been impacted by a combination of land use and fire exclusion, which has altered the demographics and composition of these historically diverse forests. We sought to quantify how prescribed fire and planting of climate-resilient tree species would alter forest carbon dynamics under projected climate change at Fort Benning, Georgia. This landscape is comprised of a diversity of forest types with a range of land-use histories and is heavily managed to meet military training objectives and federally listed species habitat requirements. We used a simulation approach to determine species-specific growth responses to projected climate and develop two management scenarios: no-management and prescribed fire coupled with planting. We ran landscape simulations of these two management scenarios under climate projections from ten global climate models to quantify how active management would alter forest carbon dynamics as a function of changing climate and wildfire. We found that the prescribed fire and plant scenario increased total ecosystem carbon (TEC) over our no-management scenario by over 20 Mg C/m2 by late century. Despite the differences in TEC, differences in net ecosystem exchange were not realized over the entire simulation. The primary drivers of TEC differences were sustained carbon uptake and lower carbon loss to wildfire in the prescribed fire and plant scenario. Our results demonstrate that under projected climate, managing to reduce the impacts of fire and planting climate-adapted species can increase the mitigation potential of these forests. AU - Swanteson-Franz, Rachel J. AU - Krofcheck, Daniel J. AU - Hurteau, Matthew D. DO - 10.1002/ecs2.2191 IS - 4 PY - 2018 SP - e02191 ST - Quantifying forest carbon dynamics as a function of tree species composition and management under projected climate T2 - Ecosphere TI - Quantifying forest carbon dynamics as a function of tree species composition and management under projected climate VL - 9 ID - 26300 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sweet, William AU - Dusek, Greg AU - Obeysekera, Jayantha AU - Marra, John J. CY - Silver Spring, MD NV - NOAA Technical Report NOS CO-OPS 086 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service PY - 2018 SP - 44 ST - Patterns and Projections of High Tide Flooding Along the U.S. Coastline Using a Common Impact Threshold TI - Patterns and Projections of High Tide Flooding Along the U.S. Coastline Using a Common Impact Threshold UR - https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/techrpt86_PaP_of_HTFlooding.pdf ID - 25421 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sweet, William AU - Park, Joseph AU - Marra, John AU - Zervas, Chris AU - Gill, Stephen CY - Silver Spring, MD DA - June 2014 NV - NOAA Technical Report NOS CO-OPS 073 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service PY - 2014 SP - 58 ST - Sea Level Rise and Nuisance Flood Frequency Changes Around the United States TI - Sea Level Rise and Nuisance Flood Frequency Changes Around the United States UR - http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/NOAA_Technical_Report_NOS_COOPS_073.pdf ID - 19061 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Sweet, W.V. AU - Horton, R. AU - Kopp, R.E. AU - LeGrande, A.N. AU - Romanou, A. C4 - 3bae2310-7572-47e2-99a4-9e4276764934 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J0VM49F2 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 12 SP - 333-363 ST - Sea level rise T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Sea level rise ID - 21570 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sweet, W.V. AU - Kopp, R.E. AU - Weaver, C.P. AU - Obeysekera, J. AU - Horton, R.M. AU - Thieler, E.R. AU - Zervas, C. CY - Silver Spring, MD NV - NOAA Tech. Rep. NOS CO-OPS 083 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service PY - 2017 SP - 75 ST - Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States TI - Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States UR - https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/techrpt83_Global_and_Regional_SLR_Scenarios_for_the_US_final.pdf ID - 20608 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sweet, William V. AU - Marra, John J. PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2016 SP - 5 ST - 2015 State of U.S. Nuisance Tidal Flooding. Supplement to State of the Climate: National Overview for May 2016 TI - 2015 State of U.S. Nuisance Tidal Flooding. Supplement to State of the Climate: National Overview for May 2016 UR - http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-content/sotc/national/2016/may/sweet-marra-nuisance-flooding-2015.pdf ID - 20609 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Sweet, William V. AU - Marra, John J. AU - Gregory Dusek PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information PY - 2017 SP - 8 ST - 2016 State of U.S. High Tide Flooding and a 2017 Outlook. Supplement to State of the Climate: National Overview for June 2017 TI - 2016 State of U.S. High Tide Flooding and a 2017 Outlook. Supplement to State of the Climate: National Overview for June 2017 UR - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-content/sotc/national/2017/may/2016_StateofHighTideFlooding.pdf ID - 24384 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sweet, William V. AU - Park, Joseph DO - 10.1002/2014EF000272 IS - 12 KW - sea level rise coastal inundation nuisance flooding 1641 Sea level change 1630 Impacts of global change PY - 2014 SN - 2328-4277 SP - 579-600 ST - From the extreme to the mean: Acceleration and tipping points of coastal inundation from sea level rise T2 - Earth’s Future TI - From the extreme to the mean: Acceleration and tipping points of coastal inundation from sea level rise VL - 2 ID - 19458 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sweet, William V. AU - Park, Joseph AU - Gill, Stephen AU - Marra, John DO - 10.1002/2015GL066030 IS - 21 KW - tide gauge water levels waves 4594 Instruments and techniques 4556 Sea level: variations and mean 4560 Surface waves and tides PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 9355-9361 ST - New ways to measure waves and their effects at NOAA tide gauges: A Hawaiian-network perspective T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - New ways to measure waves and their effects at NOAA tide gauges: A Hawaiian-network perspective VL - 42 ID - 19990 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sweet, W.V. AU - Zervas, C. AU - Gill, S. AU - Park, J. DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00085.1 PY - 2013 SN - 1520-0477 SP - S17-S20 ST - Hurricane Sandy inundation probabilities of today and tomorrow [in “Explaining Extreme Events of 2012 from a Climate Perspective”] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Hurricane Sandy inundation probabilities of today and tomorrow [in “Explaining Extreme Events of 2012 from a Climate Perspective”] VL - 94 (9) ID - 19989 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Swiney, Katherine M. AU - Long, William Christopher AU - Foy, Robert J. DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsv201 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 825-835 ST - Effects of high pCO2 on Tanner crab reproduction and early life history—Part I: Long-term exposure reduces hatching success and female calcification, and alters embryonic development T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Effects of high pCO2 on Tanner crab reproduction and early life history—Part I: Long-term exposure reduces hatching success and female calcification, and alters embryonic development VL - 73 ID - 22299 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Swiss Re CY - Zurich, Switzerland NV - Sigma 2/2013 PB - Swiss Re PY - 2013 SP - 39 ST - Natural Catastrophes and Man-Made Disasters in 2012: A Year of Extreme Weather Events in the US TI - Natural Catastrophes and Man-Made Disasters in 2012: A Year of Extreme Weather Events in the US UR - http://institute.swissre.com/research/overview/sigma/2_2013.html ID - 23994 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Symstad, Amy AU - Miller, Brian AU - Fisichelli, Nicholas AU - Schuurman, Gregor AU - Koslow, Melinda AU - Ray, Andrea AU - Friedman, Jonathan AU - Rowland, Erika CY - Jamestown, NC DO - 10.13140/RG.2.1.1279.0648 PB - USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center PY - 2015 SP - 9 ST - Scaling Climate Change Adaptation in the Northern Great Plains Through Regional Climate Summaries and Local Qualitative–Quantitative Scenario Planning Workshops TI - Scaling Climate Change Adaptation in the Northern Great Plains Through Regional Climate Summaries and Local Qualitative–Quantitative Scenario Planning Workshops ID - 21654 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Syvitski, James P. M. AU - Kettner, Albert J. AU - Overeem, Irina AU - Hutton, Eric W. H. AU - Hannon, Mark T. AU - Brakenridge, G. Robert AU - Day, John AU - Vörösmarty, Charles AU - Saito, Yoshiki AU - Giosan, Liviu AU - Nicholls, Robert J. DA - 09/20/online DO - 10.1038/ngeo629 PY - 2009 SP - 681-686 ST - Sinking deltas due to human activities T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Sinking deltas due to human activities VL - 2 ID - 23992 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Cincotta, R.P. A2 - Gorenflo, L.J. AU - Szlavecz, K AU - Warren, P.S. AU - Pickett, S.T.A. C4 - 7c940ebf-7e86-4421-b752-44af87504e32 CY - Berlin KW - urban urban ecosystem ecosystem services PB - Springer-Verlag PY - 2011 SP - 75-98 ST - Biodiversity in the urban landscape T2 - The Human Population: Its Influence on Biological Diversity TI - Biodiversity in the urban landscape ID - 22854 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Szymkowiak, Marysia AU - Himes-Cornell, Amber DA - 2018/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.01.014 PY - 2018 SN - 0964-5691 SP - 40-49 ST - Fisheries allocations for socioeconomic development: Lessons learned from the Western Alaska Community Development Quota (CDQ) program T2 - Ocean & Coastal Management TI - Fisheries allocations for socioeconomic development: Lessons learned from the Western Alaska Community Development Quota (CDQ) program VL - 155 ID - 25525 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to increase future temperatures, potentially resulting in reduced crop production in many key production regions. Research quantifying the complex relationship between weather variables and wheat yields is rapidly growing, and recent advances have used a variety of model specifications that differ in how temperature data are included in the statistical yield equation. A unique data set that combines Kansas wheat variety field trial outcomes for 1985–2013 with location-specific weather data is used to analyze the effect of weather on wheat yield using regression analysis. Our results indicate that the effect of temperature exposure varies across the September−May growing season. The largest drivers of yield loss are freezing temperatures in the Fall and extreme heat events in the Spring. We also find that the overall effect of warming on yields is negative, even after accounting for the benefits of reduced exposure to freezing temperatures. Our analysis indicates that there exists a tradeoff between average (mean) yield and ability to resist extreme heat across varieties. More-recently released varieties are less able to resist heat than older lines. Our results also indicate that warming effects would be partially offset by increased rainfall in the Spring. Finally, we find that the method used to construct measures of temperature exposure matters for both the predictive performance of the regression model and the forecasted warming impacts on yields. AU - Tack, Jesse AU - Barkley, Andrew AU - Nalley, Lawton Lanier DA - June 2, 2015 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1415181112 IS - 22 PY - 2015 SP - 6931-6936 ST - Effect of warming temperatures on US wheat yields T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Effect of warming temperatures on US wheat yields VL - 112 ID - 23582 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tai, Amos P. K. AU - Mickley, Loretta J. AU - Jacob, Daniel J. DA - 2010/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.060 IS - 32 KW - PM Climate change Meteorology Multiple linear regression Stagnation PY - 2010 SN - 1352-2310 SP - 3976-3984 ST - Correlations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and meteorological variables in the United States: Implications for the sensitivity of PM2.5 to climate change T2 - Atmospheric Environment TI - Correlations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and meteorological variables in the United States: Implications for the sensitivity of PM2.5 to climate change VL - 44 ID - 24237 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tai, A. P. K. AU - Mickley, L. J. AU - Jacob, D. J. DO - 10.5194/acp-12-11329-2012 IS - 23 LA - English PY - 2012 SP - 11329-11337 ST - Impact of 2000–2050 climate change on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality inferred from a multi-model analysis of meteorological modes T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Impact of 2000–2050 climate change on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality inferred from a multi-model analysis of meteorological modes VL - 12 ID - 18923 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Effects of climate change on the worst case scenario of a storm surge induced by a super typhoon in the present climate are investigated through the case study of Typhoon Haiyan. We present the results of our investigation on super-typhoon Haiyan by using a super high resolution (1 km grid) regional model that explicitly handles cloud microphysical processes. As the parent model, we adopted the operational weekly ensemble experiments (60 km grid) of the Japan Meteorological Agency, and compared experiments using sea surface temperatures and atmospheric environmental parameters from before the beginning of anthropogenic climate change (150 years ago) with those using observed values throughout the typhoon. We were able not only to represent the typhoon’s intensity but also to evaluate the influences of climate change on worst case storm surges in the Gulf of Leyte due to a typhoon with high robustness. In 15 of 16 ensemble experiments, the intensity of the simulated worst case storm in the actual conditions was stronger than that in a hypothetical natural condition without historical anthropogenic forcing during the past 150 years. The intensity of the typhoon is translated to a disaster metric by simulating the storm surge height by using a shallow-water long-wave model. The result indicates that the worst case scenario of a storm surge in the Gulf of Leyte may be worse by 20%, though changes in frequency of such events are not accounted for here. AU - Takayabu, Izuru AU - Hibino, Kenshi AU - Sasaki, Hidetaka AU - Shiogama, Hideo AU - Mori, Nobuhito AU - Shibutani, Yoko AU - Takemi, Tetsuya DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/6/064011 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 064011 ST - Climate change effects on the worst-case storm surge: A case study of Typhoon Haiyan T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Climate change effects on the worst-case storm surge: A case study of Typhoon Haiyan VL - 10 ID - 25771 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Singh, Vijay P. A2 - Xu, Y. Jun AU - Takle, Eugene S. AU - Anderson, Chris AU - Jha, Manoj AU - Gassman, Philip W. C4 - 08a5617e-0a70-464a-acca-2fa167c19980 CY - Highlands Ranch, CO PB - Water Resources Publications LLC PY - 2006 SN - ISBN-13: 978-1-887201-46-9 ISBN-10: 1-887201-46-7 SP - 135-142 ST - Upper Mississippi River Basin Modeling Systems Part 4: Climate change impacts on flow and water quality T2 - Coastal Hydrology and Processes TI - Upper Mississippi River Basin Modeling Systems Part 4: Climate change impacts on flow and water quality ID - 25924 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Takle, Eugene S. Takle AU - Gustafson, David AU - Beachy, Roger AU - Nelson, Gerald C. AU - Mason-D’Croz, Daniel AU - Palazzo, Amanda DO - 10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2013-34 IS - 2013-34 PY - 2013 SP - 1-41 ST - US food security and climate change: Agricultural futures T2 - Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal TI - US food security and climate change: Agricultural futures VL - 7 ID - 21234 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Talati, Shuchi AU - Zhai, Haibo AU - Kyle, G. Page AU - Morgan, M. Granger AU - Patel, Pralit AU - Liu, Lu DA - 2016/11/15 DO - 10.1021/acs.est.6b01389 IS - 22 PY - 2016 SN - 0013-936X SP - 12095-12104 ST - Consumptive water use from electricity generation in the Southwest under alternative climate, technology, and policy futures T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Consumptive water use from electricity generation in the Southwest under alternative climate, technology, and policy futures VL - 50 ID - 23868 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Sparrow, Michael A2 - Chapman, Piers A2 - Gould, John AU - Talley, Lynne D. C4 - 4ef3eb98-3ce7-4c94-8b1b-9a09ee951bfd CY - Southampton, UK DO - 10.21976/C6WC77 PB - International WOCE Project Office PY - 2007 SN - 0-904175-54-5 SP - 327 ST - Hydrographic Atlas of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). Volume 2: Pacific Ocean TI - Hydrographic Atlas of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). Volume 2: Pacific Ocean ID - 23330 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Talley, Wayne K. AU - Ng, ManWo DA - 2017/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.12.026 KW - Hinterland transport Seaport Dry port Inland port Intermodal Supply chain PY - 2017 SN - 0925-5273 SP - 175-179 ST - Hinterland transport chains: Determinant effects on chain choice T2 - International Journal of Production Economics TI - Hinterland transport chains: Determinant effects on chain choice VL - 185 ID - 23991 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Numerous studies have shown that precipitation has a significant impact on motor vehicle crashes. Hourly weather radar data with a 4-km resolution and over 600 000 crashes from 2002 to 2012 in Iowa are used to assess the effects of precipitation on motor vehicle crashes. Using a matched pairs analysis, this study finds that the relative accident risk (RAR) across the state during the study period was 1.69 [1.66, 1.71]. However, RAR increased to as high as 3.7 [3.6, 4.0] and as low as 1.1 [1.0, 1.2] for frozen and liquid precipitation types, respectively. RAR also varied significantly by hour of the day, with RAR near 2 in the late afternoon and 1.3 during the early morning hours, suggesting an interaction effect between precipitation and traffic volume and/or density on crash risk. The study also shows that interstates and major highways tend to have higher RAR than smaller roads, and it was able to identify locations that are particularly sensitive to precipitation with regard to crashes. This study can be used to inform future studies on the effects of weather and climate change on crashes. AU - Tamerius, J. D. AU - Zhou, X. AU - Mantilla, R. AU - Greenfield-Huitt, T. DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-16-0009.1 IS - 4 KW - Geographic location/entity,North America,Observational techniques and algorithms,Radars/Radar observations,Applications,Geographic information systems (GIS),Local effects,Societal impacts,Transportation meteorology PY - 2016 SP - 399-407 ST - Precipitation effects on motor vehicle crashes vary by space, time, and environmental conditions T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Precipitation effects on motor vehicle crashes vary by space, time, and environmental conditions VL - 8 ID - 24565 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Tamiotti, Ludivine AU - Teh, Robert AU - Kulaçoğlu, Vesile AU - Olhoff, Anne AU - Simmons, Benjamin AU - Abaza, Hussein CY - Switzerland N1 - WTO ISBN: 978-92-870-3522-6 PB - World Trade Organization Secretariat PY - 2009 RP - WTO ISBN: 978-92-870-3522-6 SP - 166 ST - Trade and Climate Change. WTO-UNEP Report TI - Trade and Climate Change. WTO-UNEP Report UR - https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/trade_climate_change_e.pdf ID - 22121 ER - TY - WEB AU - Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council CY - Tampa Bay, FL PB - Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council PY - 2017 ST - [web site] TI - [web site] UR - http://www.tbrpc.org/index.shtml ID - 23989 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Tampa Bay Water M1 - November 4 PY - 2014 ST - Tampa Bay Water Hosts Florida Water and Climate Alliance Workshop TI - Tampa Bay Water Hosts Florida Water and Climate Alliance Workshop UR - https://www.tampabaywater.org/newsroom/agency-news/tampa-bay-water-hosts-florida-water-and-climate-alliance-workshop ID - 24448 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tang, Qiuhong AU - Zhang, Xuejun AU - Francis, Jennifer A. DA - 01//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2065 IS - 1 M3 - Letter PY - 2014 SN - 1758-678X SP - 45-50 ST - Extreme summer weather in northern mid-latitudes linked to a vanishing cryosphere T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Extreme summer weather in northern mid-latitudes linked to a vanishing cryosphere VL - 4 ID - 20114 ER - TY - MULTI AU - Tans, P. AU - Keeling, R. C1 - 2017 CY - Boulder, CO PB - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory PY - 2017 ST - Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. Annual Mean Growth Rate of CO2 at Mauna Loa. TI - Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. Annual Mean Growth Rate of CO2 at Mauna Loa. UR - https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/gr.html ID - 21021 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tape, Ken D. AU - Christie, Katie AU - Carroll, Geoff AU - O'Donnell, Jonathan A. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13058 IS - 1 KW - herbivores Lepus americanus moose riparian shrub expansion streamflow tundra warming PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 208-219 ST - Novel wildlife in the Arctic: The influence of changing riparian ecosystems and shrub habitat expansion on snowshoe hares T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Novel wildlife in the Arctic: The influence of changing riparian ecosystems and shrub habitat expansion on snowshoe hares VL - 22 ID - 22300 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tape, Ken D. AU - Gustine, David D. AU - Ruess, Roger W. AU - Adams, Layne G. AU - Clark, Jason A. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0152636 IS - 4 PY - 2016 SP - e0152636 ST - Range expansion of moose in Arctic Alaska linked to warming and increased shrub habitat T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Range expansion of moose in Arctic Alaska linked to warming and increased shrub habitat VL - 11 ID - 22301 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tape, K. E. N. AU - Sturm, Matthew AU - Racine, Charles DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01128.x IS - 4 KW - arctic climate change greening shrubs tundra PY - 2006 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 686-702 ST - The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic T2 - Global Change Biology TI - The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic VL - 12 ID - 22302 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tarnocai, C. AU - Canadell, J. G. AU - Schuur, E. A. G. AU - Kuhry, P. AU - Mazhitova, G. AU - Zimov, S. DO - 10.1029/2008GB003327 IS - 2 KW - carbon content carbon-climate feedback carbon pools climate change peatlands permafrost soils 0486 Soils/pedology 0702 Permafrost 0712 Cryosol 1621 Cryospheric change 9315 Arctic region PY - 2009 SN - 1944-9224 SP - GB2023 ST - Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region VL - 23 ID - 20807 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tarroja, Brian AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Samuelsen, Scott DA - 2016/09/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.131 KW - Hydropower Hydroelectricity Climate change Greenhouse gas emissions Electric grid PY - 2016 SN - 0360-5442 SP - 295-305 ST - Quantifying climate change impacts on hydropower generation and implications on electric grid greenhouse gas emissions and operation T2 - Energy TI - Quantifying climate change impacts on hydropower generation and implications on electric grid greenhouse gas emissions and operation VL - 111 ID - 23869 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tarroja, Brian AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Sobhani, Reza AU - Feldman, David AU - Jiang, Sunny AU - Samuelsen, Scott DA - 11/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.060 KW - Water-energy nexus Climate change Securing water resources Conservation Water reuse Desalination PY - 2014 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 697-710 ST - Evaluating options for balancing the water-electricity nexus in California: Part 1—Securing water availability T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Evaluating options for balancing the water-electricity nexus in California: Part 1—Securing water availability VL - 497–498 ID - 21400 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tarroja, Brian AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Sobhani, Reza AU - Feldman, David AU - Jiang, Sunny AU - Samuelsen, Scott DA - 2014/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.071 KW - Water–energy nexus Climate change Renewable energy Greenhouse gas Securing water resources California PY - 2014 SN - 0048-9697 SP - 711-724 ST - Evaluating options for balancing the water–electricity nexus in California: Part 2—Greenhouse gas and renewable energy utilization impacts T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Evaluating options for balancing the water–electricity nexus in California: Part 2—Greenhouse gas and renewable energy utilization impacts VL - 497 ID - 21401 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures CY - New York, NY PB - Financial Stability Board PY - 2016 SP - 82 ST - Implementing the Recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures TI - Implementing the Recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures UR - https://www.fsb-tcfd.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/FINAL-TCFD-Annex-Amended-121517.pdf ID - 23038 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Task Force to Study the Impact of Ocean Acidification on State Waters CY - Annapolis, MD PB - The Task Force PY - 2015 SP - 46 ST - Report to the Governor and the Maryland General Assembly TI - Report to the Governor and the Maryland General Assembly ID - 21923 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Taub, Daniel R. IS - 10 PY - 2010 SP - 21 ST - Effects of rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide on plants T2 - Nature Education Knowledge TI - Effects of rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide on plants UR - https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/effects-of-rising-atmospheric-concentrations-of-carbon-13254108 VL - 3 ID - 26676 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During the 1984 cholera epidemic in Mali, 1793 cases and 406 deaths were reported, a death-to-case ratio of 23%. In four affected villages, the mean clinical attack rate was 17·5 and 29% of affected persons died. In 66% of cases the illness began more than 48 h after the village outbreak began, when supplies from outside the village were potentially available. Deaths occurred because patients failed to seek care or received only limited rehydration therapy when they did. Case-control studies identified two routes of transmission: drinking water from one well in a village outside the drought area, and eating left-over millet gruel in a droughtaffected village. Drought-related scarcity of curdled milk may permit millet gruel to be a vehicle for cholera. Cholera mortality in the Sahel could be greatly reduced by rapid intervention in affected villages, wide distribution of effective rehydration materials, and educating the population to seek treatment quickly. AU - Tauxe, Robert V. AU - Holmberg, Scott D. AU - Dodin, Andre AU - Wells, Joy V. AU - Blake, Paul A. DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/S0950268800067418 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 10/19 IS - 2 PY - 2009 SN - 0950-2688 SP - 279-289 ST - Epidemic cholera in Mali: High mortality and multiple routes of transmission in a famine area T2 - Epidemiology and Infection TI - Epidemic cholera in Mali: High mortality and multiple routes of transmission in a famine area VL - 100 ID - 23240 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tavakol-Davani, Hassan AU - Burian, Steven J. AU - Devkota, Jay AU - Apul, Defne DO - 10.1061/JSWBAY.0000805 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SP - 04015009 ST - Performance and cost-based comparison of green and gray infrastructure to control combined sewer overflows T2 - Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment TI - Performance and cost-based comparison of green and gray infrastructure to control combined sewer overflows UR - Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is being used more often today as a water supply and stormwater management green infrastructure (GI). In recent years, GIs in urban water engineering have gained attention due to their lower lifecycle costs—in both implementation and operation phases—rather than traditional gray approaches. The research described in the present paper compared implementation of RWH systems to gray approaches previously designed as a part of the long-term control plan (LTCP) for combined sewer overflow (CSO) control in Toledo, Ohio. RWH scenarios in this study were defined based on different system capacities and release policies, and then combined gray and green scenarios were analyzed according to their hydrologic performance and cost. This study employed long-term continuous hydrologic and hydraulic (H&H) simulations as well as lifecycle cost (LCC) analysis techniques. The results showed that greening the LTCP via RWH could improve the lifecycle cost-effectiveness by 48%. The captured rainwater was considered to supply toilet flushing water demand in buildings. VL - 2 ID - 26612 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tavakol-Davani, Hessam AU - Goharian, Erfan AU - Hansen, Carly H. AU - Tavakol-Davani, Hassan AU - Apul, Defne AU - Burian, Steven J. DA - 2016/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.scs.2016.07.003 KW - Change factor Climate change Combined sewer overflow Hydrologic-hydraulic modeling Rainwater harvesting PY - 2016 SN - 2210-6707 SP - 430-438 ST - How does climate change affect combined sewer overflow in a system benefiting from rainwater harvesting systems? T2 - Sustainable Cities and Society TI - How does climate change affect combined sewer overflow in a system benefiting from rainwater harvesting systems? VL - 27 ID - 26613 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tavernia, Brian G. AU - Nelson, Mark D. AU - Caldwell, Peter AU - Sun, Ge DO - 10.1111/jawr.12075 IS - 4 KW - fish climate variability/change surface water hydrology land-use/land-cover change planning water supply water use water stress GIS PY - 2013 SN - 1752-1688 SP - 938-952 ST - Water stress projections for the northeastern and midwestern United States in 2060: Anthropogenic and ecological consequences T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - Water stress projections for the northeastern and midwestern United States in 2060: Anthropogenic and ecological consequences VL - 49 ID - 21705 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tayleur, Catherine AU - Caplat, Paul AU - Massimino, Dario AU - Johnston, Alison AU - Jonzén, Niclas AU - Smith, Henrik G. AU - Lindström, Åke DO - 10.1111/geb.12308 IS - 7 KW - Climate change climate tracking niche modelling range margins species distributions PY - 2015 SN - 1466-8238 SP - 859-872 ST - Swedish birds are tracking temperature but not rainfall: Evidence from a decade of abundance changes T2 - Global Ecology and Biogeography TI - Swedish birds are tracking temperature but not rainfall: Evidence from a decade of abundance changes VL - 24 ID - 21950 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Taylor, Janis L. AU - Acevedo, William AU - Auch, Roger F. AU - Drummond, Mark A. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/pp1794B N1 - ISBN: 978-1-4113-3934-7 NV - USGS Professional Paper 1794-B PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2015 RP - ISBN: 978-1-4113-3934-7 SP - 179 ST - Status and Trends of Land Change in the Great Plains of the United States—1973 to 2000 TI - Status and Trends of Land Change in the Great Plains of the United States—1973 to 2000 ID - 22651 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Taylor, K.E. AU - Stouffer, R.J. AU - Meehl, G.A. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1 IS - 4 PY - 2012 SN - 0003-0007 SP - 485-498 ST - An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design VL - 93 ID - 15580 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Cities concentrate risks and the adverse effects of dense populations, such as outdoor air pollution, chronic disease and the impact of extreme weather events. Governments and planning bodies struggle to heed and apply the abundance of unintegrated research that links aspects of the urban environment with urban residents’ wellbeing. In order to promote human wellbeing in cities, a number of key features of the urban environment should be promoted. The medical science, urban ecology and urban design research already recognises the importance of some aspects, including providing walkable spaces, community space and greenspace. We argue that in practice, the provision of these three features is insufficient for human wellbeing. Emerging research demonstrates the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem functions to wellbeing. This paper outlines the concept of wellbeing and provides a of the three established features of urban environments that enhance residents’ lives: the provision of walkable, community and greenspace. We then outline the importance of two vital but often overlooked links in the discussion of how urban planning contributes to wellbeing: biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Until governments and policies recognise the importance of these two elements, urban design and management for wellbeing is at best simplistic. It is important for biodiversity and ecosystem function to be considered during the design decision process. Urban designers and ecologists should recognise that their work has the potential to contribute to human wellbeing by integrating biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in their research. AU - Taylor, Lucy AU - Hochuli, Dieter F. DO - 10.1007/s11252-014-0427-3 IS - 3 KW - urban urban ecosystem ecosystem services health M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1642 SP - 747-762 ST - Creating better cities: How biodiversity and ecosystem functioning enhance urban residents’ wellbeing T2 - Urban Ecosystems TI - Creating better cities: How biodiversity and ecosystem functioning enhance urban residents’ wellbeing VL - 18 ID - 22855 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Taylor, Lyla L. AU - Quirk, Joe AU - Thorley, Rachel M. S. AU - Kharecha, Pushker A. AU - Hansen, James AU - Ridgwell, Andy AU - Lomas, Mark R. AU - Banwart, Steve A. AU - Beerling, David J. DA - 12/14/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2882 PY - 2016 SP - 402-406 ST - Enhanced weathering strategies for stabilizing climate and averting ocean acidification T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Enhanced weathering strategies for stabilizing climate and averting ocean acidification VL - 6 ID - 24463 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Taylor, Mary AU - McGregor, Andrew AU - Dawson, Brain CY - Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia DA - 2016 PB - Pacific Community (SPC) PY - 2016 SN - 978-982-00-0882-3 SP - 559 ST - Vulnerability of Pacific Island Agriculture and Forestry to Climate Change TI - Vulnerability of Pacific Island Agriculture and Forestry to Climate Change UR - http://www.pacificfarmers.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Vulnerability-of-Pacific-Island-agriculture-and-forestry-to-climate-change.pdf Y2 - 2017/06/06/ ID - 22369 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A 10-member ensemble from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is used to analyze the Caribbean’s future climate when mean global surface air temperatures are 1.5°, 2.0°, and 2.5°C above preindustrial (1861–1900) values. The global warming targets are attained by the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s respectively for RCP4.5. The Caribbean on average exhibits smaller mean surface air temperature increases than the globe, although there are parts of the region that are always warmer than the global warming targets. In comparison to the present (using a 1971–2000 baseline), the Caribbean domain is 0.5° to 1.5°C warmer at the 1.5°C target, 5%–10% wetter except for the northeast and southeast Caribbean, which are drier, and experiences increases in annual warm spells of more than 100 days. At the 2.0°C target, there is additional warming by 0.2°–1.0°C, a further extension of warm spells by up to 70 days, a shift to a predominantly drier region (5%–15% less than present day), and a greater occurrence of droughts. The climate patterns at 2.5°C indicate an intensification of the changes seen at 2.0°C. The shift in the rainfall pattern between 1.5°C (wet) and 2.0°C (dry) for parts of the domain has implications for regional adaptation pursuits. The results provide some justification for the lobby by the Caribbean Community and Small Island Developing States to limit global warming to 1.5°C above preindustrial levels, as embodied in the slogan “1.5 to Stay Alive.” AU - Taylor, Michael A. AU - Clarke, Leonardo A. AU - Centella, Abel AU - Bezanilla, Arnoldo AU - Stephenson, Tannecia S. AU - Jones, Jhordanne J. AU - Campbell, Jayaka D. AU - Vichot, Alejandro AU - Charlery, John DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-17-0074.1 IS - 7 KW - Climate variability PY - 2018 SP - 2907-2926 ST - Future Caribbean climates in a world of rising temperatures: The 1.5 vs 2.0 dilemma T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Future Caribbean climates in a world of rising temperatures: The 1.5 vs 2.0 dilemma VL - 31 ID - 25239 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Taylor, Michael A. AU - Stephenson, Tannecia S. AU - Chen, A. Anthony AU - Stephenson, Kimberly A. DO - 10.1353/crb.2012.0020 IS - 2 PY - 2012 SP - 169-200 ST - Climate change and Caribbean: Review and response T2 - Caribbean Studies TI - Climate change and Caribbean: Review and response VL - 40 ID - 25098 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Polar surface temperatures are expected to warm 2–3 times faster than the global-mean surface temperature: a phenomenon referred to as polar warming amplification. Therefore, understanding the individual process contributions to the polar warming is critical to understanding global climate sensitivity. The Coupled Feedback Response Analysis Method (CFRAM) is applied to decompose the annual- and zonal-mean vertical temperature response within a transient 1% yr−1 CO2 increase simulation of the NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), into individual radiative and nonradiative climate feedback process contributions. The total transient annual-mean polar warming amplification (amplification factor) at the time of CO2 doubling is +2.12 (2.3) and +0.94 K (1.6) in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, respectively. Surface albedo feedback is the largest contributor to the annual-mean polar warming amplification accounting for +1.82 and +1.04 K in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, respectively. Net cloud feedback is found to be the second largest contributor to polar warming amplification (about +0.38 K in both hemispheres) and is driven by the enhanced downward longwave radiation to the surface resulting from increases in low polar water cloud. The external forcing and atmospheric dynamic transport also contribute positively to polar warming amplification: +0.29 and +0.32 K, respectively. Water vapor feedback contributes negatively to polar warming amplification because its induced surface warming is stronger in low latitudes. Ocean heat transport storage and surface turbulent flux feedbacks also contribute negatively to polar warming amplification. Ocean heat transport and storage terms play an important role in reducing the warming over the Southern Ocean and Northern Atlantic Ocean. AU - Taylor, Patrick C. AU - Cai, Ming AU - Hu, Aixue AU - Meehl, Jerry AU - Washington, Warren AU - Zhang, Guang J. DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00696.1 IS - 18 KW - Climate change,Climate sensitivity,Feedback,Forcing PY - 2013 SP - 7023-7043 ST - A decomposition of feedback contributions to polar warming amplification T2 - Journal of Climate TI - A decomposition of feedback contributions to polar warming amplification VL - 26 ID - 19883 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Taylor, P.C. AU - Maslowski, W. AU - Perlwitz, J. AU - Wuebbles, D.J. C4 - 61d6757d-3f7a-4e90-add7-b03de796c6c4 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J00863GK PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 11 SP - 303-332 ST - Arctic changes and their effects on Alaska and the rest of the United States T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Arctic changes and their effects on Alaska and the rest of the United States ID - 21569 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Taylor, R.G. AU - Scanlon, B. AU - Döll, P. AU - Rodell, M. AU - van Beek, R. AU - Wada, Y. AU - Longuevergne, L. AU - Leblanc, M. AU - Famiglietti, J.S. AU - Edmunds, M. AU - Konikow, Leonard AU - Green, Timothy R. AU - Chen, Jianyao AU - Taniguchi, Makoto AU - Bierkens, Marc F. P. AU - MacDonald, Alan AU - Fan, Ying AU - Maxwell, Reed M. AU - Yechieli, Yossi AU - Gurdak, Jason J. AU - Allen, Diana M. AU - Shamsudduha, Mohammad AU - Hiscock, Kevin AU - Yeh, Pat J.-F. AU - Holman, Ian AU - Treidel, Holger C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/nclimate1744 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SP - 322-329 ST - Ground water and climate change T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Ground water and climate change VL - 3 ID - 15581 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Taylor, Rebecca L. AU - Udevitz, Mark S. DO - 10.1111/mms.12156 IS - 1 KW - Pacific Walrus Odobenus rosmarus divergens Bayesian hidden process model integrated population model survival reproduction population growth rate demography density dependence PY - 2015 SN - 1748-7692 SP - 231-254 ST - Demography of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens): 1974–2006 T2 - Marine Mammal Science TI - Demography of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens): 1974–2006 VL - 31 ID - 22303 ER - TY - RPRT AU - TCCP CY - Eugene, OR PB - Tribal Climate Change Profile (TCCP) Project, University of Oregon PY - 2013 SP - 6 ST - Tribal Climate Change Profile. Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians: Climate Change and Environmental Management Programs TI - Tribal Climate Change Profile. Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians: Climate Change and Environmental Management Programs UR - http://www7.nau.edu/itep/main/tcc/docs/tribes/tribes_Chumash.pdf ID - 23944 ER - TY - RPRT AU - TCFD CY - Basel, Switzerland PB - Financial Stability Board, Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) PY - 2016 SP - 66 ST - Draft Report: Recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures TI - Draft Report: Recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures UR - https://www.fsb-tcfd.org/publications/recommendations-report/ ID - 24166 ER - TY - RPRT AU - TCFD CY - Basel, Switzerland PB - Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) PY - 2017 SP - 66 ST - Final Report: Recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures TI - Final Report: Recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures UR - https://www.fsb-tcfd.org/publications/final-recommendations-report/ ID - 24165 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We assess the benefits of climate change mitigation for global maize and wheat production over the 21st century by comparing outcomes under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 as simulated by two large initial condition ensembles from NCAR’s Community Earth System Model. We use models of the relation between climate variables, CO2 concentrations, and yields built on observations and then project this relation on the basis of simulated future temperature and precipitation and CO2 trajectories under the two scenarios, for short (2021–2040), medium (2041–2060) and long (2061–2080) time horizons. We focus on projected mean yield impacts, chances of significant slowdowns in yield, and exposure to damaging heat during critical periods of the growing seasons, the last of which is not explicitly considered in yield impacts by most models, including ours. We find that substantial benefits from mitigation would be achieved throughout the 21st century for maize, in terms of reducing (1) the size of average yield impacts, with mean losses for maize under RCP8.5 reduced under RCP4.5 by about 25 %, 40 % and 50 % as the time horizon lengthens over the 21st century; (2) the risk of major slowdowns over a 10 or 20 year period, with maize chances under RCP4.5 being reduced up to ~75 % by the end of the century compared to those estimated under RCP8.5; and (3) exposure to critical or “lethal” heat extremes, with the number of extremely hot days under RCP8.5 roughly triple current levels by end of century, compared to a doubling for RCP4.5. For wheat, we project small or occasionally negative effects of mitigation for projected yields, because of stronger CO2 fertilization effects than in maize, but substantial benefits of mitigation remain in terms of exposure to extremely high temperatures. AU - Tebaldi, Claudia AU - Lobell, David DA - October 28 DO - 10.1007/s10584-015-1537-5 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1480 ST - Estimated impacts of emission reductions on wheat and maize crops T2 - Climatic Change TI - Estimated impacts of emission reductions on wheat and maize crops ID - 23583 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tebaldi, C. AU - Strauss, B.H. AU - Zervas, C.E. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/014032 IS - 1 PY - 2012 SP - 014032 ST - Modelling sea level rise impacts on storm surges along US coasts T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Modelling sea level rise impacts on storm surges along US coasts VL - 7 ID - 15583 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Using ensembles from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) under a high and a lower emission scenarios, we investigate changes in statistics of extreme daily temperature. The ensembles provide large samples for a robust application of extreme value theory. We estimate return values and return periods for annual maxima of the daily high and low temperatures as well as the 3-day averages of the same variables in current and future climate. Results indicate statistically significant increases (compared to the reference period of 1996–2005) in extreme temperatures over all land areas as early as 2025 under both scenarios, with statistically significant differences between them becoming pervasive over the globe by 2050. The substantially smaller changes, for all indices, produced under the lower emission case translate into sizeable benefits from emission mitigation: By 2075, in terms of reduced changes in 1-day heat extremes, about 95 % of land regions would see benefits of 1 °C or more under the lower emissions scenario, and 50 % or more of the land areas would benefit by at least 2 °C. 6 % of the land area would benefit by 3 °C or more in projected extreme minimum temperatures and 13 % would benefit by this amount for extreme maximum temperature. Benefits for 3-day metrics are similar. The future frequency of current extremes is also greatly reduced by mitigation: by the end of the century, under RCP8.5 more than half the land area experiences the current 20-year events every year while only between about 10 and 25 % of the area is affected by such severe changes under RCP4.5. AU - Tebaldi, Claudia AU - Wehner, Michael F. DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1605-5 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 1-13 ST - Benefits of mitigation for future heat extremes under RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5 T2 - Climatic Change TI - Benefits of mitigation for future heat extremes under RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5 VL - First online ID - 20060 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tedesco, M. AU - Doherty, S. AU - Fettweis, X. AU - Alexander, P. AU - Jeyaratnam, J. AU - Stroeve, J. DO - 10.5194/tc-10-477-2016 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SN - 1994-0424 SP - 477-496 ST - The darkening of the Greenland ice sheet: Trends, drivers, and projections (1981–2100) T2 - The Cryosphere TI - The darkening of the Greenland ice sheet: Trends, drivers, and projections (1981–2100) VL - 10 ID - 19992 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Temmerman, Stijn AU - Meire, Patrick AU - Bouma, Tjeerd J. AU - Herman, Peter M. J. AU - Ysebaert, Tom AU - De Vriend, Huib J. DA - 12/04/online DO - 10.1038/nature12859 PY - 2013 SP - 79-83 ST - Ecosystem-based coastal defence in the face of global change T2 - Nature TI - Ecosystem-based coastal defence in the face of global change VL - 504 ID - 25526 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Riley, Karin A2 - Webley, Peter A2 - Thompson, Matthew AB - Human‐caused climate change is predicted to affect the frequency of hazard‐linked extremes. Unusually large wildfires are a type of extreme event that is constrained by climate and can be a hazard to society but also an important ecological disturbance. This chapter focuses on changes in the frequency of extreme monthly area burned by wildfires for the end of the 21st century for a wildfire‐prone region in the southeast United States. Predicting changes in area burned is complicated by the large and varied uncertainties in how the climate will change and in the models used to predict those changes. The chapter characterizes and quantifies multiple sources of uncertainty and propagate the expanded prediction intervals of future area burned. It illustrates that while accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty in global change science problems is a difficult task, it will be necessary in order to properly assess the risk of increased exposure to these society‐relevant events. AU - Terando, Adam J. AU - Reich, Brian AU - Pacifici, Krishna AU - Costanza, Jennifer AU - McKerrow, Alexa AU - Collazo, Jaime A. C4 - f7c694dd-7e4f-4a29-be1b-1834614b3e14 DO - 10.1002/9781119028116.ch16 PB - American Geophysical Union PY - 2016 SN - 9781119028116 9781119027867 SP - 245-256 ST - Uncertainty quantification and propagation for projections of extremes in monthly area burned under climate change: A case study in the coastal plain of Georgia, USA SV - Geophysical Monograph Series 223 T2 - Natural Hazard Uncertainty Assessment: Modeling and Decision Support TI - Uncertainty quantification and propagation for projections of extremes in monthly area burned under climate change: A case study in the coastal plain of Georgia, USA ID - 25181 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Terenzi, John AU - Jorgenson, M. Torre AU - Ely, Craig R. AU - Giguére, Nicole C1 - Full publication date: SEPTEMBER 2014 IS - 3 PY - 2014 SN - 00040843 SP - 360-374 ST - Storm-surge flooding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta, Alaska T2 - Arctic TI - Storm-surge flooding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta, Alaska UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/24363780 VL - 67 ID - 22304 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A category 5 tropical cyclone swept a storm surge across remote Pukapuka Atoll in the Northern Cook Islands (South Pacific Ocean) in late February 2005. Groundwater salinity (specific conductance) observations are reported for the 2-year post-storm period, with the aim of investigating the effects of saltwater intrusion on thin freshwater lenses within the atoll islets. This is the first article to present field observations of such an event. Specific conductance at shallow depths increased dramatically from potable conditions (approximately 1,000 μS/cm) to brackish levels unsuitable for drinking (up to 10,000 μS/cm) shortly after the cyclone. Subsequently, the freshwater lenses required 11 months to recover. Within the thickest aquifer, a well-defined saline plume formed at 6 m depth, sandwiching a freshwater layer beneath it and the base of the lens. Plume dispersal proceeded only gradually, owing to its formation at the start of the SW Pacific regional dry season and the low tidal range on Pukapuka. Consequently, the remnant of the plume was still present 26 months after the saltwater incursion. An important finding was that the freshwater horizon preserved at depth maintained salinity levels below 1,800 μS/cm (i.e. within usable limits) for at least 5 months after surface overwash. AU - Terry, James P. AU - Falkland, Anthony C. DA - 2010/05/01/ DO - 10.1007/s10040-009-0544-x DP - link.springer.com IS - 3 LA - en PY - 2010 SN - 1431-2174, 1435-0157 SP - 749-759 ST - Responses of atoll freshwater lenses to storm-surge overwash in the Northern Cook Islands T2 - Hydrogeology Journal TI - Responses of atoll freshwater lenses to storm-surge overwash in the Northern Cook Islands VL - 18 Y2 - 2017/09/25/23:02:28 ID - 22525 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Testa, Jeremy M. AU - Li, Yun AU - Lee, Younjoo J. AU - Li, Ming AU - Brady, Damian C. AU - Di Toro, Dominic M. AU - Kemp, W. Michael AU - Fitzpatrick, James J. DA - 2014/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.05.018 KW - Oxygen Modeling ROMS Chesapeake Bay Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbon PY - 2014 SN - 0924-7963 SP - 139-158 ST - Quantifying the effects of nutrient loading on dissolved O2 cycling and hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay using a coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model T2 - Journal of Marine Systems TI - Quantifying the effects of nutrient loading on dissolved O2 cycling and hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay using a coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model VL - 139 ID - 23584 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Texas A&M Forest Service DA - Sept. 25 PY - 2012 ST - Texas A&M Forest Service survey shows 301 million trees killed by drought T2 - Newsroom TI - Texas A&M Forest Service survey shows 301 million trees killed by drought UR - http://tfsweb.tamu.edu/content/article.aspx?id=27436 ID - 25189 ER - TY - WEB AU - Texas Department of State Health Services CY - Austin PB - Texas Department of State Health Services PY - 2018 ST - Diabetes Data: Surveillance and Evaluation [web site] TI - Diabetes Data: Surveillance and Evaluation [web site] UR - https://www.dshs.texas.gov/diabetes/tdcdata.shtm ID - 25811 ER - TY - WEB AU - Texas Field Office PB - USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service PY - 2018 ST - Texas Rice County Estimates TI - Texas Rice County Estimates UR - https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Texas/Publications/County_Estimates/ce_tables/cerice0.php ID - 25817 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Texas General Land Office CY - Austin PY - 2017 SP - 185 ST - Texas Coastal Resiliency Master Plan TI - Texas Coastal Resiliency Master Plan UR - http://www.glo.texas.gov/coastal-grants/projects/files/Master-Plan.pdf ID - 25812 ER - TY - WEB AU - Texas General Land Office CY - Austin, TX PB - Texas General Land Office PY - 2018 ST - Recovery: Disasters: Floods [web page] TI - Recovery: Disasters: Floods [web page] UR - http://www.glo.texas.gov/recovery/disasters/floods/index.html ID - 26048 ER - TY - PRESS AU - Texas Parks & Wildlife CY - Athens, TX DA - June 12 PY - 2012 ST - News Release: Texas Fish Hatcheries Serve as Refuges for Imperiled Species TI - News Release: Texas Fish Hatcheries Serve as Refuges for Imperiled Species UR - https://tpwd.texas.gov/newsmedia/releases/?req=20120612a ID - 25813 ER - TY - WEB AU - Texas Water Development Board CY - Austin, TX PB - State of Texas PY - 2012 ST - Texas State Water Plan TI - Texas State Water Plan UR - http://www.twdb.state.tx.us/waterplanning/swp/2012/ VL - 2012 ID - 15590 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Texas Water Development Board CY - Austin PY - 2016 SP - 2 ST - Desalination: Brackish Groundwater [online fact sheet] TI - Desalination: Brackish Groundwater [online fact sheet] UR - http://www.twdb.texas.gov/publications/shells/Desal_Brackish.pdf ID - 25815 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Texas Water Development Board CY - Austin, TX PY - 2017 SP - 133 ST - 2017 State Water Plan: Water for Texas TI - 2017 State Water Plan: Water for Texas UR - http://www.twdb.texas.gov/waterplanning/swp/2017/doc/SWP17-Water-for-Texas.pdf ID - 25814 ER - TY - WEB AU - Texas Water Development Board CY - Austin, TX M1 - 03 March 2018 PY - 2017 ST - Public Water Supply Desalination Plant Capacities [infographic] TI - Public Water Supply Desalination Plant Capacities [infographic] UR - https://www.twdb.texas.gov/innovativewater/desal/doc/maps/DesalCap_20170925.pdf?d=12553.399999975227 ID - 26290 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Dentener, Frank A2 - Keating, Terry A2 - Akmoto, Hajime AU - TFHTAP CY - Geneva PB - United Nations, Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TFHTAP) PY - 2010 SN - Air Pollution Studies No. 17 SP - 278 ST - Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010 Part A: Ozone and Particulate Matter TI - Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010 Part A: Ozone and Particulate Matter UR - http://www.htap.org/publications/2010_report/2010_Final_Report/HTAP%202010%20Part%20A%20110407.pdf ID - 25145 ER - TY - RPRT AU - THA PB - Texas Hospital Association (THA) PY - 2018 SP - 8 ST - Texas Hospital Association Hurricane Harvey Analysis: Texas Hospitals’ Preparation Strategies and Priorities for Future Disaster Response TI - Texas Hospital Association Hurricane Harvey Analysis: Texas Hospitals’ Preparation Strategies and Priorities for Future Disaster Response UR - https://www.tha.org/Harvey ID - 25308 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thackeray, Stephen J. AU - Henrys, Peter A. AU - Hemming, Deborah AU - Bell, James R. AU - Botham, Marc S. AU - Burthe, Sarah AU - Helaouet, Pierre AU - Johns, David G. AU - Jones, Ian D. AU - Leech, David I. AU - Mackay, Eleanor B. AU - Massimino, Dario AU - Atkinson, Sian AU - Bacon, Philip J. AU - Brereton, Tom M. AU - Carvalho, Laurence AU - Clutton-Brock, Tim H. AU - Duck, Callan AU - Edwards, Martin AU - Elliott, J. Malcolm AU - Hall, Stephen J. G. AU - Harrington, Richard AU - Pearce-Higgins, James W. AU - Høye, Toke T. AU - Kruuk, Loeske E. B. AU - Pemberton, Josephine M. AU - Sparks, Tim H. AU - Thompson, Paul M. AU - White, Ian AU - Winfield, Ian J. AU - Wanless, Sarah DA - 06/29/online DO - 10.1038/nature18608 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 241-245 ST - Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels T2 - Nature TI - Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels VL - 535 ID - 23459 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thackeray, Stephen J. AU - Sparks, Timothy H. AU - Frederiksen, Morten AU - Burthe, Sarah AU - Bacon, Philip J. AU - Bell, James R. AU - Botham, Marc S. AU - Brereton, Tom M. AU - Bright, Paul W. AU - Carvalho, Laurence AU - Clutton-Brock, T. I. M. AU - Dawson, Alistair AU - Edwards, Martin AU - Elliott, J. Malcolm AU - Harrington, Richard AU - Johns, David AU - Jones, Ian D. AU - Jones, James T. AU - Leech, David I. AU - Roy, David B. AU - Scott, W. Andy AU - Smith, Matt AU - Smithers, Richard J. AU - Winfield, Ian J. AU - Wanless, Sarah DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02165.x IS - 12 KW - climate linear mixed effects models meta-analysis phenology traits trophic mismatch PY - 2010 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 3304-3313 ST - Trophic level asynchrony in rates of phenological change for marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Trophic level asynchrony in rates of phenological change for marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments VL - 16 ID - 23460 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thatcher, Cindy A. AU - Brock, John C. AU - Pendleton, Elizabeth A. DO - 10.2112/si63-017.1 KW - Relative sea-level rise,coastal vulnerability index,economic value,coastal infrastructure,Gulf of Mexico PY - 2013 SP - 234-243 ST - Economic vulnerability to sea-level rise along the northern U.S. Gulf Coast T2 - Journal of Coastal Research TI - Economic vulnerability to sea-level rise along the northern U.S. Gulf Coast ID - 23988 ER - TY - RPRT AU - The Arctic Council CY - Tromsø, Norway DA - May 2013 PB - Arctic Council Secretariat PY - 2013 SP - 53 ST - Taking Stock of Adaptation Programs in the Arctic TI - Taking Stock of Adaptation Programs in the Arctic UR - https://oaarchive.arctic-council.org/handle/11374/1630 ID - 22305 ER - TY - RPRT AU - The National Strategy CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Departments of the Interior and Agriculture PY - 2014 SP - 93 ST - The National Strategy: The Final Phase in the Development of the National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy TI - The National Strategy: The Final Phase in the Development of the National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy UR - https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/strategy/thestrategy.shtml ID - 25460 ER - TY - WEB AU - The Nature Conservancy DA - 2017 PB - The Nature Conservancy, Reef Resilience PY - 2017 ST - Coral Reef Module: Overfishing and destructive fishing threats TI - Coral Reef Module: Overfishing and destructive fishing threats UR - http://www.reefresilience.org/coral-reefs/stressors/local-stressors/overfishing-and-destructive-fishing-threats/ ID - 22526 ER - TY - WEB AU - The World Bank CY - Washington, DC M1 - March 28 PB - The World Bank PY - 2018 ST - Carbon Pricing Dashboard [web tool] TI - Carbon Pricing Dashboard [web tool] UR - https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/ VL - 2018 ID - 25227 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Theisen, Ole Magnus AU - Holtermann, Helge AU - Buhaug, Halvard IS - 3 PY - 2011/12 SP - 79-110 ST - Climate wars? Assessing the claim that drought breeds conflict T2 - International Security TI - Climate wars? Assessing the claim that drought breeds conflict UR - https://muse.jhu.edu/article/461857/pdf VL - 36 ID - 22046 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Theobald, David M DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0094628 IS - 4 PY - 2014 SN - 1932-6203 SP - e94628 ST - Development and applications of a comprehensive land use classification and map for the US T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Development and applications of a comprehensive land use classification and map for the US VL - 9 ID - 22652 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Theobald, D.M. AU - Romme, W.H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.06.002 IS - 4 PY - 2007 SN - 0169-2046 SP - 340-354 ST - Expansion of the US wildland-urban interface T2 - Landscape and Urban Planning TI - Expansion of the US wildland-urban interface VL - 83 ID - 15611 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Garfin, G. A2 - Jardine, A. A2 - Merideth, R. A2 - Black, Mary A2 - LeRoy, Sarah AU - Theobald, D.M. AU - Travis, W.R. AU - Drummond, M.A. AU - Gordon, E.S. C4 - c9075dbc-f7c8-4d85-b534-e97282562b3e CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2013 SN - 9781610914468 SP - 37-55 ST - Ch. 3: The changing southwest T2 - Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States: A Report Prepared for the National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 3: The changing southwest UR - http://swccar.org/sites/all/themes/files/SW-NCA-color-FINALweb.pdf ID - 15612 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Theuerkauf, Ethan J. AU - Rodriguez, Antonio B. AU - Fegley, Stephen R. AU - Luettich, Richard A. DO - 10.1002/2014GL060544 IS - 14 KW - sea level anomaly beach erosion barrier island coastal management climate change sea level rise 4217 Coastal processes 4556 Sea level: variations and mean PY - 2014 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 5139-5147 ST - Sea level anomalies exacerbate beach erosion T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Sea level anomalies exacerbate beach erosion VL - 41 ID - 19993 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate extremes indices are evaluated for the northeast United States and adjacent Canada (Northeast) using gridded observations and twenty-three CMIP5 coupled models. Previous results have demonstrated observed increases in warm and wet extremes and decreases in cold extremes, consistent with changes expected in a warming world. Here, a significant shift is found in the distribution of observed total annual precipitation over 1981-2010. In addition, significant positive trends are seen in all observed wet precipitation indices over 1951-2010. For the Northeast region, CMIP5 models project significant shifts in the distributions of most temperature and precipitation indices by 2041-2070. By the late century, the coldest (driest) future extremes are projected to be warmer (wetter) than the warmest (wettest) extremes at present. The multimodel interquartile range compares well with observations, providing a measure of confidence in the projections in this region. Spatial analysis suggests that the largest increases in heavy precipitation extremes are projected for northern, coastal, and mountainous areas. Results suggest that the projected increase in total annual precipitation is strongly influenced by increases in winter wet extremes. The largest decreases in cold extremes are projected for northern and interior portions of the Northeast, while the largest increases in summer warm extremes are projected for densely populated southern, central, and coastal areas. This study provides a regional analysis and verification of the latest generation of CMIP global models specifically for the Northeast, useful to stakeholders focused on understanding and adapting to climate change and its impacts in the region. AU - Thibeault, Jeanne M. AU - Seth, Anji DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1257-2 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 273-287 ST - Changing climate extremes in the Northeast United States: Observations and projections from CMIP5 T2 - Climatic Change TI - Changing climate extremes in the Northeast United States: Observations and projections from CMIP5 VL - 127 ID - 21704 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Understanding and managing dynamic coastal landscapes for beach-dependent species requires biological and geological data across the range of relevant environments and habitats. It is difficult to acquire such information; data often have limited focus due to resource constraints, are collected by non-specialists, or lack observational uniformity. We developed an open-source smartphone application called iPlover that addresses these difficulties in collecting biogeomorphic information at piping plover (Charadrius melodus) nest sites on coastal beaches. This paper describes iPlover development and evaluates data quality and utility following two years of collection (n = 1799 data points over 1500 km of coast between Maine and North Carolina, USA). We found strong agreement between field user and expert assessments and high model skill when data were used for habitat suitability prediction. Methods used here to develop and deploy a distributed data collection system have broad applicability to interdisciplinary environmental monitoring and modeling. AU - Thieler, E. Robert AU - Zeigler, Sara L. AU - Winslow, Luke A. AU - Hines, Megan K. AU - Read, Jordan S. AU - Walker, Jordan I. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0164979 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SP - e0164979 ST - Smartphone-based distributed data collection enables rapid assessment of shorebird habitat suitability T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Smartphone-based distributed data collection enables rapid assessment of shorebird habitat suitability VL - 11 ID - 21703 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The eastern migratory population of monarch butterflies ( Danaus plexippus plexippus ) has declined by >80% within the last two decades. One possible cause of this decline is the loss of ≥1.3 billion stems of milkweed ( Asclepias spp.), which monarchs require for reproduction. In an effort to restore monarchs to a population goal established by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and adopted by Mexico, Canada, and the US, we developed scenarios for amending the Midwestern US landscape with milkweed. Scenarios for milkweed restoration were developed for protected area grasslands, Conservation Reserve Program land, powerline, rail and roadside rights of way, urban/suburban lands, and land in agricultural production. Agricultural land was further divided into productive and marginal cropland. We elicited expert opinion as to the biological potential (in stems per acre) for lands in these individual sectors to support milkweed restoration and the likely adoption (probability) of management practices necessary for affecting restoration. Sixteen of 218 scenarios we developed for restoring milkweed to the Midwestern US were at levels (>1.3 billion new stems) necessary to reach the monarch population goal. One of these scenarios would convert all marginal agriculture to conserved status. The other 15 scenarios converted half of marginal agriculture (730 million stems), with remaining stems contributed by other societal sectors. Scenarios without substantive agricultural participation were insufficient for attaining the population goal. Agricultural lands are essential to reaching restoration targets because they occupy 77% of all potential monarch habitat. Barring fundamental changes to policy, innovative application of economic tools such as habitat exchanges may provide sufficient resources to tip the balance of the agro-ecological landscape toward a setting conducive to both robust agricultural production and reduced imperilment of the migratory monarch butterfly. AU - Thogmartin, Wayne E. AU - López-Hoffman, Laura AU - Rohweder, Jason AU - Diffendorfer, Jay AU - Drum, Ryan AU - Semmens, Darius AU - Black, Scott AU - Caldwell, Iris AU - Cotter, Donita AU - Drobney, Pauline AU - Jackson, Laura L. AU - Gale, Michael AU - Helmers, Doug AU - Hilburger, Steve AU - Howard, Elizabeth AU - Oberhauser, Karen AU - Pleasants, John AU - Semmens, Brice AU - Taylor, Orley AU - Ward, Patrick AU - Weltzin, Jake F. AU - Wiederholt, Ruscena DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7637 IS - 7 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 074005 ST - Restoring monarch butterfly habitat in the Midwestern US: "All hands on deck" T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Restoring monarch butterfly habitat in the Midwestern US: "All hands on deck" VL - 12 ID - 26614 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thoman, Richard AU - Brettschneider, Brian DA - 2016/11/01 DO - 10.1080/00431672.2016.1226639 IS - 6 PY - 2016 SN - 0043-1672 SP - 12-20 ST - Hot Alaska: As the climate warms, Alaska experiences record high temperatures T2 - Weatherwise TI - Hot Alaska: As the climate warms, Alaska experiences record high temperatures VL - 69 ID - 22306 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thomas, Andrew C. AU - Pershing, Andrew J. AU - Friedland, Kevin D. AU - Nye, Janet A. AU - Mills, Katherine E. AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Record, Nicholas R. AU - Weatherbee, Ryan AU - Henderson, M. Elisabeth DO - 10.1525/elementa.240 PY - 2017 SP - 48 ST - Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf T2 - Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene TI - Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf VL - 5 ID - 21702 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During a dengue epidemic in northern Mexico, enhanced surveillance identified 53 laboratory-positive cases in southern Texas; 26 (49%) patients acquired the infection locally, and 29 (55%) were hospitalized. Of 83 patient specimens that were initially IgM negative according to ELISA performed at a commercial laboratory, 14 (17%) were dengue virus positive by real-time reverse transcription PCR performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dengue virus types 1 and 3 were identified, and molecular phylogenetic analysis demonstrated close identity with viruses that had recently circulated in Mexico and Central America. Of 51 household members of 22 dengue case-patients who participated in household investigations, 6 (12%) had been recently infected with a dengue virus and reported no recent travel, suggesting intrahousehold transmission. One household member reported having a recent illness consistent with dengue. This outbreak reinforces emergence of dengue in southern Texas, particularly when incidence is high in northern Mexico. AU - Thomas, Dana AU - Santiago, Gilberto A. AU - Abeyta, Roman AU - Hinojosa, Steven AU - Torres-Velasquez, Brenda AU - Adam, Jessica K. AU - Evert, Nicole AU - Caraballo, Elba AU - Hunsperger, Elizabeth AU - Muñoz-Jordán, Jorge L. AU - Smith, Brian AU - Banicki, Alison AU - Tomashek, Kay M. AU - Gaul, Linda AU - Sharp, Tyler M. DO - 10.3201/eid2206.152000 IS - 6 KW - Dengue dengue virus outbreak reemergence Texas United States vector-borne infections viruses PY - 2016 SN - 1080-6059 SP - 1002-1007 ST - Reemergence of Dengue in Southern Texas, 2013 T2 - Emerging Infectious Disease Journal TI - Reemergence of Dengue in Southern Texas, 2013 VL - 22 ID - 23244 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA. tkthomas@anthc.org AU - Thomas, Timothy K. AU - Bell, Jake AU - Bruden, Dana AU - Hawley, Millie AU - Brubaker, Michael DO - 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21233 DP - NLM ET - 2013/08/30 KW - Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Alaska/epidemiology Child Child, Preschool Communicable Diseases/*epidemiology Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology Housing/standards Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Islands/epidemiology Middle Aged Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology Rural Population/*statistics & numerical data Sanitation/standards Skin Diseases, Bacterial/epidemiology *Waste Disposal Facilities Water Supply Young Adult infectious diseases water water access LA - eng PY - 2013 SN - 1239-9736 SP - 21233 ST - Washeteria closures, infectious disease and community health in rural Alaska: A review of clinical data in Kivalina, Alaska T2 - International Journal of Circumpolar Health TI - Washeteria closures, infectious disease and community health in rural Alaska: A review of clinical data in Kivalina, Alaska VL - 72 ID - 22307 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Thompson, Laura M. AU - Staudinger, Michelle D. AU - Carter, Shawn L. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/ofr20151110 LA - English M3 - Report PB - U. S. Geological Survey PY - 2015 SN - Open-File Report 2015-1110 SP - 17 ST - Summarizing Components of U.S. Department of the Interior Vulnerability Assessments to Focus Climate Adaptation Planning TI - Summarizing Components of U.S. Department of the Interior Vulnerability Assessments to Focus Climate Adaptation Planning ID - 25674 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Huntley, B. A2 - Webb III, T. AU - Thompson, Robert S. C4 - 69e32f14-9744-49dc-82bb-d5e353deb46b CY - Dordrecht, Netherlands PB - Kluwer Academic PY - 1988 SN - 9061931886 978-9061931881 SP - 415-458 ST - Western North America: Vegetation dynamics in the western United States: Modes of response to climatic fluctuations SV - Handbook of Vegetation Science vol. 7 T2 - Vegetation History TI - Western North America: Vegetation dynamics in the western United States: Modes of response to climatic fluctuations ID - 22653 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Thompson, Robert S. AU - Anderson, Katherine H. AU - Pelltier, Richard T. AU - Strickland, Laura E. AU - Shafer, Sarah L. AU - Bartlein, Patrick J. CY - Reston, VA NV - USGS Professional Paper 1650-F PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2012 SP - various ST - Atlas of Relations Between Climatic Parameters and Distributions of Important Trees and Shrubs in North America—Modern Data for Climatic Estimation from Vegetation Inventories TI - Atlas of Relations Between Climatic Parameters and Distributions of Important Trees and Shrubs in North America—Modern Data for Climatic Estimation from Vegetation Inventories UR - https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1650F ID - 22654 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thompson, Tammy M. AU - Rausch, Sebastian AU - Saari, Rebecca K. AU - Selin, Noelle E. DA - 08/24/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2342 M3 - Article PY - 2014 SP - 917-923 ST - A systems approach to evaluating the air quality co-benefits of US carbon policies T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - A systems approach to evaluating the air quality co-benefits of US carbon policies VL - 4 ID - 24236 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ocean acidification severely affects bivalves, especially their larval stages. Consequently, the fate of this ecologically and economically important group depends on the capacity and rate of evolutionary adaptation to altered ocean carbonate chemistry. We document successful settlement of wild mussel larvae (Mytilus edulis) in a periodically CO2-enriched habitat. The larval fitness of the population originating from the CO2-enriched habitat was compared to the response of a population from a nonenriched habitat in a common garden experiment. The high CO2–adapted population showed higher fitness under elevated Pco2 (partial pressure of CO2) than the non-adapted cohort, demonstrating, for the first time, an evolutionary response of a natural mussel population to ocean acidification. To assess the rate of adaptation, we performed a selection experiment over three generations. CO2 tolerance differed substantially between the families within the F1 generation, and survival was drastically decreased in the highest, yet realistic, Pco2 treatment. Selection of CO2-tolerant F1 animals resulted in higher calcification performance of F2 larvae during early shell formation but did not improve overall survival. Our results thus reveal significant short-term selective responses of traits directly affected by ocean acidification and long-term adaptation potential in a key bivalve species. Because immediate response to selection did not directly translate into increased fitness, multigenerational studies need to take into consideration the multivariate nature of selection acting in natural habitats. Combinations of short-term selection with long-term adaptation in populations from CO2-enriched versus nonenriched natural habitats represent promising approaches for estimating adaptive potential of organisms facing global change. AU - Thomsen, Jörn AU - Stapp, Laura S. AU - Haynert, Kristin AU - Schade, Hanna AU - Danelli, Maria AU - Lannig, Gisela AU - Wegner, K. Mathias AU - Melzner, Frank DO - 10.1126/sciadv.1602411 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SP - e1602411 ST - Naturally acidified habitat selects for ocean acidification–tolerant mussels T2 - Science Advances TI - Naturally acidified habitat selects for ocean acidification–tolerant mussels VL - 3 ID - 24910 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thomson, A.M. AU - Calvin, K.V. AU - Smith, S.J. AU - Kyle, G.P. AU - Volke, A. AU - Patel, P. AU - Delgado-Arias, S. AU - Bond-Lamberty, B. AU - Wise, M.A. AU - Clarke, L.E. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0151-4 IS - 1-2 PY - 2011 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 77-94 ST - RCP4.5: A pathway for stabilization of radiative forcing by 2100 T2 - Climatic Change TI - RCP4.5: A pathway for stabilization of radiative forcing by 2100 VL - 109 ID - 15620 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a system of ocean currents that has an essential role in Earth’s climate, redistributing heat and influencing the carbon cycle1, 2. The AMOC has been shown to be weakening in recent years 1 ; this decline may reflect decadal-scale variability in convection in the Labrador Sea, but short observational datasets preclude a longer-term perspective on the modern state and variability of Labrador Sea convection and the AMOC1, 3–5. Here we provide several lines of palaeo-oceanographic evidence that Labrador Sea deep convection and the AMOC have been anomalously weak over the past 150 years or so (since the end of the Little Ice Age, LIA, approximately ad 1850) compared with the preceding 1,500 years. Our palaeoclimate reconstructions indicate that the transition occurred either as a predominantly abrupt shift towards the end of the LIA, or as a more gradual, continued decline over the past 150 years; this ambiguity probably arises from non-AMOC influences on the various proxies or from the different sensitivities of these proxies to individual components of the AMOC. We suggest that enhanced freshwater fluxes from the Arctic and Nordic seas towards the end of the LIA—sourced from melting glaciers and thickened sea ice that developed earlier in the LIA—weakened Labrador Sea convection and the AMOC. The lack of a subsequent recovery may have resulted from hysteresis or from twentieth-century melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet 6 . Our results suggest that recent decadal variability in Labrador Sea convection and the AMOC has occurred during an atypical, weak background state. Future work should aim to constrain the roles of internal climate variability and early anthropogenic forcing in the AMOC weakening described here. AU - Thornalley, David J. R. AU - Oppo, Delia W. AU - Ortega, Pablo AU - Robson, Jon I. AU - Brierley, Chris M. AU - Davis, Renee AU - Hall, Ian R. AU - Moffa-Sanchez, Paola AU - Rose, Neil L. AU - Spooner, Peter T. AU - Yashayaev, Igor AU - Keigwin, Lloyd D. DA - 2018/04/01 DO - 10.1038/s41586-018-0007-4 IS - 7700 PY - 2018 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 227-230 ST - Anomalously weak Labrador Sea convection and Atlantic overturning during the past 150 years T2 - Nature TI - Anomalously weak Labrador Sea convection and Atlantic overturning during the past 150 years VL - 556 ID - 25422 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thornton, Peter E. AU - Calvin, Katherine AU - Jones, Andrew D. AU - Di Vittorio, Alan V. AU - Bond-Lamberty, Ben AU - Chini, Louise AU - Shi, Xiaoying AU - Mao, Jiafu AU - Collins, William D. AU - Edmonds, Jae AU - Thomson, Allison AU - Truesdale, John AU - Craig, Anthony AU - Branstetter, Marcia L. AU - Hurtt, George DA - 06/12/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3310 PY - 2017 SP - 496-500 ST - Biospheric feedback effects in a synchronously coupled model of human and Earth systems T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Biospheric feedback effects in a synchronously coupled model of human and Earth systems VL - 7 ID - 25275 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thornton, P.K. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1098/rstb.2010.0134 IS - 1554 PY - 2010 SN - 0962-8436 SP - 2853-2867 ST - Livestock production: Recent trends, future prospects T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Livestock production: Recent trends, future prospects VL - 365 ID - 15622 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thornton, Philip K. AU - Ericksen, Polly J. AU - Herrero, Mario AU - Challinor, Andrew J. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12581 IS - 11 KW - agriculture climate variability development food system poverty uncertainty vulnerability PY - 2014 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 3313-3328 ST - Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: A review T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: A review VL - 20 ID - 24999 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We present evidence for cultivation of marine resources among aboriginal peoples of the Northwest Coast of North America. While such evidence has been marshalled for plant cultivation, we argue that similar cultivation techniques developed around salmon and other critical marine resources of which they had intimate knowledge, and that such interventions helped regularize supplies, ameliorate disruptions, accommodate shifts, and even reverse declines in species populations by recreating or strengthening conditions for sustaining species in dynamic ecological systems. The plants, fish, and wildlife of the region were resilient, and often pre-adapted to cyclic or stochastic disturbance regimes, but, like the aboriginal populations themselves, also vulnerable to environmental shocks and scarcities. We suggest that Northwest Coast indigenous people observed the effects of both gradual and rapid environmental change on key species over generations, and adjusted their behavior accordingly. The effects of human enhancement, human over-exploitation, or natural perturbations were often rapidly apprehended, allowing for feedback mechanisms that became integral to the technologies and social mechanisms for resource management. These practices are best conceptualized as cultivation techniques rather than restrictive conservation practices, designed to optimise resource supplies and harvest conditions, thus reducing risk and vulnerability and increasing social-ecological resilience. AU - Thornton, Thomas AU - Deur, Douglas AU - Kitka, Herman DA - April 01 DO - 10.1007/s10745-015-9747-z IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1572-9915 SP - 189-199 ST - Cultivation of salmon and other marine resources on the northwest coast of North America T2 - Human Ecology TI - Cultivation of salmon and other marine resources on the northwest coast of North America VL - 43 ID - 24619 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Thornton, Thomas F. C4 - 6f99e897-8456-42aa-8a5e-96736d3de371 CY - Seattle, WA PB - University of Washington Press PY - 2008 SN - 978-0295987491 SP - 236 ST - Being and Place Among the Tlingit TI - Being and Place Among the Tlingit ID - 22308 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Thornton, Thomas F. CY - Juneau, AK; Seattle, WA PB - Sealaska Heritage Institute; University of Washington Press PY - 2010 SN - 9780295992174 SP - 232 ST - Haa Leelk'w Has Aani Saax'u / Our Grandparents' Names on the Land TI - Haa Leelk'w Has Aani Saax'u / Our Grandparents' Names on the Land ID - 22309 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Thorpe, Jodie AU - Fennell, Shelly CY - Oxford, United Kingdom NV - Oxfam Discussion Papers PB - Oxfam International PY - 2012 SP - 23 ST - Climate Change Risks and Supply Chain Responsibility TI - Climate Change Risks and Supply Chain Responsibility UR - https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/dp-climate-change-risks-supply-chain-responsibility-27062012-en.pdf ID - 22045 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Thorsteinson, Lyman K. AU - Love, Milton S. CY - Reston, VA DA - 2016 DO - 10.3133/sir20165038 DP - pubs.er.usgs.gov NV - Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5038 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2016 SN - 2016-5038 SP - 783 ST - Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Ecology Catalog TI - Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Ecology Catalog Y2 - 2017/01/12/23:48:05 ID - 22310 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thunberg, Eric M. AU - Correia, Steven J. DA - 2015/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.04.005 KW - New England groundfish Fleet diversity Shannon index Evenness index Performance indicators PY - 2015 SN - 0308-597X SP - 6-14 ST - Measures of fishing fleet diversity in the New England groundfish fishery T2 - Marine Policy TI - Measures of fishing fleet diversity in the New England groundfish fishery VL - 58 ID - 26241 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tian, Di AU - Wang, Yuhang AU - Bergin, Michelle AU - Hu, Yongtao AU - Liu, Yongqiang AU - Russell, Armistead G. DA - 2008/04/01 DO - 10.1021/es0711213 IS - 8 PY - 2008 SN - 0013-936X SP - 2767-2772 ST - Air quality impacts from prescribed forest fires under different management practices T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Air quality impacts from prescribed forest fires under different management practices VL - 42 ID - 24234 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Consideration of water supply in transmission expansion planning (TEP) provides a valuable means of managing impacts of thermoelectric generation on limited water resources. Toward this opportunity, thermoelectric water intensity factors and water supply availability (fresh and non-fresh sources) were incorporated into a recent TEP exercise conducted for the electric interconnection in the Western United States. The goal was to inform the placement of new thermoelectric generation so as to minimize issues related to water availability. Although freshwater availability is limited in the West, few instances across five TEP planning scenarios were encountered where water availability impacted the development of new generation. This unexpected result was related to planning decisions that favored the development of low water use generation that was geographically dispersed across the West. These planning decisions were not made because of their favorable influence on thermoelectric water demand; rather, on the basis of assumed future fuel and technology costs, policy drivers and the topology of electricity demand. Results also projected that interconnection-wide thermoelectric water consumption would increase by 31% under the business-as-usual case, while consumption would decrease by 42% under a scenario assuming a low-carbon future. Except in a few instances, new thermoelectric water consumption could be accommodated with less than 10% of the local available water supply; however, limited freshwater supplies and state-level policies could increase use of non-fresh water sources for new thermoelectric generation. Results could have been considerably different if scenarios favoring higher-intensity water use generation technology or potential impacts of climate change had been explored. Conduct of this exercise highlighted the importance of integrating water into all phases of TEP, particularly joint management of decisions that are both directly (e.g., water availability constraint) and indirectly (technology or policy constraints) related to future thermoelectric water demand, as well as, the careful selection of scenarios that adequately bound the potential dimensions of water impact. AU - Tidwell, Vincent C. AU - Bailey, Michael AU - Zemlick, Katie M. AU - Moreland, Barbara D. