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Full Report |
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Report in Brief |
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Report in Brief (Español) |
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Summary Findings |
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Summary Findings (Mandarin) |
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Front Matter |
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Ch. 1: Overview |
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Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate |
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Ch. 3: Water |
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Ch. 4: Energy Supply, Delivery, and Demand |
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Ch. 5: Land Cover and Land-Use Change |
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Ch. 6: Forests |
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Ch. 7: Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity |
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Ch. 8: Coastal Effects |
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Ch. 9: Oceans and Marine Resources |
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Ch. 10: Agriculture and Rural Communities |
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Ch. 11: Built Environment, Urban Systems, and Cities |
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Ch. 12: Transportation |
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Ch. 13: Air Quality |
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Ch. 14: Human Health |
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Ch. 15: Tribes and Indigenous Peoples |
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Ch. 16: Climate Effects on U.S. International Interests |
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Ch. 17: Sector Interactions, Multiple Stressors, and Complex Systems |
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Ch. 18: Northeast |
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Ch. 19: Southeast |
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Ch. 20: U.S. Caribbean |
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Ch. 21: Midwest |
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Ch. 22: Northern Great Plains |
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Ch. 23: Southern Great Plains |
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Ch. 24: Northwest |
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Ch. 25: Southwest |
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Ch. 26: Alaska |
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Ch. 27: Hawai‘i and U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands |
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Ch. 28: Reducing Risks Through Adaptation Actions |
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Ch. 29: Reducing Risks Through Emissions Mitigation |
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Appendix 1: Report Development Process |
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Appendix 2: Information in the Fourth National Climate Assessment |
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Appendix 3: Data Tools and Scenario Products |
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Appendix 4: Looking Abroad: How Other Nations Approach a National Climate Assessment |
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Appendix 5: Frequently Asked Questions |
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Errata |
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Public Reviews |
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Public Comments and Author Responses |
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Author Responses to National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
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Review by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
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Response to the Academies Review |
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