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124001 IS - 12 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 124001 ST - Water supply as a constraint on transmission expansion planning in the Western interconnection T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Water supply as a constraint on transmission expansion planning in the Western interconnection VL - 11 ID - 25281 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tidwell, Vincent C. AU - Moreland, Barbie AU - Zemlick, Katie DA - 2014/08/05 DO - 10.1021/es5016845 IS - 15 PY - 2014 SN - 0013-936X SP - 8897-8904 ST - Geographic footprint of electricity use for water services in the western U.S T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Geographic footprint of electricity use for water services in the western U.S VL - 48 ID - 25432 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The recent intensification of agriculture, and the prospects of future intensification, will have major detrimental impacts on the nonagricultural terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the world. The doubling of agricultural food production during the past 35 years was associated with a 6.87-fold increase in nitrogen fertilization, a 3.48-fold increase in phosphorus fertilization, a 1.68-fold increase in the amount of irrigated cropland, and a 1.1-fold increase in land in cultivation. Based on a simple linear extension of past trends, the anticipated next doubling of global food production would be associated with approximately 3-fold increases in nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization rates, a doubling of the irrigated land area, and an 18% increase in cropland. These projected changes would have dramatic impacts on the diversity, composition, and functioning of the remaining natural ecosystems of the world, and on their ability to provide society with a variety of essential ecosystem services. The largest impacts would be on freshwater and marine ecosystems, which would be greatly eutrophied by high rates of nitrogen and phosphorus release from agricultural fields. Aquatic nutrient eutrophication can lead to loss of biodiversity, outbreaks of nuisance species, shifts in the structure of food chains, and impairment of fisheries. Because of aerial redistribution of various forms of nitrogen, agricultural intensification also would eutrophy many natural terrestrial ecosystems and contribute to atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases. These detrimental environmental impacts of agriculture can be minimized only if there is much more efficient use and recycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in agroecosystems. AU - Tilman, David DA - May 25, 1999 DO - 10.1073/pnas.96.11.5995 IS - 11 PY - 1999 SP - 5995-6000 ST - Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: The need for sustainable and efficient practices T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: The need for sustainable and efficient practices VL - 96 ID - 23585 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Timber Mart-South CY - Athens, GA PB - Norris Foundation PY - 2018 ST - The Journal of Southern Timber Prices TI - The Journal of Southern Timber Prices UR - http://www.timbermart-south.com/ ID - 26164 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Timonen, J. AU - Lääperi, L. AU - Rummukainen, L. AU - Puuska, S. AU - Vankka, J. DA - 3-6 June 2014 DO - 10.1109/CYCON.2014.6916401 PY - 2014 SP - 157-173 T2 - 2014 6th International Conference On Cyber Conflict (CyCon 2014) TI - Situational awareness and information collection from critical infrastructure ID - 21399 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ecological restoration is widely practiced as a means of rehabilitating ecosystems and habitats that have been degraded or impaired through human use or other causes. Restoration practices now are confronted by climate change, which has the potential to influence long-term restoration outcomes. Concepts and attributes from the resilience literature can help improve restoration and monitoring efforts under changing climate conditions. We systematically examined the published literature on ecological resilience to identify biological, chemical, and physical attributes that confer resilience to climate change. We identified 45 attributes explicitly related to climate change and classified them as individual- (9), population- (6), community- (7), ecosystem- (7), or process-level attributes (16). Individual studies defined resilience as resistance to change or recovery from disturbance, and only a few studies explicitly included both concepts in their definition of resilience. We found that individual and population attributes generally are suited to species- or habitat-specific restoration actions and applicable at the population scale. Community attributes are better suited to habitat-specific restoration at the site scale, or system-wide restoration at the ecosystem scale. Ecosystem and process attributes vary considerably in their type and applicability. We summarize these relationships in a decision support table and provide three example applications to illustrate how these classifications can be used to prioritize climate change resilience attributes for specific restoration actions. We suggest that (1) including resilience as an explicit planning objective could increase the success of restoration projects, (2) considering the ecological context and focal scale of a restoration action is essential in choosing appropriate resilience attributes, and (3) certain ecological attributes, such as diversity and connectivity, are more commonly considered to confer resilience because they apply to a wide variety of species and ecosystems. We propose that identifying sources of ecological resilience is a critical step in restoring ecosystems in a changing climate. AU - Timpane-Padgham, Britta L. AU - Beechie, Tim AU - Klinger, Terrie DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0173812 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SP - e0173812 ST - A systematic review of ecological attributes that confer resilience to climate change in environmental restoration T2 - PLOS ONE TI - A systematic review of ecological attributes that confer resilience to climate change in environmental restoration VL - 12 ID - 25673 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tingley, Morgan W. AU - Koo, Michelle S. AU - Moritz, Craig AU - Rush, Andrew C. AU - Beissinger, Steven R. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02784.x IS - 11 KW - birds California climate change elevational range shift occupancy models precipitation Sierra Nevada PY - 2012 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 3279-3290 ST - The push and pull of climate change causes heterogeneous shifts in avian elevational ranges T2 - Global Change Biology TI - The push and pull of climate change causes heterogeneous shifts in avian elevational ranges VL - 18 ID - 23871 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Invasive, non-native species represent a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. The African amphibian Xenopus laevis is widely regarded as an invasive species and a threat to local faunas. Populations originating at the Western Cape, South Africa, have been introduced on four continents, mostly in areas with a similar Mediterranean climate. Some introduced populations are also established in cooler environments where persistence for many decades suggests a capacity for long-term adaptation. In these cases, recent climate warming might enhance invasion ability, favouring range expansion, population growth and negative effects on native faunas. In the cool temperate UK, populations have been established for about 50 years in Wales and for an unknown period, probably >20 years, in England (Lincolnshire). Our field studies over 30 and 10 years, respectively, show that in favourable conditions there may be good recruitment, fast individual growth rates and large body size; maximum longevity exceeds 23 years. Nevertheless, areas of distribution remained limited, with numbers <500 in each population. In 2010, only a single individual was captured at each locality and further searching failed to record any others in repeated sampling up to 2014. We conclude that both populations are now extinct. The winters of 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 experienced extreme cold and drought (December 2010 was the coldest in 120 years and the third driest in 100 years). The extinction of X. laevis in these areas indicates that even relatively long-established alien species remain vulnerable to rare extreme weather conditions. AU - Tinsley, Richard C. AU - Stott, Lucy C. AU - Viney, Mark E. AU - Mable, Barbara K. AU - Tinsley, Matthew C. DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s10530-015-0944-x IS - 11 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1573-1464 SP - 3183-3195 ST - Extinction of an introduced warm-climate alien species, Xenopus laevis, by extreme weather events T2 - Biological Invasions TI - Extinction of an introduced warm-climate alien species, Xenopus laevis, by extreme weather events VL - 17 ID - 23461 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tippett, Michael K. DO - 10.1002/2014GL061347 IS - 19 KW - tornadoes 1872 Time series analysis 3270 Time series analysis 3309 Climatology 4301 Atmospheric PY - 2014 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 6956-6961 ST - Changing volatility of U.S. annual tornado reports T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Changing volatility of U.S. annual tornado reports VL - 41 ID - 19764 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The arrival and rapid spread of the mosquito-borne viral disease Chikungunya across the Americas is one of the most significant public health developments of recent years, preceding and mirroring the subsequent spread of Zika. Globalization in trade and travel can lead to the importation of these viruses, but climatic conditions strongly affect the efficiency of transmission in local settings. In order to direct preparedness for future outbreaks, it is necessary to anticipate global regions that could become suitable for Chikungunya transmission. Here, we present global correlative niche models for autochthonous Chikungunya transmission. These models were used as the basis for projections under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios. In a further step, hazard maps, which account for population densities, were produced. The baseline models successfully delineate current areas of active Chikungunya transmission. Projections under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios suggest the likelihood of expansion of transmission-suitable areas in many parts of the world, including China, sub-Saharan Africa, South America, the United States and continental Europe. The models presented here can be used to inform public health preparedness planning in a highly interconnected world. AU - Tjaden, Nils B. AU - Suk, Jonathan E. AU - Fischer, Dominik AU - Thomas, Stephanie M. AU - Beierkuhnlein, Carl AU - Semenza, Jan C. DA - 2017/06/19 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-03566-3 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 3813 ST - Modelling the effects of global climate change on Chikungunya transmission in the 21st century T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Modelling the effects of global climate change on Chikungunya transmission in the 21st century VL - 7 ID - 22044 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tobin, Patrick C. AU - Nagarkatti, Sudha AU - Loeb, Greg AU - Saunders, Michael C. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01561.x IS - 5 KW - climate change diapause insect population dynamics phenology photoperiod seasonality voltinism PY - 2008 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 951-957 ST - Historical and projected interactions between climate change and insect voltinism in a multivoltine species T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Historical and projected interactions between climate change and insect voltinism in a multivoltine species VL - 14 ID - 21190 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Todd-Brown, K. E. O. AU - Randerson, J. T. AU - Hopkins, F. AU - Arora, V. AU - Hajima, T. AU - Jones, C. AU - Shevliakova, E. AU - Tjiputra, J. AU - Volodin, E. AU - Wu, T. AU - Zhang, Q. AU - Allison, S. D. DO - 10.5194/bg-11-2341-2014 IS - 8 N1 - BG PY - 2014 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 2341-2356 ST - Changes in soil organic carbon storage predicted by Earth system models during the 21st century T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Changes in soil organic carbon storage predicted by Earth system models during the 21st century VL - 11 ID - 23481 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change projections for the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of North America include warmer temperatures (T), reduced precipitation (P) in summer months, and increased P during all other seasons. Using a physically based hydrologic model and an ensemble of statistically downscaled global climate model scenarios produced by the Columbia Basin Climate Change Scenarios Project, we examine the nature of changing hydrologic extremes (floods and low flows) under natural conditions for about 300 river locations in the PNW. The combination of warming, and shifts in seasonal P regimes, results in increased flooding and more intense low flows for most of the basins in the PNW. Flood responses depend on average midwinter T and basin type. Mixed rain and snow basins, with average winter temperatures near freezing, typically show the largest increases in flood risk because of the combined effects of warming (increasing contributing basin area) and more winter P. Decreases in low flows are driven by loss of snowpack, drier summers, and increasing evapotranspiration in the simulations. Energy-limited basins on the west side of the Cascades show the strongest declines in low flows, whereas more arid, water-limited basins on the east side of the Cascades show smaller reductions in low flows. A fine-scale analysis of hydrologic extremes over the Olympic Peninsula echoes the results for the larger rivers discussed above, but provides additional detail about topographic gradients. AU - Tohver, Ingrid M. AU - Hamlet, Alan F. AU - Lee, Se-Yeun DO - 10.1111/jawr.12199 IS - 6 PY - 2014 SP - 1461-1476 ST - Impacts of 21st-century climate change on hydrologic extremes in the Pacific Northwest region of North America T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - Impacts of 21st-century climate change on hydrologic extremes in the Pacific Northwest region of North America VL - 50 ID - 26494 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tokinaga, Hiroki AU - Xie, Shang-Ping AU - Mukougawa, Hitoshi DO - 10.1073/pnas.1615880114 IS - 24 PY - 2017 SP - 6227-6232 ST - Early 20th-century Arctic warming intensified by Pacific and Atlantic multidecadal variability T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Early 20th-century Arctic warming intensified by Pacific and Atlantic multidecadal variability VL - 114 ID - 22311 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Monetised estimates of the impact of climate change are derived. Impacts areexpressed as functions of climate change and `vulnerability'. Vulnerabilityis measured by a series of indicators, such as per capita income, populationabove 65, and economic structure. Impacts are estimated for nine worldregions, for the period 2000–2200, for agriculture, forestry, waterresources, energy consumption, sea level rise, ecosystems, fatal vector-borne diseases, and fatal cardiovascular and respiratory disorders.Uncertainties are large, often including sign switches. In the short term,the estimated sensitivity of a sector to climate change is found to be thecrucial parameter. In the longer term, the change in the vulnerability of thesector is often more important for the total impact. Impacts can be negativeor positive, depending on the time, region, and sector one is looking at.Negative impacts tend to dominate in the later years and in the poorerregions. AU - Tol, Richard S.J. DA - February 01 DO - 10.1023/a:1014539414591 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2002 SN - 1573-1502 SP - 135-160 ST - Estimates of the damage costs of climate change, Part II. Dynamic estimates T2 - Environmental and Resource Economics TI - Estimates of the damage costs of climate change, Part II. Dynamic estimates VL - 21 ID - 23271 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This article reviews the economic impacts of climate change and the policy implications of the results. Current estimates indicate that climate change will likely have a limited impact on the economy and human welfare in the twenty-first century. In fact, the initial impacts of climate change may well be positive. However, in the long run the negative impacts dominate the positive ones. Negative impacts will be substantially greater in poorer, hotter, and lower-lying countries. Poverty reduction complements greenhouse gas emissions reduction as a means to reduce climate change impacts. Although climate change may affect the growth rate of the global economy and may trap more people in poverty, quantification of these impacts remains difficult. The optimal carbon tax in the near term is somewhere between a few tens and a few hundreds of dollars per ton of carbon. AU - Tol, Richard S. J. DO - 10.1093/reep/rex027 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - 1750-6816 SP - 4-25 ST - The economic impacts of climate change T2 - Review of Environmental Economics and Policy TI - The economic impacts of climate change VL - 12 ID - 25756 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tolan, James M. AU - Fisher, Mark IS - 1 PY - 2009 SP - 36-44 ST - Biological response to changes in climate patterns: Population increases of gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) in Texas bays and estuaries T2 - Fishery Bulletin TI - Biological response to changes in climate patterns: Population increases of gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) in Texas bays and estuaries UR - http://fishbull.noaa.gov/1071/tolan.pdf VL - 107 ID - 23268 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Toloo, Ghasem AU - Hu, Wenbiao AU - FitzGerald, Gerry AU - Aitken, Peter AU - Tong, Shilu DA - 08/06/online DO - 10.1038/srep12860 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SP - 12860 ST - Projecting excess emergency department visits and associated costs in Brisbane, Australia, under population growth and climate change scenarios T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Projecting excess emergency department visits and associated costs in Brisbane, Australia, under population growth and climate change scenarios VL - 5 ID - 26475 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Toman, Michael CY - Washington, DC N1 - License: CC BY 3.0 IGO NV - Policy Research Working Paper 7094 PB - World Bank Group PY - 2014 RP - License: CC BY 3.0 IGO SP - 17 ST - The Need for Multiple Types of Information to Inform Climate Change Assessment TI - The Need for Multiple Types of Information to Inform Climate Change Assessment UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20622 ID - 24161 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As weather patterns become more volatile and extreme, risks introduced by weather variability will become more critical to agricultural production. The availability of days suitable for field work is driven by soil temperature and moisture, both of which may be altered by climate change. We projected changes in Illinois season length, spring field workability, and summer drought risk under three different emissions scenarios (B1, A1B, and A2) down to the crop district scale. Across all scenarios, thermal time units increased in parallel with a longer frost-free season. An increase in late March and Early April field workability was consistent across scenarios, but a decline in overall April through May workable days was observed for many cases. In addition, summer drought metrics were projected to increase for most scenarios. These results highlight how the spatial and temporal variability in climate change may present unique challenges to mitigation and adaptation efforts. AU - Tomasek, Bradley J. AU - Williams, Martin M., II AU - Davis, Adam S. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0172301 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SP - e0172301 ST - Changes in field workability and drought risk from projected climate change drive spatially variable risks in Illinois cropping systems T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Changes in field workability and drought risk from projected climate change drive spatially variable risks in Illinois cropping systems VL - 12 ID - 21701 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tomer, Mark D. AU - Schilling, Keith E. DA - 2009/09/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.029 IS - 1 KW - Ecohydrology Climate change Land use change Gulf of Mexico hypoxia Watershed analysis US Midwest PY - 2009 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 24-33 ST - A simple approach to distinguish land-use and climate-change effects on watershed hydrology T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - A simple approach to distinguish land-use and climate-change effects on watershed hydrology VL - 376 ID - 26615 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heatwaves present a significant health risk and the hazard is likely to escalate with the increased future temperatures presently predicted by climate change models. The impact of heatwaves is often felt strongest in towns and cities where populations are concentrated and where the climate is often unintentionally modified to produce an urban heat island effect; where urban areas can be significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. The purpose of this interdisciplinary study is to integrate remotely sensed urban heat island data alongside commercial social segmentation data via a spatial risk assessment methodology in order to highlight potential heat health risk areas and build the foundations for a climate change risk assessment. This paper uses the city of Birmingham, UK as a case study area. AU - Tomlinson, Charlie J. AU - Chapman, Lee AU - Thornes, John E. AU - Baker, Christopher J. DA - June 17 DO - 10.1186/1476-072x-10-42 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2011 SN - 1476-072X SP - 42 ST - Including the urban heat island in spatial heat health risk assessment strategies: A case study for Birmingham, UK T2 - International Journal of Health Geographics TI - Including the urban heat island in spatial heat health risk assessment strategies: A case study for Birmingham, UK VL - 10 ID - 24998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tommasi, Desiree AU - Stock, Charles A. AU - Hobday, Alistair J. AU - Methot, Rick AU - Kaplan, Isaac C. AU - Eveson, J. Paige AU - Holsman, Kirstin AU - Miller, Timothy J. AU - Gaichas, Sarah AU - Gehlen, Marion AU - Pershing, Andrew AU - Vecchi, Gabriel A. AU - Msadek, Rym AU - Delworth, Tom AU - Eakin, C. Mark AU - Haltuch, Melissa A. AU - Séférian, Roland AU - Spillman, Claire M. AU - Hartog, Jason R. AU - Siedlecki, Samantha AU - Samhouri, Jameal F. AU - Muhling, Barbara AU - Asch, Rebecca G. AU - Pinsky, Malin L. AU - Saba, Vincent S. AU - Kapnick, Sarah B. AU - Gaitan, Carlos F. AU - Rykaczewski, Ryan R. AU - Alexander, Michael A. AU - Xue, Yan AU - Pegion, Kathleen V. AU - Lynch, Patrick AU - Payne, Mark R. AU - Kristiansen, Trond AU - Lehodey, Patrick AU - Werner, Francisco E. DA - 2017/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.12.011 PY - 2017 SN - 0079-6611 SP - 15-49 ST - Managing living marine resources in a dynamic environment: The role of seasonal to decadal climate forecasts T2 - Progress in Oceanography TI - Managing living marine resources in a dynamic environment: The role of seasonal to decadal climate forecasts VL - 152 ID - 24820 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tompkins, Emma L. AU - Adger, W. Neil AU - Boyd, Emily AU - Nicholson-Cole, Sophie AU - Weatherhead, Keith AU - Arnell, Nigel DA - 2010/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.05.001 IS - 4 KW - Transition Adaptation Climate change Adaptive capacity Institutions PY - 2010 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 627-635 ST - Observed adaptation to climate change: UK evidence of transition to a well-adapting society T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Observed adaptation to climate change: UK evidence of transition to a well-adapting society VL - 20 ID - 25820 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tong, Daniel Q. AU - Wang, Julian X. L. AU - Gill, Thomas E. AU - Lei, Hang AU - Wang, Binyu DO - 10.1002/2017GL073524 IS - 9 KW - dust Valley fever climate air quality aerosol health 0305 Aerosols and particles 0360 Radiation: transmission and scattering 1616 Climate variability 1630 Impacts of global change PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 4304-4312 ST - Intensified dust storm activity and Valley fever infection in the southwestern United States T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Intensified dust storm activity and Valley fever infection in the southwestern United States VL - 44 ID - 22043 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pollinator conservation is of increasing interest in the light of managed honeybee (Apis mellifera) declines, and declines in some species of wild bees. Much work has gone into understanding the effects of habitat enhancements in agricultural systems on wild bee abundance, richness and pollination services. However, the effects of ecological restoration targeting “natural” ecological endpoints (e.g. restoring former agricultural fields to historic vegetation types or improving degraded natural lands) on wild bees have received relatively little attention, despite their potential importance for countering habitat loss. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of ecological restoration on wild bee abundance and richness, focusing on unmanaged bee communities in lands restored and managed to increase habitat availability and quality. Specifically, we assessed bee abundance and/or richness across studies comparing restored vs. unrestored treatments and studies investigating effects of specific habitat restoration techniques, such as burning, grazing, invasive plant removal and seeding. We analysed 28 studies that met our selection criteria: these represented 11 habitat types and 7 restoration techniques. Nearly all restorations associated with these studies were performed without explicit consideration of habitat needs for bees or other pollinators. The majority of restorations targeted plant community goals, which could potentially have ancillary benefits for bees. Restoration had overall positive effects on wild bee abundance and richness across multiple habitat types. Specific restoration actions, tested independently, also tended to have positive effects on wild bee richness and abundance. Synthesis and applications. We found strong evidence that ecological restoration advances wild bee conservation. This is important given that habitat loss is recognized as a leading factor in pollinator decline. Pollinator responses to land management are rarely evaluated in non-agricultural settings and so support for wild bees may be an underappreciated benefit of botanically focused management. Future restoration projects that explicitly consider the needs of wild bees could be more effective at providing nesting, foraging and other habitat resources. We encourage land managers to design and evaluate restoration projects with the habitat needs of wild bee species in mind. AU - Tonietto, Rebecca K. AU - Larkin, Daniel J. DO - 10.1111/1365-2664.13012 IS - 2 PY - 2018 SP - 582-590 ST - Habitat restoration benefits wild bees: A meta-analysis T2 - Journal of Applied Ecology TI - Habitat restoration benefits wild bees: A meta-analysis VL - 55 ID - 26616 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Riverine ecosystems are governed by patterns of temporal variation in river flows. This dynamism will change due to climate change and the near-ubiquitous human control of river flows globally, which may have severe effects on species distributions and interactions. We employed a combination of population modelling and network theory to explore the consequences of possible flow regime futures on riparian plant communities, including scenarios of increased drought, flooding and flow homogenization (removal of flow variability). We found that even slight modifications to the historic natural flow regime had significant consequences for the structure of riparian plant networks. Networks of emergent interactions between plant guilds were most connected at the natural flow regime and became simplified with increasing flow alteration. The most influential component of flow alteration was flood reduction, with drought and flow homogenization both having greater simplifying community-wide consequences than increased flooding. These findings suggest that maintaining floods under future climates will be needed to overcome the negative long-term consequences of flow modification on riverine ecosystems. AU - Tonkin, Jonathan D. AU - Merritt, David M. AU - Olden, Julian D. AU - Reynolds, Lindsay V. AU - Lytle, David A. DA - 2018/01/01 DO - 10.1038/s41559-017-0379-0 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - 2397-334X SP - 86-93 ST - Flow regime alteration degrades ecological networks in riparian ecosystems T2 - Nature Ecology & Evolution TI - Flow regime alteration degrades ecological networks in riparian ecosystems VL - 2 ID - 25941 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Toohey, R. C. AU - Herman‐Mercer, N. M. AU - Schuster, P. F. AU - Mutter, E. A. AU - Koch, J. C. DO - 10.1002/2016GL070817 IS - 23 KW - Yukon River surface water biogeochemistry permafrost time series analysis groundwater boreal LA - en PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 12,120–12,130 ST - Multidecadal increases in the Yukon River Basin of chemical fluxes as indicators of changing flowpaths, groundwater, and permafrost T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Multidecadal increases in the Yukon River Basin of chemical fluxes as indicators of changing flowpaths, groundwater, and permafrost VL - 43 ID - 22312 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is an emerging disease of salmonid fishes. It is provoked by temperature and caused by infective spores of the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, which develops in freshwater bryozoans. We investigated the link between PKD and temperature by determining whether temperature influences the proliferation of T. bryosalmonae in the bryozoan host Fredericella sultana. Herein we show that increased temperatures drive the proliferation of T. bryosalmonae in bryozoans by provoking, accelerating and prolonging the production of infective spores from cryptic stages. Based on these results we predict that PKD outbreaks will increase further in magnitude and severity in wild and farmed salmonids as a result of climate-driven enhanced proliferation in invertebrate hosts, and urge for early implementation of management strategies to reduce future salmonid declines. AU - Tops, S. AU - Lockwood, W. AU - Okamura, B. IS - 3 N1 - 10.3354/dao070227 PY - 2006 SP - 227-236 ST - Temperature-driven proliferation of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae in bryozoan hosts portends salmonid declines T2 - Diseases of Aquatic Organisms TI - Temperature-driven proliferation of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae in bryozoan hosts portends salmonid declines UR - http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v70/n3/p227-236/ VL - 70 ID - 21623 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background The river Göta Älv is a source of freshwater for the City of Gothenburg, Sweden, and we recently identified a clear influence of upstream precipitation on concentrations of indicator bacteria in the river water, as well as an association with the daily number of phone calls to the nurse advice line related to acute gastrointestinal illnesses (AGI calls). This study aimed to examine visits to primary health-care centers owing to similar symptoms (AGI visits) in the same area, to explore associations with precipitation, and to compare variability in AGI visits and AGI calls. Methods We obtained data covering six years (2007–2012) of daily AGI visits and studied their association with prior precipitation (0–28 days) using a distributed lag nonlinear Poisson regression model, adjusting for seasonal patterns and covariates. In addition, we studied the effects of prolonged wet and dry weather on AGI visits. We analyzed lagged short-term relations between AGI visits and AGI calls, and we studied differences in their seasonal patterns using a binomial regression model. Results The study period saw a total of 17,030 AGI visits, and the number of daily visits decreased on days when precipitation occurred. However, prolonged wet weather was associated with an elevated number of AGI visits. Differences in seasonality patterns were observed between AGI visits and AGI calls, as visits were relatively less frequent during winter and relatively more frequent in August, and only weak short-term relations were found. Conclusion AGI visits and AGI calls seems to partly reflect different types of AGI illnesses, and the patients’ choice of medical contact (in-person visits versus phone calls) appears to depend on current weather conditions. An association between prolonged wet weather and increased AGI visits supports the hypothesis that the drinking water is related to an increased risk of AGI illnesses. AU - Tornevi, Andreas AU - Barregård, Lars AU - Forsberg, Bertil DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0128487 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - e0128487 ST - Precipitation and primary health care visits for gastrointestinal illness in Gothenburg, Sweden T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Precipitation and primary health care visits for gastrointestinal illness in Gothenburg, Sweden UR - https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0128487 VL - 10 ID - 24085 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fog and low cloud cover (FLCC) strongly influences the water, energy, and nutrient flux of coastal ecosystems. Easy-to-use FLCC data are needed to quantify the impacts of FLCC on ecosystem dynamics especially during hot and dry Mediterranean climate summers. Monthly, annual, and decadal FLCC digital maps (indices) were derived for June–September 1999–2009 for coastal California, latitude 34.50°N (south of Monterey Bay) to latitude 41.95°N (north of Crescent City) from 26,000 hourly night and day Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) images. Monthly average FLCC ranges from <2 to 18 hours per day (h/d). Average FLCC over the ocean increases from north (9 h/d) to south (14 h/d), whereas on land, FLCC is highest where land juts into the prevailing NW winds and is lowest in the lee of major capes. FLCC advects farthest inland through low-lying NW ocean-facing valleys. At night, average total hours of FLCC are higher more frequently on land than over the ocean. The interannual FLCC coefficient of variation shows long-term geographic stability that is strongly associated with landform position. FLCC hours per day mapped contours, derived from decadal average FLCC, delineate the commonly used term “fog belt” into FLCC zones with increased locational precision. FLCC indices are available for download from the California Landscape Conservation Cooperative Climate Commons website (http://climate.calcommons.org/datasets/summertime-fog). FLCC indices can improve analyses of biogeographic and bioclimatic species distribution models; understanding meteorological mechanisms driving FLCC patterns; solar energy feasibility studies; investigations of ecohydrology, evapotranspiration, and agricultural irrigation demand; and viticulture ripening models. AU - Torregrosa, Alicia AU - Combs, Cindy AU - Peters, Jeff DO - 10.1002/2015EA000119 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SP - 46-67 ST - GOES-derived fog and low cloud indices for coastal north and central California ecological analyses T2 - Earth and Space Science TI - GOES-derived fog and low cloud indices for coastal north and central California ecological analyses VL - 3 ID - 25987 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Torres, Daniela AU - Maletjane, Motsomi PB - International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities – Working Group 2 PY - 2015 SP - 33 ST - Information and Communication Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation in Cities TI - Information and Communication Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation in Cities UR - https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/ssc/Documents/website/web-fg-ssc-0107-r7-ICTs-for-climate-change-adaptation.docx ID - 25638 ER - TY - WEB AU - Torresan, Laura Zink AU - Storlazzi, Curt D. DO - 10.5066/F7QR4V4C PB - US Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PY - 2014 ST - The Impact of Sea-Level Rise and Climate Change on Pacific Ocean Atolls That House Department of Defense Installations TI - The Impact of Sea-Level Rise and Climate Change on Pacific Ocean Atolls That House Department of Defense Installations UR - https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/climate-change/atolls/ ID - 26155 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Torres-Gonzalez, Sigfredo AU - Rodriguez, Jose M. CY - Reston, VA DB - USGS Publications Warehouse DO - 10.3133/ofr20151215 LA - English M3 - Report NV - Open-File Report 2015-1215 PB - U. S. Geological Survey PY - 2016 ST - Hydrologic Conditions in the South Coast Aquifer, Puerto Rico, 2010–15 TI - Hydrologic Conditions in the South Coast Aquifer, Puerto Rico, 2010–15 ID - 25099 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper is dedicated to the topic of food resilience in the context of urban environments and aims at developing a qualitative tool for measuring it. The emphasis is laid on urban food security with a significant global relevance due to the interconnectedness of our urban and global food systems. We argue that food and agriculture have to be understood as integral components of contemporary urban and peri-urban landscapes as urban agriculture supports in many cases also ecosystems, biodiversity, urban ecology and urban landscape architecture. The topic is introduced through contemporary urban food system models and definitions followed by characteristics of a resilient urban food system, including consumer, producer, food processing, distribution and market resilience. Based on the review of food system models and assessment tools, a new food system model for resilience analysis has been developed. This is then applied to worked examples and further developed on the Christchurch case study, where the tool is applied to existing intra-urban and peri-urban landscape components of Christchurch, New Zealand. AU - Toth, Attila AU - Rendall, Stacy AU - Reitsma, Femke DO - 10.1007/s11252-015-0489-x IS - 1 KW - urban climate change cultural health resilience M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1573-1642 SP - 19-43 ST - Resilient food systems: A qualitative tool for measuring food resilience T2 - Urban Ecosystems TI - Resilient food systems: A qualitative tool for measuring food resilience VL - 19 ID - 22862 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Townsend, Elizabeth AU - Tomasic, Megan CY - [Myrtle Beach, SC] DA - September 6 PY - 2017 ST - S.C. Governor declares state of emergency as Hurricane Irma’s forecast path shifts T2 - The Sun News TI - S.C. Governor declares state of emergency as Hurricane Irma’s forecast path shifts UR - https://www.myrtlebeachonline.com/news/local/article171519002.html ID - 26306 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Toyofuku, Takashi AU - Matsuo, Miki Y. AU - de Nooijer, Lennart Jan AU - Nagai, Yukiko AU - Kawada, Sachiko AU - Fujita, Kazuhiko AU - Reichart, Gert-Jan AU - Nomaki, Hidetaka AU - Tsuchiya, Masashi AU - Sakaguchi, Hide AU - Kitazato, Hiroshi DA - 01/27/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms14145 M3 - Article PY - 2017 SP - 14145 ST - Proton pumping accompanies calcification in foraminifera T2 - Nature Communications TI - Proton pumping accompanies calcification in foraminifera VL - 8 ID - 23700 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Trail, Marcus A. AU - Tsimpidi, Alexandra P. AU - Liu, Peng AU - Tsigaridis, Kostas AU - Hu, Yongtao AU - Rudokas, Jason R. AU - Miller, Paul J. AU - Nenes, Athanasios AU - Russell, Armistead G. DA - 2015/04/21 DO - 10.1021/acs.est.5b00473 IS - 8 PY - 2015 SN - 0013-936X SP - 5133-5141 ST - Impacts of potential CO2-reduction policies on air quality in the United States T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Impacts of potential CO2-reduction policies on air quality in the United States VL - 49 ID - 24235 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Trainer, V. AU - Dortch, Quay AU - Adams, Nicolaus G. AU - Bill, Brian D. AU - Doucette, Greg AU - Kudela, Raphael IS - 8 PY - 2016 SP - S66-S67 ST - A widespread harmful algal bloom in the northeast Pacific [in "State of the Climate in 2015"] T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - A widespread harmful algal bloom in the northeast Pacific [in "State of the Climate in 2015"] UR - https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2016BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 VL - 97 ID - 24911 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Trainor, A. M. AU - McDonald, R. I. AU - Fargione, J. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0162269 IS - 9 PY - 2016 SN - 1932-6203 (Electronic) SP - e0162269 ST - Energy sprawl is the largest driver of land use change in United States T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Energy sprawl is the largest driver of land use change in United States VL - 11 ID - 22655 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Trainor, Sarah F. AU - Abruitina, Larisa AU - Chapin III, F. Stuart AU - Chaschin, Valery AU - Cunsolo, Ashlee AU - Driscoll, David AU - Ford, James AU - Harper, Sherilee AU - Hartig, Lawrence AU - Kettle, Nathan AU - Klepikov, Alexander AU - Kofinas, Gary AU - Lemmen, Donald AU - Loring, Philip AU - Muir, Magdalena AU - Nikitina, Elena AU - Pearce, Tristan AU - Perrin, Alison AU - Poussenkova, Nina AU - Pozhilova, Natalia AU - Preston, Benjamin AU - Tangen, Stefan AU - Valeeva, Vilena C4 - f3fa0761-8412-46f5-9da4-b9b467bd8521 CY - Oslo, Norway PB - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program PY - 2017 SP - 177-216 ST - Adaptation T2 - Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic: Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Region TI - Adaptation ID - 26543 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper explores whether fundamental differences exist between urban and rural vulnerability to climate-induced changes in the fire regime of interior Alaska. We further examine how communities and fire managers have responded to these changes and what additional adaptations could be put in place. We take a case study approach, and draw conclusions from the application of a variety of social science methods including demographic analysis, semi-structured interviews, surveys, workshops, and observations of public meetings. This work is part of an interdisciplinary study of feedbacks and interactions between climate, vegetation, fire, and human components of the boreal forest social ecological system of interior Alaska. We have learned that while urban and rural communities in Interior Alaska face similar increased exposure to wildfire due to climate change, important differences exist in their sensitivity to these biophysical, climate induced changes. In particular, reliance on wildfoods, delayed suppression response, financial resources and institutional connections vary between urban and rural communities. These differences depend largely on social, economic and institutional factors and are not necessarily related to biophysical climate impacts per se. Fire management and suppression action motivated by policy, economic or other pressures, can serve as unintentional or indirect adaptation to climate change. However, this inadvertent response alone will not sufficiently reduce vulnerability to a changing fire regime. More deliberate and strategic responses will be required given the magnitude of expected climate change and the likely intensification of the fire regime in interior Alaska. AU - Trainor, Sarah F. AU - Chapin, F. Stuart, III AU - McGuire, A. David AU - Calef, Monika AU - Fresco, Nancy AU - Kwart, Mary AU - Duffy, Paul AU - Lovecraft, Amy Lauren AU - Rupp, T. Scott AU - DeWilde, La’Ona AU - Huntington, Orville AU - Natcher, David C. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1111/j.1751-8369.2009.00101.x IS - 1 PY - 2009 SE - 100 SP - 100-118 ST - Vulnerability and adaptation to climate-related fire impacts in rural and urban interior Alaska T2 - Polar Research TI - Vulnerability and adaptation to climate-related fire impacts in rural and urban interior Alaska VL - 28 ID - 15647 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Trainor, Sarah F. AU - Chapin III, F. Stuart AU - Huntington, Henry P. AU - Natcher, David C. AU - Kofinas, Gary DO - 10.1080/13549830701657414 IS - 6 PY - 2007 SP - 627-643 ST - Arctic climate impacts: Environmental injustice in Canada and the United States T2 - Local Environment: International Journal of Justice and Sustainability TI - Arctic climate impacts: Environmental injustice in Canada and the United States VL - 12 ID - 22314 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Parris, Adam A2 - Garfin, Gregg A2 - Dow, Kirstin A2 - Meyer, Ryan A2 - Close, Sarah L. AU - Trainor, Sarah F. AU - Kettle, Nathan P. AU - Gamble, J. Brook C4 - c8083d6d-1204-4f05-8f33-5bd3016fcbb8 CY - Chichester, West Sussex PB - UK Wiley PY - 2016 SE - 6 SN - 978-1-118-47479-2 SP - 117-138 ST - Not another webinar! Regional webinars as a platform for climate knowledge-to-action networking in Alaska T2 - Climate In Context: Science and Society Partnering for Adaptation TI - Not another webinar! Regional webinars as a platform for climate knowledge-to-action networking in Alaska ID - 22315 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Trainor, Sarah F. AU - Walsh, John E. AU - Gamble, J. Brook CY - Fairbanks, AK M1 - #16-1 NV - ACCAP Technical Report #16-1 PB - International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks PY - 2017 SP - 33 ST - Human Adaptation to Climate Change in Alaska: Overview and Recommendations for Future Research and Assessment T2 - Arctic TI - Human Adaptation to Climate Change in Alaska: Overview and Recommendations for Future Research and Assessment UR - https://accap.uaf.edu/resource/human-adaptation-to-climate-change-recommendations-technical-report ID - 22317 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Baglin, Chris AB - TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 33: Airport Climate Adaptation and Resilience reviews the range of risks to airports from projected climate change and the emerging approaches for handling them. AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine C4 - bde3292e-b7bb-4a48-b2ea-40a594f37eb5 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/22773 KW - Transportation and Infrastructure LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2012 SP - 87 ST - Airport Climate Adaptation and Resilience TI - Airport Climate Adaptation and Resilience ID - 26045 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Baglin, Chris AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 454: Response to Extreme Weather Impacts on Transportation Systems examines eight recent cases of extreme weather in the United States from the perspectives of transportation operations, maintenance, design, construction, planning, communications, interagency coordination, and data and knowledge management.Appendices C-H are only available in the PDF version of the report. AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine C4 - 7088ab60-2e3b-484f-811e-3590848901e6 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/22376 KW - Transportation and Infrastructure LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2014 SP - 92 ST - Response to Extreme Weather Impacts on Transportation Systems TI - Response to Extreme Weather Impacts on Transportation Systems ID - 26049 ER - TY - BOOK AB - TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 147: Climate Change Adaptation Planning: Risk Assessment for Airports provides guidance for practitioners to understand the specific impacts climate change may have on their airports. The guidebook may help practitioners develop adaptation actions and incorporate those actions into the airport’s planning processes.Accompanying the guidebook, an electronic assessment tool called Airport Climate Risk Operational Screening (ACROS) is enclosed as a CD-ROM. The tool uses a formula to compute an estimated level of risk for assets and operations at the airport. These airport-specific risks are then ranked to provide an enterprise-level estimate of the relative risk posed by each asset and operation.The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB’s website as an ISO image. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM ImageDownload the .ISO CD-ROM Image(Warning: This is a large file and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.)CD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. AU - Transportation Research Board AU - the National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine C4 - 0839c5e0-089d-4a65-bed3-f3fda2da96a8 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/23461 KW - Transportation and Infrastructure LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2015 SP - 128 ST - Climate Change Adaptation Planning: Risk Assessment for Airports TI - Climate Change Adaptation Planning: Risk Assessment for Airports ID - 26031 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Severe thunderstorms comprise an extreme class of deep convective clouds and produce high-impact weather such as destructive surface winds, hail, and tornadoes. This study addresses the question of how severe thunderstorm frequency in the United States might change because of enhanced global radiative forcing associated with elevated greenhouse gas concentrations. We use global climate models and a high-resolution regional climate model to examine the larger-scale (or “environmental”) meteorological conditions that foster severe thunderstorm formation. Across this model suite, we find a net increase during the late 21st century in the number of days in which these severe thunderstorm environmental conditions (NDSEV) occur. Attributed primarily to increases in atmospheric water vapor within the planetary boundary layer, the largest increases in NDSEV are shown during the summer season, in proximity to the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coastal regions. For example, this analysis suggests a future increase in NDSEV of 100% or more in locations such as Atlanta, GA, and New York, NY. Any direct application of these results to the frequency of actual storms also must consider the storm initiation. AU - Trapp, R.J. AU - Diffenbaugh, N.S. AU - Brooks, H.E. AU - Baldwin, M.E. AU - Robinson, E.D. AU - Pal, J.S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1073/pnas.0705494104 IS - 50 KW - climate change; United States; convective storm PY - 2007 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 19719-19723 ST - Changes in severe thunderstorm environment frequency during the 21st century caused by anthropogenically enhanced global radiative forcing T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Changes in severe thunderstorm environment frequency during the 21st century caused by anthropogenically enhanced global radiative forcing VL - 104 ID - 15650 ER - TY - CONF AU - Traynham, Michael S. CY - Greenville, SC PB - South Carolina Bar PY - 2017 SP - 27 ST - Dam safety in South Carolina T2 - 2017 South Carolina Bar Convention: Environment & Natural Resources Section/Administrative & Regulatory Law Committee Seminar TI - Dam safety in South Carolina UR - https://www.scbar.org/media/filer_public/d3/f9/d3f9fa3e-bc71-4143-8d50-63411c482fd7/environadmin_materials.pdf ID - 25409 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Treat, Claire C. AU - Natali, Susan M. AU - Ernakovich, Jessica AU - Iversen, Colleen M. AU - Lupascu, Massimo AU - McGuire, Anthony David AU - Norby, Richard J. AU - Roy Chowdhury, Taniya AU - Richter, Andreas AU - Šantrůčková, Hana AU - Schädel, Christina AU - Schuur, Edward A. G. AU - Sloan, Victoria L. AU - Turetsky, Merritt R. AU - Waldrop, Mark P. DO - 10.1111/gcb.12875 IS - 7 KW - anaerobic incubation arctic boreal carbon dioxide climate change methane permafrost PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 2787-2803 ST - A pan-Arctic synthesis of CH4 and CO2 production from anoxic soil incubations T2 - Global Change Biology TI - A pan-Arctic synthesis of CH4 and CO2 production from anoxic soil incubations VL - 21 ID - 20810 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Trebitz, Anett S. AU - Brazner, John C. AU - Danz, Nicholas P. AU - Pearson, Mark S. AU - Peterson, Gregory S. AU - Tanner, Danny K. AU - Taylor, Debra L. AU - West, Corlis W. AU - Hollenhorst, Thomas P. DA - 2009/08/01 DO - 10.1139/F09-089 IS - 8 PY - 2009 SN - 0706-652X SP - 1328-1342 ST - Geographic, anthropogenic, and habitat influences on Great Lakes coastal wetland fish assemblages T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences TI - Geographic, anthropogenic, and habitat influences on Great Lakes coastal wetland fish assemblages VL - 66 Y2 - 2017/09/19 ID - 21198 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Trebitz, Anett S. AU - Hoffman, Joel C. DA - 2015/03/04 DO - 10.1080/00028487.2014.982257 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SN - 0002-8487 SP - 352-372 ST - Coastal wetland support of Great Lakes fisheries: Progress from concept to quantification T2 - Transactions of the American Fisheries Society TI - Coastal wetland support of Great Lakes fisheries: Progress from concept to quantification VL - 144 ID - 21172 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Trenberth, Kevin E. DO - 10.1126/science.aac9225 IS - 6249 PY - 2015 SP - 691-692 ST - Has there been a hiatus? T2 - Science TI - Has there been a hiatus? VL - 349 ID - 20221 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Trent, R. B. CY - Sacramento, CA PB - California Department of Public Health PY - 2007 SP - 10 ST - Review of July 2006 heat wave related fatalities in California TI - Review of July 2006 heat wave related fatalities in California ID - 26399 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - van Wyk, Berte A2 - Adeniji-Neill, Dolapo AU - Tribble, J. Taylor C4 - bd22330f-9b7a-442d-975a-7030d0495a66 PB - Palgrave Macmillan US PY - 2014 SN - 978-1-137-38218-4 SP - 209-222 ST - Language ideology and policy in an American “Hot Spot”: Perspectives on Native American language education SV - Postcolonial Studies in Education T2 - Indigenous Concepts of Education: Toward Elevating Humanity for All Learners TI - Language ideology and policy in an American “Hot Spot”: Perspectives on Native American language education ID - 23234 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Trice, Amy CY - Washington, DC PB - American Rivers PY - 2016 SP - 32 ST - Daylighting Streams: Breathing Life into Urban Streams and Communities TI - Daylighting Streams: Breathing Life into Urban Streams and Communities UR - http://americanrivers.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/AmericanRivers_daylighting-streams-report.pdf ID - 21314 ER - TY - RPRT AU - TRIP CY - Washington, DC PB - TRIP PY - 2015 SP - 43 ST - Rural Connections: Challenges and Opportunities in America's Heartland TI - Rural Connections: Challenges and Opportunities in America's Heartland UR - http://www.tripnet.org/docs/Rural_Roads_TRIP_Report_May_2015.pdf ID - 23641 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Troccoli, Alberto AU - Harrison, Mike AU - Anderson, David L. T. AU - Mason, Simon J. DO - 10.1007/978-1-4020-6992-5 M1 - Nato Science Series: IV, vol. 82 PB - Springer Netherlands PY - 2008 SN - 978-1-4020-6992-5 978-1-4020-6990-1 978-1-4020-6991-8 SP - 467 ST - Seasonal Climate: Forecasting and Managing Risk TI - Seasonal Climate: Forecasting and Managing Risk ID - 24912 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is an enormous challenge for our communities, our country, and our world. Recently much attention has been paid to the physical impacts of climate change, including extreme heat events, droughts, extreme storms, and rising sea levels. However, much less attention has been paid to the psychological impacts. This article examines the likely psychological impacts of climate change, including anxiety, stress, and depression; increases in violence and aggression; and loss of community identity. Nurses can play a vital role in local and regional climate strategies by preparing their patients, health care facilities, and communities to effectively address the anticipated mental health impacts of climate change. AU - Trombley, Janna AU - Chalupka, Stephanie AU - Anderko, Laura DO - 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000515232.51795.fa IS - 4 KW - climate change disasters extreme weather mental health preparedness psychological distress resilience PY - 2017 SN - 0002-936X SP - 44-52 ST - Climate change and mental health T2 - AJN The American Journal of Nursing TI - Climate change and mental health VL - 117 ID - 23874 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Trostle, R. AU - Marti, D. AU - Rosen, S. AU - Westcott, P. PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service PY - 2011 SN - Outlook No. WRS-1103 SP - 29 ST - Why Have Food Commodity Prices Risen Again? TI - Why Have Food Commodity Prices Risen Again? UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/40481/7392_wrs1103.pdf?v=0 ID - 15662 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wilhite, Donald A2 - Pulwarty, Roger S. AU - Trotman, Adrian AU - Joyette, Antonio AU - Van Meerbeeck, Cedric AU - Mahon, Roche AU - Cox, Shelly-Ann AU - Cave, Neisha AU - Farrell, David C4 - 8402476f-b5d9-4313-938a-9d5993a66eaf CY - Boca Raton, FL ET - 2nd PB - CRC Press PY - 2017 SN - 9781138035645 SP - 431-450 ST - Drought risk management in the Caribbean community: Early warning information and other risk reduction considerations T2 - Drought and Water Crises: Integrating Science, Management, and Policy TI - Drought risk management in the Caribbean community: Early warning information and other risk reduction considerations ID - 24997 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We present two reconstructions of annual average temperature over temperate North America: a tree-ring based reconstruction at decadal resolution (1200–1980 CE) and a pollen-based reconstruction at 30 year resolution that extends back to 480 CE. We maximized reconstruction length by using long but low-resolution pollen records and applied a three-tier calibration scheme for this purpose. The tree-ring-based reconstruction was calibrated against instrumental annual average temperatures on annual and decadal scale, it was then reduced to a lower resolution, and was used as a calibration target for the pollen-based reconstruction. Before the late-19th to the early-21st century, there are three prominent low-frequency periods in our extended reconstruction starting at 480 CE, notably the Dark Ages cool period (about 500–700 CE) and Little Ice Age (about 1200–1900 CE), and the warmer medieval climate anomaly (MCA; about 750–1100 CE). The 9th and the 11th century are the warmest centuries and they constitute the core of the MCA in our reconstruction, a period characterized by centennial-scale aridity in the North American West. These two warm peaks are slightly warmer than the baseline period (1904–1980), but nevertheless much cooler than temperate North American temperatures during the early-21st century. AU - Trouet, V. AU - Diaz, H. F. AU - Wahl, E. R. AU - Viau, A. E. AU - Graham, R. AU - Graham, N. AU - Cook, E. R. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024008 IS - 2 PY - 2013 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 024008 ST - A 1500-year reconstruction of annual mean temperature for temperate North America on decadal-to-multidecadal time scales T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - A 1500-year reconstruction of annual mean temperature for temperate North America on decadal-to-multidecadal time scales VL - 8 ID - 19673 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Maize water production functions measured in a 4-year field trial in the US central high plains were curvilinear with 2.0 kg m−3 water productivity at full irrigation that resulted from 12.5 Mg ha−1 grain yields with 630 mm of crop evapotranspiration, ETc. The curvilinear functions show decreasing yield but relatively constant water productivity up to 25% ETc reduction. Water productivity declined rapidly with ETc reductions greater than 25% and was zero at about 40% of full ETc because about 270 mm of ETc was required to produce the first unit of grain yield. These results corroborate those of previous studies that show reduction in irrigated area rather than deficit irrigation will usually provide higher net returns if water consumption (ETc) is limited. Water balance techniques adequately estimated ETc when precision irrigation was carefully scheduled and seasonal precipitation was low. Water productivity relationships based on ETc are more transferable than those based on irrigation water applied. AU - Trout, Thomas J. AU - DeJonge, Kendall C. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s00271-017-0540-1 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1432-1319 SP - 251-266 ST - Water productivity of maize in the US high plains T2 - Irrigation Science TI - Water productivity of maize in the US high plains VL - 35 ID - 25534 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Trtanj, Juli AU - Jantarasami, Lesley AU - Brunkard, Joan AU - Collier, Tracy AU - Jacobs, John AU - Lipp, Erin AU - McLellan, Sandra AU - Moore, Stephanie AU - Paerl, Hans AU - Ravenscroft, John AU - Sengco, Mario AU - Thurston, Jeanette C4 - d4ed906f-cc7b-422c-aef1-96a1b1d5c80f CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J03F4MH4 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 157–188 ST - Ch. 6: Climate impacts on water-related illness T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 6: Climate impacts on water-related illness ID - 19378 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Humans rely on healthy forests to supply energy, building materials, and food and to provide services such as storing carbon, hosting biodiversity, and regulating climate. Defining forest health integrates utilitarian and ecosystem measures of forest condition and function, implemented across a range of spatial scales. Although native forests are adapted to some level of disturbance, all forests now face novel stresses in the form of climate change, air pollution, and invasive pests. Detecting how intensification of these stresses will affect the trajectory of forests is a major scientific challenge that requires developing systems to assess the health of global forests. It is particularly critical to identify thresholds for rapid forest decline, because it can take many decades for forests to restore the services that they provide.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/349/6250/814.full.pdf AU - Trumbore, S. AU - Brando, P. AU - Hartmann, H. DO - 10.1126/science.aac6759 IS - 6250 PY - 2015 SP - 814-818 ST - Forest health and global change T2 - Science TI - Forest health and global change VL - 349 ID - 21949 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Trumpickas, Justin AU - Shuter, Brian J. AU - Minns, Charles K. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.04.005 IS - 3 KW - Climate change PY - 2009 SN - 03801330 SP - 454-463 ST - Forecasting impacts of climate change on Great Lakes surface water temperatures T2 - Journal of Great Lakes Research TI - Forecasting impacts of climate change on Great Lakes surface water temperatures VL - 35 ID - 15666 ER - TY - DATA A2 - NASA AU - Tschudi, M. AU - Fowler, C. AU - Maslanik, J. AU - Stewart, J. S. AU - Meier, W. C4 - 7df9c196-d718-4c27-a00f-a146a322ae93 CY - Boulder, CO DO - 10.5067/PFSVFZA9Y85G PB - National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center PY - 2016 ST - EASE-Grid Sea Ice Age, Version 3 TI - EASE-Grid Sea Ice Age, Version 3 ID - 20562 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the arid Southwest, snowpack in mountains plays an essential role in supplying surface water resources. Water managers from the Navajo Nation monitor snowpack at nine snow survey stations located in the Chuska Mountains and Defiance Plateau in northern Arizona and New Mexico. We characterize these snowpack data for the period 1985-2014 and evaluate the efficacy of snowpack data collection efforts. Peak snow water equivalent occurs in early to mid-March depending on elevation. Variability in snowpack levels correlates highly among all sites (r > 0.64), but higher elevation sites in the Chuska Mountains correlate more strongly with one another compared to lower elevation sites and vice versa. Northern sites also correlate well with each other. A principal component analysis is used to create a weighted average time series of year-to-year peak snowpack variability. The first principal component showed no trend in increasing or decreasing Navajo Nation snowpack. Results from this research will provide the Navajo Nation Department of Water Resources information to help determine if any snow survey sites in the Chuska Mountains are redundant and can be discontinued to save time and money, while still providing snowpack information needed by the Navajo Nation. This summary of snowpack patterns, variability, and trends in the Chuska Mountains and Defiance Plateau will help the Navajo Nation to understand how snowpack and water resources respond to climate change and climate variability. AU - Tsinnajinnie, Lani M. AU - Gutzler, David S. AU - John, Jason DO - 10.1111/j.1936-704X.2018.03274.x IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - 124-138 ST - Navajo Nation snowpack variability from 1985-2014 and implications for water resources management T2 - Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education TI - Navajo Nation snowpack variability from 1985-2014 and implications for water resources management VL - 163 ID - 25996 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Abate, Randall S. A2 - Kronk Warner, Elizabeth Ann AB - Indigenous peoples occupy a unique niche within the climate justice movement, as many indigenous communities live subsistence lifestyles that are severely disrupted by the effects of climate change. Additionally, in many parts of the world, domestic law is applied differently to indigenous peoples than it is to their non-indigenous peers, further complicating the quest for legal remedies. The contributors to this book bring a range of expert legal perspectives to this complex discussion, offering both a comprehensive explanation of climate change-related problems faced by indigenous communities and a breakdown of various real world attempts to devise workable legal solutions. Regions covered include North and South America (Brazil, Canada, the US and the Arctic), the Pacific Islands (Fiji, Tuvalu and the Federated States of Micronesia), Australia and New Zealand, Asia (China and Nepal) and Africa (Kenya). AU - Tsosie, Rebecca C4 - f1c46c82-f14b-4829-a983-1ac11019a444 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing PY - 2013 SN - 978 1 78100 179 0 SP - 79-95 ST - Climate change and indigenous peoples: Comparative models of sovereignty T2 - Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples: The Search for Legal Remedies TI - Climate change and indigenous peoples: Comparative models of sovereignty ID - 24966 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Due to its semi-arid climate, the Navajo Nation, situated in the southwestern United States, is sensitive to small changes in precipitation. However, little information on patterns and causes of rainfall variation is available for this sparsely populated region. In order to study stability and variability over time, this study characterized hydroclimatic changes for the Navajo Nation over timescales of months to years based on data from 90 sites from 2002 to 2015. This research will help local water managers identify related precipitation areas within the region, compare Navajo Nation precipitation with climate indices to ascertain larger-scale atmospheric contributors to precipitation in the Four Corners region, and support future water planning in this understudied region. A vector quantization method, called k-means clustering, identified five sub-regions of contrasting precipitation climatology. The regions differed in the timing, magnitude, and relative importance of the winter and summer peaks comprising the bimodal precipitation regime of the area. Correlation examination of spatial and temporal trends of precipitation variability with three climate indices revealed strong winter precipitation relationships to the Pacific North American teleconnection pattern for all regions; summer precipitation teleconnections were weaker and more variable; however, modest correlations with Pacific Decadal Oscillation were observed. Climate field analysis indicates that cold-season precipitation is enhanced by intensification of the Aleutian Low with a storm trajectory into the southwest United States; warm season precipitation is enhanced by poleward shift of the North American monsoon ridge. AU - Tulley-Cordova, Crystal L. AU - Strong, Courtenay AU - Brady, Irving P. AU - Bekis, Jerome AU - Bowen, Gabriel J. DO - 10.1111/j.1936-704X.2018.03273.x IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - 109-123 ST - Navajo Nation, USA, precipitation variability from 2002 to 2015 T2 - Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education TI - Navajo Nation, USA, precipitation variability from 2002 to 2015 VL - 163 ID - 25995 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Summer fires frequently rage across Mediterranean Europe, often intensified by high temperatures and droughts. According to the state-of-the-art regional fire risk projections, in forthcoming decades climate effects are expected to become stronger and possibly overcome fire prevention efforts. However, significant uncertainties exist and the direct effect of climate change in regulating fuel moisture (e.g. warmer conditions increasing fuel dryness) could be counterbalanced by the indirect effects on fuel structure (e.g. warmer conditions limiting fuel amount), affecting the transition between climate-driven and fuel-limited fire regimes as temperatures increase. Here we analyse and model the impact of coincident drought and antecedent wet conditions (proxy for the climatic factor influencing total fuel and fine fuel structure) on the summer Burned Area (BA) across all eco-regions in Mediterranean Europe. This approach allows BA to be linked to the key drivers of fire in the region. We show a statistically significant relationship between fire and same-summer droughts in most regions, while antecedent climate conditions play a relatively minor role, except in few specific eco-regions. The presented models for individual eco-regions provide insights on the impacts of climate variability on BA, and appear to be promising for developing a seasonal forecast system supporting fire management strategies. AU - Turco, Marco AU - von Hardenberg, Jost AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Llasat, Maria Carmen AU - Provenzale, Antonello AU - Trigo, Ricardo M. DA - 2017/03/06 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-00116-9 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 81 ST - On the key role of droughts in the dynamics of summer fires in Mediterranean Europe T2 - Scientific Reports TI - On the key role of droughts in the dynamics of summer fires in Mediterranean Europe VL - 7 ID - 23586 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We reconstruct the evolution of ocean acidification in the California Current System (CalCS) from 1979 through 2012 using hindcast simulations with an eddy-resolving ocean biogeochemical model forced with observation-based variations of wind and fluxes of heat and freshwater. We find that domain-wide pH and ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1748-9326/11/1/014007/erlaa1041ieqn1.gif] {${{\rm{\Omega }}}_{\mathrm{arag}}$} in the top 60 m of the water column decreased significantly over these three decades by about −0.02 decade −1 and −0.12 decade −1 , respectively. In the nearshore areas of northern California and Oregon, ocean acidification is reconstructed to have progressed much more rapidly, with rates up to 30% higher than the domain-wide trends. Furthermore, ocean acidification penetrated substantially into the thermocline, causing a significant domain-wide shoaling of the aragonite saturation depth of on average −33 m decade −1 and up to −50 m decade −1 in the nearshore area of northern California. This resulted in a coast-wide increase in nearly undersaturated waters and the appearance of waters with ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1748-9326/11/1/014007/erlaa1041ieqn2.gif] {${{\rm{\Omega }}}_{\mathrm{arag}}\lt 1$} , leading to a substantial reduction of habitat suitability. Averaged over the whole domain, the main driver of these trends is the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 from the atmosphere. However, recent changes in the climatic forcing have substantially modulated these trends regionally. This is particularly evident in the nearshore regions, where the total trends in pH are up to 50% larger and trends in ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1748-9326/11/1/014007/erlaa1041ieqn3.gif] {${{\rm{\Omega }}}_{\mathrm{arag}}$} and in the aragonite saturation depth are even twice to three times larger than the purely atmospheric CO 2 -driven trends. This modulation in the nearshore regions is a result of the recent marked increase in alongshore wind stress, which brought elevated levels of dissolved inorganic carbon to the surface via upwelling. Our results demonstrate that changes in the climatic forcing need to be taken into consideration in future projections of the progression of ocean acidification in coastal upwelling regions. AU - Turi, G. AU - Lachkar, Z. AU - Gruber, N. AU - Münnich, M. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/1/014007 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 014007 ST - Climatic modulation of recent trends in ocean acidification in the California Current System T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Climatic modulation of recent trends in ocean acidification in the California Current System VL - 11 ID - 24913 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Turner, Andrea AU - White, Stuart AU - Chong, Joanne AU - Dickinson, Mary Ann AU - Cooley, Heather AU - Donnelly, Kristina CY - Broadway, NSW, Australia PB - University of Technology, Institute for Sustainable Futures PY - 2016 SP - 93 ST - Managing Drought: Learning From Australia TI - Managing Drought: Learning From Australia UR - http://pacinst.org/publication/managing-drought-learning-from-australia/ ID - 24160 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Turner, A. J. AU - Fiore, A. M. AU - Horowitz, L. W. AU - Bauer, M. DO - 10.5194/acp-13-565-2013 IS - 2 N1 - ACP PY - 2013 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 565-578 ST - Summertime cyclones over the Great Lakes Storm Track from 1860–2100: Variability, trends, and association with ozone pollution T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Summertime cyclones over the Great Lakes Storm Track from 1860–2100: Variability, trends, and association with ozone pollution VL - 13 ID - 24233 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Turner, Toni AU - Brekke, Levi CY - Boise, ID PB - Bureau of Reclamation, Pacific Northwest Regional Office PY - 2011 SP - 201 ST - Climate and Hydrology Datasets for Use in the RMJOC Agencies’ Longer-Term Planning Studies: Part II—Reservoir Operations Assessment for Reclamation Tributary Basins TI - Climate and Hydrology Datasets for Use in the RMJOC Agencies’ Longer-Term Planning Studies: Part II—Reservoir Operations Assessment for Reclamation Tributary Basins UR - https://www.usbr.gov/pn/climate/planning/reports/part2.pdf ID - 24757 ER - TY - RPRT AU - TVA CY - Knoxville, TN PB - Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) PY - 2014 SP - 43 ST - Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan TI - Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan UR - https://www.tva.gov/file_source/TVA/Site%20Content/About%20TVA/Guidelines%20and%20Reports/Sustainability%20Plans%20and%20Performance/TVA_Climate_Change_Adaptation_Plan_2014.pdf ID - 21382 ER - TY - JOUR AB - River deltas all over the world are sinking beneath sea-level rise, causing significant threats to natural and social systems. This is due to the combined effects of anthropogenic changes to sediment supply and river flow, subsidence, and sea-level rise, posing an immediate threat to the 500–1,000 million residents, many in megacities that live on deltaic coasts. The Mississippi River Deltaic Plain (MRDP) provides examples for many of the functions and feedbacks, regarding how human river management has impacted source-sink processes in coastal deltaic basins, resulting in human settlements more at risk to coastal storms. The survival of human settlement on the MRDP is arguably coupled to a shifting mass balance between a deltaic landscape occupied by either land built by the Mississippi River or water occupied by the Gulf of Mexico. We developed an approach to compare 50 % L:W isopleths (L:W is ratio of land to water) across the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne Basins to test landscape behavior over the last six decades to measure delta instability in coastal deltaic basins as a function of reduced sediment supply from river flooding. The Atchafalaya Basin, with continued sediment delivery, compared to Terrebonne Basin, with reduced river inputs, allow us to test assumptions of how coastal deltaic basins respond to river management over the last 75 years by analyzing landward migration rate of 50 % L:W isopleths between 1932 and 2010. The average landward migration for Terrebonne Basin was nearly 17,000 m (17 km) compared to only 22 m in Atchafalaya Basin over the last 78 years (p < 0.001), resulting in migration rates of 218 m/year (0.22 km/year) and <0.5 m/year, respectively. In addition, freshwater vegetation expanded in Atchafalaya Basin since 1949 compared to migration of intermediate and brackish marshes landward in the Terrebonne Basin. Changes in salt marsh vegetation patterns were very distinct in these two basins with gain of 25 % in the Terrebonne Basin compared to 90 % decrease in the Atchafalaya Basin since 1949. These shifts in vegetation types as L:W ratio decreases with reduced sediment input and increase in salinity also coincide with an increase in wind fetch in Terrebonne Bay. In the upper Terrebonne Bay, where the largest landward migration of the 50 % L:W ratio isopleth occurred, we estimate that the wave power has increased by 50–100 % from 1932 to 2010, as the bathymetric and topographic conditions changed, and increase in maximum storm-surge height also increased owing to the landward migration of the L:W ratio isopleth. We argue that this balance of land relative to water in this delta provides a much clearer understanding of increased flood risk from tropical cyclones rather than just estimates of areal land loss. We describe how coastal deltaic basins of the MRDP can be used as experimental landscapes to provide insights into how varying degrees of sediment delivery to coastal deltaic floodplains change flooding risks of a sinking delta using landward migrations of 50 % L:W isopleths. The nonlinear response of migrating L:W isopleths as wind fetch increases is a critical feedback effect that should influence human river-management decisions in deltaic coast. Changes in land area alone do not capture how corresponding landscape degradation and increased water area can lead to exponential increase in flood risk to human populations in low-lying coastal regions. Reduced land formation in coastal deltaic basins (measured by changes in the land:water ratio) can contribute significantly to increasing flood risks by removing the negative feedback of wetlands on wave and storm-surge that occur during extreme weather events. Increased flood risks will promote population migration as human risks associated with living in a deltaic landscape increase, as land is submerged and coastal inundation threats rise. These system linkages in dynamic deltaic coasts define a balance of river management and human settlement dependent on a certain level of land area within coastal deltaic basins (L) AU - Twilley, Robert R. AU - Bentley, Samuel J. AU - Chen, Qin AU - Edmonds, Douglas A. AU - Hagen, Scott C. AU - Lam, Nina S.-N. AU - Willson, Clinton S. AU - Xu, Kehui AU - Braud, DeWitt AU - Hampton Peele, R. AU - McCall, Annabeth DA - July 01 DO - 10.1007/s11625-016-0374-4 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1862-4057 SP - 711-731 ST - Co-evolution of wetland landscapes, flooding, and human settlement in the Mississippi River Delta Plain T2 - Sustainability Science TI - Co-evolution of wetland landscapes, flooding, and human settlement in the Mississippi River Delta Plain VL - 11 ID - 24385 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U. N. Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) Team CY - Geneva, Switzerland DA - 2005/04/01/ NV - OCHA Situation Report No. 5 PB - U. N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs PY - 2005 ST - Cook Islands and Tokelau: Tropical Cyclone Percy TI - Cook Islands and Tokelau: Tropical Cyclone Percy UR - https://reliefweb.int/report/cook-islands/cook-islands-and-tokelau-tropical-cyclone-percy-ocha-situation-report-no-5 ID - 22373 ER - TY - WEB AU - U. S. Energy Information Administration DA - 2017 PB - EIA, Independent Statistics & Analysis PY - 2018 ST - Electricity Data Browser [web tool] TI - Electricity Data Browser [web tool] UR - https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/ ID - 22372 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division CY - New York, NY PB - U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs PY - 2017 SP - 46 ST - World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. Key Findings and Advance Tables TI - World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. Key Findings and Advance Tables UR - https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf ID - 23651 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Arctic Research Commission CY - Arlington, VA and Anchorage, AK PB - U.S. Arctic Research Commission PY - 2013 SP - 24 ST - Report on the Goals and Objectives for Arctic Research 2013-2014 TI - Report on the Goals and Objectives for Arctic Research 2013-2014 UR - https://storage.googleapis.com/arcticgov-static/publications/goals/usarc_goals_2013-14.pdf ID - 25856 ER - TY - PRESS AU - U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis CY - Washington, DC DA - 11 May 2017 M1 - 13 PB - U.S. Department of Commerce PY - 2017 ST - Gross Domestic Product by State: Fourth Quarter and Annual 2016 T2 - BEA 17-22 TI - Gross Domestic Product by State: Fourth Quarter and Annual 2016 UR - https://apps.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_state/2017/pdf/qgsp0517.pdf ID - 21249 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Bureau of Land Management AU - U.S. Department of Energy CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy PY - 2012 SN - DOE/EIS-0403 SP - various ST - Solar Energy Development in Six Southwestern States (AZ, CA, CO, NV, NM, and UT): Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement TI - Solar Energy Development in Six Southwestern States (AZ, CA, CO, NV, NM, and UT): Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement UR - https://www.energy.gov/nepa/downloads/eis-0403-final-programmatic-environmental-impact-statement ID - 26390 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Bureau of Reclamation CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation PY - 2014 SP - 50 ST - Reclamation: Managing Water in the West, Climate Change Adaptation Strategy TI - Reclamation: Managing Water in the West, Climate Change Adaptation Strategy UR - https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=760006 ID - 23644 ER - TY - PRESS AU - U.S. Census Bureau CY - Washington, DC DA - May 21 M1 - Release Number: CD15-89 PY - 2015 ST - Ten U.S. Cities Now Have 1 Million People or More; California and Texas Each Have Three of These Places [Release Number: CD15-89] TI - Ten U.S. Cities Now Have 1 Million People or More; California and Texas Each Have Three of These Places [Release Number: CD15-89] UR - https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2015/cb15-89.html Y2 - June 15, 2017 ID - 25816 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Census Bureau CY - Washington, DC DA - 2016 PB - U.S. Census Bureau PY - 2016 ST - Data: State Population Totals Tables: 2010-2016 TI - Data: State Population Totals Tables: 2010-2016 UR - https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk ID - 22399 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Census Bureau CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Census Bureau PY - 2016 ST - Measuring America: Our Changing Landscape [Infographic] TI - Measuring America: Our Changing Landscape [Infographic] UR - https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/visualizations/2016/comm/acs-rural-urban.pdf ID - 23056 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Census Bureau CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Census Bureau PY - 2016 ST - QuickFacts [web tool] TI - QuickFacts [web tool] UR - https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/map/US/IPE120216 ID - 25917 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Census Bureau CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division PY - 2017 ST - Monthly Population Estimates for the United States: April 1, 2010 to December 1, 2017 TI - Monthly Population Estimates for the United States: April 1, 2010 to December 1, 2017 UR - https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk ID - 23909 ER - TY - BLOG AU - U.S. Census Bureau CY - Washington, DC DA - November 8, 2017 M1 - October 6 PB - U.S. Census Bureau PY - 2017 ST - American Indian and Alaska Native Heritage Month: November 2017 T2 - Facts for Features TI - American Indian and Alaska Native Heritage Month: November 2017 UR - https://www.census.gov/newsroom/facts-for-features/2017/aian-month.html ID - 25991 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Census Bureau CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Census Bureau PY - 2018 ST - Table A-2. Annual Inmigration, Outmigration,Net Migration and Movers from Abroad for Regions: 1981-2017 T2 - CPS Historical Migration/Geographic Mobility Tables TI - Table A-2. Annual Inmigration, Outmigration,Net Migration and Movers from Abroad for Regions: 1981-2017 UR - https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/geographic-mobility/historic.html ID - 26261 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Census Bureau American FactFinder CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division PY - 2017 ST - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016 TI - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016 UR - https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=PEP_2016_PEPANNRES&src=pt ID - 23179 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Climate Alliance PB - U.S. Climate Alliance PY - 2018 ST - United States Climate Alliance: States United for Climate Action [web site] TI - United States Climate Alliance: States United for Climate Action [web site] UR - https://www.usclimatealliance.org/ ID - 24527 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of Agriculture CY - Raleigh, NC PB - USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service PY - 2016 SN - TP E-300, Ver. 2.2 SP - 124 ST - Guidelines for the USDA-APHIS-PPQ Weed Risk Assessment Process TI - Guidelines for the USDA-APHIS-PPQ Weed Risk Assessment Process UR - https://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/weeds/downloads/wra/wra-guidelines.pdf ID - 25752 ER - TY - CHAP AU - U.S. Department of Energy C4 - f86019e7-6177-4019-ad82-bb4a0545b796 CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy PY - 2015 SE - 8 SP - 276-319 ST - Advancing clean transportation and vehicle systems and technologies (Ch.8) T2 - Quadrennial Technology Review 2015: An Assessment of Energy Technologies and Research Opportunities TI - Advancing clean transportation and vehicle systems and technologies (Ch.8) UR - https://energy.gov/under-secretary-science-and-energy/quadrennial-technology-review-2015 ID - 24570 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of State CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. State Department PY - 2016 SP - 75 ST - Second Biennial Report of the United States of America TI - Second Biennial Report of the United States of America UR - http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/biennial_reports_and_iar/submitted_biennial_reports/application/pdf/2016_second_biennial_report_of_the_united_states_.pdf ID - 20628 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of State AU - USAID CY - Washington, DC NV - Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review PB - U.S. State Department and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) PY - 2015 SP - 88 ST - Enduring Leadership in a Dynamic World TI - Enduring Leadership in a Dynamic World UR - https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=767554 ID - 22040 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of State AU - USAID CY - Washington, DC PY - 2018 SP - 61 ST - FY 2018-2022 Department of State and USAID Joint Strategic Plan TI - FY 2018-2022 Department of State and USAID Joint Strategic Plan UR - https://www.state.gov/s/d/rm/rls/dosstrat/2018/index.htm ID - 25776 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of the Interior CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of the Interior PY - 2016 SP - 55 ST - Safeguarding America’s Lands and Waters from Invasive Species: A National Framework for Early Detection and Rapid Response TI - Safeguarding America’s Lands and Waters from Invasive Species: A National Framework for Early Detection and Rapid Response UR - https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/National%20EDRR%20Framework.pdf ID - 23479 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of the Interior CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of the Interior PY - 2016 SP - 5 ST - The Innovation Summit: Vision + Science + Technology = Solutions TI - The Innovation Summit: Vision + Science + Technology = Solutions UR - https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/innovation_summit_report_2016.pdf ID - 23480 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service AU - U.S. Department of Commerce Census Bureau NV - FHW/06-ND PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service PY - 2008 SP - 81 ST - 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: North Dakota TI - 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: North Dakota UR - https://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/fhw06-nd.pdf ID - 21655 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service AU - U.S. Department of Commerce Census Bureau NV - FHW/11-MT (RV) PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service PY - 2013 SP - 82 ST - 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: Montana TI - 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: Montana UR - https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/fhw11-mt.pdf ID - 21656 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service AU - U.S. Department of Commerce Census Bureau NV - FHW/11-NE (RV) PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service PY - 2013 SP - 82 ST - 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: Nebraska TI - 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: Nebraska UR - https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/fhw11-ne.pdf ID - 21657 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service AU - U.S. Department of Commerce Census Bureau NV - FHW/11-SD (RV) PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service PY - 2014 SP - 82 ST - 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: South Dakota TI - 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: South Dakota UR - https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/fhw11-sd.pdf ID - 21658 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service AU - U.S. Department of Commerce Census Bureau NV - FHW/11-WY (RV) PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service PY - 2014 SP - 82 ST - 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: Wyoming TI - 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: Wyoming UR - https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/fhw11-wy.pdf ID - 21659 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service AU - U.S. Department of Commerce Census Bureau PB - U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service PY - 2014 SN - FHW/11-NAT (RV) SP - 161 ST - 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation TI - 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation UR - https://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/fhw11-nat.pdf ID - 26527 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of Transportation CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Transportation PY - 2014 SP - 22 ST - U.S. Department of Transportation Climate Adaptation Plan: Ensuring Transportation Infrastructure and System Resilience TI - U.S. Department of Transportation Climate Adaptation Plan: Ensuring Transportation Infrastructure and System Resilience UR - https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.dev/files/docs/DOT%20Adaptation%20Plan.pdf ID - 24569 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of Transportation CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. DOT, Office of Highway Policy Information PY - 2015 SP - 11 ST - Traffic Volume Trends: December 2015 TI - Traffic Volume Trends: December 2015 UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/travel_monitoring/15dectvt/15dectvt.pdf ID - 26062 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Department of Transportation CY - Washington, DC PB - Office of the Secretary of Transportation PY - 2017 SP - 230 ST - Beyond Traffic: 2045 TI - Beyond Traffic: 2045 UR - https://www.transportation.gov/policy-initiatives/beyond-traffic-2045-final-report ID - 24568 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. DOE CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability PY - n.d. ST - Learn more about interconnections TI - Learn more about interconnections UR - https://energy.gov/oe/services/electricity-policy-coordination-and-implementation/transmission-planning/recovery-act-0 ID - 23986 ER - TY - BLOG AU - U.S. EDA CY - Washington, DC M1 - September PB - U.S. Economic Development Administration (U.S. EDA) PY - 2017 ST - Success story: Economic disaster recovery—The calm after the storm T2 - EDA Newsroom TI - Success story: Economic disaster recovery—The calm after the storm UR - https://www.eda.gov/news/blogs/2017/09/01/success.htm ID - 26063 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Federal Government CY - Washington, DC KW - added by ERG PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 ST - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Environment and Natural Resources [web page] TI - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Environment and Natural Resources [web page] UR - https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/built-environment/environment-and-natural-resources ID - 23160 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Federal Government CY - Washington, DC KW - added by ERG PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 ST - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Coastal Erosion [web page] TI - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Coastal Erosion [web page] UR - https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/coastal-flood-risk/coastal-erosion ID - 26126 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Federal Government CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 ST - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Quinault Indian Nation Plans for Village Relocation [web site] TI - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Quinault Indian Nation Plans for Village Relocation [web site] UR - https://toolkit.climate.gov/case-studies/quinault-indian-nation-plans-village-relocation ID - 24802 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Federal Government CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 ST - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Tribal Nations [web site] TI - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Tribal Nations [web site] UR - https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/tribal-nations ID - 26064 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Federal Government CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 ST - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Oyster Growers Prepare for Changing Ocean Chemistry [web page] TI - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Oyster Growers Prepare for Changing Ocean Chemistry [web page] UR - https://toolkit.climate.gov/case-studies/oyster-growers-prepare-changing-ocean-chemistry ID - 26280 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Federal Government CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 ST - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo Nation [web site] TI - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo Nation [web site] UR - https://toolkit.climate.gov/videos/record-change-science-and-elder-observations-navajo-nation ID - 26381 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Federal Government CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 ST - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit [web site] TI - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit [web site] UR - https://toolkit.climate.gov/ ID - 26018 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Federal Government CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 ST - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Case Studies [web site] TI - U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Case Studies [web site] UR - https://toolkit.climate.gov/case-studies ID - 26065 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Federal Government CY - Washington, DC PB - United States Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 ST - Fortifying Chicago's Urban Forest [web site] TI - Fortifying Chicago's Urban Forest [web site] UR - https://toolkit.climate.gov/case-studies/fortifying-chicagos-urban-forest ID - 26427 ER - TY - JOUR AU - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service C6 - NCA IS - 95 PY - 2008 SP - 28211-28303 ST - Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of threatened status for the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) throughout its range; Final rule T2 - Federal Register TI - Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of threatened status for the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) throughout its range; Final rule UR - http://www.fws.gov/policy/library/2008/E8-11105.html VL - 73 ID - 15751 ER - TY - JOUR AU - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service IS - 26 PY - 2010 SP - 6438-6471 ST - Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; 12-month finding on a petition to list the American pika as threatened or endangered; Proposed rule T2 - Federal Register TI - Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; 12-month finding on a petition to list the American pika as threatened or endangered; Proposed rule UR - https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2010/02/09/2010-2405/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-12-month-finding-on-a-petition-to-list-the-american VL - 75 ID - 25672 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service PB - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Refuge System PY - 2014 SP - 35 ST - Biological Carbon Sequestration Accomplishments Report 2009-2013 TI - Biological Carbon Sequestration Accomplishments Report 2009-2013 UR - https://www.fws.gov/refuges/vision/pdfs/BiologicalCarbonSequestrationAccomplishmentsReport2009_2013.pdf ID - 25671 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Forest Service CY - Washington, DC PB - USDA, Forest Service PY - 2015 SP - 16 ST - The Rising Cost of Wildfire Operations: Effects on the Forest Service’s Non-Fire Work TI - The Rising Cost of Wildfire Operations: Effects on the Forest Service’s Non-Fire Work UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/files/2015-Fire-Budget-Report.pdf ID - 26073 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. GAO CY - Washington, DC NV - GAO-14-446 PB - U. S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) PY - 2014 SP - 62 ST - Climate Change Adaptation: DOD Can Improve Infrastructure Planning and Processes to Better Account for Potential Impacts TI - Climate Change Adaptation: DOD Can Improve Infrastructure Planning and Processes to Better Account for Potential Impacts UR - http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-14-446 ID - 22041 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. GAO CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Government Accountability Office PY - 2016 SN - GAO-16-453 SP - 80 ST - Coast Guard: Arctic Strategy Is Underway, but Agency Could Better Assess How Its Actions Mitigate Known Arctic Capability Gaps TI - Coast Guard: Arctic Strategy Is Underway, but Agency Could Better Assess How Its Actions Mitigate Known Arctic Capability Gaps UR - https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-16-453 ID - 25775 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Geological Survey CY - Reston, VA PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2011 ST - Gap Analysis Program (GAP): National Land Cover, Version 2. TI - Gap Analysis Program (GAP): National Land Cover, Version 2. UR - https://gapanalysis.usgs.gov/gaplandcover/data/ ID - 23903 ER - TY - WEB AU - U.S. Geological Survey CY - Santa Cruz, CA PB - USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PY - 2018 ST - Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) [web tool] TI - Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) [web tool] UR - https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/coastal_processes/cosmos/ ID - 25477 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S. Navy CY - Washington, DC PB - Navy's Task Force Climate Change PY - 2014 SP - 47 ST - The United States Navy Arctic Roadmap for 2014 to 2030 TI - The United States Navy Arctic Roadmap for 2014 to 2030 UR - https://www.navy.mil/docs/USN_arctic_roadmap.pdf ID - 22257 ER - TY - RPRT AU - U.S.-Canada Power System Outage Task Force CY - Washington, DC and Ottawa, Canada PB - U.S.-Canada Power System Outage Task Force PY - 2004 SP - 228 ST - August 14, 2003 Blackout in the United States and Canada: Causes and Recommendations. Final Report TI - August 14, 2003 Blackout in the United States and Canada: Causes and Recommendations. Final Report UR - https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/oeprod/DocumentsandMedia/BlackoutFinal-Web.pdf ID - 25309 ER - TY - RPRT AB - El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts the supply and, to some extent, the demand for primary commodities. But what are the consequences of this climatic phenomenon for these commodity price dynamics? I consider monthly series of 43 primary commodity prices and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Nino3.4 region from January 1980 to December 2016. The SST anomalies serve as a proxy for ENSO, as persistent positive (negative) SST deviations from their historical mean are associated with El Nino (La Nina) events. I apply a family of time-varying smooth transition autoregressive models to account for potentially complex dynamic relationships between SST anomalies and prices. Overall, the estimated nonlinearities bring out more amplified price responses during El Nino events, and at the onset of the ENSO cycle. I find statistically significant linkages between SST anomalies and a subset of agricultural commodity prices. This in-sample fit manifests in a forecasting environment for the commodities produced in the tropics. While I also find some in-sample evidence for prices of selected nonagricultural commodities, e.g., timber and metals, the ability of SST anomalies to predict these commodity prices in an out-of-sample setting is lacking. These findings carry important welfare implications, especially for developing economies that have been historically linked to the behavior of primary commodity prices, and offer valuable insights to policy makers working in areas related to economic growth and foreign aid programs, as well as those concerned with issues of farm income and rural poverty. AU - Ubilava, David CY - Syndey, Australia KW - Commodity Prices El Niño Southern Oscillation Nonlinear Dynamics Time-Varying Smooth Transition Autoregression NV - Working Paper 2016-10 PB - University of Sydney, School of Economics PY - 2016 SP - 36, vii ST - The Role of El Niño Southern Oscillation in Commodity Price Movement and Predictability TI - The Role of El Niño Southern Oscillation in Commodity Price Movement and Predictability UR - https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:syd:wpaper:2016-10 ID - 22122 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Udall, Bradley AU - Overpeck, Jonathan DO - 10.1002/2016WR019638 IS - 3 KW - Colorado River Basin climate change Colorado River Compact megadrought 1807 Climate impacts 1812 Drought 1833 Hydroclimatology 1880 Water management PY - 2017 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 2404-2418 ST - The twenty-first century Colorado River hot drought and implications for the future T2 - Water Resources Research TI - The twenty-first century Colorado River hot drought and implications for the future VL - 53 ID - 21537 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Udevitz, Mark S. AU - Taylor, Rebecca L. AU - Garlich-Miller, Joel L. AU - Quakenbush, Lori T. AU - Snyder, Jonathan A. DB - USGS Publications Warehouse DO - 10.1007/s00300-012-1259-3 IS - 2 PY - 2013 SP - 291-298 ST - Potential population-level effects of increased haulout-related mortality of Pacific walrus calves T2 - Polar Biology TI - Potential population-level effects of increased haulout-related mortality of Pacific walrus calves VL - 36 ID - 22318 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Vermeulen, Ben A2 - Paier, Manfred AB - Societies are addressing increasingly complex governance challenges that necessitate collaboration between many organizations. Harnessing the emergent abilities of these collective efforts requires new administrative strategies and techniques, but if done well also provides promise for addressing important social challenges. In Maricopa County Arizona the Department of Public Health reports 632 confirmed heat-associated deaths from 2006 to 2013. In response, public health and other organizations coordinate across the County with a collection of public and private organizations and non-profit groups to provide services for heat relief as cooling centers during the summer. Here we show how participatory modeling can be used as a tool to enable this ad-hoc collaborative network to self-organize to provide more efficient service. The voluntary nature of the network imposes a structure on cooling service provision as the locations and open hours of centers are largely based on other ongoing operations. There are consequently both gaps and redundancies in spatial and temporal cooling center availability that exist when the network is examined from a system perspective. Over the last year, we engaged members of the heat relief community in central Arizona in a participatory modeling effort to help improve a simple prototype agent-based model that visualizes relevant components of the regional Heat Relief Network’s function. Through this process, the members developed systemic awareness of both the challenges and opportunities of coordination across the network. This effort helped network members begin to see cooling centers from a systems perspective, leverage their ability to see dynamic cooling center availability spatially and temporally and thus increase opportunities to align services along both dimensions. Our collaboration with the Heat Relief Network in central Arizona highlights participatory modeling as an innovative means for translating evidence to practice and facilitating knowledge dissemination, two important elements for successful applications on complexity governance. AU - Uebelherr, Joshua AU - Hondula, David M. AU - Johnston, Erik W. C4 - beced1bd-55b2-4716-9154-cdccc23e3114 CY - Cham DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-43940-2_9 PB - Springer International Publishing PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-319-43940-2 SP - 215-236 ST - Using participatory modeling to enable local innovation through complexity governance T2 - Innovation Networks for Regional Development: Concepts, Case Studies, and Agent-Based Models TI - Using participatory modeling to enable local innovation through complexity governance ID - 25988 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study examined the relative importance of climate change and drinking-water treatment for gastrointestinal illness incidence in children (age <5 years) from period 2046–2065 compared to 1991–2010. The northern Wisconsin (USA) study focused on municipalities distributing untreated groundwater. A time-series analysis first quantified the observed (1991–2010) precipitation and gastrointestinal illness associations after controlling for seasonality and temporal trends. Precipitation likely transported pathogens into drinking-water sources or into leaking water-distribution networks. Building on observed relationships, the second analysis projected how climate change and drinking-water treatment installation may alter gastrointestinal illness incidence. Future precipitation values were modeled by 13 global climate models and three greenhouse-gas emissions levels. The second analysis was rerun using three pathways: (1) only climate change, (2) climate change and the same slow pace of treatment installation observed over 1991–2010, and (3) climate change and the rapid rate of installation observed over 2011–2016. The results illustrate the risks that climate change presents to small rural groundwater municipalities without drinking water treatment. Climate-change-related seasonal precipitation changes will marginally increase the gastrointestinal illness incidence rate (mean: ∼1.5%, range: −3.6–4.3%). A slow pace of treatment installation somewhat decreased precipitation-associated gastrointestinal illness incidence (mean: ∼3.0%, range: 0.2–7.8%) in spite of climate change. The rapid treatment installation rate largely decreases the gastrointestinal illness incidence (mean: ∼82.0%, range: 82.0–83.0%). AU - Uejio, Christopher K. AU - Christenson, Megan AU - Moran, Colleen AU - Gorelick, Mark DA - June 01 DO - 10.1007/s10040-016-1521-9 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1435-0157 SP - 969-979 ST - Drinking-water treatment, climate change, and childhood gastrointestinal illness projections for northern Wisconsin (USA) communities drinking untreated groundwater T2 - Hydrogeology Journal TI - Drinking-water treatment, climate change, and childhood gastrointestinal illness projections for northern Wisconsin (USA) communities drinking untreated groundwater VL - 25 ID - 21114 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Uejio, C.K. AU - Wilhelmi, O.V. AU - Golden, J.S. AU - Mills, D.M. AU - Gulino, S.P. AU - Samenow, J.P. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.12.005 IS - 2 PY - 2011 SN - 1353-8292 SP - 498-507 ST - Intra-urban societal vulnerability to extreme heat: The role of heat exposure and the built environment, socioeconomics, and neighborhood stability T2 - Health & Place TI - Intra-urban societal vulnerability to extreme heat: The role of heat exposure and the built environment, socioeconomics, and neighborhood stability VL - 17 ID - 15707 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ulmer, Jared M. AU - Wolf, Kathleen L. AU - Backman, Desiree R. AU - Tretheway, Raymond L. AU - Blain, Cynthia J. A. AU - O’Neil-Dunne, Jarlath P. M. AU - Frank, Lawrence D. DA - 2016/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.08.011 KW - Tree canopy Urban forest Built environment General health Obesity Psychosocial PY - 2016 SN - 1353-8292 SP - 54-62 ST - Multiple health benefits of urban tree canopy: The mounting evidence for a green prescription T2 - Health & Place TI - Multiple health benefits of urban tree canopy: The mounting evidence for a green prescription VL - 42 ID - 25989 ER - TY - RPRT AU - UN Global Compact PB - United Nations Global Compact PY - 2015 SN - A Caring for Climate Report SP - 94 ST - The Business Case for Responsible Corporate Adaptation: Strengthening Private Sector and Community Resilience TI - The Business Case for Responsible Corporate Adaptation: Strengthening Private Sector and Community Resilience UR - https://www.unglobalcompact.org/library/3701 ID - 25772 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Underwood, B. Shane AU - Guido, Zack AU - Gudipudi, Padmini AU - Feinberg, Yarden DA - 09/18/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3390 PY - 2017 SP - 704 ST - Increased costs to US pavement infrastructure from future temperature rise T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Increased costs to US pavement infrastructure from future temperature rise VL - 7 ID - 25206 ER - TY - RPRT AU - UNDP CY - New York, NY PB - United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) PY - 2011 SP - 126 ST - Paving the Way for Climate-Resilient Infrastructure: Guidance for Practitioners and Planners TI - Paving the Way for Climate-Resilient Infrastructure: Guidance for Practitioners and Planners UR - https://www.uncclearn.org/sites/default/files/inventory/undp_paving_the_way.pdf ID - 23181 ER - TY - RPRT AU - UNEP CY - Geneva, Switzerland PB - United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Finance Initiative PY - 2015 SP - 42 ST - Collaborating for Resilience—Partnerships That Builds Disaster-Resilient Communities and Economies TI - Collaborating for Resilience—Partnerships That Builds Disaster-Resilient Communities and Economies UR - http://www.unepfi.org/psi/collaborating-for-resilience/ ID - 25108 ER - TY - RPRT AU - UNEP CY - Nairobi, Kenya DA - 2016 N1 - ISBN: 9789280735529 PB - UN Environment Programme (UNEP) PY - 2016 RP - ISBN: 9789280735529 SP - 70 ST - Loss and Damage: The role of Ecosystem Services TI - Loss and Damage: The role of Ecosystem Services UR - http://collections.unu.edu/view/UNU:5614 ID - 22528 ER - TY - WEB AU - UNESCO CY - Paris, France M1 - March 23 PB - UNESCO’s Intangible Heritage Section PY - 2018 ST - What is intangible cultural heritage? TI - What is intangible cultural heritage? UR - https://ich.unesco.org/en/what-is-intangible-heritage-00003 VL - 2018 ID - 25998 ER - TY - RPRT AU - UNFCCC CY - Bonn, Germany PB - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change PY - 2015 SP - 25 ST - Paris Agreement TI - Paris Agreement UR - http://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf ID - 20129 ER - TY - RPRT AU - UNFCCC CY - Bonn, Germany PB - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change PY - 2018 ST - Paris Agreement—Status of ratification TI - Paris Agreement—Status of ratification UR - https://unfccc.int/process/the-paris-agreement/status-of-ratification ID - 26163 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ungerer, Matthew J. AU - Ayres, Matthew P. AU - Lombardero, María J. DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00363.x IS - 6 KW - Dendroctonus frontalis lower lethal temperature distribution southern forest Geographic Information System global change climatic variance PY - 1999 SN - 1365-2699 SP - 1133-1145 ST - Climate and the northern distribution limits of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) T2 - Journal of Biogeography TI - Climate and the northern distribution limits of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) VL - 26 ID - 24387 ER - TY - RPRT AU - UN-Habitat CY - Nairobi, Kenya N1 - ISBN: 978-92-1-132708-3 NV - HS/038/16E PB - United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) PY - 2016 RP - ISBN: 978-92-1-132708-3 SP - 247 ST - Urbanization and Development: Emerging Futures. World Cities report 2016 TI - Urbanization and Development: Emerging Futures. World Cities report 2016 UR - http://wcr.unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2016/05/WCR-%20Full-Report-2016.pdf ID - 23182 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Union of Concerned Scientists CY - Cambridge, MA PB - Union of Concerned Scientists PY - 2016 SP - 8 ST - The US Military on the Front Lines of Rising Seas TI - The US Military on the Front Lines of Rising Seas UR - https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2016/07/front-lines-of-rising-seas-naval-station-norfolk.pdf ID - 23980 ER - TY - RPRT AU - UNISDR CY - Geneva, Switzerland N1 - ISBN: 978-92-1-132042-8 PB - United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) PY - 2015 RP - ISBN: 978-92-1-132042-8 SP - 311 ST - Global Assessment Report (GAR) on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 TI - Global Assessment Report (GAR) on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 UR - https://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/42809 ID - 26161 ER - TY - BOOK AU - United Nations C4 - 56062c5c-6ecb-4aa2-89bb-0f0ec608338f CY - New York, NY M1 - Series F, no. 67 PB - United Nations PY - 1997 SN - 92-1-161386-8 SP - 83 ST - Glossary of Environmental Statistics TI - Glossary of Environmental Statistics UR - https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_67E.pdf ID - 22354 ER - TY - RPRT AU - UN-OHRLLS CY - New York, NY PB - Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (UN-OHRLLS) PY - 2011 SP - 28 ST - Small Island Developing States: Small Islands Big(ger) Stakes TI - Small Island Developing States: Small Islands Big(ger) Stakes UR - http://unohrlls.org/custom-content/uploads/2013/08/SIDS-Small-Islands-Bigger-Stakes.pdf ID - 25253 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Upperman, Crystal Romeo AU - Parker, Jennifer D. AU - Akinbami, Lara J. AU - Jiang, Chengsheng AU - He, Xin AU - Murtugudde, Raghuram AU - Curriero, Frank C. AU - Ziska, Lewis AU - Sapkota, Amir DA - 2017/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.09.016 IS - 2 KW - Allergy Allergic rhinitis Climate change Extreme heat events Extreme weather events Hay fever PY - 2017 SN - 2213-2198 SP - 435-441.e2 ST - Exposure to extreme heat events is associated with increased hay fever prevalence among nationally representative sample of US adults: 1997-2013 T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice TI - Exposure to extreme heat events is associated with increased hay fever prevalence among nationally representative sample of US adults: 1997-2013 VL - 5 ID - 24232 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Upton, John C4 - 05babf25-043c-4406-8df9-ab2e2da5cbd4 PY - 2017 ST - The injustice of Atlantic City’s floods T2 - Climate Central TI - The injustice of Atlantic City’s floods UR - http://reports.climatecentral.org/atlantic-city/sea-level-rise/ ID - 23979 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Upton, John CY - Princeton, NJ PB - Climate Central PY - 2017 ST - Breathing fire: Health is a causality of California’s climate-fueled blazes T2 - Climate Central News TI - Breathing fire: Health is a causality of California’s climate-fueled blazes UR - http://www.climatecentral.org/news/breathing-fire-california-air-quality-smoke-waves-21754 ID - 26130 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Urban Climate Change Research Network CY - New York, NY KW - urban climate change PB - Columbia University PY - 2015 ST - Climate Change and Cities. Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network. Summary for City Leaders TI - Climate Change and Cities. Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network. Summary for City Leaders UR - http://uccrn.org/arc3-2/ ID - 22864 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The United States is the largest producer of maize in the world, a crop for which demand continues to rise rapidly. Past studies have projected that climate change will negatively impact mean maize yields in this region, while at the same time increasing yield variability. However, some have questioned the accuracy of these projections because they are often based on indirect measures of soil moisture, have failed to explicitly capture the potential interactions between temperature and soil moisture availability, and often omit the beneficial effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) on transpiration efficiency. Here we use a new detailed dataset on field-level yields in Iowa, Indiana, and Illinois, along with fine-resolution daily weather data and moisture reconstructions, to evaluate the combined effects of moisture and heat on maize yields in the region. Projected climate change scenarios over this region from a suite of CMIP5 models are then used to assess future impacts and the differences between two contrasting emissions scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). We show that (i) statistical models which explicitly account for interactions between heat and moisture, which have not been represented in previous empirical models, lead to significant model improvement and significantly higher projected yield variability under warming and drying trends than when accounting for each factor independently; (ii) inclusion of the benefits of elevated CO 2 significantly reduces impacts, particularly for yield variability; and (iii) net damages from climate change and CO 2 become larger for the higher emission scenario in the latter half of the 21st century, and significantly so by the end of century. AU - Urban, Daniel W. AU - Sheffield, Justin AU - Lobell, David B. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/4/045003 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 045003 ST - The impacts of future climate and carbon dioxide changes on the average and variability of US maize yields under two emission scenarios T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - The impacts of future climate and carbon dioxide changes on the average and variability of US maize yields under two emission scenarios VL - 10 ID - 24462 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is great interest in understanding how species might respond to our changing climate, but predictions have varied greatly. Urban looked at over 130 studies to identify the level of risk that climate change poses to species and the specific traits and characteristics that contribute to risk (see the Perspective by Hille Ris Lambers). If climate changes proceed as expected, one in six species could face extinction. Several regions, including South America, Australia, and New Zealand, face the greatest risk. Understanding these patterns will help us to prepare for, and hopefully prevent, climate-related loss of biodiversity.Science, this issue p. 571; see also p. 501Current predictions of extinction risks from climate change vary widely depending on the specific assumptions and geographic and taxonomic focus of each study. I synthesized published studies in order to estimate a global mean extinction rate and determine which factors contribute the greatest uncertainty to climate change–induced extinction risks. Results suggest that extinction risks will accelerate with future global temperatures, threatening up to one in six species under current policies. Extinction risks were highest in South America, Australia, and New Zealand, and risks did not vary by taxonomic group. Realistic assumptions about extinction debt and dispersal capacity substantially increased extinction risks. We urgently need to adopt strategies that limit further climate change if we are to avoid an acceleration of global extinctions. AU - Urban, Mark C. DO - 10.1126/science.aaa4984 IS - 6234 PY - 2015 SP - 571-573 ST - Accelerating extinction risk from climate change T2 - Science TI - Accelerating extinction risk from climate change VL - 348 ID - 23462 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUNDAs global climate change accelerates, one of the most urgent tasks for the coming decades is to develop accurate predictions about biological responses to guide the effective protection of biodiversity. Predictive models in biology provide a means for scientists to project changes to species and ecosystems in response to disturbances such as climate change. Most current predictive models, however, exclude important biological mechanisms such as demography, dispersal, evolution, and species interactions. These biological mechanisms have been shown to be important in mediating past and present responses to climate change. Thus, current modeling efforts do not provide sufficiently accurate predictions. Despite the many complexities involved, biologists are rapidly developing tools that include the key biological processes needed to improve predictive accuracy. The biggest obstacle to applying these more realistic models is that the data needed to inform them are almost always missing. We suggest ways to fill this growing gap between model sophistication and information to predict and prevent the most damaging aspects of climate change for life on Earth.ADVANCESOn the basis of empirical and theoretical evidence, we identify six biological mechanisms that commonly shape responses to climate change yet are too often missing from current predictive models: physiology; demography, life history, and phenology; species interactions; evolutionary potential and population differentiation; dispersal, colonization, and range dynamics; and responses to environmental variation. We prioritize the types of information needed to inform each of these mechanisms and suggest proxies for data that are missing or difficult to collect. We show that even for well-studied species, we often lack critical information that would be necessary to apply more realistic, mechanistic models. Consequently, data limitations likely override the potential gains in accuracy of more realistic models. Given the enormous challenge of collecting this detailed information on millions of species around the world, we highlight practical methods that promote the greatest gains in predictive accuracy. Trait-based approaches leverage sparse data to make more general inferences about unstudied species. Targeting species with high climate sensitivity and disproportionate ecological impact can yield important insights about future ecosystem change. Adaptive modeling schemes provide a means to target the most important data while simultaneously improving predictive accuracy.OUTLOOKStrategic collections of essential biological information will allow us to build generalizable insights that inform our broader ability to anticipate species’ responses to climate change and other human-caused disturbances. By increasing accuracy and making uncertainties explicit, scientists can deliver improved projections for biodiversity under climate change together with characterizations of uncertainty to support more informed decisions by policymakers and land managers. Toward this end, a globally coordinated effort to fill data gaps in advance of the growing climate-fueled biodiversity crisis offers substantial advantages in efficiency, coverage, and accuracy. Biologists can take advantage of the lessons learned from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s development, coordination, and integration of climate change projections. Climate and weather projections were greatly improved by incorporating important mechanisms and testing predictions against global weather station data. Biology can do the same. We need to adopt this meteorological approach to predicting biological responses to climate change to enhance our ability to mitigate future changes to global biodiversity and the services it provides to humans.Emerging models are beginning to incorporate six key biological mechanisms that can improve predictions of biological responses to climate change.Models that include biological mechanisms have been used to project (clockwise from top) the evolution of disease-h rboring mosquitoes, future environments and land use, physiological responses of invasive species such as cane toads, demographic responses of penguins to future climates, climate-dependent dispersal behavior in butterflies, and mismatched interactions between butterflies and their host plants. Despite these modeling advances, we seldom have the detailed data needed to build these models, necessitating new efforts to collect the relevant data to parameterize more biologically realistic predictive models.New biological models are incorporating the realistic processes underlying biological responses to climate change and other human-caused disturbances. However, these more realistic models require detailed information, which is lacking for most species on Earth. Current monitoring efforts mainly document changes in biodiversity, rather than collecting the mechanistic data needed to predict future changes. We describe and prioritize the biological information needed to inform more realistic projections of species’ responses to climate change. We also highlight how trait-based approaches and adaptive modeling can leverage sparse data to make broader predictions. We outline a global effort to collect the data necessary to better understand, anticipate, and reduce the damaging effects of climate change on biodiversity. AU - Urban, M. C. AU - Bocedi, G. AU - Hendry, A. P. AU - Mihoub, J.-B. AU - Pe’er, G. AU - Singer, A. AU - Bridle, J. R. AU - Crozier, L. G. AU - De Meester, L. AU - Godsoe, W. AU - Gonzalez, A. AU - Hellmann, J. J. AU - Holt, R. D. AU - Huth, A. AU - Johst, K. AU - Krug, C. B. AU - Leadley, P. W. AU - Palmer, S. C. F. AU - Pantel, J. H. AU - Schmitz, A. AU - Zollner, P. A. AU - Travis, J. M. J. DO - 10.1126/science.aad8466 IS - 6304 PY - 2016 ST - Improving the forecast for biodiversity under climate change T2 - Science TI - Improving the forecast for biodiversity under climate change VL - 353 ID - 23463 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Equilibrium climate sensitivity measures the long‐term response of surface temperature to changes in atmospheric CO2. The range of climate sensitivities in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report is unchanged from that published almost 30 years earlier in the Charney Report. We conduct perfect model experiments using an energy balance model to study the rate at which uncertainties might be reduced by observation of global temperature and ocean heat uptake. We find that a climate sensitivity of 1.5°C can be statistically distinguished from 3°C by 2030, 3°C from 4.5°C by 2040, and 4.5°C from 6°C by 2065. Learning rates are slowest in the scenarios of greatest concern (high sensitivities), due to a longer ocean response time, which may have bearing on wait‐and‐see versus precautionary mitigation policies. Learning rates are optimistic in presuming the availability of whole ocean heat data but pessimistic by using simple aggregated metrics and model physics. AU - Urban, Nathan M. AU - Holden, Philip B. AU - Edwards, Neil R. AU - Sriver, Ryan L. AU - Keller, Klaus DO - 10.1002/2014GL059484 IS - 7 PY - 2014 SP - 2543-2552 ST - Historical and future learning about climate sensitivity T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Historical and future learning about climate sensitivity VL - 41 ID - 25207 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Urbina, Ian CY - New York DA - November 24 PB - The New York Times PY - 2016 ST - Perils of climate change could swamp coastal real estate T2 - New York Times TI - Perils of climate change could swamp coastal real estate UR - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/24/science/global-warming-coastal-real-estate.html ID - 23978 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Urdaz, J. H. AU - Overton, M. W. AU - Moore, D. A. AU - Santos, J. E. P. DO - 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72267-6 IS - 6 PY - 2006 SN - 0022-0302 SP - 2000-2006 ST - Technical note: Effects of adding shade and fans to a feedbunk sprinkler system for preparturient cows on health and performance T2 - Journal of Dairy Science TI - Technical note: Effects of adding shade and fans to a feedbunk sprinkler system for preparturient cows on health and performance VL - 89 Y2 - 2017/12/13 ID - 23587 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Co-benefits rarely enter quantitative decision-support frameworks, often because the methodologies for their integration are lacking or not known. This review fills in this gap by providing comprehensive methodological guidance on the quantification of co-impacts and their integration into climate-related decision making based on the literature. The article first clarifies the confusion in the literature about related terms and makes a proposal for a more consistent terminological framework, then emphasizes the importance of working in a multiple-objective–multiple-impact framework. It creates a taxonomy of co-impacts and uses this to propose a methodological framework for the identification of the key co-impacts to be assessed for a given climate policy and to avoid double counting. It reviews the different methods available to quantify and monetize different co-impacts and introduces three methodological frameworks that can be used to integrate these results into decision making. On the basis of an initial assessment of selected studies, it also demonstrates that the incorporation of co-impacts can significantly change the outcome of economic assessments. Finally, the review calls for major new research and innovation toward simplified evaluation methods and streamlined tools for more widely applicable appraisals of co-impacts for decision making. AU - Ürge-Vorsatz, Diana AU - Herrero, Sergio Tirado AU - Dubash, Navroz K. AU - Lecocq, Franck DO - 10.1146/annurev-environ-031312-125456 IS - 1 KW - multiple benefits,co-benefits,adverse side effects,risks,co-impacts,quantification,social cost-benefit analysis,multicriteria analysis,integrated assessment models,decision support PY - 2014 SP - 549-582 ST - Measuring the co-benefits of climate change mitigation T2 - Annual Review of Environment and Resources TI - Measuring the co-benefits of climate change mitigation VL - 39 ID - 24461 ER - TY - RPRT AU - US CLIVAR Scientific Steering Committee CY - Washington, DC NV - Report 2013-7 PB - US CLIVAR Project Office PY - 2013 SP - 85 ST - US Climate Variability & Predictability Program Science Plan TI - US Climate Variability & Predictability Program Science Plan UR - https://usclivar.org/sites/default/files/US_CLIVAR_Science_Plan.pdf ID - 22042 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USACE CY - JBER, AK PB - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District PY - 2006 SP - 44 ST - Alaska Village Erosion Technical Assistance Program: An Examination of Erosion Issues in the Communities of Bethel, Dillingham, Kaktovik, Kivalina, Newtok, Shishmaref, and Unalakleet TI - Alaska Village Erosion Technical Assistance Program: An Examination of Erosion Issues in the Communities of Bethel, Dillingham, Kaktovik, Kivalina, Newtok, Shishmaref, and Unalakleet UR - http://66.160.145.48/coms/cli/AVETA_Report.pdf ID - 25855 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USACE C6 - NCA CY - Anchorage, Alaska PB - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District PY - 2008 SP - 64 ST - Revised Environmental Assessment: Finding of No Significant Impact: Newtok Evacuation Center: Mertarvik, Nelson Island, Alaska TI - Revised Environmental Assessment: Finding of No Significant Impact: Newtok Evacuation Center: Mertarvik, Nelson Island, Alaska UR - http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dcra/planning/pub/Newtok_Evacuation_Center_EA_&_FONSI_July_08.pdf ID - 15725 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USACE C6 - NCA CY - Koyukuk, AK PB - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District PY - 2008 ST - Section 117 Project Fact Sheet. Alaska Baseline Erosion Assessment, Erosion Information Paper TI - Section 117 Project Fact Sheet. Alaska Baseline Erosion Assessment, Erosion Information Paper UR - http://www.poa.usace.army.mil/Portals/34/docs/civilworks/BEA/Koyukuk_Final%20Report.pdf ID - 15726 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USACE CY - Elmendorf Air Force Base, AK PB - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Alaska District PY - 2009 SP - various ST - Alaska Baseline Erosion Assessment: Study Findings and Technical Report TI - Alaska Baseline Erosion Assessment: Study Findings and Technical Report UR - http://climatechange.alaska.gov/docs/iaw_USACE_erosion_rpt.pdf ID - 22319 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USACE CY - Washington DC PB - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) PY - 2013 SP - 46 ST - Event Study: 2012 Low-Water and Mississippi River Lock 27 Closures TI - Event Study: 2012 Low-Water and Mississippi River Lock 27 Closures UR - http://www.lrd.usace.army.mil/Portals/73/docs/Navigation/PCXIN/Drought_2012_Report_-FINAL_2013-08-30.pdf ID - 21398 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USACE CY - Brooklyn, NY PB - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), North Atlantic Division PY - 2015 SP - 116 ST - North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study: Resilient Adaptation to Increasing Risk TI - North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study: Resilient Adaptation to Increasing Risk UR - http://www.nad.usace.army.mil/CompStudy/ ID - 21924 ER - TY - WEB AU - USACE PB - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers PY - 2017 ST - Sea-Level Change Curve Calculator (Version 2017.55) [web tool] TI - Sea-Level Change Curve Calculator (Version 2017.55) [web tool] UR - http://corpsmapu.usace.army.mil/rccinfo/slc/slcc_calc.html ID - 26437 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USAID CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) PY - 2012 SP - 7 ST - Addressing Climate Change Impacts on Infrastructure: Preparing for Change—Overview TI - Addressing Climate Change Impacts on Infrastructure: Preparing for Change—Overview UR - https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/addressing-climate-change-impacts-infrastructure-preparing-change-overview ID - 22124 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USAID CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Agency for International Development PY - 2012 SP - 27 ST - Building Resilience to Recurrent Crisis: USAID Policy and Program Guidance TI - Building Resilience to Recurrent Crisis: USAID Policy and Program Guidance UR - https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1870/USAIDResiliencePolicyGuidanceDocument.pdf ID - 25773 ER - TY - WEB AU - USAID CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) PY - 2014 ST - USG [U.S. Government] Humanitarian Assistance for Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan TI - USG [U.S. Government] Humanitarian Assistance for Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan UR - https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/philippines_map_04-21-2014.pdf ID - 22125 ER - TY - WEB AU - USAID CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) PY - 2016 ST - Water Security for Resilient Economic Growth and Stability (Be Secure) Project TI - Water Security for Resilient Economic Growth and Stability (Be Secure) Project UR - https://www.usaid.gov/philippines/energy-and-environment/be-secure ID - 22130 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USAID CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Agency for International Development PY - 2016 RN - https://issuu.com/usaid/docs/usaid_gcci_report_2016b SP - 40 ST - USAID Climate Action Review: 2010-2016 TI - USAID Climate Action Review: 2010-2016 UR - https://www.usaid.gov/climate/climate-action-review-2010-2016 ID - 25774 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USAID CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) PY - 2017 SP - 25 ST - Climate Risk Management for USAID Projects and Activities: A Mandatory Reference for ADS Chapter 201 TI - Climate Risk Management for USAID Projects and Activities: A Mandatory Reference for ADS Chapter 201 UR - https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1868/201mal_042817.pdf ID - 22129 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USCG CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Headquarters PY - 2013 SN - CG-DCO-X SP - 47 ST - United States Coast Guard Arctic strategy TI - United States Coast Guard Arctic strategy UR - https://www.uscg.mil/Portals/0/Strategy/cg_arctic_strategy.pdf ID - 26156 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USDA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) PY - 2010 SP - 50 ST - Strategic Plan: FY 2010-2015 TI - Strategic Plan: FY 2010-2015 UR - https://www.ocfo.usda.gov/usdasp/sp2010/sp2010.pdf ID - 23642 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USDA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) PY - 2010 SP - 21 ST - USDA Climate Change Science Plan TI - USDA Climate Change Science Plan UR - http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/science_plan2010/USDA_CCSPlan_120810.pdf ID - 23643 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USDA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service PY - 2014 SP - 695 ST - 2012 Census of Agriculture TI - 2012 Census of Agriculture UR - http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/ ID - 19333 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USDA CY - Washington, DC NV - AC-12-S-8 PB - USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service PY - 2015 SP - [23] ST - 2012 Census of Agriculture: Specialty Crops TI - 2012 Census of Agriculture: Specialty Crops UR - https://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Online_Resources/Specialty_Crops/SCROPS.pdf ID - 23908 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USDA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Office of the Chief Economist PY - 2016 SP - 24 ST - USDA Integrated Projections for Agriculture and Forest Sector Land Use Land-Use Change, and GHG Emissions and Removals: 2015 to 2060 TI - USDA Integrated Projections for Agriculture and Forest Sector Land Use Land-Use Change, and GHG Emissions and Removals: 2015 to 2060 UR - https://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/mitigation_technologies/Projections2015documentation01192016.docx ID - 21948 ER - TY - WEB AU - USDA PB - USDA National Resources Conversation Service PY - 2017 ST - Climate Change: Cover Crops and Soil Health TI - Climate Change: Cover Crops and Soil Health UR - https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/climatechange/?cid=stelprdb1077238 ID - 21261 ER - TY - WEB AU - USDA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service PY - 2018 ST - Census of Agriculture. 2012 Census Volume 1, Chapter 2: State Level Data TI - Census of Agriculture. 2012 Census Volume 1, Chapter 2: State Level Data UR - https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2012/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_2_US_State_Level/ ID - 26710 ER - TY - WEB AU - USDA ERS CY - Washington, DC PB - USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) PY - 2017 ST - Rural Employment and Unemployment TI - Rural Employment and Unemployment UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/employment-education/rural-employment-and-unemployment/ ID - 23178 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USDA Forest Service CY - Washington, DC NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-GTR-94 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service PY - 2016 SP - 250 ST - Future of America's Forests and Rangelands: Update to the 2010 Resources Planning Act Assessment TI - Future of America's Forests and Rangelands: Update to the 2010 Resources Planning Act Assessment UR - https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/53212 ID - 21947 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USDA Forest Service AU - DOI Office of Wildland Fire CY - Washington, DC PB - Booz Allen Hamilton PY - 2015 SP - 79 ST - 2014 Quadrennial Fire Review: Final Report TI - 2014 Quadrennial Fire Review: Final Report UR - https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/documents/qfr/2014QFRFinalReport.pdf ID - 26124 ER - TY - WEB AU - USDA-NASS CY - Washington, DC M1 - July 18, 2017 PB - USDA, National Agricultural Statistical Service (NASS) PY - 2017 ST - Statistics by State [web site] TI - Statistics by State [web site] UR - https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/ ID - 26335 ER - TY - WEB AU - USDN PY - 2018 ST - Urban Sustainability Directors Network [web site] TI - Urban Sustainability Directors Network [web site] UR - https://www.usdn.org/ ID - 26625 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USDOT PB - U.S. Department of Transportation PY - 2016 SP - 4 ST - Texas: Transportation by the Numbers TI - Texas: Transportation by the Numbers UR - https://www.bts.gov/sites/bts.dot.gov/files/legacy/texas.pdf ID - 25916 ER - TY - GOVDOC AU - USGCRP CY - Washington, DC PB - The U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2012 SP - 132 TI - The National Global Change Research Plan 2012–2021: A Strategic Plan for the U.S. Global Change Research Program UR - http://downloads.globalchange.gov/strategic-plan/2012/usgcrp-strategic-plan-2012.pdf ID - 15762 ER - TY - WEB AU - USGCRP C2 - 2013 PY - 2013 ST - NCAnet: Building a Network of Networks to Support the National Climate Assessment TI - NCAnet: Building a Network of Networks to Support the National Climate Assessment UR - http://ncanet.usgcrp.gov/ ID - 15766 ER - TY - WEB AU - USGCRP PY - 2014 ST - Technical Inputs of the Third National Climate Assessment TI - Technical Inputs of the Third National Climate Assessment UR - http://www.globalchange.gov/engage/process-products/NCA3/technical-inputs ID - 25126 ER - TY - WEB AU - USGCRP PY - 2015 ST - U.S. Global Change Research Program General Decisions Regarding Climate-Related Scenarios for Framing the Fourth National Climate Assessment TI - U.S. Global Change Research Program General Decisions Regarding Climate-Related Scenarios for Framing the Fourth National Climate Assessment UR - https://scenarios.globalchange.gov/sites/default/files/External%20memo%20NCA4%20scenarios%20framing_20150506.pdf ID - 25129 ER - TY - BOOK A3 - Crimmins, Allison A2 - Balbus, John A2 - Gamble, Janet L. A2 - Beard, Charles B. A2 - Bell, Jesse E. A2 - Dodgen, Daniel A2 - Eisen, Rebecca J. A2 - Fann, Neal A2 - Hawkins, Michelle D. A2 - Herring, Stephanie C. A2 - Jantarasami, Lesley A2 - Mills, David M. A2 - Saha, Shubhayu A2 - Sarofim, Marcus C. A2 - Trtanj, Juli A2 - Ziska, Lewis AU - USGCRP C4 - f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0R49NQX PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 312 ST - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment ID - 19368 ER - TY - WEB AU - USGCRP PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 ST - [National Climate Assessment] Indicators TI - [National Climate Assessment] Indicators UR - http://www.globalchange.gov/browse/indicators ID - 21060 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - USGCRP CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0J964J6 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SP - 470 ST - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I ID - 21557 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USGCRP CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SP - 9 ST - Regional Engagement Workshop Summary Report: Midwest Region TI - Regional Engagement Workshop Summary Report: Midwest Region UR - http://www.globalchange.gov/sites/globalchange/files/REW_Midwest.pdf ID - 21684 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USGCRP CY - Washington, DC PY - 2017 SP - 106 ST - The National Global Change Research Plan 2012-2021: A Triennial Update TI - The National Global Change Research Plan 2012-2021: A Triennial Update UR - https://www.globalchange.gov/browse/reports/national-global-change-research-plan-2012-2021-triennial-update ID - 25124 ER - TY - WEB AU - USGCRP PY - 2017 ST - Reports from the NCA4 Regional Engagement Workshops TI - Reports from the NCA4 Regional Engagement Workshops UR - http://www.globalchange.gov/content/nca4-engagement-activities ID - 25127 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USGCRP CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Global Research Program PY - 2017 SP - 10 ST - Regional Engagement Workshop Summary Report: Northern Great Plains Region TI - Regional Engagement Workshop Summary Report: Northern Great Plains Region UR - https://www.globalchange.gov/sites/globalchange/files/REW_Northern%20Great%20Plains.pdf ID - 25942 ER - TY - WEB AU - USGCRP CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 ST - Scenarios for Climate Assessment and Adaptation: LOCA Viewer [web tool] TI - Scenarios for Climate Assessment and Adaptation: LOCA Viewer [web tool] UR - https://scenarios.globalchange.gov/loca-viewer/ ID - 26136 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Cavallaro, N. A2 - Shrestha, G. A2 - Birdsey, R. A2 - Mayes, M. A2 - Najjar, R. A2 - Reed, S. A2 - Romero-Lankao, P. A2 - Zhu, Z. AU - USGCRP CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/SOCCR2.2018 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SP - 877 ST - Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment Report TI - Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment Report UR - https://carbon2018.globalchange.gov/downloads/SOCCR2_2018_FullReport.pdf ID - 24526 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D.R. A2 - Kunkel, K.E. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - USGCRP C4 - 06c9584a-0eaa-48b4-af10-d59dc37e607c CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SP - xxx ST - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II ID - 26634 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D.R. A2 - Kunkel, K.E. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - USGCRP C4 - 99529fe4-dd90-423c-b6a7-16cadd0eed61 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.RiB PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SP - 186 ST - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II: Report-in-Brief TI - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II: Report-in-Brief ID - 26738 ER - TY - RPRT AU - USGS CY - Reston, VA PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 1982 SP - various ST - Guidelines For Determining Flood Flow Frequency: Bulletin 17B TI - Guidelines For Determining Flood Flow Frequency: Bulletin 17B UR - https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/8403 ID - 25406 ER - TY - RPRT AU - UTTC CY - Bismark, NC PB - United Tribes Technical College (UTTC) PY - 2016 SP - 6 ST - United Tribes Technical College Report to the 4th National Climate Assessment TI - United Tribes Technical College Report to the 4th National Climate Assessment UR - https://www.indianaffairs.gov/bia/ots/tribal-resilience-program/Tribes_NCA/Input_NCA_4_2 ID - 26708 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vahedifard, Farshid AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Jafari, Navid H. DO - 10.1126/science.aai8579 IS - 6306 PY - 2016 SP - 1374-1374 ST - Compound hazards yield Louisiana flood T2 - Science TI - Compound hazards yield Louisiana flood VL - 353 ID - 21541 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vahedifard, Farshid AU - AghaKouchak, Amir AU - Robinson, Joe D. DO - 10.1126/science.349.6250.799-a IS - 6250 PY - 2015 SP - 799-799 ST - Drought threatens California's levees T2 - Science TI - Drought threatens California's levees VL - 349 ID - 21397 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vahedifard, Farshid AU - Robinson, Joe D. AU - AghaKouchak, Amir DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001465 IS - 6 PY - 2016 SP - 02516001 ST - Can protracted drought undermine the structural integrity of California's earthen levees? T2 - Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering TI - Can protracted drought undermine the structural integrity of California's earthen levees? VL - 142 ID - 21539 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to alter statistics of extreme events in the future. Adapting geotechnical infrastructure to a changing climate necessitates quantitative assessment of the potential climate change impacts on the performance of infrastructure. This study numerically investigates the hydromechanical response of a mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall constructed with marginal backfill to extreme rainfall events under a changing climate. The need for investigating the effects of extreme precipitation on marginal backfill is more pronounced because larger matric suction can be developed in such backfills. To address this need, this paper compares the performance of an MSE wall using two sets of rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves, denoted as baseline and projected, for the Seattle area. The baseline IDF curves are provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and currently used for design purposes, and the projected IDF curves are obtained using 20 climate model simulations of the future. The results show that use of the baseline IDFs can lead to underestimation of the wall deformation and loads carried by reinforcements. The results highlight the importance of site-specific assessments to quantify the potential impacts of climate change on the performance of current and future MSE walls. Such consideration gains even more importance considering the increasing interest in using marginal backfills in earth retaining structures due to economic and environmental considerations. AU - Vahedifard, Farshid AU - Tehrani, Faraz S. AU - Galavi, Vahid AU - Ragno, Elisa AU - AghaKouchak, Amir DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001743 IS - 9 PY - 2017 SP - 04017056 ST - Resilience of MSE walls with marginal backfill under a changing climate: Quantitative assessment for extreme precipitation events T2 - Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering TI - Resilience of MSE walls with marginal backfill under a changing climate: Quantitative assessment for extreme precipitation events VL - 143 ID - 21542 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The climate warming effects of accelerated urbanization along with projected global climate change raise an urgent need for sustainable mitigation and adaptation strategies to cool urban climates. Our modeling results show that historical urbanization in the Los Angeles and San Diego metropolitan areas has increased daytime urban air temperature by 1.3 °C, in part due to a weakening of the onshore sea breeze circulation. We find that metropolis-wide adoption of cool roofs can meaningfully offset this daytime warming, reducing temperatures by 0.9 °C relative to a case without cool roofs. Residential cool roofs were responsible for 67% of the cooling. Nocturnal temperature increases of 3.1 °C from urbanization were larger than daytime warming, while nocturnal temperature reductions from cool roofs of 0.5 °C were weaker than corresponding daytime reductions. We further show that cool roof deployment could partially counter the local impacts of global climate change in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Assuming a scenario in which there are dramatic decreases in greenhouse gas emissions in the 21st century (RCP2.6), mid- and end-of-century temperature increases from global change relative to current climate are similarly reduced by cool roofs from 1.4 °C to 0.6 °C. Assuming a scenario with continued emissions increases throughout the century (RCP8.5), mid-century warming is significantly reduced by cool roofs from 2.0 °C to 1.0 °C. The end-century warming, however, is significantly offset only in small localized areas containing mostly industrial/commercial buildings where cool roofs with the highest albedo are adopted. We conclude that metropolis-wide adoption of cool roofs can play an important role in mitigating the urban heat island effect, and offsetting near-term local warming from global climate change. Global-scale reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are the only way of avoiding long-term warming, however. We further suggest that both climate mitigation and adaptation can be pursued simultaneously using ‘cool photovoltaics’. AU - Vahmani, P. AU - Sun, F. AU - Hall, A. AU - Ban-Weiss, G. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124027 IS - 12 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 124027 ST - Investigating the climate impacts of urbanization and the potential for cool roofs to counter future climate change in Southern California T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Investigating the climate impacts of urbanization and the potential for cool roofs to counter future climate change in Southern California VL - 11 ID - 23701 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wildfire is an ever present, natural process shaping landscapes. Having the ability to accurately measure and predict wildfire occurrence and impacts to ecosystem goods and services, both retrospectively and prospectively, is critical for adaptive management of landscapes. Landscape vulnerability is a concept widely utilized in the ecosystem management literature that has not been explicitly defined, particularly with regard to wildfire. Vulnerability more broadly is defined by three primary components: exposure to the stressor, sensitivity to a range of stressor variability, and resilience following exposure. In this synthesis, we define vulnerability in the context of wildfire. We first identify the components of a guiding framework for a vulnerability assessment with respect to wildfire. We then address retrospective assessments of wildfire vulnerability and the data that have been developed and utilized to complete these assessments. Finally, we review the modeling efforts that allow for predictive and probabilistic assessment of future vulnerability. Throughout the synthesis, we highlight gaps in the research, data availability, and models used to complete vulnerability assessments. AU - Vaillant, Nicole M. AU - Kolden, Crystal A. AU - Smith, Alistair M. S. DA - September 01 DO - 10.1007/s40725-016-0040-1 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 2198-6436 SP - 201-213 ST - Assessing landscape vulnerability to wildfire in the USA T2 - Current Forestry Reports TI - Assessing landscape vulnerability to wildfire in the USA VL - 2 ID - 21396 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Val Martin, M. AU - Heald, C. L. AU - Lamarque, J. F. AU - Tilmes, S. AU - Emmons, L. K. AU - Schichtel, B. A. DO - 10.5194/acp-15-2805-2015 LA - English PY - 2015 RN - http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/14/26495/2014/acpd-14-26495-2014-relations.html SP - 2805-2823 ST - How emissions, climate, and land use change will impact mid-century air quality over the United States: A focus on effects at National Parks T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - How emissions, climate, and land use change will impact mid-century air quality over the United States: A focus on effects at National Parks VL - 15 ID - 18929 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The many qualifying terms attributed to invasive species reveal the lack of precision surrounding the notion of biological invasion itself. In spite of several proposed definitions, some basic disagreements persist concerning characterization of the phenomenon. These primarily arise from the lack of pertinence of both of the main current criteria—the geographic (or biogeographic) criterion and the impact criterion—to what is really intended by “invasion.” Faced with this situation, it seems preferable to adopt an ontological approach allowing a return to the basic principles of the elaboration of a definition. Starting with the nature of the phenomenon itself (i.e., its essence), we try to elucidate the notion of biological invasion and we suggest a general definition compatible with most of the ideas already expressed. AU - Valéry, Loïc AU - Fritz, Hervé AU - Lefeuvre, Jean-Claude AU - Simberloff, Daniel DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s10530-007-9209-7 IS - 8 M3 - journal article PY - 2008 SN - 1573-1464 SP - 1345-1351 ST - In search of a real definition of the biological invasion phenomenon itself T2 - Biological Invasions TI - In search of a real definition of the biological invasion phenomenon itself VL - 10 ID - 23464 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Regional sea level rise (SLR) acceleration during the past few decades north of Cape Hatteras has commonly been attributed to weakening Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, although this causal link remains debated. In contrast to this pattern, we demonstrate that SLR decelerated north of Cape Hatteras and accelerated south of the Cape to >20 mm/yr, > 3 times the global mean values from 2011 to 2015. Tide gauge records reveal comparable short-lived, rapid SLR accelerations (hot spots) that have occurred repeatedly over ~1500 km stretches of the coastline during the past 95 years, with variable latitudinal position. Our analysis indicates that the cumulative (time-integrated) effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation determine the latitudinal position of these SLR hot spots, while a cumulative El Niño index is associated with their timing. The superposition of these two ocean-atmospheric processes accounts for 87% of the variance in the spatiotemporal pattern of intradecadal sea level oscillations. AU - Valle-Levinson, Arnoldo AU - Dutton, Andrea AU - Martin, Jonathan B. DO - 10.1002/2017GL073926 IS - 15 PY - 2017 SP - 7876-7882 ST - Spatial and temporal variability of sea level rise hot spots over the eastern United States T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Spatial and temporal variability of sea level rise hot spots over the eastern United States VL - 44 ID - 26242 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vallis, Geoffrey K. AU - Zurita-Gotor, Pablo AU - Cairns, Cameron AU - Kidston, Joseph DO - 10.1002/qj.2456 IS - 690 KW - general circulation global warming westerlies climate change PY - 2015 SN - 1477-870X SP - 1479-1501 ST - Response of the large-scale structure of the atmosphere to global warming T2 - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society TI - Response of the large-scale structure of the atmosphere to global warming VL - 141 ID - 19655 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Van Beusekom, Ashley E. AU - González, Grizelle AU - Scholl, Martha A. DO - 10.5194/acp-17-7245-2017 IS - 11 N1 - ACP PY - 2017 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 7245-7259 ST - Analyzing cloud base at local and regional scales to understand tropical montane cloud forest vulnerability to climate change T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Analyzing cloud base at local and regional scales to understand tropical montane cloud forest vulnerability to climate change VL - 17 ID - 24995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Van Beusekom, Ashley E. AU - Gould, William A. AU - Terando, Adam J. AU - Collazo, Jaime A. DO - 10.1002/joc.4560 IS - 9 KW - future water supply general circulation models hydrology Precipitation Runoff Modelling System Puerto Rico statistical downscaling tropical island hydrology PY - 2016 SN - 1097-0088 SP - 3370-3383 ST - Climate change and water resources in a tropical island system: Propagation of uncertainty from statistically downscaled climate models to hydrologic models T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Climate change and water resources in a tropical island system: Propagation of uncertainty from statistically downscaled climate models to hydrologic models VL - 36 ID - 24996 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Van Cleave, Katherine AU - Lenters, John D. AU - Wang, Jia AU - Verhamme, Edward M. DO - 10.4319/lo.2014.59.6.1889 IS - 6 PY - 2014 SN - 1939-5590 SP - 1889-1898 ST - A regime shift in Lake Superior ice cover, evaporation, and water temperature following the warm El Niño winter of 1997–1998 T2 - Limnology and Oceanography TI - A regime shift in Lake Superior ice cover, evaporation, and water temperature following the warm El Niño winter of 1997–1998 VL - 59 ID - 21233 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Van der Veer Martens, Betsy AU - Illston, Bradley G. AU - Fiebrich, Christopher A. DO - 10.5334/dsj-2017-047 PY - 2017 SP - 47 ST - The Oklahoma Mesonet: A pilot study of environmental sensor data citations T2 - Data Science Journal TI - The Oklahoma Mesonet: A pilot study of environmental sensor data citations VL - 16 ID - 25779 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van der Wiel, K. AU - Kapnick, S. B. AU - van Oldenborgh, G. J. AU - Whan, K. AU - Philip, S. AU - Vecchi, G. A. AU - Singh, R. K. AU - Arrighi, J. AU - Cullen, H. DO - 10.5194/hess-21-897-2017 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SN - 1607-7938 SP - 897-921 ST - Rapid attribution of the August 2016 flood-inducing extreme precipitation in south Louisiana to climate change T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences TI - Rapid attribution of the August 2016 flood-inducing extreme precipitation in south Louisiana to climate change VL - 21 ID - 21076 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Van Eeten, Michel AU - Nieuwenhuijs, Albert AU - Luiijf, Eric AU - Klaver, Marieke AU - Cruz, Edite DO - 10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.01926.x IS - 2 PY - 2011 SN - 1467-9299 SP - 381-400 ST - The state and the threat of cascading failure across critical infrastructures: The implications of empirical evidence from media incident reports T2 - Public Administration TI - The state and the threat of cascading failure across critical infrastructures: The implications of empirical evidence from media incident reports VL - 89 ID - 21395 ER - TY - THES A3 - Graaf, Martin de A2 - Nagelkerke, Leo AU - van Gerwen, Imke CY - The Netherlands DA - December PB - Wageningen University PY - 2013 SP - 66 ST - The effects of trap fisheries on the populations of Caribbean spiny lobster and reef fish species at the Saba Bank T2 - Animal Sciences Group, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group TI - The effects of trap fisheries on the populations of Caribbean spiny lobster and reef fish species at the Saba Bank UR - http://www.dcbd.nl/document/effects-trap-fisheries-populations-caribbean-spiny-lobster-and-reef-fish-species-saba-bank VL - M.Sc. ID - 25104 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Increasingly frequent severe coral bleaching is among the greatest threats to coral reefs posed by climate change. Global climate models (GCMs) project great spatial variation in the timing of annual severe bleaching (ASB) conditions; a point at which reefs are certain to change and recovery will be limited. AU - van Hooidonk, Ruben AU - Maynard, Jeffrey AU - Tamelander, Jerker AU - Gove, Jamison AU - Ahmadia, Gabby AU - Raymundo, Laurie AU - Williams, Gareth AU - Heron, Scott F. AU - Planes, Serge DA - 2016/12/21/ DO - 10.1038/srep39666 DP - www.nature.com LA - en PY - 2016 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 39666 ST - Local-scale projections of coral reef futures and implications of the Paris Agreement T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Local-scale projections of coral reef futures and implications of the Paris Agreement VL - 6 Y2 - 2017/05/31/02:01:12 ID - 22452 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To date, neither observational studies nor direct climate model simulations have been able to document trends in the frequency or severity of deep moist convection associated with global climate change. The lack of such evidence is not unexpected as the observational record is insufficiently long and computational limitations prevent modeling at the scales necessary to simulate explicitly such phenomena. Nonetheless, severe deep moist convection represents an important aspect of regional climate, particularly in the central United States, where damage, injuries, and fatalities are a frequent result of such phenomena. Accordingly, any comprehensive assessment of the regional effects of climate change must account for these effects. In this work, the authors present a “perfect prog” approach to estimating the potential for surface-based convective initiation and severity based upon the large-scale variables well resolved by climate model simulations. This approach allows for the development of a stable estimation scheme that can be applied to any climate model simulation, presently and into the future. The scheme is applied for the contiguous United States using the output from the Parallel Climate Model, with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change third assessment A2 (business as usual) as input. For this run, relative to interannual variability, the potential frequency of deep moist convection does not change, but the potential for severe convection is found to increase east of the Rocky Mountains and most notably in the “tornado alley” region of the U.S. Midwest. This increase in severe potential is mostly tied to increases in thermodynamic instability as a result of ongoing warm season surface warming and moistening. Finally, approaches toward improving such estimation methods are briefly discussed. AU - Van Klooster, Sara L. AU - Roebber, Paul J. DO - 10.1175/2009JCLI2697.1 IS - 12 KW - Convection,Surface observations,Climate change,CAPE,Neural networks PY - 2009 SP - 3317-3330 ST - Surface-based convective potential in the contiguous United States in a business-as-usual future climate T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Surface-based convective potential in the contiguous United States in a business-as-usual future climate VL - 22 ID - 20330 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van Mantgem, Phillip J. AU - Caprio, Anthony C. AU - Stephenson, Nathan L. AU - Das, Adrian J. DO - 10.4996/fireecology.1201013 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 1933-9747 SP - 13-25 ST - Does prescribed fire promote resistance to drought in low elevation forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA? T2 - Fire Ecology: The Journal of the Association for Fire Ecology TI - Does prescribed fire promote resistance to drought in low elevation forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA? VL - 12 ID - 23875 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van Mantgem, Phillip J. AU - Lalemand, Laura B. AU - Keifer, MaryBeth AU - Kane, Jeffrey M. DA - 2016/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.028 KW - Fire effects Fire modeling Forest management Fuels treatments PY - 2016 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 265-272 ST - Duration of fuels reduction following prescribed fire in coniferous forests of U.S. national parks in California and the Colorado Plateau T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Duration of fuels reduction following prescribed fire in coniferous forests of U.S. national parks in California and the Colorado Plateau VL - 379 ID - 23876 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Van Mantgem, P. J. AU - Stephenson, N. L. AU - Byrne, J. C. AU - Daniels, L. D. AU - Franklin, J. F. AU - Fule, P. Z. AU - Harmon, M. E. AU - Larson, A. J. AU - Smith, J. M. AU - Taylor, A. H. AU - Veblen, T. T. C6 - NCA DA - Jan DO - 10.1126/science.1165000 IS - 5913 PY - 2009 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 521-524 ST - Widespread increase of tree mortality rates in the western United States T2 - Science TI - Widespread increase of tree mortality rates in the western United States VL - 323 ID - 15791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During August 25–30, 2017, Hurricane Harvey stalled over Texas and caused extreme precipitation, particularly over Houston and the surrounding area on August 26–28. This resulted in extensive flooding with over 80 fatalities and large economic costs. It was an extremely rare event: the return period of the highest observed three-day precipitation amount, 1043.4 mm 3dy −1 at Baytown, is more than 9000 years (97.5% one-sided confidence interval) and return periods exceeded 1000 yr (750 mm 3dy −1 ) over a large area in the current climate. Observations since 1880 over the region show a clear positive trend in the intensity of extreme precipitation of between 12% and 22%, roughly two times the increase of the moisture holding capacity of the atmosphere expected for 1 °C warming according to the Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) relation. This would indicate that the moisture flux was increased by both the moisture content and stronger winds or updrafts driven by the heat of condensation of the moisture. We also analysed extreme rainfall in the Houston area in three ensembles of 25 km resolution models. The first also shows 2 × CC scaling, the second 1 × CC scaling and the third did not have a realistic representation of extreme rainfall on the Gulf Coast. Extrapolating these results to the 2017 event, we conclude that global warming made the precipitation about 15% (8%–19%) more intense, or equivalently made such an event three (1.5–5) times more likely. This analysis makes clear that extreme rainfall events along the Gulf Coast are on the rise. And while fortifying Houston to fully withstand the impact of an event as extreme as Hurricane Harvey may not be economically feasible, it is critical that information regarding the increasing risk of extreme rainfall events in general should be part of the discussion about future improvements to Houston’s flood protection system. AU - van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan AU - van der Wiel, Karin AU - Sebastian, Antonia AU - Singh, Roop AU - Arrighi, Julie AU - Otto, Friederike AU - Haustein, Karsten AU - Li, Sihan AU - Vecchi, Gabriel AU - Cullen, Heidi DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa9ef2 IS - 12 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 124009 ST - Attribution of extreme rainfall from Hurricane Harvey, August 2017 T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Attribution of extreme rainfall from Hurricane Harvey, August 2017 VL - 12 ID - 25423 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many ecosystems around the world are rapidly deteriorating due to both local and global pressures, and perhaps none so precipitously as coral reefs. Management of coral reefs through maintenance (e.g., marine-protected areas, catchment management to improve water quality), restoration, as well as global and national governmental agreements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., the 2015 Paris Agreement) is critical for the persistence of coral reefs. Despite these initiatives, the health and abundance of corals reefs are rapidly declining and other solutions will soon be required. We have recently discussed options for using assisted evolution (i.e., selective breeding, assisted gene flow, conditioning or epigenetic programming, and the manipulation of the coral microbiome) as a means to enhance environmental stress tolerance of corals and the success of coral reef restoration efforts. The 2014-2016 global coral bleaching event has sharpened the focus on such interventionist approaches. We highlight the necessity for consideration of alternative (e.g., hybrid) ecosystem states, discuss traits of resilient corals and coral reef ecosystems, and propose a decision tree for incorporating assisted evolution into restoration initiatives to enhance climate resilience of coral reefs. AU - van Oppen, Madeleine J. H. AU - Gates, Ruth D. AU - Blackall, Linda L. AU - Cantin, Neal AU - Chakravarti, Leela J. AU - Chan, Wing Y. AU - Cormick, Craig AU - Crean, Angela AU - Damjanovic, Katarina AU - Epstein, Hannah AU - Harrison, Peter L. AU - Jones, Thomas A. AU - Miller, Margaret AU - Pears, Rachel J. AU - Peplow, Lesa M. AU - Raftos, David A. AU - Schaffelke, Britta AU - Stewart, Kristen AU - Torda, Gergely AU - Wachenfeld, David AU - Weeks, Andrew R. AU - Putnam, Hollie M. DA - 2017/09// DO - 10.1111/gcb.13647 DP - PubMed IS - 9 KW - global warming restoration assisted evolution hybrid ecosystems rehabilitation scleractinia LA - eng PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 3437-3448 ST - Shifting paradigms in restoration of the world's coral reefs T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Shifting paradigms in restoration of the world's coral reefs VL - 23 ID - 22531 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Van Pelt, Robert AU - Sillett, Stephen C. AU - Kruse, William A. AU - Freund, James A. AU - Kramer, Russell D. DA - 2016/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.05.018 KW - Old growth Forest structure Biomass LAI Leaf area Carbon sequestration LiDAR Emergent trees Heartwood Allometric equations Light-use complementarity PY - 2016 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 279-308 ST - Emergent crowns and light-use complementarity lead to global maximum biomass and leaf area in Sequoia sempervirens forests T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Emergent crowns and light-use complementarity lead to global maximum biomass and leaf area in Sequoia sempervirens forests VL - 375 ID - 23877 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Van Pelt, Thomas I. AU - Napp, Jeffrey M. AU - Ashjian, Carin J. AU - Harvey, H. Rodger AU - Lomas, Michael W. AU - Sigler, Michael F. AU - Stabeno, Phyllis J. DA - 2016/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.09.002 PY - 2016 SN - 0967-0645 SP - 3-12 ST - An introduction and overview of the Bering Sea Project: Volume IV T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography TI - An introduction and overview of the Bering Sea Project: Volume IV VL - 134 ID - 24890 ER - TY - RPRT AU - van Riper, Charles, III AU - Hatten, James R. AU - Giermakowski, J. Tom AU - Mattson, David AU - Holmes, Jennifer A. AU - Johnson, Matthew J. AU - Nowak, Erika M. AU - Ironside, Kirsten AU - Peters, Michael AU - Heinrich, Paul AU - Cole, K. L. AU - Truettner, C. AU - Schwalbe, Cecil R. CY - Reston, VA DO - 10.3133/ofr20141050 NV - Open-File Report 2014–1050 PB - U.S. Geological Survey PY - 2014 SP - 100 ST - Projecting Climate Effects on Birds and Reptiles of the Southwestern United States TI - Projecting Climate Effects on Birds and Reptiles of the Southwestern United States ID - 23902 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van Vliet, M. T. H. AU - van Beek, L. P. H. AU - Eisner, S. AU - Flörke, M. AU - Wada, Y. AU - Bierkens, M. F. P. DA - 2016/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.07.007 KW - Water resources Water temperature Hydropower Cooling water Climate change Global hydrological models PY - 2016 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 156-170 ST - Multi-model assessment of global hydropower and cooling water discharge potential under climate change T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Multi-model assessment of global hydropower and cooling water discharge potential under climate change VL - 40 ID - 21394 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van Vliet, Michelle T. H. AU - Wiberg, David AU - Leduc, Sylvain AU - Riahi, Keywan DA - 04//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2903 IS - 4 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 375-380 ST - Power-generation system vulnerability and adaptation to changes in climate and water resources T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Power-generation system vulnerability and adaptation to changes in climate and water resources VL - 6 ID - 21334 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van Vuuren, D.P. AU - Deetman, S. AU - den Elzen, M.G.J. AU - Hof, A. AU - Isaac, M. AU - Klein Goldewijk, K. AU - Kram, T. AU - Mendoza Beltran, A. AU - Stehfest, E. AU - van Vliet, J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0152-3 IS - 1-2 PY - 2011 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 95-116 ST - RCP2.6: Exploring the possibility to keep global mean temperature increase below 2°C T2 - Climatic Change TI - RCP2.6: Exploring the possibility to keep global mean temperature increase below 2°C VL - 109 ID - 15795 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van Vuuren, D.P. AU - Edmonds, J. AU - Kainuma, M. AU - Riahi, K. AU - Thomson, A. AU - Hibbard, K. AU - Hurtt, G.C. AU - Kram, T. AU - Krey, V. AU - Lamarque, J.F. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0148-z IS - 1-2 PY - 2011 SP - 5-31 ST - The representative concentration pathways: An overview T2 - Climatic Change TI - The representative concentration pathways: An overview VL - 109 ID - 15796 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - Moss, Richard AU - Edmonds, Jae AU - Thomson, Allison AU - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa AU - Kram, Tom AU - Berkhout, Frans AU - Swart, Rob AU - Janetos, Anthony AU - Rose, Steven K. AU - Arnell, Nigel DA - 2012/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.08.002 IS - 1 KW - Climate change Scenario analysis Integrated assessment Mitigation Adaptation Climate impacts PY - 2012 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 21-35 ST - A proposal for a new scenario framework to support research and assessment in different climate research communities T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - A proposal for a new scenario framework to support research and assessment in different climate research communities VL - 22 ID - 21140 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Aim As global air temperatures continue to rise in response to climate change, environmental conditions for many freshwater fish species will change. Warming air temperatures may lead to warming lake temperatures, and subsequently, the availability of suitable thermal habitat space. Our objectives are to identify the responses of three fish species from three thermal guilds to climate change in Ontario and consequently, the potential for novel competitive interactions between two top predators. We focus on lakes in Ontario because it is a dynamic region that encapsulates the northern and southern range extents of warm and cold‐water fish species. Location Ontario, Canada. Methods Using lake morphology, water chemistry, climate and fish occurrence data for smallmouth bass (warmwater predator), walleye (coolwater predator) and cisco (cold‐water forage fish), we modelled the occurrence rates of three fish in 2050 and 2070 under 126 scenarios of climate change. We also calculated the percentage change in co‐occurrence of walleye and smallmouth bass in 2050 and 2070. Results Smallmouth bass occurrence rates were predicted to increase by ~306% (ranging between 55 and 422%) by 2070 relative to their current distributions. Walleye were projected to decline by 22% (−42 to a +6% change) and cisco by 26% (−7 to −47%) by 2070. By 2070, walleye–smallmouth bass co‐occurrence was predicted to increase by 11%, with walleye in central and northern Ontario at greatest vulnerability due to increased competition with smallmouth bass. Main conclusions These results highlight three unique responses to climate change: range expansion, northward range shift, and range contraction for warmwater, coolwater and cold‐water fish species, respectively. Alterations in distributions of these three ecologically important fish species may lead to shifts in fish community structure and novel species interactions in Ontario lakes, exacerbating the vulnerability of native coolwater predators to climate change. AU - Van Zuiden, Thomas M. AU - Chen, Miranda M. AU - Stefanoff, Samantha AU - Lopez, Lianna AU - Sharma, Sapna DO - 10.1111/ddi.12422 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SP - 603-614 ST - Projected impacts of climate change on three freshwater fishes and potential novel competitive interactions T2 - Diversity and Distributions TI - Projected impacts of climate change on three freshwater fishes and potential novel competitive interactions VL - 22 ID - 25660 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Invasive alien species modify pollinator biodiversity and the services they provide that underpin ecosystem function and human well-being. Building on the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) global assessment of pollinators and pollination, we synthesize current understanding of invasive alien impacts on pollinators and pollination. Invasive alien species create risks and opportunities for pollinator nutrition, re-organize species interactions to affect native pollination and community stability, and spread and select for virulent diseases. Risks are complex but substantial, and depend greatly on the ecological function and evolutionary history of both the invader and the recipient ecosystem. We highlight evolutionary implications for pollination from invasive alien species, and identify future research directions, key messages and options for decision-making. AU - Vanbergen, Adam J. AU - Espíndola, Anahí AU - Aizen, Marcelo A. DA - 2018/01/01 DO - 10.1038/s41559-017-0412-3 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - 2397-334X SP - 16-25 ST - Risks to pollinators and pollination from invasive alien species T2 - Nature Ecology & Evolution TI - Risks to pollinators and pollination from invasive alien species VL - 2 ID - 26619 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vancoppenolle, Martin AU - Bopp, Laurent AU - Madec, Gurvan AU - Dunne, John AU - Ilyina, Tatiana AU - Halloran, Paul R. AU - Steiner, Nadja DO - 10.1002/gbc.20055 IS - 3 KW - Arctic primary production nitrate sea ice 0414 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 0428 Carbon cycling 0466 Modeling 0750 Sea ice PY - 2013 SN - 1944-9224 SP - 605-619 ST - Future Arctic Ocean primary productivity from CMIP5 simulations: Uncertain outcome, but consistent mechanisms T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Future Arctic Ocean primary productivity from CMIP5 simulations: Uncertain outcome, but consistent mechanisms VL - 27 ID - 23465 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vano, J.A. AU - Scott, M.J. AU - Voisin, N. AU - Stöckle, C.O. AU - Hamlet, A.F. AU - Mickelson, K.E.B. AU - Elsner, M.M.G. AU - Lettenmaier, D.P. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-010-9856-z IS - 1-2 PY - 2010 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 287-317 ST - Climate change impacts on water management and irrigated agriculture in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, USA T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change impacts on water management and irrigated agriculture in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, USA VL - 102 ID - 15799 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Colorado River is the primary water source for more than 30 million people in the United States and Mexico. Recent studies that project streamf low changes in the Colorado River all project annual declines, but the magnitude of the projected decreases range from less than 10% to 45% by the mid-twenty-first century. To understand these differences, we address the questions the management community has raised: Why is there such a wide range of projections of impacts of future climate change on Colorado River streamflow, and how should this uncertainty be interpreted? We identify four major sources of disparities among studies that arise from both methodological and model differences. In order of importance, these are differences in 1) the global climate models (GCMs) and emission scenarios used; 2) the ability of land surface and atmospheric models to simulate properly the high-elevation runoff source areas; 3) the sensitivities of land surface hydrology models to precipitation and temperature changes; and 4) the methods used to statistically downscale GCM scenarios. In accounting for these differences, there is substantial evidence across studies that future Colorado River streamflow will be reduced under the current trajectories of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions because of a combination of strong temperature-induced runoff curtailment and reduced annual precipitation. Reconstructions of preinstrumental streamflows provide additional insights; the greatest risk to Colorado River streamf lows is a multidecadal drought, like that observed in paleoreconstructions, exacerbated by a steady reduction in flows due to climate change. This could result in decades of sustained streamflows much lower than have been observed in the ~100 years of instrumental record. AU - Vano, Julie A. AU - Udall, Bradley AU - Cayan, Daniel R. AU - Overpeck, Jonathan T. AU - Brekke, Levi D. AU - Das, Tapash AU - Hartmann, Holly C. AU - Hidalgo, Hugo G. AU - Hoerling, Martin AU - McCabe, Gregory J. AU - Morino, Kiyomi AU - Webb, Robert S. AU - Werner, Kevin AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis P. DO - 10.1175/bams-d-12-00228.1 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SP - 59-78 ST - Understanding uncertainties in future Colorado River streamflow T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Understanding uncertainties in future Colorado River streamflow VL - 95 ID - 21543 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives To provide novel quantification and advanced measurements of surface temperatures (Ts) in playgrounds, employing multiple scales of data, and provide insight into hot-hazard mitigation techniques and designs for improved environmental and public health. Methods We conduct an analysis of Ts in two Metro-Phoenix playgrounds at three scales: neighborhood (1 km resolution), microscale (6.8 m resolution), and touch-scale (1 cm resolution). Data were derived from two sources: airborne remote sensing (neighborhood and microscale) and in situ (playground site) infrared Ts (touch-scale). Metrics of surface-to-air temperature deltas (ΔTs–a) and scale offsets (errors) are introduced. Results Select in situ Ts in direct sunlight are shown to approach or surpass values likely to result in burns to children at touch-scales much finer than Ts resolved by airborne remote sensing. Scale offsets based on neighbourhood and microscale ground observations are 3.8 ̊C and 7.3 ̊C less than the ΔTs–a at the 1 cm touch-scale, respectively, and 6.6 ̊C and 10.1 ̊C lower than touch-scale playground equipment Ts, respectively. Hence, the coarser scales underestimate high Ts within playgrounds. Both natural (tree) and artificial (shade sail) shade types are associated with significant reductions in Ts. Conclusions A scale mismatch exists based on differing methods of urban Ts measurement. The sub-meter touch-scale is the spatial scale at which data must be collected and policies of urban landscape design and health must be executed in order to mitigate high Ts in high-contact environments such as playgrounds. Shade implementation is the most promising mitigation technique to reduce child burns, increase park usability, and mitigate urban heating. AU - Vanos, Jennifer K. AU - Middel, Ariane AU - McKercher, Grant R. AU - Kuras, Evan R. AU - Ruddell, Benjamin L. DA - 2// DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.10.007 KW - climate change urban health PY - 2016 SN - 0169-2046 SP - 29-42 ST - Hot playgrounds and children's health: A multiscale analysis of surface temperatures in Arizona, USA T2 - Landscape and Urban Planning TI - Hot playgrounds and children's health: A multiscale analysis of surface temperatures in Arizona, USA VL - 146 ID - 22871 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Sparks, Donald L. AU - Varanasi, Aruna AU - Prasad, P. V. Vara AU - Jugulam, Mithila C4 - 07b45739-d642-442b-9aaf-0a5dabe9a444 DO - 10.1016/bs.agron.2015.09.002 KW - climate change crop–weed competition environmental factors greenhouse gases herbicide efficacy weed physiology weed management PB - Academic Press PY - 2016 SN - 0065-2113 SP - 107-146 ST - Ch. 3: Impact of climate change factors on weeds and herbicide efficacy T2 - Advances in Agronomy TI - Ch. 3: Impact of climate change factors on weeds and herbicide efficacy VL - 135 ID - 23588 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vaughan, Catherine AU - Dessai, Suraje DO - 10.1002/wcc.290 IS - 5 PY - 2014 SN - 1757-7799 SP - 587-603 ST - Climate services for society: Origins, institutional arrangements, and design elements for an evaluation framework T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change TI - Climate services for society: Origins, institutional arrangements, and design elements for an evaluation framework VL - 5 ID - 22322 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vaughan, Damon AU - Mackes, Kurt DO - 10.13073/fpj-d-14-00095 IS - 5-6 PY - 2015 SP - 217-225 ST - Characteristics of Colorado forestry contractors and their role in current forest health issues T2 - Forest Products Journal TI - Characteristics of Colorado forestry contractors and their role in current forest health issues VL - 65 ID - 21945 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Vaughan, D. G. AU - Comiso, J.C. AU - Allison, I. AU - Carrasco, J. AU - Kaser, G. AU - Kwok, R. AU - Mote, P. AU - Murray, T. AU - Paul, F. AU - Ren, J. AU - Rignot, E. AU - Solomina, O. AU - Steffen, K. AU - Zhang, T. C4 - 3d339c60-bdf6-44f9-900d-249676925b4f CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 SE - 4 SN - ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 SP - 317–382 ST - Observations: Cryosphere T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Observations: Cryosphere UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ ID - 16470 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A 20-km regional climate model, the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model version 4 (ICTP RegCM4), is employed to investigate heavy lake-effect snowfall (HLES) over the Great Lakes Basin and the role of ice cover in regulating these events. When coupled to a lake model and driven with atmospheric reanalysis data between 1976 and 2002, RegCM4 reproduces the major characteristics of HLES. The influence of lake ice cover on HLES is investigated through 10 case studies (2 per Great Lake), in which a simulated heavy lake-effect event is compared with a companion simulation having 100% ice cover imposed on one or all of the Great Lakes. These experiments quantify the impact of ice cover on downstream snowfall and demonstrate that Lake Superior has the strongest, most widespread influence on heavy snowfall and Lake Ontario the least. Ice cover strongly affects a wide range of atmospheric variables above and downstream of lakes during HLES, including snowfall, surface energy fluxes, wind speed, temperature, moisture, clouds, and air pressure. Averaged among the 10 events, complete ice coverage causes major reductions in lake-effect snowfall (>80%) and turbulent heat fluxes over the lakes (>90%), less low cloudiness, lower temperatures, and higher air pressure. Another important consequence is a consistent weakening (30%–40%) of lower-tropospheric winds over the lakes when completely frozen. This momentum reduction further decreases over-lake evaporation and weakens downstream wind convergence, thus mitigating lake-effect snowfall. This finding suggests a secondary, dynamical mechanism by which ice cover affects downstream snowfall during HLES events, in addition to the more widely recognized thermodynamic influence. AU - Vavrus, Steve AU - Notaro, Michael AU - Zarrin, Azar DO - 10.1175/mwr-d-12-00107.1 IS - 1 KW - Inland seas/lakes,Lake effects,Snowfall,Regional models PY - 2013 SP - 148-165 ST - The role of ice cover in heavy lake-effect snowstorms over the Great Lakes Basin as simulated by RegCM4 T2 - Monthly Weather Review TI - The role of ice cover in heavy lake-effect snowstorms over the Great Lakes Basin as simulated by RegCM4 VL - 141 ID - 20862 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vavrus, Stephen J. AU - Notaro, Michael AU - Lorenz, David J. DA - 2015/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.wace.2015.10.005 IS - Part B KW - Climate Model Uncertainty CMIP Downscaled Extremes PY - 2015 SN - 2212-0947 SP - 10-28 ST - Interpreting climate model projections of extreme weather events T2 - Weather and Climate Extremes TI - Interpreting climate model projections of extreme weather events VL - 10 ID - 21149 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study tests the hypothesis that Arctic amplification (AA) of global warming remotely affects midlatitudes by promoting a weaker, wavier atmospheric circulation conducive to extreme weather. The investigation is based on the late twenty-first century over greater North America (20°–90°N, 50°–160°W) using 40 simulations from the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble, spanning 1920–2100. AA is found to promote regionally varying ridging aloft (500 hPa) with strong seasonal differences reflecting the location of the strongest surface thermal forcing. During winter, maximum increases in future geopotential heights are centered over the Arctic Ocean, in conjunction with sea ice loss, but minimum height increases (troughing) occur to the south, over the continental United States. During summer the location of maximum height inflation shifts equatorward, forming an annular band across mid-to-high latitudes of the entire Northern Hemisphere. This band spans the continents, whose enhanced surface heating is aided by antecedent snow-cover loss and reduced terrestrial heat capacity. Through the thermal wind relationship, midtropospheric winds weaken on the equatorward flank of both seasonal ridging anomalies—mainly over Canada during winter and even more over the continental United States during summer—but strengthen elsewhere to form a dipole anomaly pattern in each season. Changes in circulation waviness, expressed as sinuosity, are inversely correlated with changes in zonal wind speed at nearly all latitudes, both in the projections and as observed during recent decades. Over the central United States during summer, the weaker and wavier flow promotes drying and enhanced heating, thus favoring more intense summer weather. AU - Vavrus, Stephen J. AU - Wang, Fuyao AU - Martin, Jonathan E. AU - Francis, Jennifer A. AU - Peings, Yannick AU - Cattiaux, Julien DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-16-0762.1 IS - 11 KW - Atmosphere,Arctic,North America,Atmospheric circulation,Snow cover,Climate models PY - 2017 SP - 4317-4333 ST - Changes in North American atmospheric circulation and extreme weather: Influence of Arctic amplification and Northern Hemisphere snow cover T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Changes in North American atmospheric circulation and extreme weather: Influence of Arctic amplification and Northern Hemisphere snow cover VL - 30 ID - 24914 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M. AU - Lenhart, Audrey AU - Manrique-Saide, Pablo DO - 10.1093/trstmh/trw070 IS - 10 PY - 2016 SN - 0035-9203 SP - 567-569 ST - Housing improvement: A novel paradigm for urban vector-borne disease control? T2 - Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene TI - Housing improvement: A novel paradigm for urban vector-borne disease control? VL - 110 ID - 26113 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M. AU - Perkins, T. Alex AU - Waller, Lance A. AU - Lloyd, Alun L. AU - Reiner, Robert C., Jr. AU - Scott, Thomas W. AU - Kitron, Uriel DO - 10.1016/j.pt.2016.01.001 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SN - 1471-4922 SP - 356-367 ST - Coupled heterogeneities and their impact on parasite transmission and control T2 - Trends in Parasitology TI - Coupled heterogeneities and their impact on parasite transmission and control VL - 32 Y2 - 2018/08/23 ID - 26112 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives. We evaluated heart disease death rates among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and Whites after improving identification of AI/AN populations.Methods. Indian Health Service (IHS) registration data were linked to the National Death Index for 1990 to 2009 to identify deaths among AI/AN persons aged 35 years and older with heart disease listed as the underlying cause of death (UCOD) or 1 of multiple causes of death (MCOD). We restricted analyses to IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Areas and to non-Hispanic populations.Results. Heart disease death rates were higher among AI/AN persons than Whites from 1999 to 2009 (1.21 times for UCOD, 1.30 times for MCOD). Disparities were highest in younger age groups and in the Northern Plains, but lowest in the East and Southwest. In AI/AN persons, MCOD rates were 84% higher than UCOD rates. From 1990 to 2009, UCOD rates declined among Whites, but only declined significantly among AI/AN persons after 2003.Conclusions. Analysis with improved race identification indicated that AI/AN populations experienced higher heart disease death rates than Whites. Better prevention and more effective care of heart disease is needed for AI/AN populations. AU - Veazie, Mark AU - Ayala, Carma AU - Schieb, Linda AU - Dai, Shifan AU - Henderson, Jeffrey A. AU - Cho, Pyone DO - 10.2105/ajph.2013.301715 IS - S3 PY - 2014 SP - S359-S367 ST - Trends and disparities in heart disease mortality among American Indians/Alaska Natives, 1990–2009 T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Trends and disparities in heart disease mortality among American Indians/Alaska Natives, 1990–2009 VL - 104 ID - 24918 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose Rising global temperatures have resulted in an increased frequency and severity of cyclones, hurricanes, and flooding in many parts of the world. These climate change–related water disasters (CCRWDs) have a devastating impact on communities and the health of residents. Clinicians and policymakers require a substantive body of evidence on which to base planning, prevention, and disaster response to these events. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature concerning the impact of CCRWDs on public health in order to identify factors in these events that are amenable to preparedness and mitigation. Ultimately, this evidence could be used by nurses to advocate for greater preparedness initiatives and inform national and international disaster policy. Design and Methods A systematic literature review of publications identified through a comprehensive search of five relevant databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted using a modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach in January 2017 to describe major themes and associated factors of the impact of CCRWDs on population health. Findings Three major themes emerged: environmental disruption resulting in exposure to toxins, population susceptibility, and health systems infrastructure (failure to plan-prepare-mitigate, inadequate response, and lack of infrastructure). Direct health impact was characterized by four major categories: weather-related morbidity and mortality, waterborne diseases/water-related illness, vector-borne and zoonotic diseases, and psychiatric/mental health effects. Scope and duration of the event are factors that exacerbate the impact of CCRWDs. Discussion of specific factors amenable to mitigation was limited. Flooding as an event was overrepresented in this analysis (60%), and the majority of the research reviewed was conducted in high-income or upper middle-/high-income countries (62%), despite the fact that low-income countries bear a disproportionate share of the burden on morbidity and mortality from CCRWDs. Conclusions Empirical evidence related to CCRWDs is predominately descriptive in nature, characterizing the cascade of climatic shifts leading to major environmental disruption and exposure to toxins, and their resultant morbidity and mortality. There is inadequate representation of research exploring potentially modifiable factors associated with CCRWDs and their impact on population health. This review lays the foundation for a wide array of further areas of analysis to explore the negative health impacts of CCRWDs and for nurses to take a leadership role in identifying and advocating for evidence-based policies to plan, prevent, or mitigate these effects. Clinical Relevance Nurses comprise the largest global healthcare workforce and are in a position to advocate for disaster preparedness for CCRWDs, develop more robust environmental health policies, and work towards mitigating exposure to environmental toxins that may threaten human health. AU - Veenema, Tener Goodwin AU - Thornton, Clifton P. AU - Lavin, Roberta Proffitt AU - Bender, Annah K. AU - Seal, Stella AU - Corley, Andrew DO - 10.1111/jnu.12328 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SP - 625-634 ST - Climate change–related water disasters’ impact on population health T2 - Journal of Nursing Scholarship TI - Climate change–related water disasters’ impact on population health VL - 49 ID - 26114 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Veil, John CY - Oklahoma City, OK PB - Groundwater Protection Council PY - 2015 ST - U.S. Produced Water Volumes and Management Practices in 2012 TI - U.S. Produced Water Volumes and Management Practices in 2012 UR - http://www.veilenvironmental.com/publications/pw/prod_water_volume_2012.pdf ID - 21369 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are slow-growing, phototroph-based microbial assemblages that develop on the topsoils of drylands. Biocrusts help maintain soil fertility and reduce erosion. Because their loss through human activities has negative ecological and environmental health consequences, biocrust restoration is of interest. Active soil inoculation with biocrust microorganisms can be an important tool in this endeavor. We present a culture-independent, two-step process to grow multispecies biocrusts in open greenhouse nursery facilities, based on the inoculation of local soils with local biocrust remnants and incubation under seminatural conditions that maintain the essence of the habitat but lessen its harshness. In each of four U.S. Southwest sites, we tested and deployed combinations of factors that maximized growth (gauged as chlorophyll a content) while minimizing microbial community shifts (assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics), particularly for crust-forming cyanobacteria. Generally, doubling the frequency of natural wetting events, a 60% reduction in sunlight, and inoculation by slurry were optimal. Nutrient addition effects were site specific. In 4 months, our approach yielded crusts of high inoculum quality reared on local soil exposed to locally matched climates, acclimated to desiccation, and containing communities minimally shifted in composition from local ones. Our inoculum contained abundant crust-forming cyanobacteria and no significant numbers of allochthonous phototrophs, and it was sufficient to treat ca. 6,000 m2 of degraded dryland soils at 1 to 5% of the typical crust biomass concentration, having started from a natural crust remnant as small as 6 to 30 cm2.IMPORTANCE Soil surface crusts can protect dryland soils from erosion, but they are often negatively impacted by human activities. Their degradation causes a loss of fertility, increased production of fugitive dust and intensity of dust storms with associated traffic problems, and provokes general public health hazards. Our results constitute an advance in the quest to actively restore biological soil covers by providing a means to obtain high-quality inoculum within a reasonable time (a few months), thereby allowing land managers to recover essential, but damaged, ecosystem services in a sustainable, self-perpetuating way as provided by biocrust communities. AU - Velasco Ayuso, Sergio AU - Giraldo Silva, Ana AU - Nelson, Corey AU - Barger, Nichole N. AU - Garcia-Pichel, Ferran DA - February 1, 2017 DO - 10.1128/aem.02179-16 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SP - e02179-16 ST - Microbial nursery production of high-quality biological soil crust biomass for restoration of degraded dryland soils T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology TI - Microbial nursery production of high-quality biological soil crust biomass for restoration of degraded dryland soils VL - 83 ID - 25990 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Velinsky, David J. AU - Paudel, Bhanu AU - Quirk, Tracy AU - Piehler, Michael AU - Smyth, Ashley DO - 10.2112/si78-007.1 KW - Dentrification,wetland,tidal marsh,sediment oxygen demand PY - 2017 SP - 70-78 ST - Salt marsh denitrification provides a significant nitrogen sink in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey T2 - Journal of Coastal Research TI - Salt marsh denitrification provides a significant nitrogen sink in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey VL - Special Issue 78 ID - 26243 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Venkateswaran, Kanmani AU - MacClune, Karen AU - Gladfelter, Sierra AU - Szönyi, Michael CY - Zurich, Switzerland KW - added by ERG PB - Zurich Insurance Group PY - 2015 SP - 45 ST - Risk Nexus: What Can Be Learned from the Columbia and Charleston Floods 2015? T2 - Post event review capability (PERC) report TI - Risk Nexus: What Can Be Learned from the Columbia and Charleston Floods 2015? UR - https://www.zurich.com/_/media/dbe/corporate/docs/corporate-responsibility/risk-nexus-south-carolina-floods-2015.pdf ID - 23095 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Experimental studies have shown that coral calcification rates are dependent on light, nutrients, food availability, temperature, and seawater aragonite saturation (Ω arag), but the relative importance of each parameter in natural settings remains uncertain. In this study, we applied Calcein fluorescent dyes as time indicators within the skeleton of coral colonies (n = 3) of Porites astreoides and Diploria strigosa at three study sites distributed across the northern Bermuda coral reef platform. We evaluated the correlation between seasonal average growth rates based on coral density and extension rates with average temperature, light, and seawater Ω arag in an effort to decipher the relative importance of each parameter. The results show significant seasonal differences among coral calcification rates ranging from summer maximums of 243 ± 58 and 274 ± 57 mmol CaCO3 m−2 d−1 to winter minimums of 135 ± 39 and 101 ± 34 mmol CaCO3 m−2 d−1 for P. astreoides and D. strigosa, respectively. We also placed small coral colonies (n = 10) in transparent chambers and measured the instantaneous rate of calcification under light and dark treatments at the same study sites. The results showed that the skeletal growth of D. strigosa and P. astreoides, whether hourly or seasonal, was highly sensitive to Ω arag. We believe this high sensitivity, however, is misleading, due to covariance between light and Ω arag, with the former being the strongest driver of calcification variability. For the seasonal data, we assessed the impact that the observed seasonal differences in temperature (4.0 °C), light (5.1 mol photons m−2 d−1), and Ω arag (0.16 units) would have on coral growth rates based on established relationships derived from laboratory studies and found that they could account for approximately 44, 52, and 5 %, respectively, of the observed seasonal change of 81 ± 14 mmol CaCO3 m−2 d−1. Using short-term light and dark incubations, we show how the covariance of light and Ω arag can lead to the false conclusion that calcification is more sensitive to Ω arag than it really is. AU - Venti, A. AU - Andersson, A. AU - Langdon, C. DA - December 01 DO - 10.1007/s00338-014-1191-9 IS - 4 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 1432-0975 SP - 979-997 ST - Multiple driving factors explain spatial and temporal variability in coral calcification rates on the Bermuda platform T2 - Coral Reefs TI - Multiple driving factors explain spatial and temporal variability in coral calcification rates on the Bermuda platform VL - 33 ID - 24994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Verburg, Peter H AU - Neumann, Kathleen AU - Nol, Linda DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02307.x IS - 2 PY - 2011 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 974-989 ST - Challenges in using land use and land cover data for global change studies T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Challenges in using land use and land cover data for global change studies VL - 17 ID - 22656 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Verdeny-Vilalta, Oriol AU - Moya-Laraño, Jordi DA - 2014/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.027 KW - animal mobility encounter rate predator–prey interaction soil water distribution PY - 2014 SN - 0003-3472 SP - 101-108 ST - Seeking water while avoiding predators: Moisture gradients can affect predator–prey interactions T2 - Animal Behaviour TI - Seeking water while avoiding predators: Moisture gradients can affect predator–prey interactions VL - 90 ID - 23466 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Verdin, James P. CY - Des Moines, IA PY - 2016 T2 - USDA–USAID 2016 International Food Assistance and Food Security Conference TI - How Ethiopia averted widespread famine: Resilience in the face of El Niño and a historic drought ID - 22133 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Vergakis, Brock CY - Norfolk, VA DA - October 8, 2016 PB - Pilot Media PY - 2016 ST - Navy plans to identify threat of sea level rise in Hampton Roads and how flooding affects areas around a base T2 - The Virginian-Pilot TI - Navy plans to identify threat of sea level rise in Hampton Roads and how flooding affects areas around a base UR - https://pilotonline.com/news/military/local/navy-plans-to-identify-threat-of-sea-level-rise-in/article_263e4a69-9ca3-59ad-a330-539aeb1e0d65.html ID - 23977 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Most studies of the impact of global warming focus on the direct physiological impacts of climate change. However, global warming is shifting the distribution of many species and leading to novel interactions between previously separated species that have the potential to transform entire ecological communities. This study shows that an increase in the proportion of warmwater species (“tropicalization”) as oceans warm is increasing fish herbivory in kelp forests, contributing to their decline and subsequent persistence in alternate “kelp-free” states. These tropical and subtropical herbivores are increasingly impacting temperate algal communities worldwide, posing a significant threat to the long-term stability of these iconic ecosystems and the valuable services they provide.Some of the most profound effects of climate change on ecological communities are due to alterations in species interactions rather than direct physiological effects of changing environmental conditions. Empirical evidence of historical changes in species interactions within climate-impacted communities is, however, rare and difficult to obtain. Here, we demonstrate the recent disappearance of key habitat-forming kelp forests from a warming tropical–temperate transition zone in eastern Australia. Using a 10-y video dataset encompassing a 0.6 °C warming period, we show how herbivory increased as kelp gradually declined and then disappeared. Concurrently, fish communities from sites where kelp was originally abundant but subsequently disappeared became increasingly dominated by tropical herbivores. Feeding assays identified two key tropical/subtropical herbivores that consumed transplanted kelp within hours at these sites. There was also a distinct increase in the abundance of fishes that consume epilithic algae, and much higher bite rates by this group at sites without kelp, suggesting a key role for these fishes in maintaining reefs in kelp-free states by removing kelp recruits. Changes in kelp abundance showed no direct relationship to seawater temperatures over the decade and were also unrelated to other measured abiotic factors (nutrients and storms). Our results show that warming-mediated increases in fish herbivory pose a significant threat to kelp-dominated ecosystems in Australia and, potentially, globally. AU - Vergés, Adriana AU - Doropoulos, Christopher AU - Malcolm, Hamish A. AU - Skye, Mathew AU - Garcia-Pizá, Marina AU - Marzinelli, Ezequiel M. AU - Campbell, Alexandra H. AU - Ballesteros, Enric AU - Hoey, Andrew S. AU - Vila-Concejo, Ana AU - Bozec, Yves-Marie AU - Steinberg, Peter D. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1610725113 IS - 48 PY - 2016 SP - 13791-13796 ST - Long-term empirical evidence of ocean warming leading to tropicalization of fish communities, increased herbivory, and loss of kelp T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Long-term empirical evidence of ocean warming leading to tropicalization of fish communities, increased herbivory, and loss of kelp VL - 113 ID - 25670 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate-driven changes in biotic interactions can profoundly alter ecological communities, particularly when they impact foundation species. In marine systems, changes in herbivory and the consequent loss of dominant habitat forming species can result in dramatic community phase shifts, such as from coral to macroalgal dominance when tropical fish herbivory decreases, and from algal forests to ‘barrens’ when temperate urchin grazing increases. Here, we propose a novel phase-shift away from macroalgal dominance caused by tropical herbivores extending their range into temperate regions. We argue that this phase shift is facilitated by poleward-flowing boundary currents that are creating ocean warming hotspots around the globe, enabling the range expansion of tropical species and increasing their grazing rates in temperate areas. Overgrazing of temperate macroalgae by tropical herbivorous fishes has already occurred in Japan and the Mediterranean. Emerging evidence suggests similar phenomena are occurring in other temperate regions, with increasing occurrence of tropical fishes on temperate reefs. AU - Vergés, Adriana AU - Steinberg, Peter D. AU - Hay, Mark E. AU - Poore, Alistair G. B. AU - Campbell, Alexandra H. AU - Ballesteros, Enric AU - Heck, Kenneth L. AU - Booth, David J. AU - Coleman, Melinda A. AU - Feary, David A. AU - Figueira, Will AU - Langlois, Tim AU - Marzinelli, Ezequiel M. AU - Mizerek, Toni AU - Mumby, Peter J. AU - Nakamura, Yohei AU - Roughan, Moninya AU - van Sebille, Erik AU - Gupta, Alex Sen AU - Smale, Dan A. AU - Tomas, Fiona AU - Wernberg, Thomas AU - Wilson, Shaun K. DO - 10.1098/rspb.2014.0846 IS - 1789 PY - 2014 ST - The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: Climate-mediated changes in herbivory and community phase shifts T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: Climate-mediated changes in herbivory and community phase shifts VL - 281 ID - 24389 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vermaire, Jesse C. AU - Pisaric, Michael F. J. AU - Thienpont, Joshua R. AU - Courtney Mustaphi, Colin J. AU - Kokelj, Steven V. AU - Smol, John P. DO - 10.1002/grl.50191 IS - 7 KW - paleolimnology storm surge Arctic particle size analysis diatoms coastal processes 1630 Impacts of global change 1817 Extreme events 4343 Preparedness and planning 4564 Tsunamis and storm surges 4901 Abrupt/rapid climate change PY - 2013 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 1386-1390 ST - Arctic climate warming and sea ice declines lead to increased storm surge activity T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Arctic climate warming and sea ice declines lead to increased storm surge activity VL - 40 ID - 22323 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The economic impacts from geological hazards that occur within or adjacent to Colorado Department of Transportation (DOT) right-of-way can be measured in support of exposure estimation for risk-based asset and performance management. The events include rockfalls, rock slides, landslides, debris flows, and sinkholes and can be categorized as routine maintenance, regular program activities, and urgent response. The statewide economic impacts from geologic hazards were grouped into two categories: (a) direct costs for maintenance labor and equipment, engineering, and construction and (b) indirect costs, including property damage, injury or fatalities, traveler delay, lost productivity, loss of revenue to businesses and communities, and environmental impacts. Annual direct department costs from geologic hazard events average about $17 million to $20 million, which includes maintenance staff response to approximately 8,500 work orders each year. Most work orders are high-frequency events that are addressed daily by maintenance staff. Conversely, some events occur less frequently and have a larger economic impact, particularly for users and communities. In 2014, the economic impact from geologic hazards on Colorado DOT roadways was estimated to be nearly $30 million. Historical data indicate that the 2014 estimate is conservative when high-volume roadways are affected or when more large events occur in a single year. For example, the economic impact for two rockfall events on I-70 in 2004 and 2010 was estimated to be more than $40 million each, adjusted to 2015 dollars. When average Colorado DOT direct expenses are included, the economic impact in those years may have exceeded $60 million. AU - Vessely, Mark AU - Richrath, Scott AU - Weldemicael, Ermias DO - 10.3141/2646-02 PY - 2017 SP - 8-16 ST - Economic impacts from geologic hazard events on Colorado Department of Transportation right-of-way T2 - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board TI - Economic impacts from geologic hazard events on Colorado Department of Transportation right-of-way VL - 2646 ID - 26039 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vickery, Jamie AU - Hunter, Lori M. DA - 2016/01/02 DO - 10.1080/08941920.2015.1045644 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 0894-1920 SP - 36-52 ST - Native Americans: Where in environmental justice research? T2 - Society & Natural Resources TI - Native Americans: Where in environmental justice research? VL - 29 ID - 25311 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A comparative study was undertaken of the fate of fine sediment in the Ngerikiil and Ngerdorch mangrove-fringed estuaries in Babeldaob Island, Palau, Micronesia, in 2002. The mangroves comprised 3.8% of each catchment area, and in both systems, they trapped about 30% of the riverine sediment. Mangroves are important buffers protecting fringing coral reefs from excessive sedimentation. The sediment yield was significantly higher in the Ngerikiil River catchment (150 tons km−2 yr−1) that has been extensively cleared and farmed, than in Ngerdorch River catchment (1.9 tons km−2 yr−1) that was still relatively pristine during the study period. AU - Victor, S. AU - Golbuu, Y. AU - Wolanski, E. AU - Richmond, R. H. DA - 2004/08/01/ DO - 10.1007/s11273-005-8319-1 DP - link.springer.com IS - 4 LA - en PY - 2004 SN - 0923-4861, 1572-9834 SP - 277-283 ST - Fine sediment trapping in two mangrove-fringed estuaries exposed to contrasting land-use intensity, Palau, Micronesia T2 - Wetlands Ecology and Management TI - Fine sediment trapping in two mangrove-fringed estuaries exposed to contrasting land-use intensity, Palau, Micronesia VL - 12 Y2 - 2017/09/23/02:47:27 ID - 22532 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is likely to affect the generation of energy from California’s high-elevation hydropower systems. To investigate these impacts, this study formulates a linear programming model of an 11-reservoir hydroelectric system operated by the Sacramento Municipal Utility District in the Upper American River basin. Four sets of hydrologic scenarios are developed using the Variable Infiltration Capacity model combined with climatic output from two general circulation models under two greenhouse-gas emissions scenarios. Power generation and revenues fall under two of the four climate change scenarios, as a consequence of drier hydrologic conditions. Energy generation is primarily limited by annual volume of streamflow, and is affected more than revenues, reflecting the ability of the system to store water when energy prices are low for use when prices are high (July through September). Power generation and revenues increase for two of the scenarios, which predict wetter hydrologic conditions. In this case, power generation increases more than revenues indicating that the system is using most of its available capacity under current hydrologic conditions. Hydroelectric systems located in basins with hydrograph centroids occuring close to summer months (July through September) are likely to be affected by the changes in hydrologic timing associated with climate change (e.g., earlier snowmelts and streamflows) if the systems lack sufficient storage capacity. High Sierra hydroelectric systems with sufficiently large storage capacity should not be affected by climate-induced changes in hydrologic timing. AU - Vicuna, S. AU - Leonardson, R. AU - Hanemann, M. W. AU - Dale, L. L. AU - Dracup, J. A. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-007-9365-x IS - 1 LB - Vicuna2008 M3 - journal article PY - 2008 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 123-137 ST - Climate change impacts on high elevation hydropower generation in California’s Sierra Nevada: A case study in the Upper American River T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change impacts on high elevation hydropower generation in California’s Sierra Nevada: A case study in the Upper American River VL - 87 ID - 26397 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Our improved capability to adapt to the future changes in discharge is linked to our capability to predict the magnitude or at least the direction of these changes. For the agricultural United States Midwest, too much or too little water has severe socioeconomic impacts. Here, we focus on the Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, and use a statistical approach to examine projected changes in discharge. We build on statistical models using rainfall and harvested corn and soybean acreage to explain the observed discharge variability. We then use projections of these two predictors to examine the projected discharge response. Results are based on seven global climate models part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). There is not a strong signal of change in the discharge projections under the RCP 4.5. However, the results for the RCP 8.5 point to a stronger changing signal related to larger projected increases in rainfall, resulting in increased trends, in particular, in the upper part of the discharge distribution (i.e., 60th percentile and above). Examination of two hypothetical agricultural scenarios indicates that these increasing trends could be alleviated by decreasing the extent of the agricultural production. We also discuss how the methodology presented in this study represents a viable approach to move forward with the concept of return period for engineering design and management in a nonstationary world. AU - Villarini, Gabriele AU - Scoccimarro, Enrico AU - White, Kathleen D. AU - Arnold, Jeffrey R. AU - Schilling, Keith E. AU - Ghosh, Joyee DO - 10.1111/1752-1688.12318 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SP - 1361-1371 ST - Projected changes in discharge in an agricultural watershed in Iowa T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - Projected changes in discharge in an agricultural watershed in Iowa VL - 51 ID - 26621 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Villarini, Gabriele AU - Smith, James A. AU - Serinaldi, Francesco AU - Bales, Jerad AU - Bates, Paul D. AU - Krajewski, Witold F. DA - 2009/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.advwatres.2009.05.003 IS - 8 KW - Nonstationarity Urbanization GAMLSS Flood frequency analysis PY - 2009 SN - 0309-1708 SP - 1255-1266 ST - Flood frequency analysis for nonstationary annual peak records in an urban drainage basin T2 - Advances in Water Resources TI - Flood frequency analysis for nonstationary annual peak records in an urban drainage basin VL - 32 ID - 26043 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Villarroel Walker, R. AU - Beck, M. B. AU - Hall, J. W. AU - Dawson, R. J. AU - Heidrich, O. DA - 2014/08/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.054 KW - Resource recovery Decision-making Nutrients Energy Wastewater PY - 2014 SN - 0301-4797 SP - 104-115 ST - The energy-water-food nexus: Strategic analysis of technologies for transforming the urban metabolism T2 - Journal of Environmental Management TI - The energy-water-food nexus: Strategic analysis of technologies for transforming the urban metabolism VL - 141 ID - 23253 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Vincent, Carol Hardy AU - Hanson, Laura A. AU - Argueta, Carla N. CY - Washington, DC NV - CRS Report for Congress, R42346 PB - Congressional Research Service PY - 2017 SP - 25 ST - Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data TI - Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data UR - https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=799426 ID - 23901 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Surface and satellite-based observations show a decrease in Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent during the past 46 years. A comparison of these trends to control and transient integrations (forced by observed greenhouse gases and tropospheric sulfate aerosols) from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory and Hadley Centre climate models reveals that the observed decrease in Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent agrees with the transient simulations, and both trends are much larger than would be expected from natural climate variations. From long-term control runs of climate models, it was found that the probability of the observed trends resulting from natural climate variability, assuming that the models' natural variability is similar to that found in nature, is less than 2 percent for the 1978–98 sea ice trends and less than 0.1 percent for the 1953–98 sea ice trends. Both models used here project continued decreases in sea ice thickness and extent throughout the next century. AU - Vinnikov, Konstantin Y. AU - Robock, Alan AU - Stouffer, Ronald J. AU - Walsh, John E. AU - Parkinson, Claire L. AU - Cavalieri, Donald J. AU - Mitchell, John F. B. AU - Garrett, Donald AU - Zakharov, Victor F. DO - 10.1126/science.286.5446.1934 IS - 5446 PY - 1999 SP - 1934-1937 ST - Global warming and Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent T2 - Science TI - Global warming and Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent VL - 286 ID - 20811 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vins, Holly AU - Bell, Jesse AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Hess, Jeremy DO - 10.3390/ijerph121013251 IS - 10 PY - 2015 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 13251 ST - The mental health outcomes of drought: A systematic review and causal process diagram T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - The mental health outcomes of drought: A systematic review and causal process diagram VL - 12 ID - 23879 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Vinyeta, Kirsten AU - Lynn, Kathy CY - Portland, OR NV - General Technical Report PNW-GTR-879 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture Pacific Northwest Research Station PY - 2013 SP - 37 ST - Exploring the Role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Climate Change Initiatives TI - Exploring the Role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Climate Change Initiatives UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr879.pdf ID - 21326 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Vinyeta, Kirsten AU - Powys Whyte, Kyle AU - Lynn, Kathy CY - Portland, OR DO - 10.2737/PNW-GTR-923 NV - Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-923 PB - U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station PY - 2015 SP - 72 ST - Climate Change Through an Intersectional Lens: Gendered Vulnerability and Resilience in Indigenous Communities in the United States TI - Climate Change Through an Intersectional Lens: Gendered Vulnerability and Resilience in Indigenous Communities in the United States ID - 24806 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Virgin Islands State Historic Preservation Office AU - University of Alabama Office of Archaeological Research CY - Moundville, AL PB - University of Alabama, Office of Archaeological Research PY - 2016 SP - 50 ST - The U.S. Virgin Islands Statewide Historic Preservation Plan TI - The U.S. Virgin Islands Statewide Historic Preservation Plan UR - https://museums.ua.edu/oar/usvi/ ID - 25114 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Vision North Texas CY - Dallas, TX PB - Vision North Texas PY - 2010 SP - 65 ST - Vision North Texas: Understanding Our Options for Growth TI - Vision North Texas: Understanding Our Options for Growth UR - http://www.visionnorthtexas.org/regional_summit/North_Texas_2050.pdf ID - 23311 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global climate change drives sea-level rise, increasing the frequency of coastal flooding. In most coastal regions, the amount of sea-level rise occurring over years to decades is significantly smaller than normal ocean-level fluctuations caused by tides, waves, and storm surge. However, even gradual sea-level rise can rapidly increase the frequency and severity of coastal flooding. So far, global-scale estimates of increased coastal flooding due to sea-level rise have not considered elevated water levels due to waves, and thus underestimate the potential impact. Here we use extreme value theory to combine sea-level projections with wave, tide, and storm surge models to estimate increases in coastal flooding on a continuous global scale. We find that regions with limited water-level variability, i.e., short-tailed flood-level distributions, located mainly in the Tropics, will experience the largest increases in flooding frequency. The 10 to 20 cm of sea-level rise expected no later than 2050 will more than double the frequency of extreme water-level events in the Tropics, impairing the developing economies of equatorial coastal cities and the habitability of low-lying Pacific island nations. AU - Vitousek, Sean AU - Barnard, Patrick L. AU - Fletcher, Charles H. AU - Frazer, Neil AU - Erikson, Li AU - Storlazzi, Curt D. DA - 2017/05/18/ DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-01362-7 DP - www.nature.com IS - 1 LA - En PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 1399 ST - Doubling of coastal flooding frequency within decades due to sea-level rise T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Doubling of coastal flooding frequency within decades due to sea-level rise VL - 7 Y2 - 2017/09/25/22:55:07 ID - 22533 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vitousek, Sean AU - Barnard, Patrick L. AU - Limber, Patrick DO - 10.1002/2017JF004308 IS - 4 KW - climate change sea level rise coastal change beach erosion sediment transport 1641 Sea level change 3238 Prediction 4217 Coastal processes 4558 Sediment transport PY - 2017 SN - 2169-9011 SP - 1060-1067 ST - Can beaches survive climate change? T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface TI - Can beaches survive climate change? VL - 122 ID - 23976 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vitousek, Sean AU - Barnard, Patrick L. AU - Limber, Patrick AU - Erikson, Li AU - Cole, Blake DO - 10.1002/2016JF004065 IS - 4 KW - shoreline change coastal evolution sediment transport sea level rise coastal geomorphology numerical modeling 1641 Sea level change 4217 Coastal processes 4558 Sediment transport PY - 2017 SN - 2169-9011 SP - 782-806 ST - A model integrating longshore and cross-shore processes for predicting long-term shoreline response to climate change T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface TI - A model integrating longshore and cross-shore processes for predicting long-term shoreline response to climate change VL - 122 ID - 23975 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Vocke, Gary CY - Washington, DC PB - USDA Economic Research Service PY - 2015 SN - WHS-2015-1 SP - 21 ST - U.S. 2013/14 Wheat Year in Review: Smaller Supplies and Higher Exports Lower Ending Stocks TI - U.S. 2013/14 Wheat Year in Review: Smaller Supplies and Higher Exports Lower Ending Stocks UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=40302 ID - 25777 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Vogel, Jason AU - Carney, Karen M. AU - Smith, Joel B. AU - Herrick, Charles AU - Stults, Missy AU - O’Grady, Megan AU - Juliana, Alexis St. AU - Hosterman, Heather AU - Giangola, Lorine CY - Detroit KW - urban climate change adaptation PB - Kresge Foundation PY - 2016 ST - Climate Adaptation—The State of Practice in U.S. Communities TI - Climate Adaptation—The State of Practice in U.S. Communities UR - http://kresge.org/sites/default/files/library/climate-adaptation-the-state-of-practice-in-us-communities-full-report.pdf ID - 22874 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vogel, Jason AU - McNie, Elizabeth AU - Behar, David DA - 2016/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.cliser.2016.06.003 KW - Actionable science Co-production Climate model information Water resources management Vulnerability assessment PY - 2016 SN - 2405-8807 SP - 30-40 ST - Co-producing actionable science for water utilities T2 - Climate Services TI - Co-producing actionable science for water utilities VL - 2-3 ID - 26392 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Vogel, Jason AU - Smith, Joel AU - O'Grady, Megan AU - Flemming, Paul AU - Heyn, Kavita AU - Adams, Alison AU - Pierson, Don AU - Brooks, Keely AU - Behar, David C4 - c54bb72b-a4af-41f4-9f0a-1464f047610d CY - Las Vegas, NV PB - Water Utility Climate Alliance PY - 2015 SP - various ST - Actionable Science in Practice: Co-producing Climate Change Information for Water Utility Vulnerability Assessments TI - Actionable Science in Practice: Co-producing Climate Change Information for Water Utility Vulnerability Assessments UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280492176_Actionable_Science_in_Practice_Co-producing_Climate_Change_Information_for_Water_Utility_Vulnerability_Assessments ID - 26393 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Vogel, J.M. AU - O'Grady, M. AU - Renfrow, S. CY - Golden, CO NV - NREL/SR-3500-64174 PB - National Renewal Energy Laboratory PY - 2015 SP - 42 ST - A Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Report for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory: May 23, 2014–June 5, 2015 TI - A Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Report for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory: May 23, 2014–June 5, 2015 UR - https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/64174.pdf ID - 25657 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It may no longer be reasonable to model streamflow as a stationary process, yet nearly all existing water resource planning methods assume that historical streamflows will remain unchanged in the future. In the few instances when trends in extreme events have been considered, most recent work has focused on the influence of climate change, alone. This study takes a different approach by exploring trends in floods in watersheds which are subject to a very broad range of anthropogenic influences, not limited to climate change. A simple statistical model is developed which can both mimic observed flood trends as well as the frequency of floods in a nonstationary world. This model is used to explore a range of flood planning issues in a nonstationary world. A decadal flood magnification factor is defined as the ratio of the T-year flood in a decade to the T-year flood today. Using historical flood data across the United States we obtain flood magnification factors in excess of 2-5 for many regions of the United States, particularly those regions with higher population densities. Similarly, we compute recurrence reduction factors which indicate that what is now considered the 100-year flood, may become much more common in many watersheds. Nonstationarity in floods can result from a variety of anthropogenic processes including changes in land use, climate, and water use, with likely interactions among those processes making it very difficult to attribute trends to a particular cause. AU - Vogel, Richard M. AU - Yaindl, Chad AU - Walter, Meghan DA - // DO - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00541.x IS - 3 KW - land-use/land-cover change trend analysis urbanization runoff flooding rivers/streams PY - 2011 SP - 464-474 ST - Nonstationarity: Flood magnification and recurrence reduction factors in the United States T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association TI - Nonstationarity: Flood magnification and recurrence reduction factors in the United States VL - 47 ID - 26044 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Voggesser, Garrit AU - Lynn, Kathy AU - Daigle, John AU - Lake, Frank K. AU - Ranco, Darren C6 - NCA DA - October 2013 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0733-4 ET - 2013/03/29 IS - 3 LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 615-626 ST - Cultural impacts to tribes from climate change influences on forests T2 - Climatic Change TI - Cultural impacts to tribes from climate change influences on forests VL - 120 ID - 15832 ER - TY - BLOG AU - Voiland, Adam M1 - September 6 PB - NASA PY - 2017 ST - Hot water ahead for Hurricane Irma T2 - NASA Earth Observatory TI - Hot water ahead for Hurricane Irma UR - https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/90912/hot-water-ahead-for-hurricane-irma ID - 26304 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Voisin, N. AU - Kintner-Meyer, M. AU - Skaggs, R. AU - Nguyen, T. AU - Wu, D. AU - Dirks, J. AU - Xie, Y. AU - Hejazi, M. DA - 2016/11/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2016.08.059 KW - Electric grid Reliability Water-energy nexus Inter-annual variability Production cost model Hydro-climatology PY - 2016 SN - 0360-5442 SP - 1-12 ST - Vulnerability of the US western electric grid to hydro-climatological conditions: How bad can it get? T2 - Energy TI - Vulnerability of the US western electric grid to hydro-climatological conditions: How bad can it get? VL - 115 ID - 25276 ER - TY - RPRT AU - von Braun, Joachim AU - Tadesse, Getaw CY - Bonn, Germany N1 - ISSN: 1436-9931 NV - ZEF-Discussion Papers on Development Policy No. 161 PB - University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF) PY - 2012 RP - ISSN: 1436-9931 SP - 42 ST - Global Food Price Volatility and Spikes: An Overview of Costs, Causes, and Solutions TI - Global Food Price Volatility and Spikes: An Overview of Costs, Causes, and Solutions UR - http://ssrn.com/abstract=1992470 ID - 22039 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To date, the research community has failed to reach a consensus on the nature and significance of the relationship between climate variability and armed conflict. We argue that progress has been hampered by insufficient attention paid to the context in which droughts and other climatic extremes may increase the risk of violent mobilization. Addressing this shortcoming, this study presents an actor-oriented analysis of the drought–conflict relationship, focusing specifically on politically relevant ethnic groups and their sensitivity to growing-season drought under various political and socioeconomic contexts. To this end, we draw on new conflict event data that cover Asia and Africa, 1989–2014, updated spatial ethnic settlement data, and remote sensing data on agricultural land use. Our procedure allows quantifying, for each ethnic group, drought conditions during the growing season of the locally dominant crop. A comprehensive set of multilevel mixed effects models that account for the groups’ livelihood, economic, and political vulnerabilities reveals that a drought under most conditions has little effect on the short-term risk that a group challenges the state by military means. However, for agriculturally dependent groups as well as politically excluded groups in very poor countries, a local drought is found to increase the likelihood of sustained violence. We interpret this as evidence of the reciprocal relationship between drought and conflict, whereby each phenomenon makes a group more vulnerable to the other. AU - von Uexkull, Nina AU - Croicu, Mihai AU - Fjelde, Hanne AU - Buhaug, Halvard DA - November 1, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1607542113 IS - 44 PY - 2016 SP - 12391-12396 ST - Civil conflict sensitivity to growing-season drought T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Civil conflict sensitivity to growing-season drought VL - 113 ID - 22038 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Vose, James AU - Clark, J.S. AU - Luce, Charlie AU - Patel-Weynand, Toral CY - Washington, DC M1 - Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-93b PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington Office PY - 2016 SP - 289 ST - Effects of Drought on Forests and Rangelands in the United States: A Comprehensive Science Synthesis TI - Effects of Drought on Forests and Rangelands in the United States: A Comprehensive Science Synthesis UR - http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/50261 ID - 20154 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Vose, James M. AU - Klepzig, Kier D. CY - Boca Raton, FL PB - CRC Press PY - 2013 SN - 9781466572751 SP - 492 ST - Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options: A Guide for Natural Resource Managers in Southern Forest Ecosystems TI - Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options: A Guide for Natural Resource Managers in Southern Forest Ecosystems ID - 21944 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vose, James M. AU - Miniat, Chelcy Ford AU - Luce, Charles H. AU - Asbjornsen, Heidi AU - Caldwell, Peter V. AU - Campbell, John L. AU - Grant, Gordon E. AU - Isaak, Daniel J. AU - Loheide Ii, Steven P. AU - Sun, Ge DA - 11/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.03.025 KW - Transpiration Streamflow Water balance Water quality Climate change Management options PY - 2016 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 335-345 ST - Ecohydrological implications of drought for forests in the United States T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Ecohydrological implications of drought for forests in the United States VL - 380 ID - 21138 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Vose, J.M. AU - Peterson, D.L. AU - Domke, G.M. AU - Fettig, C.J. AU - Joyce, L.A. AU - Keane, R.E. AU - Luce, C.H. AU - Prestemon, J.P. AU - Band, L.E. AU - Clark, J.S. AU - Cooley, N.E. AU - D'Amato, A. AU - Halofsky, J.E. C4 - 650044e7-ec53-46d3-a696-996d01e3a40b CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH6 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 6 SP - xxx ST - Forests T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Forests ID - 26640 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Vose, J. M. AU - Peterson, D.L. AU - Patel-Weynand, T. CY - Portland, OR DA - December 2012 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station PY - 2012 SP - 265 ST - Effects of Climatic Variability and Change on Forest Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Science Synthesis for the U.S. Forest Sector. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-870 TI - Effects of Climatic Variability and Change on Forest Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Science Synthesis for the U.S. Forest Sector. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-870 UR - http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/effects_2012/FS_Climate1114%20opt.pdf ID - 15834 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vose, Russell S. AU - Applequist, Scott AU - Bourassa, Mark A. AU - Pryor, Sara C. AU - Barthelmie, Rebecca J. AU - Blanton, Brian AU - Bromirski, Peter D. AU - Brooks, Harold E. AU - DeGaetano, Arthur T. AU - Dole, Randall M. AU - Easterling, David R. AU - Jensen, Robert E. AU - Karl, Thomas R. AU - Katz, Richard W. AU - Klink, Katherine AU - Kruk, Michael C. AU - Kunkel, Kenneth E. AU - MacCracken, Michael C. AU - Peterson, Thomas C. AU - Shein, Karsten AU - Thomas, Bridget R. AU - Walsh, John E. AU - Wang, Xiaolan L. AU - Wehner, Michael F. AU - Wuebbles, Donald J. AU - Young, Robert S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00162.1 IS - 3 PY - 2014 SN - 0003-0007 SP - 377-386 ST - Monitoring and understanding changes in extremes: Extratropical storms, winds, and waves T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Monitoring and understanding changes in extremes: Extratropical storms, winds, and waves VL - 95 Y2 - 2013/10/15 ID - 15835 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Temperature trends over 1979–2008 in the U.S. Historical Climatology Network (HCN) are compared with those in six recent atmospheric reanalyses. For the conterminous United States, the trend in the adjusted HCN (0.327 °C dec−1) is generally comparable to the ensemble mean of the reanalyses (0.342 °C dec−1). It is also well within the range of the reanalysis trend estimates (0.280 to 0.437 °C dec−1). The bias adjustments play a critical role, as the raw HCN dataset displays substantially less warming than all of the reanalyses. HCN has slightly lower maximum and minimum temperature trends than those reanalyses with hourly temporal resolution, suggesting the HCN adjustments may not fully compensate for recent non-climatic artifacts at some stations. Spatially, both the adjusted HCN and all of the reanalyses indicate widespread warming across the nation during the study period. Overall, the adjusted HCN is in broad agreement with the suite of reanalyses. AU - Vose, R.S. AU - Applequist, S. AU - Menne, M.J. AU - Williams, C.N., Jr. AU - Thorne, P. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1029/2012GL051387 IS - 10 PY - 2012 SE - L10703 SN - 0094-8276 SP - 6 ST - An intercomparison of temperature trends in the US Historical Climatology Network and recent atmospheric reanalyses T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - An intercomparison of temperature trends in the US Historical Climatology Network and recent atmospheric reanalyses VL - 39 ID - 15836 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vose, R.S. AU - Arndt, D. AU - Banzon, V.F. AU - Easterling, D.R. AU - Gleason, B. AU - Huang, B. AU - Kearns, E. AU - Lawrimore, J.H. AU - Menne, M.J. AU - Peterson, T.C. AU - Reynolds, R.W. AU - Smith, T.M. AU - Williams, C.N. AU - Wuertz, D.L. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00241.1 PY - 2012 SP - 1677-1685 ST - NOAA’s merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - NOAA’s merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis VL - 93 ID - 15837 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Vose, R.S. AU - Easterling, D.R. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - LeGrande, A.N. AU - Wehner, M.F. C4 - 29960c69-6168-4fb0-9af0-d50bdd91acd3 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J0N29V45 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 6 SP - 185-206 ST - Temperature changes in the United States T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Temperature changes in the United States ID - 21564 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rising sea level is increasing soil salinity and flooding frequency, directly impacting low-lying coastal farmlands. In response to reduced production of traditional crops, dikes may be built which will prevent inland migration of wetlands. Seashore mallow, Kosteletzkya pentacarpos, is being developed as an alternative crop for such areas. Eventually, when the crop can no longer be harvested because of flooding, we hypothesize that seashore mallow will facilitate the establishment of desirable wetland species by acting as a nurse crop through this transitional period. Four treatments were planted in flood-irrigated plots at an upland field site adjacent to a salt marsh. The control, Spartina patens, K. pentacarpos, and combined treatments were laid out in a complete randomized block design with replication. These were sampled for species percent vegetative cover, morphological traits, above-ground biomass, and leaf litter. The presence of seashore mallow enhanced S. patens and Baccharis halimifolia recruitment and did not negatively impact growth of planted S. patens. Communities established around K. pentacarpos were both productive and diverse, and leaf litter was increased by K. pentacarpos. Our findings support the use of K. pentacarpos as a low-cost nurse crop in salinized agro-ecosystems. Such a strategy would prolong agricultural function and minimize loss of ecological services by allowing gradual inland wetland migration. AU - Voutsina, Nikol AU - Seliskar, Denise M. AU - Gallagher, John L. DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s12237-014-9795-4 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1559-2731 SP - 35-44 ST - The facilitative role of Kosteletzkya pentacarpos in transitioning coastal agricultural land to wetland during sea level rise T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - The facilitative role of Kosteletzkya pentacarpos in transitioning coastal agricultural land to wetland during sea level rise VL - 38 ID - 21700 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wada, Yoshihide AU - Lo, Min-Hui AU - Yeh, Pat J. F. AU - Reager, John T. AU - Famiglietti, James S. AU - Wu, Ren-Jie AU - Tseng, Yu-Heng DA - 08//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate3001 IS - 8 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 777-780 ST - Fate of water pumped from underground and contributions to sea-level rise T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Fate of water pumped from underground and contributions to sea-level rise VL - 6 ID - 20316 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sea level rise is generally attributed to increased ocean heat content and increased rates glacier and ice melt. However, human transformations of Earth’s surface have impacted water exchange between land, atmosphere, and ocean, ultimately affecting global sea level variations. Impoundment of water in reservoirs and artificial lakes has reduced the outflow of water to the sea, while river runoff has increased due to groundwater mining, wetland and endorheic lake storage losses, and deforestation. In addition, climate-driven changes in land water stores can have a large impact on global sea level variations over decadal timescales. Here, we review each component of negative and positive land water contribution separately in order to highlight and understand recent changes in land water contribution to sea level variations. AU - Wada, Yoshihide AU - Reager, John T. AU - Chao, Benjamin F. AU - Wang, Jida AU - Lo, Min-Hui AU - Song, Chunqiao AU - Li, Yuwen AU - Gardner, Alex S. DO - 10.1007/s10712-016-9399-6 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-0956 SP - 131-152 ST - Recent changes in land water storage and its contribution to sea level variations T2 - Surveys in Geophysics TI - Recent changes in land water storage and its contribution to sea level variations VL - 38 ID - 20774 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wade, Alisa A. AU - Hand, Brian K. AU - Kovach, Ryan P. AU - Luikart, Gordon AU - Whited, Diane C. AU - Muhlfeld, Clint C. DO - 10.1111/cobi.12764 IS - 1 KW - adaptive capacity bull trout CCVA Columbia River Basin Oncorhynchus mykiss Salvelinus confluentus steelhead trout uncertainty Capacidad adaptativa cuenca del Río Columbia evaluaciones de vulnerabilidad al cambio climático PY - 2017 SN - 1523-1739 SP - 136-149 ST - Accounting for adaptive capacity and uncertainty in assessments of species’ climate-change vulnerability T2 - Conservation Biology TI - Accounting for adaptive capacity and uncertainty in assessments of species’ climate-change vulnerability VL - 31 ID - 23467 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Wagner, Daniel AU - Polhemus, Daniel CY - Silver Spring, MD DA - 2016 NV - Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series ONMS-16-03 PB - NOAA, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries PY - 2016 SP - 89 ST - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation TI - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation UR - https://nmssanctuaries.blob.core.windows.net/sanctuaries-prod/media/archive/science/conservation/pdfs/pmnm-climate-change.pdf ID - 22534 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Electricity generated by hydro power is the most widely used form of renewable energy, and as such, its vulnerability to climate change is of great interest. The aim of this work is to estimate the change in river discharge characteristics in the Alpine region due to possible impacts of climate and the related changes in the power generation of run-of-river hydro power plants up to 2050. Four representative bias-corrected climate simulations from the ENSEMBLES project are chosen based on the SRES greenhouse gas emission scenario pathway A1B. Data of these simulations serve as input for a lumped-parameter rainfall-runoff model at a monthly time step, which is calibrated on discharge data of gauging stations along important rivers in the Alpine region. A power plant model fed with runoff data generated by the hydrological model is used to compute changes in the long-term average annual net electrical energy output of hydro power plants for the whole Alpine region; while the model for Austria is based on known technical parameters of the power plants, a more simplified approach is employed elsewhere. The general warming trend observed in all four climate scenarios causes to various degrees a seasonal shift towards earlier runoff. However, more diverse changes in precipitation for the different climate scenarios and time periods result in diverging hydrological projections. Although the annual runoff is found to decrease in some scenarios, the generally observed shift of runoff towards the winter season that typically shows higher energy consumption in the Alpine region suggests that the overall impact for the electricity sector tends to be positive rather than negative. Estimated changes in the average annual electricity generation of run-of-river plants are generally found to be within a single-digit percentage range but can be either positive or negative depending on the climate scenario. The estimated ranges reflect the diversity (uncertainty) of the climate models; the total bandwidth of possible changes in the water availability and hydro power generation in the Alpine region up to 2050 is assumed to be even higher, because of other uncertainties in the model chain that are not explicitly considered here. Nevertheless, as the general regional trends and bandwidth of changes in runoff and hydro power production strongly depend on the future changes in precipitation, the results of this work provide reasonable orders of magnitude of expected changes and are seen as a first step towards an improved understanding of climate impacts on hydro power production within the entire Alpine region. AU - Wagner, T. AU - Themeßl, M. AU - Schüppel, A. AU - Gobiet, A. AU - Stigler, H. AU - Birk, S. DA - December 19 DO - 10.1007/s12665-016-6318-6 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1866-6299 SP - 4 ST - Impacts of climate change on stream flow and hydro power generation in the Alpine region T2 - Environmental Earth Sciences TI - Impacts of climate change on stream flow and hydro power generation in the Alpine region VL - 76 ID - 25819 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wahl, Eugene R. AU - Smerdon, Jason E. DO - 10.1029/2012GL051086 IS - 6 KW - climate field reconstructions index reconstructions paleoclimate proxies reconstruction skill red noise predictors 1956 Numerical algorithms 1986 Statistical methods: Inferential 3333 Model calibration 3344 Paleoclimatology 4920 Dendrochronology PY - 2012 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L06703 ST - Comparative performance of paleoclimate field and index reconstructions derived from climate proxies and noise-only predictors T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Comparative performance of paleoclimate field and index reconstructions derived from climate proxies and noise-only predictors VL - 39 ID - 20271 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ocean acidification (OA) is generally assumed to negatively impact calcification rates of marine organisms. At a local scale however, biological activity of macrophytes may generate pH fluctuations with rates of change that are orders of magnitude larger than the long‐term trend predicted for the open ocean. These fluctuations may in turn impact benthic calcifiers in the vicinity. Combining laboratory, mesocosm and field studies, such interactions between OA, the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus, the sea grass Zostera marina and the blue mussel Mytilus edulis were investigated at spatial scales from decimetres to 100s of meters in the western Baltic. Macrophytes increased the overall mean pH of the habitat by up to 0.3 units relative to macrophyte‐free, but otherwise similar, habitats and imposed diurnal pH fluctuations with amplitudes ranging from 0.3 to more than 1 pH unit. These amplitudes and their impact on mussel calcification tended to increase with increasing macrophyte biomass to bulk water ratio. At the laboratory and mesocosm scales, biogenic pH fluctuations allowed mussels to maintain calcification even under acidified conditions by shifting most of their calcification activity into the daytime when biogenic fluctuations caused by macrophyte activity offered temporal refuge from OA stress. In natural habitats with a low biomass to water body ratio, the impact of biogenic pH fluctuations on mean calcification rates of M. edulis was less pronounced. Thus, in dense algae or seagrass habitats, macrophytes may mitigate OA impact on mussel calcification by raising mean pH and providing temporal refuge from acidification stress. AU - Wahl, M. AU - Schneider Covachã, S. AU - Saderne, V. AU - Hiebenthal, C. AU - Müller, J. D. AU - Pansch, C. AU - Sawall, Y. DO - 10.1002/lno.10608 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - 3-21 ST - Macroalgae may mitigate ocean acidification effects on mussel calcification by increasing pH and its fluctuations T2 - Limnology and Oceanography TI - Macroalgae may mitigate ocean acidification effects on mussel calcification by increasing pH and its fluctuations VL - 63 ID - 25669 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wahl, Thomas AU - Jain, Shaleen AU - Bender, Jens AU - Meyers, Steven D. AU - Luther, Mark E. DO - 10.1038/nclimate2736 IS - 12 M3 - Letter PY - 2015 SN - 1758-678X SP - 1093-1097 ST - Increasing risk of compound flooding from storm surge and rainfall for major US cities T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Increasing risk of compound flooding from storm surge and rainfall for major US cities VL - 5 ID - 21544 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wainwright, Thomas C. AU - Weitkamp, Laurie A. DA - 2013/08/01 DO - 10.3955/046.087.0305 IS - 3 PY - 2013 SN - 0029-344X SP - 219-242 ST - Effects of climate change on Oregon coast coho salmon: Habitat and life-cycle interactions T2 - Northwest Science TI - Effects of climate change on Oregon coast coho salmon: Habitat and life-cycle interactions VL - 87 Y2 - 2018/01/23 ID - 24618 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In winter 2013/14 there was widespread flooding in England. Previous studies have described an increased prevalence of psychological morbidity six months after flooding. Disruption to essential services may increase morbidity however there have been no studies examining whether those experiencing disruption but not directly flooded are affected. AU - Waite, Thomas David AU - Chaintarli, Katerina AU - Beck, Charles R. AU - Bone, Angie AU - Amlôt, Richard AU - Kovats, Sari AU - Reacher, Mark AU - Armstrong, Ben AU - Leonardi, Giovanni AU - Rubin, G. James AU - Oliver, Isabel DA - January 28 DO - 10.1186/s12889-016-4000-2 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1471-2458 SP - 129 ST - The English national cohort study of flooding and health: Cross-sectional analysis of mental health outcomes at year one T2 - BMC Public Health TI - The English national cohort study of flooding and health: Cross-sectional analysis of mental health outcomes at year one VL - 17 ID - 24086 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Waldbusser, George G. AU - Hales, Burke AU - Langdon, Chris J. AU - Haley, Brian A. AU - Schrader, Paul AU - Brunner, Elizabeth L. AU - Gray, Matthew W. AU - Miller, Cale A. AU - Gimenez, Iria DA - 12/15/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate2479 M3 - Article PY - 2014 SP - 273-280 ST - Saturation-state sensitivity of marine bivalve larvae to ocean acidification T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Saturation-state sensitivity of marine bivalve larvae to ocean acidification VL - 5 ID - 24819 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Waldbusser, George G. AU - Salisbury, Joseph E. DO - 10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172238 IS - 1 KW - carbonate chemistry,carbon dioxide,coastal-zone variability,organismal perspective,carbonate weather,carbonate climate PY - 2014 SP - 221-247 ST - Ocean acidification in the coastal zone from an organism's perspective: Multiple system parameters, frequency domains, and habitats T2 - Annual Review of Marine Science TI - Ocean acidification in the coastal zone from an organism's perspective: Multiple system parameters, frequency domains, and habitats VL - 6 ID - 20045 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Walker, B. H. AU - Gunderson, Lance H. AU - Kinzig, Ann P. AU - Folke, Carl AU - Carpenter, Steve R. AU - Schultz, Lisen IS - 1 PY - 2006 SP - 13 ST - A handful of heuristics and some propositions for understanding resilience in social-ecological systems T2 - Ecology and Society TI - A handful of heuristics and some propositions for understanding resilience in social-ecological systems UR - http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss1/art13/ VL - 11 ID - 26466 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Walker, Renee E. AU - Keane, Christopher R. AU - Burke, Jessica G. DO - 10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.04.013 KW - added by ERG PY - 2010 SP - 876-884 ST - Disparities and access to healthy food in the United States: A review of food deserts literature T2 - Health & Place TI - Disparities and access to healthy food in the United States: A review of food deserts literature VL - 16 ID - 22984 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wallace, Ryan B. AU - Baumann, Hannes AU - Grear, Jason S. AU - Aller, Robert C. AU - Gobler, Christopher J. DA - 2014/07/05/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.05.027 KW - acidification pH estuary hypoxia calcium carbonate saturation respiration PY - 2014 SN - 0272-7714 SP - 1-13 ST - Coastal ocean acidification: The other eutrophication problem T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science TI - Coastal ocean acidification: The other eutrophication problem VL - 148 ID - 26244 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Wallander, Steven AU - Aillery, Marcel AU - Hellerstein, Daniel AU - Hand, Michael S. CY - Washington, DC NV - Economic Research Report ERR-148 PB - USDA, Eonomic Research Service PY - 2013 SP - 68 ST - The Role of Conservation Programs in Drought Risk Adaptation TI - The Role of Conservation Programs in Drought Risk Adaptation UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=45067 ID - 23646 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Wallman, Brittany CY - Broward County, FL DA - February 24, 2017 PY - 2017 ST - South Florida continues prep for sea level rise T2 - Sun Sentinel TI - South Florida continues prep for sea level rise UR - http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/broward/broward-politics-blog/fl-reg-climate-change-sofla-20170221-story.html ID - 23974 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Nonmarket valuation research has produced economic value estimates for a variety of threatened, endangered, and rare species around the world. Although over 40 value estimates exist, it is often difficult to compare values from different studies due to variations in study design, implementation, and modeling specifications. We conducted a stated‐preference choice experiment to estimate the value of recovering or downlisting 8 threatened and endangered marine species in the United States: loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta), leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis), North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica), upper Willamette River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), Puget Sound Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi), and smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata). In May 2009, we surveyed a random sample of U.S. households. We collected data from 8476 households and estimated willingness to pay for recovering and downlisting the 8 species from these data. Respondents were willing to pay for recovering and downlisting threatened and endangered marine taxa. Willingness‐to‐pay values ranged from $40/household for recovering Puget Sound Chinook salmon to $73/household for recovering the North Pacific right whale. Statistical comparisons among willingness‐to‐pay values suggest that some taxa are more economically valuable than others, which suggests that the U.S. public's willingness to pay for recovery may vary by species. AU - Wallmo, Kristy AU - Lew, Daniel K. DO - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01899.x IS - 5 PY - 2012 SP - 830-839 ST - Public willingness to pay for recovering and downlisting threatened and endangered marine species T2 - Conservation Biology TI - Public willingness to pay for recovering and downlisting threatened and endangered marine species VL - 26 ID - 25668 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many studies have documented long-term changes in adult marine fish distributions and linked these changes to climate change and multi-decadal climate variability. Most marine fish, however, have complex life histories with morphologically distinct stages, which use different habitats. Shifts in distribution of one stage may affect the connectivity between life stages and thereby impact population processes including spawning and recruitment. Specifically, many marine fish species have a planktonic larval stage, which lasts from weeks to months. We compared the spatial distribution and seasonal occurrence of larval fish in the Northeast U.S. Shelf Ecosystem to test whether spatial and temporal distributions changed between two decades. Two large-scale ichthyoplankton programs sampled using similar methods and spatial domain each decade. Adult distributions from a long-term bottom trawl survey over the same time period and spatial area were also analyzed using the same analytical framework to compare changes in larval and adult distributions between the two decades. Changes in spatial distribution of larvae occurred for 43% of taxa, with shifts predominately northward (i.e., along-shelf). Timing of larval occurrence shifted for 49% of the larval taxa, with shifts evenly split between occurring earlier and later in the season. Where both larvae and adults of the same species were analyzed, 48% exhibited different shifts between larval and adult stages. Overall, these results demonstrate that larval fish distributions are changing in the ecosystem. The spatial changes are largely consistent with expectations from a changing climate. The temporal changes are more complex, indicating we need a better understanding of reproductive timing of fishes in the ecosystem. These changes may impact population productivity through changes in life history connectivity and recruitment, and add to the accumulating evidence for changes in the Northeast U.S. Shelf Ecosystem with potential to impact fisheries and other ecosystem services. AU - Walsh, Harvey J. AU - Richardson, David E. AU - Marancik, Katrin E. AU - Hare, Jonathan A. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0137382 IS - 9 PY - 2015 SP - e0137382 ST - Long-term changes in the distributions of larval and adult fish in the northeast U.S. shelf ecosystem T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Long-term changes in the distributions of larval and adult fish in the northeast U.S. shelf ecosystem VL - 10 ID - 21699 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Richmond, T.C. A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Walsh, John AU - Wuebbles, Donald AU - Hayhoe, Katharine AU - Kossin, James AU - Kunkel, Kenneth AU - Stephens, Graeme AU - Thorne, Peter AU - Vose, Russell AU - Wehner, Michael AU - Willis, Josh AU - Anderson, David AU - Doney, Scott AU - Feely, Richard AU - Hennon, Paula AU - Kharin, Viatcheslav AU - Knutson, Thomas AU - Landerer, Felix AU - Lenton, Tim AU - Kennedy, John AU - Somerville, Richard C4 - a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0KW5CXT PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 RN - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report#section-1946 SP - 19-67 ST - Ch. 2: Our changing climate T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Ch. 2: Our changing climate ID - 8646 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Melillo, Jerry M. A2 - Terese (T.C.) Richmond A2 - Yohe, Gary W. AU - Walsh, John AU - Wuebbles, Donald AU - Hayhoe, Katharine AU - Kossin, James AU - Kunkel, Kenneth AU - Stephens, Graeme AU - Thorne, Peter AU - Vose, Russell AU - Wehner, Michael AU - Willis, Josh AU - Anderson, David AU - Kharin, Viatcheslav AU - Knutson, Thomas AU - Landerer, Felix AU - Lenton, Tim AU - Kennedy, John AU - Somerville, Richard C4 - ee2ad491-9e02-4f29-859a-07970e4d1de1 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0G15XS3 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2014 RN - http://nca2014.globalchange.gov SP - 790-820 ST - Appendix 4: Frequently asked questions T2 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment TI - Appendix 4: Frequently asked questions ID - 8642 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Walsh, John E. AU - Bhatt, Uma S. AU - Littell, Jeremy S. AU - Leonawicz, Matthew AU - Lindgren, Michael AU - Kurkowski, Thomas A. AU - Bieniek, Peter AU - Thoman, Richard AU - Gray, Stephen AU - Rupp, T. Scott DO - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.03.021 PY - 2018 ST - Downscaling of climate model output for Alaskan stakeholders T2 - Environmental Modeling and Software TI - Downscaling of climate model output for Alaskan stakeholders ID - 22324 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Walsh, John E. AU - Bieniek, Peter A. AU - Brettschneider, Brian AU - Euskirchen, Eugénie S. AU - Lader, Rick AU - Thoman, Richard L. DA - 2017/03/01 DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0473.1 IS - 6 PY - 2017 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 2069-2088 ST - The exceptionally warm winter of 2015/16 in Alaska T2 - Journal of Climate TI - The exceptionally warm winter of 2015/16 in Alaska VL - 30 Y2 - 2017/06/11 ID - 22325 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Walsh, J.E. AU - Chapman, W.L. AU - Romanovsky, V.E. AU - Christensen, J.H. AU - Stendel, M. C6 - NCA DA - 30 April 2008 DO - 10.1175/2008JCLI2163.1 IS - 23 PY - 2008 SP - 6156-6174 ST - Global climate model performance over Alaska and Greenland T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Global climate model performance over Alaska and Greenland VL - 21 ID - 15858 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Walsh, John E. AU - Thoman, Richard L. AU - Bhatt, Uma S. AU - Bieniek, Peter A. AU - Brettschneider, Brian AU - Brubaker, Michael AU - Danielson, Seth AU - Lader, Rick AU - Fetterer, Florence AU - Holderied, Kris AU - Iken, Katrin AU - Mahoney, Andy AU - McCammon, Molly AU - Partain, James DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0105.1 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - S39-S43 ST - The high latitude marine heat wave of 2016 and its impacts on Alaska T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - The high latitude marine heat wave of 2016 and its impacts on Alaska VL - 99 ID - 22326 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While a quantitative climate theory of tropical cyclone formation remains elusive, considerable progress has been made recently in our ability to simulate tropical cyclone climatologies and to understand the relationship between climate and tropical cyclone formation. Climate models are now able to simulate a realistic rate of global tropical cyclone formation, although simulation of the Atlantic tropical cyclone climatology remains challenging unless horizontal resolutions finer than 50 km are employed. This article summarizes published research from the idealized experiments of the Hurricane Working Group of U.S. Climate and Ocean: Variability, Predictability and Change (CLIVAR). This work, combined with results from other model simulations, has strengthened relationships between tropical cyclone formation rates and climate variables such as midtropospheric vertical velocity, with decreased climatological vertical velocities leading to decreased tropical cyclone formation. Systematic differences are shown between experiments in which only sea surface temperature is increased compared with experiments where only atmospheric carbon dioxide is increased. Experiments where only carbon dioxide is increased are more likely to demonstrate a decrease in tropical cyclone numbers, similar to the decreases simulated by many climate models for a future, warmer climate. Experiments where the two effects are combined also show decreases in numbers, but these tend to be less for models that demonstrate a strong tropical cyclone response to increased sea surface temperatures. Further experiments are proposed that may improve our understanding of the relationship between climate and tropical cyclone formation, including experiments with two-way interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere and variations in atmospheric aerosols. AU - Walsh, Kevin J. E. AU - Camargo, Suzana J. AU - Vecchi, Gabriel A. AU - Daloz, Anne Sophie AU - Elsner, James AU - Emanuel, Kerry AU - Horn, Michael AU - Lim, Young-Kwon AU - Roberts, Malcolm AU - Patricola, Christina AU - Scoccimarro, Enrico AU - Sobel, Adam H. AU - Strazzo, Sarah AU - Villarini, Gabriele AU - Wehner, Michael AU - Zhao, Ming AU - Kossin, James P. AU - LaRow, Tim AU - Oouchi, Kazuyoshi AU - Schubert, Siegfried AU - Wang, Hui AU - Bacmeister, Julio AU - Chang, Ping AU - Chauvin, Fabrice AU - Jablonowski, Christiane AU - Kumar, Arun AU - Murakami, Hiroyuki AU - Ose, Tomoaki AU - Reed, Kevin A. AU - Saravanan, Ramalingam AU - Yamada, Yohei AU - Zarzycki, Colin M. AU - Vidale, Pier Luigi AU - Jonas, Jeffrey A. AU - Henderson, Naomi DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00242.1 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SP - 997-1017 ST - Hurricanes and climate: The U.S. CLIVAR Working Group on Hurricanes T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Hurricanes and climate: The U.S. CLIVAR Working Group on Hurricanes VL - 96 (12) ID - 19768 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Walsh, Kevin J. E. AU - McBride, John L. AU - Klotzbach, Philip J. AU - Balachandran, Sethurathinam AU - Camargo, Suzana J. AU - Holland, Greg AU - Knutson, Thomas R. AU - Kossin, James P. AU - Lee, Tsz-cheung AU - Sobel, Adam AU - Sugi, Masato DO - 10.1002/wcc.371 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 1757-7799 SP - 65-89 ST - Tropical cyclones and climate change T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change TI - Tropical cyclones and climate change VL - 7 ID - 19583 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Walter, Julia AU - Jentsch, Anke AU - Beierkuhnlein, Carl AU - Kreyling, Juergen DA - 2013/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.02.009 KW - Global warming Ecophysiology Ecological memory Extreme events Heat stress Frost stress Drought stress PY - 2013 SN - 0098-8472 SP - 3-8 ST - Ecological stress memory and cross stress tolerance in plants in the face of climate extremes T2 - Environmental and Experimental Botany TI - Ecological stress memory and cross stress tolerance in plants in the face of climate extremes VL - 94 ID - 21943 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Amphidromous fishes are important members of oceanic island freshwater communities. Although often depauperate, amphidromous fish assemblages on islands are largely composed of endemic species. Little is known about the effects of anthropogenic AU - Walter, R. P. AU - Hogan, J. D. AU - Blum, M. J. AU - Gagne, R. B. AU - Hain, E. F. AU - Gilliam, J. F. AU - McIntyre, P. B. DA - 2012 DO - 10.3354/esr00404 PY - 2012 SN - 1613-4796 SP - 261-272 ST - Climate change and conservation of endemic amphidromous fishes in Hawaiian streams T2 - Endangered Species Research TI - Climate change and conservation of endemic amphidromous fishes in Hawaiian streams VL - 16 ID - 22535 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Walthall, C. AU - Backlund, P. AU - Hatfield, J. AU - Lengnick, L. AU - Marshall, E. AU - Walsh, M. AU - Adkins, S. AU - Aillery, M. AU - Ainsworth, E.A. AU - Amman, C. AU - Anderson, C.J. AU - Bartomeus, I. AU - Baumgard, L.H. AU - Booker, F. AU - Bradley, B. AU - Blumenthal, D.M. AU - Bunce, J. AU - Burkey, K. AU - Dabney, S.M. AU - Delgado, J.A. AU - Dukes, J. AU - Funk, A. AU - Garrett, K. AU - Glenn, M. AU - Grantz, D.A. AU - Goodrich, D. AU - Hu, S. AU - Izaurralde, R.C. AU - Jones, R.A.C. AU - Kim, S-H. AU - Leaky, A.D.B. AU - Lewers, K. AU - Mader, T.L. AU - McClung, A. AU - Morgan, J. AU - Muth, D.J. AU - Nearing, M. AU - Oosterhuis, D.M. AU - Ort, D. AU - Parmesan, C. AU - Pettigrew, W.T. AU - Polley, W. AU - Rader, R. AU - Rice, C. AU - Rivington, M. AU - Rosskopf, E. AU - Salas, W.A. AU - Sollenberger, L.E. AU - Srygley, R. AU - Stöckle, C. AU - Takle, E.S. AU - Timlin, D. AU - White, J.W. AU - Winfree, R. AU - Wright-Morton, L. AU - Ziska, L.H. C6 - NCA CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture PY - 2012 SN - USDA Technical Bulletin 1935 SP - 186 ST - Climate Change and Agriculture in the United States: Effects and Adaptation TI - Climate Change and Agriculture in the United States: Effects and Adaptation UR - http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/effects_2012/CC%20and%20Agriculture%20Report%20(02-04-2013)b.pdf ID - 15861 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Walther, Gian-Reto AU - Post, Eric AU - Convey, Peter AU - Menzel, Annette AU - Parmesan, Camille AU - Beebee, Trevor J. C. AU - Fromentin, Jean-Marc AU - Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove AU - Bairlein, Franz DA - 03/28/online DO - 10.1038/416389a M3 - Review Article PY - 2002 SP - 389-395 ST - Ecological responses to recent climate change T2 - Nature TI - Ecological responses to recent climate change VL - 416 ID - 23468 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although the elderly are commonly thought to be disproportionately vulnerable to natural hazards, the elderly populations of coastal communities are continuing to grow. Because there is little to no empirical hazards work specifically addressing the vulnerable elderly in coastal communities, this paper uses Sarasota County, Florida, as a case study to analyze how vulnerable the elderly are to hurricane hazards and whether all elderly people are equally vulnerable. To explore the spatial variations in degree and composition of vulnerability among this population, the analysis maps physical exposure to hurricane storm-surge inundation and precipitation-induced flooding and creates social vulnerability indices by applying principal components analysis to census block group data in a geographic information system. The results show that elderly inhabitants of barrier islands face a considerable physical threat from hurricane-induced storm surge and flooding but are less socially vulnerable because of their wealth; the elderly living inland are far less physically vulnerable but are poorer and consequently demonstrate high socioeconomic sensitivity and limited adaptive capacity to these hurricane hazards. The paper concludes that the elderly are not equally vulnerable: there are many different types of elderly living in many different locations, and their vulnerability varies by type and over space. Effective vulnerability reduction measures should account for these differences between the elderly populations. AU - Wang, Chongming AU - Yarnal, Brent DA - September 01 DO - 10.1007/s11069-012-0151-3 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1573-0840 SP - 349-373 ST - The vulnerability of the elderly to hurricane hazards in Sarasota, Florida T2 - Natural Hazards TI - The vulnerability of the elderly to hurricane hazards in Sarasota, Florida VL - 63 ID - 23973 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, Daiwei AU - Gouhier, Tarik C. AU - Menge, Bruce A. AU - Ganguly, Auroop R. DA - 02/19/print DO - 10.1038/nature14235 IS - 7539 M3 - Letter PY - 2015 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 390-394 ST - Intensification and spatial homogenization of coastal upwelling under climate change T2 - Nature TI - Intensification and spatial homogenization of coastal upwelling under climate change VL - 518 ID - 20047 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, Guiling AU - Wang, Dagang AU - Trenberth, Kevin E. AU - Erfanian, Amir AU - Yu, Miao AU - Bosilovich, Michael G AU - Parr, Dana T. DA - 03/06/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate3239 PY - 2017 SP - 268-274 ST - The peak structure and future changes of the relationships between extreme precipitation and temperature T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - The peak structure and future changes of the relationships between extreme precipitation and temperature VL - 7 ID - 23972 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, J. AU - Bai, X. AU - Hu, H. AU - Clites, A. AU - Colton, M. AU - Lofgren, B. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/2011JCLI4066.1 PY - 2012 SN - 1520-0442 SP - 1318-1329 ST - Temporal and spatial variability of Great Lakes ice cover, 1973-2010 T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Temporal and spatial variability of Great Lakes ice cover, 1973-2010 VL - 25 ID - 15863 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, Muyin AU - Overland, James E. DO - 10.1029/2012GL052868 IS - 18 KW - Arctic CMIP5 climate projections sea ice 0750 Sea ice 1616 Climate variability 1621 Cryospheric change 1626 Global climate models 9315 Arctic region PY - 2012 SN - 1944-8007 SP - L18501 ST - A sea ice free summer Arctic within 30 years: An update from CMIP5 models T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - A sea ice free summer Arctic within 30 years: An update from CMIP5 models VL - 39 ID - 21032 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, Pu AU - Poe, Gregory L. AU - Wolf, Steven A. DA - 2017/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.10.009 KW - Willingness to pay Willingness to accept Transaction cost Market-based policy instrument Inequality Poverty alleviation PY - 2017 SN - 0921-8009 SP - 63-68 ST - Payments for ecosystem services and wealth distribution T2 - Ecological Economics TI - Payments for ecosystem services and wealth distribution VL - 132 ID - 21624 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, S. Y. AU - Hipps, Lawrence AU - Gillies, Robert R. AU - Yoon, Jin-Ho DO - 10.1002/2014GL059748 IS - 9 KW - California drought ENSO precursor teleconnection anthropogenic warming 0429 Climate dynamics 1616 Climate variability 4522 ENSO PY - 2014 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 3220-3226 ST - Probable causes of the abnormal ridge accompanying the 2013–2014 California drought: ENSO precursor and anthropogenic warming footprint T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Probable causes of the abnormal ridge accompanying the 2013–2014 California drought: ENSO precursor and anthropogenic warming footprint VL - 41 ID - 19793 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The durability of concrete is determined largely by its deterioration over time which is affected by the environment. Climate change may alter this environment, causing an acceleration of deterioration processes that will affect the safety and serviceability of concrete infrastructure in Australia, U.S., Europe, China and elsewhere. This investigation of concrete deterioration under changing climate in Australia uses Monte-Carlo simulation of results from General Circulation Models (GCMs) and considers high greenhouse gas emission scenarios representing the A1FI schemes of the IPCC. We present the implications of climate change for the durability of concrete structures, in terms of changes in probability of reinforcement corrosion initiation and corrosion induced damage at a given calendar year between 2000 and 2100 across Australia. Since the main driver to increased concrete deterioration is CO2 concentration and temperature, then increases in damage risks observed in Australia are likely to be observed in other concrete infrastructure internationally. The impact of climate change on the deterioration cannot be ignored, but can be addressed by new approaches in design. Existing concrete structures, for which design has not considered the effects of changing climate may deteriorate more rapidly than originally planned. AU - Wang, Xiaoming AU - Stewart, Mark G. AU - Nguyen, Minh DA - February 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0124-7 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 941-957 ST - Impact of climate change on corrosion and damage to concrete infrastructure in Australia T2 - Climatic Change TI - Impact of climate change on corrosion and damage to concrete infrastructure in Australia VL - 110 ID - 26040 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An objective cyclone tracking algorithm is applied to twentieth century reanalysis (20CR) 6-hourly mean sea level pressure fields for the period 1871–2010 to infer historical trends and variability in extra-tropical cyclone activity. The tracking algorithm is applied both to the ensemble-mean analyses and to each of the 56 ensemble members individually. The ensemble-mean analyses are found to be unsuitable for accurately determining cyclone statistics. However, pooled cyclone statistics obtained by averaging statistics from individual members generally agree well with statistics from the NCEP-NCAR reanalyses for 1951–2010, although 20CR shows somewhat weaker cyclone activity over land and stronger activity over oceans. Both reanalyses show similar cyclone trend patterns in the northern hemisphere (NH) over 1951–2010. Homogenized pooled cyclone statistics are analyzed for trends and variability. Conclusions account for identified inhomogeneities, which occurred before 1949 in the NH and between 1951 and 1985 in the southern hemisphere (SH). Cyclone activity is estimated to have increased slightly over the period 1871–2010 in the NH. More substantial increases are seen in the SH. Notable regional and seasonal variations in trends are evident, as is profound decadal or longer scale variability. For example, the NH increases occur mainly in the mid-latitude Pacific and high-latitude Atlantic regions. For the North Atlantic-European region and southeast Australia, the 20CR cyclone trends are in agreement with trends in geostrophic wind extremes derived from in-situ surface pressure observations. European trends are also consistent with trends in the mean duration of wet spells derived from rain gauge data in Europe. AU - Wang, X.L. AU - Feng, Y. AU - Compo, G.P. AU - Swail, V.R. AU - Zwiers, F.W. AU - Allan, R.J. AU - Sardeshmukh, P.D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s00382-012-1450-9 IS - 11-12 KW - Reanalysis data; Extra-tropical cyclones; Cyclone tracking; Data homogeneity tests; Data homogenization; Trends and low frequency variability PY - 2012 SN - 0930-7575 SP - 2775-2800 ST - Trends and low frequency variability of extra-tropical cyclone activity in the ensemble of twentieth century reanalysis T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Trends and low frequency variability of extra-tropical cyclone activity in the ensemble of twentieth century reanalysis VL - 40 ID - 15871 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat stroke is a serious heat-related illness, especially among older adults. However, little is known regarding the spatiotemporal variation of heat stroke admissions during heat waves and what factors modify the adverse effects. AU - Wang, Yan AU - Bobb, Jennifer F. AU - Papi, Bianca AU - Wang, Yun AU - Kosheleva, Anna AU - Di, Qian AU - Schwartz, Joel D. AU - Dominici, Francesca DA - August 08 DO - 10.1186/s12940-016-0167-3 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2016 SN - 1476-069X SP - 83 ST - Heat stroke admissions during heat waves in 1,916 US counties for the period from 1999 to 2010 and their effect modifiers T2 - Environmental Health TI - Heat stroke admissions during heat waves in 1,916 US counties for the period from 1999 to 2010 and their effect modifiers VL - 15 ID - 24095 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, Zhaohui Aleck AU - Wanninkhof, Rik AU - Cai, Wei-Jun AU - Byrne, Robert H. AU - Hu, Xinping AU - Peng, Tsung-Hung AU - Huang, Wei-Jen DO - 10.4319/lo.2013.58.1.0325 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SN - 1939-5590 SP - 325-342 ST - The marine inorganic carbon system along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of the United States: Insights from a transregional coastal carbon study T2 - Limnology and Oceanography TI - The marine inorganic carbon system along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of the United States: Insights from a transregional coastal carbon study VL - 58 ID - 21698 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change challenges marine species with seawater that is warmer, with less oxygen and lower pH. To date, most climate‐change studies have focused on organisms' acclimation or shifts in distribution; relatively little is known about the capacity of marine species to respond through evolution. We propose that important insights can be gained from recent studies of fishery‐induced evolution (FIE), which show that increased adult mortality from fishing leads to rapid changes in growth and reproduction schedules. These changes consistently involve evolution of “faster” life histories: earlier maturation at smaller sizes and shorter life spans. In the ocean, coupled effects of higher temperatures and reduced oxygen also differentially affect larger or older individuals, so expected evolutionary consequences of climate change are qualitatively similar to those of FIE. This general pattern will apply to large numbers of marine species and has important implications for conservation and management. AU - Waples, Robin S AU - Audzijonyte, Asta DO - 10.1002/fee.1264 IS - 4 PY - 2016 SP - 217-224 ST - Fishery‐induced evolution provides insights into adaptive responses of marine species to climate change T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Fishery‐induced evolution provides insights into adaptive responses of marine species to climate change VL - 14 ID - 25667 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ward, Frank A. DA - 2014/01/16/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.024 KW - Irrigation Drought adaptation Salinity River basin Water conservation programs PY - 2014 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 114-127 ST - Economic impacts on irrigated agriculture of water conservation programs in drought T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Economic impacts on irrigated agriculture of water conservation programs in drought VL - 508 ID - 23880 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ward, Frank A. AU - Crawford, Terry L. DA - 2016/09/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.057 KW - Food security Climate Irrigation Institutions Policy PY - 2016 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 757-773 ST - Economic performance of irrigation capacity development to adapt to climate in the American Southwest T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Economic performance of irrigation capacity development to adapt to climate in the American Southwest VL - 540 ID - 23881 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An analysis procedure is developed to explore the robustness and overall productivity of reservoir management under plausible assumptions about climate fluctuation and change. Results are presented based on a stylized version of a multi-use reservoir management model adapted from Angat Dam, Philippines. Analysis focuses on October-March, during which climatological inflow declines as the dry season arrives, and reservoir management becomes critical and challenging. Inflow is assumed to be impacted by climate fluctuations representing interannual variation (white noise), decadal to multidecadal variability (MDV, here represented by a stochastic autoregressive process) and global change (GC), here represented by a systematic linear trend in seasonal inflow total over the simulation period of 2008–2047. Stochastic (Monte Carlo) simulations are undertaken to explore reservoir performance. In this way, reservoir reliability and risk of extreme persistent water deficit are assessed in the presence of different combinations and magnitudes of GC and MDV. The effectiveness of dynamic management is then explored as a possible climate change adaptation practice, focusing on reservoir performance in the presence of a 20 % downward inflow trend. In these dynamic management experiments, the October-March water allocation each year is adjusted based on seasonal forecasts and updated climate normals. The results illustrate how, in the near-term, MDV can be as significant as GC in impact for this kind of climate-related problem. The results also illustrate how dynamic management can mitigate the impacts. Overall, this type of analysis can deliver guidance on the expected benefits and risks of different management strategies and climate scenarios. AU - Ward, M. Neil AU - Brown, Casey M. AU - Baroang, Kye M. AU - Kaheil, Yasir H. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-012-0616-0 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2013 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 307-320 ST - Reservoir performance and dynamic management under plausible assumptions of future climate over seasons to decades T2 - Climatic Change TI - Reservoir performance and dynamic management under plausible assumptions of future climate over seasons to decades VL - 118 ID - 21545 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The premise that mature lodgepole pine forests are susceptible to mountain pine beetle attack when physiologically stressed was supported experimentally by manipulating the canopy density and availability of nitrogen in a 120—yr—old forest exposed to a high population of beetles. Where canopy density was reduced, ether by us or by the insects, surviving trees significantly increased their resistance to attack over a 3—yr period. Increased resistance was reflected by changes in wood production per unit of leaf area (tree growth efficiency). Improved nitrogen nutrition hastened tree recovery but did not prevent attacks by beetles until growth efficiencies exceeded 100 g of wood production per square metre of foliage. Growth efficiency, as here defined, is an index of vigor that may reflect the relative ability of susceptible trees to produce defensive compounds following attack. AU - Waring, R. H. AU - Pitman, G. B. DO - 10.2307/1940551 IS - 3 PY - 1985 SP - 889-897 ST - Modifying lodgepole pine stands to change susceptibility to mountain pine beetle attack T2 - Ecology TI - Modifying lodgepole pine stands to change susceptibility to mountain pine beetle attack VL - 66 ID - 25182 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Up to present, research relating environmental change to human mobility has found out that environmental factors can play a role in migration without being conclusive. Further, in the context of climate change, scholarly literature on migration ranges across a host of climatic stressors and geographies, making it difficult to date to solve the debate whether migration is a form of adaptation or an indicator of limits to adaptation. To address both of these debates, original research was undertaken to answer the question ?under what circumstances do households (HHs) use migration as a risk management strategy when facing rainfall variability and food insecurity??. This research administered a HH survey (n?=?1300) and participatory research (n?=?2000 respondents) in districts in eight countries (Guatemala, Peru, Ghana, Tanzania, Bangladesh, India, Thailand, and Vietnam). The findings reveal that the answer to how climatic stressors affect migration decisions and the degree to which migration improves the adaptive capacity of those HHs lie in the vulnerability of the HH and its sensitivity to climatic factors. The data reveal for the first time in a comparable global study distinct HH profiles of ?resilience? and ?vulnerability?. At the same time, the article distinguishes between ?content? migration ? rather associated with resilient HHs ? and ?erosive? migration ? rather associated with vulnerable HHs. However, the article also highlights that there are not always clear cuts but very often grey areas and overlaps among the HHs of the study when applying these typologies. Moreover, the article relates these profiles to an agent-based modelling approach applied in the Tanzania case to explore under what scenarios rainfall variability and food security have the potential to become significant drivers of human mobility in particular regions of the world in the next two to three decades. AU - Warner, Koko AU - Afifi, Tamer DA - 2014/01/02/ DO - 10.1080/17565529.2013.835707 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SN - 1756-5529 SP - 1-17 ST - Where the rain falls: Evidence from 8 countries on how vulnerable households use migration to manage the risk of rainfall variability and food insecurity T2 - Climate and Development TI - Where the rain falls: Evidence from 8 countries on how vulnerable households use migration to manage the risk of rainfall variability and food insecurity VL - 6 ID - 22536 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Warner, Koko AU - Ehrhart, Charles AU - de Sherbinin, Alex AU - Adamo, Susana AU - Chai-Onn, Tricia CY - New York, NY DA - 2009 PB - Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere, Inc. (CARE) PY - 2009 SP - 26 ST - In Search of Shelter: Mapping the Effects of Climate Change on Human Migration and Displacement TI - In Search of Shelter: Mapping the Effects of Climate Change on Human Migration and Displacement UR - http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/documents/clim-migr-report-june09_media.pdf ID - 22537 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Loss and damage is already a significant consequence of inadequate ability to adapt to changes in climate patterns. This paper reports on the first ever multi-country, evidence-based study on loss and damage from the perspective of affected people in least developed and other vulnerable countries. Researchers in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, the Gambia, Kenya, Micronesia, Mozambique and Nepal conducted household surveys (n=3,269) and more than a hundred focus group discussions and open interviews about loss and damage. The research reveals four loss and damage pathways. Residual impacts of climate stressors occur when: 1) existing coping/adaptation to biophysical impact is not enough; 2) measures have costs (including non-economic) that cannot be regained; 3) despite short-term merits, measures have negative effects in the longer term; or 4) no measures are adopted – or possible – at all. AU - Warner, Koko AU - van der Geest, Kees DA - 2013/01/01/ DO - 10.1504/IJGW.2013.057289 DP - inderscienceonline.com (Atypon) IS - 4 PY - 2013 SN - 1758-2083 SP - 367-386 ST - Loss and damage from climate change: Local-level evidence from nine vulnerable countries T2 - International Journal of Global Warming TI - Loss and damage from climate change: Local-level evidence from nine vulnerable countries VL - 5 Y2 - 2017/09/26/08:18:12 ID - 22538 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Most extreme precipitation events that occur along the North American west coast are associated with winter atmospheric river (AR) events. Global climate models have sufficient resolution to simulate synoptic features associated with AR events, such as high values of vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) approaching the coast. From phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), 10 simulations are used to identify changes in ARs impacting the west coast of North America between historical (1970–99) and end-of-century (2070–99) runs, using representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. The most extreme ARs are identified in both time periods by the 99th percentile of IVT days along a north–south transect offshore of the coast. Integrated water vapor (IWV) and IVT are predicted to increase, while lower-tropospheric winds change little. Winter mean precipitation along the west coast increases by 11%–18% [from 4% to 6% (°C)−1], while precipitation on extreme IVT days increases by 15%–39% [from 5% to 19% (°C)−1]. The frequency of IVT days above the historical 99th percentile threshold increases as much as 290% by the end of this century. AU - Warner, Michael D. AU - Mass, Clifford F. AU - Salathé Jr., Eric P. DO - 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0080.1 IS - 1 KW - North America,North Pacific Ocean,Extreme events,Flood events,Precipitation,Climate change PY - 2015 SP - 118-128 ST - Changes in winter atmospheric rivers along the North American West Coast in CMIP5 climate models T2 - Journal of Hydrometeorology TI - Changes in winter atmospheric rivers along the North American West Coast in CMIP5 climate models VL - 16 ID - 19769 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Warren, F.J. AU - Lemmen, D.S. CY - Ottawa, ON PB - Government of Canada PY - 2014 SP - 286 ST - Canada in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on Impacts and Adaptation TI - Canada in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on Impacts and Adaptation UR - http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/environment/resources/publications/impacts-adaptation/reports/assessments/2014/16309 ID - 25857 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Warren, R. AU - VanDerWal, J. AU - Price, J. AU - Welbergen, J. A. AU - Atkinson, I. AU - Ramirez-Villegas, J. AU - Osborn, T. J. AU - Jarvis, A. AU - Shoo, L. P. AU - Williams, S. E. AU - Lowe, J. DA - 05/12/online DO - 10.1038/nclimate1887 PY - 2013 SP - 678-682 ST - Quantifying the benefit of early climate change mitigation in avoiding biodiversity loss T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Quantifying the benefit of early climate change mitigation in avoiding biodiversity loss VL - 3 ID - 24460 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Warziniack, Travis AU - Thompson, Matthew IS - 2 PY - 2013 SP - 19-28 ST - Wildfire risk and optimal investments in watershed protection T2 - Western Economics Forum TI - Wildfire risk and optimal investments in watershed protection UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/45753 VL - 12 ID - 23175 ER - TY - LEGAL AU - Washington State Legislature CY - Olympia, WA PY - 2008 SE - WAC 296-62-095 TI - Outdoor Heat Exposure UR - http://apps.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=296-62-095 ID - 26532 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Watershed Science and Engineering CY - Ellensburg, WA PB - Kittitas County Flood Control Zone District PY - 2015 ST - Corridor Plan—Yakima River, Jeffries Levee to Yakima Canyon, Habitat Enhancement and Flood Risk Management Plan TI - Corridor Plan—Yakima River, Jeffries Levee to Yakima Canyon, Habitat Enhancement and Flood Risk Management Plan UR - https://www.co.kittitas.wa.us/uploads/documents/public-works/flood/Yakima-River-Corridor-Plan.pdf ID - 26506 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Watkiss, Paul NV - Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy Working Paper No. 231 and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment Working Paper No. 205 PB - Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP) and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment PY - 2015 SP - 41 ST - A Review of the Economics of Adaptation and Climate-Resilient Development TI - A Review of the Economics of Adaptation and Climate-Resilient Development UR - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Working-Paper-205-Watkiss.pdf ID - 24528 ER - TY - ANCIENT AU - Watkiss, Paul CY - Bath, UK NV - ECONADAPT Policy Report 1 PB - ECONADAPT Consortium PY - 2015 SP - 54 ST - Costs and Benefits of Adaptation: Results from the ECONADAPT Project TI - Costs and Benefits of Adaptation: Results from the ECONADAPT Project UR - https://www.ecologic.eu/12427 ID - 25891 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Watson, Alison AU - Gaspard, Albane AU - Lebreton, Amandine CY - Nairobi, Kenya KW - urban climate change Vulnerability health cultural PB - United Nations Environment Programme PY - 2016 SN - FNH-IUFN-UNEP Policy Perspectives Paper SP - 20 ST - Food, Climate Change, and the City TI - Food, Climate Change, and the City UR - http://www.iufn.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/CCUF_Policy-Perspectives-Paper_VERSION_GB-2.pdf ID - 22863 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand 1 . This slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. Here, we present a method called ‘speed breeding’, which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programmes. Speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generations per year for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pea (Pisum sativum), and 4 generations for canola (Brassica napus), instead of 2–3 under normal glasshouse conditions. We demonstrate that speed breeding in fully enclosed, controlled-environment growth chambers can accelerate plant development for research purposes, including phenotyping of adult plant traits, mutant studies and transformation. The use of supplemental lighting in a glasshouse environment allows rapid generation cycling through single seed descent (SSD) and potential for adaptation to larger-scale crop improvement programs. Cost saving through light-emitting diode (LED) supplemental lighting is also outlined. We envisage great potential for integrating speed breeding with other modern crop breeding technologies, including high-throughput genotyping, genome editing and genomic selection, accelerating the rate of crop improvement. AU - Watson, Amy AU - Ghosh, Sreya AU - Williams, Matthew J. AU - Cuddy, William S. AU - Simmonds, James AU - Rey, María-Dolores AU - Asyraf Md Hatta, M. AU - Hinchliffe, Alison AU - Steed, Andrew AU - Reynolds, Daniel AU - Adamski, Nikolai M. AU - Breakspear, Andy AU - Korolev, Andrey AU - Rayner, Tracey AU - Dixon, Laura E. AU - Riaz, Adnan AU - Martin, William AU - Ryan, Merrill AU - Edwards, David AU - Batley, Jacqueline AU - Raman, Harsh AU - Carter, Jeremy AU - Rogers, Christian AU - Domoney, Claire AU - Moore, Graham AU - Harwood, Wendy AU - Nicholson, Paul AU - Dieters, Mark J. AU - DeLacy, Ian H. AU - Zhou, Ji AU - Uauy, Cristobal AU - Boden, Scott A. AU - Park, Robert F. AU - Wulff, Brande B. H. AU - Hickey, Lee T. DA - 2018/01/01 DO - 10.1038/s41477-017-0083-8 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - 2055-0278 SP - 23-29 ST - Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding T2 - Nature Plants TI - Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding VL - 4 ID - 25533 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Watson, E. B. AU - Szura, K. AU - Wigand, C. AU - Raposa, K. B. AU - Blount, K. AU - Cencer, M. DA - 2016/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.02.011 KW - Climate change Marsh die-back Storms Precipitation Marsh organ Thin layer deposition TLD Saltmarsh sparrow PY - 2016 SN - 0006-3207 SP - 173-181 ST - Sea level rise, drought and the decline of Spartina patens in New England marshes T2 - Biological Conservation TI - Sea level rise, drought and the decline of Spartina patens in New England marshes VL - 196 ID - 26245 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tidal salt marsh is a key defense against, yet is especially vulnerable to, the effects of accelerated sea level rise. To determine whether salt marshes in southern New England will be stable given increasing inundation over the coming decades, we examined current loss patterns, inundation-productivity feedbacks, and sustaining processes. A multi-decadal analysis of salt marsh aerial extent using historic imagery and maps revealed that salt marsh vegetation loss is both widespread and accelerating, with vegetation loss rates over the past four decades summing to 17.3 %. Landward retreat of the marsh edge, widening and headward expansion of tidal channel networks, loss of marsh islands, and the development and enlargement of interior depressions found on the marsh platform contributed to vegetation loss. Inundation due to sea level rise is strongly suggested as a primary driver: vegetation loss rates were significantly negatively correlated with marsh elevation (r2 = 0.96; p = 0.0038), with marshes situated below mean high water (MHW) experiencing greater declines than marshes sitting well above MHW. Growth experiments with Spartina alterniflora, the Atlantic salt marsh ecosystem dominant, across a range of elevations and inundation regimes further established that greater inundation decreases belowground biomass production of S. alterniflora and, thus, negatively impacts organic matter accumulation. These results suggest that southern New England salt marshes are already experiencing deterioration and fragmentation in response to sea level rise and may not be stable as tidal flooding increases in the future. AU - Watson, Elizabeth Burke AU - Wigand, Cathleen AU - Davey, Earl W. AU - Andrews, Holly M. AU - Bishop, Joseph AU - Raposa, Kenneth B. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s12237-016-0069-1 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1559-2731 SP - 662-681 ST - Wetland loss patterns and inundation-productivity relationships prognosticate widespread salt marsh loss for southern New England T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - Wetland loss patterns and inundation-productivity relationships prognosticate widespread salt marsh loss for southern New England VL - 40 ID - 26246 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Watson, Jordan T. AU - Haynie, Alan C. DO - 10.1139/cjfas-2017-0315 PY - 2018 SN - 0706-652X ST - Paths to resilience: Alaska pollock fleet uses multiple fishing strategies to buffer against environmental change in the Bering Sea T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences TI - Paths to resilience: Alaska pollock fleet uses multiple fishing strategies to buffer against environmental change in the Bering Sea Y2 - 2018/05/14 ID - 25527 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Observational evidence indicates that the southern edge of the Hadley cell (HC) has shifted southward during austral summer in recent decades. However, there is no consensus on the cause of this shift, with several studies reaching opposite conclusions as to the relative role of changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and stratospheric ozone depletion in causing this shift. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of the extant literature on this subject and quantitatively compare the results of all published studies that have used single-forcing model integrations to isolate the role of different factors on the HC expansion during austral summer. It is shown that the weight of the evidence clearly points to stratospheric ozone depletion as the dominant driver of the tropical summertime expansion over the period in which an ozone hole was formed (1979 to late 1990s), although SST trends have contributed to trends since then. Studies that have claimed SSTs as the major driver of tropical expansion since 1979 have used prescribed ozone fields that underrepresent the observed Antarctic ozone depletion. AU - Waugh, Darryn W. AU - Garfinkel, Chaim I. AU - Polvani, Lorenzo M. DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0138.1 IS - 16 KW - Hadley circulation,Subsidence,Ozone,Trends PY - 2015 SP - 6581-6586 ST - Drivers of the recent tropical expansion in the Southern Hemisphere: Changing SSTs or ozone depletion? T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Drivers of the recent tropical expansion in the Southern Hemisphere: Changing SSTs or ozone depletion? VL - 28 ID - 19659 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coastal ecosystems and the services they provide are adversely affected by a wide variety of human activities. In particular, seagrass meadows are negatively affected by impacts accruing from the billion or more people who live within 50 km of them. Seagrass meadows provide important ecosystem services, including an estimated $1.9 trillion per year in the form of nutrient cycling; an order of magnitude enhancement of coral reef fish productivity; a habitat for thousands of fish, bird, and invertebrate species; and a major food source for endangered dugong, manatee, and green turtle. Although individual impacts from coastal development, degraded water quality, and climate change have been documented, there has been no quantitative global assessment of seagrass loss until now. Our comprehensive global assessment of 215 studies found that seagrasses have been disappearing at a rate of 110 km(2) yr(-1) since 1980 and that 29% of the known areal extent has disappeared since seagrass areas were initially recorded in 1879. Furthermore, rates of decline have accelerated from a median of 0.9% yr(-1) before 1940 to 7% yr(-1) since 1990. Seagrass loss rates are comparable to those reported for mangroves, coral reefs, and tropical rainforests and place seagrass meadows among the most threatened ecosystems on earth. AD - School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia. michelle.waycott@jcu.edu.au AU - Waycott, M. AU - Duarte, C. M. AU - Carruthers, T. J. AU - Orth, R. J. AU - Dennison, W. C. AU - Olyarnik, S. AU - Calladine, A. AU - Fourqurean, J. W. AU - Heck, K. L., Jr. AU - Hughes, A. R. AU - Kendrick, G. A. AU - Kenworthy, W. J. AU - Short, F. T. AU - Williams, S. L. C2 - 2707273 C6 - NIEHS DA - Jul 28 DO - 10.1073/pnas.0905620106 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2009/07/10 IS - 30 KW - Alismatidae/ growth & development Animals Conservation of Natural Resources/methods/ statistics & numerical data Ecosystem Environmental Monitoring/methods/ statistics & numerical data Humans Marine Biology Population Density Population Dynamics Seawater LA - eng N1 - Waycott, Michelle Duarte, Carlos M Carruthers, Tim J B Orth, Robert J Dennison, William C Olyarnik, Suzanne Calladine, Ainsley Fourqurean, James W Heck, Kenneth L Jr Hughes, A Randall Kendrick, Gary A Kenworthy, W Judson Short, Frederick T Williams, Susan L Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jul 28;106(30):12377-81. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0905620106. Epub 2009 Jul 8. PY - 2009 RN - CCII Unique - PDF retrieved SN - 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking) SP - 12377-81 ST - Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems VL - 106 ID - 8444 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wdowinski, Shimon AU - Bray, Ronald AU - Kirtman, Ben P. AU - Wu, Zhaohua DA - 2016/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.03.002 KW - Sea level rise Flooding hazard Tide gauge record EEMD Southeast Florida PY - 2016 SN - 0964-5691 SP - 1-8 ST - Increasing flooding hazard in coastal communities due to rising sea level: Case study of Miami Beach, Florida T2 - Ocean & Coastal Management TI - Increasing flooding hazard in coastal communities due to rising sea level: Case study of Miami Beach, Florida VL - 126 ID - 24284 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wear, David N. AU - Coulston, John W. DA - 11/12/online DO - 10.1038/srep16518 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SP - 16518 ST - From sink to source: Regional variation in U.S. forest carbon futures T2 - Scientific Reports TI - From sink to source: Regional variation in U.S. forest carbon futures VL - 5 ID - 20363 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The United States' shares of global industrial roundwood production and derivative products have declined precipitously since the 1990s. We evaluate the extent of these declines compared with those of major producing countries from 1961 to 2013. We find that the US global share of industrial roundwood peaked at 28% in 1999 but by 2013 was at 17%, with the decline attributable to a combination of cyclical factors and long-run trends. Wood products output declines are linked to low construction levels, whereas paper's decline is connected to the offshoring of US manufacturing and growth in electronic media. Prospects are for increased use of wood in construction as the housing market returns to long-run averages in the coming years. However, the paper sector is unlikely to recover to its 1990s levels of output, implying that it is unlikely that the United States will return to its historical highs in global market share of industrial roundwood production.

Management and Policy Implications Several trends and cyclical changes in final wood products markets imply changes in the demand for timber and forest management in the United States. Although sawtimber demands are beginning to recover, the paper sector's demand for pulpwood from thinnings or final harvest is likely to decline somewhat steadily into the foreseeable future. The effect of the decline will be to put downward pressure on pulpwood prices and reduce returns from intensive forestry. Increased demand for pulpwood driven by the wood pellet market in the southeastern United States, especially for export to Europe, could limit or reverse expected price declines. However, the export component of this market is largely the result of supporting European Union energy policies, which are subject to change in the long run. Recovering housing markets should result in demand growth for softwood lumber and related products. Changes in building codes, allowing for taller and larger wood-frame construction, could lead to further growth in wood demand by the construction sector. Growing inventories of large diameter timber in the US South and Pacific Northwest imply that low-cost timber will be available for construction and manufacturing, which should help wood remain competitive against nonwood construction substitutes and stem the decline in global market share in the long run. AU - Wear, David N. AU - Prestemon, Jeffrey P. AU - Foster, Michaela O. DA - // DO - 10.5849/jof.15-091 IS - 4 KW - forest sector industrial roundwood market share timber products PY - 2016 SP - 483-493 ST - US forest products in the global economy T2 - Journal of Forestry TI - US forest products in the global economy VL - 114 ID - 21990 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) states that climate change and ocean acidification are altering the oceans at a rate that is unprecedented compared with the recent past, leading to multifaceted impacts on marine ecosystems, associated goods and services, and human societies. AR5 underlined key uncertainties that remain regarding how synergistic changes in the ocean are likely to affect human systems, and how humans are likely to respond to these events. As climate change research has accelerated rapidly following AR5, an updated synthesis of available knowledge is necessary to identify emerging evidence, and to thereby better inform policy discussions. This paper reviews the literature to capture corroborating, conflicting, and novel findings published following the cut-off date for contribution to AR5. Specifically, we highlight key scientific developments on the impacts of climate-induced changes in the ocean on key socioeconomic sectors, including fisheries, aquaculture and tourism. New evidence continues to support a climate-induced redistribution of benefits and losses at multiple scales and across coastal and marine socio-ecological systems, partly resulting from species and ecosystem range shifts and changes in primary productivity. New efforts have been made to characterize and value ecosystem services in the context of climate change, with specific relevance to ecosystem-based adaptation. Recent studies have also explored synergistic interactions between climatic drivers, and have found strong variability between impacts on species at different life stages. Although climate change may improve conditions for some types of freshwater aquaculture, potentially providing alternative opportunities to adapt to impacts on wild capture fisheries, ocean acidification poses a risk to shellfish fisheries and aquaculture. The risk of increased prevalence of disease under warmer temperatures is uncertain, and may detrimentally affect human health. Climate change may also induce changes in tourism flows, leading to substantial geospatial shifts in economic costs and benefits associated with tourism revenue and coastal infrastructure protection and repairs. While promising, ecosystem-based coastal adaptation approaches are still emerging, and require an improved understanding of key ecosystem services and values for coastal communities in order to assess risk, aid coastal development planning, and build decision support systems. AD - Lauren V. Weatherdon,Changing Ocean Research Unit, Global Fisheries Cluster, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia,Vancouver, BC, Canada,lauren.weatherdon@unep-wcmc.org Lauren V. Weatherdon,UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre,Cambridge, UK,lauren.weatherdon@unep-wcmc.org AU - Weatherdon, Lauren V. AU - Magnan, Alexandre K. AU - Rogers, Alex D. AU - Sumaila, U. Rashid AU - Cheung, William W. L. DA - 2016-April-19 DO - 10.3389/fmars.2016.00048 IS - 48 KW - Climate change impacts,Fisheries,Aquaculture,Coastal Tourism,Human health,Food security,ecosystem-based adaptation,ocean impacts LA - English M3 - Review PY - 2016 SN - 2296-7745 ST - Observed and projected impacts of climate change on marine fisheries, aquaculture, coastal tourism, and human health: An update T2 - Frontiers in Marine Science TI - Observed and projected impacts of climate change on marine fisheries, aquaculture, coastal tourism, and human health: An update VL - 3 ID - 24616 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Studies have demonstrated ways in which climate-related shifts in the distributions and relative abundances of marine species are expected to alter the dynamics and catch potential of global fisheries. While these studies assess impacts on large-scale commercial fisheries, few efforts have been made to quantitatively project impacts on small-scale subsistence and commercial fisheries that are economically, socially and culturally important to many coastal communities. This study uses a dynamic bioclimate envelope model to project scenarios of climate-related changes in the relative abundance, distribution and richness of 98 exploited marine fishes and invertebrates of commercial and cultural importance to First Nations in coastal British Columbia, Canada. Declines in abundance are projected for most of the sampled species under both the lower (Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP] 2.6) and higher (RCP 8.5) emission scenarios (-15.0% to -20.8%, respectively), with poleward range shifts occurring at a median rate of 10.3 to 18.0 km decade-1 by 2050 relative to 2000. While a cumulative decline in catch potential is projected coastwide (-4.5 to -10.7%), estimates suggest a strong positive correlation between the change in relative catch potential and latitude, with First Nations’ territories along the northern and central coasts of British Columbia likely to experience less severe declines than those to the south. Furthermore, a strong negative correlation is projected between latitude and the number of species exhibiting declining abundance. These trends are shown to be robust to alternative species distribution models. This study concludes by discussing corresponding management challenges that are likely to be encountered under climate change, and by highlighting the value of joint-management frameworks and traditional fisheries management approaches that could aid in offsetting impacts and developing site-specific mitigation and adaptation strategies derived from local fishers’ knowledge. AU - Weatherdon, Lauren V. AU - Ota, Yoshitaka AU - Jones, Miranda C. AU - Close, David A. AU - Cheung, William W. L. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0145285 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - e0145285 ST - Projected scenarios for coastal First Nations’ fisheries catch potential under climate change: Management challenges and opportunities T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Projected scenarios for coastal First Nations’ fisheries catch potential under climate change: Management challenges and opportunities VL - 11 ID - 24915 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weatherhead, E. AU - Gearheard, S. AU - Barry, R. G. DA - 8// DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.02.002 IS - 3 KW - Climate change Arctic Persistence Inuit Temperature PY - 2010 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 523-528 ST - Changes in weather persistence: Insight from Inuit knowledge T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Changes in weather persistence: Insight from Inuit knowledge VL - 20 ID - 22327 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weaver, Christopher AU - Moss, Richard AU - Ebi, Kristie AU - Gleick, Peter AU - Stern, Paul AU - Tebaldi, Claudia AU - Wilson, Robyn AU - Arvai, Joseph DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7494 PY - 2017 SP - 080201 ST - Reframing climate change assessments around risk: Recommendations for the US National Climate Assessment T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Reframing climate change assessments around risk: Recommendations for the US National Climate Assessment VL - 12 ID - 22328 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weaver, C.P. AU - Cooter, E. AU - Gilliam, R. AU - Gilliland, A. AU - Grambsch, A. AU - Grano, D. AU - Hemming, B. AU - Hunt, S.W. AU - Nolte, C. AU - Winner, D. A. AU - Liang, X-Z. AU - Zhu, J. AU - Caughey, M. AU - Kunkel, K. AU - Lin, J-T. AU - Tao, Z. AU - Williams, A. AU - Wuebbles, D. J. AU - Adams, P. J. AU - Dawson, J. P. AU - Amar, P. AU - He, S. AU - Avise, J. AU - Chen, J. AU - Cohen, R. C. AU - Goldstein, A. H. AU - Harley, R. A. AU - Steiner, A. L. AU - Tonse, S. AU - Guenther, A. AU - Lamarque, J-F. AU - Wiedinmyer, C. AU - Gustafson, W. I. AU - Leung, L. R. AU - Hogrefe, C. AU - Huang, H-C. AU - Jacob, D. J. AU - Mickley, L. J. AU - Wu, S. AU - Kinney, P. L. AU - Lamb, B. AU - Larkin, N. K. AU - McKenzie, D. AU - Liao, K-J. AU - Manomaiphiboon, K. AU - Russell, A. G. AU - Tagaris, E. AU - Lynn, B. H. AU - Mass, C. AU - Salathé, E. AU - O'Neill, S. M. AU - Pandis, S. N. AU - Racherla, P. N. AU - Rosenzweig, C. AU - Woo, J-H. DO - 10.1175/2009BAMS2568.1 IS - 12 PY - 2009 SP - 1843-1863 ST - A preliminary synthesis of modeled climate change impacts on U.S. regional ozone concentrations T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - A preliminary synthesis of modeled climate change impacts on U.S. regional ozone concentrations VL - 90 ID - 19100 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weaver, Christopher P. AU - Lempert, Robert J. AU - Brown, Casey AU - Hall, John A. AU - Revell, David AU - Sarewitz, Daniel C6 - NCA DO - 10.1002/wcc.202 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SN - 1757-7799 SP - 39-60 ST - Improving the contribution of climate model information to decision making: The value and demands of robust decision frameworks T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change TI - Improving the contribution of climate model information to decision making: The value and demands of robust decision frameworks VL - 4 ID - 15899 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weed, Aaron S. AU - Ayres, Matthew P. AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. DO - 10.1890/13-0160.1 IS - 4 KW - atmospheric drivers bark beetles defoliators economic impact ecosystem interactions forest health management greenhouses gases outbreak pathogens PY - 2013 SN - 1557-7015 SP - 441-470 ST - Consequences of climate change for biotic disturbances in North American forests T2 - Ecological Monographs TI - Consequences of climate change for biotic disturbances in North American forests VL - 83 ID - 21220 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weed, Aaron S. AU - Ayres, Matthew P. AU - Liebhold, Andrew M. AU - Billings, Ronald F. DO - 10.1111/ecog.02046 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 1600-0587 SP - 221-234 ST - Spatio-temporal dynamics of a tree-killing beetle and its predator T2 - Ecography TI - Spatio-temporal dynamics of a tree-killing beetle and its predator VL - 40 ID - 21697 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weeks, D. AU - Malone, P. AU - Welling, L. C6 - NCA IS - 1 PY - 2011 SP - 26-33 ST - Climate change scenario planning: A tool for managing parks into uncertain futures T2 - Park Science TI - Climate change scenario planning: A tool for managing parks into uncertain futures UR - http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/pd/climate/teachingclimate/parksciencespecialissue_on_climate.pdf#page=26 VL - 28 ID - 15906 ER - TY - CONF AU - Weerasinghe, Sanjula AU - Martin, Susan AU - Türk, Volker AU - Riera, José AU - Franck, Marine AU - McAdam, Jane AU - Ferris, Elizabeth CY - Sanremo, Italy DA - 12-14 March 2014 PB - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees PY - 2014 SP - 30 ST - Report T2 - Planned Relocation, Disasters and Climate Change: Consolidating Good Practices and Preparing for the Future TI - Report UR - http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/protection/environment/54082cc69/final-report-planned-relocation-disasters-climate-change-consolidating.html ID - 24963 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Seasonal extreme daily precipitation is analyzed in the ensemble of NARCAPP regional climate models. Significant variation in these models’ abilities to reproduce observed precipitation extremes over the contiguous United States is found. Model performance metrics are introduced to characterize overall biases, seasonality, spatial extent and the shape of the precipitation distribution. Comparison of the models to gridded observations that include an elevation correction is found to be better than to gridded observations without this correction. A complicated model weighting scheme based on model performance in simulating observations is found to cause significant improvements in ensemble mean skill only if some of the models are poorly performing outliers. The effect of lateral boundary conditions are explored by comparing the integrations driven by reanalysis to those driven by global climate models. Projected mid-century future changes in seasonal precipitation means and extremes are presented and discussions of the sources of uncertainty and the mechanisms causing these changes are presented. AU - Wehner, M.F. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s00382-012-1393-1 IS - 1-2 KW - Extreme precipitation; Climate models; Return value; Uncertainty; High resolution PY - 2013 SN - 0930-7575 SP - 59-80 ST - Very extreme seasonal precipitation in the NARCCAP ensemble: Model performance and projections T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Very extreme seasonal precipitation in the NARCCAP ensemble: Model performance and projections VL - 40 ID - 15908 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Wehner, M.F. AU - Arnold, J.R. AU - Knutson, T. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - LeGrande, A.N. C4 - a29b612b-8c28-4c93-9c18-19314babce89 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J0CJ8BNN PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 8 SP - 231-256 ST - Droughts, floods, and wildfires T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Droughts, floods, and wildfires ID - 21566 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wehner, M. F. AU - Reed, K. A. AU - Loring, B. AU - Stone, D. AU - Krishnan, H. DO - 10.5194/esd-9-187-2018 IS - 1 N1 - ESD PY - 2018 SN - 2190-4987 SP - 187-195 ST - Changes in tropical cyclones under stabilized 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming scenarios as simulated by the Community Atmospheric Model under the HAPPI protocols T2 - Earth System Dynamics TI - Changes in tropical cyclones under stabilized 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming scenarios as simulated by the Community Atmospheric Model under the HAPPI protocols VL - 9 ID - 25424 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wei, Xiaorong AU - Shao, Mingan AU - Gale, William AU - Li, Linhai DA - 02/11/online DO - 10.1038/srep04062 M3 - Article PY - 2014 SP - 4062 ST - Global pattern of soil carbon losses due to the conversion of forests to agricultural land T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Global pattern of soil carbon losses due to the conversion of forests to agricultural land VL - 4 ID - 25532 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weijerman, Mariska AU - Fulton, Elizabeth A. AU - Janssen, Annette B. G. AU - Kuiper, Jan J. AU - Leemans, Rik AU - Robson, Barbara J. AU - van de Leemput, Ingrid A. AU - Mooij, Wolf M. DA - 2015/11/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.12.017 PY - 2015 SN - 0079-6611 SP - 559-570 ST - How models can support ecosystem-based management of coral reefs T2 - Progress in Oceanography TI - How models can support ecosystem-based management of coral reefs VL - 138 ID - 24818 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Standard research vessel surveys during the 1980s and early 1990s demonstrated that Atlantic surfclams ( Spisula solidissima solidissima ) were common in the southern portion of their range (37–38°N) along the east coast of North America in the Delmarva region. Based on data from these surveys, the probability of capturing surfclams in shallow water (i.e. 20 m) tows of the Delmarva region was 75–85% in 1994 and 1997. In 1999 and 2002, this probability declined to 40–55%. The probability of capturing surfclams in survey tows from deeper waters (40–50 m) also declined, but this change was relatively small compared with that in shallower water. These changes were not the result of commercial clam fishing. Unusually warm water, which induces thermal stress in S. s. solidissima , was prevalent within the period from 1999 to 2002 over the Delmarva continental shelf during fall when annual bottom temperature was peaking. The combined effects of poor physiological condition and thermal stress likely resulted in mortality of Atlantic surfclams in shallow water habitats in the Delmarva region. This resulted in a shift in the bathymetric distribution of the population to deeper water. Between 1982 and 1997, most of the surfclams in the Delmarva region occurred at depths between 25 and 35 m, whereas in 1999 and 2002, most of the Delmarva population occurred at 35–40 m. AU - Weinberg, James R. DO - 10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.04.020 IS - 7 PY - 2005 SN - 1054-3139 SP - 1444-1453 ST - Bathymetric shift in the distribution of Atlantic surfclams: Response to warmer ocean temperature T2 - ICES Journal of Marine Science TI - Bathymetric shift in the distribution of Atlantic surfclams: Response to warmer ocean temperature VL - 62 ID - 26247 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weinberger, Kate R. AU - Haykin, Leah AU - Eliot, Melissa N. AU - Schwartz, Joel D. AU - Gasparrini, Antonio AU - Wellenius, Gregory A. DA - 2017/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.006 KW - Climate change Ambient temperature Health impacts United States PY - 2017 SN - 0160-4120 SP - 196-204 ST - Projected temperature-related deaths in ten large U.S. metropolitan areas under different climate change scenarios T2 - Environment International TI - Projected temperature-related deaths in ten large U.S. metropolitan areas under different climate change scenarios VL - 107 ID - 26248 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Weingartner, K. AU - Dave, A. AU - Reidmiller, D.R. C4 - 06c5e9db-089a-4e3c-b74e-4a732b8c621c CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.AP4 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 33 SP - xxx ST - Looking Abroad: How Other Nations Approach a National Climate Assessment T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Looking Abroad: How Other Nations Approach a National Climate Assessment ID - 26670 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate-related disasters such as tropical cyclones, floods and droughts are not new to Pacific Islanders, who have developed customary or ‘traditional’ practices to enable communities to adapt and recover from such hazards. Some of these practices have been degraded and some assisted by modernisation. Through their effects on the island environment, these hazards have a range of socio-economic impacts on food (fisheries and crops) and water supply, tourism, and coastal buildings and infrastructure. The varied impacts of climate change not only exacerbate those hazards but also raise new threats, such as sea level rise and ocean acidification, that have no precedent in the past 500 years, and for which there are therefore no traditional adaptations, although Pacific innate ingenuity and resilience remains strong. These issues are particularly acute for the low-lying atoll countries whose continued existence is threatened by sea level rise, but also affect those that live on higher islands in coastal settlements, where most of their population is concentrated. Climate change thus sharpens social and cultural issues of equity (reflecting disparities in location, income, education, gender, health and age), made even more acute by increased levels of voluntary or forced migration within, and even more so beyond, island country boundaries. Consequently, many islanders see climate change as a moral challenge to the richer countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions that are causing the problem. AU - Weir, Tony AU - Dovey, Liz AU - Orcherton, Dan DA - 2017/04/01/ DO - 10.1007/s10113-016-1012-5 DP - link-springer-com.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu IS - 4 LA - en PY - 2017 SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X SP - 1017-1028 ST - Social and cultural issues raised by climate change in Pacific Island countries: An overview T2 - Regional Environmental Change TI - Social and cultural issues raised by climate change in Pacific Island countries: An overview VL - 17 Y2 - 2017/09/26/00:11:36 ID - 22539 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wellenius, Gregory A. AU - Eliot, Melissa N. AU - Bush, Kathleen F. AU - Holt, Dennis AU - Lincoln, Rebecca A. AU - Smith, Andy E. AU - Gold, Julia DA - 2017/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.005 PY - 2017 SN - 0013-9351 SP - 845-853 ST - Heat-related morbidity and mortality in New England: Evidence for local policy T2 - Environmental Research TI - Heat-related morbidity and mortality in New England: Evidence for local policy VL - 156 ID - 21696 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wells, Brian K. AU - Schroeder, Isaac D. AU - Bograd, Steven J. AU - Hazen, Elliott L. AU - Jacox, Michael G. AU - Leising, Andrew AU - Mantua, Nathan AU - Santora, Jarrod A. AU - Fisher, Jennifer AU - Peterson, William.T. AU - Bjorkstedt, Eric AU - Robertson, Roxanne R. AU - Chavez, Francisco P. AU - Goericke, Ralf AU - Kudela, Raphael AU - Anderson, Clarissa AU - Lavaniegos, Bertha E. AU - Gomez-Valdes, Jose AU - Brodeur, Richard D. AU - Daly, Elizabeth A. AU - Morgan, Cheryl A. AU - Auth, Toby D. AU - Field, John C. AU - Sakuma, Keith AU - McClatchie, Sam AU - Thompson, Andrew R. AU - Weber, Edward D. AU - Watson, William AU - Suryan, Robert M. AU - Parrish, Julia AU - Dolliver, Jane AU - Loredo, Stephanie AU - Porquez, Jessica M. AU - Zamon, Jeannette E. AU - Schneider, Stephanie R. AU - Golightly, Richard T. AU - Warzybok, Pete AU - Bradley, Russell AU - Jahncke, Jaime AU - Sydeman, William AU - Melin, Sharon R. AU - Hildebrand, John A. AU - Debich, Amanda J. AU - Thayre, Bruce PY - 2017 SP - 1-55 ST - State of the California Current 2016-2017: Still anything but “normal” in the north T2 - CalCOFI Reports TI - State of the California Current 2016-2017: Still anything but “normal” in the north UR - http://calcofi.org/publications/calcofireports/v58/Vol58-State_of_the_Current_pages_1-55.pdf VL - 58 ID - 25528 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wendler, Gerd AU - Moore, Blake AU - Galloway, Kevin DO - 10.2174/1874282301408010007 ET - 8/9/2014 PY - 2014 SP - 7-15 ST - Strong temperature increase and shrinking sea ice in Arctic Alaska T2 - The Open Atmospheric Science Journal TI - Strong temperature increase and shrinking sea ice in Arctic Alaska VL - 8 ID - 20139 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wenger, Jay D. AU - Zulz, Tammy AU - Bruden, Dana AU - Singleton, Rosalyn AU - Bruce, Michael G. AU - Bulkow, Lisa AU - Parks, Debbie AU - Rudolph, Karen AU - Hurlburt, Debby AU - Ritter, Troy AU - Klejka, Joseph AU - Hennessy, Thomas DA - Mar DO - 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181bdbed5 ET - 2009/12/03 IS - 3 KW - Alaska/epidemiology Child, Preschool Female Hand Disinfection Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Male Pneumococcal Infections/*epidemiology Pneumococcal Vaccines/*administration & dosage/*immunology Serotyping Socioeconomic Factors Streptococcus pneumoniae/*classification/immunology/*isolation & purification *Water Microbiology *Water Supply PY - 2010 SN - 0891-3668 SP - 251-256 ST - Invasive pneumococcal disease in Alaskan children: Impact of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the role of water supply T2 - Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal TI - Invasive pneumococcal disease in Alaskan children: Impact of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the role of water supply VL - 29 ID - 22329 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wenger, Seth J. AU - Isaak, Daniel J. AU - Luce, Charles H. AU - Neville, Helen M. AU - Fausch, Kurt D. AU - Dunham, Jason B. AU - Dauwalter, Daniel C. AU - Young, Michael K. AU - Elsner, Marketa M. AU - Rieman, Bruce E. AU - Hamlet, Alan F. AU - Williams, Jack E. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1073/pnas.1103097108 IS - 34 PY - 2011 SP - 14175–14180 ST - Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change VL - 108 ID - 15921 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wentz, Jessica IS - 3 PY - 2017 SP - 10,220-10,244 ST - Planning for the effects of climate change on natural resources T2 - Environmental Law Reporter TI - Planning for the effects of climate change on natural resources UR - http://columbiaclimatelaw.com/files/2017/03/Wentz-2017-03-Planning-for-the-Effects-of-Climate-Change-on-Natural-Resources.pdf VL - 47 ID - 24155 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wentz, Jessica A. DO - 10.7916/D870812J PY - 2015 SP - 11015-11031 ST - Assessing the impacts of climate change on the built environment: A framework for environmental reviews T2 - Environmental Law Reporter TI - Assessing the impacts of climate change on the built environment: A framework for environmental reviews VL - 45 ID - 24156 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wenzel, Sabrina AU - Cox, Peter M. AU - Eyring, Veronika AU - Friedlingstein, Pierre DA - 10/27/print DO - 10.1038/nature19772 IS - 7626 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 499-501 ST - Projected land photosynthesis constrained by changes in the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 T2 - Nature TI - Projected land photosynthesis constrained by changes in the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 VL - 538 ID - 20509 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Werkheiser, Ian DA - 2016/01/02 DO - 10.1080/02691728.2014.971911 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 0269-1728 SP - 25-44 ST - Community epistemic capacity T2 - Social Epistemology TI - Community epistemic capacity VL - 30 ID - 21173 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Wernsing, Richard C1 - Piscataway, NJ CY - National Harbor, MD DA - 30 July NV - GM Panel PB - IEEE PY - 2014 T2 - IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting TI - Reliability and resiliency in New Jersey UR - https://www.ieee-pes.org/presentations/gm2014/IEEE2014-Energy-StrongRWWv3.pdf ID - 25434 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Werrell, Caitlin E. AU - Femia, Francesco AU - Sternberg, Troy DO - 10.1353/sais.2015.0002 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SP - 29-46 ST - Did we see it coming? State fragility, climate vulnerability, and the uprisings in Syria and Egypt T2 - SAIS Review of International Affairs TI - Did we see it coming? State fragility, climate vulnerability, and the uprisings in Syria and Egypt VL - 35 ID - 22037 ER - TY - JOUR AU - West, Derek C. AU - Post, David M. DO - 10.1111/1365-2656.12491 IS - 3 KW - climate change consumer–resource dynamics Daphnia growth rate phytoplankton temperature PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2656 SP - 671-680 ST - Impacts of warming revealed by linking resource growth rates with consumer functional responses T2 - Journal of Animal Ecology TI - Impacts of warming revealed by linking resource growth rates with consumer functional responses VL - 85 ID - 23469 ER - TY - JOUR AU - West, J. Jason AU - Smith, Steven J. AU - Silva, Raquel A. AU - Naik, Vaishali AU - Zhang, Yuqiang AU - Adelman, Zachariah AU - Fry, Meridith M. AU - Anenberg, Susan AU - Horowitz, Larry W. AU - Lamarque, Jean-Francois DA - 10//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate2009 IS - 10 M3 - Letter PY - 2013 SN - 1758-678X SP - 885-889 ST - Co-benefits of mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions for future air quality and human health T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Co-benefits of mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions for future air quality and human health VL - 3 ID - 21695 ER - TY - JOUR AU - West, J. Jason AU - Szopa, Sophie AU - Hauglustaine, Didier A. DA - 2007/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.crte.2007.08.005 IS - 11 KW - Ozone Air pollution Human mortality Atmospheric modeling Health effects Future scenarios Tropospheric chemistry Pollution de l’air Mortalité humaine Modélisation atmosphérique Effets sur la santé Scénarios futurs Chimie troposphérique PY - 2007 SN - 1631-0713 SP - 775-783 ST - Human mortality effects of future concentrations of tropospheric ozone T2 - Comptes Rendus Geoscience TI - Human mortality effects of future concentrations of tropospheric ozone VL - 339 ID - 25143 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Cavallaro, N. A2 - Shrestha, G. A2 - Birdsey, R. A2 - Mayes, M. A2 - Najjar, R. A2 - Reed, S. A2 - Romero-Lankao, P. A2 - Zhu, Z. AU - West, T.O. AU - Gurwick, N. AU - Brown, M.E. AU - Duren, R. AU - Mooney, S. AU - Paustian, K. AU - McGlynn, E. AU - Malone, E. AU - Rosenblatt, A. AU - Hultman, N. AU - Ocko, I. C4 - 0776dae8-18ce-4cc3-940d-41b366dbf34a CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/SOCCR2.2018.Ch18 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 18 SP - xx-yy ST - Carbon cycle science in support of decision making T2 - Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment Report TI - Carbon cycle science in support of decision making ID - 26169 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Westerling, Anthony LeRoy DO - 10.1098/rstb.2015.0178 PY - 2016 SP - 20150178 ST - Increasing western US forest wildfire activity: Sensitivity to changes in the timing of spring T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Increasing western US forest wildfire activity: Sensitivity to changes in the timing of spring VL - 371 ID - 21942 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Westerling, Anthony LeRoy DO - 10.1098/rstb.2016.0373 IS - 1707 PY - 2016 ST - Correction to "‘Increasing western US forest wildfire activity: sensitivity to changes in the timing of spring" T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Correction to "‘Increasing western US forest wildfire activity: sensitivity to changes in the timing of spring" VL - 371 ID - 25666 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Westerling, A.L. AU - Bryant, B.P. AU - Preisler, H.K. AU - Holmes, T.P. AU - Hidalgo, H.G. AU - Das, T. AU - Shrestha, S.R. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0329-9 IS - 1 supplement PY - 2011 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 445-463 ST - Climate change and growth scenarios for California wildfire T2 - Climatic Change TI - Climate change and growth scenarios for California wildfire VL - 109 ID - 15929 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wildfires periodically burn large areas of chaparral and adjacent woodlands in autumn and winter in southern California. These fires often occur in conjunction with Santa Ana weather events, which combine high winds and low humidity, and tend to follow a wet winter rainy season. Because conditions fostering large fall and winter wildfires in California are the result of large-scale patterns in atmospheric circulation, the same dangerous conditions are likely to occur over a wide area at the same time. Furthermore, over a century of watershed reserve management and fire suppression have promoted fuel accumulations, helping to shape one of the most conflagration-prone environments in the world [Pyne, 1997]. Combined with a complex topography and a large human population, southern Californian ecology and climate pose a considerable physical and societal challenge to fire management. AU - Westerling, Anthony L. AU - Cayan, Daniel R. AU - Brown, Timothy J. AU - Hall, Beth L. AU - Riddle, Laurence G. DO - 10.1029/2004EO310001 IS - 31 PY - 2004 SP - 289-296 ST - Climate, Santa Ana Winds and autumn wildfires in southern California T2 - Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union TI - Climate, Santa Ana Winds and autumn wildfires in southern California VL - 85 ID - 26394 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Western United States forest wildfire activity is widely thought to have increased in recent decades, yet neither the extent of recent changes nor the degree to which climate may be driving regional changes in wildfire has been systematically documented. Much of the public and scientific discussion of changes in western United States wildfire has focused instead on the effects of 19th- and 20th-century land-use history. We compiled a comprehensive database of large wildfires in western United States forests since 1970 and compared it with hydroclimatic and land-surface data. Here, we show that large wildfire activity increased suddenly and markedly in the mid-1980s, with higher large-wildfire frequency, longer wildfire durations, and longer wildfire seasons. The greatest increases occurred in mid-elevation, Northern Rockies forests, where land-use histories have relatively little effect on fire risks and are strongly associated with increased spring and summer temperatures and an earlier spring snowmelt. AD - Westerling, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; Univ Calif, Merced, CA 95344 USA; US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA AU - Westerling, A.L. AU - Hidalgo, H.G. AU - Cayan, D.R. AU - Swetnam, T.W. C6 - NCA DA - AUG 18 2006 DO - 10.1126/science.1128834 IS - 5789 KW - PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE REGIMES; VARIABILITY; PERSPECTIVE; ECOSYSTEMS; ENSO LA - English PY - 2006 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 940-943 ST - Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest wildfire activity T2 - Science TI - Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest wildfire activity VL - 313 ID - 15931 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is likely to alter wildfire regimes, but the magnitude and timing of potential climate-driven changes in regional fire regimes are not well understood. We considered how the occurrence, size, and spatial location of large fires might respond to climate projections in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem (GYE) (Wyoming), a large wildland ecosystem dominated by conifer forests and characterized by infrequent, high-severity fire. We developed a suite of statistical models that related monthly climate data (1972–1999) to the occurrence and size of fires >200 ha in the northern Rocky Mountains; these models were cross-validated and then used with downscaled (∼12 km × 12 km) climate projections from three global climate models to predict fire occurrence and area burned in the GYE through 2099. All models predicted substantial increases in fire by midcentury, with fire rotation (the time to burn an area equal to the landscape area) reduced to <30 y from the historical 100–300 y for most of the GYE. Years without large fires were common historically but are expected to become rare as annual area burned and the frequency of regionally synchronous fires increase. Our findings suggest a shift to novel fire–climate–vegetation relationships in Greater Yellowstone by midcentury because fire frequency and extent would be inconsistent with persistence of the current suite of conifer species. The predicted new fire regime would transform the flora, fauna, and ecosystem processes in this landscape and may indicate similar changes for other subalpine forests. AU - Westerling, Anthony L. AU - Turner, Monica G. AU - Smithwick, Erica A. H. AU - Romme, William H. AU - Ryan, Michael G. C6 - NCA DA - July 25, 2011 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1110199108 IS - 32 PY - 2011 RN - http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/07/20/1110199108.abstract; http://www.pnas.org/content/108/32/13165.full.pdf SP - 13165-13170 ST - Continued warming could transform Greater Yellowstone fire regimes by mid-21st century T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Continued warming could transform Greater Yellowstone fire regimes by mid-21st century VL - 108 ID - 15932 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Westervelt, D. M. AU - Horowitz, L. W. AU - Naik, V. AU - Tai, A. P. K. AU - Fiore, A. M. AU - Mauzerall, D. L. DA - 2016/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.07.040 KW - PM Climate change Climate model Sensitivity PY - 2016 SN - 1352-2310 SP - 43-56 ST - Quantifying PM2.5-meteorology sensitivities in a global climate model T2 - Atmospheric Environment TI - Quantifying PM2.5-meteorology sensitivities in a global climate model VL - 142 ID - 24225 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study investigates the presence of trends in annual maximum daily precipitation time series obtained from a global dataset of 8326 high-quality land-based observing stations with more than 30 years of record over the period from 1900 to 2009. Two complementary statistical techniques were adopted to evaluate the possible nonstationary behavior of these precipitation data. The first was a Mann–Kendall nonparametric trend test, and it was used to evaluate the existence of monotonic trends. The second was a nonstationary generalized extreme value analysis, and it was used to determine the strength of association between the precipitation extremes and globally averaged near-surface temperature. The outcomes are that statistically significant increasing trends can be detected at the global scale, with close to two-thirds of stations showing increases. Furthermore, there is a statistically significant association with globally averaged near-surface temperature, with the median intensity of extreme precipitation changing in proportion with changes in global mean temperature at a rate of between 5.9% and 7.7% K−1, depending on the method of analysis. This ratio was robust irrespective of record length or time period considered and was not strongly biased by the uneven global coverage of precipitation data. Finally, there is a distinct meridional variation, with the greatest sensitivity occurring in the tropics and higher latitudes and the minima around 13°S and 11°N. The greatest uncertainty was near the equator because of the limited number of sufficiently long precipitation records, and there remains an urgent need to improve data collection in this region to better constrain future changes in tropical precipitation. AU - Westra, Seth AU - Alexander, Lisa V. AU - Zwiers, Francis W. DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00502.1 IS - 11 KW - Rainfall,Climate change,Climate sensitivity,Trends PY - 2013 SP - 3904-3918 ST - Global increasing trends in annual maximum daily precipitation T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Global increasing trends in annual maximum daily precipitation VL - 26 ID - 19584 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This article reviews the use of integrated assessment models (IAMs) in climate policy and research at the global scale. Two different types of IAMs are discussed. First, there are models that focus on climate change mitigation options and climate change impacts in some detail without necessarily valuing or aggregating all possible impacts into a single measure of projected climate damages. Here they are called detailed process (DP) IAMs. A second class of IAMs are much more highly aggregated and focus on calculating carbon emissions trajectories and carbon prices that maximize global welfare. Here these models are referred to as aggregate benefit–cost analysis (BCA) IAMs.Early IAMs of both types were introduced about 30 years ago and by now have been applied to many important policy and research design issues. Continual advancements in physical and economic system understanding, modeling techniques, and computational power should continue to open up many additional opportunities for using these models to provide relevant information to decision makers. While the models can be improved in many areas, much of the uncertainty that exists reflects a lack of complete scientific understanding of the systems involved rather than limitations of one or another approach to model construction and use. AU - Weyant, John DO - 10.1093/reep/rew018 IS - 1 N1 - 10.1093/reep/rew018 PY - 2017 SN - 1750-6816 SP - 115-137 ST - Some contributions of integrated assessment models of global climate change T2 - Review of Environmental Economics and Policy TI - Some contributions of integrated assessment models of global climate change VL - 11 ID - 24459 ER - TY - RPRT AU - WFEO Committee on Engineering and the Environment CY - Paris, France PB - World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO) PY - 2015 SP - 36 ST - Model Code of Practice: Principles of Climate Change Adaptation for Engineers TI - Model Code of Practice: Principles of Climate Change Adaptation for Engineers UR - http://www.aaes.org/sites/default/files/WFEO%20Model%20Code%20of%20Practice%20-%20Climate%20Change%20Adaptation%20Principles%20-%20REVIEW%20DRAFT%20-%20July%202015.pdf ID - 23062 ER - TY - RPRT AU - WFP AU - Oxfam America CY - Boston, MA PB - World Food Programme (WFP) and Oxfam America PY - 2016 SP - 40 ST - R4: Rural Resilience Initiative. Annual Report TI - R4: Rural Resilience Initiative. Annual Report UR - https://www.oxfamamerica.org/static/media/files/R4_AR_2015_WEB.pdf ID - 26153 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whateley, Sarah AU - Brown, Casey DO - 10.1002/2016GL070241 IS - 21 KW - climate change natural variability adaptation water supply 1807 Climate impacts 1873 Uncertainty assessment 1880 Water management 1884 Water supply 3305 Climate change and variability PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 11,329-11,338 ST - Assessing the relative effects of emissions, climate means, and variability on large water supply systems T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Assessing the relative effects of emissions, climate means, and variability on large water supply systems VL - 43 ID - 21546 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many water planning and operation decisions are affected by climate uncertainty. Given concerns about the effects of uncertainty on the outcomes of long‐term decisions, many water planners seek adaptation alternatives that are robust given a wide range of possible climate futures. However, there is no standardized paradigm for quantifying robustness in the water sector. This study uses a new framework for assessing the impact of future climate change and uncertainty on water supply systems and defines and demonstrates a new metric for quantifying climate robustness. The metric is based on the range of climate change space over which an alternative provides acceptable performance. The metric is independent of assumptions regarding future climate; however, GCM‐based (or other) climate projections can be used to create a “climate‐informed” version of the metric. The method is demonstrated for a water supply system in the northeast United States to evaluate the additional robustness that can be attained through optimal operational changes, by comparing optimal reservoir operations with current reservoir operations. Results show the additional robustness gained through adaptation. They also reveal the additional insight regarding robust adaptation gained from the decision‐scaling approach that would not be discerned using a GCM projection‐based analysis. AU - Whateley, Sarah AU - Steinschneider, Scott AU - Brown, Casey DO - 10.1002/2014WR015956 IS - 11 PY - 2014 SP - 8944-8961 ST - A climate change range‐based method for estimating robustness for water resources supply T2 - Water Resources Research TI - A climate change range‐based method for estimating robustness for water resources supply VL - 50 ID - 25389 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change could potentially interrupt progress toward a world without hunger. A robust and coherent global pattern is discernible of the impacts of climate change on crop productivity that could have consequences for food availability. The stability of whole food systems may be at risk under climate change because of short-term variability in supply. However, the potential impact is less clear at regional scales, but it is likely that climate variability and change will exacerbate food insecurity in areas currently vulnerable to hunger and undernutrition. Likewise, it can be anticipated that food access and utilization will be affected indirectly via collateral effects on household and individual incomes, and food utilization could be impaired by loss of access to drinking water and damage to health. The evidence supports the need for considerable investment in adaptation and mitigation actions toward a "climate-smart food system" that is more resilient to climate change influences on food security. AD - Walker Institute for Climate System Research, Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, Reading, UK. t.r.wheeler@reading.ac.uk AU - Wheeler, T. AU - von Braun, J. C6 - NIEHS DA - Aug 2 DB - DO - 10.1126/science.1239402 DP - CCII PubMed NLM ET - 2013/08/03 IS - 6145 KW - Climate Change Crops, Agricultural Decision Making Food Supply Humans Hunger LA - eng N1 - Wheeler, Tim von Braun, Joachim Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review United States Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):508-13. doi: 10.1126/science.1239402. PY - 2013 RN - CCII Unique SN - 1095-9203 (Electronic) 0036-8075 (Linking) SP - 508-13 ST - Climate change impacts on global food security T2 - Science TI - Climate change impacts on global food security VL - 341 ID - 5372 ER - TY - RPRT AU - White, Cary AU - Whelche, Adam W. CY - New Haven, CT NV - Report 17-04 PB - The Nature Conservancy, Community Resilience Building Initiative PY - 2017 SP - 43 ST - Southeastern Connecticut Regional Resilience Guidebook TI - Southeastern Connecticut Regional Resilience Guidebook UR - https://media.wix.com/ugd/29a871_649289678e664394bad4cf77b144a25b.pdf ID - 21927 ER - TY - JOUR AU - White, Dave AU - Jones, J. AU - Maciejewski, Ross AU - Aggarwal, Rimjhim AU - Mascaro, Giuseppe DO - 10.3390/su9122204 IS - 12 PY - 2017 SN - 2071-1050 SP - 2204 ST - Stakeholder analysis for the food-energy-water nexus in Phoenix, Arizona: Implications for nexus governance T2 - Sustainability TI - Stakeholder analysis for the food-energy-water nexus in Phoenix, Arizona: Implications for nexus governance VL - 9 ID - 25280 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the Arctic, permafrost extends up to 500 m below the ground surface, and it is generally just the top metre that thaws in summer. Lakes, rivers, and wetlands on the arctic landscape are normally not connected with groundwater in the same way that they are in temperate regions. When the surface is frozen in winter, only lakes deeper than 2 m and rivers with significant flow retain liquid water. Surface water is largely abundant in summer, when it serves as a breeding ground for fish, birds, and mammals. In winter, many mammals and birds are forced to migrate out of the Arctic. Fish must seek out lakes or rivers deep enough to provide good overwintering habitat. Humans in the Arctic rely on surface water in many ways. Surface water meets domestic needs such as drinking, cooking, and cleaning as well as subsistence and industrial demands. Indigenous communities depend on sea ice and waterways for transportation across the landscape and access to traditional country foods. The minerals, mining, and oil and gas industries also use large quantities of surface water during winter to build ice roads and maintain infrastructure. As demand for this limited, but heavily-relied-upon resource continues to increase, it is now more critical than ever to understand the impacts of climate change on food and water security in the Arctic. AU - White, Daniel M. AU - Gerlach, S. Craig AU - Loring, Philip AU - Tidwell, Amy C. AU - Chambers, Molly C. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045018 IS - 4 PY - 2007 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 045018 ST - Food and water security in a changing arctic climate T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Food and water security in a changing arctic climate VL - 2 ID - 15942 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whitehead, John AU - Willard, Daniel DO - 10.15351/2373-8456.1071 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SP - Article 7 ST - The impact of climate change on marine recreational fishing with implications for the social cost of carbon T2 - Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics TI - The impact of climate change on marine recreational fishing with implications for the social cost of carbon VL - 3 ID - 24617 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It is now accepted that some human-induced climate change is unavoidable. Potential impacts on water supply have received much attention, but relatively little is known about the concomitant changes in water quality. Projected changes in air temperature and rainfall could affect river flows and, hence, the mobility and dilution of contaminants. Increased water temperatures will affect chemical reaction kinetics and, combined with deteriorations in quality, freshwater ecological status. With increased flows there will be changes in stream power and, hence, sediment loads with the potential to alter the morphology of rivers and the transfer of sediments to lakes, thereby impacting freshwater habitats in both lake and stream systems. This paper reviews such impacts through the lens of UK surface water quality. Widely accepted climate change scenarios suggest more frequent droughts in summer, as well as flash-flooding, leading to uncontrolled discharges from urban areas to receiving water courses and estuaries. Invasion by alien species is highly likely, as is migration of species within the UK adapting to changing temperatures and flow regimes. Lower flows, reduced velocities and, hence, higher water residence times in rivers and lakes will enhance the potential for toxic algal blooms and reduce dissolved oxygen levels. Upland streams could experience increased dissolved organic carbon and colour levels, requiring action at water treatment plants to prevent toxic by-products entering public water supplies. Storms that terminate drought periods will flush nutrients from urban and rural areas or generate acid pulses in acidified upland catchments. Policy responses to climate change, such as the growth of bio-fuels or emission controls, will further impact freshwater quality. AU - Whitehead, P. G. AU - Wilby, R. L. AU - Battarbee, R. W. AU - Kernan, M. AU - Wade, A. J. C6 - NIEHS DA - Feb DO - 10.1623/hysj.54.1.101 DP - CCII Web of Science IS - 1 KW - climate change water quality rivers catchments lakes estuaries ecology hydrochemistry high-mountain lakes dissolved organic-carbon multiple source assessment weser estuary region organochlorine compounds nitrogen model upland stream river kennet urban areas episodic acidification LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Times Cited: 74 Whitehead, P. G. Wilby, R. L. Battarbee, R. W. Kernan, M. Wade, A. J. Environment Agency Science Project [SC070043]; European Union [GOCE-CT-2003-505540] The views contained in this paper reflect those of the authors and are not necessarily indicative of the position held by the Environment Agency. The work was supported by Environment Agency Science Project SC070043, and the Euro-limpacs project of the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Union (GOCE-CT-2003-505540). Iahs press, inst hydrology Wallingford PY - 2009 RN - CCII Unique - Use Quosa ://WOS:000263690600009 SN - 0262-6667 SP - 101-123 ST - A review of the potential impacts of climate change on surface water quality T2 - Hydrological Sciences Journal TI - A review of the potential impacts of climate change on surface water quality VL - 54 ID - 8468 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whiteley, Andrew R. AU - Fitzpatrick, Sarah W. AU - Funk, W. Chris AU - Tallmon, David A. DA - 2015/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.tree.2014.10.009 IS - 1 KW - genetic rescue inbreeding depression outbreeding depression heterosis adaptive evolution endangered species evolutionary rescue PY - 2015 SN - 0169-5347 SP - 42-49 ST - Genetic rescue to the rescue T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution TI - Genetic rescue to the rescue VL - 30 ID - 25665 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Whitely Binder, Lara C. AU - Jurjevich, Jason R. CY - Seattle, WA and Portland, OR PB - University of Washington, Climate Impacts Group and Portland State University Population Research Center PY - 2016 SP - 31 ST - The Winds of Change? Exploring Climate Change-Driven Migration and Related Impacts in the Pacific Northwest TI - The Winds of Change? Exploring Climate Change-Driven Migration and Related Impacts in the Pacific Northwest UR - http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/18730 ID - 24811 ER - TY - JOUR AU - White-Newsome, Jalonne AU - McCormick, Sabrina AU - Sampson, Natalie AU - Buxton, Miatta AU - O'Neill, Marie AU - Gronlund, Carina AU - Catalano, Linda AU - Conlon, Kathryn AU - Parker, Edith DO - 10.3390/ijerph110201960 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 1960-1988 ST - Strategies to reduce the harmful effects of extreme heat events: A four-city study T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Strategies to reduce the harmful effects of extreme heat events: A four-city study VL - 11 ID - 26249 ER - TY - JOUR AU - White-Newsome, Jalonne Lynay DA - 2016/07/02 DO - 10.1080/00064246.2016.1188353 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SN - 0006-4246 SP - 12-26 ST - A policy approach toward climate justice T2 - The Black Scholar TI - A policy approach toward climate justice VL - 46 ID - 24093 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whitfield, Geoffrey P. AU - Meehan, Leslie A. AU - Maizlish, Neil AU - Wendel, Arthur M. DA - 2017/06/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jth.2016.06.009 PY - 2017 SN - 2214-1405 SP - 172-181 ST - The integrated transport and health impact modeling tool in Nashville, Tennessee, USA: Implementation steps and lessons learned T2 - Journal of Transport & Health TI - The integrated transport and health impact modeling tool in Nashville, Tennessee, USA: Implementation steps and lessons learned VL - 5 ID - 21146 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whitfield, P. H. DO - 10.1111/j.1753-318X.2012.01150.x IS - 4 KW - Climate change floods land use modelling PY - 2012 SN - 1753-318X SP - 336-365 ST - Floods in future climates: A review T2 - Journal of Flood Risk Management TI - Floods in future climates: A review VL - 5 ID - 21692 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Whitlock, Cathy AU - Cross, Wyatt F. AU - Maxwell, Bruce AU - Silverman, Nick AU - Wade, Alisa A. CY - Bozeman, MT DO - 10.15788/M2WW8W PB - Montana State University, Montana Institute on Ecosystems PY - 2017 SP - 269 ST - The 2017 Montana climate assessment: Stakeholder driven, science informed TI - The 2017 Montana climate assessment: Stakeholder driven, science informed ID - 25943 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whitlock, Cathy AU - Shafer, Sarah L. AU - Marlon, Jennifer DA - 2003/06/03/ DO - 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00051-3 IS - 1 KW - Fire history Charcoal records Holocene climate change Future fire conditions Western US PY - 2003 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 5-21 ST - The role of climate and vegetation change in shaping past and future fire regimes in the northwestern US and the implications for ecosystem management T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - The role of climate and vegetation change in shaping past and future fire regimes in the northwestern US and the implications for ecosystem management VL - 178 ID - 25184 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change and fire suppression have altered fire regimes globally, leading to larger, more frequent, and more severe wildfires. Responses of coldwater stream biota to single wildfires are well studied, but measured responses to consecutive wildfires in warmwater systems that often include mixed assemblages of native and nonnative taxa are lacking. We quantified changes in physical habitat, resource availability, and biomass of cold- and warmwater oligochaetes, insects, crayfish, fishes, and tadpoles following consecutive megafires (covering >100 km2) in the upper Gila River, New Mexico, USA. We were particularly interested in comparing responses of native and nonnative fishes that might have evolved under different disturbance regimes. Changes in habitat and resource availability were related to cumulative fire effects, fire size, and postfire precipitation. The 2nd of 2 consecutive wildfires in the basin was larger and, coupled with moderate postfire discharge, resulted in increased siltation and decreased algal biomass. Several insect taxa responded to these fires with reduced biomass, whereas oligochaete biomass was unaffected. Biomass of 6 of 7 native fish species decreased after the fires, and decreases were associated with site proximity to fire. Nonnative fish decreases after fire were most pronounced for coldwater salmonids, and warmwater nonnative fishes exhibited limited responses. All crayfish and tadpoles collected were nonnative and were unresponsive to fire disturbance. More pronounced responses of native insects and fishes to fires indicate that increasing fire size and frequency threatens the persistence of native fauna and suggests that management activities promoting ecosystem resilience might help ameliorate wildfire effects. AU - Whitney, James E. AU - Gido, Keith B. AU - Pilger, Tyler J. AU - Propst, David L. AU - Turner, Thomas F. DO - 10.1086/683391 IS - 4 KW - mega-fire,native fish,invasive species,macroinvertebrates,warmwater stream,disturbance, ash flows PY - 2015 SP - 1510-1526 ST - Consecutive wildfires affect stream biota in cold- and warmwater dryland river networks T2 - Freshwater Science TI - Consecutive wildfires affect stream biota in cold- and warmwater dryland river networks VL - 34 ID - 23883 ER - TY - RPRT AU - WHO CY - Geneva, Switzerland N1 - 9789241511353 PB - World Health Organization (WHO) PY - 2016 RP - 9789241511353 SP - 131 ST - Ambient Air Pollution: A Global Assessment of Exposure and Burden of Disease TI - Ambient Air Pollution: A Global Assessment of Exposure and Burden of Disease UR - http://www.who.int/phe/publications/air-pollution-global-assessment/en/ ID - 26502 ER - TY - RPRT AU - WHO/Europe CY - Copenhagen, Denmark PB - World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe PY - 2013 SP - 302 ST - Review of Evidence on Health Aspects of Air Pollution—REVIHAAP Project: Final Technical Report TI - Review of Evidence on Health Aspects of Air Pollution—REVIHAAP Project: Final Technical Report UR - http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/193108/REVIHAAP-Final-technical-report-final-version.pdf?ua=1 ID - 24221 ER - TY - RPRT AU - WHPacific CY - Anchorage, AK PB - WHPacific PY - 2012 SP - 141 ST - Alaska Energy Authority: End Use Study TI - Alaska Energy Authority: End Use Study UR - http://www.akenergyauthority.org/Efficiency/EndUse ID - 22355 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whyte, Kyle Powys C6 - NCA DA - October 2013 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0743-2 IS - 3 LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 517-530 ST - Justice forward: Tribes, climate adaptation and responsibility T2 - Climatic Change TI - Justice forward: Tribes, climate adaptation and responsibility VL - 120 ID - 15950 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whyte, Kyle Powys DO - 10.1504/IER.2014.063658 IS - 2/3 PY - 2014 SP - 114-133 ST - A concern about shifting interactions between indigenous and non-indigenous parties in US climate adaptation contexts T2 - Interdisciplinary Environmental Review TI - A concern about shifting interactions between indigenous and non-indigenous parties in US climate adaptation contexts VL - 15 ID - 21216 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whyte, Kyle Powys PY - 2016 ST - Why the Native American pipeline resistance in North Dakota is about climate justice T2 - The Conversation US: Environment + Energy TI - Why the Native American pipeline resistance in North Dakota is about climate justice UR - http://theconversation.com/why-the-native-american-pipeline-resistance-in-north-dakota-is-about-climate-justice-64714 ID - 21686 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Adamson, Joni A2 - Davis, Michael AU - Whyte, Kyle Powys C4 - 1421b069-116f-4263-a4f7-e80db0ed74bd CY - London and New York PB - Routledge Earthscan PY - 2017 SN - 978-1-138-18816-7 978-1-315-64265-9 SP - 88-105 ST - Is it colonial déjà vu? Indigenous Peoples and climate injustice T2 - Humanities for the Environment: Integrating Knowledge, Forging New Constellations of Practice TI - Is it colonial déjà vu? Indigenous Peoples and climate injustice ID - 24962 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wickham, J AU - Barnes, CA AU - Nash, MS AU - Wade, TG DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.09.012 PY - 2015 SN - 0034-4257 SP - 143-152 ST - Combining NLCD and MODIS to create a land cover-albedo database for the continental United States T2 - Remote Sensing of Environment TI - Combining NLCD and MODIS to create a land cover-albedo database for the continental United States VL - 170 ID - 22657 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wickham, J AU - Nash, MS AU - Barnes, Christopher A DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.09.005 PY - 2016 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 1-9 ST - Effect of land cover change on snow free surface albedo across the continental United States T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - Effect of land cover change on snow free surface albedo across the continental United States VL - 146 ID - 22658 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wickham, J AU - Wade, TG AU - Riitters, KH DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.05.012 PY - 2014 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 46-53 ST - An isoline separating relatively warm from relatively cool wintertime forest surface temperatures for the southeastern United States T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - An isoline separating relatively warm from relatively cool wintertime forest surface temperatures for the southeastern United States VL - 120 ID - 22659 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wickham, James D AU - Wade, Timothy G AU - Riitters, Kurt H DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.07.002 PY - 2012 SN - 0168-1923 SP - 137-143 ST - Comparison of cropland and forest surface temperatures across the conterminous United States T2 - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology TI - Comparison of cropland and forest surface temperatures across the conterminous United States VL - 166 ID - 22660 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wickham, James D AU - Wade, Timothy G AU - Riitters, Kurt H DO - 10.1111/geb.12013 IS - 5 PY - 2013 SN - 1466-8238 SP - 620-629 ST - Empirical analysis of the influence of forest extent on annual and seasonal surface temperatures for the continental United States T2 - Global Ecology and Biogeography TI - Empirical analysis of the influence of forest extent on annual and seasonal surface temperatures for the continental United States VL - 22 ID - 22661 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global mean sea levels are projected to gradually rise in response to greenhouse warming. However, on shorter time scales, modes of natural climate variability in the Pacific, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), can affect regional sea level variability and extremes, with considerable impacts on coastal ecosystems and island nations. How these shorter-term sea level fluctuations will change in association with a projected increase in extreme El Niño and its atmospheric variability remains unknown. Using present-generation coupled climate models forced with increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and subtracting the effect of global mean sea level rise, we find that climate change will enhance El Niño–related sea level extremes, especially in the tropical southwestern Pacific, where very low sea level events, locally known as Taimasa, are projected to double in occurrence. Additionally, and throughout the tropical Pacific, prolonged interannual sea level inundations are also found to become more likely with greenhouse warming and increased frequency of extreme La Niña events, thus exacerbating the coastal impacts of the projected global mean sea level rise. Using climate models forced by increasing greenhouse gases, we find a doubling in extreme sea levels in the tropical Pacific. Using climate models forced by increasing greenhouse gases, we find a doubling in extreme sea levels in the tropical Pacific. AU - Widlansky, Matthew J. AU - Timmermann, Axel AU - Cai, Wenju DA - 2015/09/01/ DO - 10.1126/sciadv.1500560 DP - advances.sciencemag.org IS - 8 KW - ENSO Pacific Ocean climate projections Sea level LA - en PY - 2015 SN - 2375-2548 SP - e1500560 ST - Future extreme sea level seesaws in the tropical Pacific T2 - Science Advances TI - Future extreme sea level seesaws in the tropical Pacific VL - 1 Y2 - 2016/01/14/00:10:13 ID - 22541 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Wiebe, Keith CY - Washington, DC NV - Agricultural Economic Report No. AER-823 PB - USDA Economic Research Service PY - 2003 SP - 60 ST - Linking Land Quality, Agricultural Productivity, and Food Security TI - Linking Land Quality, Agricultural Productivity, and Food Security UR - https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=41575 ID - 23647 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wieder, William R. AU - Cleveland, Cory C. AU - Smith, W. Kolby AU - Todd-Brown, Katherine DA - 06//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo2413 IS - 6 M3 - Letter PY - 2015 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 441-444 ST - Future productivity and carbon storage limited by terrestrial nutrient availability T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Future productivity and carbon storage limited by terrestrial nutrient availability VL - 8 ID - 20510 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wiedinmyer, Christine AU - Hurteau, Matthew D. DA - 2010/03/15 DO - 10.1021/es902455e IS - 6 PY - 2010 SN - 0013-936X SP - 1926-1932 ST - Prescribed fire as a means of reducing forest carbon emissions in the western United States T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Prescribed fire as a means of reducing forest carbon emissions in the western United States VL - 44 ID - 24224 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The states of Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming comprise the Northern Great Plains region of the USA. The soil and water resources contained in this region have historically supported highly diverse and productive agriculture enterprises that provide a significant proportion of the food, feed, and oilseed for the nation. The region also provides ecological services that influence air, water, and soil quality along with biological diversity. Combined with livestock production and a biofuel industry, crop production forms an integrated system that can offer producers flexibility in management decisions. Projected climatic changes for this region include increasing atmospheric CO2, a longer, warmer growing season, and increased precipitation, likely received in more frequent extreme events. These changes will impact soil and water resources in the region and create opportunities and challenges for land managers. The objectives of this paper are to describe anticipated impacts of projected mid-(2050) and late-(2085) climatic changes on crop production systems in the Northern Great Plains and provide adaptation strategies that should be developed to take advantage of positive and mitigate negative changes. Projected climatic changes will influence agricultural productivity directly as well as indirectly due to changes in weed pressure, insect populations, and diseases. A warmer, longer growing season will change the crops and distribution of those crops grown within the region. An increase in the number of extreme temperature events (high daytime highs or nighttime lows) will decrease crop yields due to increased plant stress during critical pollination and grain fill periods. Adaptation strategies to reduce vulnerability of soil and water resources to projected climatic changes include increasing cropping intensity, reducing tillage intensity, and use of cover crops to provide surface cover to reduce erosion potential and improve nutrient and water use efficiency. Increased use of perennial forages, crop residue, and failed crops in integrated crop-livestock systems will add biological diversity and provide options for converting vegetation biomass into animal protein. Socio-economic changes will need to be incorporated into adaptation strategies planning to insure that sustaining ecosystem services and meeting desired production and conservation goals is accomplished. Education and extension services will be needed to transfer adaptive knowledge in a timely manner to producers in the field. AU - Wienhold, Brian J. AU - Vigil, Merle F. AU - Hendrickson, John R. AU - Derner, Justin D. DA - May 23 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-1989-x IS - 1-2 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 219-230 ST - Vulnerability of crops and croplands in the US Northern Plains to predicted climate change T2 - Climatic Change TI - Vulnerability of crops and croplands in the US Northern Plains to predicted climate change VL - 146 ID - 21604 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wiens, John AU - Fargione, Joseph AU - Hill, Jason DO - 10.1890/09-0673.1 IS - 4 KW - biodiversity biofuels Conservation Reserve Program corn ethanol Henslow's Sparrow land use PY - 2011 SN - 1939-5582 SP - 1085-1095 ST - Biofuels and biodiversity T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Biofuels and biodiversity VL - 21 ID - 24458 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is an important threat to the world’s plant and animal species, including species on which humans depend. However, predicting how species will respond to future climate change is very difficult. In this study, I analyze the extinctions caused by the climate change that has already occurred. Numerous studies find that species are shifting their geographic ranges in response to climate change, typically moving to higher elevations and latitudes. These studies also contain valuable data on local extinctions, as they document the loss of populations at the “warm edge” of species’ ranges (lower elevations and latitudes). Here, I use these data to show that recent local extinctions related to climate change have already occurred in hundreds of species around the world. Specifically, among 976 species surveyed, local extinctions occurred in 47%. These extinctions are common across climatic zones, habitats, and groups of organisms but are especially common in tropical regions (which contain most of Earth’s species), in animals (relative to plants), and in freshwater habitats. In summary, this study reveals local extinctions in hundreds of species related to the limited global warming that has already occurred. These extinctions will almost certainly increase as global climate continues to warm in the coming decades. AU - Wiens, John J. DO - 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001104 IS - 12 PY - 2016 SP - e2001104 ST - Climate-related local extinctions are already widespread among plant and animal species T2 - PLOS Biology TI - Climate-related local extinctions are already widespread among plant and animal species VL - 14 ID - 23470 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sea level rise is causing shoreline erosion, increased coastal flooding, and marsh vulnerability to the impact of storms. Coastal marshes provide flood abatement, carbon and nutrient sequestration, water quality maintenance, and habitat for fish, shellfish, and wildlife, including species of concern, such as the saltmarsh sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus). We present a climate change adaptation strategy (CCAS) adopted by scientific, management, and policy stakeholders for managing coastal marshes and enhancing system resiliency. A common adaptive management approach previously used for restoration projects was modified to identify climate-related vulnerabilities and plan climate change adaptive actions. As an example of implementation of the CCAS, we describe the stakeholder plans and management actions the US Fish and Wildlife Service and partners developed to build coastal resiliency in the Narrow River Estuary, RI, in the aftermath of Superstorm Sandy. When possible, an experimental BACI (before-after, control-impact) design, described as pre- and post-sampling at the impact site and one or more control sites, was incorporated into the climate change adaptation and implementation plans. Specific climate change adaptive actions and monitoring plans are described and include shoreline stabilization, restoring marsh drainage, increasing marsh elevation, and enabling upland marsh migration. The CCAS provides a framework and methodology for successfully managing coastal systems faced with deteriorating habitat, accelerated sea level rise, and changes in precipitation and storm patterns. AU - Wigand, Cathleen AU - Ardito, Thomas AU - Chaffee, Caitlin AU - Ferguson, Wenley AU - Paton, Suzanne AU - Raposa, Kenneth AU - Vandemoer, Charles AU - Watson, Elizabeth DA - May 01 DO - 10.1007/s12237-015-0003-y IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1559-2731 SP - 682-693 ST - A climate change adaptation strategy for management of coastal marsh systems T2 - Estuaries and Coasts TI - A climate change adaptation strategy for management of coastal marsh systems VL - 40 ID - 24154 ER - TY - CONF AU - WIHAH CY - Anchorage, AK DA - September 18-21 M1 - August, 2017 PB - Arctic Council PY - 2017 SP - 99 ST - 2016 Water Innovations for Healthy Arctic Homes (WIHAH) Conference TI - 2016 Water Innovations for Healthy Arctic Homes (WIHAH) Conference UR - http://wihah2016.com/wp-content/themes/wihah/files/2016WIHAHproceedings.pdf ID - 22330 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Wilbanks, Thomas J. AU - Wilbanks, Thomas J. AU - Bilello, D. AU - Schmalzer, D. AU - Scott, M. C4 - 66fa5de6-5f51-4d35-a6dc-ecc243575ac6 PB - Island Press PY - 2014 SN - 9781610915526 SP - 86 ST - Climate Change and Energy Supply and Use. Technical Report to the U.S. Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment TI - Climate Change and Energy Supply and Use. Technical Report to the U.S. Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment UR - https://islandpress.org/book/climate-change-and-energy-supply-and-use ID - 21391 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Wilbanks, Thomas J. AU - Fernandez, Steven CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2014 SN - 9781610915540 SP - 108 ST - Climate Change and Infrastructure, Urban Systems, and Vulnerabilities T2 - Technical Report to the U.S. Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment TI - Climate Change and Infrastructure, Urban Systems, and Vulnerabilities UR - https://islandpress.org/book/climate-change-and-infrastructure-urban-systems-and-vulnerabilities ID - 21390 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wilcove, David S. AU - Rothstein, David AU - Dubow, Jason AU - Phillips, Ali AU - Losos, Elizabeth DO - 10.2307/1313420 IS - 8 PY - 1998 SN - 0006-3568 SP - 607-615 ST - Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States: Assessing the relative importance of habitat destruction, alien species, pollution, overexploitation, and disease T2 - BioScience TI - Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States: Assessing the relative importance of habitat destruction, alien species, pollution, overexploitation, and disease VL - 48 ID - 25663 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Wildcat, D.R. C4 - 056c2684-cb89-4470-80ed-ccc79acec1ab CY - Golden, CO PB - Fulcrum Publishing PY - 2009 SN - 1458778045 SP - 148 ST - Red Alert!: Saving the Planet with Indigenous Knowledge TI - Red Alert!: Saving the Planet with Indigenous Knowledge ID - 15962 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Maldonado, Julie Koppel A2 - Colombi, Benedict A2 - Pandya, Rajul AB - This special issue of Climatic Change, dedicated to the examination of impacts of climate change on indigenous peoples and their homelands, and proposed strategies of adaptation, constitutes a compelling and timely report on what is happening in Native homelands and communities. Indigenous peoples and marginalized populations are particularly exposed and sensitive to climate change impacts due to their resource-based livelihoods and the location of their homes in vulnerable environments. AU - Wildcat, Daniel R. C4 - 1dd3d472-0bf3-4fa6-8b2b-2f62745680b5 CY - Cham DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-05266-3_1 PB - Springer International Publishing PY - 2014 SN - 978-3-319-05266-3 SP - 1-7 ST - Introduction: Climate change and indigenous peoples of the USA T2 - Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States: Impacts, Experiences and Actions TI - Introduction: Climate change and indigenous peoples of the USA ID - 23884 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Garfin, G. A2 - Jardine, A. A2 - Merideth, R. A2 - Black, Mary A2 - LeRoy, Sarah AU - Wilder, M. AU - Garfin, G. AU - Ganster, P. AU - Eakin, H. AU - Romero-Lankao, P. AU - Lara-Valencia, F. AU - Cortez-Lara, A. A. AU - Mumme, S. AU - Neri, C. AU - Muñoz-Arriola, F. C4 - 143f2380-6a22-4149-a682-c10c62615d69 CY - Washington, DC PB - Island Press PY - 2013 SE - 16 SN - 9781610914468 SP - 340–384 ST - Climate change and U.S.-Mexico border communities T2 - Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States: A Report Prepared for the National Climate Assessment TI - Climate change and U.S.-Mexico border communities UR - http://swccar.org/sites/all/themes/files/SW-NCA-color-FINALweb.pdf ID - 15963 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wilder, Margaret AU - Liverman, Diana AU - Bellante, Laurel AU - Osborne, Tracey DA - 2016/11/01 DO - 10.1080/13549839.2015.1116063 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SN - 1354-9839 SP - 1332-1353 ST - Southwest climate gap: Poverty and environmental justice in the US Southwest T2 - Local Environment TI - Southwest climate gap: Poverty and environmental justice in the US Southwest VL - 21 ID - 23885 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - King, Brian A2 - Crews, Kelley A. AU - Wilhelmi, Olga AU - De Sherbinin, Alex AU - Hayden, Mary C4 - d8c02480-fd9d-40a0-96e2-8432fc460329 CY - Oxon, UK and New York NY PB - Routledge PY - 2013 SE - 12 SN - 978-0-415-59066-2 SP - 219-238 ST - Exposure to heat stress in urban environments SV - Routledge Studies in Human Geography 41 T2 - Ecologies and Politics of Health TI - Exposure to heat stress in urban environments ID - 23899 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wilhere, George F. AU - Atha, Jane B. AU - Quinn, Timothy AU - Tohver, Ingrid AU - Helbrecht, Lynn DA - 2017/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.04.009 KW - Climate change Fish passage Culvert Water crossing Bankfull width Environmental risk PY - 2017 SN - 0925-8574 SP - 67-79 ST - Incorporating climate change into culvert design in Washington State, USA T2 - Ecological Engineering TI - Incorporating climate change into culvert design in Washington State, USA VL - 104 ID - 24615 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Wilhite, Donald AU - Morrow, Kimberly CY - Lincoln, NE N1 - ISBN: 1-56161-055-0 ISBN-13: 978-1-56161-055-6 PB - University of Nebraska, School of Natural Resources PY - 2016 RP - ISBN: 1-56161-055-0 ISBN-13: 978-1-56161-055-6 SP - 55 ST - The Implications of Climate Change for Nebraska: Summary Report of Sector-Based Roundtable Discussions TI - The Implications of Climate Change for Nebraska: Summary Report of Sector-Based Roundtable Discussions UR - http://snr.unl.edu/download/research/projects/climateimpacts/roundtable2015/2015ClimateRoundtableReport_FINAL.pdf ID - 25944 ER - TY - EBOOK AU - Wilhite, Donald A. AU - Pulwarty, Roger S. C4 - 5f53e4da-fd10-4c8d-8bc6-bcbc50c16c87 CY - Boca Raton, FL ET - 2nd PB - Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press PY - 2017 SN - 9781138035645 SP - 582 T3 - Drought and Water Crises TI - Drought and Water Crises: Integrating Science, Management, and Policy ID - 26476 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Wilkins, David E. AU - Stark, Heidi Kiiwetinepinesiik C4 - d6e250e8-afd8-445b-b6a3-b5252bb1ef55 CY - Lanham, MD ET - 4th PB - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers PY - 2017 SN - 9781442252646 SP - 309 ST - American Indian Politics and the American Political System T2 - Spectrum Series: Race and Ethnicity in National and Global Politics TI - American Indian Politics and the American Political System ID - 23233 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Wilkinson, Emily CY - London, UK PB - Overseas Development Institute PY - 2018 SP - 6 ST - Towards a More Resilient Caribbean After the 2017 Hurricanes. Report From Roundtable Discussions, 30 January 2018 TI - Towards a More Resilient Caribbean After the 2017 Hurricanes. Report From Roundtable Discussions, 30 January 2018 UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/11076-towards-more-resilient-caribbean-after-2017-hurricanes ID - 26439 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Will, Rodney E. AU - Wilson, Stuart M. AU - Zou, Chris B. AU - Hennessey, Thomas C. DO - 10.1111/nph.12321 IS - 2 KW - drought mortality seedlings transpiration vapor pressure deficit (VPD) water potential PY - 2013 SN - 1469-8137 SP - 366-374 ST - Increased vapor pressure deficit due to higher temperature leads to greater transpiration and faster mortality during drought for tree seedlings common to the forest–grassland ecotone T2 - New Phytologist TI - Increased vapor pressure deficit due to higher temperature leads to greater transpiration and faster mortality during drought for tree seedlings common to the forest–grassland ecotone VL - 200 ID - 21193 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Water vapour is the most important contributor to the natural greenhouse effect, and the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere is expected to increase under conditions of greenhouse-gas-induced warming, leading to a significant feedback on anthropogenic climate change(1-3). Theoretical and modelling studies predict that relative humidity will remain approximately constant at the global scale as the climate warms, leading to an increase in specific humidity(1,4,5). Although significant increases in surface specific humidity have been identified in several regions(6-9), and on the global scale in non-homogenized data(10), it has not been shown whether these changes are due to natural or human influences on climate. Here we use a new quality-controlled and homogenized gridded observational data set of surface humidity, with output from a coupled climate model, to identify and explore the causes of changes in surface specific humidity over the late twentieth century. We identify a significant global-scale increase in surface specific humidity that is attributable mainly to human influence. Specific humidity is found to have increased in response to rising temperatures, with relative humidity remaining approximately constant. These changes may have important implications, because atmospheric humidity is a key variable in determining the geographical distribution(11-13) and maximum intensity(14) of precipitation, the potential maximum intensity of tropical cyclones(15), and human heat stress(16), and has important effects on the biosphere(17) and surface hydrology(17,18). AD - Gillett, NP (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England; Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England; Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England AN - 35 AU - Willett, K.M. AU - Gillett, N.P. AU - Jones, P.D. AU - Thorne, P.W. C6 - NCA DA - OCT 11 2007 DO - 10.1038/nature06207 IS - 7163 KW - RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; CLIMATOLOGY; MODEL; VARIABILITY; ICOADS; CYCLE LA - English PY - 2007 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 710-712 ST - Attribution of observed surface humidity changes to human influence T2 - Nature TI - Attribution of observed surface humidity changes to human influence VL - 449 ID - 15970 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williams, A Park AU - Abatzoglou, John T DO - 10.1007/s40641-016-0031-0 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 2198-6061 SP - 1-14 ST - Recent advances and remaining uncertainties in resolving past and future climate effects on global fire activity T2 - Current Climate Change Reports TI - Recent advances and remaining uncertainties in resolving past and future climate effects on global fire activity VL - 2 ID - 22662 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williams, A.P. AU - Allen, C.D. AU - Macalady, A.K. AU - Griffin, D. AU - Woodhouse, C.A. AU - Meko, D.M. AU - Swetnam, T.W. AU - Rauscher, S.A. AU - Seager, R. AU - Grissino-Mayer, H.D. AU - Dean, J.S. AU - Cook, E.R. AU - Gangodagamage, C. AU - Cai, M. AU - McDowell, N.G. C6 - NCA DA - March 2013 DO - 10.1038/nclimate1693 IS - 3 PY - 2013 RN - http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v3/n3/pdf/nclimate1693.pdf SN - 1758-678X SP - 292-297 ST - Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality VL - 3 ID - 15972 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williams, A.P. AU - Allen, C.D. AU - Millar, C.I. AU - Swetnam, T.W. AU - Michaelsen, J. AU - Still, C.J. AU - Leavitt, S.W. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1073/pnas.0914211107 IS - 50 PY - 2010 RN - http://www.pnas.org/content/107/50/21289.full SN - 0027-8424 SP - 21289-21294 ST - Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States VL - 107 ID - 15973 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williams, A. Park AU - Seager, Richard AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Cook, Benjamin I. AU - Smerdon, Jason E. AU - Cook, Edward R. DO - 10.1002/2015GL064924 IS - 16 KW - drought California warming potential evapotranspiration climate change attribution Palmer Drought Severity Index 1630 Impacts of global change 1812 Drought 1843 Land/atmosphere interactions 1866 Soil moisture 4313 Extreme events PY - 2015 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 6819-6828 ST - Contribution of anthropogenic warming to California drought during 2012–2014 T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Contribution of anthropogenic warming to California drought during 2012–2014 VL - 42 ID - 19585 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In 2011, exceptionally low atmospheric moisture content combined with moderately high temperatures to produce a record-high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in the southwestern United States (SW). These conditions combined with record-low cold-season precipitation to cause widespread drought and extreme wildfires. Although interannual VPD variability is generally dominated by temperature, high VPD in 2011 was also driven by a lack of atmospheric moisture. The May–July 2011 dewpoint in the SW was 4.5 standard deviations below the long-term mean. Lack of atmospheric moisture was promoted by already very dry soils and amplified by a strong ocean-to-continent sea level pressure gradient and upper-level convergence that drove dry northerly winds and subsidence upwind of and over the SW. Subsidence drove divergence of rapid and dry surface winds over the SW, suppressing southerly moisture imports and removing moisture from already dry soils. Model projections developed for the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) suggest that by the 2050s warming trends will cause mean warm-season VPD to be comparable to the record-high VPD observed in 2011. CMIP5 projections also suggest increased interannual variability of VPD, independent of trends in background mean levels, as a result of increased variability of dewpoint, temperature, vapor pressure, and saturation vapor pressure. Increased variability in VPD translates to increased probability of 2011-type VPD anomalies, which would be superimposed on ever-greater background VPD levels. Although temperature will continue to be the primary driver of interannual VPD variability, 2011 served as an important reminder that atmospheric moisture content can also drive impactful VPD anomalies. AU - Williams, A. Park AU - Seager, Richard AU - Berkelhammer, Max AU - Macalady, Alison K. AU - Crimmins, Michael A. AU - Swetnam, Thomas W. AU - Trugman, Anna T. AU - Buenning, Nikolaus AU - Hryniw, Natalia AU - McDowell, Nate G. AU - Noone, David AU - Mora, Claudia I. AU - Rahn, Thom DO - 10.1175/jamc-d-14-0053.1 IS - 12 KW - Atmospheric circulation,Vegetation-atmosphere interactions,Drought,Wildfires PY - 2014 SP - 2671-2684 ST - Causes and implications of extreme atmospheric moisture demand during the record-breaking 2011 wildfire season in the southwestern United States T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - Causes and implications of extreme atmospheric moisture demand during the record-breaking 2011 wildfire season in the southwestern United States VL - 53 ID - 23328 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williams, Christopher A. AU - Gu, Huan AU - MacLean, Richard AU - Masek, Jeffrey G. AU - Collatz, G. James DA - 8// DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.06.002 KW - Forest ecology and management Carbon sequestration Climate change Global environmental change Carbon balance and management PY - 2016 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 66-80 ST - Disturbance and the carbon balance of US forests: A quantitative review of impacts from harvests, fires, insects, and droughts T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - Disturbance and the carbon balance of US forests: A quantitative review of impacts from harvests, fires, insects, and droughts VL - 143 ID - 21941 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williams, Caroline M. AU - Henry, Hugh A. L. AU - Sinclair, Brent J. DO - 10.1111/brv.12105 IS - 1 KW - snow frost cold extreme events average temperatures freeze-thaw cycles sub-lethal impacts energetics hibernation PY - 2015 SN - 1469-185X SP - 214-235 ST - Cold truths: How winter drives responses of terrestrial organisms to climate change T2 - Biological Reviews TI - Cold truths: How winter drives responses of terrestrial organisms to climate change VL - 90 ID - 24390 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williams, John W. AU - Jackson, Stephen T. DO - 10.1890/070037 IS - 9 PY - 2007 SN - 1540-9309 SP - 475-482 ST - Novel climates, no-analog communities, and ecological surprises T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment TI - Novel climates, no-analog communities, and ecological surprises VL - 5 ID - 23471 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williams, John W. AU - Shuman, Bryan N. AU - Webb, Thompson AU - Bartlein, Patrick J. AU - Leduc, Phillip L. DO - 10.1890/02-4045 IS - 2 KW - biome maps biome reconstruction, pollen-based fossil pollen data North America, vegetation history paleoecology plant functional types Quaternary vegetation dynamics vegetation history PY - 2004 SN - 1557-7015 SP - 309-334 ST - Late-quaternary vegetation dynamics in North America: Scaling from taxa to biomes T2 - Ecological Monographs TI - Late-quaternary vegetation dynamics in North America: Scaling from taxa to biomes VL - 74 ID - 24391 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williams, Kimberlyn AU - Ewel, Katherine C. AU - Stumpf, Richard P. AU - Putz, Francis E. AU - Workman, Thomas W. DO - 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2045:SLRACF]2.0.CO;2 IS - 6 KW - flooding stress Florida, USA, west coast forest retreat, coastal global warming and sea-level rise groundwater salinity limestone coasts relict stands Sabal palmetto sea-level rise seedling survival soil redox potential PY - 1999 SN - 1939-9170 SP - 2045-2063 ST - Sea-level rise and coastal forest retreat on the West Coast of Florida, USA T2 - Ecology TI - Sea-level rise and coastal forest retreat on the West Coast of Florida, USA VL - 80 ID - 24392 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Williams, Kimberlyn AU - Pinzon, Z. S. AU - Stumpf, R. P. AU - Raabe, E. A. CY - St. Petersburg, FL LA - English M3 - Report NV - Open-File Report 99-441 PB - U.S. Geological Survey, Center for Coastal Geology PY - 1999 SP - various ST - Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Forests on the Gulf of Mexico TI - Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Forests on the Gulf of Mexico UR - http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr99441 ID - 24399 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Traditional knowledge is increasingly recognized as valuable for adaptation to climate change, bringing scientists and indigenous peoples together to collaborate and exchange knowledge. These partnerships can benefit both researchers and indigenous peoples through mutual learning and mutual knowledge generation. Despite these benefits, most descriptions focus on the social contexts of exchange. The implications of the multiple cultural, legal, risk-benefit and governance contexts of knowledge exchange have been less recognized. The failure to consider these contexts of knowledge exchange can result in the promotion of benefits while failing to adequately address adverse consequences. The purpose of this article is to promote awareness of these issues to encourage their wider incorporation into research, policy, measures to implement free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) and the development of equitable adaptation partnerships between indigenous peoples and researchers. AU - Williams, Terry AU - Hardison, Preston DA - 2013/10/01/ DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0850-0 DP - link.springer.com IS - 3 LA - en PY - 2013 SN - 0165-0009, 1573-1480 SP - 531-544 ST - Culture, law, risk and governance: Contexts of traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation T2 - Climatic Change TI - Culture, law, risk and governance: Contexts of traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation VL - 120 Y2 - 2017/09/25/23:54:29 ID - 22542 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williamson, Tim AU - Hesseln, Hayley AU - Johnston, Mark DA - 2012/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2010.04.003 KW - Climate change Vulnerability Economic efficiency Equity Adaptive capacity Adaptive capacity deficit Market failure Irrational behaviour Institutional failure Economic systems PY - 2012 SN - 1389-9341 SP - 160-166 ST - Adaptive capacity deficits and adaptive capacity of economic systems in climate change vulnerability assessment T2 - Forest Policy and Economics TI - Adaptive capacity deficits and adaptive capacity of economic systems in climate change vulnerability assessment VL - 15 ID - 23589 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williamson, Tim B. AU - Nelson, Harry W. DA - 2017/12/01 DO - 10.1139/cjfr-2017-0252 IS - 12 PY - 2017 SN - 0045-5067 SP - 1567-1576 ST - Barriers to enhanced and integrated climate change adaptation and mitigation in Canadian forest management T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research TI - Barriers to enhanced and integrated climate change adaptation and mitigation in Canadian forest management VL - 47 Y2 - 2018/04/20 ID - 25185 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Williams-Rajee, Desiree AU - Evans, Taren CY - Portland, OR PB - City of Portland and Multnomah County Climate Action Plan Project Team PY - 2016 SP - 19 ST - Climate Action Through Equity TI - Climate Action Through Equity UR - https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/article/583501 ID - 26522 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Willis, Henry H. AU - Loa, Kathleen CY - Santa Monica, CA PB - RAND Corporation PY - 2015 SN - RR-883-DOE SP - 38 ST - Measuring the Resilience of Energy Distribution Systems TI - Measuring the Resilience of Energy Distribution Systems UR - https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR883.html ID - 23058 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Willliams, Thomas H. AU - Spence, Brian C. AU - Boughton, David A. AU - Johnson, Rachel C. AU - Crozier, Lisa G. AU - Mantua, Nathan J. AU - O’Farrell, Michael R. AU - Lindley, Steven T. CY - La Jolla, CA DO - 10.7289/V5/TM-SWFSC-564 PB - NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service PY - 2016 SN - NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-564 SP - 152 ST - Viability Assessment for Pacific Salmon and Steelhead Listed Under the Endangered Species Act: Southwest TI - Viability Assessment for Pacific Salmon and Steelhead Listed Under the Endangered Species Act: Southwest ID - 26395 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to alter the distribution of ambient ozone levels and temperatures which, in turn, may impact public health. Much research has focused on the effect of short-term ozone exposures on mortality and morbidity while controlling for temperature as a confounder, but less is known about the joint effects of ozone and temperature. The extent of the health effects of changing ozone levels and temperatures will depend on whether these effects are additive or synergistic. In this paper we propose a spatial, semi-parametric model to estimate the joint ozone-temperature risk surfaces in 95 US urban areas. Our methodology restricts the ozone-temperature risk surfaces to be monotone in ozone and allows for both nonadditive and nonlinear effects of ozone and temperature. We use data from the National Mortality and Morbidity Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS) and show that the proposed model fits the data better than additive linear and nonlinear models. We then examine the synergistic effect of ozone and temperature both nationally and locally and find evidence of a nonlinear ozone effect and an ozone-temperature interaction at higher temperatures and ozone concentrations. AU - Wilson, Ander AU - Rappold, Ana G. AU - Neas, Lucas M. AU - Reich, Brian J. DA - 2014/09 DO - 10.1214/14-AOAS754 IS - 3 KW - Air pollution monotone regression mortality ozone-temperature interaction semi-parametric regression spatial modeling LA - en PY - 2014 SN - 1932-6157 SP - 1728-1749 ST - Modeling the effect of temperature on ozone-related mortality T2 - Annals of Applied Statistics TI - Modeling the effect of temperature on ozone-related mortality VL - 8 ID - 24223 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wilson, Ander AU - Reich, Brian J. AU - Nolte, Christopher G. AU - Spero, Tanya L. AU - Hubbell, Bryan AU - Rappold, Ana G. DA - 03/23/online DO - 10.1038/jes.2016.14 M3 - Original Article PY - 2017 SP - 118-124 ST - Climate change impacts on projections of excess mortality at 2030 using spatially varying ozone–temperature risk surfaces T2 - Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology TI - Climate change impacts on projections of excess mortality at 2030 using spatially varying ozone–temperature risk surfaces VL - 27 ID - 26250 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Wilson, Jill H. CY - Washington, DC PB - Congressional Research Service PY - 2018 SN - RS20844 SP - 15 ST - Temporary Protected Status: Overview and Current Issues TI - Temporary Protected Status: Overview and Current Issues UR - https://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RS20844.pdf ID - 26734 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wilson, Nicole J. DO - 10.1007/s10745-013-9619-3 PY - 2014 SP - 87-101 ST - The politics of adaptation: Subsistence livelihoods and vulnerability to climate change in the Koyukon Athabascan Village of Ruby, Alaska T2 - Human Ecology TI - The politics of adaptation: Subsistence livelihoods and vulnerability to climate change in the Koyukon Athabascan Village of Ruby, Alaska VL - 42 ID - 22331 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Wilson, Rich C4 - c527429c-5661-477a-a6f4-1690355bcbd5 CY - UK PB - Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme PY - 2017 SP - 60-82 ST - Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems in the coastal and marine environments of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) T2 - CME Caribbean Marine Climate Change Report Card 2017: Science Review 2017 TI - Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems in the coastal and marine environments of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) UR - https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/commonwealth-marine-economies-cme-programme-caribbean-marine-climate-change-report-card-scientific-reviews ID - 25243 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wilson, Tamara S AU - Sleeter, Benjamin M AU - Cameron, D Richard DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/5/054018 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 054018 ST - Future land-use related water demand in California T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Future land-use related water demand in California VL - 11 ID - 22663 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Phytoplankton are at the base of aquatic food webs and of global importance for ecosystem functioning and services. The dynamics of these photosynthetic cells are linked to annual fluctuations of temperature, water column mixing, resource availability, and consumption. Climate can modify these environmental factors and alter phytoplankton structure, seasonal dynamics, and taxonomic composition. Here, we review mechanistic links between climate alterations and factors limiting primary production, and highlight studies where climate change has had a clear impact on phytoplankton processes. Climate affects phytoplankton both directly through physiology and indirectly by changing water column stratification and resource availability, mainly nutrients and light, or intensified grazing by heterotrophs. These modifications affect various phytoplankton processes, and a widespread advance in phytoplankton spring bloom timing and changing bloom magnitudes have both been observed. Climate warming also affects phytoplankton species composition and size structure, and favors species traits best adapted to changing conditions associated with climate change. Shifts in phytoplankton can have far-reaching consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning. An improved understanding of the mechanistic links between climate and phytoplankton dynamics is important for predicting climate change impacts on aquatic ecosystems. AU - Winder, Monika AU - Sommer, Ulrich DA - November 01 DO - 10.1007/s10750-012-1149-2 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2012 SN - 1573-5117 SP - 5-16 ST - Phytoplankton response to a changing climate T2 - Hydrobiologia TI - Phytoplankton response to a changing climate VL - 698 ID - 25531 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Past attempts to estimate rainfall-driven flood risk across the US either have incomplete coverage, coarse resolution or use overly simplified models of the flooding process. In this paper, we use a new 30 m resolution model of the entire conterminous US with a 2D representation of flood physics to produce estimates of flood hazard, which match to within 90% accuracy the skill of local models built with detailed data. These flood depths are combined with exposure datasets of commensurate resolution to calculate current and future flood risk. Our data show that the total US population exposed to serious flooding is 2.6–3.1 times higher than previous estimates, and that nearly 41 million Americans live within the 1% annual exceedance probability floodplain (compared to only 13 million when calculated using FEMA flood maps). We find that population and GDP growth alone are expected to lead to significant future increases in exposure, and this change may be exacerbated in the future by climate change. AU - Wing, Oliver E. J. AU - Bates, Paul D. AU - Smith, Andrew M. AU - Sampson, Christopher C. AU - Johnson, Kris A. AU - Fargione, Joseph AU - Morefield, Philip DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aaac65 IS - 3 PY - 2018 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 034023 ST - Estimates of present and future flood risk in the conterminous United States T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Estimates of present and future flood risk in the conterminous United States VL - 13 ID - 26620 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Winguth, Arne AU - Lee, Jun Hak AU - Ko, Yekang CY - Arlington, TX, and Washington, DC PB - North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) and Federal Highway Administration PY - 2015 SP - 53 ST - Climate Change/Extreme Weather Vulnerability and Risk Assessment For Transportation Infrastructure in Dallas and Tarrant Counties TI - Climate Change/Extreme Weather Vulnerability and Risk Assessment For Transportation Infrastructure in Dallas and Tarrant Counties UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/pilots/2013-2015_pilots/nctcog/final_report/index.cfm ID - 24567 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Hourly surface temperature differences between Dallas–Fort Worth, Texas, metropolitan and rural sites have been used to calculate the urban heat island from 2001 to 2011. The heat island peaked after sunset and was particularly strong during the drought and heat wave in July 2011, reaching a single-day instantaneous maximum value of 5.4°C and a monthly mean maximum of 3.4°C, as compared with the 2001–11 July average of 2.4°C. This severe drought caused faster warming of rural locations relative to the metropolitan area in the morning as a result of lower soil moisture content, which led to an average negative heat island in July 2011 of −2.3°C at 1100 central standard time. The ground-based assessment of canopy air temperature at screening level has been supported by a remotely sensed surface estimate from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the Terra satellite, highlighting a dual-peak maximum heat island in the major city centers of Dallas and Fort Worth. Both ground-based and remotely sensed spatial analyses of the maximum heat island indicate a northwest shift, the result of southeast winds in July 2011 of ~2 m s−1 on average. There was an overall positive trend in the urban heat island of 0.14°C decade−1 in the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area from 2001 to 2011, due to rapid urbanization. Superimposed on this trend are significant interannual and decadal variations that influence the urban climate. AU - Winguth, A. M. E. AU - Kelp, B. DO - 10.1175/jamc-d-12-0195.1 IS - 11 KW - North America,Climate change,In situ atmospheric observations,Remote sensing,Urban meteorology PY - 2013 SP - 2418-2433 ST - The urban heat island of the north-central Texas region and its relation to the 2011 severe Texas drought T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - The urban heat island of the north-central Texas region and its relation to the 2011 severe Texas drought VL - 52 ID - 23275 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Winter, Mary AU - Foster, Cliff CY - Greenwood Village, CO PB - CoBank Knowledge Exchange Division PY - 2014 SP - 13 ST - Ogallala Aquifer—Lifeblood of the High Plains. Part I: Withdrawals Exceed Recharge TI - Ogallala Aquifer—Lifeblood of the High Plains. Part I: Withdrawals Exceed Recharge UR - http://aquadoc.typepad.com/files/ke_ogallalaaquifer_reportpt1-oct2014.pdf ID - 23293 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Winters, Brad A. AU - Angel, Jim AU - Ballerine, Clayton AU - Byard, Jennifer AU - Flegel, Amanda AU - Gambill, Daniel AU - Jenkins, Emily AU - McConkey, Sally AU - Markus, Momcilo AU - Bender, Bruce A. AU - O’Toole, Molly J. CY - Springfield, IL PB - Illinois Department of Natural Resources PY - 2015 SP - 89 ST - Report for the Urban Flooding Awareness Act TI - Report for the Urban Flooding Awareness Act UR - https://www.dnr.illinois.gov/WaterResources/Documents/Final_UFAA_Report.pdf ID - 21244 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Wisconsin Climate and Health Program CY - Madison, WI PB - Wisconsin Department of Health Services PY - 2015 SN - P-00709 SP - 2 ST - Understanding the Link Between Climate and Health TI - Understanding the Link Between Climate and Health UR - https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/p0/p00709.pdf ID - 26622 ER - TY - PRESS AU - Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute CY - Madison, WI PB - University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute PY - 2013 ST - Great Lakes and Wisconsin Water Facts: Great Lakes and Fresh Water TI - Great Lakes and Wisconsin Water Facts: Great Lakes and Fresh Water UR - http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/Home/AboutUsSection/PressRoom/Details.aspx?PostID=796 ID - 21286 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Wise, Ryan AU - Bolinger, Mark CY - Washington, DC PB - DOE, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy PY - 2017 SP - 82 ST - 2016 Wind Technologies Market Report TI - 2016 Wind Technologies Market Report UR - https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/10/f37/2016_Wind_Technologies_Market_Report_101317.pdf ID - 25447 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Wise, Scott CY - Richmond, VA DA - September 8 PY - 2017 ST - Virginia Governor declares state of emergency ahead of Hurricane Irma T2 - WTVR (CBS Affiliate) TI - Virginia Governor declares state of emergency ahead of Hurricane Irma UR - https://wtvr.com/2017/09/08/hurricane-irma-virginia-state-of-emergency/ ID - 26303 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Wiseman, John AU - Bigg, Che AU - Rickards, Lauren AU - Edwards, Taegen CY - Carlton, Australia N1 - ISBN: 978 0 7340 4423 5 NV - VCCCAR Publication 03/2011 PB - Victoria Centre for Climate Adaptation Research (VICCAR) PY - 2011 RP - ISBN: 978 0 7340 4423 5 SP - 76 ST - Scenarios For Climate Adaptation: Guidebook For Practitioners TI - Scenarios For Climate Adaptation: Guidebook For Practitioners UR - http://www.vcccar.org.au/publication/research-paper/scenarios-for-climate-adaptation-guidebook-for-practitioners ID - 25664 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) exist in 29 US states and the District of Columbia. This article summarizes the first national-level, integrated assessment of the future costs and benefits of existing RPS policies; the same metrics are evaluated under a second scenario in which widespread expansion of these policies is assumed to occur. Depending on assumptions about renewable energy technology advancement and natural gas prices, existing RPS policies increase electric system costs by as much as $31 billion, on a present-value basis over 2015−2050. The expanded renewable deployment scenario yields incremental costs that range from $23 billion to $194 billion, depending on the assumptions employed. The monetized value of improved air quality and reduced climate damages exceed these costs. Using central assumptions, existing RPS policies yield $97 billion in air-pollution health benefits and $161 billion in climate damage reductions. Under the expanded RPS case, health benefits total $558 billion and climate benefits equal $599 billion. These scenarios also yield benefits in the form of reduced water use. RPS programs are not likely to represent the most cost effective path towards achieving air quality and climate benefits. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that US RPS programs are, on a national basis, cost effective when considering externalities. AU - Wiser, Ryan AU - Mai, Trieu AU - Millstein, Dev AU - Barbose, Galen AU - Bird, Lori AU - Heeter, Jenny AU - Keyser, David AU - Krishnan, Venkat AU - Macknick, Jordan DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa87bd IS - 9 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 094023 ST - Assessing the costs and benefits of US renewable portfolio standards T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Assessing the costs and benefits of US renewable portfolio standards VL - 12 ID - 25208 ER - TY - BLOG A2 - Circulator Editorial Staff AU - Wisler, Emily CY - Corvallis, OR M1 - June 22 PB - Oregon State University, Pacific Northwest Climate Impacts Research Consortium (CIRC) PY - 2016 ST - Drought & Oregon's outdoor recreation T2 - The Climate CIRCulator TI - Drought & Oregon's outdoor recreation UR - https://climatecirculatororg.wordpress.com/2016/06/22/drought-and-oregons-outdoor-recreation/ ID - 24812 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Witham, Claire AU - Manning, Alistair DA - 2007/12/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.058 IS - 37 KW - Smoke Atmospheric dispersion modelling Forest fires Long-range transport Pollution PY - 2007 SN - 1352-2310 SP - 8075-8090 ST - Impacts of Russian biomass burning on UK air quality T2 - Atmospheric Environment TI - Impacts of Russian biomass burning on UK air quality VL - 41 ID - 24222 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Withen, Patrick DO - 10.2190/NS.24.4.i IS - 4 PY - 2015 SP - 577-584 ST - Climate change and wildland firefighter health and safety T2 - New Solutions: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy TI - Climate change and wildland firefighter health and safety VL - 24 ID - 21940 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Witherell, David AU - Armstrong, Jim CY - Anchorage, AK PB - North Pacific Fishery Management Council PY - 2015 SP - 57 ST - Groundfish Species Profiles TI - Groundfish Species Profiles UR - https://www.npfmc.org/wp-content/PDFdocuments/resources/SpeciesProfiles2015.pdf ID - 22265 ER - TY - NEWS AU - Withycombe, Claire CY - Salem, OR DA - November 14 PY - 2017 ST - Officials seek state help for businesses impacted by fire T2 - Capital Press (The West's Ag Weekly) TI - Officials seek state help for businesses impacted by fire UR - http://www.capitalpress.com/Oregon/20171114/officials-seek-state-help-for-businesses-impacted-by-fire ID - 26499 ER - TY - RPRT AU - WMO CY - Geneva, Switzerland NV - Report No. 56 PB - World Meteorological Organization PY - 2014 SP - 88 ST - Assessment for Decision-Makers: Scientific Asssessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014 T2 - World Meteorological Organization TI - Assessment for Decision-Makers: Scientific Asssessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014 UR - http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/ozone_2014/documents/ADM_2014OzoneAssessment_Final.pdf ID - 22036 ER - TY - RPRT AU - WMO CY - Geneva, Switzerland PB - World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Global Framework for Climate Services PY - 2016 ST - Regional Climate Outlook Forum TI - Regional Climate Outlook Forum UR - https://library.wmo.int/opac/doc_num.php?explnum_id=3191 ID - 22034 ER - TY - WEB AU - WMO CY - Tempe, AZ PB - World Meteorological Organization (hosted by Arizona State University) PY - 2017 ST - World Weather & Climate Extremes Archive TI - World Weather & Climate Extremes Archive UR - https://wmo.asu.edu/ ID - 23898 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wobus, Cameron AU - Small, Eric E. AU - Hosterman, Heather AU - Mills, David AU - Stein, Justin AU - Rissing, Matthew AU - Jones, Russell AU - Duckworth, Michael AU - Hall, Ronald AU - Kolian, Michael AU - Creason, Jared AU - Martinich, Jeremy DA - 2017/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.04.006 KW - Climate change Skiing Snowmobiling Snowmaking Adaptation PY - 2017 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 1-14 ST - Projected climate change impacts on skiing and snowmobiling: A case study of the United States T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - Projected climate change impacts on skiing and snowmobiling: A case study of the United States VL - 45 ID - 21625 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolch, Jennifer R. AU - Byrne, Jason AU - Newell, Joshua P. DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017 KW - added by ERG PY - 2014 SP - 234-244 ST - Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities "just green enough" T2 - Landscape and Urban Planning TI - Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities "just green enough" VL - 125 ID - 23142 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Aim The differential responses of plant species to climate change are of great interest and grave concern for scientists and conservationists. One underexploited resource for better understanding these changes are the records held by herbaria. Using these records to assess the responses of different groups of species across the entire flora of California, we sought to quantify the magnitude of species elevational shifts, to measure differences in shifts among functional groups and between native and introduced species, and to evaluate whether these shifts were related to the conservation of thermal niches. Location California. Methods To characterize these shifts in California, we used 681,609 georeferenced herbarium records to estimate mean shifts in elevational and climatic space of 4426 plant taxa. We developed and employed a statistical method to robustly analyse the data represented in these records. Results We found that 15% of all taxa in California have ranges that have shifted upward over the past century. There are significant differences between range shifts of taxa with different naturalization statuses: 12% of endemic taxa show significant upward range shifts, while a greater proportion (27%) of introduced taxa have shifted upward. We found significant differences between the proportion of significant range shifts across taxa with different seed sizes, but did not find evidence for differences in shift based on life‐form (annual versus perennial, herbaceous versus woody). Main conclusions Our analyses suggest that introduced species have disproportionately expanded their ranges upward in elevation over the past century when compared with native species. While these shifts in introduced species may not be exclusively driven by climate, they highlight the importance of considering the interacting factors of climate‐driven range shifts and invasion to understand how floras are responding in the face of anthropogenic change. AU - Wolf, Adam AU - Zimmerman, Naupaka B. AU - Anderegg, William R. L. AU - Busby, Posy E. AU - Christensen, Jon DO - 10.1111/geb.12423 IS - 4 PY - 2016 SP - 418-429 ST - Altitudinal shifts of the native and introduced flora of California in the context of 20th‐century warming T2 - Global Ecology and Biogeography TI - Altitudinal shifts of the native and introduced flora of California in the context of 20th‐century warming VL - 25 ID - 25662 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A decline in the stature and abundance of willows during the 20th century occurred throughout the northern range of Yellowstone National Park, where riparian woody‐plant communities are key components in multiple‐trophic‐level interactions. The potential causes of willow decline include climate change, increased elk browsing coincident with the loss of an apex predator, the gray wolf, and an absence of habitat engineering by beavers. The goal of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of willow establishment through the 20th century and to identify causal processes. Sampled willows established from 1917 to 1999 and contained far fewer young individuals than was predicted from a modeled stable willow population, indicating reduced establishment during recent decades. Two hydrologically distinct willow establishment environments were identified: fine‐grained beaver pond sediments and coarse‐grained alluvium. Willows established on beaver pond sediment earlier in time, higher on floodplain surfaces, and farther from the current stream channel than did willows on alluvial sediment. Significant linear declines from the 1940s to the 1990s in alluvial willow establishment elevation and lateral distance from the stream channel resulted in a much reduced area of alluvial willow establishment. Willow establishment was not well correlated with climate‐driven hydrologic variables, but the trends were consistent with the effects of stream channel incision initiated in ca. 1950, 20–30 years after beaver dam abandonment. Radiocarbon dates and floodplain stratigraphy indicate that stream incision of the present magnitude may be unprecedented in the past two millennia. We propose that hydrologic changes, stemming from competitive exclusion of beaver by elk overbrowsing, caused the landscape to transition from a historical beaver‐pond and willow‐mosaic state to its current alternative stable state where active beaver dams and many willow stands are absent. Because of hydrologic changes in streams, a rapid return to the historical state may not occur by reduction of elk browsing alone. Management intervention to restore the historical hydrologic regime may be necessary to recover willows and beavers across the landscape. AU - Wolf, Evan C. AU - Cooper, David J. AU - Hobbs, N. Thompson DO - 10.1890/06-2042.1 IS - 6 PY - 2007 SP - 1572-1587 ST - Hydrologic regime and herbivory stabilize an alternative state in Yellowstone National Park T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Hydrologic regime and herbivory stabilize an alternative state in Yellowstone National Park VL - 17 ID - 25279 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolf, J. AU - O’Neill, N.R. Rogers, C.A. AU - Muilenberg, M.L. AU - Ziska, L.H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.0901867 IS - 9 PY - 2010 SP - 1223-1228 ST - Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations amplify Alternaria alternata sporulation and total antigen production T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations amplify Alternaria alternata sporulation and total antigen production VL - 118 ID - 15995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolfe, David W. AU - DeGaetano, Arthur T. AU - Peck, Gregory M. AU - Carey, Mary AU - Ziska, Lewis H. AU - Lea-Cox, John AU - Kemanian, Armen R. AU - Hoffmann, Michael P. AU - Hollinger, David Y. DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2109-7 IS - 1-2 PY - 2018 SP - 231-245 ST - Unique challenges and opportunities for northeastern US crop production in a changing climate T2 - Climatic Change TI - Unique challenges and opportunities for northeastern US crop production in a changing climate VL - 146 ID - 21930 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In recent years, research in invasion biology has focused increasing attention on understanding the role of phenology in shaping plant invasions. Multiple studies have found non-native species that tend to flower distinctly early or late in the growing season, advance more with warming or have shifted earlier with climate change compared with native species. This growing body of literature has focused on patterns of phenological differences, but there is a need now for mechanistic studies of how phenology contributes to invasions. To do this, however, requires understanding how phenology fits within complex functional trait relationships. Towards this goal, we review recent literature linking phenology with other functional traits, and discuss the role of phenology in mediating how plants experience disturbance and stress—via climate, herbivory and competition—across the growing season. Because climate change may alter the timing and severity of stress and disturbance in many systems, it could provide novel opportunities for invasion—depending upon the dominant climate controller of the system, the projected climate change, and the traits of native and non-native species. Based on our current understanding of plant phenological and growth strategies—especially rapid growing, early-flowering species versus later-flowering species that make slower-return investments in growth—we project optimal periods for invasions across three distinct systems under current climate change scenarios. Research on plant invasions and phenology within this predictive framework would provide a more rigorous test of what drives invader success, while at the same time testing basic plant ecological theory. Additionally, extensions could provide the basis to model how ecosystem processes may shift in the future with continued climate change. AU - Wolkovich, Elizabeth M. AU - Cleland, Elsa E. DO - 10.1093/aobpla/plu013 N1 - 10.1093/aobpla/plu013 PY - 2014 SP - plu013-plu013 ST - Phenological niches and the future of invaded ecosystems with climate change T2 - AoB PLANTS TI - Phenological niches and the future of invaded ecosystems with climate change VL - 6 ID - 23472 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolkovich, E. M. AU - Cook, B. I. AU - Allen, J. M. AU - Crimmins, T. M. AU - Betancourt, J. L. AU - Travers, S. E. AU - Pau, S. AU - Regetz, J. AU - Davies, T. J. AU - Kraft, N. J. B. AU - Ault, T. R. AU - Bolmgren, K. AU - Mazer, S. J. AU - McCabe, G. J. AU - McGill, B. J. AU - Parmesan, C. AU - Salamin, N. AU - Schwartz, M. D. AU - Cleland, E. E. DA - 05/02/online DO - 10.1038/nature11014 PY - 2012 SP - 494-497 ST - Warming experiments underpredict plant phenological responses to climate change T2 - Nature TI - Warming experiments underpredict plant phenological responses to climate change VL - 485 ID - 23473 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolter, Klaus AU - Eischeid, Jon K. AU - Cheng, Linyin AU - Hoerling, Martin DO - 10.1175/bams-d-16-0166.1 IS - 12 PY - 2016 SP - S9-S13 ST - What history tells us about 2015 U.S. Daily rainfall extremes T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - What history tells us about 2015 U.S. Daily rainfall extremes VL - 97 ID - 23213 ER - TY - JOUR AB - OBJECTIVES: We described American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) infant and pediatric death rates and leading causes of death. METHODS: We adjusted National Vital Statistics System mortality data for AI/AN racial misclassification by linkage with Indian Health Service (IHS) registration records. We determined average annual death rates and leading causes of death for 1999 to 2009 for AI/AN versus White infants and children. We limited the analysis to IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties. RESULTS: The AI/AN infant death rate was 914 (rate ratio [RR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55, 1.67). Sudden infant death syndrome, unintentional injuries, and influenza or pneumonia were more common in AI/AN versus White infants. The overall AI/AN pediatric death rates were 69.6 for ages 1 to 4 years (RR = 2.56; 95% CI = 2.38, 2.75), 28.9 for ages 5 to 9 years (RR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.92, 2.34), 37.3 for ages 10 to 14 years (RR = 2.22; 95% CI = 2.04, 2.40), and 158.4 for ages 15 to 19 years (RR = 2.71; 95% CI = 2.60, 2.82). Unintentional injuries and suicide occurred at higher rates among AI/AN youths versus White youths. CONCLUSIONS: Death rates for AI/AN infants and children were higher than for Whites, with regional disparities. Several leading causes of death in the AI/AN pediatric population are potentially preventable. AD - At the time of the study, Charlene A. Wong was with the Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle. Francine C. Gachupin is with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Robert C. Holman is with the Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Marian F. MacDorman is with the Reproductive Statistics Branch, Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD. James E. Cheek is with the Public Health Program, Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Steve Holve is with Indian Health Service (IHS), Tuba City Regional Healthcare Corporation, Tuba City, AZ. Rosalyn J. Singleton is with the Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Anchorage, AK. AU - Wong, Charlene A. AU - Gachupin, Francine C. AU - Holman, Robert C. AU - MacDorman, Marian F. AU - Cheek, James E. AU - Holve, Steve AU - Singleton, Rosalyn J. C2 - Pmc4035880 DA - Jun DO - 10.2105/ajph.2013.301598 DP - NLM ET - 2014/04/24 IS - S3 KW - Adolescent Alaska/epidemiology Cause of Death Child Child Mortality/*ethnology Child, Preschool Female Humans Indians, North American/*statistics & numerical data Infant Infant Mortality/*ethnology Infant, Newborn Inuits/*statistics & numerical data Male United States/epidemiology LA - eng N1 - 1541-0048 Wong, Charlene A Gachupin, Francine C Holman, Robert C MacDorman, Marian F Cheek, James E Holve, Steve Singleton, Rosalyn J Journal Article United States Am J Public Health. 2014 Jun;104 Suppl 3:S320-8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301598. Epub 2014 Apr 22. PY - 2014 RN - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4035880/pdf/AJPH.2013.301598.pdf SN - 0090-0036 SP - S320-S328 ST - American Indian and Alaska Native infant and pediatric mortality, United States, 1999–2009 T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - American Indian and Alaska Native infant and pediatric mortality, United States, 1999–2009 VL - 104 ID - 19087 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wong, C. I. AU - Mahler, B. J. AU - Musgrove, M. AU - Banner, J. L. DA - 2012/10/25/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.08.030 KW - Karst Drought Telogenetic Edwards aquifer Groundwater Texas PY - 2012 SN - 0022-1694 SP - 159-172 ST - Changes in sources and storage in a karst aquifer during a transition from drought to wet conditions T2 - Journal of Hydrology TI - Changes in sources and storage in a karst aquifer during a transition from drought to wet conditions VL - 468-469 ID - 23260 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Urban green space (UGS) is widely espoused in sustainable urban design. Notwithstanding its ecosystem services, UGS is commonly perceived as inadvertent habitats for urban mosquitoes. Moreover, the lack of ecological understanding of mosquitoes and their urban habitats renders vector control in green spaces without reliance on chemical and bio-pesticides especially challenging. AU - Wong, Gwendolyn K. L. AU - Jim, C. Y. DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s10980-018-0616-1 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1572-9761 SP - 475-489 ST - Abundance of urban male mosquitoes by green infrastructure types: Implications for landscape design and vector management T2 - Landscape Ecology TI - Abundance of urban male mosquitoes by green infrastructure types: Implications for landscape design and vector management VL - 33 ID - 26302 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Field, C.B. A2 - Barros, V.R. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Mach, K.J. A2 - Mastrandrea, M.D. A2 - Bilir, T.E. A2 - Chatterjee, M. A2 - Ebi, K.L. A2 - Estrada, Y.O. A2 - Genova, R.C. A2 - Girma, B. A2 - Kissel, E.S. A2 - Levy, A.N. A2 - MacCracken, S. A2 - Mastrandrea, P.R. A2 - L.L.White AU - Wong, P.P. AU - Losada, I.J. AU - Gattuso, J.-P. AU - Hinkel, J. AU - Khattabi, A. AU - McInnes, K.L. AU - Saito, Y. AU - Sallenger, A. C4 - 6ed929c2-3587-435f-b55f-f8a541035457 CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2014 SP - 361-409 ST - Coastal systems and low-lying areas T2 - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Coastal systems and low-lying areas UR - http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ ID - 20636 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Strategies to manage the risks posed by future sea-level rise hinge on a sound characterization of the inherent uncertainties. One of the major uncertainties is the possible rapid disintegration of large fractions of the Antarctic ice sheet in response to rising global temperatures. This could potentially lead to several meters of sea-level rise during the next few centuries. Previous studies have typically been silent on two coupled questions: (i) What are probabilistic estimates of this “fast dynamic” contribution to sea-level rise? (ii) What are the implications for strategies to manage coastal flooding risks? Here, we present probabilistic hindcasts and projections of sea-level rise to 2100. The fast dynamic mechanism is approximated by a simple parameterization, designed to allow for a careful quantification of the uncertainty in its contribution to sea-level rise. We estimate that global temperature increases ranging from 1.9 to 3.1 °C coincide with fast Antarctic disintegration, and these contributions account for sea-level rise of 21–74 cm this century (5–95% range, Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5). We use a simple cost-benefit analysis of coastal defense to demonstrate in a didactic exercise how neglecting this mechanism and associated uncertainty can (i) lead to strategies which fall sizably short of protection targets and (ii) increase the expected net costs. AU - Wong, Tony E. AU - Bakker, Alexander M. R. AU - Keller, Klaus DA - September 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2039-4 IS - 2 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 347-364 ST - Impacts of Antarctic fast dynamics on sea-level projections and coastal flood defense T2 - Climatic Change TI - Impacts of Antarctic fast dynamics on sea-level projections and coastal flood defense VL - 144 ID - 23970 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Wongbusarakum, Supin AU - Pomeroy, Bob CY - Apia, Samoa DA - 2008 M3 - SEM-Pasifika PB - Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme PY - 2008 SP - 137 ST - SEM-Pasifika: Socio-economic Monitoring Guidelines for Coastal Managers in Pacific Island Countries TI - SEM-Pasifika: Socio-economic Monitoring Guidelines for Coastal Managers in Pacific Island Countries UR - https://www.conservationgateway.org/ExternalLinks/Pages/sem-pasifika-socioeconomi.aspx ID - 22543 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Wood, Eric M. AU - Kellermann, Jherime L. CY - Boca Raton, FL M1 - Studies in Avian Biology 47 PB - CRC Press PY - 2017 SN - 9781138575783 SP - 246 ST - Phenological Synchrony and Bird Migration: Changing Climate and Seasonal Resources in North America TI - Phenological Synchrony and Bird Migration: Changing Climate and Seasonal Resources in North America ID - 23474 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Woodall, C. W. AU - Walters, B. F. AU - Coulston, J. W. AU - D’Amato, A. W. AU - Domke, G. M. AU - Russell, M. B. AU - Sowers, P. A. DA - 12/07/online DO - 10.1038/srep17028 M3 - Article PY - 2015 SP - 17028 ST - Monitoring network confirms land use change is a substantial component of the forest carbon sink in the eastern United States T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Monitoring network confirms land use change is a substantial component of the forest carbon sink in the eastern United States VL - 5 ID - 21938 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Woodall, Christopher W AU - Walters, Brian F AU - Russell, M. B AU - Coulston, J. W AU - Domke, Grant M AU - D’Amato, Anthony W AU - Sowers, P. A DO - 10.1007/s10021-016-0012-0 IS - 8 PY - 2016 SN - 1432-9840 SP - 1401-1417 ST - A tale of two forest carbon assessments in the eastern United States: Forest use versus cover as a metric of change T2 - Ecosystems TI - A tale of two forest carbon assessments in the eastern United States: Forest use versus cover as a metric of change VL - 19 ID - 22664 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Woodall, C. W. AU - Zhu, K. AU - Westfall, J. A. AU - Oswalt, C. M. AU - D’Amato, A. W. AU - Walters, B. F. AU - Lintz, H. E. DA - 2013/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.047 KW - Canopy gaps Climate change Disturbance Tree range retreat Tree species migration Seedlings PY - 2013 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 172-180 ST - Assessing the stability of tree ranges and influence of disturbance in eastern US forests T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Assessing the stability of tree ranges and influence of disturbance in eastern US forests VL - 291 ID - 21939 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Achieving health benefits while reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport offers a potential policy win-win; the magnitude of potential benefits, however, is likely to vary. This study uses an Integrated Transport and Health Impact Modelling tool (ITHIM) to evaluate the health and environmental impacts of high walking and cycling transport scenarios for English and Welsh urban areas outside London. Methods Three scenarios with increased walking and cycling and lower car use were generated based upon the Visions 2030 Walking and Cycling project. Changes to carbon dioxide emissions were estimated by environmental modelling. Health impact assessment modelling was used to estimate changes in Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) resulting from changes in exposure to air pollution, road traffic injury risk, and physical activity. We compare the findings of the model with results generated using the World Health Organization's Health Economic Assessment of Transport (HEAT) tools. Results This study found considerable reductions in disease burden under all three scenarios, with the largest health benefits attributed to reductions in ischemic heart disease. The pathways that produced the largest benefits were, in order, physical activity, road traffic injuries, and air pollution. The choice of dose response relationship for physical activity had a large impact on the size of the benefits. Modelling the impact on all-cause mortality rather than through individual diseases suggested larger benefits. Using the best available evidence we found fewer road traffic injuries for all scenarios compared with baseline but alternative assumptions suggested potential increases. Conclusions Methods to estimate the health impacts from transport related physical activity and injury risk are in their infancy; this study has demonstrated an integration of transport and health impact modelling approaches. The findings add to the case for a move from car transport to walking and cycling, and have implications for empirical and modelling research. AU - Woodcock, James AU - Givoni, Moshe AU - Morgan, Andrei Scott DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0051462 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SP - e51462 ST - Health impact modelling of active travel visions for England and Wales using an integrated transport and health impact modelling tool (ITHIM) T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Health impact modelling of active travel visions for England and Wales using an integrated transport and health impact modelling tool (ITHIM) VL - 8 ID - 21211 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Woodhouse, C. A. AU - Meko, D. M. AU - Griffin, D. AU - Castro, C. L. DO - 10.1002/wrcr.20098 IS - 2 KW - Rio Grande basin drought impacts dendrochronology North American monsoon 1812 Drought 1833 Hydroclimatology 3335 North American Monsoon 3344 Paleoclimatology PY - 2013 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 844-850 ST - Tree rings and multiseason drought variability in the lower Rio Grande Basin, USA T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Tree rings and multiseason drought variability in the lower Rio Grande Basin, USA VL - 49 ID - 23886 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Woodhouse, Connie A. AU - Pederson, Gregory T. AU - Morino, Kiyomi AU - McAfee, Stephanie A. AU - McCabe, Gregory J. DO - 10.1002/2015GL067613 IS - 5 KW - Colorado River Basin warming temperatures water year streamflow soil moisture 1812 Drought 1860 Streamflow 1833 Hydroclimatology 3305 Climate change and variability 3354 Precipitation PY - 2016 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 2174-2181 ST - Increasing influence of air temperature on upper Colorado River streamflow T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Increasing influence of air temperature on upper Colorado River streamflow VL - 43 ID - 23887 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Droughts, which occur as a part of natural climate variability, are expected to increase in frequency and/or severity with global climate change. An improved understanding of droughts and their association with atmospheric circulation will add to the knowledge about the controls on drought, and the ways in which changes in climate may impact droughts. In this study, 1) major drought patterns across the United States have been defined, 2) the robustness of these patterns over time using tree-ring-based drought reconstructions have been evaluated, and 3) the drought patterns with respect to global atmospheric pressure patterns have been assessed. From this simple assessment, it is suggested that there are two major drought patterns across North America, which together account for about 30% of the total variance in drought patterns—one resembles the classic ENSO teleconnection, and the other displays an east–west drought dipole. The same two patterns are evident in the instrumental data and the reconstructed drought data for two different periods, 1404–2003 and 900–1350. The 500-mb circulation patterns associated with the two drought patterns suggest that the controls on drought may come from both Northern Hemisphere and tropical sources. The two drought patterns, and presumably their associated circulation patterns, vary in strength over time, indicating the combined effects of the two patterns on droughts over the past millennium. AU - Woodhouse, C. A. AU - Russell, J. L. AU - Cook, E. R. DO - 10.1175/2009jcli2705.1 IS - 16 KW - Drought,North America,Paleoclimate,Instrumentation/sensors,ENSO PY - 2009 SP - 4336-4347 ST - Two modes of North American drought from instrumental and paleoclimatic data T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Two modes of North American drought from instrumental and paleoclimatic data VL - 22 ID - 25390 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Woodroffe, Colin D. AU - Grindrod, John DO - 10.2307/2845685 IS - 5 PY - 1991 SP - 479-492 ST - Mangrove biogeography: The role of quaternary environmental and sea-level change T2 - Journal of Biogeography TI - Mangrove biogeography: The role of quaternary environmental and sea-level change VL - 18 ID - 24393 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mangroves occur on upper intertidal shorelines in the tropics and subtropics. Complex hydrodynamic and salinity conditions, related primarily to elevation and hydroperiod, influence mangrove distributions; this review considers how these distributions change over time. Accumulation rates of allochthonous and autochthonous sediment, both inorganic and organic, vary between and within different settings. Abundant terrigenous sediment can form dynamic mudbanks, and tides redistribute sediment, contrasting with mangrove peat in sediment-starved carbonate settings. Sediments underlying mangroves sequester carbon but also contain paleoenvironmental records of adjustments to past sea-level changes. Radiometric dating indicates long-term sedimentation, whereas measurements made using surface elevation tables and marker horizons provide shorter perspectives, indicating shallow subsurface processes of root growth and substrate autocompaction. Many tropical deltas also experience deep subsidence, which augments relative sea-level rise. The persistence of mangroves implies an ability to cope with moderately high rates of relative sea-level rise. However, many human pressures threaten mangroves, resulting in a continuing decline in their extent throughout the tropics.* AU - Woodroffe, C. D. AU - Rogers, K. AU - McKee, K. L. AU - Lovelock, C. E. AU - Mendelssohn, I. A. AU - Saintilan, N. DA - 2016 DO - 10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034025 DP - Annual Reviews IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 243-266 ST - Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea-level rise T2 - Annual Review of Marine Science TI - Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea-level rise VL - 8 ID - 22544 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The future impacts of climate change on landfalling tropical cyclones are unclear. Regardless of this uncertainty, flooding by tropical cyclones will increase as a result of accelerated sea-level rise. Under similar rates of rapid sea-level rise during the early Holocene epoch most low-lying sedimentary coastlines were generally much less resilient to storm impacts. Society must learn to live with a rapidly evolving shoreline that is increasingly prone to flooding from tropical cyclones. These impacts can be mitigated partly with adaptive strategies, which include careful stewardship of sediments and reductions in human-induced land subsidence. AU - Woodruff, Jonathan D. AU - Irish, Jennifer L. AU - Camargo, Suzana J. DA - 12/05/print DO - 10.1038/nature12855 IS - 7478 M3 - Insight PY - 2013 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 44-52 ST - Coastal flooding by tropical cyclones and sea-level rise T2 - Nature TI - Coastal flooding by tropical cyclones and sea-level rise VL - 504 ID - 19998 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Adaptation planning offers a promising approach for identifying and devising solutions to address local climate change impacts. Yet there is little empirical understanding of the content and quality of these plans. We use content analysis to evaluate 44 local adaptation plans in the United States and multivariate regression to examine how plan quality varies across communities. We find that plans draw on multiple data sources to analyse future climate impacts and include a breadth of strategies. Most plans, however, fail to prioritize impacts and strategies or provide detailed implementation processes, raising concerns about whether adaptation plans will translate into on-the-ground reductions in vulnerability. Our analysis also finds that plans authored by the planning department and those that engaged elected officials in the planning process were of higher quality. The results provide important insights for practitioners, policymakers and scientists wanting to improve local climate adaptation planning and action. AU - Woodruff, Sierra C. AU - Stults, Missy DA - 08//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate3012 IS - 8 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 796-802 ST - Numerous strategies but limited implementation guidance in US local adaptation plans T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Numerous strategies but limited implementation guidance in US local adaptation plans VL - 6 ID - 21160 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Woodson, Randy CY - Washington, DC N1 - View lecture at http://bcove.me/hl35imvp PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science PY - 2016 RP - View lecture at http://bcove.me/hl35imvp SP - 19 ST - The Role of U.S. Research Universities in Meeting the Global Food Security Challenge. 2016 AAAS Charles Valentine Riley Memorial Lecture TI - The Role of U.S. Research Universities in Meeting the Global Food Security Challenge. 2016 AAAS Charles Valentine Riley Memorial Lecture UR - https://mcmprodaaas.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2016%20AAAS%20Riley%20Lecture%20Proceedings.pdf ID - 23648 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Earth is experiencing historically unprecedented rates of warming, with surface temperatures projected to increase by 3–5°C globally, and up to 7.5°C in high latitudes, within the next century. Knowledge of how this will affect biological systems is still largely restricted to the lower levels of organization (e.g. species range shifts), rather than at the community, food web or ecosystem level, where responses cannot be predicted from studying single species in isolation. Further, many correlational studies are confounded with time and/or space, whereas experiments have been mostly confined to laboratory microcosms that cannot capture the true complexity of natural ecosystems. We used a ‘natural experiment’ in an attempt to circumvent these shortcomings, by characterizing community structure and trophic interactions in 15 geothermal Icelandic streams ranging in temperature from 5°C to 45°C. Even modest temperature increases had dramatic effects across multiple levels of organization, from changes in the mean body size of the top predators, to unimodal responses of species populations, turnover in community composition, and lengthening of food chains. Our results reveal that the rates of warming predicted for the next century have serious implications for the structure and functioning of these fragile ‘sentinel’ ecosystems across multiple levels of organization. AU - Woodward, Guy AU - Dybkjær, John B. AU - Ólafsson, Jón S. AU - Gíslason, Gísli M. AU - Hannesdóttir, Elísabet R. AU - Friberg, Nikolai DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02052.x IS - 7 PY - 2010 SP - 1979-1991 ST - Sentinel systems on the razor's edge: Effects of warming on Arctic geothermal stream ecosystems T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Sentinel systems on the razor's edge: Effects of warming on Arctic geothermal stream ecosystems VL - 16 ID - 25661 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It is well recognized that adaptive and flexible flood risk strategies are required to account for future uncertainties. Development of such strategies is, however, a challenge. Climate change alone is a significant complication, but, in addition, complexities exist trying to identify the most appropriate set of mitigation measures, or interventions. There are a range of economic and environmental performance measures that require consideration, and the spatial and temporal aspects of evaluating the performance of these is complex. All these elements pose severe difficulties to decisionmakers. This article describes a decision support methodology that has the capability to assess the most appropriate set of interventions to make in a flood system and the opportune time to make these interventions, given the future uncertainties. The flood risk strategies have been explicitly designed to allow for flexible adaptive measures by capturing the concepts of real options and multiobjective optimization to evaluate potential flood risk management opportunities. A state‐of‐the‐art flood risk analysis tool is employed to evaluate the risk associated to each strategy over future points in time and a multiobjective genetic algorithm is utilized to search for the optimal adaptive strategies. The modeling system has been applied to a reach on the Thames Estuary (London, England), and initial results show the inclusion of flexibility is advantageous, while the outputs provide decisionmakers with supplementary knowledge that previously has not been considered. AU - Woodward, Michelle AU - Kapelan, Zoran AU - Gouldby, Ben DO - 10.1111/risa.12088 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SP - 75-92 ST - Adaptive flood risk management under climate change uncertainty using real options and optimization T2 - Risk Analysis TI - Adaptive flood risk management under climate change uncertainty using real options and optimization VL - 34 ID - 25627 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to impact all aspects of marine ecosystems, including fisheries. Here, we use output from a suite of 11 earth system models to examine projected changes in two ecosystem-defining variables: temperature and food availability. In particular, we examine projected changes in epipelagic temperature and, as a proxy for food availability, zooplankton density. We find that under RCP8.5, a high business-as-usual greenhouse gas scenario, increasing temperatures may alter the spatial distribution of tuna and billfish species richness across the North Pacific basin. Furthermore, warmer waters and declining zooplankton densities may act together to lower carrying capacity for commercially valuable fish by 2 – 5% per decade over the 21st century. These changes have the potential to significantly impact the magnitude, composition, and distribution of commercial fish catch across the pelagic North Pacific. Such changes will in turn ultimately impact commercial fisheries’ economic value. Fishery managers should anticipate these climate impacts in order to ensure sustainable fishery yields and livelihoods. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. AU - Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A. AU - Polovina, Jeffrey J. AU - Drazen, Jeffrey C. DA - 2016/08/01/ DO - 10.1111/gcb.13471 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 3 KW - CMIP5 Ecosystems CMIP Climate Change Impacts marine ecosystems impact fisheries ocean and marine resources carrying capacity commercial fisheries North Pacific pelagic habitat zooplankton LA - en PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1000-1008 ST - Climate change is projected to reduce carrying capacity and redistribute species richness in North Pacific pelagic marine ecosystems T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Climate change is projected to reduce carrying capacity and redistribute species richness in North Pacific pelagic marine ecosystems VL - 23 Y2 - 2016/08/26/20:56:31 ID - 22545 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Output from an earth system model is paired with a size-based food web model to investigate the effects of climate change on the abundance of large fish over the 21st century. The earth system model, forced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special report on emission scenario A2, combines a coupled climate model with a biogeochemical model including major nutrients, three phytoplankton functional groups, and zooplankton grazing. The size-based food web model includes linkages between two size-structured pelagic communities: primary producers and consumers. Our investigation focuses on seven sites in the North Pacific, each highlighting a specific aspect of projected climate change, and includes top-down ecosystem depletion through fishing. We project declines in large fish abundance ranging from 0 to 75.8% in the central North Pacific and increases of up to 43.0% in the California Current (CC) region over the 21st century in response to change in phytoplankton size structure and direct physiological effects. We find that fish abundance is especially sensitive to projected changes in large phytoplankton density and our model projects changes in the abundance of large fish being of the same order of magnitude as changes in the abundance of large phytoplankton. Thus, studies that address only climate-induced impacts to primary production without including changes to phytoplankton size structure may not adequately project ecosystem responses. AU - Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A. AU - Polovina, Jeffrey J. AU - Dunne, John P. AU - Blanchard, Julia L. DA - 2013/03/01/ DO - 10.1111/gcb.12076 DP - Wiley Online Library IS - 3 KW - climate projections Ecosystems marine ecosystems fisheries catch ocean and marine resources North Pacific biomes ecosystem model size structure LA - en PY - 2013 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 724-733 ST - Ecosystem size structure response to 21st century climate projection: Large fish abundance decreases in the central North Pacific and increases in the California Current T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Ecosystem size structure response to 21st century climate projection: Large fish abundance decreases in the central North Pacific and increases in the California Current VL - 19 Y2 - 2016/08/26/01:46:04 ID - 22546 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The sensitivity of the precipitation over Puerto Rico that is simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is evaluated using multiple combinations of cumulus parameterization (CP) schemes and interior grid nudging. The NCEP–DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2) is downscaled to 2-km horizontal grid spacing both with convective-permitting simulations (CP active only in the middle and outer domains) and with CP schemes active in all domains. The results generally show lower simulated precipitation amounts than are observed, regardless of WRF configuration, but activating the CP schemes in the inner domain improves the annual cycle, intensity, and placement of rainfall relative to the convective-permitting simulations. Furthermore, the use of interior-grid-nudging techniques in the outer domains improves the placement and intensity of rainfall in the inner domain. Incorporating a CP scheme at convective-permitting scales (<4 km) and grid nudging at non-convective-permitting scales (>4 km) improves the island average correlation of precipitation by 0.05–0.2 and reduces the island average RMSE by up to 40 mm on average over relying on the explicit microphysics at convective-permitting scales with grid nudging. Projected changes in summer precipitation between 2040–42 and 1985–87 using WRF to downscale CCSM4 range from a 2.6-mm average increase to an 81.9-mm average decrease, depending on the choice of CP scheme. The differences are only associated with differences between WRF configurations, which indicates the importance of CP scheme for projected precipitation change as well as historical accuracy. AU - Wootten, A. AU - Bowden, J. H. AU - Boyles, R. AU - Terando, A. DO - 10.1175/jamc-d-16-0121.1 IS - 10 KW - Precipitation,Model evaluation/performance,Regional models PY - 2016 SP - 2263-2281 ST - The sensitivity of WRF downscaled precipitation in Puerto Rico to cumulus parameterization and interior grid nudging T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology TI - The sensitivity of WRF downscaled precipitation in Puerto Rico to cumulus parameterization and interior grid nudging VL - 55 ID - 25102 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Worfolk, Jean B. DA - 2000/03/01/ DO - 10.1067/mgn.2000.107131 IS - 2 PY - 2000 SN - 0197-4572 SP - 70-77 ST - Heat waves: Their impact on the health of elders T2 - Geriatric Nursing TI - Heat waves: Their impact on the health of elders VL - 21 ID - 23888 ER - TY - WEB AU - Workboat Staff PB - WorkBoat.com PY - 2015 ST - Flooding Delays Barge Traffic TI - Flooding Delays Barge Traffic UR - https://www.workboat.com/news/coastal-inland-waterways/flooding-delays-barge-traffic/ ID - 21317 ER - TY - WEB AU - Workboat Staff PY - 2017 ST - Portion of Upper Mississippi River Closed Near St. Louis TI - Portion of Upper Mississippi River Closed Near St. Louis UR - https://www.workboat.com/news/coastal-inland-waterways/portion-upper-mississippi-river-closed-near-st-louis/ ID - 21315 ER - TY - WEB AU - Workboat Staff PB - WorkBoat.com PY - various ST - Aggregation of articles documenting Mississippi River flood-related closures TI - Aggregation of articles documenting Mississippi River flood-related closures UR - https://www.workboat.com/?s=mississippi+river+closed+flood ID - 21319 ER - TY - RPRT AU - World Bank CY - Washington, DC PB - World Bank, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development PY - 2010 SP - 101 ST - Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change. Synthesis Report TI - Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change. Synthesis Report UR - http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/646291468171244256/Economics-of-adaptation-to-climate-change-Synthesis-report ID - 26468 ER - TY - RPRT AU - World Bank CY - Washington, DC DA - 2016 PB - World Bank-Pacific Possible PY - 2016 SP - 67 ST - Climate and Disaster Resilience TI - Climate and Disaster Resilience UR - http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/720371469614841726/PACIFIC-POSSIBLE-Climate.pdf ID - 22547 ER - TY - WEB AU - World Climate Research Programme CY - Geneva, Switzerland M1 - Sep 11 PB - World Climate Research Programme PY - 2017 ST - WCRP website TI - WCRP website UR - https://www.wcrp-climate.org/ VL - 2017 ID - 22033 ER - TY - RPRT AU - World Economic Forum CY - Geneva, Switzerland N1 - ISBN: 978-1-944835-15-6 PB - World Economic Forum PY - 2018 RP - ISBN: 978-1-944835-15-6 SP - 69 ST - The Global Risks Report 2018 TI - The Global Risks Report 2018 UR - http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GRR18_Report.pdf ID - 26469 ER - TY - WEB AU - World Resources Institute CY - Washington, DC M1 - April 11 PB - World Resources Institute PY - 2018 ST - CAIT Climate Data Explorer [web tool] TI - CAIT Climate Data Explorer [web tool] UR - http://cait.wri.org/ VL - 2018 ID - 25228 ER - TY - PRESS AU - World Wildlife Federation CY - Washington, DC PB - World Wildlife Federation PY - 2013 ST - The Coca-Cola Company and World Wildlife Fund Expand Global Partnership, Announce New Environmental Goals TI - The Coca-Cola Company and World Wildlife Fund Expand Global Partnership, Announce New Environmental Goals UR - https://www.worldwildlife.org/press-releases/the-coca-cola-company-and-world-wildlife-fund-expand-global-partnership-announce-new-environmental-goals ID - 22035 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper examines how the cost-effectiveness of IRS varies depending on the severity of transmission and level of programme coverage and how efficiency could be improved by incorporating climate information into decision making for malaria control programmes as part of an integrated Malaria Early Warning and Response System (MEWS). AU - Worrall, Eve AU - Connor, Stephen J. AU - Thomson, Madeleine C. DA - December 24 DO - 10.1186/1475-2875-7-263 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2008 SN - 1475-2875 SP - 263 ST - Improving the cost-effectiveness of IRS with climate informed health surveillance systems T2 - Malaria Journal TI - Improving the cost-effectiveness of IRS with climate informed health surveillance systems VL - 7 ID - 24087 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Worrall, James J. AU - Rehfeldt, Gerald E. AU - Hamann, Andreas AU - Hogg, Edward H. AU - Marchetti, Suzanne B. AU - Michaelian, Michael AU - Gray, Laura K. DA - 2013/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.12.033 KW - Decline Dieback Die-off Drought Climate envelope Climatic niche PY - 2013 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 35-51 ST - Recent declines of Populus tremuloides in North America linked to climate T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Recent declines of Populus tremuloides in North America linked to climate VL - 299 ID - 21136 ER - TY - CONF AU - Wotkyns, Susan CY - Flagstaff, AZ DA - September 13-14 PB - Northern Arizona University PY - 2011 SP - 31 ST - Workshop Report T2 - Southwest Tribal Climate Change Workshop TI - Workshop Report UR - https://www7.nau.edu/itep/main/tcc/docs/resources/SWTCCWrkshpReport_12-15-11.pdf ID - 26403 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wouters, B. AU - Bamber, J. L. AU - van den Broeke, M. R. AU - Lenaerts, J. T. M. AU - Sasgen, I. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/ngeo1874 IS - 8 PY - 2013 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 613-616 ST - Limits in detecting acceleration of ice sheet mass loss due to climate variability T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Limits in detecting acceleration of ice sheet mass loss due to climate variability VL - 6 ID - 16019 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although the United States has pursued rapid development of corn ethanol as a matter of national biofuel policy, relatively little is known about this policy’s widespread impacts on agricultural land conversion surrounding ethanol refineries. This knowledge gap impedes policy makers’ ability to identify and mitigate potentially negative environmental impacts of ethanol production. We assessed changes to the landscape during initial implementation of the Renewable Fuel Standard v2 (RFS2) from 2008 to 2012 and found nearly 4.2 million acres of arable non-cropland converted to crops within 100 miles of refinery locations, including 3.6 million acres of converted grassland. Aggregated across all ethanol refineries, the rate of grassland conversion to cropland increased linearly with proximity to a refinery location. Despite this widespread conversion of the landscape, recent cropland expansion could have made only modest contributions to mandated increases in conventional biofuel capacity required by RFS2. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a shortcoming in the existing ‘aggregate compliance’ method for enforcing land protections in the RFS2 and suggest an alternative monitoring mechanism would be needed to appropriately capture the scale of observed land use changes. AU - Wright, Christopher K. AU - Larson, Ben AU - Lark, Tyler J. AU - Gibbs, Holly K. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa6446 IS - 4 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 044001 ST - Recent grassland losses are concentrated around U.S. ethanol refineries T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Recent grassland losses are concentrated around U.S. ethanol refineries VL - 12 ID - 26486 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the US Corn Belt, a recent doubling in commodity prices has created incentives for landowners to convert grassland to corn and soybean cropping. Here, we use land cover data from the National Agricultural Statistics Service Cropland Data Layer to assess grassland conversion from 2006 to 2011 in the Western Corn Belt (WCB): five states including North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, and Iowa. Our analysis identifies areas with elevated rates of grass-to-corn/soy conversion (1.0–5.4% annually). Across the WCB, we found a net decline in grass-dominated land cover totaling nearly 530,000 ha. With respect to agronomic attributes of lands undergoing grassland conversion, corn/soy production is expanding onto marginal lands characterized by high erosion risk and vulnerability to drought. Grassland conversion is also concentrated in close proximity to wetlands, posing a threat to waterfowl breeding in the Prairie Pothole Region. Longer-term land cover trends from North Dakota and Iowa indicate that recent grassland conversion represents a persistent shift in land use rather than short-term variability in crop rotation patterns. Our results show that the WCB is rapidly moving down a pathway of increased corn and soybean cultivation. As a result, the window of opportunity for realizing the benefits of a biofuel industry based on perennial bioenergy crops, rather than corn ethanol and soy biodiesel, may be closing in the WCB. AU - Wright, Christopher K. AU - Wimberly, Michael C. DA - March 5, 2013 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1215404110 IS - 10 PY - 2013 SP - 4134-4139 ST - Recent land use change in the Western Corn Belt threatens grasslands and wetlands T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Recent land use change in the Western Corn Belt threatens grasslands and wetlands VL - 110 ID - 21605 ER - TY - JOUR AB - High-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) simulations are used to explore the sensitivity of Great Lakes lake-effect snowfall (LES) to changes in lake ice cover and surface temperature. A control simulation with observed ice cover is compared with three sensitivity tests: complete ice cover, no lake ice, and warmer lake surface temperatures. The spatial pattern of unfrozen lake surfaces determines the placement of LES, and complete ice cover eliminates it. Removal of ice cover and an increase in lake temperatures result in an expansion of the LES area both along and downwind of the lake shore, as well as an increase in snowfall amount. While lake temperatures and phase determine the amount and spatial coverage of LES, the finescale distribution of LES is strongly affected by the interaction between lake surface fluxes, the large-scale flow, and the local lake shore geography and inland topography. As a consequence, the sensitivity of LES to topography and shore geometry differs for lakes with short versus long overwater fetch. These simulations indicate that coarse-resolution models may be able to realistically reproduce the gross features of LES in future climates, but will miss the important local-scale interactions that determine the location and intensity of LES. AU - Wright, David M. AU - Posselt, Derek J. AU - Steiner, Allison L. DO - 10.1175/mwr-d-12-00038.1 IS - 2 KW - Lake effects,Mesoscale processes,Snowbands,Climate change,Regional effects,Mesoscale models PY - 2013 SP - 670-689 ST - Sensitivity of lake-effect snowfall to lake ice cover and temperature in the Great Lakes region T2 - Monthly Weather Review TI - Sensitivity of lake-effect snowfall to lake ice cover and temperature in the Great Lakes region VL - 141 ID - 21206 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Wright, Kathryn AU - Whitehouse, Kalee AU - Curti, Julie CY - Boston, MA PB - Meister Consultants Group PY - 2017 SP - 31 ST - Voluntary Resilience Standards: An Assessment of the Emerging Market for Resilience in the Built Environment TI - Voluntary Resilience Standards: An Assessment of the Emerging Market for Resilience in the Built Environment UR - http://www.mc-group.com/voluntary-resilience-standards-an-assessment-of-the-emerging-market-for-resilience-in-the-built-environment/ ID - 25645 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wright, Richard N. AU - Ayyub, Bilal M. AU - Lombardo, Franklin T. PY - 2013 SP - 29-32 ST - Bridging the gap between climate change science and structural engineering practice T2 - Structure Magazine TI - Bridging the gap between climate change science and structural engineering practice UR - http://www.structuremag.org/?p=656 VL - September ID - 25659 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Writer, Jeffrey H. AU - Hohner, Amanda AU - Oropeza, Jill AU - Schmidt, Amanda AU - Cawley, Kaelin M. AU - Rosario-Ortiz, Fernando L. DO - 10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0055 IS - 4 PY - 2014 SP - E189-E199 ST - Water treatment implications after the High Park Wildfire, Colorado T2 - Journal—American Water Works Association TI - Water treatment implications after the High Park Wildfire, Colorado VL - 106 ID - 23889 ER - TY - WEB AU - WSDOH PB - Washington State Department of Health (WSDOH) PY - 2018 ST - Washington Tracking Network: A Source for Environmental Public Health Data [web tool] TI - Washington Tracking Network: A Source for Environmental Public Health Data [web tool] UR - https://fortress.wa.gov/doh/wtn/WTNIBL/ ID - 26528 ER - TY - RPRT AU - WSDOT CY - Olympia, WA PB - Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) PY - 2014 SP - various ST - Landslide Mitigation Action Plan TI - Landslide Mitigation Action Plan UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/8B3B653E-5C50-4E2B-977E-AE5AB36751B7/0/LandslideMitigationActionPlan.pdf ID - 26491 ER - TY - RPRT AU - WSDOT CY - Olympia, WA NV - FHWA Pilot Project Report WSDOT 2015 PB - Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) PY - 2015 SP - 42 ST - Creating a Resilient Transportation Network in Skagit County: Using Flood Studies to Inform Transportation Asset Management TI - Creating a Resilient Transportation Network in Skagit County: Using Flood Studies to Inform Transportation Asset Management UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/fulltext/design/Skagit_County_Report.pdf ID - 24810 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wu, F. AU - Bhatnagar, D. AU - Bui-Klimke, T. AU - Carbone, I. AU - Hellmich, R. AU - Munkvold, G. AU - Paul, P. AU - Payne, G. AU - Takle, E. C6 - NCA DO - 10.3920/WMJ2010.1246 IS - 1 PY - 2011 SN - 1875-0710 SP - 79-93 ST - Climate change impacts on mycotoxin risks in US maize T2 - World Mycotoxin Journal TI - Climate change impacts on mycotoxin risks in US maize VL - 4 ID - 16025 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Economic development in rural areas affects the natural environment, which in turn affects economic growth—both rural and urban. These shared interests and feedback effects in the natural environment are increasingly recognized as important economic and political issues, and necessitate a new framework for better understanding them. This article asks why such a framework does not exist and why it should be developed. It then presents such a framework by integrating regional, urban, and environmental economic insights. The framework focuses on the interactive location decisions of firms and households and centripetal forces for concentration and centrifugal forces for decentralization. The article captures the economic and environmental consequences of rural-urban relocation and feedback effects through changes in agglomeration economies, congestion costs, natural and social amenities, and the location of economic opportunities. Results show that some feedback effects reinforce the initial forces, but others weaken them. We present two examples to demonstrate the application of the framework. The first focuses on how agglomeration economies affect the effectiveness of environmental regulation and illustrates the benefits of incorporating regional and urban economic insights into environmental policy analysis. The second example focuses on how conservation policy can create localized amenities that help resource-rich regions avoid the natural resource curse and illustrates how concepts and perspectives from resource and environmental economics can improve our understanding of regional and rural issues. AU - Wu, JunJie AU - Weber, Bruce A. AU - Partridge, Mark D. DO - 10.1093/ajae/aaw093 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SN - 0002-9092 SP - 464-480 ST - Rural-urban interdependence: A framework integrating regional, urban, and environmental economic insights T2 - American Journal of Agricultural Economics TI - Rural-urban interdependence: A framework integrating regional, urban, and environmental economic insights VL - 99 ID - 26251 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wu, Shiliang AU - Mickley, Loretta J. AU - Leibensperger, Eric M. AU - Jacob, Daniel J. AU - Rind, David AU - Streets, David G. DO - 10.1029/2007JD008917 IS - D6 PY - 2008 RN - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2007JD008917 SP - D06302 ST - Effects of 2000–2050 global change on ozone air quality in the United States T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres TI - Effects of 2000–2050 global change on ozone air quality in the United States VL - 113 ID - 18932 ER - TY - RPRT AU - WUCA Strategic Planning Committee CY - Las Vegas, NV PB - Water Utility Climate Alliance (WUCA) PY - 2016 SP - 6 ST - Water Utility Climate Alliance 2017–2021 Strategic Plan TI - Water Utility Climate Alliance 2017–2021 Strategic Plan UR - https://www.wucaonline.org/assets/pdf/about-strategic-plan-2021.pdf ID - 24401 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Wuebbles, D.J. C4 - 374d2d33-7deb-42b8-87e2-39d458520151 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J0BK19HT PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - App. A SP - 430-435 ST - Appendix A: Observational datasets used in climate studies T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Appendix A: Observational datasets used in climate studies ID - 21574 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Wuebbles, D.J. AU - Easterling, D.R. AU - Hayhoe, K. AU - Knutson, T. AU - Kopp, R.E. AU - Kossin, J.P. AU - Kunkel, K.E. AU - LeGrande, A.N. AU - Mears, C. AU - Sweet, W.V. AU - Taylor, P.C. AU - Vose, R.S. AU - Wehner, M.F. C4 - 666daffe-2c3b-4e2d-9157-16b989860618 CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J08S4N35 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Ch. 1 SP - 35-72 ST - Our globally changing climate T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Our globally changing climate ID - 21559 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - Wuebbles, D.J. AU - Fahey, D.W. AU - Hibbard, K.A. AU - DeAngelo, B. AU - Doherty, S. AU - Hayhoe, K. AU - Horton, R. AU - Kossin, J.P. AU - Taylor, P.C. AU - Waple, A.M. AU - Weaver, C.P. C4 - 21f65069-74b3-4bf7-bc09-0f359b825aad CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/J0DJ5CTG PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SE - Exec. Sum. SP - 12-34 ST - Executive summary T2 - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Executive summary ID - 21558 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Effective adaptive governance will emerge from strong relationships between science, governance, and practice. However, these relationships receive scant critical attention among adaptive governance scholarship. To address this lacuna, Jasanoff’s “idiom of coproduction” provides a lens to view the dialectical relationships between science and society. This view sees science and governance as coevolving through iterative relationships between the material, cognitive, social, and normative dimensions of a problem. This coevolution is precisely the aspiration of adaptive governance; however, the notion of coproduction must be grounded to provide practical guidance for groups aspiring to “govern adaptively.” I have drawn on three concepts, namely coproduction, bridging/boundary organizations, and adaptive capacity, to present a conceptual framework of “coproductive capacities.” Coproductive capacities are the material, cognitive, social, and normative capacities that enable groups of actors to connect knowledge with action in a cross-scale governance context. This framework was applied to two cases of connectivity conservation. Inspired by the science of conservation biology, connectivity conservation promotes collaborative, cross-scale governance to conserve biodiversity at a landscape scale. This tight coupling of science and governance in a cross-scale context makes connectivity conservation a classic case of both coproduction and adaptive governance. However, the inability of the initiatives in the cases examined to turn their visions into action highlights a critical absence of key capacities. In particular, challenges faced in connecting knowledge with action at various scales points to the importance of building relationships between actors across scales. The structures and mechanisms of governance have dominated adaptive governance scholarship, yet coproductive capacity and adaptive governance emerge from the relationships between actors seeking to connect knowledge with action. Building capacity to negotiate these relationships is a more fruitful focus for adaptive governance than design principles and diagnostics. AU - Wyborn, Carina A. C7 - 11 DO - 10.5751/ES-06510-200111 IS - 1 KW - adaptive capacity adaptive governance boundary organizations bridging organizations connectivity conservation coproduction coproductive capacities PY - 2015 SP - 11 ST - Connecting knowledge with action through coproductive capacities: Adaptive governance and connectivity conservation T2 - Ecology and Society TI - Connecting knowledge with action through coproductive capacities: Adaptive governance and connectivity conservation VL - 20 ID - 22356 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wyka, Stephen A. AU - Smith, Cheryl AU - Munck, Isabel A. AU - Rock, Barrett N. AU - Ziniti, Beth L. AU - Broders, Kirk DO - 10.1111/gcb.13359 IS - 1 KW - climatic modeling disease complex emerging pathogens Lecanosticta acicola pathogens and climate change plant pathogen epidemiology precipitation Septorioides strobus PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 394-405 ST - Emergence of white pine needle damage in the northeastern United States is associated with changes in pathogen pressure in response to climate change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Emergence of white pine needle damage in the northeastern United States is associated with changes in pathogen pressure in response to climate change VL - 23 ID - 21937 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wyman, Miriam AU - Malone, Sparkle AU - Stein, Taylor AU - Johnson, Cassandra DA - 2012/12/01 DO - 10.1080/08941920.2012.681752 IS - 12 PY - 2012 SN - 0894-1920 SP - 1293-1307 ST - Race and wildfire risk perceptions among rural forestland owners in north-central Florida T2 - Society & Natural Resources TI - Race and wildfire risk perceptions among rural forestland owners in north-central Florida VL - 25 ID - 24394 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wyrtki, K. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1175/1520-0485(1975)005<0572:ENTDRO>2.0.CO;2 IS - 4 PY - 1975 SN - 1520-0485 SP - 572-584 ST - El Niño—The dynamic response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing T2 - Journal of Physical Oceanography TI - El Niño—The dynamic response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing VL - 5 ID - 16034 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Xcel Energy CY - s.l. PB - Xcel Energy Inc. PY - 2017 SN - CPUC Proceeding No. 16A-0396E SP - 11 ST - Public Service Company of Colorado: 2016 Electric Resource Plan. 2017 All Source Solicitation 30-Day Report. (Public Version) TI - Public Service Company of Colorado: 2016 Electric Resource Plan. 2017 All Source Solicitation 30-Day Report. (Public Version) UR - https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Proceeding-No.-16A-0396E_PUBLIC-30-Day-Report_FINAL_CORRECTED-REDACTION.pdf ID - 26396 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In response to the scarcity of tools to make quantitative forecasts of the loss of aquatic species from anthropogenic effects, we present a statistical model that relates fish species richness to river discharge. Fish richness increases logarithmically with discharge, an index of habitat space, similar to a species–area curve in terrestrial systems. We apply the species–discharge model as a forecasting tool to build scenarios of changes in riverine fish richness from climate change, water consumption, and other anthropogenic drivers that reduce river discharge. Using hypothetical reductions in discharges (of magnitudes that have been observed in other rivers), we predict that reductions of 20–90% in discharge would result in losses of 2–38% of the fish species in two biogeographical regions in the United States (Lower Ohio–Upper Mississippi and Southeastern). Additional data on the occurrence of specific species relative to specific discharge regimes suggests that fishes found exclusively in high discharge environments (e.g., Shovelnose sturgeon) would be most vulnerable to reductions in discharge. Lag times in species extinctions after discharge reduction provide a window of opportunity for conservation efforts. Applications of the species–discharge model can help prioritize such management efforts among species and rivers. AU - Xenopoulos, Marguerite A. AU - Lodge, David M. DO - 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1907:GWTFUS]2.0.CO;2 IS - 8 PY - 2006 SP - 1907-1914 ST - Going with the flow: Using species–discharge relationships to forecast losses in fish biodiversity T2 - Ecology TI - Going with the flow: Using species–discharge relationships to forecast losses in fish biodiversity VL - 87 ID - 26252 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Xia, Youlong AU - Mitchell, Kenneth AU - Ek, Michael AU - Sheffield, Justin AU - Cosgrove, Brian AU - Wood, Eric AU - Luo, Lifeng AU - Alonge, Charles AU - Wei, Helin AU - Meng, Jesse AU - Livneh, Ben AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis AU - Koren, Victor AU - Duan, Qingyun AU - Mo, Kingtse AU - Fan, Yun AU - Mocko, David DO - 10.1029/2011JD016048 IS - D3 KW - NLDAS-2 energy budget land surface modeling water budget 1620 Climate dynamics 1814 Energy budgets 1833 Hydroclimatology 1840 Hydrometeorology 1846 Model calibration PY - 2012 SN - 2156-2202 SP - D03109 ST - Continental-scale water and energy flux analysis and validation for the North American Land Data Assimilation System project phase 2 (NLDAS-2): 1. Intercomparison and application of model products T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Continental-scale water and energy flux analysis and validation for the North American Land Data Assimilation System project phase 2 (NLDAS-2): 1. Intercomparison and application of model products VL - 117 ID - 21583 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Xiao, Mu AU - Koppa, Akash AU - Mekonnen, Zelalem AU - Pagán, Brianna R. AU - Zhan, Shengan AU - Cao, Qian AU - Aierken, Abureli AU - Lee, Hyongki AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis P. DO - 10.1002/2017GL073333 IS - 10 KW - groundwater loss Central Valley water balance 1829 Groundwater hydrology 1876 Water budgets PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 4872-4879 ST - How much groundwater did California's Central Valley lose during the 2012–2016 drought? T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - How much groundwater did California's Central Valley lose during the 2012–2016 drought? VL - 44 ID - 21388 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Temporal shifts in phenology are important biotic indicators of climate change. Satellite-derived Land Surface Phenology (LSP) offers data for the study of vegetation phenology at landscape to global spatial scales. However, the mechanisms of plant phenological responses to temperature are rarely considered at broad spatial scales, despite the potential improvements to spatiotemporal predictions. Geographical gradients in community species composition may also affect LSP spatially and temporally. Using a modified survival analysis, we reveal how weather and climate relate to physiological chilling and heating requirements and affect deciduous forest green-up in New England, USA over 9 years (2001–2009). While warm daily temperatures lead to earlier green-up of deciduous forests, chilling temperatures had a larger influence on green-up. We also found that the effects of community composition across the landscape were as important as the effects of weather. Greater oak dominance led to later green-up, while sites with more birch tended to have earlier green-up dates. Projection into the future (2046–2065) with statistically downscaled, bias corrected climate model output suggested advanced green-up (8–48 days) driven by higher heating and chilling accumulations, but green-up in coastal areas may be delayed due to reduced chilling accumulation. This study provides an innovative statistical method combining plant physiological mechanisms, topographic spatial heterogeneity, and species composition to predict how LSP responds to climate and weather variation and makes future projections. AU - Xie, Yingying AU - Ahmed, Kazi F. AU - Allen, Jenica M. AU - Wilson, Adam M. AU - Silander, John A. DA - January 01 DO - 10.1007/s10980-014-0099-7 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1572-9761 SP - 109-123 ST - Green-up of deciduous forest communities of northeastern North America in response to climate variation and climate change T2 - Landscape Ecology TI - Green-up of deciduous forest communities of northeastern North America in response to climate variation and climate change VL - 30 ID - 21935 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Xing, Jia AU - Wang, Jiandong AU - Mathur, Rohit AU - Pleim, Jonathan AU - Wang, Shuxiao AU - Hogrefe, Christian AU - Gan, Chuen-Meei AU - Wong, David C. AU - Hao, Jiming DA - 2016/07/19 DO - 10.1021/acs.est.6b00767 IS - 14 PY - 2016 SN - 0013-936X SP - 7527-7534 ST - Unexpected benefits of reducing aerosol cooling effects T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Unexpected benefits of reducing aerosol cooling effects VL - 50 ID - 24220 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Xu, Chonggang AU - Gertner, George Z AU - Scheller, Robert M DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01387.x IS - 7 PY - 2007 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1469-1483 ST - Potential effects of interaction between CO2 and temperature on forest landscape response to global warming T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Potential effects of interaction between CO2 and temperature on forest landscape response to global warming VL - 13 ID - 22665 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Gastric infections caused by the environmentally transmitted pathogen, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, have increased over the last two decades, including in many parts of the United States (US). However, until recently, infections linked to shellfish from the cool northeastern US waters were rare. Cases have risen in the Northeast, consistent with changes in local V. parahaemolyticus populations towards greater abundance or a shift in constituent pathogens. We examined 94 clinical isolates from a period of increasing disease in the region and compared them to 200 environmental counterparts to identify resident and non-indigenous lineages and to gain insight into the emergence of pathogenic types. Genotyping and multi-locus sequence analysis of clinical isolates collected from 2010-2013 in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine revealed their polyphyletic nature. Although 80% of the clinical isolates harbored the trh hemolysin either alone or with tdh, and were urease positive, 14% harbored neither hemolysin exposing a limitation for these traits in pathogen detection. Resident sequence type (ST) 631 strains caused seven infections, and show a relatively recent history of recombination with other clinical and environmental lineages present in the region. ST34 and ST674 strains were each linked to a single infection and these strain types were also identified from the environment as isolates harboring hemolysin genes. Forty-three ST36 isolates were identified from the clinical collection, consistent with reports that this strain type caused a rise in regional infections starting in 2012. Whole-genome phylogenies that included three ST36 outbreak isolates traced to at least two local sources demonstrated that the US Atlantic coastal population of this strain type was indeed derived from the Pacific population. This study lays the foundation for understanding dynamics within natural populations associated with emergence and invasion of pathogenic strain types in the region. AU - Xu, Feng AU - Ilyas, Saba AU - Hall, Jeffrey A. AU - Jones, Stephen H. AU - Cooper, Vaughn S. AU - Whistler, Cheryl A. DA - 2015-April-07 DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00272 IS - 272 KW - disease ecology,emergent pathogen,MLSA,Vibriosis,population structure,pathogen evolution,hemolysin LA - English M3 - Original Research PY - 2015 SN - 1664-302X ST - Genetic characterization of clinical and environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the Northeast USA reveals emerging resident and non-indigenous pathogen lineages T2 - Frontiers in Microbiology TI - Genetic characterization of clinical and environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the Northeast USA reveals emerging resident and non-indigenous pathogen lineages VL - 6 ID - 21691 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Beginning in the mid-1990s, re-eutrophication has reemerged as severe problems in Lake Erie. Controlling non-point source (NPS) nutrient pollution from cropland, especially dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), is the key to restore water quality in Lake Erie. To address NPS pollution, previous studies have analyzed the effectiveness of alternative spatially optimal land use and management strategies (represented as agricultural conservation practices (CPs)). However, few studies considered both strategies and have analyzed and compared their sensitivity to expected changes in temperature and precipitation due to climate change and increased greenhouse gas concentrations. In this study, we evaluated impacts of climatic change on the economic efficiency of these strategies for DRP abatement, using an integrated modeling approach that includes a watershed model, an economic valuation component, and a spatial optimization model. A series of climate projections representing relatively high greenhouse gas emission scenarios was developed for the western Lake Erie basin to drive the watershed model. We found that performance of solutions optimized for current climate was degraded significantly under projected future climate conditions. In terms of robustness of individual strategies, CPs alone were more robust to climate change than land use change alone or together with CPs, but relying on CPs alone fails to achieve a high (> 71%) DRP reduction target. A combination of CPs and land use changes was required to achieve policy goals for DRP reductions (targeted at ~ 78%). Our results point to the need for future spatial optimization studies and planning to consider adaptive capacity of conservation actions under a changing climate. AU - Xu, Hui AU - Brown, Daniel G. AU - Steiner, Allison L. DA - April 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-018-2159-5 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2018 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 647-662 ST - Sensitivity to climate change of land use and management patterns optimized for efficient mitigation of nutrient pollution T2 - Climatic Change TI - Sensitivity to climate change of land use and management patterns optimized for efficient mitigation of nutrient pollution VL - 147 ID - 25530 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Xu, Wenchao AU - Lowe, Scott E. AU - Adams, Richard M. DO - 10.1002/2013WR014696 IS - 12 KW - water supply water rights climate change Prior Appropriation Doctrine 0402 Agricultural systems 1884 Water supply 1880 Water management PY - 2014 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 9675-9695 ST - Climate change, water rights, and water supply: The case of irrigated agriculture in Idaho T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Climate change, water rights, and water supply: The case of irrigated agriculture in Idaho VL - 50 ID - 24749 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yando, Erik S. AU - Osland, Michael J. AU - Willis, Jonathan M. AU - Day, Richard H. AU - Krauss, Ken W. AU - Hester, Mark W. DO - 10.1111/1365-2745.12571 IS - 4 KW - carbon storage climate change ecotone forest development mangrove forest plant–soil (below-ground) interactions range expansion salt marsh soil development woody plant encroachment PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2745 SP - 1020-1031 ST - Salt marsh-mangrove ecotones: Using structural gradients to investigate the effects of woody plant encroachment on plant–soil interactions and ecosystem carbon pools T2 - Journal of Ecology TI - Salt marsh-mangrove ecotones: Using structural gradients to investigate the effects of woody plant encroachment on plant–soil interactions and ecosystem carbon pools VL - 104 ID - 24395 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang, Bohan AU - Meng, Fen AU - Ke, Xinli AU - Ma, Caixue C7 - 416728 DO - 10.1155/2015/416728 PY - 2015 SP - Art. 416728 ST - The impact analysis of water body landscape pattern on urban heat island: A case study of Wuhan City T2 - Advances in Meteorology TI - The impact analysis of water body landscape pattern on urban heat island: A case study of Wuhan City VL - 2015 ID - 24990 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang, Hu AU - Lohmann, Gerrit AU - Wei, Wei AU - Dima, Mihai AU - Ionita, Monica AU - Liu, Jiping DO - 10.1002/2015JC011513 IS - 7 KW - western boundary currents intensification poleward shift global warming Kuroshio Current Gulf Stream 4576 Western boundary currents 4532 General circulation 4504 Air/sea interactions 1630 Impacts of global change 1637 Regional climate change PY - 2016 SN - 2169-9291 SP - 4928-4945 ST - Intensification and poleward shift of subtropical western boundary currents in a warming climate T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans TI - Intensification and poleward shift of subtropical western boundary currents in a warming climate VL - 121 ID - 20451 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang, Jiachuan AU - Wang, Zhi-Hua AU - Kaloush, Kamil E. DA - 2015/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.092 KW - Building energy efficiency Cool roofs Reflective materials Regional hydroclimate Thermal comfort Urban heat island mitigation Urban sustainability PY - 2015 SN - 1364-0321 SP - 830-843 ST - Environmental impacts of reflective materials: Is high albedo a "silver bullet" for mitigating urban heat island? T2 - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews TI - Environmental impacts of reflective materials: Is high albedo a "silver bullet" for mitigating urban heat island? VL - 47 ID - 24457 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang, Qian AU - Dixon, Timothy H. AU - Myers, Paul G. AU - Bonin, Jennifer AU - Chambers, Don AU - van den Broeke, M. R. DA - 01/22/online DO - 10.1038/ncomms10525 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 10525 ST - Recent increases in Arctic freshwater flux affects Labrador Sea convection and Atlantic overturning circulation T2 - Nature Communications TI - Recent increases in Arctic freshwater flux affects Labrador Sea convection and Atlantic overturning circulation VL - 7 ID - 19896 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang, Xuchao AU - Hou, Yiling AU - Chen, Baode DO - 10.1029/2010JD015452 IS - D14 PY - 2011 SN - 2156-2202 SP - D14113 ST - Observed surface warming induced by urbanization in east China T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Observed surface warming induced by urbanization in east China VL - 116 ID - 22666 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang, Y. C. Ethan AU - Wi, Sungwook AU - Ray, Patrick A. AU - Brown, Casey M. AU - Khalil, Abedalrazq F. DA - 3// DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.01.002 KW - The Yarlung Tsangpo River The Jamuna River Water resources systems analysis Transboundary water management Ex post scenario analysis PY - 2016 SN - 0959-3780 SP - 16-30 ST - The future nexus of the Brahmaputra River Basin: Climate, water, energy and food trajectories T2 - Global Environmental Change TI - The future nexus of the Brahmaputra River Basin: Climate, water, energy and food trajectories VL - 37 ID - 23249 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Milk yield and its composition vary according to individual cows as well as to a variety of different environment conditions, such as temperature. Previous studies suggest that heat exerts considerable negative effects on milk production and its composition, especially during summer months. We investigate the production and fat composition of milk from individual dairy cows and develop a modelling framework that investigates the effect of temperature by extending a traditional lactation curve model onto a more flexible statistical modelling framework, a generalised additive model (GAM). The GAM simultaneously copes with multiple different conditions (temperature, parity, days of lactation, etc.), and, importantly, their non-linear relationships. Our analysis of retrospective data suggests that individual cows respond differently to heat; cows producing relatively high quantities of milk tend to be particularly sensitive to heat. Our model also suggests that most dairy cows studied fall into three distinct cases that underpin the variation of the milk fat ratio by different mechanisms. AU - Yano, Machiko AU - Shimadzu, Hideyasu AU - Endo, Toshiki DA - March 07 DO - 10.1186/2193-1801-3-129 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2014 SN - 2193-1801 SP - 129 ST - Modelling temperature effects on milk production: A study on Holstein cows at a Japanese farm T2 - SpringerPlus TI - Modelling temperature effects on milk production: A study on Holstein cows at a Japanese farm VL - 3 ID - 23590 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yardley, Jane E. AU - Stapleton, Jill M. AU - Sigal, Ronald J. AU - Kenny, Glen P. DA - 2013/06/01 DO - 10.1089/dia.2012.0324 IS - 6 PY - 2013 SN - 1520-9156 SP - 520-529 ST - Do heat events pose a greater health risk for individuals with Type 2 diabetes? T2 - Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics TI - Do heat events pose a greater health risk for individuals with Type 2 diabetes? VL - 15 Y2 - 2018/01/03 ID - 23890 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yasarer, Lindsey M. W. AU - Sturm, Belinda S. M. DA - 2016/01/02 DO - 10.1080/10402381.2015.1107665 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 1040-2381 SP - 13-26 ST - Potential impacts of climate change on reservoir services and management approaches T2 - Lake and Reservoir Management TI - Potential impacts of climate change on reservoir services and management approaches VL - 32 ID - 23591 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A climate driven, water resource systems model of the southwestern US was used to explore the implications of growth, extended drought, and climate warming on the allocation of water among competing uses. The analysis focused on the water benefits from alternative thermoelectric generation mixes, but included other uses, namely irrigated agriculture, municipal indoor and outdoor use, and environmental and inter-state compact requirements. The model, referred to as WEAP-SW, was developed on the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) platform, and is scenario-based and forward projecting from 2008 to 2050. The scenario includes a southwest population that grows from about 55 million to more than 100 million, a prolonged dry period, and a long-term warming trend of 2 ° C by mid-century. In addition, the scenario assumes that water allocation under shortage conditions would prioritize thermoelectric, environmental, and inter-state compacts by shorting first irrigated agriculture, then municipal demands. We show that while thermoelectric cooling water consumption is relatively small compared with other uses, the physical realities and the legal and institutional structures of water use in the region mean that relatively small differences in regional water use across different electricity mix scenarios correspond with more substantial impacts on individual basins and water use sectors. At a region-wide level, these choices influence the buffer against further water stress afforded the region through its generous storage capacity in reservoirs. AU - Yates, D. AU - Meldrum, J. AU - Averyt, K. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/045005 IS - 4 PY - 2013 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 045005 ST - The influence of future electricity mix alternatives on southwestern US water resources T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - The influence of future electricity mix alternatives on southwestern US water resources VL - 8 ID - 23704 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yates, K. K. AU - Zawada, D. G. AU - Smiley, N. A. AU - Tiling-Range, G. DO - 10.5194/bg-14-1739-2017 IS - 6 N1 - BG PY - 2017 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 1739-1772 ST - Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems VL - 14 ID - 26301 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ye, X. AU - Wolff, R. AU - Yu, W. AU - Vaneckova, P. AU - Pan, X. AU - Tong, S. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1289/ehp.1003198 IS - 1 PY - 2012 SP - 19-28 ST - Ambient temperature and morbidity: A review of epidemiological evidence T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives TI - Ambient temperature and morbidity: A review of epidemiological evidence VL - 120 ID - 16044 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Yeakley, J. Alan A2 - Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G. A2 - Hughes, Robert M. AB - We return to the central question of the book: Can viable wild salmonid populations coexist with humans in urban and urbanizing areas? In the intervening chapters, we described how urbanization degrades the habitat and viability of wild salmonid populations. We also presented a variety of potential remedies, including both social and biophysical aspects of wild salmonid rehabilitation and protection in urbanizing areas. Social remedies include policy approaches, planning strategies, market-based solutions, and citizen engagement efforts. Biophysical remedies include rehabilitation approaches both at local and watershed scales. In this final chapter, we review our major conclusions about urbanization stresses on salmonids, we summarize some of the most salient aspects of the remedies that we have presented, and we conclude with our answer to the central question of the book. AU - Yeakley, J. Alan AU - Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G. AU - Hughes, Robert M. C4 - f6445bba-c7be-4d3d-b08e-cdf615962fb8 CY - New York, NY DO - 10.1007/978-1-4614-8818-7_18 PB - Springer New York PY - 2014 SN - 978-1-4614-8818-7 SP - 253-262 ST - Summary of salmonid rehabilitation lessons from the urbanizing Pacific Northwest T2 - Wild Salmonids in the Urbanizing Pacific Northwest TI - Summary of salmonid rehabilitation lessons from the urbanizing Pacific Northwest ID - 24750 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Lacustrine sediment archives indicate that flooding during Tropical Storm Irene (2011) in the north-eastern United States caused the most severe erosion of any flood in the historic record, surpassing that of events with greater precipitation and peak discharges. Compared to deposition from historic floods, Irene's event layer was more massive and more enriched in unweathered upland sediments, indicating an anomalously high incidence of mass wasting and sediment entrainment. Precipitation records indicate that neither precipitation intensity nor total accumulation distinguished Irene from less erosive historic floods. However, cumulative precipitation prior to Irene exceeded the 95th percentile of all days in the record. When allowing for non-stationarity in the twentieth century background precipitation, we find a four-fold increase in the probability of Irene-like conditions, where impacts of extreme rainfall are enhanced by high antecedent precipitation. We conclude that irrespective of increases in extreme precipitation, the risk of highly erosive flooding in the region is increasing due to the influence of wetter baseline conditions associated with a changing climate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. AU - Yellen, Brian AU - Woodruff, Jonathan D. AU - Cook, Timothy L. AU - Newton, Robert M. DO - 10.1002/esp.3896 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SP - 677-684 ST - Historically unprecedented erosion from Tropical Storm Irene due to high antecedent precipitation T2 - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms TI - Historically unprecedented erosion from Tropical Storm Irene due to high antecedent precipitation VL - 41 ID - 26253 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yin, Jianjun AU - Goddard, Paul B. DO - 10.1002/2013GL057992 IS - 20 KW - sea level rise U.S. East Coast dynamic sea level tide gauge and altimetry data sea level rise modeling 1641 Sea level change 1622 Earth system modeling 4556 Sea level: variations and mean PY - 2013 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 5514-5520 ST - Oceanic control of sea level rise patterns along the East Coast of the United States T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Oceanic control of sea level rise patterns along the East Coast of the United States VL - 40 ID - 20000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yin, Jianjun AU - Schlesinger, Michael E. AU - Stouffer, Ronald J. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1038/ngeo462 IS - 4 PY - 2009 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 262-266 ST - Model projections of rapid sea-level rise on the northeast coast of the United States T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Model projections of rapid sea-level rise on the northeast coast of the United States VL - 2 ID - 16047 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yip, Fuyuen Y. AU - Flanders, W. Dana AU - Wolkin, Amy AU - Engelthaler, David AU - Humble, William AU - Neri, Antonio AU - Lewis, Lauren AU - Backer, Lorraine AU - Rubin, Carol DO - 10.1007/s00484-008-0169-0 IS - 8 N1 - Ch9 PY - 2008 SN - 0020-7128 1432-1254 SP - 765-772 ST - The impact of excess heat events in Maricopa County, Arizona: 2000–2005 T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology TI - The impact of excess heat events in Maricopa County, Arizona: 2000–2005 VL - 52 ID - 17891 ER - TY - WEB AU - YKHC CY - Bethel, AK M1 - August, 2017 PB - Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation (YKHC) PY - 2017 ST - Injury Prevention Store TI - Injury Prevention Store UR - https://www.ykhc.org/injury-control-ems/injury-prevention-store/ ID - 22332 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Yochum, Steven E. CY - Reno, NV DA - April 19-23 PY - 2015 SP - 537-548 T2 - 3rd Joint Federal Interagency Conference (10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference and 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference) TI - Colorado Front Range flood of 2013: Peak flows and flood frequencies UR - https://www.fs.fed.us/biology/nsaec/assets/yochum_sedhyd-2015_proceedings_2013cofrontrangeflood.pdf ID - 24566 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yoder, Sarah IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - 69 ST - Assessment of the potential health impacts of climate change in Alaska T2 - [State of Alaska] Epidemiology Bulletin TI - Assessment of the potential health impacts of climate change in Alaska UR - http://www.epi.alaska.gov/bulletins/docs/rr2018_01.pdf VL - 20 ID - 25835 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yohe, Gary W. DA - May 01 DO - 10.1023/a:1010677916703 IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2001 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 247-262 ST - Mitigative capacity—The mirror image of adaptive capacity on the emissions side T2 - Climatic Change TI - Mitigative capacity—The mirror image of adaptive capacity on the emissions side VL - 49 ID - 26467 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Yonetani, Michelle AU - Yuen, Lorelle AU - Sophonpanich, Wan AU - Navaee, Mariano AU - Maulit, Mark AU - Kyaw, Phyo PB - Government of the Philippines’ Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD); International Organization for Migration (IOM); Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC); SAS PY - 2014 SP - 47 ST - The Evolving Picture of Displacement in the Wake of Typhoon Haiyan: An Evidence-Based Overview TI - The Evolving Picture of Displacement in the Wake of Typhoon Haiyan: An Evidence-Based Overview UR - https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/The-Evolving-Picture-of-Displacement-in-the-Wake-of-Typhoon-Haiyan.pdf ID - 22032 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Yorgey, Georgine AU - Borrelli, Kristy AU - McGuire, Andrew AU - Painter, Kathleen CY - Pullman, WA PB - Pacific Northwest Extension PY - 2018 SN - PNW704 SP - 14 ST - Strip-Tilled and Direct-Seeded Vegetables Integrated with Cattle Grazing: Eric Williamson. A Farmer to Farmer Case Study TI - Strip-Tilled and Direct-Seeded Vegetables Integrated with Cattle Grazing: Eric Williamson. A Farmer to Farmer Case Study UR - http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/CEPublications/PNW704/PNW704.pdf ID - 26529 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Yorgey, Georgine AU - Kantor, Sylvia AU - Painter, Kate AU - Roe, Dennis AU - Davis, Hilary AU - Bernacchi, Leigh CY - Pullman, WA PB - Pacific Northwest Externsion PY - 2016 SN - PNW681 SP - 15 ST - Flex Cropping and Precision Agriculture Technologies: Bill Jepsen. A Farmer to Farmer Case Study TI - Flex Cropping and Precision Agriculture Technologies: Bill Jepsen. A Farmer to Farmer Case Study UR - http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/CEPublications/PNW681/PNW681.pdf ID - 26508 ER - TY - CPAPER AU - Yorgey, G. AU - Painter, K. AU - Davis, H. AU - Borrelli, K. AU - Brooks, E. AU - Kruger, C. CY - Kennewick, WA DA - March 9-11 PB - Washington State University, CSANR PY - 2016 T2 - Agriculture in a Changing Climate: Implications for Educators, Industry, and Producers TI - A grower case study approach for transdisciplinary integration and technology transfer [poster] ID - 26530 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In order for agricultural systems to successfully mitigate and adapt to climate change there is a need to coordinate and prioritize next steps for research and extension. This includes focusing on “win-win” management practices that simultaneously provide short-term benefits to farmers and improve the sustainability and resiliency of agricultural systems with respect to climate change. In the Northwest U.S., a collaborative process has been used to engage individuals spanning the research-practice continuum. This collaborative approach was utilized at a 2016 workshop titled “Agriculture in a Changing Climate,” that included a broad range of participants including university faculty and students, crop and livestock producers, and individuals representing state, tribal and federal government agencies, industry, nonprofit organizations, and conservation districts. The Northwest U.S. encompasses a range of agro-ecological systems and diverse geographic and climatic contexts. Regional research and science communication efforts for climate change and agriculture have a strong history of engaging diverse stakeholders. These features of the Northwest U.S. provide a foundation for the collaborative research and extension prioritization presented here. We focus on identifying research and extension actions that can be taken over the next five years in four areas identified as important areas by conference organizers and participants: (1) cropping systems, (2) livestock systems, (3) decision support systems to support consideration of climate change in agricultural management decisions; and (4) partnerships among researchers and stakeholders. We couple insights from the workshop and a review of current literature to articulate current scientific understanding, and priorities recommended by workshop participants that target existing knowledge gaps, challenges, and opportunities. Priorities defined at the Agriculture in a Changing Climate workshop highlight the need for ongoing investment in interdisciplinary research integrating social, economic and biophysical sciences, strategic collaborations, and knowledge sharing to develop actionable science that can support informed decision-making in the agriculture sector as the climate changes. AD - Georgine G. Yorgey,Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Washington State University,Mount Vernon, WA, United States,yorgey@wsu.edu AU - Yorgey, Georgine G. AU - Hall, Sonia A. AU - Allen, Elizabeth R. AU - Whitefield, Elizabeth M. AU - Embertson, Nichole M. AU - Jones, Vincent P. AU - Saari, Brooke R. AU - Rajagopalan, Kirti AU - Roesch-McNally, Gabrielle E. AU - Van Horne, Beatrice AU - Abatzoglou, John T. AU - Collins, Harold P. AU - Houston, Laurie L. AU - Ewing, Timothy W. AU - Kruger, Chad E. DA - 2017-August-31 DO - 10.3389/fenvs.2017.00052 KW - Actionable science,Climate services,Knowledge coproduction,Climate Change,mitigation,adaptation,Agriculture,Stakeholders LA - English M3 - Review PY - 2017 SN - 2296-665X SP - 52 ST - Northwest U.S. agriculture in a changing climate: Collaboratively defined research and extension priorities T2 - Frontiers in Environmental Science TI - Northwest U.S. agriculture in a changing climate: Collaboratively defined research and extension priorities VL - 5 ID - 23649 ER - TY - WEB AU - York, Emily AU - Sifuentes, Julie CY - Portland, OR PB - Oregon Health Authority PY - 2016 ST - Oregon Climate and Health Resilience Plan TI - Oregon Climate and Health Resilience Plan UR - http://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/HealthyEnvironments/climatechange/Pages/resilience-plan.aspx ID - 24752 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Young, Adam M. AU - Higuera, Philip E. AU - Duffy, Paul A. AU - Hu, Feng Sheng DO - 10.1111/ecog.02205 IS - 5 PY - 2017 SN - 1600-0587 SP - 606-617 ST - Climatic thresholds shape northern high-latitude fire regimes and imply vulnerability to future climate change T2 - Ecography TI - Climatic thresholds shape northern high-latitude fire regimes and imply vulnerability to future climate change VL - 40 ID - 19894 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Young, Allison M. AU - Skelly, Klint T. AU - Cordeira, Jason M. DO - 10.1002/2017GL073077 IS - 7 KW - atmospheric river flood flash flood debris flow 1840 Hydrometeorology 1821 Floods 1817 Extreme events 1854 Precipitation 3364 Synoptic-scale meteorology PY - 2017 SN - 1944-8007 SP - 3393-3401 ST - High-impact hydrologic events and atmospheric rivers in California: An investigation using the NCEI Storm Events Database T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - High-impact hydrologic events and atmospheric rivers in California: An investigation using the NCEI Storm Events Database VL - 44 ID - 23891 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Young, Derek JN AU - Stevens, Jens T AU - Earles, J Mason AU - Moore, Jeffrey AU - Ellis, Adam AU - Jirka, Amy L AU - Latimer, Andrew M DO - 10.1111/ele.12711 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 1461-0248 SP - 78-86 ST - Long‐term climate and competition explain forest mortality patterns under extreme drought T2 - Ecology Letters TI - Long‐term climate and competition explain forest mortality patterns under extreme drought VL - 20 ID - 22667 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Young, Ian AU - Gropp, Kathleen AU - Fazil, Aamir AU - Smith, Ben A. DA - 2015/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.035 KW - Systematic review Meta-analysis Climate change Oysters Food safety PY - 2015 SN - 0963-9969 SP - 86-93 ST - Knowledge synthesis to support risk assessment of climate change impacts on food and water safety: A case study of the effects of water temperature and salinity on Vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw oysters and harvest waters T2 - Food Research International TI - Knowledge synthesis to support risk assessment of climate change impacts on food and water safety: A case study of the effects of water temperature and salinity on Vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw oysters and harvest waters VL - 68 ID - 24092 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Young, Kristina E. AU - Grover, Henry S. AU - Bowker, Matthew A. DO - 10.1111/nph.13910 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 18-22 ST - Altering biocrusts for an altered climate T2 - New Phytologist TI - Altering biocrusts for an altered climate VL - 210 ID - 26407 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Humans have altered the land cover and biogeochemical cycles of Earth, with many implications for how the study of the distributions of organisms should change. A new biogeography of the Anthropocene could help to develop additional criteria to evaluate the degree and timing of human impacts, and innovative ways to proactively manage biological diversity. Many recent studies have used paleoecological methods to evaluate no-analog conditions in the past, or modeling to evaluate possible futures. Additional approaches are needed for assessment and prediction of how new groupings of species will function ecologically under future climatic and landscape conditions, including methods for studying the effects of biotic homogenization, species extinctions, introduced species, and altered ecosystem processes. AU - Young, Kenneth R. DO - 10.1177/0309133314540930 IS - 5 KW - biodiversity,biogeography,conservation biogeography,land-cover change,no-analog climate,no-analog species assemblage,novel ecosystem,paleoecology,species extinction PY - 2014 SP - 664-673 ST - Biogeography of the Anthropocene: Novel species assemblages T2 - Progress in Physical Geography TI - Biogeography of the Anthropocene: Novel species assemblages VL - 38 ID - 23475 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Lunde, Leiv A2 - Yang, Jian A2 - Stensdal, Iselin AU - Young, Oran R. C4 - 5d2f8927-ebeb-431c-9d60-f000a7d40008 CY - Singapore PB - World Scientific PY - 2016 SN - 978-981-4644-17-4 SP - 15-34 ST - Adaptive governance for a changing Arctic T2 - Asian Countries and the Arctic Future TI - Adaptive governance for a changing Arctic ID - 22333 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Young, Stephen L. DO - 10.1002/bes2.1315 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SN - 2327-6096 SP - 165-172 ST - As climate shifts, so do pests: A national forum and assessment T2 - Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America TI - As climate shifts, so do pests: A national forum and assessment VL - 98 ID - 23592 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Younger, M. AU - Morrow-Almeida, H.R. AU - Vindigni, S.M. AU - Dannenberg, A.L. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.017 IS - 5 PY - 2008 SN - 0749-3797 SP - 517-526 ST - The built environment, climate change, and health: Opportunities for co-benefits T2 - American Journal of Preventive Medicine TI - The built environment, climate change, and health: Opportunities for co-benefits VL - 35 ID - 16051 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yue, Xu AU - Mickley, Loretta J AU - Logan, Jennifer A DO - 10.1007/s00382-013-2022-3 IS - 7-8 PY - 2014 SN - 0930-7575 SP - 1973-1991 ST - Projection of wildfire activity in Southern California in the mid-twenty-first century T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - Projection of wildfire activity in Southern California in the mid-twenty-first century VL - 43 ID - 22668 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yue, X. AU - Mickley, L. J. AU - Logan, J. A. AU - Hudman, R. C. AU - Martin, M. V. AU - Yantosca, R. M. DO - 10.5194/acp-15-10033-2015 IS - 17 PY - 2015 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 10033-10055 ST - Impact of 2050 climate change on North American wildfire: Consequences for ozone air quality T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Impact of 2050 climate change on North American wildfire: Consequences for ozone air quality VL - 15 ID - 20753 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yue, Xu AU - Mickley, Loretta J. AU - Logan, Jennifer A. AU - Kaplan, Jed O. DA - 2013/10/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.003 KW - Wildfire Ensemble projection Fuel load Aerosol concentration PY - 2013 SN - 1352-2310 SP - 767-780 ST - Ensemble projections of wildfire activity and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations over the western United States in the mid-21st century T2 - Atmospheric Environment TI - Ensemble projections of wildfire activity and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations over the western United States in the mid-21st century VL - 77 ID - 24219 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yue, X. AU - Unger, N. AU - Keenan, T. F. AU - Zhang, X. AU - Vogel, C. S. DO - 10.5194/bg-12-4693-2015 IS - 15 N1 - BG PY - 2015 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 4693-4709 ST - Probing the past 30-year phenology trend of US deciduous forests T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Probing the past 30-year phenology trend of US deciduous forests VL - 12 ID - 23476 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Soil erosion by water impacts soil organic carbon stocks and alters CO2 fluxes exchanged with the atmosphere. The role of erosion as a net sink or source of atmospheric CO2 remains highly debated, and little information is available at scales larger than small catchments or regions. This study attempts to quantify the lateral transport of soil carbon and consequent land−atmosphere CO2 fluxes at the scale of China, where severe erosion has occurred for several decades. Based on the distribution of soil erosion rates derived from detailed national surveys and soil carbon inventories, here we show that water erosion in China displaced 180 ± 80 Mt C⋅y−1 of soil organic carbon during the last two decades, and this resulted a net land sink for atmospheric CO2 of 45 ± 25 Mt C⋅y−1, equivalent to 8–37% of the terrestrial carbon sink previously assessed in China. Interestingly, the “hotspots,” largely distributed in mountainous regions in the most intensive sink areas (>40 g C⋅m−2⋅y−1), occupy only 1.5% of the total area suffering water erosion, but contribute 19.3% to the national erosion-induced CO2 sink. The erosion-induced CO2 sink underwent a remarkable reduction of about 16% from the middle 1990s to the early 2010s, due to diminishing erosion after the implementation of large-scale soil conservation programs. These findings demonstrate the necessity of including erosion-induced CO2 in the terrestrial budget, hence reducing the level of uncertainty. AU - Yue, Yao AU - Ni, Jinren AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Piao, Shilong AU - Wang, Tao AU - Huang, Mengtian AU - Borthwick, Alistair G. L. AU - Li, Tianhong AU - Wang, Yichu AU - Chappell, Adrian AU - Van Oost, Kristof DA - June 14, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1523358113 IS - 24 PY - 2016 SP - 6617-6622 ST - Lateral transport of soil carbon and land−atmosphere CO2 flux induced by water erosion in China T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Lateral transport of soil carbon and land−atmosphere CO2 flux induced by water erosion in China VL - 113 ID - 23593 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Yuen, Tina AU - Yurkovich, Eric AU - Grabowski, Lauren AU - Atltshuler, Beth PB - Urban Sustainability Directors Network PY - 2017 SP - 67 ST - Guide to Equitable, Community-Driven Climate Preparedness Planning TI - Guide to Equitable, Community-Driven Climate Preparedness Planning UR - https://www.usdn.org/uploads/cms/documents/usdn_guide_to_equitable_community-driven_climate_preparedness-_high_res.pdf ID - 24801 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We compare life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from several light-duty passenger gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) across US counties by accounting for regional differences due to marginal grid mix, ambient temperature, patterns of vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and driving conditions (city versus highway). We find that PEVs can have larger or smaller carbon footprints than gasoline vehicles, depending on these regional factors and the specific vehicle models being compared. The Nissan Leaf battery electric vehicle has a smaller carbon footprint than the most efficient gasoline vehicle (the Toyota Prius) in the urban counties of California, Texas and Florida, whereas the Prius has a smaller carbon footprint in the Midwest and the South. The Leaf is lower emitting than the Mazda 3 conventional gasoline vehicle in most urban counties, but the Mazda 3 is lower emitting in rural Midwest counties. The Chevrolet Volt plug-in hybrid electric vehicle has a larger carbon footprint than the Prius throughout the continental US, though the Volt has a smaller carbon footprint than the Mazda 3 in many urban counties. Regional grid mix, temperature, driving conditions, and vehicle model all have substantial implications for identifying which technology has the lowest carbon footprint, whereas regional patterns of VMT have a much smaller effect. Given the variation in relative GHG implications, it is unlikely that blunt policy instruments that favor specific technology categories can ensure emission reductions universally. AU - Yuksel, Tugce AU - Tamayao, Mili-Ann M. AU - Hendrickson, Chris AU - Azevedo, Inês M. L. AU - Michalek, Jeremy J. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/044007 IS - 4 PY - 2016 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 044007 ST - Effect of regional grid mix, driving patterns and climate on the comparative carbon footprint of gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles in the United States T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Effect of regional grid mix, driving patterns and climate on the comparative carbon footprint of gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles in the United States VL - 11 ID - 24456 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yun, Josef AU - Greiner, Matthias AU - Höller, Christiane AU - Messelhäusser, Ute AU - Rampp, Albert AU - Klein, Günter DA - 06/21/online DO - 10.1038/srep28442 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SP - 28442 ST - Association between the ambient temperature and the occurrence of human Salmonella and Campylobacter infections T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Association between the ambient temperature and the occurrence of human Salmonella and Campylobacter infections VL - 6 ID - 25310 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Yurok Tribe CY - [Klamath, CA] PB - Yurok Tribe PY - 2013 SP - 52 ST - Yurok Tribe Sustainable Forest Project: Climate Action Reserve (CAR) 777 TI - Yurok Tribe Sustainable Forest Project: Climate Action Reserve (CAR) 777 UR - http://www.yuroktribe.org/departments/forestry/Documents/PDDCAR777v86-27-13.pdf ID - 23897 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yurok Wildland Fire Crew IS - June PY - 2014 SP - 2-4 ST - Fire council ignites long term burn plan T2 - Yorok Today: The Voice of the Yurok People TI - Fire council ignites long term burn plan UR - http://www.yuroktribe.org/documents/2014_june.pdf ID - 23892 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yusa, Anna AU - Berry, Peter AU - J.Cheng, June AU - Ogden, Nicholas AU - Bonsal, Barrie AU - Stewart, Ronald AU - Waldick, Ruth DO - 10.3390/ijerph120708359 IS - 7 PY - 2015 SN - 1660-4601 SP - 8359 ST - Climate change, drought and human health in Canada T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Climate change, drought and human health in Canada VL - 12 ID - 24091 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changing natural conditions determine the land's suitability for agriculture. The growing demand for food, feed, fiber and bioenergy increases pressure on land and causes trade-offs between different uses of land and ecosystem services. Accordingly, an inventory is required on the changing potentially suitable areas for agriculture under changing climate conditions. We applied a fuzzy logic approach to compute global agricultural suitability to grow the 16 most important food and energy crops according to the climatic, soil and topographic conditions at a spatial resolution of 30 arc seconds. We present our results for current climate conditions (1981–2010), considering today's irrigated areas and separately investigate the suitability of densely forested as well as protected areas, in order to investigate their potentials for agriculture. The impact of climate change under SRES A1B conditions, as simulated by the global climate model ECHAM5, on agricultural suitability is shown by comparing the time-period 2071–2100 with 1981–2010. Our results show that climate change will expand suitable cropland by additionally 5.6 million km2, particularly in the Northern high latitudes (mainly in Canada, China and Russia). Most sensitive regions with decreasing suitability are found in the Global South, mainly in tropical regions, where also the suitability for multiple cropping decreases. AU - Zabel, Florian AU - Putzenlechner, Birgitta AU - Mauser, Wolfram DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0107522 IS - 9 PY - 2014 SP - e107522 ST - Global agricultural land resources—A high resolution suitability evaluation and its perspectives until 2100 under climate change conditions T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Global agricultural land resources—A high resolution suitability evaluation and its perspectives until 2100 under climate change conditions VL - 9 ID - 25448 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zaitsev, Yu P. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2419.1992.tb00036.x IS - 2 KW - Black Sea eutrophication fisheries introduced species hypoxia anoxia pollution plankton PY - 1992 SN - 1365-2419 SP - 180-189 ST - Recent changes in the trophic structure of the Black Sea T2 - Fisheries Oceanography TI - Recent changes in the trophic structure of the Black Sea VL - 1 ID - 20395 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat waves and drought are often considered the most damaging climatic stressors for wheat. In this study, we characterize and attribute the effects of these climate extremes on wheat yield anomalies (at global and national scales) from 1980 to 2010. Using a combination of up-to-date heat wave and drought indexes (the latter capturing both excessively dry and wet conditions), we have developed a composite indicator that is able to capture the spatio-temporal characteristics of the underlying physical processes in the different agro-climatic regions of the world. At the global level, our diagnostic explains a significant portion (more than 40%) of the inter-annual production variability. By quantifying the contribution of national yield anomalies to global fluctuations, we have found that just two concurrent yield anomalies affecting the larger producers of the world could be responsible for more than half of the global annual fluctuations. The relative importance of heat stress and drought in determining the yield anomalies depends on the region. Moreover, in contrast to common perception, water excess affects wheat production more than drought in several countries. We have also performed the same analysis at the subnational level for France, which is the largest wheat producer of the European Union, and home to a range of climatic zones. Large subnational variability of inter-annual wheat yield is mostly captured by the heat and water stress indicators, consistently with the country-level result. AU - Zampieri, M. AU - Ceglar, A. AU - Dentener, F. AU - Toreti, A. DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa723b IS - 6 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 064008 ST - Wheat yield loss attributable to heat waves, drought and water excess at the global, national and subnational scales T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Wheat yield loss attributable to heat waves, drought and water excess at the global, national and subnational scales VL - 12 ID - 23594 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Zamuda, Craig CY - Washington, DC PB - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis PY - 2016 SP - 35 ST - A Review of Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments: Current Practices and Lessons Learned From the U.S. Department of Energy’s Partnership for Energy Sector Climate Resilience TI - A Review of Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments: Current Practices and Lessons Learned From the U.S. Department of Energy’s Partnership for Energy Sector Climate Resilience UR - https://www.energy.gov/epsa/downloads/review-climate-change-vulnerability-assessments-current-practices-and-lessons-learned ID - 25433 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reidmiller, D.R. A2 - Avery, C.W. A2 - Easterling, D. A2 - Kunkel, K. A2 - Lewis, K.L.M. A2 - Maycock, T.K. A2 - Stewart, B.C. AU - Zamuda, C. AU - Bilello, D.E. AU - Conzelmann, G. AU - Mecray, E. AU - Satsangi, A. AU - Tidwell, V. AU - Walker, B.J. C4 - 454676c0-25f6-4a40-b2dd-0c7b443aa64f CY - Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH4 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2018 SE - 4 SP - xxx ST - Energy Supply, Delivery, and Demand T2 - Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II TI - Energy Supply, Delivery, and Demand ID - 26638 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Zamuda, Craig AU - Mignone, Bryan AU - Bilello, Dan AU - Hallett, KC AU - Lee, Courtney AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Newmark, Robin AU - Steinberg, Daniel M1 - DOE/PI-0013 PB - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Policy and International Affairs PY - 2013 SP - various ST - U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather TI - U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather UR - https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/07/f2/20130716-Energy%20Sector%20Vulnerabilities%20Report.pdf ID - 23128 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zander, Axel AU - Bersier, Louis-Félix AU - Gray, Sarah M. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13374 IS - 1 KW - bacterial density food web structure microcosm protist community Sarracenia purpurea successional stage temperature variation PY - 2017 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 56-67 ST - Effects of temperature variability on community structure in a natural microbial food web T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Effects of temperature variability on community structure in a natural microbial food web VL - 23 ID - 23477 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zanella, A. AU - Bui, N. AU - Castellani, A. AU - Vangelista, L. AU - Zorzi, M. DO - 10.1109/JIOT.2014.2306328 IS - 1 KW - Internet Internet of Things protocols Padova smart city project Smart City vision advanced communication technology digital services heterogeneous end systems link layer technology urban IoT system value-addedservices Business IEEE 802.15 Standards Monitoring Smart buildings Smart homes Urban areas 6lowPAN Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Smart Cities network architecture sensor system integration service functions and management testbed and trials PY - 2014 SN - 2327-4662 SP - 22-32 ST - Internet of things for smart cities T2 - IEEE Internet of Things Journal TI - Internet of things for smart cities VL - 1 ID - 21389 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zanobetti, A. AU - O'Neill, M.S. AU - Gronlund, C.J. AU - Schwartz, J.D. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1073/pnas.1113070109 IS - 17 PY - 2012 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 6608-6613 ST - Summer temperature variability and long-term survival among elderly people with chronic disease T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Summer temperature variability and long-term survival among elderly people with chronic disease VL - 109 ID - 16060 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ozone has been associated with daily mortality, mainly in the summer period. Despite the ample literature on adaptation of inflammatory and pulmonary responses to ozone, and the link, in cohort studies, between lung function and mortality risk there has been little done to date to examine the question of adaptation in the acute mortality risk associated with ambient ozone. AU - Zanobetti, Antonella AU - Schwartz, Joel DA - May 30 DO - 10.1186/1476-069x-7-22 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2008 SN - 1476-069X SP - 22 ST - Is there adaptation in the ozone mortality relationship: A multi-city case-crossover analysis T2 - Environmental Health TI - Is there adaptation in the ozone mortality relationship: A multi-city case-crossover analysis VL - 7 ID - 25899 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zapata, C. B. AU - Yang, C. AU - Yeh, S. AU - Ogden, J. AU - Kleeman, M. J. DO - 10.5194/acp-18-4817-2018 IS - 7 N1 - ACP PY - 2018 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 4817-4830 ST - Low-carbon energy generates public health savings in California T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Low-carbon energy generates public health savings in California VL - 18 ID - 25209 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Carbon release rates from anthropogenic sources reached a record high of [sim]10[thinsp]Pg C[thinsp]yr-1 in 2014. Geologic analogues from past transient climate changes could provide invaluable constraints on the response of the climate system to such perturbations, but only if the associated carbon release rates can be reliably reconstructed. The Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is known at present to have the highest carbon release rates of the past 66 million years, but robust estimates of the initial rate and onset duration are hindered by uncertainties in age models. Here we introduce a new method to extract rates of change from a sedimentary record based on the relative timing of climate and carbon cycle changes, without the need for an age model. We apply this method to stable carbon and oxygen isotope records from the New Jersey shelf using time-series analysis and carbon cycle-climate modelling. We calculate that the initial carbon release during the onset of the PETM occurred over at least 4,000 years. This constrains the maximum sustained PETM carbon release rate to less than 1.1[thinsp]Pg C[thinsp]yr-1. We conclude that, given currently available records, the present anthropogenic carbon release rate is unprecedented during the past 66 million years. We suggest that such a /`no-analogue[rsquor] state represents a fundamental challenge in constraining future climate projections. Also, future ecosystem disruptions are likely to exceed the relatively limited extinctions observed at the PETM. AU - Zeebe, Richard E. AU - Ridgwell, Andy AU - Zachos, James C. DA - 04//print DO - 10.1038/ngeo2681 IS - 4 M3 - Article PY - 2016 SN - 1752-0894 SP - 325-329 ST - Anthropogenic carbon release rate unprecedented during the past 66 million years T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Anthropogenic carbon release rate unprecedented during the past 66 million years VL - 9 ID - 20119 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zeff, Harrison B. AU - Characklis, Gregory W. DO - 10.1002/wrcr.20364 IS - 8 KW - drought management economics risk management index insurance 1880 Water management 1812 Drought 1884 Water supply PY - 2013 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 4939-4951 ST - Managing water utility financial risks through third-party index insurance contracts T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Managing water utility financial risks through third-party index insurance contracts VL - 49 ID - 21547 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zeff, Harrison B. AU - Herman, Jonathan D. AU - Reed, Patrick M. AU - Characklis, Gregory W. DO - 10.1002/2016WR018771 IS - 9 KW - adaptive planning water management financial risk 1880 Water management 1884 Water supply 1873 Uncertainty assessment 1872 Time series analysis PY - 2016 SN - 1944-7973 SP - 7327-7346 ST - Cooperative drought adaptation: Integrating infrastructure development, conservation, and water transfers into adaptive policy pathways T2 - Water Resources Research TI - Cooperative drought adaptation: Integrating infrastructure development, conservation, and water transfers into adaptive policy pathways VL - 52 ID - 24153 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zeigler, Sara L. AU - Thieler, E. Robert AU - Gutierrez, Benjamin T. AU - Plant, Nathaniel G. AU - Hines, Megan AU - Fraser, James D. AU - Catlin, Daniel H. AU - Karpanty, Sarah M. DO - 10.1002/wsb.820 IS - 4 KW - Atlantic coast barrier islands Bayesian network Charadrius melodus coastal geomorphology habitat availability iPlover nesting habitat piping plovers PY - 2017 SN - 1938-5463 SP - 666-667 ST - Smartphone technologies and Bayesian networks to assess shorebird habitat selection T2 - Wildlife Society Bulletin TI - Smartphone technologies and Bayesian networks to assess shorebird habitat selection VL - 41 ID - 21690 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Observations show that glaciers around the world are in retreat and losing mass. Internationally coordinated for over a century, glacier monitoring activities provide an unprecedented dataset of glacier observations from ground, air and space. Glacier studies generally select specific parts of these datasets to obtain optimal assessments of the mass-balance data relating to the impact that glaciers exercise on global sea-level fluctuations or on regional runoff. In this study we provide an overview and analysis of the main observational datasets compiled by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS). The dataset on glacier front variations (∼42 000 since 1600) delivers clear evidence that centennial glacier retreat is a global phenomenon. Intermittent readvance periods at regional and decadal scale are normally restricted to a subsample of glaciers and have not come close to achieving the maximum positions of the Little Ice Age (or Holocene). Glaciological and geodetic observations (∼5200 since 1850) show that the rates of early 21st-century mass loss are without precedent on a global scale, at least for the time period observed and probably also for recorded history, as indicated also in reconstructions from written and illustrated documents. This strong imbalance implies that glaciers in many regions will very likely suffer further ice loss, even if climate remains stable. AU - Zemp, Michael AU - Frey, Holger AU - Gärtner-Roer, Isabelle AU - Nussbaumer, Samuel U. AU - Hoelzle, Martin AU - Paul, Frank AU - Haeberli, Wilfried AU - Denzinger, Florian AU - Ahlstrøm, Andreas P. AU - Anderson, Brian AU - Bajracharya, Samjwal AU - Baroni, Carlo AU - Braun, Ludwig N. AU - Cáceres, Bolívar E. AU - Casassa, Gino AU - Cobos, Guillermo AU - Dávila, Luzmila R. AU - Delgado Granados, Hugo AU - Demuth, Michael N. AU - Espizua, Lydia AU - Fischer, Andrea AU - Fujita, Koji AU - Gadek, Bogdan AU - Ghazanfar, Ali AU - Hagen, Jon Ove AU - Holmlund, Per AU - Karimi, Neamat AU - Li, Zhongqin AU - Pelto, Mauri AU - Pitte, Pierre AU - Popovnin, Victor V. AU - Portocarrero, Cesar A. AU - Prinz, Rainer AU - Sangewar, Chandrashekhar V. AU - Severskiy, Igor AU - Sigurðsson, Oddur AU - Soruco, Alvaro AU - Usubaliev, Ryskul AU - Vincent, Christian DA - // DO - 10.3189/2015JoG15J017 IS - 228 KW - GLACIER FLUCTUATIONS GLACIER MASS BALANCE MOUNTAIN GLACIERS PY - 2015 SP - 745-762 ST - Historically unprecedented global glacier decline in the early 21st century T2 - Journal of Glaciology TI - Historically unprecedented global glacier decline in the early 21st century VL - 61 ID - 19464 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Zervas, Chris CY - Silver Spring, MD NV - NOAA Technical Report NOS CO-OPS 053 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service PY - 2009 SP - various ST - Sea Level Variations of the United States 1854–2006 TI - Sea Level Variations of the United States 1854–2006 UR - https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/Tech_rpt_53.pdf ID - 24398 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Zervas, Chris CY - Silver Spring, MD NV - NOAA Technical Report NOS CO-OPS 067 PB - NOAA National Ocean Service PY - 2013 SP - 200 ST - Extreme Water Levels of the United States 1893–2010 TI - Extreme Water Levels of the United States 1893–2010 UR - https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/NOAA_Technical_Report_NOS_COOPS_067a.pdf ID - 21548 ER - TY - WEB AU - ZEV PB - Multi-State ZEV (Zero-Emission Vehicle) Task Force PY - 2018 ST - Multi-State ZEV Task Force [web site] TI - Multi-State ZEV Task Force [web site] UR - https://www.zevstates.us/ ID - 26142 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A 20-yr simulation with a fine-resolution regional atmospheric model for projected late twenty-first-century conditions in Hawaii is presented. The pseudo-global-warming method is employed, and the boundary conditions are based on a multimodel mean of projections made with global coupled models run with a moderate greenhouse gas emissions scenario. Results show that surface air temperature over land increases ~2°–4°C with the greatest warming at the highest topographic heights. A modest tendency for the warming to be larger on the leeward sides of the major islands is also apparent. Climatological rainfall is projected to change up to ~25% at many locations. The currently wet windward sides of the major islands will have more clouds and receive more rainfall, while the currently dry leeward sides will generally have even less clouds and rainfall. The average trade wind inversion–base height and the mean marine boundary layer cloud heights are projected to exhibit only small changes. However, the frequency of days with clearly defined trade wind inversions is predicted to increase substantially (~83% to ~91%). The extreme rainfall events are projected to increase significantly. An analysis of the model’s moisture budget in the lower troposphere shows that the increased mean rainfall on the windward sides of the islands is largely attributable to increased boundary layer moisture in the warmer climate. Rainfall changes attributable to mean low-level circulation changes are modest in comparison. AU - Zhang, Chunxi AU - Wang, Yuqing AU - Hamilton, Kevin AU - Lauer, Axel DA - 2016/08/26/ DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0038.1 DP - journals.ametsoc.org (Atypon) IS - 23 PY - 2016 SN - 0894-8755 SP - 8333-8354 ST - Dynamical downscaling of the climate for the Hawaiian Islands. Part II: Projection for the late twenty-first century T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Dynamical downscaling of the climate for the Hawaiian Islands. Part II: Projection for the late twenty-first century VL - 29 ID - 22548 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heat waves have been linked to increased risk of mortality and morbidity, and are projected to increase in frequency and intensity in a changing climate. Houston and other areas in Texas experienced an exceptional heat wave in the summer of 2011 producing the hottest August on record. This study aims to assess the health-related impact of this heat wave. AU - Zhang, Kai AU - Chen, Tsun-Hsuan AU - Begley, Charles E. DA - January 27 DO - 10.1186/1476-069x-14-11 IS - 1 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1476-069X SP - 11 ST - Impact of the 2011 heat wave on mortality and emergency department visits in Houston, Texas T2 - Environmental Health TI - Impact of the 2011 heat wave on mortality and emergency department visits in Houston, Texas VL - 14 ID - 23248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhang, Keqi AU - Liu, Huiqing AU - Li, Yuepeng AU - Xu, Hongzhou AU - Shen, Jian AU - Rhome, Jamie AU - Smith, Thomas J. DA - 2012/05/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2012.02.021 KW - storm surges mangroves bioshields Hurricane Wilma surge modeling PY - 2012 SN - 0272-7714 SP - 11-23 ST - The role of mangroves in attenuating storm surges T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science TI - The role of mangroves in attenuating storm surges VL - 102-103 ID - 23971 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper presents a study of whether transit-oriented development (TOD) helps reduce peak-hour congestion, a topic of ongoing public debate. Applying conventional four-step travel demand modeling techniques, the study simulates traffic outcomes in three TOD scenarios in the Austin, Texas, area, where a commuter rail line is under construction and TOD proposals are being developed. With TOD, the portion of congested roadway in the Austin region is estimated to decrease by nearly 770 lane miles. Daily vehicle miles traveled (VMT) are reduced by 10 to 12 million in the region, or by 3.5 to 4.5 person miles traveled (PMT) per person. This magnitude of congestion relief for peak-hour commuting indicates a potentially significant amount of savings in highway investments through TOD practice. No major modal shifts from driving to transit or non-motorized modes occur in the TOD scenario. Still, PMT for transit is estimated to grow significantly. TOD's role as a congestion relief strategy largely lies in the concentrated development that shortens average trip length and hence generates less VMT and PMT than low-density sprawl. The study results also reveal challenges facing TOD practice: the non-TOD area benefits more than the TOD area, although TOD improves congestion regionwide. Traffic conditions in the TOD area may actually worsen due to the TOD-based concentration of people and jobs. Promoting walking or biking to minimize local driving is thus critical for TOD to succeed. AU - Zhang, Ming DO - 10.3141/2174-19 PY - 2010 SP - 148-155 ST - Can transit-oriented development reduce peak-hour congestion? T2 - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board TI - Can transit-oriented development reduce peak-hour congestion? VL - 2174 ID - 26041 ER - TY - WEB AU - Zhang, Ping AU - Imhoff, Marc CY - Greenbelt, MD PB - NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center PY - 2010 ST - Satellites Pinpoint Drivers of Urban Heat Islands in the Northeast TI - Satellites Pinpoint Drivers of Urban Heat Islands in the Northeast UR - https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/heat-island-sprawl.html ID - 21901 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhang, Xuebin AU - Alexander, Lisa AU - Hegerl, Gabriele C. AU - Jones, Philip AU - Tank, Albert Klein AU - Peterson, Thomas C. AU - Trewin, Blair AU - Zwiers, Francis W. DO - 10.1002/wcc.147 IS - 6 PY - 2011 SN - 1757-7799 SP - 851-870 ST - Indices for monitoring changes in extremes based on daily temperature and precipitation data T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change TI - Indices for monitoring changes in extremes based on daily temperature and precipitation data VL - 2 ID - 20273 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhang, Yuqiang AU - Bowden, Jared H. AU - Adelman, Zachariah AU - Naik, Vaishali AU - Horowitz, Larry W. AU - Smith, Steven J. AU - West, Jason J. DO - 10.5194/acp-16-9533-2016 IS - 15 N1 - ACP PY - 2016 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 9533-9548 ST - Co-benefits of global and regional greenhouse gas mitigation for US air quality in 2050 T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Co-benefits of global and regional greenhouse gas mitigation for US air quality in 2050 VL - 16 ID - 24218 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can bring ancillary benefits of improved air quality and reduced premature mortality, in addition to slowing climate change. Here we study the co-benefits of global and domestic GHG mitigation on US air quality and human health in 2050 at fine resolution using dynamical downscaling of meteorology and air quality from global simulations to the continental US, and quantify for the first time the co-benefits from foreign GHG mitigation. Relative to the reference scenario from which Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) was created, global GHG reductions in RCP4.5 avoid 16 000 PM 2.5 -related all-cause deaths yr −1 (90% confidence interval, 11 700–20 300), and 8000 (3600–12 400) O 3 -related respiratory deaths yr −1 in the US in 2050. Foreign GHG mitigation avoids 15% and 62% of PM 2.5 -and O 3 -related total avoided deaths, highlighting the importance of foreign mitigation for US health. GHG mitigation in the US residential sector brings the largest co-benefits for PM 2.5 -related deaths (21% of total domestic co-benefits), and industry for O 3 (17%). Monetized benefits for avoided deaths from ozone and PM 2.5 are $137 ($87–$187) per ton CO 2 at high valuation and $45 ($29–62) at low valuation, of which 31% are from foreign GHG reductions. These benefits likely exceed the marginal cost of GHG reductions in 2050. The US gains significantly greater air quality and health co-benefits when its GHG emission reductions are concurrent with reductions in other nations. Similarly, previous studies estimating co-benefits locally or regionally may greatly underestimate the full co-benefits of coordinated global actions. AU - Zhang, Yuqiang AU - Smith, Steven J. AU - Bowden, Jared H. AU - Adelman, Zachariah AU - West, J. Jason DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aa8f76 IS - 11 PY - 2017 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 114033 ST - Co-benefits of global, domestic, and sectoral greenhouse gas mitigation for US air quality and human health in 2050 T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Co-benefits of global, domestic, and sectoral greenhouse gas mitigation for US air quality and human health in 2050 VL - 12 ID - 25210 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhang, Yongguang AU - Susan Moran, M. AU - Nearing, Mark A. AU - Ponce Campos, Guillermo E. AU - Huete, Alfredo R. AU - Buda, Anthony R. AU - Bosch, David D. AU - Gunter, Stacey A. AU - Kitchen, Stanley G. AU - Henry McNab, W. AU - Morgan, Jack A. AU - McClaran, Mitchel P. AU - Montoya, Diane S. AU - Peters, Debra P. C. AU - Starks, Patrick J. DO - 10.1029/2012JG002136 IS - 1 KW - ANPP biomes climate change MODIS EVI extreme precipitation patterns 0414 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 0456 Life in extreme environments 0480 Remote sensing PY - 2013 SN - 2169-8961 SP - 148-157 ST - Extreme precipitation patterns and reductions of terrestrial ecosystem production across biomes T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences TI - Extreme precipitation patterns and reductions of terrestrial ecosystem production across biomes VL - 118 ID - 23478 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ground-level ozone is adverse to human and vegetation health. High ground-level ozone concentrations usually occur over the United States in the summer, often referred to as the ozone season. However, observed monthly mean ozone concentrations in the southeastern United States were higher in October than July in 2010. The October ozone average in 2010 reached that of July in the past three decades (1980–2010). Our analysis shows that this extreme October ozone in 2010 over the Southeast is due in part to a dry and warm weather condition, which enhances photochemical production, air stagnation, and fire emissions. Observational evidence and modeling analysis also indicate that another significant contributor is enhanced emissions of biogenic isoprene, a major ozone precursor, from water-stressed plants under a dry and warm condition. The latter finding is corroborated by recent laboratory and field studies. This climate-induced biogenic control also explains the puzzling fact that the two extremes of high October ozone both occurred in the 2000s when anthropogenic emissions were lower than the 1980s and 1990s, in contrast to the observed decreasing trend of July ozone in the region. The occurrences of a drying and warming fall, projected by climate models, will likely lead to more active photochemistry, enhanced biogenic isoprene and fire emissions, an extension of the ozone season from summer to fall, and an increase of secondary organic aerosols in the Southeast, posing challenges to regional air quality management. AU - Zhang, Yuzhong AU - Wang, Yuhang DA - September 6, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1602563113 IS - 36 PY - 2016 SP - 10025-10030 ST - Climate-driven ground-level ozone extreme in the fall over the Southeast United States T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Climate-driven ground-level ozone extreme in the fall over the Southeast United States VL - 113 ID - 24396 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhang, Y. H. Percival DO - 10.1002/ese3.2 IS - 1 KW - Artificial photosynthesis biofuels biomass role biorefineries energy–food–water nexus food– biofuels–environmental trilemma food security PY - 2013 SN - 2050-0505 SP - 27-41 ST - Next generation biorefineries will solve the food, biofuels, and environmental trilemma in the energy–food–water nexus T2 - Energy Science & Engineering TI - Next generation biorefineries will solve the food, biofuels, and environmental trilemma in the energy–food–water nexus VL - 1 ID - 23252 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhang, Yu-quan AU - Cai, Yong-xia AU - Beach, Robert H. AU - McCarl, Bruce A. DA - 2014/04/01/ DO - 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60699-1 IS - 4 KW - climate change relative competitiveness trade agricultural sector model (ASM) PY - 2014 SN - 2095-3119 SP - 666-676 ST - Modeling climate change impacts on the US agricultural exports T2 - Journal of Integrative Agriculture TI - Modeling climate change impacts on the US agricultural exports VL - 13 ID - 25757 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wheat, rice, maize, and soybean provide two-thirds of human caloric intake. Assessing the impact of global temperature increase on production of these crops is therefore critical to maintaining global food supply, but different studies have yielded different results. Here, we investigated the impacts of temperature on yields of the four crops by compiling extensive published results from four analytical methods: global grid-based and local point-based models, statistical regressions, and field-warming experiments. Results from the different methods consistently showed negative temperature impacts on crop yield at the global scale, generally underpinned by similar impacts at country and site scales. Without CO2 fertilization, effective adaptation, and genetic improvement, each degree-Celsius increase in global mean temperature would, on average, reduce global yields of wheat by 6.0%, rice by 3.2%, maize by 7.4%, and soybean by 3.1%. Results are highly heterogeneous across crops and geographical areas, with some positive impact estimates. Multimethod analyses improved the confidence in assessments of future climate impacts on global major crops and suggest crop- and region-specific adaptation strategies to ensure food security for an increasing world population. AU - Zhao, Chuang AU - Liu, Bing AU - Piao, Shilong AU - Wang, Xuhui AU - Lobell, David B. AU - Huang, Yao AU - Huang, Mengtian AU - Yao, Yitong AU - Bassu, Simona AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Durand, Jean-Louis AU - Elliott, Joshua AU - Ewert, Frank AU - Janssens, Ivan A. AU - Li, Tao AU - Lin, Erda AU - Liu, Qiang AU - Martre, Pierre AU - Müller, Christoph AU - Peng, Shushi AU - Peñuelas, Josep AU - Ruane, Alex C. AU - Wallach, Daniel AU - Wang, Tao AU - Wu, Donghai AU - Liu, Zhuo AU - Zhu, Yan AU - Zhu, Zaichun AU - Asseng, Senthold DA - August 29, 2017 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1701762114 IS - 35 PY - 2017 SP - 9326-9331 ST - Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates VL - 114 ID - 23596 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhao, Jin AU - Xue, Qingwu AU - Jessup, Kirk E. AU - Hao, Baozhen AU - Hou, Xiaobo AU - Marek, Thomas H. AU - Xu, Wenwei AU - Evett, Steven R. AU - O’Shaughnessy, Susan A. AU - Brauer, David K. DA - 2018/02/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.fcr.2017.11.001 KW - Drought-tolerant hybrid Soil water extraction Deficit irrigation Evapotranspiration PY - 2018 SN - 0378-4290 SP - 1-9 ST - Yield and water use of drought-tolerant maize hybrids in a semiarid environment T2 - Field Crops Research TI - Yield and water use of drought-tolerant maize hybrids in a semiarid environment VL - 216 ID - 25529 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhao, Kaiguang AU - Jackson, Robert B DO - 10.1890/12-1705.1 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SN - 1557-7015 SP - 329-353 ST - Biophysical forcings of land‐use changes from potential forestry activities in North America T2 - Ecological Monographs TI - Biophysical forcings of land‐use changes from potential forestry activities in North America VL - 84 ID - 22669 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhao, Lei AU - Lee, Xuhui AU - Smith, Ronald B. AU - Oleson, Keith DA - 07/10/print DO - 10.1038/nature13462 IS - 7508 M3 - Letter PY - 2014 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 216-219 ST - Strong contributions of local background climate to urban heat islands T2 - Nature TI - Strong contributions of local background climate to urban heat islands VL - 511 ID - 19795 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhao, M. AU - Pitman, A. J. AU - Chase, T. DO - 10.1007/pl00013740 IS - 5 M3 - journal article PY - 2001 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 467-477 ST - The impact of land cover change on the atmospheric circulation T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - The impact of land cover change on the atmospheric circulation VL - 17 ID - 22670 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While most models project large increases in agricultural drought frequency and severity in the 21st century, significant uncertainties exist in these projections. Here, we compare the model-simulated changes with observation-based estimates since 1900 and examine model projections from both the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) and Phase 5 (CMIP5). We use the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index with the Penman-Monteith potential evapotranspiration (PET) (sc_PDSI_pm) as a measure of agricultural drought. Results show that estimated long-term changes in global and hemispheric drought areas from 1900 to 2014 are consistent with the CMIP3 and CMIP5 model-simulated response to historical greenhouse gases and other external forcing, with the short-term variations within the model spread of internal variability, despite that regional changes are still dominated by internal variability. Both the CMIP3 and CMIP5 models project continued increases (by 50–200 % in a relative sense) in the 21st century in global agricultural drought frequency and area even under low-moderate emissions scenarios, resulting from a decrease in the mean and flattening of the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the sc_PDSI_pm. This flattening is especially pronounced over the Northern Hemisphere land, leading to increased drought frequency even over areas with increasing sc_PDSI_pm. Large differences exist in the CMIP3 and CMIP5 model-projected precipitation and drought changes over the Sahel and northern Australia due to uncertainties in simulating the African Inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the subsidence zone over northern Australia, while the wetting trend over East Africa reflects a robust response of the Indian Ocean ITCZ seen in both the CMIP3 and CMIP5 models. While warming-induced PET increases over all latitudes and precipitation decreases over subtropical land are responsible for mean sc_PDSI_pm decreases, the exact cause of its PDF flattening needs further investigation. AU - Zhao, Tianbao AU - Dai, Aiguo DA - October 01 DO - 10.1007/s10584-016-1742-x IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2017 SN - 1573-1480 SP - 535-548 ST - Uncertainties in historical changes and future projections of drought. Part II: Model-simulated historical and future drought changes T2 - Climatic Change TI - Uncertainties in historical changes and future projections of drought. Part II: Model-simulated historical and future drought changes VL - 144 ID - 23595 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Air pollution constitutes a significant stimulus of asthma exacerbations; however, the impacts of exposure to major air pollutants on asthma-related hospital admissions and emergency room visits (ERVs) have not been fully determined. Objective We sought to quantify the associations between short-term exposure to air pollutants [ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter ≤10μm (PM10) and PM2.5] and the asthma-related emergency room visits (ERV) and hospitalizations. Methods Systematic computerized searches without language limitation were performed. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated using the random-effect models. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were also performed. Results After screening of 246 studies, 87 were included in our analyses. Air pollutants were associated with significantly increased risks of asthma ERVs and hospitalizations [O3: RR(95%CI), 1.009 (1.006, 1.011); I2 = 87.8%, population-attributable fraction (PAF) (95%CI): 0.8 (0.6, 1.1); CO: RR(95%CI), 1.045 (1.029, 1.061); I2 = 85.7%, PAF (95%CI): 4.3 (2.8, 5.7); NO2: RR(95%CI), 1.018 (1.014, 1.022); I2 = 87.6%, PAF (95%CI): 1.8 (1.4, 2.2); SO2: RR(95%CI), 1.011 (1.007, 1.015); I2 = 77.1%, PAF (95%CI): 1.1 (0.7, 1.5); PM10: RR(95%CI), 1.010 (1.008, 1.013); I2 = 69.1%, PAF (95%CI): 1.1 (0.8, 1.3); PM2.5: RR(95%CI), 1.023 (1.015, 1.031); I2 = 82.8%, PAF (95%CI): 2.3 (1.5, 3.1)]. Sensitivity analyses yielded compatible findings as compared with the overall analyses without publication bias. Stronger associations were found in hospitalized males, children and elderly patients in warm seasons with lag of 2 days or greater. Conclusion Short-term exposures to air pollutants account for increased risks of asthma-related ERVs and hospitalizations that constitute a considerable healthcare utilization and socioeconomic burden. AU - Zheng, Xue-yan AU - Ding, Hong AU - Jiang, Li-na AU - Chen, Shao-wei AU - Zheng, Jin-ping AU - Qiu, Min AU - Zhou, Ying-xue AU - Chen, Qing AU - Guan, Wei-jie DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0138146 IS - 9 PY - 2015 SP - e0138146 ST - Association between air pollutants and asthma emergency room visits and hospital admissions in time series studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Association between air pollutants and asthma emergency room visits and hospital admissions in time series studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis VL - 10 ID - 24217 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhong, Yafang AU - Notaro, Michael AU - Vavrus, Stephen J. AU - Foster, Michael J. DO - 10.1002/lno.10331 IS - 5 PY - 2016 SN - 1939-5590 SP - 1762-1786 ST - Recent accelerated warming of the Laurentian Great Lakes: Physical drivers T2 - Limnology and Oceanography TI - Recent accelerated warming of the Laurentian Great Lakes: Physical drivers VL - 61 ID - 21110 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Zhorov, Irina C4 - ebe3cfe9-49da-4303-8435-b99528f0c421 PY - 2013 ST - Why did South Dakota snowstorm kill so many cattle? T2 - National Geographic TI - Why did South Dakota snowstorm kill so many cattle? UR - https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/10/131022-cattle-blizzard-south-dakota-winter-storm-atlas/ ID - 23650 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhou, Liming AU - Dickinson, Robert E AU - Tian, Yuhong AU - Fang, Jingyun AU - Li, Qingxiang AU - Kaufmann, Robert K AU - Tucker, Compton J AU - Myneni, Ranga B DO - 10.1890/12-1705.1 IS - 26 PY - 2004 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 9540-9544 ST - Evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate in China T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate in China VL - 101 ID - 22671 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Understanding historical changes in flood damage and the underlying mechanisms is critical for predicting future changes for better adaptations. In this study, a detailed assessment of flood damage for 1950–1999 is conducted at the state level in the conterminous United States (CONUS). Geospatial datasets on possible influencing factors are then developed by synthesizing natural hazards, population, wealth, cropland and urban area to explore the relations with flood damage. A considerable increase in flood damage in CONUS is recorded for the study period which is well correlated with hazards. Comparably, runoff indexed hazards simulated by the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model can explain a larger portion of flood damage variations than precipitation in 84% of the states. Cropland is identified as an important factor contributing to increased flood damage in central US while urbanland exhibits positive and negative relations with total flood damage and damage per unit wealth in 20 and 16 states, respectively. Overall, flood damage in 34 out of 48 investigated states can be predicted at the 90% confidence level. In extreme cases, ~76% of flood damage variations can be explained in some states, highlighting the potential of future flood damage prediction based on climate change and socioeconomic scenarios. AU - Zhou, Qianqian AU - Leng, Guoyong AU - Feng, Leyang DA - 2017/07/13 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-05773-4 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 5354 ST - Predictability of state-level flood damage in the conterminous United States: The role of hazard, exposure and vulnerability T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Predictability of state-level flood damage in the conterminous United States: The role of hazard, exposure and vulnerability VL - 7 ID - 25278 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhou, Q. AU - Leng, G. AU - Huang, M. DO - 10.5194/hess-22-305-2018 IS - 1 N1 - HESS PY - 2018 SN - 1607-7938 SP - 305-316 ST - Impacts of future climate change on urban flood volumes in Hohhot in northern China: Benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptations T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences TI - Impacts of future climate change on urban flood volumes in Hohhot in northern China: Benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptations VL - 22 ID - 25277 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The urban heat island (UHI), together with summertime heat waves, foster’s biophysical hazards such as heat stress, air pollution, and associated public health problems. Mitigation strategies such as increased vegetative cover and higher albedo surface materials have been proposed. Atlanta, Georgia, is often affected by extreme heat, and has recently been investigated to better understand its heat island and related weather modifications. The objectives of this research were to (1) characterize temporal variations in the magnitude of UHI around Metro Atlanta area, (2) identify climatological attributes of the UHI under extremely high temperature conditions during Atlanta’s summer (June, July, and August) period, and (3) conduct theoretical numerical simulations to quantify the first-order effects of proposed mitigation strategies. Over the period 1984–2007, the climatological mean UHI magnitude for Atlanta-Athens and Athens-Monticello was 1.31 and 1.71°C, respectively. There were statistically significant minimum temperature trends of 0.70°C per decade at Athens and −1.79°C per decade at Monticello while Atlanta’s minimum temperature remained unchanged. The largest (smallest) UHI magnitudes were in spring (summer) and may be coupled to cloud-radiative cycles. Heat waves in Atlanta occurred during 50% of the years spanning 1984–2007 and were exclusively summertime phenomena. The mean number of heat wave events in Atlanta during a given heat wave year was 1.83. On average, Atlanta heat waves lasted 14.18 days, although there was quite a bit of variability (standard deviation of 9.89). The mean maximum temperature during Atlanta’s heat waves was 35.85°C. The Atlanta-Athens UHI was not statistically larger during a heat wave although the Atlanta-Monticello UHI was. Model simulations captured daytime and nocturnal UHIs under heat wave conditions. Sensitivity results suggested that a 100% increase in Atlanta’s surface vegetation or a tripling of its albedo effectively reduced UHI surface temperature. However, from a mitigation and technological standpoint, there is low feasibility of tripling albedo in the foreseeable future. Increased vegetation seems to be a more likely choice for mitigating surface temperature. AU - Zhou, Yan AU - Shepherd, J. Marshall DA - March 01 DO - 10.1007/s11069-009-9406-z IS - 3 M3 - journal article PY - 2010 SN - 1573-0840 SP - 639-668 ST - Atlanta’s urban heat island under extreme heat conditions and potential mitigation strategies T2 - Natural Hazards TI - Atlanta’s urban heat island under extreme heat conditions and potential mitigation strategies VL - 52 ID - 24397 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhu, Kai AU - Woodall, Christopher W. AU - Clark, James S. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02571.x IS - 3 KW - biogeography climate change Forest Inventory and Analysis latitude presence/absence range shift seedling tree migration PY - 2012 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1042-1052 ST - Failure to migrate: Lack of tree range expansion in response to climate change T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Failure to migrate: Lack of tree range expansion in response to climate change VL - 18 ID - 21936 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhu, Zaichun AU - Piao, Shilong AU - Myneni, Ranga B. AU - Huang, Mengtian AU - Zeng, Zhenzhong AU - Canadell, Josep G. AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Sitch, Stephen AU - Friedlingstein, Pierre AU - Arneth, Almut AU - Cao, Chunxiang AU - Cheng, Lei AU - Kato, Etsushi AU - Koven, Charles AU - Li, Yue AU - Lian, Xu AU - Liu, Yongwen AU - Liu, Ronggao AU - Mao, Jiafu AU - Pan, Yaozhong AU - Peng, Shushi AU - Penuelas, Josep AU - Poulter, Benjamin AU - Pugh, Thomas A. M. AU - Stocker, Benjamin D. AU - Viovy, Nicolas AU - Wang, Xuhui AU - Wang, Yingping AU - Xiao, Zhiqiang AU - Yang, Hui AU - Zaehle, Sonke AU - Zeng, Ning DA - 08//print DO - 10.1038/nclimate3004 IS - 8 M3 - Letter PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X SP - 791-795 ST - Greening of the Earth and its drivers T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Greening of the Earth and its drivers VL - 6 ID - 19794 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Ziegler, A.C. C4 - 0bda6ea6-1229-4e48-95ec-d258960736b7 PB - University of Hawaii Press PY - 2002 SN - 0824821904 SP - 477 ST - Hawaiian Natural History, Ecology, and Evolution TI - Hawaiian Natural History, Ecology, and Evolution ID - 16077 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziegler, Carol AU - Morelli, Vincent AU - Fawibe, Omotayo DA - 2017/03/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.pop.2016.09.017 IS - 1 KW - Climate change Global warming Greenhouse gases Greenhouse gas emissions Patient education PY - 2017 SN - 0095-4543 SP - 171-184 ST - Climate change and underserved communities T2 - Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice TI - Climate change and underserved communities VL - 44 ID - 23895 ER - TY - MGZN AU - Zielinski, Sarah DA - September 1 PY - 2016 ST - Seven ways Alaska is seeing climate change in action T2 - Smithsonian.com TI - Seven ways Alaska is seeing climate change in action UR - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/seven-ways-alaska-seeing-climate-change-action-180956479/ ID - 25818 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziemen, Florian A. AU - Hock, Regine AU - Aschwanden, Andy AU - Khroulev, Constantine AU - Kienholz, Christian AU - Melkonian, Andrew AU - Zhang, Jing DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/jog.2016.13 DP - Cambridge University Press ET - 03/23 IS - 231 KW - Ice sheet modeling Juneau Icefield Alaska Glacier Climate downscaling mass balance PY - 2016 SN - 0022-1430 SP - 199-214 ST - Modeling the evolution of the Juneau Icefield between 1971 and 2100 using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) T2 - Journal of Glaciology TI - Modeling the evolution of the Juneau Icefield between 1971 and 2100 using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) VL - 62 ID - 22334 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the introductory article to a six-part PLoS Medicine series on Migration & Health, series guest editors Cathy Zimmerman, Mazeda Hossain, and Ligia Kiss outline a migratory process framework that involves five phases: pre-departure, travel, destination, interception, and return. AU - Zimmerman, Cathy AU - Kiss, Ligia AU - Hossain, Mazeda DO - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001034 IS - 5 PY - 2011 SP - e1001034 ST - Migration and health: A framework for 21st century policy-making T2 - PLOS Medicine TI - Migration and health: A framework for 21st century policy-making VL - 8 ID - 26254 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Zimmerman, Rae AU - Restrepo, Carlos E. AU - Sellers, Joshua AU - Amirapu, Arundathis AU - Pearson, Theodore R. CY - New York, NY PB - U.S. Department of Transportation, Region 2 Urban Transportation Research Center; NYU-Wagner PY - 2014 SP - 61 ST - Promoting Transportation Flexibility in Extreme Events Through Multi-Modal Connectivity TI - Promoting Transportation Flexibility in Extreme Events Through Multi-Modal Connectivity UR - https://wagner.nyu.edu/files/faculty/publications/Final-NYU-Extreme-Events-Research-Report.pdf ID - 21928 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anthropogenic climate change has created myriad stressors that threaten to cause local extinctions if wild populations fail to adapt to novel conditions. We studied individual and population-level fitness costs of a climate change-induced stressor: camouflage mismatch in seasonally colour molting species confronting decreasing snow cover duration. Based on field measurements of radiocollared snowshoe hares, we found strong selection on coat colour molt phenology, such that animals mismatched with the colour of their background experienced weekly survival decreases up to 7%. In the absence of adaptive response, we show that these mortality costs would result in strong population-level declines by the end of the century. However, natural selection acting on wide individual variation in molt phenology might enable evolutionary adaptation to camouflage mismatch. We conclude that evolutionary rescue will be critical for hares and other colour molting species to keep up with climate change. AU - Zimova, Marketa AU - Mills, L. Scott AU - Nowak, J. Joshua DO - 10.1111/ele.12568 IS - 3 PY - 2016 SP - 299-307 ST - High fitness costs of climate change-induced camouflage mismatch T2 - Ecology Letters TI - High fitness costs of climate change-induced camouflage mismatch VL - 19 ID - 26422 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Since the Oklahoma Mesonet (the state’s automated mesoscale weather station network) was established in 1994, it has served a number of diverse groups and provided public services to foster weather preparedness, education, and public safety, while also supporting decision-making in agricultural production and wildland fire management.With 121 monitoring stations across the state, the Oklahoma Mesonet has developed an array of technologies to observe a variety of atmospheric and soil variables in 5- to 30-min intervals. These consistent observations have been especially critical for predicting and preparing for extreme weather events like droughts, floods, ice storms, and severe convective storms as well as for development of value-added tools. The tools, outreach programs, and mesoscale data have been widely utilized by the general public, state decision-makers, public safety officials, K–12 community, agricultural sector, and researchers, thus generating wide societal and economic benefits to many groups.Based on practical application examples of weather information provided by the Oklahoma Mesonet, this paper analyzes both benefits generated by Oklahoma Mesonet information to the public and decision-makers and ripple effects (spreading amplified outcomes/implications) of those benefits in the short and long term. The paper further details ongoing and anticipated Oklahoma Mesonet innovations as a response to changing needs for weather-related information over time, especially as a result of technological developments and weather variability. AU - Ziolkowska, Jadwiga R. AU - Fiebrich, Christopher A. AU - Carlson, J. D. AU - Melvin, Andrea D. AU - Sutherland, Albert J. AU - Kloesel, Kevin A. AU - McManus, Gary D. AU - Illston, Bradley G. AU - Hocker, James E. AU - Reyes, Reuben DO - 10.1175/wcas-d-16-0139.1 IS - 3 KW - Social Science,Mesoscale systems,Automatic weather stations,In situ atmospheric observations,Nowcasting PY - 2017 SP - 499-519 ST - Benefits and beneficiaries of the Oklahoma Mesonet: A multisectoral ripple effect analysis T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society TI - Benefits and beneficiaries of the Oklahoma Mesonet: A multisectoral ripple effect analysis VL - 9 ID - 25778 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Ziska, Lewis AU - Crimmins, Allison AU - Auclair, Allan AU - DeGrasse, Stacey AU - Garofalo, Jada F. AU - Khan, Ali S. AU - Loladze, Irakli AU - Pérez de León, Adalberto A. AU - Showler, Allan AU - Thurston, Jeanette AU - Walls, Isabel C4 - 1ef11bf5-fb98-4f4f-905d-4990936ef52f CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.7930/J0ZP4417 PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2016 SP - 189–216 ST - Ch. 7: Food safety, nutrition, and distribution T2 - The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment TI - Ch. 7: Food safety, nutrition, and distribution ID - 19379 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A fundamental aspect of climate change is the potential shifts in flowering phenology and pollen initiation associated with milder winters and warmer seasonal air temperature. Earlier floral anthesis has been suggested, in turn, to have a role in human disease by increasing time of exposure to pollen that causes allergic rhinitis and related asthma. However, earlier floral initiation does not necessarily alter the temporal duration of the pollen season, and, to date, no consistent continental trend in pollen season length has been demonstrated. Here we report that duration of the ragweed (Ambrosia spp.) pollen season has been increasing in recent decades as a function of latitude in North America. Latitudinal effects on increasing season length were associated primarily with a delay in first frost of the fall season and lengthening of the frost free period. Overall, these data indicate a significant increase in the length of the ragweed pollen season by as much as 13-27 d at latitudes above similar to 44 degrees N since 1995. This is consistent with recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections regarding enhanced warming as a function of latitude. If similar warming trends accompany long-term climate change, greater exposure times to seasonal allergens may occur with subsequent effects on public health. AU - Ziska, L. AU - Knowlton, K. AU - Rogers, C. AU - Dalan, D. AU - Tierney, N. AU - Elder, M. A. AU - Filley, W. AU - Shropshire, J. AU - Ford, L. B. AU - Hedberg, C. AU - Fleetwood, P. AU - Hovanky, K. T. AU - Kavanaugh, T. AU - Fulford, G. AU - Vrtis, R. F. AU - Patz, J. A. AU - Portnoy, J. AU - Coates, F. AU - Bielory, L. AU - Frenz, D. C6 - NCA DA - Mar 8 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1014107108 IS - 10 KW - aerobiology; allergies; global warming; ambrosia-artemisiifolia l.; climate-change; common ragweed; public-health; united-states; aeroallergens; allergy; urbanization; temperatures; counts LA - English PY - 2011 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 4248-4251 ST - Recent warming by latitude associated with increased length of ragweed pollen season in central North America T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Recent warming by latitude associated with increased length of ragweed pollen season in central North America VL - 108 ID - 16081 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziska, L.H. C6 - NCA DO - 10.1093/jxb/erg027 IS - 381 PY - 2003 SN - 0022-0957 SP - 395-404 ST - Evaluation of the growth response of six invasive species to past, present and future atmospheric carbon dioxide T2 - Journal of Experimental Botany TI - Evaluation of the growth response of six invasive species to past, present and future atmospheric carbon dioxide VL - 54 ID - 16084 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Beggs, Paul J. AU - Ziska, Lewis H. C4 - b95e5f99-5555-476e-a026-09597b43f8be CY - Cambridge DB - Cambridge Core DO - 10.1017/CBO9781107272859.007 DP - Cambridge University Press PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2016 SE - 6 SN - 9781107048935 9781107272859 SP - 92-112 ST - Impacts of climate change on allergen seasonality T2 - Impacts of Climate Change on Allergens and Allergic Diseases TI - Impacts of climate change on allergen seasonality ID - 24216 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziska, Lewis H. AU - Beggs, Paul J. DA - 2012/01/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.032 IS - 1 KW - Climate change aerobiology pollen allergen allergic rhinitis asthma exposure PY - 2012 SN - 0091-6749 SP - 27-32 ST - Anthropogenic climate change and allergen exposure: The role of plant biology T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology TI - Anthropogenic climate change and allergen exposure: The role of plant biology VL - 129 ID - 23896 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although recent and projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide can alter plant phenological development, these changes have not been quantified in terms of floral outcrossing rates or gene transfer. Could differential phenological development in response to rising CO2 between genetically modified crops and wild, weedy relatives increase the spread of novel genes, potentially altering evolutionary fitness? Here we show that increasing CO2 from an early 20th century concentration (300 µmol mol−1) to current (400 µmol mol−1) and projected, mid-21st century (600 µmol mol−1) values, enhanced the flow of genes from wild, weedy rice to the genetically altered, herbicide resistant, cultivated population, with outcrossing increasing from 0.22% to 0.71% from 300 to 600 µmol mol−1. The increase in outcrossing and gene transfer was associated with differential increases in plant height, as well as greater tiller and panicle production in the wild, relative to the cultivated population. In addition, increasing CO2 also resulted in a greater synchronicity in flowering times between the two populations. The observed changes reported here resulted in a subsequent increase in rice dedomestication and a greater number of weedy, herbicide-resistant hybrid progeny. Overall, these data suggest that differential phenological responses to rising atmospheric CO2 could result in enhanced flow of novel genes and greater success of feral plant species in agroecosystems. AU - Ziska, Lewis H. AU - Gealy, David R. AU - Tomecek, Martha B. AU - Jackson, Aaron K. AU - Black, Howard L. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0037522 IS - 5 PY - 2012 SP - e37522 ST - Recent and projected increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration can enhance gene flow between wild and genetically altered rice (Oryza sativa) T2 - PLOS ONE TI - Recent and projected increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration can enhance gene flow between wild and genetically altered rice (Oryza sativa) VL - 7 ID - 26675 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziska, Lewis H. AU - Gebhard, Dennis E. AU - Frenz, David A. AU - Faulkner, Shaun AU - Singer, Benjamin D. AU - Straka, James G. DO - 10.1067/mai.2003.53 IS - 2 N1 - Ch9 PY - 2003 SN - 00916749 SP - 290-295 ST - Cities as harbingers of climate change: Common ragweed, urbanization, and public health T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology TI - Cities as harbingers of climate change: Common ragweed, urbanization, and public health VL - 111 ID - 17892 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziska, Lewis H. AU - McConnell, Laura L. DO - 10.1021/jf506101h IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 6-12 ST - Climate change, carbon dioxide, and pest biology: Monitor, mitigate, manage T2 - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry TI - Climate change, carbon dioxide, and pest biology: Monitor, mitigate, manage VL - 64 ID - 19118 ER - TY - JOUR AB - At present, there is substantive evidence that the nutritional content of agriculturally important food crops will decrease in response to rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, Ca. However, whether Ca-induced declines in nutritional quality are also occurring for pollinator food sources is unknown. Flowering late in the season, goldenrod (Solidago spp.) pollen is a widely available autumnal food source commonly acknowledged by apiarists to be essential to native bee (e.g. Bombus spp.) and honeybee (Apis mellifera) health and winter survival. Using floral collections obtained from the Smithsonian Natural History Museum, we quantified Ca-induced temporal changes in pollen protein concentration of Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), the most widespread Solidago taxon, from hundreds of samples collected throughout the USA and southern Canada over the period 1842–2014 (i.e. a Ca from approx. 280 to 398 ppm). In addition, we conducted a 2 year in situ trial of S. canadensis populations grown along a continuous Ca gradient from approximately 280 to 500 ppm. The historical data indicated a strong significant correlation between recent increases in Ca and reductions in pollen protein concentration (r2 = 0.81). Experimental data confirmed this decrease in pollen protein concentration, and indicated that it would be ongoing as Ca continues to rise in the near term, i.e. to 500 ppm (r2 = 0.88). While additional data are needed to quantify the subsequent effects of reduced protein concentration for Canada goldenrod on bee health and population stability, these results are the first to indicate that increasing Ca can reduce protein content of a floral pollen source widely used by North American bees. AU - Ziska, Lewis H. AU - Pettis, Jeffery S. AU - Edwards, Joan AU - Hancock, Jillian E. AU - Tomecek, Martha B. AU - Clark, Andrew AU - Dukes, Jeffrey S. AU - Loladze, Irakli AU - Polley, H. Wayne DO - 10.1098/rspb.2016.0414 IS - 1828 PY - 2016 ST - Rising atmospheric CO2 is reducing the protein concentration of a floral pollen source essential for North American bees T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences TI - Rising atmospheric CO2 is reducing the protein concentration of a floral pollen source essential for North American bees VL - 283 ID - 26674 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Newton, P.C.D A2 - Carran, R.A. A2 - Edwards, G.R. A2 - Niklaus, P.A. AU - Ziska, L.H. AU - Runion, G.B. C4 - 1985bce4-5738-4ba6-ac9a-0d676d2ce4a3 CY - Boca Raton, FL PB - CRC Press PY - 2007 SE - 11 SP - 261-287 ST - Future weed, pest, and disease problems for plants T2 - Agroecosystems in a Changing Climate TI - Future weed, pest, and disease problems for plants UR - http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/60100500/csr/ResearchPubs/runion/runion_07a.pdf ID - 16090 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Arctic terrestrial ecosystems are major global sources of methane (CH4); hence, it is important to understand the seasonal and climatic controls on CH4 emissions from these systems. Here, we report year-round CH4 emissions from Alaskan Arctic tundra eddy flux sites and regional fluxes derived from aircraft data. We find that emissions during the cold season (September to May) account for ≥50% of the annual CH4 flux, with the highest emissions from noninundated upland tundra. A major fraction of cold season emissions occur during the “zero curtain” period, when subsurface soil temperatures are poised near 0 °C. The zero curtain may persist longer than the growing season, and CH4 emissions are enhanced when the duration is extended by a deep thawed layer as can occur with thick snow cover. Regional scale fluxes of CH4 derived from aircraft data demonstrate the large spatial extent of late season CH4 emissions. Scaled to the circumpolar Arctic, cold season fluxes from tundra total 12 ± 5 (95% confidence interval) Tg CH4 y−1, ∼25% of global emissions from extratropical wetlands, or ∼6% of total global wetland methane emissions. The dominance of late-season emissions, sensitivity to soil environmental conditions, and importance of dry tundra are not currently simulated in most global climate models. Because Arctic warming disproportionally impacts the cold season, our results suggest that higher cold-season CH4 emissions will result from observed and predicted increases in snow thickness, active layer depth, and soil temperature, representing important positive feedbacks on climate warming. AU - Zona, Donatella AU - Gioli, Beniamino AU - Commane, Róisín AU - Lindaas, Jakob AU - Wofsy, Steven C. AU - Miller, Charles E. AU - Dinardo, Steven J. AU - Dengel, Sigrid AU - Sweeney, Colm AU - Karion, Anna AU - Chang, Rachel Y.-W. AU - Henderson, John M. AU - Murphy, Patrick C. AU - Goodrich, Jordan P. AU - Moreaux, Virginie AU - Liljedahl, Anna AU - Watts, Jennifer D. AU - Kimball, John S. AU - Lipson, David A. AU - Oechel, Walter C. DA - January 5, 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1516017113 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SP - 40-45 ST - Cold season emissions dominate the Arctic tundra methane budget T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Cold season emissions dominate the Arctic tundra methane budget VL - 113 ID - 20373 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zu, Ke AU - Liu, Xiaobin AU - Shi, Liuhua AU - Tao, Ge AU - Loftus, Christine T. AU - Lange, Sabine AU - Goodman, Julie E. DA - 2017/07/01/ DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2017.04.006 KW - Ozone Air pollution Asthma Hospital admissions Epidemiology Concentration-response Exposure science PY - 2017 SN - 0160-4120 SP - 139-145 ST - Concentration-response of short-term ozone exposure and hospital admissions for asthma in Texas T2 - Environment International TI - Concentration-response of short-term ozone exposure and hospital admissions for asthma in Texas VL - 104 ID - 24215 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zuckerberg, Benjamin AU - Woods, Anne M. AU - Porter, William F. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01878.x IS - 8 KW - bird atlas bird distributions climate change elevational shifts global warming information-theoretic latitudinal shifts New York State range shifts PY - 2009 SN - 1365-2486 SP - 1866-1883 ST - Poleward shifts in breeding bird distributions in New York State T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Poleward shifts in breeding bird distributions in New York State VL - 15 ID - 21689 ER -